Explanation Text

LATIHAN SOAL
This text is for questions number 1 to 5

To understand liquefaction, it is important to recognize the conditions that exist in
a soil deposit before an earthquake. A soil deposit consists of an assemblage of
individual soil particles. If we observe these particles, we will see that each particle is in
contact with a number of neighboring particles. The weight of the overlying soil particles
produces contact forces between the particles - these forces hold individual particles in
place and give the soil its strength.
Liquefaction occurs when the structure of a loose, saturated sand breaks down
due to some rapidly applied loading. As the structure breaks down, the loosely-packed
individual soil particles attempt to move into a denser configuration. In an earthquake,
however, there is not enough time for the water in the pores of the soil to be squeezed
out. Instead, the water is "trapped" and prevents the soil particles from moving closer
together. This is accompanied by an increase in water pressure which reduces the
contact forces between the individual soil particles, thereby softening and weakening
the soil deposit.
Then, the contact forces are very small because of the high water pressure. In an
extreme case, the porewater pressure may become so high that many of the soil
particles lose contact with each other. In such cases, the soil will have very little
strength, and will behave more like a liquid than a solid - hence, the name "liquefaction".
(https://depts.washington.edu/liquefy/html/why/why1.html#:~:text=Liquefaction%)
1. What does the first paragraph tell us mostly about?

A. The effects of an earthquake to the condition of soil.
B. The condition of soil particles before an earthquake.
C. The processes of how liquefaction occur.
D. The contacts between soil particles.
E. The definition of liquefaction.
2. What happens to the soil particles when an earthquake occurs?

A. They move to get closer together.
B. They cannot move into a denser configuration.
C. They act to squeeze out water in the pores of the soil.
D. Their contact forces to move closer increases.
E. They prevent the water to be squeezed out.
3. What can we conclude from the third paragraph?
A. The very high pressure of the water in an earthquake eaken the soil particles’ force so
liquefaction happens.
B. The porewater pressure becomes very high in an earthquake because the soil particles
do not move closer together.
C. When the soil particles loose contact with one another, an earthquake happens, causing
the water pressure increase.
D. In an earthquake, the water pressure’s strength becomes very weak so
the soil particles move closer together.
E. The term liquefaction comes from the condition of soil and water which are mixed
together.
4. According to the text, what hold the soil from moving to other places?
A. The prewater pressure and individual soil particles.
B. The number of individual particles having contact.
C. The weight of the overlying soil particles.
D. The contact forces between soil particles.
E. The porewater pressure in the soil.
5. “… saturated sand breaks down due to some rapidly applied loading”

(Paragraph 2). The boldfaced words can be replaced with ….
A. Application which are loaded rapidly
B. Loading which are applied rapidly
C. Loading rapid application
D. Applied rapid loading
E. Rapidly loading application
The following text is for questions number 16 to 20
Adapting to a new culture can be difficult, especially when moving abroad. Most people
who live in a foreign country for some time go through an adjustment period during which
“Culture Shock” is experienced. Once culture shock is understood, its effects can be minimized
dramatically. Expatriates usually experience the following phases while adjusting to their new
country: honeymoon phase, negotiation phase, adjustment phase, reverse culture shock, and
countering culture shock.
During the “Honeymoon Phase”, newly arrived expatriates are excited about their new
surroundings and are eager to explore the new country. They are very positive about their
relocation and the newness of the country.
During the negotiation phase which happens after a few weeks in a foreign country,
expatriates usually experience homesickness. Simple day-to-day tasks, such as taking
transportation, shopping or attending school meetings, can become a real challenge in a
different environment. This is sometimes exacerbated by language barriers. These are
challenges that locals may not be able to understand, and they may be seen by expatriates as
being insensitive or unsympathetic people.
Six to 12 months after arriving in the host country, expatriates usually begin to grow
accustomed to their new home and know what to expect from their surroundings. This is called
the adjustment phase. Daily activities become routine and the customs of the host country are
accepted as another way of living. At this stage expatriates are able to communicate more
freely with locals. (Taken from: https://www.agsmovers.com/news/adapting-to-a-new-culture/).
6. What social phenomenon is explained in the passage?

A. How to go through the honeymoon phase.
B. Why expatriates usually experience culture shock.
C. How to deal with culture shock when living abroad.
D. Why people should learn cross cultural understanding.
E. The phases of culture shock experience by expatriates.
7. What is meant by “honeymoon phase” in paragraph 2?

A. The first few times when people live in other countries.
B. A period of harmony immediately following marriage.
C. The trip or vacation taken by a newly married couple.
D. A period when people love the new country where they live.
E. A period when people understood the culture of the new country.
8. According to the text, in what phrase do usually expatriates experience homesickness?
A. Negotiation phase.
B. Honeymoon phase.
C. Adjustment phase.
D. Reverse culture shock.
E. Countering culture shock
9. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. It is difficult for expatriates to accept the new country’s way of living.
B. Expatriates are not able to communicate well with their new neighbours.
C. After a year, expatriates usually have new hopes from their surroundings.
D. It takes about a year for people to learn to communicate with their neighbours.
E. It usually takes about a year for people to be able to adapt to the new culture
10. “Expatriates usually experience the following phases …” (Paragraph 1). The
underlined word is closest in meaning with ….
A. natives
B. colonials
C. refugees
D. emigrants
E. deportees

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LATIHAN SOAL

This text is for questions number 1 to 5

1. What does the first paragraph tell us mostly about?

2. What happens to the soil particles when an earthquake occurs?

5. “… saturated sand breaks down due to some rapidly applied loading”

The following text is for questions number 16 to 20

6. What social phenomenon is explained in the passage?

7. What is meant by “honeymoon phase” in paragraph 2?

9. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

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