COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN TLE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY
Second Quarter

Prepared by:
RAYMOND G. PUNO
Teacher I

Noted by:
NELIA P. ABAYA, Ed.D.
Head Teacher III, TLE
Chapter 1
What is so great with the internet?

The Internet (interconnected network)— also known as the Net or Web— is the world’s
largest computer network.
It was initially developed to aid in the progress of computing technology by linking academic
computer centers.

Where did the Internet come from?

The ancestor of the Internet is the ARPANET, a project funded by the Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1969, as an experiment in reliable networking and to link DoD and military
research contractors, including many universities doing military-funded research. (ARPA stands
for Advanced Research Projects Administration, the branch of the DoD in charge of handing
out grant money.

ARPANET started when the first two nodes were established between UCLA and SRI
(Stanford Research Institute) in 1969 followed shortly after that by UCSB and the University of
Utah. The picture below is an example of what ARPANET looked like in March 1977.

In the early 1980s, the ARPANET grew into the early Internet, a group of interlinked
networks connecting many educational and research sites funded by the National Science
Foundation (NSF), along with the original military sites. By 1990, it was clear that the Internet
was here to stay, and DARPA and the NSF bowed out in favor of the commercially run networks
that make up today’s Internet.
 The Internet contains billions of web
pages created by people and companies from
around the world, making it a limitless place to
locate information and entertainment. The Internet
also has thousands of services that help make life
more convenient. For example, many financial
institutions offer online banking that enables a user
to manage and view their account from different
locations. The picture is a representation and map of
the Internet done by The Opte Project.

“What is a network?”

A computer network is a bunch of computers that communicate with each other, sort
of like a radio or TV network connects a bunch of radio or TV stations. Computer networks are
two-way: When computer A sends a message to computer B, B can send a reply back to A.
Some computer networks consist of a central computer and a bunch of remote stations
that report to it. Other networks,
including the Internet, are more
egalitarian and permit any
computer on the network to
communicate with any other
computer. Many wireless devices
— cellphones, tablets, and their
ilk — expand the reach of the
Internet right into our pockets.
The Internet isn’t simply
one network — it’s a network of
networks, all freely exchanging
information. The networks range
from the big, corporate networks
to tiny ones.

What is the excitement on the Internet?

Everywhere you turn, you can find traces of the Internet. Household products, business
cards, radio shows, and movie credits list their website addresses (usually starting
with www and ending with .com) and their email addresses. New people you meet would
rather give you an email address than a phone
number. Everyone seems to be “going online”
and “googling it.”
When it comes to spreading information,
the Internet is the most significant invention since
the printing press. If you use a telephone, write
letters, read a newspaper or magazine, or do
business or any kind of research, the Internet can
radically alter your worldview.
On networks, size counts a great deal: The larger a network is, the more stuff it has to
offer. Because the Internet is the world’s largest interconnected group of computer networks,
it has an amazing array of information to offer.
When people talk about the Internet, they usually talk about what they can do, what
they have found, and whom they have met. The number of available services is too huge to list
in this chapter, but here are the Big Three:

1. Electronic mail (email): This service is certainly the

most widely used — you can exchange email with
millions of people all over the world. People use
email for anything for which they might use paper
(mail, faxes, special delivery of documents) or the
telephone (gossip, recipes, love letters) to
communicate. We hear that some people even use
it for stuff related to work. Electronic mailing lists
enable you to join group discussions with people
who have similar interests and to meet people over the Net.

2. The World Wide Web: When people talk these days about surfing the Net, they often
mean checking out sites on this global multimedia hyperlinked database. In fact, people
are talking more about the web and less about the Internet. Are they the same thing?
Technically, the answer is “No.” But practically speaking, the answer for many people
is “Pretty close.”
Websites can provide you with
information ranging from travel
information to how to raise chickens. You
can also look at videos, listen to music, buy
stuff, sell stuff, and play video games.
The software used to navigate the web is
a browser. The most popular browsers
now are Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet
Explorer, and Safari.
The Fathers of the Internet

The Fathers of the World Wide Web

3. Instant messaging (IM’ing): Programs such

as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp let
you send messages that “pop up” on the
recipient’s screen. We hear tales of
nimble-fingered youth carrying on upward
of 13 IM sessions simultaneously. Some
websites also provide messaging services.

Anybody Can Access It

One great thing about the Internet is that it is the most open network in the world.
Thousands of computers provide facilities that are available to anyone who has Internet access.
Although pay services exist (and more are added every day), most Internet services are free for
the taking after you are online. If you do not already have access to the Internet by way of your
company, your school, your library, or a friend, you can pay for access by using an Internet
service provider (ISP).
ISP Providers in the Philippines
1. Converge ICT Solutions
2. One SKY
3. PLDT
4. Globe Broadband
5. Smart Broadband

One significant
change in Net use in the past
few years has been the
move to ever smaller,
lighter, and cheaper
equipment to connect to it.
A netbook is a small,
inexpensive computer,
about the size and weight of
this book, that is intended
mainly for connecting to the
Net. If a netbook is too big
for you, a smartphone such as the Apple iPhone or one using Google Android puts a computer,
and the Internet, in your pocket with an always-on connection.

The Net Advantage

The Internet has become totally mainstream, and you are falling further behind the
curve — and at a faster rate — if you haven’t yet gotten started. Increasingly, news gets out
on the Internet before it’s available any other way, and the cyber deprived are losing ground.
Here are some of the ways people use the Internet:

1. Information, knowledge, and learning

As mentioned earlier, the Internet contains an endless supply of knowledge and
information that allows you to learn about almost any topic or question you may have. Using
a search engine like Google, you can ask virtually any question and find a web page with an
answer to and information about that question. There are also millions of videos on sites like
YouTube explaining various topics, and even online courses to help teach you about many
different subjects.

2. Connectivity, communication, and sharing

In the past, it would take days and sometimes even months to receive a letter from
someone else. Today, with the Internet, you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and
often have it delivered in less than a minute. Other forms of communication, such as chat and
VOIP, also allow you to have instant communication with anyone in the world.
Online forums are also places where people who share common interests can connect
and talk about what they enjoy, or ask questions of other experts in the field.

3. Address, mapping, and contact information

With the help of GPS technology, the Internet helps
map and direct you to almost every place in the world. You
can quickly route to your location or find businesses in your
area that may sell or provide you with a service you need.
Today's search engines are also smart enough to know your
location and help give you the most relevant searches for
your area. For example, if you need a plumber and search
for "plumber," you will get a list of local plumbers in your
area.

4. Banking, bills, and shopping

The Internet provides access to
your bank account to view the
balance, make transactions, and send
money. Also, many services enable
you to view and pay bills electronically.
Online shopping is another
huge advantage of the Internet, giving
people the ability to find products of
interest and buy them without having
to visit a store. The Internet provides easy access to compare prices between companies, and
even see what others think about a product through online reviews to help make better
purchasing decisions.

5. Selling and making money

If you are a business or want to sell
products and services, the Internet is a
perfect place to sell most goods. Because
anyone in the world with Internet access
can find your website, you have access to
more potential customers than you ever
could with a local retail store. The Internet
is always on and always available, which
means you have the potential of selling
goods every day at all times. The Internet
also gives businesses the ability to advertise their product or service to everyone in the world
or specify an exact demographic they want to reach.

6. Collaboration, work from home, and access to a global workforce

The Internet is the perfect place to work with other people from around the world.
Several online services help you work with people around the world, and with an almost instant
communication, it can even make
producing new products and
services faster.
An Internet connection
provides many people with the
ability to work from home or have
a virtual office. Today, many
businesses allow their employees
to work from home using their
computers and Internet
connection. Working from home
can save people money by not
having to pay for child care, and save them money and time by eliminating the daily commute
to and from work every day.

7. Donations and funding

With access to a much wider audience, anyone with an Internet connection can quickly
donate to their favorite charity or help fund projects and ideas that interest them. Also, those
looking for charity can find many online services that help make it easier to help donate or
support their causes.

8. Entertainment
The Internet gives everyone access to an endless supply of entertainment, with access
to watch videos, watch movies, listen to music, and even play games online.

9. Cloud computing and cloud storage

The Internet connects your
computers and Internet-enabled devices to
cloud services, like cloud computing and
cloud storage. With cloud computing, a
device can have access to more powerful
computers and even supercomputers to
perform complex tasks while you or your
business work on other tasks.
 Cloud storage synchronizes data across any of your Internet-connected devices, so you
have access to your files from anywhere. It makes backing up information easier, and safer —
your data is securely stored in a professionally-maintained server. So, if you are using a cloud
storage backup service and your home or office burned down, you would not lose all your
valuable data.

The Net Disadvantage

Although the Internet is one of man's greatest creations, it has many disadvantages, several of
which are listed in the following sections.

1. Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime

Anyone who has spent time on the Internet has encountered trolls or abusive people.
Another issue that has increased over the years is cyberbullying.
With people sharing information on the Internet, stalkers may experience less difficulty
finding personal information about others through various means.
Hidden places on the Internet and the deep web can be places for criminals to conduct
business without as much fear of being caught. A global audience also gives criminals more
ways to solicit their goods.

2. Pornographic and violent images

In our digital age, there is a nearly an infinite amount of content on the Internet. While
there are amazing resources, such as Wikipedia, less desirable content also exists.
Consequently, users can accidentally come across violent or pornographic images that they
may not want to view.
3. Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions
Surfing and playing games on the Internet can quickly become very addictive. Doing so
can lead to spending a lot of frivolous time on the Internet, instead of doing something
productive. On this same note, the Internet can hamper workplace productivity as well.

4. Never being able to disconnect from work

The Internet is great for giving its users the ability to work from anywhere. However,
you may be expected to be available to work at any time of the day, even if you had not
previously agreed to be available.
For example, you may be at home and get a notification of an important work-related
e-mail and end up working without getting paid.

5. Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating

With access to billions of computers,
computer hackers and malicious users can hack
accounts and steal personal information that could be
used for identity theft. The Internet also connects all
computers to each other, so hackers can scan millions of computers and quickly identify what
computers are vulnerable to attack.
The Internet also enables students to cheat on their studies or find others on the
Internet to do their homework.

6. Depression, loneliness, and social isolation

Social networking sites can also lead to depression as many people tend to compare
their lives with others. The Internet and online games facilitate communication with others.
Although you may find new connections around the world, you may also find yourself
disconnecting from those in your real life.

7. Health issues and obesity

As with watching TV, spending too much time on the computer surfing the Internet or
playing games can also lead to obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle.
A computer also requires a lot of repetitive movement can lead to carpal tunnel
syndrome. For example, moving your hand from your keyboard to a mouse and typing are all
repetitive actions, which can cause injuries. Taking breaks, keeping the proper posture, and
understanding computer ergonomics can all help delay or prevent these injuries.

8. Buying things you don't need

The Internet reduces the barriers for consumers to make purchases, so users may find
themselves purchasing products without putting much thought into whether they should. Also,
for some people, buying items on the Internet can become so addictive that it causes serious
debt.
 Chapter 1 - What is so great with the internet?
Activity Sheet

Activity 1 – Multiple Choice

Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your answer sheets.
1. What is the world’s largest computer network?
a. ARPANET b. WWW c. Globe d. Internet
2. What is the project that experiment in reliable networking and to link Department of
Defense and military research contractors, including many universities?
a. WWW b. Internet c. ARPANET d. ARPA
3. What do you call a bunch of computers that communicates with each other?
a. Internet b. Computer network c. ISP d. ARPANET
4. What internet feature lets you exchange email with millions of people all over the
world?
a. The World Wide Web b. Electronic mail c. Instant messaging d. ISP
5. Which of the following is not an ISP in the Philippines?
a. Globe Broadband b. Sun Cellular c. PLDT d. One Sky
6. Who is the Father of the Internet?
a. Mark Zuckerberg b. Tim Berners-Lee c. Vinton G. Cerf d. Bill Gates
7. It is a small, inexpensive computer that is intended mainly for connecting to the Net?
a. Laptop b. Tablet c. Smartphone d. Netbook
8. Who is the Father of the Word Wide Web?
a. Elon Musk b. Tim Berners-Lee c. Bill Gates d. Vinton G. Cerf
9. With the help of ______, the Internet helps map and direct you to almost every place
in the world.
a. Billing b. Collaboration c. GPS d. Cloud computing
10. A device can have access to more powerful computers and even supercomputers to
perform complex tasks while you or your business work on other tasks.?
a. GPS b. Network c. Cloud computing d. ISP

Activity 2 – True or False

Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise write FALSE. Write your
answers on your answer sheets.
______1. The Internet contains an limited supply of knowledge and information that allows
you to learn about almost any topic or question you may have.
______2. You can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it delivered in less than
a minute.
______3. Social networking sites can also lead to depression as many people tend to compare
their lives with others.
______4. The Internet is great for giving its users the ability to work from anywhere.
______5. The Internet is not a good place to sell most goods.