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EEE121 Electric Circuit Analysis 1

This document is the lab report for an experiment on Kirchhoff's laws and voltage/current division principles. [1] The objectives are to study the validity of Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws and voltage/current division. [2] Tasks involve constructing circuits to validate these concepts and measuring voltages/currents at various points to see if they satisfy the relevant equations. [3] Results are analyzed and conclusions are made about the validity of Kirchhoff's laws and division principles based on the experimental measurements.

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Kamu Aly
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63 views6 pages

EEE121 Electric Circuit Analysis 1

This document is the lab report for an experiment on Kirchhoff's laws and voltage/current division principles. [1] The objectives are to study the validity of Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws and voltage/current division. [2] Tasks involve constructing circuits to validate these concepts and measuring voltages/currents at various points to see if they satisfy the relevant equations. [3] Results are analyzed and conclusions are made about the validity of Kirchhoff's laws and division principles based on the experimental measurements.

Uploaded by

Kamu Aly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE121 Electric Circuit Analysis 1

Lab 04: Kirchhoff’s Laws &Voltage-and-Current


Division Principles

Name Registration Number


Muhammad ahmed FA22-BEE-131
Muhammad awais yousaf FA22-BEE-145

Class BEE-2C
Instructor Name Dr.Rizwan Azam

Lab Assessment
Post-Lab Total
Data
In-lab
presentation Data analysis
------(Lab 04)------
Title : Kirchhoff’s Laws &Voltage-and-Current
Division Principles

Pre Lab

Kirchhoff’s Laws
Kirchhoff’s Laws are based on energy and charge conservation. Kirchhoff’s voltage law is based on energy
conservation and states that the algebraic sum of the potential (voltage) drops around a complete path is equal
to zero. For example, in the circuit shown in figure 4.1, the relations between the circuit elements and
resistances for the path ABCDA is:

− V + I1 R1+ I2 R2+ I5R5 = 0 (4.1)


Kirchhoff’s current law is based on charge conservation, and states that the algebraic sum of the currents
entering a node is zero. A node is a point such as “B” in figure

4.1, where I1 enters and I2 and I3 leave. The other nodes in figure 4.1 are “E”, “D”, and “C”. Referring to figure
4.1, at node “B” we have:

(4.2)
I1 – I2 – I3 =0
While at node “E” the relation is:

I3 − I4 − I6 = 0 (4.3)

Figure 1: Example circuit to illustrate the experiment


-----(In Lab)-----
Objective
 To study the validity of Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws.
 To study the validity of the voltage and current division principles.

Equipment Required
Resistors, DMM, breadboard, DC power supply, and connecting wires.

Knowledge Level
 Before working on this lab, students should have good understanding of Kirchhoff’s
voltage and current laws.
 Students should be able to theoretically solve the circuit shown in circuit diagram. 
Students should know how to simulate the electric circuit using LTSPICE.

Since we are not supposed to use the recipe based lab…hence I think the values of resistors
should not be mentioned here….students should use the pre lab task values here

Task (1):
Validation of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Voltage Divider
Rule

Task 1. Using the provided equipment, construct the circuit as shown in figure 4.2. Make sure
that every connection is clean and accurate.

Task 2. Turn the power supply ‘on’. Adjust the supply voltage to 5V.

Task 3. Use the DMM to measure the power supply output voltage and the potential
drops across each of the 5 resistors. Record these
measurements in Table 4.1.

Task 4.: Use the following relationship to verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Figure 2: Circuit to validate Kirchhoff’s voltage law

V = V1+V2+V3 + V4 +V5 (4.4)

Comment on your results.


Task 5. Use the voltage divider rule to determine the voltage drop across each of 5 resistors. Calculate
the sum of the potential drops across all 5 resistors. Does this calculated sum agree with the measured
sum found in the previous step? Comment on the validity of Kirchhoff’s voltage law and the voltage
divider rule based on your measurement results.

Task (2):
Validation of Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Current Divider Rule
Task 1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 4.3 and make sure all the connections are
appropriate.

Task 2. Turn on the DC supply. Adjust the source voltage to 5V.

Task 3. Use the DMM to measure the total current flowing through the circuit. Similarly
measure the current flowing through each of 3 resistors. Record these measurements in table
4.1.
Task 4. Use the following relationship to
verify Kirchhoff’s current law:
I = I1 +I2 + I3 (4.5)

Figure 3: Circuit to validate Kirchhoff’s current


law

Comment on your results.


Task 5. Use the current divider rule to determine the current flowing through each of 3
resistors. Calculate the sum of the currents flowing through all 3 resistors. Does this
calculated sum agree with the measured sum found in the previous step? Comment on
the validity of Kirchhoff’s current law and the current divider rule based on your
measurement results.
Task 6. Calculate the equivalent resistance Req of the three resistors used in this circuit.
With supply voltage V and Req, determine the total current I flowing in the equivalent
circuit. Compare the calculated and measured current values as tabulated in Table 4.2.
Do they agree? What is the reason for the slight variation
Table 1
Element Voltage across element Calculated Measured Simulated
(V)

R1 (Ω) V1

R2(Ω) V2

R3(Ω) V3

R4(Ω) V4

R5(Ω) V5

Table 4.1

Verification of KVL:

The following relationship is verified: V1+V2+V3+V4+V5 = V

Again the values of resistors should not be mentioned here…students should be provided with a range
of values for resistors

Table 2
Element Current through element Calculated Measured Simulated
(mA)

I (through Voltage Source)

R1 (Ω) I1

R2(Ω) I2

R3(Ω) I3

Table 4.2

Verification of KCL:

The following relationship is verified: I1+I2+I3 = I

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