Lecture 6 Town Planning

Civic/urban Survey
Description of Survey:
In order understand the society, for which planning

is to be done, to identify the nexus of needs &
problems, to have comprehensive understanding of
city elements & their effect upon each other, to
formulate policies & choose between them or
adjust them in practice; a town planner must be
equipped with variety of tools & techniques.
Because the planning is based upon knowledge; the
knowledge depends upon information &
information depends upon survey.
Survey means collection of data & information
through site visit & personal observations. Survey is
always done before plan.
The survey leads us to information or knowledge
which is used by all planners to prepare a mind map
of the region before drawing a plan of town. The
collected data & information through survey is
analyzed & presented in the form maps, charts,
tables & models. there are certain ground realities
which can only be understood through personal site
visit by the planners. This survey of site before
planning is also known as diagnosis before the
treatment.
Types of Survey:
A - Town Surveys:
These surveys are conducted to prepare a base
map for the Town planning scheme. Basically
these surveys are of three types; i.e.
i) Physical survey
ii) Social survey
iii) Economic survey
A 1- Physical survey: These are conducted in two ways i.e.
through land survey and aerial survey. In physical survey four
types of information or data are collected.
i) Natural Features survey i.e. location in respect to existing
towns & region, topography & soil conditions, climatology
etc.
ii) Land Use survey i.e. use of land for residential, commercial,
or social purposes, public & semi public spaces, open spaces,
transportation networks, agriculture, water elements, vacant
lands & other uses.
iii) Building Conditions survey i.e. buildings are in very good,
good, poor, or in bad condition?
iv) Communications survey i.e. highways, roads and its network
& railway junctions and its network, availability of parking
facilities in the city, origin & destination (O&D) survey,
accidents survey; and future trends of traffic surveys etc.
A 2 - Social survey: These are of three kinds, i.e. I)
Population II) Housing and III) Community Facilities
i) Population: Trends in population growth for last
50 years, present population characteristics,
future population growth by considering
survival, urban Migration & development of
new industries. Demographic survey i.e.
classification of population & town density.
ii) Housing: Housing stock, per annum need,
current housing conditions, accommodation
density, building height, material use & tenancy
status, rented or owned.
iii) Community facilities: Education, health &
recreation.
A 3 - Economic survey: Occupational conditions,
survey of industries, survey of commerce, financial
position of local authorities.
B - Regional survey: The larger scale surveys carried
out in different town & villages to obtain general
information about their physical, economic & social
conditions is termed as regional survey. These
regional investigations are carried out to develop
whole region in a coherent manner. These include
regional transport, highways & regional water
supply system.
C - National survey: This survey is conducted at
national level which includes different regions. This
survey is conducted to obtain information about,
natural resources, potential for locating industries,
fixing railways alignment, etc.
D - Civic survey or Socio-Economic survey: This is
local level small scale survey conducted for
redevelopment scheme, slum improvement scheme
and master plan development. The socio-economic
survey is the foundation stone of planning
structure.
NEED AND SCOPE OF COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

• The basic town-planning document is a
comprehensive plan that is adopted and maintained
with regular revisions. The plan receives its day-to-day
expression in a series of legal documents—town
planning controls, subdivision regulations, and
building and housing codes—that establish standards
of land use and quality of construction.
PLANNING PROCESS
The phases of planning can also be defined as the
planning process. The planning process requires a logical
sequence of interrelated facts on which an argument or
scheme is formulated, tested & proved.
PHASE – 1:
• The first phase of planning process is surveying &
mapping .
• It means to identify the individuals, organizations,
institutions, stake holders and activities of any context
in which planning might function to redress any
imbalance & anomaly of that context.
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 2:
• The second phase of planning process is to formulate
broad based community goals, which reflects over all
demands and desires of the community at large.
• For example, “to provide better standard of housing

throughout the local authority area” or “to ensure
that adequate open spaces shall be provided to the
community at the walking distance.
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 3:
• The third phase of planning process is the identification
of objective which is more precise to achieve
community goals.
• The establishment of community goals & objectives

requires an extensive consultative process & public
private partnership to develop priorities of the society
i.e. to develop more schools or install new sewerage
system.
ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING – CE 4702
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 4:
• The phase fourth of planning process is to develop
possible alternatives, which means the established
goals & objective shall be examined and complied and
course of action shall be developed.
• In this phase of planning all the components of

solution to each objective which can fulfill a goal may
be analyzed & tested. In this way the potential policies
are formulated and alternative strategies are
established.
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 5:
• The phase five of planning process is evaluation of all
the course of actions with a comparative analysis &
measurement. In this phase some strategies will be
eliminated immediately due to physical, social,
economic or political reasons. Where as other
strategies may require detailed analysis such as cost
benefit analysis, financial appraisal etc.
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 6:
• The sixth phase of planning process is implementation
of chosen plan. This implementation phase has two
major effects. One is the positive action on behalf of
planning authority and other is stimulation of private
sector enterprise through public sector efforts.
PLANNING PROCESS
PHASE – 7:
• Seventh phase of planning process is the Monitoring & review. In this

monitoring stage; the performance of policies is judged through its
effectiveness and efficiency. However it may also address the changing
circumstance and the adjustments in the plan accordingly..
COMMUNICATION
AIRWAYS & AIR TRANSPORT:
• “Since 1952 world air passenger traffic has been increasing at the rate of
14.5 percent annually where as air freight traffic is increasing by 17.5
percent annually”. It is a grave reality that growth of air transport effects the
development of regional & national economics and promotes International
trade. The travel & tourism industries are also a major influence on national
economics and constitute the most valuable parameter of international
trade.
TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC:
• AIR CARRIER TRAFFIC usually related to public sector of air transport
industry which offer air services as regular scheduled services or as non-
scheduled or on charter basis services for the carriage of both international
& domestic passengers & freight traffic.
• GENERAL AVIATION is air traffic covers all the other civil aviation which
serves the specific private users, such as Business & Personal travel,
agricultural spraying, aerial survey or self piloted recreational flying.
COMMUNICATION
LOCATION OF AN AIRPORT:
a. Nature and Scale of traffic handled and its rate of growth.
b. Physical and climatic characteristics of site.
c. Performance characteristics of current & future air crafts i.e.
number, length and configuration of run ways required.
Significant operational factors.
a. Air traffic control requirements i.e. minimal interference to and from
traffic control operations of neighboring airports.
b. Height obstructions and other navigational hazards, i.e. tall
buildings, smoke and birds.
c. Prevalent weather conditions including wind distribution and
incidence of fog and snow.
COMMUNICATION
Significant planning & social factors which affects the location of an
airport. For instance:
a. The location of airport requires a balance between danger & noise
disturbance.
b. Provision of good accessibility from the center of population it
serves.
c. Travel time and costs of surface transport to the airport.
d. Connection to rapid transit system, highways and public private
transport etc.

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Civic/urban Survey

In order understand the society, for which planning

THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

• For example, “to provide better standard of housing

• The establishment of community goals & objectives

• In this phase of planning all the components of

• Seventh phase of planning process is the Monitoring & review. In this

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