User’s Guide and Codebook

National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE)

National Surveys on Energy and Environment Public Use

Datasets:
Fall 2018

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 National Surveys on Energy and
Environment Public Use Datasets:
Fall 2018

Summary

The National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE), a core activity in CLOSUP's Energy and
Environmental Policy Initiative, reflects a formal partnership between the Muhlenberg Institute of Public Opinion at
Muhlenberg College and the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy at the University of Michigan's Gerald R.
Ford School of Public Policy. NSEE surveys include twice per year national opinion surveys on issues directly
related to climate change, as well as other surveys conducted on a range of topics such as hydraulic fracturing
("fracking"), the Great Lakes, and wider issues of energy and environment. NSEE is co-directed by
professor Barry Rabe at the University of Michigan, and professor Christopher Borick at Muhlenberg College. For
more information on the collaboration between the University of Michigan and Muhlenberg College, please see
the recent article from Muhlenberg Magazine. For more information about the NSEE, contact closup-
nsee@umich.edu.

The Fall 2018 NSEE included longitudinal questions about belief in climate change, plus additional content related
to the role of climate change in midterm elections, renewable energy, support for a carbon tax, and more.

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Methodology

Survey Methodology

N 800 (164 Land Line & 636 Cell Phone)

Margin of Error +/- 3.4%

Fielding Dates September 18, 2018 - October 19, 2018

AAPOR RR3 Response Rate 7%

Weighted by: Gender, Age, Race, Income, and Education

The results are based on a telephone survey of 800 adult (age 18 or older) residents of the United States between
September 18 and October 19, 2018. Respondents were interviewed in English on both land lines (173) and cell
phones (627) by the staff of the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion (MCIPO) in Allentown,
Pennsylvania on the Institute’s Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system. Both the landline and cell
phone samples were provided by the Marketing Systems Group (MSG), Horsham, Pennsylvania. Both landline
and cell phones were chosen randomly from sampling frames of United States landline and cell numbers provided
by MSG.

With a randomly selected sample of 800 respondents the margin of error for the surveys is +/- 3.4% at a 95%
level of confidence. Margins of error for questions with smaller sample size will be larger. In addition to sampling
error, one should consider that question wording and other fielding issues could introduce error or bias into survey
results. The sample data has been weighted by gender, race, age, income and educational attainment to reflect
those population characteristics of the United States as reported by the United States Census Bureau for 2016.
The calculation of sampling error takes into account design effects due to the weighting identified above. In order
to reach a representative sample of Americans both land lines and cell phones are called up to 5 times. The
response rate for this survey as calculated using the American Association of Public Opinion Research (AAPOR)
RRII formula is 7%. Due to rounding the totals provided in the frequency report may not total 100%.

The survey instrument was constructed by the staff of the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion and the
Center for State, Local and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) of the University of Michigan. The survey was funded
exclusively by Muhlenberg College and the University of Michigan. For more detailed information on the methods
employed please contact the MCIPO at 484-664-3066 or email Dr. Christopher P. Borick at
cborick@muhlenberg.edu.

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Funding and Financial Disclosure

Funding for the NSEE surveys has been provided by general revenues of the University of Michigan Center for
Local, State, and Urban Policy, and the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion. The authors did not
accept any stipend or supplemental income in the completion of the survey or the reports from this survey.

Variable Naming

Rather than using variables names based on question number, the NSEE datasets use a longitudinal variable naming
scheme, to facilitate longitudinal analysis. Many questions have been asked in multiple waves of the NSEE, making it
a valuable source of longitudinal public-opinion data on climate change and energy policy. Consult the NSEE
Crosswalk to see which questions have been asked in prior and subsequent waves of the NSEE. Variable names
include two parts, a subject category for the question, and a description of the contents of the question. When a
question has been asked with the same text and response options over multiple waves, the same variable name will
be used in each dataset. Where there have been slight changes in question wording, the variable name will include a
version number (v1, v2, etc., appended to the variable name). In the single wave NSEE datasets, variables are listed
in the order that they were asked.

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LIST OF VARIABLES
Variable Label
RSPDNUM Respondent number
Sample Sample Type
version_weather_v2 Placement and order of weather questions
ORDERQ29_30 Rotation of carbontax_revneutral_v4 and carbontax_rev4road
ORDERQ31_32 Rotation of carbontax_rev4ee and carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2
demog_age_year Can you please tell me in which year you were born
AgeRecode Age categories
demog_state State of residence
demog_state_region Regional Recode
weather_pastsummer_v2 How would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer
weather_pastwinter How would you describe the overall weather in your area this past winter
gw_belief Is there solid evidence avg temp on earth has been warming in past 4 decades
believer_confidence How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is increasing
believer_cause Is the earth warming because of human activity or natural patterns
believer_cause_followup Is the earth warming mostly because of human activity or mostly because of
natural patterns
believer_problem Is global warming a serious problem
believer_factor_open Belief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED
believer_factor_open_coded Belief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED coded
believer_factor_glaciers Belief factor: Declining glaciers & polar ice
believer_factor_warmer Belief factor: warmer temps in your area
believer_factor_hurricane Belief factor: Strength of US hurricanes
believer_factor_mildwint Belief factor: milder winters in your area
believer_factor_droughts Belief factor: Severe droughts across US
nonbeliever_confidence How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is NOT increasing
nonbeliever_factor_open Nonbelief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED
nonbeliever_factor_open_coded Nonbelief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED coded
weather_gwimpact_v2 Role of climate change on recent extreme weather events
govt_nofedaction If federal govt fails to address GW, it's my state's responsibility to act
state_impactsfelt My state has already felt negative effects from global warming
fed_trump Approval of how President Trump is handling global warming
gw_midterms Effect of candidate's position on global warming on vote in the 2018
Congressional Midterm Election
wind_mystate Support increasing the use of wind energy in your state
solar_mystate Support increasing the use of solar energy in your state
state_rps_mystate_v2 Support requiring increased use of renewable energy in your state
subsidy_support_mystate Support for increasing subsidies for renewable energy in your state
carbontax_support_v4 Support for carbon tax

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carbontax_support_epa Support for carbon tax in exchange for restricting ability of the EPA to
regulate GHG
carbontax_revneutral_v4 Support for carbon tax if revenue neutral - annual dividend
carbontax_rev4road Support for carbon tax if revenue put in highway trust fund
carbontax_rev4ee Support for carbon tax if revenues reinvested in energy efficiency improvements
carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2 Support for carbon tax if revenues reinvested in renewable energy projects
extractiontax_support Support for fossil fuels extraction tax
extractiontax_rev4state Support for fossil fuels extraction tax if revenues returned to state where fuels
were extracted
renewables_health Renewable energy helps lower levels of air pollution, improving human health.
renewables_energyindep Renewable energy helps the United States be less reliant on foreign energy
sources.
renewables_econdev Renewable energy contributes to economic development for communities
such as increased jobs or local tax revenue.
renewables_climate Renewable energy helps limit climate change.
renewables_stewards Renewable energy helps us be good stewards of God’s creation.
willing2pay_list How much would you be willing to pay/year for more renewable energy
demog_race Race
demog_relig Religious affiliation
demog_relig_bible Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the
Bible? [READ LIST]
demog_relig_media Hours watching or listening to religious media
demog_edu Highest level of education
demog_polparty Political party affiliation
demog_polviews Political beliefs: conservative to liberal
worldviews_trump Agreement with Donald Trump on important issues facing the country today
demog_income Family income
demog_gender_v2 Finally, to which gender identity do you most identify? (READ LIST)
TIME Date and time of interview
Weight Overall Weight

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National Surveys on Energy and
Environment: Fall 2018 Data

RSPDNUM
Label
Respondent number
Representation
Numeric
Decimal Positions
2
Role
input

Sample
Label
Sample Type
Representation
C Cell
L Land
Role
input

version_weather_v2
Label
Placement and order of weather questions
Representation
A Weather questions before gw_belief, summer
first
B Weather questions before gw_belief, winter first
C Weather questions after beliefs battery, summer
first

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 D Weather questions after beliefs battery, winter
first
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The placement and order of weather questions (weather_pastsummer_v2 and weather_pastwinter) differed
between four samples. This variable indicates the placement and order of the weather questions for a
respondent.

ORDERQ29_30
Label
Rotation of carbontax_revneutral_v4 and carbontax_rev4road
Representation
E carbontax_revneutral_v4 first
F carbontax_rev4road first
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_revneutral_v4 and carbontax_rev4road were asked was rotated between two
samples. This variable indicates the order in which these two items were asked.

ORDERQ31_32
Label
Rotation of carbontax_rev4ee and carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2
Representation
G carbontax_rev4ee first
H carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2 first
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_rev4ee and carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2 were asked was rotated between two
samples. This variable indicates the order in which these two items were asked.

demog_age_year
Label
Can you please tell me in which year you were born
Representation

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 9999 Masked
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
To protect respondent confidentiality, CLOSUP coded demog_age_year into a categorical variable
AgeRecode, and masked original values of demog_age_year. Original values of demog_age_year are not
available to secondary users.

AgeRecode
Label
Age categories
Representation
1 18-29
2 30-44
3 45-64
4 65 or older
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_state
Label
State of residence
Representation
Type
Text
Role
input

demog_state_region
Label
Regional Recode
Representation
Numeric
Decimal Positions
2

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Role
input

CODEBOOK NOTE:
States were coded into regions as follows:
Northeast (1)
ME,NH,VT,MA,RI,CT,NY,PA,NJ
South (2)
MD,DE,VA,NC,SC,GA,FL,WV,KY,TN,AL,MS,LA,AR,OK,TX,DC
Midwest (3)
OH,IN,IL,IA,WI,MN,MI,MO,NE,ND,SD,KS
West (4)
HI,AK,CA,OR,WA,MT,WY,CO,NM,AZ,UT,NV,ID

weather_pastsummer_v2
Label
How would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now thinking back to last summer how would you describe the overall weather in
your area. Would you say the weather last summer was:
1 A lot warmer than usual
2 Slightly warmer than usual
3 Slightly cooler than usual
4 A lot cooler than usual
5 About the same as usual
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
weather_pastsummer_v2 and weather_pastwinter were asked as split samples. Respondents were randomly
assigned to one of 4 samples: Sample A and Sample B were asked the questions before gw_belief, while
Sample C and Sample D were asked the questions before carbontax_support. Sample A and Sample C were
asked weather_pastsummer_v2 first and weather_pastwinter second, while Sample B and Sample D were
asked weather_pastwinter first at weather_pastsummer_v2 second. The variable version_weather_v2
indicates which sample the respondent was assigned to.

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weather_pastwinter
Label
How would you describe the overall weather in your area this past winter
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past
winter? Would you say it was:
1 A lot warmer than usual
2 Slightly warmer than usual
3 Slightly cooler than usual
4 A lot cooler than usual
5 About the same as usual
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
weather_pastsummer_v2 and weather_pastwinter were asked as split samples. Respondents were randomly
assigned to one of 4 samples: Sample A and Sample B were asked the questions before gw_belief, while
Sample C and Sample D were asked the questions before carbontax_support. Sample A and Sample C were
asked weather_pastsummer_v2 first and weather_pastwinter second, while Sample B and Sample D were
asked weather_pastwinter first at weather_pastsummer_v2 second. The variable version_weather_v2
indicates which sample the respondent was assigned to.

gw_belief
Label
Is there solid evidence avg temp on earth has been warming in past 4 decades
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I would like to ask you a few questions on the issue of global warming. From
what you’ve read and heard. Is there solid evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting
warmer over the past four decades?
1 Yes
2 No
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

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believer_confidence
Label
How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is increasing
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is increasing? Are
you very confident, fairly confident, not too confident or not confident at all that the average temperature
on earth is increasing?
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very confident
2 Fairly confident
3 Not too confident
4 Not confident at all
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1

believer_cause
Label
Is the earth warming because of human activity or natural patterns
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Is the earth getting warmer because of human activity such as burning fossil
fuels, or mostly because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment?
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Human activity
2 Natural patterns
3 A combination (volunteered)
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1

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believer_cause_followup
Label
Is the earth warming mostly because of human activity or mostly because of natural patterns
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: I know you say it’s a combination, but if you had to choose, would you say that
temperatures on earth are rising mostly because of human activity or mostly because of natural patterns?
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Human activity
2 Natural patterns
3 Equal
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless believer_cause=3 “A combination”

believer_problem
Label
Is global warming a serious problem
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: In your view is global warming a very serious problem, somewhat serious, not too
serious, or not a problem?
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very serious
2 Somewhat serious
3 Not too serious
4 Not a problem
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1

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believer_factor_open
Label
Belief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What is the primary factor that has caused you to believe that temperatures on
earth are increasing?
Type
Text
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1

believer_factor_open_coded
Label
Belief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED coded
Representation
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Melting Glaciers
2 Warmer Temps Observed
3 Weather Change
4 Scientific Research
5 Gore Documentary
6 Media Coverage
7 Declining Species
8 Human Activity
9 Natural Patterns
10 Not Sure/Other
11 Ocean/sea-level rise
12 Religious factors
13 Population growth
14 Growing season/plants
15 A combination of human activity and natural
patterns
99 Refused
Role
input

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SKIP PATTERN:
believer_factor_open was not asked unless gw_belief=1

believer_factor_glaciers
Label
Belief factor: Declining glaciers & polar ice
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has
had a very large, somewhat large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer:
Declining glaciers and polar ice throughout the globe
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very large
2 Somewhat large
3 Not too large
4 No effect
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which believer_factor_glaciers through believer_factor_droughts were asked was rotated.

believer_factor_warmer
Label
Belief factor: warmer temps in your area
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has
had a very large, somewhat large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer:
Warmer temperatures in your area during recent years
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very large
2 Somewhat large
3 Not too large
4 No effect
98 Not sure

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 99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which believer_factor_glaciers through believer_factor_droughts were asked was rotated.

believer_factor_hurricane
Label
Belief factor: Strength of US hurricanes
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has
had a very large, somewhat large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer:
The strength of hurricanes hitting the United States
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very large
2 Somewhat large
3 Not too large
4 No effect
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which believer_factor_glaciers through believer_factor_droughts were asked was rotated.

believer_factor_mildwint
Label
Belief factor: milder winters in your area
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has
had a very large, somewhat large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer:
Milder winters in your area
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very large

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 2 Somewhat large
3 Not too large
4 No effect
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which believer_factor_glaciers through believer_factor_droughts were asked was rotated.

believer_factor_droughts
Label
Belief factor: Severe droughts across US
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has
had a very large, somewhat large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer:
Severe droughts in areas across the United States
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very large
2 Somewhat large
3 Not too large
4 No effect
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN:
Not asked unless gw_belief=1
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which believer_factor_glaciers through believer_factor_droughts were asked was rotated.

nonbeliever_confidence
Label
How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is NOT increasing

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QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: How confident are you that the average temperatures on earth are NOT
increasing? Are you very confident, fairly confident, not too confident or not confident at all that the
average temperature on earth is NOT increasing?
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Very confident
2 Fairly confident
3 Not too confident
4 Not confident at all
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN
Not asked unless gw_belief=2

nonbeliever_factor_open
Label
Nonbelief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What is the primary factor that makes you believe that temperatures on earth are
not increasing?
Type
Text
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN
Not asked unless gw_belief=2

nonbeliever_factor_open_coded
Label
Nonbelief factor: primary factor OPEN ENDED coded
Representation
-9 Not asked - not applicable
1 Personal Observations
2 Natural Patterns
3 Lack of Evidence
4 Media has Misled

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 5 Evidence Disproves
6 Religious Factors
7 Political Factors
8 No Particular Reason
9 Not Sure/Other
99 Refused
Role
input
SKIP PATTERN
nonbeliever_factor_open not asked unless gw_belief=2

weather_gwimpact_v2
Label
Role of climate change on recent extreme weather events
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: As you may have heard, parts of North America have recently experienced
significant heat waves, flooding, wildfires, droughts, and hurricanes. What role, if any, would you say
climate change has played in these extreme weather events? Would you say climate change has played a
major role, some role, a minor role, or no role in these extreme weather events?
1 Major role
2 Some role
3 Minor role
4 No role
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

govt_nofedaction
Label
If federal govt fails to address GW, it's my state's responsibility to act
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Please identify your level of agreement with the following statements. For each
statement please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree: If
the federal government fails to address the issue of global warming it is my state’s responsibility to address
the problem.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree

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 3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
In datasets for previous waves of NSEE, this variable was named “govt_nostateaction”

state_impactsfelt
Label
My state has already felt negative effects from global warming
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Please identify your level of agreement with the following statements. For each
statement please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree:
My state has already felt negative effects from global warming.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

fed_trump
Label
Approval of how President Trump is handling global warming
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: In general do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or
strongly disapprove of the way that President Donald Trump is handling the issue of global warming.
1 Strongly approve
2 Somewhat approve
3 Somewhat disapprove
4 Strongly disapprove
98 Not sure
99 Refused

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Role
input

gw_midterms
Label
Effect of candidate's position on global warming on vote in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Election
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: In terms of your vote in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Election will a
candidate’s position on the issue of global warming have a major effect, moderate effect, or no effect on
your decision on who to vote for in the upcoming congressional election?
1 Major effect
2 Moderate effect
3 Minor effect
4 No effect
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

wind_mystate
Label
Support increasing the use of wind energy in your state
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your state. For each of the following policy options I read please
indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state
adopting that policy as a means of reducing emissions? Increasing the use of wind energy in your state.

1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which wind_mystate, solar_mystate, state_rps_mystate_v2, and subsidy_support_mystate were
asked was rotated.

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solar_mystate
Label
Support increasing the use of solar energy in your state
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your state. For each of the following policy options I read please
indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state
adopting that policy as a means of reducing emissions? Increasing the use of solar energy in your state.
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which wind_mystate, solar_mystate, state_rps_mystate_v2, and subsidy_support_mystate were
asked was rotated.

state_rps_mystate_v2
Label
Support requiring increased use of renewable energy in your state
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your state. For each of the following policy options I read please
indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state
adopting that policy as a means of reducing emissions? Your state government requiring that a set portion
of all electricity come from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar.
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which wind_mystate, solar_mystate, state_rps_mystate_v2, and subsidy_support_mystate were
asked was rotated.

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subsidy_support_mystate
Label
Support for increasing subsidies for renewable energy in your state
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your state. For each of the following policy options I read please
indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state
adopting that policy as a means of reducing emissions? Your state government increasing subsidies for
renewable energy sources such as wind or solar.
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

carbontax_support_v4
Label
Support for carbon tax
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: I'm going to read off some proposed policies that would help reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. For each idea that I mention please tell me if you strongly support, somewhat support,
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose the proposed ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. First, the
federal government increasing taxes on carbon based fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Would you
strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a tax?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

carbontax_support_epa
Label
Support for carbon tax in exchange for restricting ability of the EPA to regulate GHG

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QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if the carbon tax was passed in exchange for restricting the ability of the
Environmental Protection Agency to set separate regulations on greenhouse gases? Would you strongly
support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

carbontax_revneutral_v4
Label
Support for carbon tax if revenue neutral - annual dividend
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if the carbon tax was “revenue neutral,” meaning every dollar collected
were returned to households through an annual dividend payment? Would you strongly support, somewhat
support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_revneutral_v4 and carbontax_rev4road were asked was rotated. The
variable ORDERQ29_30 indicates in which order the questions were asked.

carbontax_rev4road
Label
Support for carbon tax if revenue put in highway trust fund
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if the revenue from the carbon tax was put into the highway trust fund to
fund improvements to transportation infrastructure? Would you strongly support, somewhat support,
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support

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 2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_revneutral_v4 and carbontax_rev4road were asked was rotated. The
variable ORDERQ29_30 indicates in which order the questions were asked.

carbontax_rev4ee
Label
Support for carbon tax if revenues reinvested in energy efficiency improvements
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in energy efficiency
improvements that help homes and businesses reduce their electricity use? Would you strongly support,
somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_rev4ee and carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2 were asked was rotated. The
variable ORDERQ1_32 indicates in which order the questions were asked.

carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2
Label
Support for carbon tax if revenues reinvested in renewable energy projects
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in renewable energy
projects like solar or wind energy? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or
strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support

25 of 34
 3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which carbontax_rev4ee and carbontax_rev4renewbls_v2 were asked was rotated. The
variable ORDERQ1_32 indicates in which order the questions were asked.

extractiontax_support
Label
Support for fossil fuels extraction tax
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Now I’m interested in your support for a nationwide tax on the companies that
extract fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Would you strongly support, somewhat support,
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such an extraction tax?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

extractiontax_rev4state
Label
Support for fossil fuels extraction tax if revenues returned to state where fuels were extracted
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What if all of the revenue from the fossil fuel extraction tax was returned to the
state where the fuels were extracted? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or
strongly oppose such a system?
1 Strongly support
2 Somewhat support
3 Somewhat oppose
4 Strongly oppose
98 Not sure

26 of 34
 99 Refused
Role
input

renewables_health
Label
Renewable energy helps lower levels of air pollution, improving human health.
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For
each of the following statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree,
somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the statement. Renewable energy helps lower levels of air
pollution, improving human health.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which renewables_health through renewables_stewards were asked was rotated.

renewables_energyindep
Label
Renewable energy helps the United States be less reliant on foreign energy sources.
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For
each of the following statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree,
somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the statement. Renewable energy helps the United States be
less reliant on foreign energy sources.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

27 of 34
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which renewables_health through renewables_stewards were asked was rotated.

renewables_econdev
Label
Renewable energy contributes to economic development for communities such as increased jobs or local
tax revenue.
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For
each of the following statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree,
somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the statement. Renewable energy contributes to economic
development for communities such as increased jobs or local tax revenue.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which renewables_health through renewables_stewards were asked was rotated.

renewables_climate
Label
Renewable energy helps limit climate change.
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For
each of the following statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree,
somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the statement. Renewable energy helps limit climate change.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which renewables_health through renewables_stewards were asked was rotated.

28 of 34
renewables_stewards
Label
Renewable energy helps us be good stewards of God’s creation.
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For
each of the following statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree,
somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with the statement. Renewable energy helps us be good stewards of
God’s creation.
1 Strongly agree
2 Somewhat agree
3 Somewhat disagree
4 Strongly disagree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The order in which renewables_health through renewables_stewards were asked was rotated.

willing2pay_list
Label
How much would you be willing to pay/year for more renewable energy
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: If it required you to pay extra money each year in order for more renewable
energy to be produced, how much would you be willing to pay? Would you be willing to pay…
-9 Not asked - split sample
1 Nothing
2 $1-$50 per year
3 $50-$100 per year
4 $100-$250 per year
5 $250-$500 per year
6 Over $500 per year
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

29 of 34
demog_race
Label
Race
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Finally a few questions about yourself. Which of the following categories best
describes your racial identity? Are you…
1 White/caucasian
2 African-American
3 Hispanic
4 Latino
5 Asian
6 Native American
7 Mixed race
8 Other
9 Hispanic/Latino
10 Mixed race and other
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
In order to protect respondent confidentiality, CLOSUP recoded demog_race as follows:
- 3 “Hispanic” and 4 “Latino” were combined into 9 “Hispanic/Latino”
- 6 “Native American”, 7 “Mixed race”, and 8 “Other” were combined into 10 “Mixed race and
other”.
The original values of demog_race are not available to secondary data users.

demog_relig
Label
Religious affiliation
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Which of the following categories best describes your religious affiliation? Are
you…
1 Protestant
2 Catholic
3 Jewish
4 Muslim

30 of 34
 5 Hindu
6 Other
7 Atheist
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_relig_bible
Label
Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible? [READ LIST]
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the
Bible?
1 The Bible is the actual word of God
2 The Bible is the inspired word of God
3 The Bible is an ancient book of fables
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_relig_media
Label
Hours watching or listening to religious media
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Thinking about religious media, how many hours per week do you watch
religious television programs or listen to religious radio programs, including ones that present news from a
religious perspective?
Type
Text
Role
input

demog_edu
Label
Highest level of education
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: What is your highest level of education?

31 of 34
 1 Less than HS graduate
2 HS Graduate
3 Some college or technical school
4 College graduate
5 Grad or professional degree
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_polparty
Label
Political party affiliation
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Which of the following best describes your political party affiliation?
1 Democrat
2 Republican
3 Other party
4 Independent
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_polviews
Label
Political beliefs: conservative to liberal
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Which of the following best describes your political beliefs?
1 Very conservative
2 Somewhat conservative
3 Moderate
4 Somewhat liberal
5 Very liberal
98 Not sure
99 Refused

32 of 34
Role
input

worldviews_trump
Label
Agreement with Donald Trump on important issues facing the country today
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Thinking about important issues facing the country today, overall, would you say
you tend to agree with Donald Trump on all or nearly all issues, many but not all issues, a few issues, or no
or almost no issues?
1 All or nearly all issues
2 Many but not all issues
3 A few issues
4 No or almost no issues
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

demog_income
Label
Family income
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Which of the following categories best describes your family income? Is it…
1 Less than 20,000
2 20,000-40,000
3 40,000-60,000
4 60,000-80,000
5 80,000-100,000
6 Over 100,000
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

33 of 34
demog_gender_v2
Label
Finally, to which gender identity do you most identify? (READ LIST)
QUESTIONNAIRE TEXT: Finally, to which gender identity do you most identify?
1 Male
2 Female
3 Transgender male
4 Transgender female
5 Do not identify as male or female
6 Other
98 Not sure
99 Refused
Role
input

TIME
Label
Date and time of interview
Representation
Type
Text
Role
input

Weight
Label
Overall Weight
Representation
Numeric
Decimal Positions
2
Role
input
CODEBOOK NOTE:
The data has been weighted by age, race, educational attainment, income and gender.

34 of 34
 Fall 2018 NSEE
(now the National Surveys on Energy and the Environment)
FINAL INSTRUMENT

Hello. My name is ___________________ and I’m a student at Muhlenberg College. We are conducting a
research project regarding environmental issues in the United States. Would you be able to help us by
answering a few questions?

Yes......................1
No.......................2 (Thank and terminate)
Not sure............98 (Thank and terminate)
Refused............99 (Thank and terminate)

Q1. Thank you. Can you please tell me in which year you were born?
(OPEN) ____________________________________________________

Q2. What state do you currently reside in?

(OPEN) ____________________________________________________

4-WAY SPLIT SAMPLE – SAMPLE A & B get Q3-Q4 here; SAMPLE C & D get these questions after
Q17; in both places, randomization of whether they are asked about winter or summer first (SAMPLE
A&C asked summer first; SAMPLE B&D asked winter first)

[SAMPLE A ONLY]
Q3A. In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer? Would you say it
was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q4A. Now thinking back to last winter how would you describe the overall weather in your area. Would you
say the weather last winter was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99
[SAMPLE B ONLY]
Q3B. Thinking back to last winter, how would you describe the overall weather in your area? Would you say it
was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q4B. In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer. Would you say the
weather this past summer was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

(END SPLIT SAMPLE – ALL RESPONDENTS)

Q5. Next, I would like to ask you a few questions on the issue of global warming. From what you’ve read and
heard. Is there solid evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past
four decades?

Yes .…………..…………………...1
No ..…………..…………………...2 (SKIP TO Q16)
Not Sure (Volunteered)…………..98 (SKIP TO Q18 for sample A/B; Q3C/D for others)
Refused (Volunteered)…………...99 (SKIP TO Q18 for sample A/B; Q3C/D for others)

Q6. How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is increasing? Are you very confident, fairly
confident, not too confident or not confident at all that the average temperature on earth is increasing?

Very confident…..………………….1
Fairly confident…..………………....2
Not too confident….………………..3
Not confident at all…………………4
Not Sure (Volunteered)…….……..98
Refused (Volunteered)……………99
Q7. Is the earth getting warmer mostly because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels, or mostly
because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment?

Human activity………………………..…..1 (skip to Q9)

Natural patterns……………………………2 (skip to Q9)
A combination (Volunteered)………...…...3
Not Sure (Volunteered)………………….98 (skip to Q9)
Refused (Volunteered)…………………..99 (skip to Q9)

Q8. I know you say it’s a combination, but if you had to choose, would you say that temperatures on earth are
rising mostly because of human activity or mostly because of natural patterns?

Human activity………………………..…..1
Natural patterns……………………………2
Equal (Volunteered)……………………….3
Not Sure (Volunteered)………………….98
Refused (Volunteered)…………………..99

Q9. In your view is global warming a very serious problem, somewhat serious, not too serious, or not a
problem?

Very serious………………..………1
Somewhat serious……………..…. 2
Not too serious………………..……3
Not a problem…………………..….4
Not Sure (Volunteered)…….……..98
Refused (Volunteered)……..……..99

Q10. What is the primary factor that has caused you to believe that temperatures on earth are increasing?

(OPEN)_____________________________________________________________
Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an effect on your view that the earth
is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has had a very large, somewhat large, not
too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. First, [ROTATED LIST]

Very Somewhat Not Too No Not Sure Refused

Large Large Large Effect (Volunteered) (Volunteered)
Q11. Declining glaciers 1 2 3 4 98 99
and polar ice throughout
the globe
Q12. Warmer 1 2 3 4 98 99
temperatures in your area
during recent years
Q13. The strength of 1 2 3 4 98 99
hurricanes hitting the
United States
Q14. Milder winters in 1 2 3 4 98 99
your area
Q15. Severe droughts in 1 2 3 4 98 99
areas across the United
States

*************************SKIP TO Q18 for sample A/B; Q3C/D for others***********************

ONLY THOSE WHO ANSWERED “NO” IN Q5 (i.e., do not believe temperatures are increasing)

Q16. How confident are you that the average temperatures on earth are NOT increasing? Are you very
confident, fairly confident, not too confident or not confident at all that the average temperature on earth
is NOT increasing?

Very confident ..................................................... 1

Fairly confident .................................................... 2
Not too confident ................................................. 3
Not confident at all .............................................. 4
Not Sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q17. What is the primary factor that makes you believe that temperatures on earth are not increasing?

(OPEN) _________________________________________________________________

***SKIP TO Q18 FOR SAMPLE A/B; SAMPLE C/D CONTINUES WITH Q3C/D***
[SAMPLE C ONLY]
Q3C. In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer? Would you say it
was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q4C. Now thinking back to last winter how would you describe the overall weather in your area. Would you
say the weather last winter was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

[SAMPLE D ONLY]
Q3D. Thinking back to last winter, how would you describe the overall weather in your area? Would you say it
was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q4D. In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer. Would you say the
weather this past summer was:

A LOT warmer than usual ................................... 1

SLIGHTLY warmer than usual ........................... 2
SLIGHTLY cooler than usual.............................. 3
A LOT cooler than usual ..................................... 4
Or about the same as usual? ................................. 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99
 (END SPLIT SAMPLE)
**ALL RESPONDENTS**

Q18.    As you may have heard, parts of North America have recently experienced significant heat waves, flooding, 
wildfires, droughts, and hurricanes.  What role, if any, would you say climate change has played in these extreme 
weather events?  Would you say climate change has played a major role, some role, a minor role, or no role in 
these extreme weather events?
 
Major Role ........................................................... 1
Some Role ............................................................ 2
Minor Role ........................................................... 3
No Role ................................................................ 4
Not Sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Please identify your level of agreement with the following statements. For each statement please indicate if you
strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree. First,

Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Not Sure Refused

Agree Agree Disagree Disagree (Volunteered) (Volunteered)

Q19. If the federal 1 2 3 4 98 99

government fails to address
the issue of global warming it
is my state’s responsibility to
address the problem.
Q20. My state has already 1 2 3 4 98 99
felt negative effects from
global warming.

 
Q21.    In general do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or strongly disapprove of the way 
that President Donald Trump is handling the issue of global warming.
 
Strongly Approve ................................................. 1
Somewhat Approve.............................................. 2
Somewhat Disapprove ......................................... 3
Strongly Disapprove ............................................ 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q22.     In terms of your vote in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Election will a candidate’s position on the issue of global 
warming have a major effect, moderate effect, or no effect on your decision on who to vote for in the upcoming 
congressional election?
 
Major Effect ......................................................... 1
Moderate Effect ................................................... 2
Minor Effect ......................................................... 3
No Effect .............................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99

Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 
your state. For each of the following policy options I read please indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support, 
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state adopting that policy as a means of reducing emissions? First… 
[ROTATED LIST] 
 
  Strongly  Somewhat  Somewhat Strongly  Not  Refused 
Support Support Oppose Oppose Sure  (Vol)
(Vol)

Q23.  Increasing the use of wind energy in  1 2 3 4 98 99
your state.

Q24.  Increasing the use of solar energy in  1 2 3 4 98 99
your state.

Q25. Your state government requiring that a  1 2 3 4 98 99
set portion of all electricity come from 
renewable energy sources such as wind or 
solar.

Q26.  Your state government increasing  1  2  3  4  98  99 

subsidies for renewable energy sources such 
as wind or solar. 
 
 

I'm going to read off some proposed policies that would help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For each idea that I 
mention please tell me if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose the proposed 
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  

Q27.    First, the federal government increasing taxes on carbon based fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.  Would you 
strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a tax? 
Strongly Support .................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
  
Q28.    What if the carbon tax was passed in exchange for restricting the ability of the Environmental Protection Agency 
to set separate regulations on greenhouse gases?  Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat 
oppose, or strongly oppose such a system? 
Strongly Support .................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
 
[ROTATE ITEMS Q29 & 30]  
Q29.    What if the carbon tax was “revenue neutral,” meaning every dollar collected were returned to households 
through an annual dividend payment? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or 
strongly oppose such a system? 
 Strongly Support ................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
Q30.    What if the revenue from the carbon tax was put into the highway trust fund to fund improvements to 
transportation infrastructure?    Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly 
oppose such a system? 
 Strongly Support ................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
[ROTATE ITEMS Q31 & Q32]  
 
Q31.    What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in energy efficiency improvements that help homes and 
businesses reduce their electricity use?  Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or 
strongly oppose such a system? 
 Strongly Support ................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
Q32.    What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in renewable energy projects like solar or wind 
energy?  Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system? 
Strongly Support .................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
 
Q33.    Now I’m interested in your support for a nationwide tax on the companies that extract fossil fuels such as coal, 
oil, and natural gas.  Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such 
an extraction tax? 
Strongly Support .................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
 
Q34.    What if all of the revenue from the fossil fuel extraction tax was returned to the state where the fuels were 
extracted?  Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a 
system? 
Strongly Support .................................................. 1
Somewhat Support ............................................... 2
Somewhat Oppose ............................................... 3
Strongly Oppose .................................................. 4
Not Sure ............................................................... 98
Refused ................................................................ 99
 
 
Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For each of the following
statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly
disagree with the statement. [ROTATED LIST]

Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Not Sure Refused

Agree Agree Disagree Disagree (Volunteered) (Volunteered)
Q35. Renewable energy 1 2 3 4 98 99
helps lower levels of air
pollution, improving human
health.
Q36. Renewable energy 1 2 3 4 98 99
helps the United States be
less reliant on foreign
energy sources.
Q37. Renewable energy 1 2 3 4 98 99
contributes to economic
development for
communities such as
increased jobs or local tax
revenue.
Q38. Renewable energy 1 2 3 4 98 99
helps limit climate change.
Q39. Renewable energy 1 2 3 4 98 99
helps us be good stewards
of God’s creation.
Q40. If it required you to pay extra money each year in order for more renewable energy to be produced, how
much would you be willing to pay? Would you be willing to pay… [READ LIST]

Nothing each year……………………….…1

1 to 50 dollars per year………………….…2
50 to 100 dollars a year……………………3
100 to 250 dollars a year……………….….4
250 to 500 dollars a year……………….….5
Over 500 dollars a year……………………6
Not Sure (Volunteered)………………..…98
Refused (Volunteered)…………………...99

Q41. Finally a few questions about yourself. Which of the following categories best describes your racial
identity? Are you… [READ LIST]

White/Caucasian…………... 1
African-American……….….2
Hispanic..…………………...3
Latino .…………………...…4
Asian………….………….....5
Native American………...….6
Mixed race..……………..….7
Other .………………………8
Not Sure (Volunteered)…...98
Refused (Volunteered)…....99

Q42. Which of the following categories best describes your religious affiliation? Are you… [READ LIST]

Protestant……………………………………....1
Catholic…………………………………….….2
Jewish..………………………………………...3
Muslim .……………………………………..…4
Hindu………….…………………………….....5
Other religion (including agnostic)………...….6
Atheist..…………………………………….….7
Not Sure (Volunteered)……………………....98
Refused (Volunteered)…………………….....99

Q43. Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible? [READ LIST]

The Bible is the actual word of God and is to be taken literally, word for word………1
The Bible is the inspired word of God but not everything in it should be
taken literally, word for word ……………….…………………………………………2
The Bible is an ancient book of fables, legends, history,
and moral precepts recorded by men…………………………………………………...3
Not Sure (Volunteered)……………………………………………………………….98
Refused (Volunteered)…. ……………………………………………………………99
Q44. Thinking about religious media, how many hours per week do you watch religious television programs or
listen to religious radio programs, including ones that present news from a religious perspective?

(Response) ___________

Q45. What is your highest level of education? [READ LIST]

Less than High School Graduate…………………….1

High School Graduate……………………………….2
Some college or technical school……………………3
College graduate……………………………………..4
Graduate or professional degree…………………......5
Not Sure (Volunteered)……………………………...98
Refused (Volunteered)………………………………99

Q46. Which of the following best describes your political party affiliation? [READ LIST]

Democrat……………….…. 1
Republican………….…...….2
Other party..……………..….3
Independent .………….……4
Not Sure (Volunteered)…...98
Refused (Volunteered)…....99

Q47. Which of the following best describes your political beliefs? [READ LIST]

Very Conservative ............................................... 1

Somewhat Conservative....................................... 2
Moderate .............................................................. 3
Somewhat Liberal ................................................ 4
Very Liberal ......................................................... 5
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q48. Thinking about important issues facing the country today, overall, would you say you tend to agree with
Donald Trump on all or nearly all issues, many but not all issues, a few issues, or no or almost no issues?

All or nearly all issues ........................................ 1

Many, but not all issues ...................................... 2
A few issues ........................................................ 3
No or almost no issues ........................................ 4
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99
Q49. Which of the following categories best describes your family income? Is it… [READ LIST]

Less than 20,000………………....1

20,000-40,000……................……2
40,000-60,000……………….…...3
60,000-80,000……................……4
80,000-100,000…………….…….5
Over 100,000………………….…6
Not Sure (Volunteered) ……..…98
Refused (Volunteered)…………99

Q50. What is the zip code of your current residence?

(Response) ___________

Q51. Finally, to which gender identity do you most identify? (READ LIST)

Male…………………………………… ............. 1
Female………………………………………… .. 2
Transgender Male… ............................................ 3
Transgender Female ............................................. 4
Or you do not identify as male or female ........... 5
Other (Vol) ........................................................... 6
Not sure (Volunteered) ........................................ 98
Refused (Volunteered) ......................................... 99

Q52. Would you be interested in doing a follow up survey for this study?

If yes, enter email address here: ______________________________

Thank you for your help with the survey. We appreciate your time.
The National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE)
Fall 2018 Data Tables

Survey Methodology
N 800 (164 Land Line & 636 Cell Phone)
Margin of Error +/-3.4%
Fielding Dates September 18, 2018 - October 19, 2018
AAPOR RR3
7%
Response Rate
Data tables below are weighted by Gender, Age, Race, Income, and Education

Table of Contents

Introduction
1. Respondent's age
2. Respondent's place of residence

Perceptions of Local Weather

3. Temperatures in past summer
4. Temperatures in past winter

Global Warming
5. Belief in global warming
6. Confidence in belief of global warming
7. Cause of global warming
8. Primary cause of global warming
9. Seriousness of global warming
10. Factor that caused belief in global warming
11. Factors that affected view
Declining glaciers and polar ice
Warmer local temperatures
Strength of hurricanes
Milder local winters
Severe US droughts

Doubt in Global Warming

16. Confidence in belief of no global warming

17. Factor that caused belief of no global warming

Extreme Weather
18. Role of climate change in extreme weather events

Global Warming Policy and Politics

19. Agree or disagree
If federal government does not act, it's state responsibility to act
My state has felt effects of global warming
21. Approval of Donald Trump's handling of global warming
22. Effect of candidate's position on global warming on vote in midterm election

Renewable Energy
23. Policy options to reduce emissions
Your state increasing use of wind energy
Your state increasing use of solar energy
Your state requiring energy efficiency standards
Your state requiring renewable energy

Carbon Tax
27. Carbon tax generally
28. If carbon tax passed in exchange for restricting the ability of the EPA to set separate regulations on greenhouse gases?
29. If revenue neutral
30. If revenues used for transportation infrastructure
31. If revenues used for energy efficiency improvements
32. If revenues used for renewable energy projects
33. Support for extraction tax
34. If revenue returned to state
 Attitudes about Renewable Energy
35. Benefits of renewable energy
Helps lower levels of air pollution.
Helps the United States be less reliant on foreign energy sources.
Contributes to economic development for communities.
Helps limit climate change.
Helps us be good stewards of God’s creation.
40. Willingness to pay for more renewable energy

Demographics

41. Racial identity

42. Religious affiliation
43. View about Bible
44. Hours listening to religious media
45. Highest level of education
46. Political party affiliation
47. Political beliefs
48. Agreement with Donald Trump
49. Family income
51. Gender

Hello. My name is _________ and I'm a student at Muhlenberg College. We are conducting a research project
regarding environmental issues in the United States. Would you be able to help us by answering a few
questions?

Q1. Thank you. Can you please tell me in which year you were born? [CODED INTO CATEGORIES]

Total
Thank you. Can you please tell me in which year you were born? 18-29 23%
[CODED INTO CATEGORIES]
30-44 24%
45-64 26%
65 and older 19%
Refused, but stated
8%
they are 18 or over
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q2. What state do you currently reside in? [CODED INTO REGIONS]

Total
What state do you currently reside in? [CODED INTO REGIONS] Northeast 12%
South 33%
Midwest 24%
West 31%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q3. In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this past summer? Would you say it was:

Total
In general how would you describe the overall weather in your area this A lot warmer than
26%
past summer? Would you say it was: usual
Slightly warmer than
26%
usual
Slightly cooler than
usual 10%

A lot cooler than usual 3%

About the same as
31%
usual
Not Sure (Volunteered) 4%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q4. Now thinking back to last winter how would you describe the overall weather in your area. Would you say the
weather last winter was:

Total
Now thinking back to last winter how would you describe the overall A lot warmer than
12%
weather in your area. Would you say the weather last winter was: usual
Slightly warmer than
30%
usual
Slightly cooler than
12%
usual
A lot cooler than usual 7%
About the same as
34%
usual
Not Sure (Volunteered) 5%
N 799

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q5. Next, I would like to ask you a few questions on the issue of global warming. From what you've read and
heard. Is there solid evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past four
decades?

Total
Next, I would like to ask you a few questions on the issue of global Yes 73%
warming. From what you've read and heard. Is there solid evidence that
the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past No 16%
four decades? Not Sure (Volunteered) 12%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q6. How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is increasing? Are you very confident, fairly
confident, not too confident or not confident at all that the average temperature on earth is increasing?

Total
How confident are you that the average temperature on earth is Very Confident 61%
increasing? Are you very confident, fairly confident, not too confident or
not confident at all that the average temperature on earth is increasing? Fairly Confident 30%
(Among those who said there is solid evidence of global warming) Not Too Confident 5%
Not Confident At All 1%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 4%
N 579

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q7. Is the earth getting warmer because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels, or mostly because of
natural patterns in the earth’s environment?

Total
Is the earth getting warmer because of human activity such as burning Human Activity 48%
fossil fuels, or mostly because of natural patterns in the earth’s
environment? (Among those who said there is solid evidence of global Natural Patterns 18%
warming) A Combination
26%
(Volunteered)
Not Sure (Volunteered) 8%
N 577

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q8. I know you say it’s a combination, but if you had to choose, would you say that temperatures on earth are
rising mostly because of human activity or mostly because of natural patterns?
 Total

I know you say it’s a combination, but if you had to choose, would you Human Activity 62%
say that temperatures on earth are rising mostly because of human
activity or mostly because of natural patterns? (Among those who said Natural Patterns 19%
there is solid evidence of global warming) Equal (Volunteered) 14%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 5%
N 150

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q9. In your view is global warming a very serious problem, somewhat serious, not too serious, or not a
problem?

Total
In your view is global warming a very serious problem, somewhat Very Serious 65%
serious, not too serious, or not a problem? (Among those who said there
is solid evidence of global warming) Somewhat Serious 23%
Not Too Serious 6%
Not a Problem 3%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 3%
N 579

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q10. What is the primary factor that has caused you to believe that temperatures on earth are increasing?
[Coded open-end response]

Total
What is the primary factor that has caused you to believe that Declining Glaciers and
9%
temperatures on earth are increasing? (Among those who said there is Polar Ice
solid evidence of global warming) [Coded open-end response]
Warmer Temperatures
24%
Observed
Weather Changes 18%
Scientific
16%
Research/Data
Al Gore's Documentary <1%
Media Coverage 5%
Declining Species 1%
Human Activity 11%
Natural Patterns 2%
Ocean / Sea-level Rise 1%
Religious Factors <1%
Population Growth <1%
Growing Season /
1%
Plants
Not Sure/Other 12%
N 579

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q11-15. Next I would like to read you a list of factors that may or may not have had an effect on your view that
the earth is getting warmer. For each factor that I mention please indicate if it has had a very large, somewhat
large, not too large, or no effect on your view that the earth is getting warmer. [ROTATED LIST]

Warmer
Declining glaciers temperatures in your The strength of Severe droughts in
and polar ice area during recent hurricanes hitting Milder winters in areas across the
throughout the globe years the United States your area United States
Next I would like to read you a list of Very Large 62% 41% 47% 29% 47%
factors that may or may not have had an
effect on your view that the earth is getting Somewhat
25% 38% 27% 33% 28%
warmer. For each factor that I mention Large
please indicate if it has had a very large, Not Too Large 3% 12% 10% 19% 9%
somewhat large, not too large, or no effect
on your view that the earth is getting
warmer.” (Among those who said there is Warmer
solid evidence of global warming) Declining glaciers temperatures in your The strength of Severe droughts in
[ROTATED LIST] and polar ice area during recent hurricanes hitting Milder winters in areas across the
throughout the globe years the United States your area United States
No Effect 5% 6% 8% 13% 7%
Not Sure
4% 3% 9% 6% 8%
(Volunteered)
N 574 579 576 575 574

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q16. How confident are you that the average temperatures on earth are not increasing? Are you very confident,
fairly confident, not too confident, or not confident at all that the average temperature on earth is not increasing?

Total
How confident are you that the average temperatures on earth are not Very Confident 44%
increasing? Are you very confident, fairly confident, not too confident or
not confident at all that the average temperature on earth is not Fairly Confident 29%
increasing? (Among those who said there is not solid evidence of global Not Too Confident 14%
warming)
Not Confident At All 6%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 126

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q17. What is the primary factor that makes you believe that temperatures on earth are not increasing? [Coded
open-end response]

Total
What is the primary factor that makes you believe that temperatures on Personal Observations 33%
earth are not increasing? (Among those who said there is not solid
evidence of global warming) [Coded open-end response] Natural Patterns 30%
Not Enough Evidence 9%
Media has Misled 3%
Evidence Disproves 4%
Religious Factors 2%
Political Factors 3%
No Particular Reason 2%
Not Sure/Other 14%
N 127

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q18. As you may have heard, parts of North America have recently experienced significant heat waves, flooding,
wildfires, droughts, and hurricanes. What role, if any, would you say climate change has played in these extreme
weather events? Would you say climate change has played a major role, some role, a minor role, or no role in
these extreme weather events?

Total
As you may have heard, parts of North America have recently Major Role 43%
experienced significant heat waves, flooding, wildfires, droughts, and
hurricanes. What role, if any, would you say climate change has played Some Role 27%
in these extreme weather events? Would you say climate change has Minor Role 12%
played a major role, some role, a minor role, or no role in these extreme
weather events? No Role 12%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 799

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Please identify your level of agreement with the following statements. For each statement please indicate if you
strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree.

Q19. If the federal government fails to address the issue of global warming it is my state’s responsibility to
address the problem.
 Total
If the federal government fails to address the issue of global warming it is Strongly Agree 36%
my state’s responsibility to address the problem.
Somewhat Agree 30%
Somewhat Oppose 11%
Strongly Oppose 19%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 4%
N 796

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q20. My state has already felt negative effects from global warming.

Total
My state has already felt negative effects from global warming. Strongly Agree 29%
Somewhat Agree 30%
Somewhat Oppose 13%
Strongly Oppose 17%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 10%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q21. In general do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or strongly disapprove of
the way that President Donald Trump is handling the issue of global warming.

Total
In general do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat Strongly Approve 19%
disapprove or strongly disapprove of the way that President Donald
Trump is handling the issue of global warming. Somewhat Approve 13%
Somewhat Disapprove 15%
Strongly Disapprove 40%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 13%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q22. In terms of your vote in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Election will a candidate’s position on the issue of
global warming have a major effect, moderate effect, or no effect on your decision on who to vote for in the
upcoming congressional election?

Total
In terms of your vote in the 2018 Congressional Midterm Election will a Major Effect 30%
candidate’s position on the issue of global warming have a major effect,
moderate effect, or no effect on your decision on who to vote for in the Moderate Effect 30%
upcoming congressional election? Minor Effect 9%
No Effect 28%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 3%
N 794

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Now I would like to ask you a few questions about government policy designed to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions in your state.

Q23-26. For each of the following policy options I read please indicate if you strongly support, somewhat
support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state adopting that policy as a means of reducing
emissions? [ROTATED LIST]
 Your state government
requiring that a set Your state government
portion of all electricity increasing subsidies
Increasing the use of Increasing the use of come from renewable for renewable energy
wind energy in your solar energy in your energy sources such sources such as wind
state. state. as wind or solar. or solar
For each of the following policy options I read please Strongly Support 57% 68% 54% 50%
indicate if you strongly support, somewhat support,
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose your state Somewhat Support 25% 20% 24% 28%
adopting that policy as a means of reducing Somewhat Oppose 5% 4% 6% 6%
emissions? [ROTATED LIST]
Strongly Oppose 6% 5% 12% 10%
Not Sure
7% 3% 4% 7%
(Volunteered)
N 797 795 799 800
*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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I'm going to read off some proposed policies that would help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For each idea
that I mention please tell me if you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose
the proposed ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Q27. First, the federal government increasing taxes on carbon based fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a tax?

Total
First, the federal government increasing taxes on carbon based fuels Strongly Support 22%
such as coal, oil and natural gas. Would you strongly support, somewhat
support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a tax? Somewhat Support 26%
Somewhat Oppose 16%
Strongly Oppose 30%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q28. What if the carbon tax was passed in exchange for restricting the ability of the Environmental Protection
Agency to set separate regulations on greenhouse gases? Would you strongly support, somewhat support,
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?

Total
What if the carbon tax was passed in exchange for restricting the ability Strongly Support 10%
of the Environmental Protection Agency to set separate regulations on
greenhouse gases? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, Somewhat Support 24%
somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system? Somewhat Oppose 19%
Strongly Oppose 25%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 22%
N 799

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q29. What if the carbon tax was “revenue neutral,” meaning every dollar collected were returned to households
through an annual dividend payment? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or
strongly oppose such a system? [ROTATED WITH Q30]

Total
What if the carbon tax was “revenue neutral,” meaning every dollar Strongly Support 35%
collected were returned to households through an annual dividend
payment? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat Somewhat Support 29%
oppose, or strongly oppose such a system? [ROTATED WITH Q30] Somewhat Oppose 10%
Strongly Oppose 15%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 12%
N 799

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q30. What if the revenue from the carbon tax was put into the highway trust fund to fund improvements to
transportation infrastructure? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly
oppose such a system? [ROTATED WITH Q29]

Total
What if the revenue from the carbon tax was put into the highway trust Strongly Support 36%
fund to fund improvements to transportation infrastructure? Would you
strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly Somewhat Support 32%
oppose such a system? [ROTATED WITH Q29] Somewhat Oppose 11%
Strongly Oppose 15%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q31. What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in energy efficiency improvements that help homes
and businesses reduce their electricity use? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose,
or strongly oppose such a system? [ROTATED WITH Q32]

Total
Strongly Support 49%
What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in energy
efficiency improvements that help homes and businesses reduce Somewhat Support 27%
their electricity use? Would you strongly support, somewhat
Somewhat Oppose 6%
support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a system?
[ROTATED WITH Q32] Strongly Oppose 11%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q32. What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in renewable energy projects like solar or wind
energy? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a
system? [ROTATED WITH Q31]

Total
What if the revenue from the carbon tax was reinvested in renewable Strongly Support 51%
energy projects like solar or wind energy? Would you strongly support,
somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a Somewhat Support 25%
system? [ROTATED WITH Q31] Somewhat Oppose 7%
Strongly Oppose 12%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q34. Now I’m interested in your support for a nationwide tax on the companies that extract fossil fuels such as
coal, oil, and natural gas. Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly
oppose such an extraction tax?

Total
Strongly Support 29%
Now I’m interested in your support for a nationwide tax on the
companies that extract fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Somewhat Support 23%
Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose,
Somewhat Oppose 13%
or strongly oppose such an extraction tax?
Strongly Oppose 24%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 10%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q33. What if all of the revenue from the fossil fuel extraction tax was returned to the state where the fuels were
extracted? Would you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose such a
system?

Total
 Total
Strongly Support 29%
What if all of the revenue from the fossil fuel extraction tax was
returned to the state where the fuels were extracted? Would you Somewhat Support 28%
strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose, or strongly
Somewhat Oppose 13%
oppose such a system?
Strongly Oppose 19%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 10%
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q35-39. Next I have a few questions about renewable energy, like solar or wind power. For each of the following
statements I read, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly
disagree with the statement. [ROTATED LIST]

Renewable energy
contributes to
Renewable energy Renewable energy economic
helps lower levels helps the United development for Renewable energy
of air pollution, States be less communities such Renewable energy helps us be good
improving human reliant on foreign as increased jobs or helps limit climate stewards of God’s
health. energy sources. local tax revenue. change. creation.
Next I have a few questions about Strongly Agree 29% 60% 48% 50% 50%
renewable energy, like solar or wind power.
For each of the following statements I read, Somewhat Agree 28% 23% 32% 22% 23%
please tell me whether you strongly agree, Somewhat
somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or 13% 4% 6% 7% 4%
Disagree
strongly disagree with the statement.
[ROTATED LIST] Strongly Disagree 19% 7% 7% 12% 10%
Not Sure
10% 6% 7% 9% 13%
(Volunteered)
N 800 800 799 799 777
*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q40. If it required you to pay extra money each year in order for more renewable energy to be produced, how
much would you be willing to pay? Would you be willing to pay… [READ LIST]

Total
If it required you to pay extra money each year in order for more Nothing each year 30%
renewable energy to be produced, how much would you be willing to
pay? Would you be willing to pay… [READ LIST] 1 to 50 dollars per year 21%
50 to 100 dollars a
18%
year
100 to 250 dollars a
11%
year
250 to 500 dollars a
6%
year
Over 500 dollars a
4%
year
Not Sure (Volunteered) 10%
N 795

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Finally a few questions about yourself.

Q41. Which of the following categories best describes your racial identity? Are you [READ LIST]

Total
Finally a few questions about yourself. Which of the following categories White/Caucasian 60%
best describes your racial identity? Are you [READ LIST]
African-American 11%
Hispanic 11%
Latino 4%
Asian 4%
Native American 1%
 Total
Mixed Race 4%
Other 4%
N 775

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q42. Which of the following categories best describes your religious affiliation? Are you [READ LIST]

Total
Which of the following categories best describes your religious affiliation? Protestant 29%
Are you [READ LIST]
Catholic 25%
Jewish 2%
Muslim 1%
Hindu 1%
Other Religion
32%
(Including Agnostic)
Atheist 6%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 6%
N 769

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q43. Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible?

Total
Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings The Bible is the actual
about the Bible? word of God and is to
32%
be taken literally, word
for word
The Bible is the
inspired word of God
but not everything in it 38%
should be taken
literally, word for word
The Bible is an ancient
book of fables,
legends, history, and 22%
moral precepts
recorded by men
Not Sure (Volunteered) 8%
N 784

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q44. Thinking about religious media, how many hours per week do you watch religious television programs or
listen to religious radio programs, including ones that present news from a religious perspective? [Coded open
end response]

Total
Thinking about religious media, how many hours per week do you watch 0 hours per week 67%
religious television programs or listen to religious radio programs,
including ones that present news from a religious perspective? [Coded 1-6 hours per week 27%
open end response] 7-13 hours per week 3%
14 hours or more per
3%
week
N 800

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q45. What is your highest level of education? [READ LIST]

Total
 Total
What is your highest level of education? [READ LIST] Less Than High School
5%
Graduate
High School Graduate 26%
Some College or
30%
Technical School
College Graduate 25%
Graduate or
14%
Professional Degree
Not Sure (Volunteered) <1%
N 790

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q46. Which of the following best describes your political party affiliation? [READ LIST]

Total
Which of the following best describes your political party affiliation? Democrat 30%
[READ LIST]
Republican 24%
Other Party 7%
Independent 32%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 7%
N n

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q47. Which of the following best describes your political beliefs? [READ LIST]

Total
Which of the following best describes your political beliefs? [READ LIST] Very Conservative 16%
Somewhat
23%
Conservative
Moderate 28%
Somewhat Liberal 15%
Very Liberal 10%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 8%
N 787

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q48. Thinking about important issues facing the country today, overall, would you say you tend to agree with
Donald Trump on all or nearly all issues, many but not all issues, a few issues, or no or almost no issues?

Total
Thinking about important issues facing the country today, overall, would All or nearly all issues 16%
you say you tend to agree with Donald Trump on all or nearly all issues,
many but not all issues, a few issues, or no or almost no issues? Many, but not all
21%
issues
A few issues 23%
No or almost no issues 35%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 4%
N 784

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q49. Which of the following categories best describes your family income? Is it [READ LIST]

Total
Which of the following categories best describes your family income? Is it Less than 20,000 12%
[READ LIST]
 Total
20,000 - 40,000 20%
40,000 - 60,000 18%
60,000 - 80,000 17%
80,000 - 100,000 11%
Over 100,000 18%
Not Sure (Volunteered) 4%
N 724

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Q51. Finally to which gender identity do you most identify? [READ LIST]

Total
Finally to which gender identity do you most identify? [READ LIST] Male 49%
Female 51%
Transgender Male 0%
Transgender Female 0%
You do not identify as
<1%
male or female
Other (Volunteered) <1%
Not sure (Volunteered) 0%
N 798

*Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding within cells.

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Thank you for your help with the survey. We appreciate your time.