ADM 16-1 W16apg

WaveStar ™ ADM16/1
Application and Planning

Guide
8TR730-APG
Version 2
Lucent Technologies — Proprietary Issue February 2000
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Application and Planning Guide
A,
About this document 1
Purpose 1
This Application and Planning Guide provides information about the features,
applications, operation, engineering, support and specifications of the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system. This Application and
Planning Guide is the most recent revised version of the Sapphire release.
The WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 is a high-capacity intelligent multiplexer and transport

system able to multiplex standard PDH and SDH bit rates to a higher level up to
2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16). Because of this wide range in capacity, this system is a
useful element in building efficient and flexible networks.
The WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 system consists of one common hardware platform.
This platform can serve a family of equipment and software configurations
designed to support a particular set of applications.
These applications may be:

■ End terminal functioning at STM-16 level
■ Two-fiber add/drop terminal in rings and linear add/drop applications
■ Hubbing functionality
■ Small cross-connect
■ Broadcasting functionality
■ VC-4-4c concatenation
■ Tributary interface mixing
■ Single ADM for interconnection of STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 rings (ring
closure)
■ Dual node interworking (DNI) with drop & continue.
In this Application and Planning Guide of the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1, all features
are presented up to the Sapphire release.

Version 2, Issue February 2000 A-1

About this document 8TR730-APG
Intended audience 1
This Application and Planning Guide is primarily for network planners and
engineers. However, it is also useful for anyone who needs specific information
about the features, applications, operation and engineering of the WaveStar TM
ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System.

A-2 Version 2 Issue February 2000

How to use this document 1
For general product and release information, refer to Chapters 1, 2, 4 and 5.
For information about Application planning, refer to Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 6.
Persons engineering a system should refer to Chapters 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
This Guide is organized as follows

■ About this document
Describes the purpose, intended audience, and organization of this

document. This section also references other related documentation.
■ Chapter 1, Introduction
This Chapter describes the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1.

■ Chapter 2, Features and Benefits
This chapter briefly describes the Features and Benefits of the

WaveStar TM ADM 16/1. These are described in greater detail in Chapter
3 “Applications”, Chapter 4 “Product Description”, Chapter 5 “Operation,
Administration, and Provisioning”, Chapter 6 “Physical design” as
applicable.
■ Chapter 3, Applications
This chapter describes how the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 platform meets
various needs relating to network-level-specific topologies. In addition, it
describes needs and provided functionality relating to various different
applications such as point-to-point, ring, hubbing, etc.
Also special system versions for applications in combination with other

products of the Lucent Technologies family of SDH products are briefly
discussed.
■ Chapter 4, Description
This chapter describes the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 architecture. After an

introduction of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 platform, the system control,
transmission, synchronization, protection and powering are described
down to circuit pack level.
■ Chapter 5, Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
This chapter defines the “maintenance philosophy” outlining the various

features available to monitor and maintain the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1.
■ Chapter 6, Cross-Product Interworking

Version 2 Issue February 2000 A-3

This chapter briefly describes the interworking between the WaveStar TM

ADM 16/1 and other products of Lucent Technologies’ SDH product
family.
■ Chapter 7, Physical Design
This chapter describes the physical design, subrack, rack layouts and the
connector panels of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1.
■ Chapter 8, System Planning and Engineering
This chapter summarizes descriptive information used with the application

information to plan procurement deployment of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1.
■ Chapter 9, Technical Data
This chapter lists the detailed technical specifications for the WaveStar TM
ADM 16/1.
■ Chapter 10, Quality and Reliability
This chapter describes Lucent Technologies’ quality policy and describes

the reliability of the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 in different configurations.
■ Chapter 11, Product Support
This chapter describes how Lucent Technologies supports the WaveStar TM

ADM 16/1. This includes information about engineering and installation
services, technical support, documentation support, and training.
■ Chapter 12, Glossary
This chapter lists in alphabetic order all the terms and acronyms used in
the Application and Planning Guide.


Differences between release 2.0 and 3.0

& 3.1 (Sapphire 2 & Sapphire 3) 1
1. STM-4 optical short-haul interface (S -4.1)

2. DS-1 interface with TU-12/VC-4 mapping, with 1:8 equipment protection
3. Broadcast connection types VC-n
4. OLS 400G interworking with compatible optics
5. Interworking with the WaveStar™ Band Width Manager
6. HO-SNCP on line and trib-side
7. Selective MS-SPRing
8. Dual node interworking with drop & continue between lower order SNCP
and MS-SPRing on 2 nodes
9. Dual node interworking with drop & continue between two MS-SPRing
10. In-service upgrade of MS-SPRing ring to MS-SPRing with dual node
interworking
11. Dual node interworking to support VC-4-4c concatenation
12. Cascading of protection schemes in one network element
13. VC-4-4c concatenation
14. 1+1 MSP (annex A / Annex B) on STM-4
15. DCC support on STM-4
16. MDO & MDI management
17. Severity setting for alarms on each TP instance
18. Performance monitoring enhancements: - bi-directional performance
monitoring (24 hour bins)
19. Performance monitoring enhancements: - unavailable period stage (UAP)
20. Analog parameter report
21. Support of J0 byte
22. Fault-monitoring of NIMs (independent from SNC/N) on VC-4’s
23. Bi-directional performance monitoring on trail termination points of RS-16,
MS-4, MS-1, MS-0 and VC-3
24. Power distribution panel
25. Loopbacks on MSP protected STM-N
26. Improved frequency offset handling
27. IS-IS partition repair & stack alarms
28. STM-4 optical long-haul interface + 6dB extra (L-4.2)

Version 2 Issue February 2000 A-5

29. STM-1 optical long-haul interface (L-1.2)

30. Booster based on V-16.2
31. Ethernet connection, supporting 10 Mbit/s BASE-T.


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Contents
1 About this document 1

■ Purpose 1
■ Intended audience 2
■ How to use this document 3
■ Differences between release 2.0 and 3.0 & 3.1 (Sapphire 2 & Sapphire 3)
5
1 Introduction 1
■ The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1
Multiplexer and Transport System 1
■ Applications 3
■ Concise System Description 4
2 Features and Benefits 1

■ Overview 1
■ Standards Compliance 2
■ Features and Benefits 3
3 Applications 1
■ Overview 1
■ STM-16 Point-to-Point (End) Terminal Application 2
■ STM-16 two fiber Add/Drop Terminal
in linear applications and rings 4
■ Hubbing functionality 8
■ Small cross-connect 9
■ Broadcasting functionality 10
■ Payload Concatenation 11
■ Tributary interface mixing 12
■ Ring Closure: Single ADM interconnecting

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STM-16 and STM-1/4 rings 13

■ Dual Node Interworking 14
4 Description 1
■ Overview 1
■ Introduction 2
■ Basic WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 Architecture 3
■ Shelf Complements 7
■ Paddle boards 8
■ Circuit packs 10
■ Timing and Synchronization 17
■ Redundancy and Protection 22
5 Operations Administration Maintenance and Provisioning1

■ Overview 1
■ Operations 2
■ Administration 9
■ Maintenance 12
■ Provisioning 15
6 Cross-Product Interworking 1
■ Overview 1
■ Lucent Technologies SDH Product Family 2
■ Network systems 4
■ Network Management Systems 11
7 Physical design 1
■ Introduction 1

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■ The Subrack 2
■ The printed circuit boards 4
■ The dual WDM unit 5
■ The interconnection box 6
■ Face plates for front access units 8
■ ETSI compliant racks 600x600 mm 9
■ Horizontal Connector Plate 10
■ Fiber Connector Conversion Kit 11
■ Improved in rack fiber guidance 12
■ Cabling 13
8 System Planning and Engineering 1

■ Overview 1
■ Network Planning 2
■ Network Synchronization 3
■ WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System
Planning and Engineering 5
■ Paddle boards (electrical interfaces) 16
■ Configurations 18
9 Technical Data 1
■ Overview 1
■ Optical interfaces 2
■ Electrical interfaces 3
■ Optical connector interface 4
■ Optical source and detector 5
■ Optical safety 6
■ Optical power budgets 7
■ Power specification 11
■ Dimensions 13
■ System weight 14
■ Electrical connectors 15

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■ Environmental specifications 16
■ General ITU recommendations 18
■ Mapping structure 19
■ Electrical interfaces 20
■ Operations system interfaces 21
■ Customer data interfaces 22
■ Timing and network synchronization 23
■ Transmission performance 24
■ Performance monitoring 25
■ Network element configurations 26
■ OAM&P 27
■ Network management 28
■ Bandwidth management 29
■ Protection and redundancy 30
■ Timing reference 31
■ Overhead bytes processing 32
■ Supervision and Alarms 35
10 Quality and Reliability 1

■ Overview 1
■ Lucent Technologies’ Quality Policy 2
■ Environmental aspects 3
■ Reliability program 5
■ Reliability specifications 6
■ Maintainability Specification 10
11 Product Support 1
■ Overview 1
■ Introduction 2
■ Engineering and Installation Services 3
■ Training 4
■ WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Customer Documentation 6

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GL Glossary 1

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vi Version 2 Issue February 2000

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1
Introduction 1
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1

Multiplexer and Transport System 1
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is a high-capacity Multiplexer and Transport system

able to multiplex standard PDH and SDH bit rates to a higher level up to 2.5 Gbit/
s (STM-16). Because of its wide range in capacity, this system is a useful element
in building efficient and flexible networks.
The main strengths of the product are:

■ Massive Add/Drop capacity: up to 504x 1.5 Mbit/s, 504 x 2 Mbit/s, 48 x 34
Mbit/s, 96 x STM-0, 96 x 45 Mbit/s, 32 x STM-1, 32 x 140 Mbit/s or 8 x
STM-4 (possible to drop directly from the STM-16 level)
■ Compact design
■ Easy installation and maintenance
■ Flexibility in applications and protection capabilities.
These features make the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 one of the most cost-effective,
future-proof and flexible network elements available on the market today.
Although the system has primarily been designed for STM-16 applications, it can
also be used in STM-4 and STM-1 networks.
Various protection mechanisms are supported by the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1,

such as:
■ Multiplex Section Protection or MSP
■ Path protection or SNCP/N (Sub Network Connection Protection with Non
Intrusive Monitoring) for higher- and lower order VCs
■ Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring or MS SPRing at STM-16 level
■ Dual Node Interconnection (DNI) with drop and continue
Like all network elements of Lucent Technologies SDH product portfolio, the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is managed by Lucent Technologies Integrated Transport
Management (ITM) system, a user-friendly network and element-level
management system.

Version 2 Issue February 2000 1-1

Introduction 8TR730-APG
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is a third-generation SDH transport system. This

system can be deployed together with other Lucent Technologies 1st and 2nd
generation SDH products, today and in the future. This makes the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1 one of the main building blocks of today’s and future SDH networks.

1-2 Version 2 Issue February 2000

Applications 1
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be applied in all three Tiers of a network: Access,
Regional and Backbone, although its main applications can be found at Regional
and Backbone level. The system allows for growth and changing service needs by
supporting in-service conversions and upgrades. Inherent to its basic design, the
system operates equally well within fully synchronous as well as a-synchronous
environments and provides a flexible link between the two.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports a large variety of configurations for various
network applications:
■ Terminal system working at STM-16, STM-4 or STM-1 level in linear
applications
■ Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) system working at STM-16, STM-4 or STM-1
level in rings or linear chains.
■ STM-16 or STM-4 HUB terminal used for hubbing
■ Small cross-connect system
■ Dual node interworking with drop and continue.
Main applications of the system:

■ Grooming of lower order traffic in a ring
■ Path protected rings
■ Ring closure network element
■ ADM in MS-SPRing protected STM-16 rings.


Concise System Description 1
A big step forward in technology resulted in this very flexible product. Because of
the high level of integration at circuit-pack level, it is possible to Add/Drop up to
504x 1.5 Mbit/s, 504 x 2 Mbit/s, 48 x 34 Mbit/s, 96 x STM-0, 96 x 45 Mbit/s, 32 x
STM-1, 32 x 140 Mbit/s or 8 x STM-4 using only one subrack.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is a multiplexer and transport system that multiplexes
a broad range of plesiochronous and synchronous signals into 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-
16), 620 Mbit/s (STM-4) or 155 Mbit/s (STM-1). The method used to map
Interface signals complies with the AU-4 mapping procedure specified by ITU-T. A
special circuit pack is available that supports AU-3 mapping for some interface
signals.
The system can be used as an add/drop multiplexer, terminal multiplexer or small

local cross-connect (see Chapter 4). It provides built-in cross-connect facilities
and flexible interface circuit packs. Local and remote management and control
facilities are provided via the Q and F-interfaces and the Embedded
Communication Channels. The cross-connect circuit pack is the core of the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system.
An outline of the basic WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 architecture is given in Figure 1-1.
ITM
Power & 1.5 Mbit/s
Timing
Booster 2 Mbit/s
STM-16 System
Booster pre- EML Control
34 Mbit/s
Amplifier
STM-16
Cross- 34 / 45
Mbit/s
connect
EML for
OLS 80G
VC 4/3/12 STM-0
EML for STM-1

OLS 400G IP over 140 Mbit/s
SDH
STM-4
Figure 1-1. Basic architecture WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System


Cross-connect 1
The cross-connect is the core of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system. The cross-
connect circuit pack functionally consists of two parts: a higher and a lower order
cross-connect, although physically the cross-connect circuit pack is a single circuit
pack.
The higher order cross-connect switches VC-4s and its capacity is 64 x 64. Other
functions of the higher order cross-connect are: VC-4 SNC protection switching,
MS SPRing protection, MSP, equipment protection (see Chapter 2 for detailed
explanations of mentioned protection mechanisms), non-intrusive monitoring of
VC-4s and broadcasting.
The lower order cross-connect switches/grooms VC-3 and VC-12s and its
capacity currently ranges up to 2016 x 2016 VC-12s equivalents or 32 x 32 VC-4s.
Other functions of the lower order cross-connect are: lower order SNCP
protection, non-intrusive monitoring of lower order-VCs and lower order
broadcasting.
Tributary and line interfaces circuit packs are directly connected to the higher
order cross-connect via STM-1 equivalent signals.
Higher order and lower order cross-connect parts are interconnected via an
internal cross-connect-bus of 32 bi-directional VC-4s wide. The lower order cross-
connect itself is uni-directional, although traffic is switched/protected bi-
directionally.
Higher order VC-4s arriving from line or tributary circuit packs need only to be
routed through the lower order matrix, if the lower order VC content needs to be
groomed. Otherwise, the VC-4 can be routed through the higher order cross-
connect only!
Flexible routing and cross-connecting of VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 between line port
⇔ line port, Line port ⇔ tributary port and tributary port ⇔ tributary port is
possible.
The system architecture makes it possible to use an interface circuit pack in

almost any other slot position, hence the system becomes very flexible. A broad
range of applications can be served with the same shelf based on a common
software platform.
To contribute to overall system reliability and availability, the cross-connect circuit

pack can be 1 + 1 equipment protected by an accompanying circuit pack.
By simply exchanging the cross-connect circuit pack in the future, it will be

possible to enhance the system’s lower order, and thus the total cross-connect
capacity substantially. Future cross-connect upgrade possible to 64 x 64 lower
order cross-connect capacity.


Fixed cross-connect 1
The fixed cross-connection unit replaces the (working) cross-connect unit to

provide a 0:1 or 0:2 terminal configuration, in which the (16) VC-4s of four tributary
units are routed towards one line port unit and the (16) VC-4s of four other
tributaries are routed towards the other line port unit.
Interface circuit packs 1
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports a large variety of Interface circuit packs: 1.5,
2, 34/45, 51.8,140/155, 622 Mbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s are the bit-rates that are
supported. A special interface, working with 10 Mbit/s BASE-T fits within a
tributary slot. If required, interface redundancy can be provided. For details of
these circuit packs, please refer to ‘circuit packs’ described in Chapter 4.
System control and network management 1
The system controller (SC) controls and provisions all circuit packs via a local
LAN bus. The SC also provides the external operations interfaces for office
alarms, miscellaneous discretes and connections to the overhead channels (a
maximum of six overhead bytes may be selected to be connected to six
connectors on the interconnection box (ICB)).
The SC also facilitates first line maintenance by several LEDs and buttons on the
front panel. General status and alarm information is displayed. Various controls
and an F-interface connector, for a local maintenance PC (ITM-CIT), are also
located on this panel.
The SC communicates with the centralized management system (ITM-SC and

ITM-NM).
A part of the SC, routing management information between SDH equipment and
the element management system, is called data packet switch (DPS).
Communication is established via so-called data communication channels (= D1-
3/D4-12 bytes) (DCC), within the STM-N section overhead signals or via one of
the Q-interfaces of the system. Information destined for the local system is routed
to the System Controller, while other information is routed from the node via the
appropriate embedded channels of the STM-N line or tributary signals.
The ITM-SC manages the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 at the element level and the
ITM-NM manages the system at the Network Level. The ITM-Craft interface
terminal (ITM-CIT) can be used for managing single network demands and for
maintenance.
Power and Timing 1
In addition to the transmission and control functions briefly described above, the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be equipped with one or two power and timing circuit


packs (PT). These power and timing circuit packs provide power and timing to the
system. To contribute to the overall system reliability and availability, the power
and timing circuit pack can be 1 + 1 equipment protected by an accompanying
circuit pack.
Power 1
A basic function of the PT circuit pack is to filter and stabilize the incoming station
power to meet the necessary ETSI requirements. The basic power distribution
philosophy throughout the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is to equip each circuit pack
with on-board DC/DC converters that convert the secondary (station battery)
voltage to the voltages required for each circuit pack. The power feed from the
station battery voltage is maintained duplicated throughout the system’s
backplane.
Timing 1
Another basic function of the PT is system timing. The local oscillator, also called
the SDH Equipment Clock (SEC), can be synchronized to one of the user-
selectable timing references. There are two types of PT circuit packs available:
one so-called standard PT with a standard holdover stability and one with a more
accurate holdover stability frequency; Stratum-3 (see circuit packs in Chapter 4
for more details).




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2
Features and Benefits 2
Overview 2
This chapter briefly describes the features and benefits of the WaveStar™ ADM
16/1. These features are further described in Chapter 3, “Applications”, Chapter 4,
“Product Description” and Chapter 5, “Operation, Administration, Maintenance
and Provisioning” as applicable.


Features and Benefits 8TR730-APG
Standards Compliance 2
Lucent Technologies SDH products comply with the relevant SDH ETSI and ITU-T
standards. Important functions defined in SDH Standards such as the data
communications Channel (DCC), the associated 7-layer OSI protocol stack, the
SDH multiplexing structure and the Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions are implemented in the Lucent Technologies
product family.
Jitter standards are also incorporated, guaranteeing a smooth interworking

between PDH and SDH based networks. The full benefits of the SDH Standards
are provided while preserving the integrity of the existing plesiochronous network.
Lucent Technologies is closely involved in various study groups with ITU-T and
ETSI that focus on creating and maintaining the latest global SDH standards. The
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 complies with all relevant ETSI and ITU-T standards and
is kept up to date according to the latest standards.


Features and Benefits 2
One of the main features of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is its ability to add/drop
and flexibly cross-connect 2 Mbit/s directly from the STM-16 level (ADM 16/1).
Other signals that can be add/dropped are: 1.5 (DS-1), 34 (E3), 45 (DS-3), 51.8
(STM-0), 140 (E4), 155 (STM-1), 620 Mbit/s (STM-4)and ML-ppp (Ethernet).
Summary of main Features and Benefits:
Described in this Chapter:

■ Protection mechanisms supported: MS SPRing, higher order & lower order
SNC/N, MSP, Dual Node Interworking (DNI).
■ Synchronization and Timing:
■ Support of ETSI synchronization message protocol (Timing Marker)
■ Support of various synchronization modes, including 2 Mbit/s
tributary timing.
■ AU-4 / TU-3 to AU-3, conversion on STM 1 and STM-4
■ Integrated optical booster and pre-amplifier
■ Remote maintenance and management by Lucent Technologies ITM
network management system (ITM-SC and ITM-NM)
■ Installation practice.
Described in Chapter 3, Applications:

■ Single product platform for STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1 applications
■ Single network element for interconnection of STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1
rings.
Described in Chapter 4, System Description:

■ Equipment redundancy (all electrical interfaces, cross-connect, line port
unit and power and timing unit).
■ Maximum Add/Drop capacity per shelf.VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 Bi-
directional cross-connect capability
■ 0:1 and 0:2 terminal application with fixed cross-connect
■ Full Time Slot Assignment (TSA) for port interface signals and Time Slot
Interchange (TSI) for through-channels
■ Mixing/Grooming of various payload types.


Protection mechanisms 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system provides the
following types of network level automatic transmission protection:
■ Point-to-Point Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
A 1+1 MSP protection relation can be set up between a pair of STM-0

optical tributary interfaces. The applied protocol is according to ITU-T
Recommendation G.841/Annex B, supporting non-revertive operation with
bi-directional control.
A 1+1 MSP protection relation can be set up between a pair of STM-1 or

STM-4 optical tributary interfaces. The applied protocol can be selected per
interface according to G.841/clause 7 or to G.841/Annex B. In the former
mode it supports both revertive and non-revertive operation and both uni-
directional and bi-directional control. In the latter case it supports non-
revertive operation with bi-directional control. In addition, for these
interface types interworking with SONET type MSP is supported in non-
revertive opeartion with uni-directional control.
A 1+1 MSP protection relation can be set up between the STM-16

aggregate interfaces. The applied protocol is according to G.841/clause 7 .
It supports both revertive and non-revertive operation and both uni-
directional and bi-directional control.
See also Chapter 3.

■ VC-n SNC/N protection switching.
Sub-network connection protection switching is selectable per VC using

non-intrusive monitoring (SNC/N). This protection switching facility is non-
revertive.
The VC-n SNC protection scheme is in essence a 1+1 point-to-point

protection mechanism. The head end is dual fed (permanently bridged)
and the tail end is switched. The switching criteria at the tail end are
determined from the server layer defects in combination with the non-
intrusive monitoring information.
SNC protection can be applied per individual VC-pair, for lower-order VCs
the total number of VCs that can be SNC protected is limited only by the
lower order cross-connect size (See Chapter 5).
SNC/N protects against:

■ Server failures
■ Open matrix connections (“unequipped signal”)
■ An excessive number of bit errors (“signal degrade”)
■ Misconnections (“trail trace identifier mismatch”).


■ Multiplex section shared protection ring protocol (MS-SPRing)
In two fiber add/drop ring applications, the VC-4s on the STM-16 ring can
be protected by the MS-SPRing protection mechanism. Rings protected by
MS-SPRing can have a maximum of 16 nodes. Within STM-16 MS-
SPRing, channel #1 is protected by channel #9, #2 by #10, etc. upto #8
protected by #16. Each channel can be included in or excluded from the
MS-SPRing protection mechanism. Access to the protection channel
capacity for “extra, low-priority traffic” is supported.
■ Dual node interworking (DNI) with drop and continue (D&C).
The DNI with D&C scheme protects the interconnection between two
subnetworks within which the traffic is already protected by a network
protection scheme. The advantage of using DNI protection in a network is
that there are no single point of failures anymore.
DNI is supported in the following cases:

■ between two MS-SPRing protected STM-16 rings.
■ between a MS-SPRing STM-16 ring and a lower order SNCP
protected subnetwork.
In the Sapphire release, sub-networks without DNI protected

interconnections can be upgraded in-service to have DNI protected
interconnections.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports the cascading of two protection schemes in
one network element without needing multiple passes through cross-connects.
The following schemes are cascadable:
■ MS-SPRing or MSP on aggregates and MSP on tributaries
■ MS-SPRing or MSP on aggregates and LO-SNCP or HO-SNCP.
■ MSP on tributaries and LO-SNCP or HO-SNCP
■ Two SNCP schemes on the same or different VC-n level.
Synchronization and Timing 2
Several synchronization configurations can be used, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1

can be provisioned for:
■ Free-running operation
■ Hold-over mode
■ Locked mode, internal SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) locked to:
■ One of the external sync inputs (2048 kHz or 2048 kbit/s)
■ One of the 2 Mbit/s tributary signals
■ One of the STM-N inputs (line or tributary port).


The user can select the external synchronization output to be locked to a suitable
input signal independently of the selection made for the internal oscillator.
Frequency Offset Handling 2

By comparing the frequencies of all assigned references with the frequencies of
the internal oscillator on both timing units, it can be decided, in case an excessive
frequency difference is detected, whether a reference is off-frequency on the
internal oscillator of one of the timing units. In that case that unit is declared failed.
Timing Reference protection 2
The external timing references are non-revertively 1+1 protected. The external
timing references can also operate unprotected.
Timing Mode protection 2
If the primary timing reference fails, the system will automatically switch over to
the holdover mode. The synchronization status message is supported which
enables timing reference priority settings and gives information about the timing-
signal quality.
Synchronization Status Message support 2
A timing marker or synchronization status massage (SSM) signal can be used to

transfer the signal quality level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all
network elements are always synchronized to the highest quality clock available.
On the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system the SSM algorithm or timing marker is
supported according to G.781. SSM is supported on all STM-N interfaces and on
the 2 Mbit/s synchronization output signal (connected to the station output clock).
2 Mbit/s tributary retiming 2
The user can choose for individual 2 Mbit/s tributary outputs to operate “self-
timed” or “re-synchronized”. In the (standard) self-timed mode, the phase of the
outgoing signal is a moving average of the phase of the 2 Mbit/s signal as it is
embedded in the VC-12 that is disassembled. In the re-synchronized mode the
2 Mbit/s signal is timed by the SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) of the network
element; phase differences between the local clock and the 2 Mbit/s embedded in
the VC-12 to be disassembled are accommodated by a slip-buffer.
There is an option that whenever the traceability of the local clock drops below a
certain threshold; the re-timing 2 Mbit/s interfaces automatically switch to self-
timing and vice-versa when the fail condition disappears, without hits in the traffic.


AU-3 / TU-3 conversion 2
An adapter circuit pack (named SA-1/4B) is available for supporting the

connection of STM-1 optical, AU-3 structured, signals to the WaveStar™ ADM 16/
1 system. A maximum of four STM-1 optical signals is supported per circuit pack.
Because the cross-connect supports AU-4 structured signals, a translation from

AU-3 to TU-3s needs to take place. This functionality is located on the circuit
pack. Besides AU-3 to TU-3 translating mode this converter card can also operate
in the AU-4 mode. The circuit pack fits into a single freely selectable tributary slot
of the system.
This circuit pack can function in either mode, depending on the traffic type on the
tributary interface (AU-3 or AU-4 based) and the cross-connect circuit pack.
A converter circuit pack (named SA-0/12) is available supporting connection of

STM-0 optical, AU-3 structured signals to AU-4 structured signals needed by the
cross-connect of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system. A maximum of twelve STM-0
optical signals is supported per circuit pack.
Integrated optical booster and booster pre-

amplifier 2
For ultra long distance applications (160 km per ITU-T G.692 U-16.2/3) an optical
booster and a pre-amplifier must be connected to the STM-16 optical interface.
For very long distance(120 km) a booster-only pack can be used. A combined
optical booster and booster pre-amplifier circuit pack uses one of the slots
reserved for the Interface circuit packs (see Chapter 8).
Remote maintenance, management and control

by Lucent Technologies Integrated Transport
Management (ITM) 2
Two-Tier Maintenance 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System maintenance procedures are built on two
levels of system information and control. The first maintenance Tier consists of
the user panel display (LEDs) and push buttons (all on the front of the system
controller), and the circuit pack faceplate light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These
allow most typical maintenance tasks to be performed without the ITM-Craft
Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT) or element manager (ITM-SC).
The second maintenance tier employs the Lucent Technologies ITM family.
Detailed information and system control are obtained by using the ITM-CIT (Craft
Interface Terminal), which supports provisioning, maintenance and configuration
on a local basis. A similar facility is (via a Q-LAN connection or via the DCC
channels) remotely available on the element manager, the ITM-SC, which


provides a centralized maintenance view and supports maintenance activities

from a central location.
At network level (customer’s network management center), Lucent Technologies’

ITM-NM system performs all the tasks necessary to supervise, operate, control
and maintain an SDH network with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.


Operations Interfaces 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer System offers a wide range of operations
interfaces to meet the needs of an evolving operations system (OS) network. The
operation interfaces include:
■ Office Alarm Interfaces:
This interface provides a set of discrete relays that control office audible
and visible alarms.
■ User-settable miscellaneous discrete interfaces:
This interface provides 8 user-selectable miscellaneous discrete inputs and

8 control outputs. These miscellaneous discrete inputs and outputs can be
used to read the status of external alarm points and to drive external
devices.
■ Two local workstation F interfaces:
Two F interfaces are provided, one at the front (on the faceplate of the SC)
and one at the rear of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. These interfaces provide
operation access for a PC-based workstation also known as a Craft
Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT). It can be operated by a crafts person working
in front of the system or at the rear, but not at the same time.
■ Q interfaces
The Q-interfaces enable network-oriented communication between

WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 systems and the element / network Manager. This
interface uses a Qx interface protocol compliant with ITU-T
recommendation G.773-CLNS1 to provide the capability for remote
management via the data communication channels (DCC).
Two types of Q interface are available:

■ Q LAN 10 base T (Twisted Pair Ethernet, for twisted pair cables)
■ Q LAN 10 base 2 (Thin Ethernet or CheaperNet, for 2 coaxial
cables)
Single-Ended Operations by ITM-SC 2
The ITM-SC Element Manager provides single-ended operations capability by

remotely accessing all the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 systems in a network from a
single location. Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning can be
performed on a centralized location.
Local and Remote Software Upgrades 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System provides the capability to upgrade the system
software in service without requiring any control circuit pack changes. The system
monitoring and control are fully functional during the software download. Software


is downloaded locally using the local ITM-CIT or remotely from the element
manager via the Data Communication Channel (DCC).
Local and Remote Inventory capabilities 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System provides automatic version recognition of all
hardware and software installed in the system. Circuit pack types and circuit pack
codes (‘comcodes’) are accessible via the local ITM-CIT or via the ITM-SC
Element Manager. This greatly simplifies troubleshooting, dispatch decisions, and
inventory audits.
Installation practice 2
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is housed in a self-supporting single-row shelf to fit in

standard ETSI racks of 600 mm depth and width. A maximum two WaveStar™
ADM 16/1 shelves fit in one 2200 mm high ETSI rack cabinet (HxWxD = 2200 x
600 x 600 mm), 2600 mm high ETSI rack cabinet (HxWxD=2600 x 600 x 600) or
2000 mm earthquake-proof rack cabinet (HxWxD=2000 x 600 x 600). The
dimensions of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 shelf are: 750 x 500 x 545 (HxWxD)
mm.
Installation restrictions can be found in Chapter 7 (cabling the WaveStar™ ADM

16/1).


8TR730-APG
3
Applications 3
Overview 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is a single, highly flexible product that supports a
variety of STM-16 network applications.
Based on its flexibility with regard to Interface circuit packs and cross-connect
capabilities (see Chapter 4) the system supports a wide range of applications for
bandwidth access, service-on-demand and network protection.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be applied in all three tiers of a network, that is:
Access, Regional and Backbone. The system allows for growth and changing
service needs by supporting in-service conversions and upgrades. Inherent to its
basic design, the system operates equally well within fully synchronous as a-
synchronous environments and provides a flexible link between the two.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports a large variety of configurations for various
network applications:
■ STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 point-to-point (end) terminal connections. Options
are: 0x1 terminal with no line protection and 1+1 MSP line-protected
terminal
■ STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 two fiber add/drop terminal in linear applications
and rings
■ Hubbing functionality
■ Small cross-connect
■ Tributary interface mixing
■ Single ADM for interconnection of STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1 rings (ring
closure)
■ Dual node interworking (DNI) with drop & continue.


Applications 8TR730-APG
STM-16 Point-to-Point (End) Terminal

Application 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System can be configured
to provide an STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 point-to-point application (see figure 3-1).
CENTRAL OFFICE CENTRAL OFFICE

End Terminal End Terminal
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1

Regenerator
Figure 3-1. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 0 x 1 End Terminal STM-16 Point-to-Point

Application
The STM-16, STM-4 or STM-1 point-to-point application is served by two 0x1 end
terminals (Each terminal one transmit/receive circuit pack).
The regenerator (SLM-16 or PHASE LR-16) can be used to increase the distance
between the terminals. The regenerators can be maintained through the end
terminals at either span or through a modem at the repeater side. To span longer
distances without using the Regenerators in intermediate nodes, the user can
also make use of the in-shelf optical booster/pre-amplifiers available for the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1
CENTRAL OFFICE CENTRAL OFFICE

End Terminal Cable Path A End Terminal
Service
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
Cable Path B
Protection
Regenerator
Figure 3-2. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 1+1 MSP Protected End Terminal, STM-16
Point-to-Point Application


The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System can be configured
to provide an STM-N (N=16, 4, 1) 1+1 MSP protected point-to-point application
(see figure 3-2).
The STM-N (N=16, 4,1) 1+1 MSP point-to-point application is served by two
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 end terminals. These terminals are equipped with each
two STM-N lines, one for service and one for protection. Each STM-N line consist
of a pair of single mode fibers (one transmit, one receive).
The system uses revertive or non-revertive protection switching, this means:

■ In revertive operation, the traffic is switched from the working to the
protection line if a fault occurs. In this case low priority traffic, if connected,
is automatically switched off. When the fault clears, the traffic is
automatically switched back (revertive) to the working line.
■ In non-revertive operations the traffic is switched from the working to the
protection line, if a fault occurs. In this case low priority traffic, if connected,
is automatically switched off. When the fault clears, the traffic is not
automatically switched back (non- revertive reverts) to the working line.


STM-16 two fiber Add/Drop Terminal

in linear applications and rings 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 two fiber add/drop terminal is a flexible product that
can be used for ring and non-ring applications, for example point-to-point linear
applications. Linear applications can be ‘upgraded’ to conventional rings.
ADM-16 in Linear applications 3
Figure 3-3 shows the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 add/drop terminal used in a linear
application. Both end-nodes are WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 systems functioning as a
0x1 Terminal and the two intermediate nodes are ADMs. There is no route
diversity.
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
Figure 3-3. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Linear Add/Drop Application
Folded or collapsed rings 3
Folded rings are rings without fiber diversity. This is in fact a linear application of
the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. The terminology derives from the image of folding a
ring into a linear segment.
Folded or collapsed rings can be created by using the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
Sometimes this configuration is also called a ‘flattened ring’
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
Figure 3-4. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 ‘Folded or Collapsed Ring’ Application
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 two fiber add/drop terminals enable the user to use
folded rings in a variety of “non-ring” applications, such as linear add/drop


topologies. Folded rings provide flexibility and can help evolve the network into a
fully (conventional) ring configuration.
In the folded-ring configuration shown in figure 3-4, terminals are placed at

adjacent nodes, and the end nodes are connected together across the whole
network.
In a folded ring, all facilities are run in the same path, for example, a cable sheath
between the nodes. Therefore, in the case of a facility or node failure, nodes on
each side of the failure are isolated, as in the linear add/drop chain. Because the
length of the network is probably long and the optical loss greater than the system
gain of the transmitter/receiver pairs, there may be a need to use intermediate
repeaters or intermediate ring nodes (ADMs) on the return path to connect the
end nodes.
ADM-16 in ring applications 3
Rings provide redundant bandwidth and/or equipment to ensure system integrity

in the event of any transmission or timing failure, including a fiber cut or node
failure. A ring is a collection of nodes that form a closed loop, in which each node
is connected to adjacent nodes. Ring nodes can be made up of the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1 two fiber add/drop terminals.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 two-fiber add/drop terminal supports two-fiber, bi-
directional, line switched rings working at STM-16, STM-4 or STM-1 level. At
STM-16 level the MS-SPRing protection mechanism is supported. SNCP is
supported at all other levels (see figure 3-5).
ADM 16/1
STM-16
ADM 16/1 RING ADM 16/1
ADM 16/1
Figure 3-5. The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 ring application
One of the most cost-effective applications of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is the
ADM 16/1 application. This is an add/drop terminal functioning at a line speed of
2.5 Gbit/s and dropping traffic at tributary speeds of 2 Mbit/s. Per network
element, up to 504 x 1.5 Mbit/s, 504 x 2 Mbit/s, 48 x 34 Mbit/s, 96 x 45 Mbit/s, 96
x STM-0, 32 x 140 Mbit/s, 32 x STM-1 or up to 8 x STM-4 can be add/dropped
directly from the STM-16 level.


When using the already mentioned MS SPRing protection mechanism, rings from
2 up to 16 nodes are supported (the maximum allowed by the standard). They
perform automatic protection switching (revertive) in less than 50 msec.
Service 1 / Protection 2
STM-16 RING ADM 16/1

ADM 16/1
Figure 3-6. MS-SPRing protected STM-16 Rings with WaveStar™ ADM 16/1
In bi-directional line-switched rings under normal conditions, service traffic and

protection traffic travel in both directions around the ring. Given spans consist of
two sets of bi-directional channels: service channels and protection channels.
Each physical line is shared by service channels and protection channels. See
Figure 3-6.
Upgrading a folded ring to a conventional ring 3
In a linear Add/Drop topology, folded rings provide flexibility in the amount of

equipment deployed. In many cases a network starts out as a linear Add/Drop
chain because of short-term service needs between some of the nodes. It then
evolves into a ring later when there is a need for service and fiber facilities to other
nodes in the network. It is easier to evolve the linear Add/Drop network into a full
ring configuration if a folded ring is used in the nodes that have this short-term
service.
Folded rings have upgrade, operational, and self-healing advantages over other
topologies for this type of evolution.
Deploying folded ring technology to evolve a ring network from a linear Add/Drop
chain configuration to a full ring network provides the following advantages:
■ A folded ring can be more easily upgraded (that is, in-service) to include
the new node in a full ring configuration than in back-to-back or linear
add/drop configurations.
■ A folded ring familiarizes users with the operation, administration,
maintenance, and planning (OAM&P) of a ring.
■ In most cases, a folded ring is more cost-effective than deploying back-to-
back or linear Add/Drop configurations.


■ A folded ring can recover from some Terminal failures better than a linear
Add/Drop chain.
See Figure 3-7 for an upgrade example.
.
Site A Site B Site C
Present ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
ADM 16/1
Site A Site B Site C
Future ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
Site D
ADM 16/1
Figure 3-7. Upgrade ‘Folded Ring’ to conventional ring


Hubbing functionality 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system can be configured to function as a hub-

terminal at STM-16 level by deploying the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 as an end
terminal or add/drop terminal.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can serve a cluster of for instance WaveStar™ ADM
4/1 multiplexers and WaveStar™ AM 1 multiplexers located at remote sites (see
Figure 3-8). In this way, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Systems can be configured as
an STM-16 hub. All the traffic for the WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 Multiplexers passes
through the hub using either these electrical or optical interfaces.
AM 1
STM-16
#1 STM-1
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
#32 STM-1
STM-16 ADM 4/1
Figure 3-8. Example of a HUB Terminal configuration


Small cross-connect 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system can be used to function as a small local cross-
connect system. At VC-4 level, a maximum cross-connect capacity of 64 x 64 is
available. For lower order VCs (VC-3 and VC-12s) a maximum of 32 x 32 VC-4s
may be opened at any time for grooming purposes.
This means that within a single shelf e.g. a VC-4, 3, 12 cross-connect can be
realized to cross-connect a maximum of 64 x STM-1 equivalents. A maximum of
32 x VC-4s can be groomed in the lower order cross-connect (see Chapter 4).
64 x STM-1 equivalents can be connected with the higher order cross-connect as

follows: 16 x STM-1s derived from East and 16 x STM-1s derived from the West
side of the cross-connect, plus 32 x STM-1s (8 slots times four STM-1s per circuit
pack) from the tributary side. Hence, in total 64 STM-1 equivalent signals are
connected to the higher order cross-connect and can be cross-connected at VC-4
level. When the contents of some of these VC-4s needs to be groomed or Time
Slot Interchanged (TSI), a maximum of 32 x bi-directional VC-4s can be
connected to the lower order cross-connect for this purpose. Cross-connections
can be set bidirectionally.


Broadcasting functionality 3
The Wavestar™ ADM 16/1 has broadcast functionalities for VC-12, VC-3 and VC-
4 containers. There are two broadcast modes possible, controlled by either the
ITM-CIT or the ITM-SC:
■ Uni-directional 1:N broadcast
A particular incoming VC is retansmitted in multiple (N = 2 or more)

directions. The return channels remain unused without generating any
alarms.
■ 1:2 broadcast
This is meant for test purposes. One of the directions of a bi-directional

signal is broadcasted to an unused system output
Setting up or breaking down a broadcast direction does not affect the traffic in the
other branches.


Payload Concatenation 3
Within the SDH standards there are two methods defined to create larger payload
capacity than provided by a single VC-12 (payload capacity: 2.176 Mbit/s), VC-2
(6.848 Mbit/s), VC-3 (53.760 Mbit/s) or VC-4 (149.760 Mbit/s). These methods are
called “virtual concatenation” and “contiguous concatenation”. In both cases
multiple VC’s are taken together to create a bigger capacity transport pipe.
Virtual concatenation 3
In the case of virtual concatenation, the payload is divided over multiple VC’s,
which are independently transported through the SDH network. The total transport
entity in called VC-n-Xv, where the n is indicating the VC-type (n = 12, 2, 3 or 4)
and the X is denoting the number of VC’s that are taken together to form a virtually
concatenated signal. The v stands for “virtual”.
Each VC-n that is part of a VC-n-Xv structure has its own path overhead and its
own corresponding TU-pointer, so each VC-n is transported independently over
the SDH network between the VC-n-Xv termination points. VC-n-Xv
concatenation is still being discussed in standardization and is for that reason not
yet supported on the WaveStar TM ADM-16/1. The most popular options being
considered are VC-12-Xv (X = 2,.., 63) and VC-2-Xv (X = 2,.., 21). For transport of
these VC-n-Xv types it is required that all participating VC-n’s are located in the
same VC-4.
Contiguous concatenation 3
Contiguous concatenation is only applicable at the VC-4 level. In this case the
payload is divided over multiple VC4’s which are carried over the network as a
single block, where the VC-4’s are mapped in adjacent AU-4 envelopes. This
contiguous group of VC-4’s has only one single column of path overhead and also
has a single pointer, which controls the phase of the complete block. Contiguously
concatenated VC-4s are denoted as VC-4-Xc (X = 4, 16 or 64). The “c” indicates
the fact that “contiguous” mapping is used.
To transport VC-4-Xc payloads through the SDH network, it is necessary that all
SDH nodes that are passed through support this mapping. The WaveStar TM
ADM-16/1 supports transport of VC-4-4c (payload capacity: 599.040 Mbit/s) via
the STM-16 aggregate interfaces and STM-4 tributary interfaces. The VC-4-4c
payload can be added or dropped via the STM-4 tributary. In addition, protection
of VC-4-4c is supported within the MS-SPRing protection scheme in an STM-16
ring. Also, SNC/N protection is supported to protect the add/drop path via the
tributaries or in case MS-SPRing is not used. Lastly, passing VC-4-4c’s can be
non-intrusively monitored, both for faults and performance.


Tributary interface mixing 3
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System supports a mix of
1.5, 2, 34, 45, STM-0, 140, STM-1 and STM-4 tributary speed interface inputs and
outputs. It is possible to mix these interfaces in the same subrack for all platforms.
Also, a circuit can enter a WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 network through one type and
exit through another type (if the payload that is being carried is compatible with
both interface types). Mixing is supported not only within a Terminal, but also
between Terminals.
These capabilities offer more efficient network evolution and allow planners to
improve their equipment deployment based on the needs of the particular
Application. For example, network needs (sudden demand) may require SDH
deployment in one area before others.
The PDH interfaces (140 Mbit/s) at one end of a circuit within a WaveStar™ ADM
16/1 network can be upgraded to SDH interfaces (STM-1) without any changes at
the other end.


Ring Closure: Single ADM interconnecting

STM-16 and STM-1/4 rings 3
Two rings working at different or the same line speeds can be interconnected by a
single Network Element as depicted in figure 3-9.
ADM 4/1 ADM 16/1
STM-16
ADM 4/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
STM-1/4 RING
RING
ADM 4/1 ADM 16/1
Figure 3-9. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 used as a Ring-closure network element
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system has the possibility to function as a ring closure
network element because the architecture of the system makes it possible to have
for instance 2 x STM-16 and 2 x STM-1 interfaces in one single shelf.


Dual Node Interworking 3
Two rings working at different or the same line speeds can be interconnected by
two network elements, working in add/drop mode, protected by the Dual Node
Interworking (DNI) protection mechanism as depicted in figure 3.10.
ADM 4 ADM 16
ADM 16/1 DNI node

STM-4 STM-16
ADM 4 RING ADM 16
RING
ADM 16/1 DNI node
ADM 4 ADM 16
Figure 3-10. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 used as DNI network element
The DNI protection scheme protects the interconnection between two

subnetworks within which the traffic is already protected by another network
protection. This means traffic going from one node to another may be MS-SPRing
or Path (SNCP) protected and will, in this case, be extra protected in the nodes
interconnecting both rings by activating the DNI protection mechanism in these
two nodes.


8TR730-APG
4
Description 4
Overview 4
This chapter provides a more detailed view of the system composition and the
shelf complements of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport
System. The system functions and circuit packs are described following the
description of the system architecture, the partitioning of the circuit packs in the
system, and the physical design. Additional information is provided relating to
protection and timing architecture.


Description 8TR730-APG
Introduction 4
This chapter describes the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 in terms of basic architecture,
physical configuration and circuit packs.
In addition, equipment redundancy and protection are briefly summarized.


Basic WaveStarTM ADM 16/1

Architecture 4
This very flexible product resulted from a great step forward in technology. Owing
to the high level of integration at circuit-pack level, it is possible to Add/Drop up to
504 x 1.5 Mbit/s, 504 x 2 Mbit/s, 48 x 34 Mbit/s, 96 x 45 Mbit/s, 96 x STM-0, 32 x
140 Mbit/s, 32 x STM-1 or 8 x STM-4 using only one subrack.
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 is a multiplexer and transport system that multiplexes
a broad range of plesiochronous and synchronous signals into 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-
16), 620 Mbit/s (STM-4) or 155 Mbit/s (STM-1). The method used to map the
interface signals complies with the ITU-T specified AU-4 mapping procedure. A
special circuit pack is available to support AU-3 mapped signals.
The system can be used as an add/drop multiplexer, terminal multiplexer or small

local cross-connect. It provides built-in cross-connect facilities and flexible
Interface circuit packs. Local and remote management and control facilities are
provided via the Q and F interface and the embedded communication channels.
The cross-connect circuit pack is the core of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 system.
An outline of the basic WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 architecture is given in figure 4-1.
ITM
Power & 1.5 Mbit/s
Timing
Booster 2 Mbit/s
STM-16 System
Booster pre- EML Control
34 Mbit/s
Amplifier
STM-16
Cross- 34 / 45
Mbit/s
connect
EML for
OLS 80G
VC 4/3/12 STM-0
EML for STM-1

OLS 400G IP over 140 Mbit/s
SDH
STM-4
Figure 4-1. Basic architecture of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 system


The cross-connect 4
The cross-connect is the core of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system. The cross-
connect circuit pack functionally consists of two parts: a higher and a lower order
cross-connect, although physically the cross-connect circuit pack is a single circuit
pack.
The higher order cross-connect switches VC-4s and its capacity is 64 x 64. Other
functions of the higher order cross-connect are: VC-4 SNC protection switching,
MS-SPRing protection, MSP, equipment protection of tributary slots (see at the
end of this Chapter and at Chapter 2 for detailed explanations of mentioned
protection mechanisms), non-intrusive monitoring of VC-4s and broadcasting.
The lower order cross-connect switches/grooms VC-3 and VC-12s and its
capacity currently ranges up to 2016 x 2016 VC-12s equivalents or 32 x 32 VC-4s.
Other functions of the lower order cross-connect are: lower order SNCP
protection, non-intrusive monitoring of lower order VCs and lower order
broadcasting.
Tributary and line interfaces circuit packs are directly connected to the higher
order cross-connect via STM-1 equivalent signals.
Higher- and lower order cross-connect parts are interconnected via an internal
cross-connect-bus of 32 bi-directional VC-4s wide. The lower order cross-connect
itself is uni-directional although traffic can be switched/protected bi-directionally (=
default situation).
Higher order VC-4s arriving from line or tributary circuit packs need only to be
routed through the lower order matrix, if the lower order VC content needs to be
groomed. Otherwise, the VC-4 can be routed through the higher order cross-
connect only.
Flexible routing and cross-connecting of VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 between line port
⇔ line port, line port ⇔ tributary port and tributary port ⇔ tributary port is
possible.
The system architecture makes it possible to use an interface circuit pack in

almost any other slot position, hence the system becomes very flexible. A broad
range of applications can be served with the same shelf based on a common
software platform.
To contribute to overall system reliability and availability, the cross-connect circuit

pack can be 1 + 1 equipment protected by an accompanying circuit pack.
By simply exchanging the cross-connect circuit pack in the future, it will be

possible to enhance the system’s lower order, and thus the total cross-connect
capacity substantially. Future cross-connect upgrade possible to 64 x 64 lower
order cross-connect capacity.


Fixed cross-connect 4
The fixed connection unit replaces the (working) cross-connect unit to provide a
0:1 or 0:2 terminal configuration, in which the (16) VC-4s of four tributary units are
routed towards one line port unit and the (16) VC-4s of four other tributaries are
routed towards the other line port unit. The protection cross-connect slot remains
unassigned, as well as one of the tributary slots. The tributary units can be all
types, but it is understood that if a PI-E1/63 is used, then 3 VC-4’s worth of line
capacity become unreachable for each inserted PI-E1/63 unit.
No equipment protection of tributary cards is supported, nor of line cards or cross-

connect units. Only the PT unit can be protected. Network protection schemes like
MSP, MS-SPRing or SNCP are not supported either.
Interface circuit packs 4
The WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 supports a large variety of interface circuit packs: 1.5,
2, 34, 45, 140 Mbit/s, STM-0, STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 are the circuit packs
that can be used. If required, interface redundancy can be provided. For details of
these circuit packs please refer to ‘circuit packs’ described later in this chapter.
System control and management 4
The System controller (SC) controls and provisions all circuit packs via a local
LAN bus. The SC also provides the external operations interfaces for office
alarms, miscellaneous discretes and connections to the overhead channels (a
maximum of six overhead bytes may be selected to be connected to six connector
on the interconnection box).
The SC also facilitates first line maintenance by several LEDs and buttons on the
front panel. General status and alarm information is displayed. Various controls
and an F-interface connector, for a local maintenance PC (ITM-CIT), are also
located on this panel.
The SC communicates with the centralized management system (ITM-SC and

ITM-NM).
A part of the SC, routing management information between SDH equipment and
the element management system, is called data packet switch (DPS).
Communication is established via so-called data communication channels (DCC)
(= D1-3/D4-12 bytes), within the STM-N section overhead signals or via one of the
Q-interfaces of the system. Information destined for the local system is routed to
the System Controller, while other information is routed from the node via the
appropriate embedded channels of the STM-N line or tributary signals.
The ITM-SC manages the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 at the element level and the
ITM-NM manages the system at the network level. The ITM-Craft Interface
Terminal (ITM-CIT) can be used for managing small networks and for
maintenance.


Power and Timing 4
In addition to the transmission and control functions briefly described above, the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 can be equipped with one or two power and timing circuit
packs (PT).
Power 4
A basic function of the PT circuit pack is to filter and stabilize the incoming station
power in order to meet the necessary ETSI requirements. The basic power
distribution philosophy throughout the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 is to equip each
circuit pack with on-board DC/DC converters that convert the customer’s
secondary (station battery) voltage to the voltages required for each circuit pack.
The power feed from the station battery voltage is maintained duplicated
throughout the system’s backplane.
Timing 4
Another basic function of the PT is system timing. The local oscillator, also called
the SDH equipment clock (SEC), can be synchronized to one of the user-
selectable timing references. There are two types of PT circuit packs available:
one so-called standard PT with a standard hold-over stability of 2048 kHz ± 4.6
ppm and one with a more accurate hold-over stability frequency of 2048 kHz ±
0.37 ppm (Stratum-3).


Shelf Complements 4
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 is a single-row subrack designed for application in

600-mm deep ETSI rack frames.
The shelf of the D700 type construction provides the facilities to house the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 circuit packs. It consists of the mechanics, a backplane
and an interconnection box (ICB). Via the interconnection box access to overhead
channels, station alarms, miscellaneous discretes and Q-LAN is possible.
Cabling to the customer is pre-fabricated and will be connected to the rear of the
subrack. If protection or impedance conversion is needed, special paddle boards
can be inserted between customer cabling and the backplane. Optical interfaces
(for the STM-0 and STM-1 signals) are located on the front and rear of the
system.
The subrack is called the high-density subrack. An integrated fan unit cools the
system circuit packs. This fan unit is part of the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 subrack.
The High-density shelf is provided with (figure 4-2):

■ 1 slot for the System controller (SC) which includes DPS functionality
■ 2 slots for the line circuit packs (SI-16 or SI-4)
■ 2 slots for the cross-connect circuit packs (CC)
■ 9 slots for the tributary circuit packs
■ 2 slots for the power and timing circuit packs (PT).
Interconnection
ICB
box
P
L L
T
S C I I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C
N N
C C C
E E
P
T
Fans
Figure 4-2. WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 High density shelf configuration


Paddle boards 4
A variety of paddle boards exists for connection between customer cabling and
the backplane in case of protection or impedance conversion. All paddle boards
can be inserted from the rear of the equipment and fit on the 2 mm-Pitch
backplane connectors.
The paddle boards contain the hardware to adjust the impedance or to provide
equipment protection.
Paddle boards:
■ for 1.5 Mbit/s:
Name: Function:
PB-DS1/100/32 75 to 100 Ω impedance conversion board, 32 channels
PB-DS1/P100/32 75 to 100 Ω impedance conversion + protection board,

32 channels
Two identical 1.5 Mbit/s paddle boards are mounted behind a worker circuit pack
to provide impedance adaption. In case of 1:N (<=8) equipment protection of a 63
X 1.5 Mbit/s circuit pack, the protection paddle boards are mounted behind the
protected cross-connect.
■ for 2 Mbit/s:
Name: Function:
PB-E1/75/32 Direct through connections paddle board, 32 channels,

75 Ω
PB-E1/P75/32 Protection paddle board, 32 channels, 75 Ω
PB-E1/120/32 75 to 120 Ω impedance conversion paddle board, 32

channels
PB-E1/P120/32 75 to 120 Ω impedance conversion + protection paddle

board, 32 channels
All 2 Mbit/s paddle boards are mounted behind the worker circuit packs. No
paddle board is needed behind the protecting 2 Mbit/s circuit pack. In case of 1:N
(<=8) equipment protection of a 63 X 2 Mbit/s circuit pack, the protection paddle
boards are mounted behind the protected cross-connect.
■ for 34/45 Mbit/s:

Name: Function;


PB-E3DS3/6 Protection paddle board, 6 channels
The PB-E3DS3/6 is mounted horizontally across the worker and the protecting
circuit pack.
■ for STM-1e / 140 Mbit/s:
Name: Function:
PB-1E4/PW/2 Protection paddle board to be used in combination with

‘worker’ circuit packs, 2 channels
PB-1E4/PP/2 Protection paddle board to be used in combination with

‘protection’ circuit pack, 2 channels
■ for 10 Mbit/s T-BASE

Name: Function:
PB-LAN/4 Protection paddle board to be used in combination with

‘worker’ circuit packs with 4 interfaces.
PB-LAN/P/4 Proctection paddle board to be used in combination with

the proctection circuit pack.
NOTE:
For more details on equipment protection, see Chapter 8, System Planning
and Engineering


Circuit packs 4
Figure 4-1 shows the circuit packs that can be used with the WaveStarTM ADM
16/1 system.The Interface circuit packs are briefly described here. For an
explanation of the naming of the circuit packs, please refer to Chapter 8.
Optical interface circuit packs 4
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 can be equipped with STM-16, STM-4, STM-1 and
STM-0 optical interface circuit packs, which are available in several types.
Options for STM-16 are 1310 nm (Long-haul), 1550 nm (Long-haul and Ultra-
Long-Haul), the STM-4 (1310 nm Short-haul and 1550 nm Long-haul), STM-1 and
STM-0 optical units are using the 1310 nm Short-Haul version.
All optical packs are equipped with a universal built-out optical connector type,
allowing the connector type to FC/PC or SC to be changed on-site depending on
the customer needs. The STM-1 and STM-0 do have a LC-connection with a
conversion possibility to FC/PC or SC.
STM-16 optical line port units 4
All power budgets indicated below are ‘end-of-life’.

■ SI-L 16.1/1C (1310 nm ITU, ITU-T G.957)
■ 10-24 dB over G.652 fiber at a BER of 1x10 -10 (L-16.1)
Including 2 dB margin for temperature and aging and 1 dB optical

path penalty.

path penalty.
■ SI-L 16.2/1C (1550 nm ITU, ITU-T G.957)

path penalty (i.e. up to 1800 ps/nm dispersion).

path penalty.
■ SI-L 16.3/1B (1550 nm ITU + 4 dB, ITU-T G.957)






path penalty.
A special circuit pack has been developed to bridge ultra-long distances (up to
160 km) that amplifies the transmitted and received signals. This circuit pack can
be placed in any slot position normally used for a tributary circuit pack.
Booster pre-amplifier:
■ LBPA-U 16.2/1
■ This circuit pack has to be mounted in front of a transmitter, in one of
the tributary slots.
■ SI-EML U16.2/1 (1550 nm, ITU-T draft rec. G.691)
■ 33-44 dB over G.652 fiber at a BER of 1x10 -12 (U-16.2)

path penalty.
■ 33-45 dB over G.653 fiber at a BER of 1x10 -12 (U-16.3)

path penalty.
Booster:
■ LBA-V16.2/1 (1550 nm, ITU-T G.691 V-16.2/3)
■ This circuit pack is mounted in the tributary slot beside the line port
unit, which can be a standard STM-16 interface.
Sixteen different wavelengths are available for interworking with the WaveStar™
OLS 80G:


SI-16EML80.x/1 (1550 nm, ITU-T G.692)(x =1 to 16 (no. of channel))
Table 4-1.
Optical channel
number Frequency (THz) Wavelength (nm)
1 193.5 1549.32
2 193.3 1550.92
3 193.1 1552.52
4 192.9 1554.13
5 192.7 1555.75
6 192.5 1557.36
7 192.3 1558.98
8 192.1 1560.61
9 193.6 1548.51
10 192.4 1550.12
11 193.2 1551.72
12 193.0 1553.33
13 192.8 1554.94
14 192.6 1556.55
15 192.4 1558.17
16 192.2 1559.79
Eighty different Wavelengths, with compatible optics (STM-16) are available for
interworking with the WaveStar™ OLS 400G:
■ SI-16EMLx/1 (x ranging from 9190 to 9585 (1530-1565 nm)). x represents
the frequencies, which range from 191.90 THz to 195.85 THz in steps of 50
GHz
Two simple WDM couplers can be mounted in the system to allow single fiber
operations:
■ Co-directional 2 wavelength WDM operation:
It is possible to combine the optical signals from the line interfaces of the
ADM 16/1 systems, when one system operates in the 1310 nm region and
the other in the 1550 nm region, so that the optical signals travel in the
same direction. The net power budget for this type of operation on standard
fiber, after subtracting the coupler and extra connector losses is 20 dB at
1x 10-10 BER.
■ Contra-directional 2 wavelength WDM operation:
It is possible to combine the optical transmit and receive signals from the
line interface of one ADM 16/1 system, when one direction operates in the


1310 nm region and the other in the 1550 nm region, so that the optical
signals travel opposite directions of each fiber. The net power budget for
this type of operation on standard fiber, after subtracting the coupler and
extra connector losses is 20 dB at 1x 10-10 BER.
Optical interfaces for tributaries (STM-0 and

STM-1) 4
The optical interface circuit packs listed below must always be used together with
a converter circuit pack (SA-0/12 or SPIA-1E4/4) described later in this chapter.
They must be mounted behind the converter circuit pack (just like a paddle
board). See also Chapter 8. These circuit packs provide the optical circuits and
are provided with a LC, or SC on STM-1, type optical connector. Via a patch panel
with a fiber management system this LC connector can be converted to a SC or
FC/PC connector.
An optical interface circuit pack contains 2 x STM-1 or 6 x STM-0 Interfaces, to be

used together with the converter circuit packs:
■ OI-S 1.1/2 (1310 nm, ITU-T G.957)
■ 0-12 dB at a BER of 1x10 -10 (S-1.1) (STM-1)
■ OI-L1.2 (1550 nm):
■ 10-28 dB at a BER of 1 x 10 -10 (L-1.2).
■ OI- 0/6 (1310 nm):
■ 0-10 dB at a BER of 1x10 -10 (STM-0)
Optical tributaries (STM-4) 4
There is also an optical interface for a STM-4 signal on a tributary port. This circuit
pack has front access and does not use optical interfaces at the backside.
■ SI-S 4.1/1 (1310 nm, ITU-T G.957)
■ 0-12 dB (1 x 10 -10 sensitivity) at an operating wavelength of 1310
nm.
■ SI-L 4.1/2 (1550 nm, ITU-T G.957)
■ 0-22 dB (1 x 10 -10 sensitivity) at an operating wavelength of 1550
nm
Electrical tributaries circuit packs 4
The electrical tributaries circuit packs contain the Low-speed interfaces. The
interface circuit packs provide the plesiochronous interface circuits or
synchronous STM-1 interfaces and alignment into TUs.
The following Electrical Interface circuit packs can be provided:

■ PI-DS3/63:1.5 Mbit/s63 interfaces per circuit pack


■ PI-E1/63:2 Mbit/s63 interfaces per circuit pack

■ PI-E3DS3/6+634/45 Mbit/s6 interfaces each
■ PI-DS3/12:45 Mbit/s12 interfaces per circuit pack
■ SPIA-1E4/4:STM-1e/140 Mbit/s4 interfaces per circuit pack
■ IP-LAN/8: 10 Mbit/s T-BASE 8 interfaces per circuit pack.
Timing and Synchronization Interface Circuit

Packs 4
Two types of timing and synchronization interface circuit packs are available to
provide extra external synchronization in- and outputs with a specific format
(besides the station clock in- and outputs on the interconnection box). These
boards must be mounted behind the power and timing circuit packs. The
synchronous paddle boards’ internal (that is towards the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1
system) output signal of 2048 kHz, is dual fed to both power and timing circuit
pack slots.
The following timing interface circuit pack is available for DS0 and DS2 markets
(Japan and USA):
■ TI-DS2DS0/1: Combined 64 + 8 kHz Sync Input + 6312 kHz Sync Output
pack
Contains hardware to transform the external 64 + 8 kHz composite clock

signal into the internal 2 MHz station clock signal. This board also contains
hardware to transform the internal 2 MHz station clock signal into an
external 6312 kHz sinusoidal output clock signal. One input and one output
channel per pack.
Special function circuit packs 4
Converter circuit packs 4
A converter circuit pack, known as SPIA-1E4/4, is available to support the

following conversion mode:
■ AU-3 to TU-3
■ AU-3 to VC-3
■ TU-3 to AU-4
In this way, AU-3 structured signals will be translated into TU-3 structured signals
that can be handled by the cross-connect of the WaveStar TM ADM 16 system.
The SPIA-1E4/4 is needed to support a maximum of 4 STM-1 signals. The STM-1

optical interfaces themselves (OI-S 1.1/2) are located on separate optical
interface circuit packs (see above) and must be mounted directly behind the
SPIA-1E4/4 card.


For the use of electrical signal, paddle boards of STM-1 electrical and 140 Mbit/s
should be mounted behind the SPIA-1E4/1 card. By using the correct paddle
board or optical interface and by correct provisioning of the unit, the card can
handle STM-1 electrical or 140 Mbit/s as STM-1 optical.
A converter circuit pack, named SA-0/12, is available to support the following

conversion mode:
■ AU-3 to VC-3
■ VC-3 to TU-3
■ TU-3 to AU-4
The SA-0/12 is needed to support a maximum of 12 x STM-0 signals. The STM-0

optical interfaces themselves are located on separate optical Interface Circuit
Packs (see above) and must be mounted directly behind the SA-0/12 card.
Cross-connect circuit pack 4
The CC-64/16 or CC-64/32 is connected with the Interface circuit packs via the
backplane bus. The higher order cross-connect size is equivalent to 64 x 64 STM-
1s (VC-4s); the lower order cross-connect size is up to 32 x 32 STM-1s
(VC-4s)(CC-64/32). The lower order part is also called time slot interchanger (TSI)
because it can interchange the location of TU-3s and TU-12s within the VC-4s.
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 can provide optional equipment redundancy (1+1) for
the cross-connect circuit pack.
The fixed cross-connect unit replaces the working cross-connect unit, the
protection cross-connect slot remains unassigned, as well as one of the tributary
slots. No equipment protection of tributary cards is supported, nor of line cards or
cross-connect units. Only the power and timing unit can be protected. Network
protection schemes like MSP, MS-SPRING or SNCP are not supported either.
Power and Timing circuit packs 4
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 can be equipped with two Power and Timing circuit
packs (PT): one as a working generator and the other as standby.
Two versions of PT are available:

■ PT-stnd:Standard version with approximately 4.6 ppm stability
■ PT-str3:Version with approximately 0.37 ppm stability for the first 24hours
of hold-over.
Timing modes available:

■ Free running
■ Hold-over


■ Locked with reference to:

■ one of the external sync. inputs
■ one of the STM-N inputs
■ one of the 2 Mbit/s tributary inputs
The PT circuit packs also perform the necessary power filtering functions to meet
the ETSI requirements. To maintain high availability, these circuit packs may be
duplicated (however, the system still works properly with only one PT inserted).
The actual DC/DC conversion is located on the circuit packs. The power feeds
remain duplicated between the PT and the circuit packs.
System controller circuit pack 4
The System Controller (SC) controls and provisions all circuit packs, via a
duplicated LAN bus. It also controls the user panel (located at the front of the SC)
and provides external operations interfaces.
The SC has a certain amount of alterable non-volatile memory for storage of

programs, configuration and other semi-permanent data for the DPS (on-board
the SC) and all Function Controllers (FCs) in the system; this is the local
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 database. After initial power-up, the SC assumes default
parameters for some configurable items (e.g. CIT bit rate). Volatile memory is
needed to store temporary data structures. It is possible to download software
from the ITM-SC to the SC to replace or add applications in the local database.
During download the old software is stored in memory as a back up. This means
that after download, two complete software versions are available on the SC.
The following external interfaces are provided by the SC:

■ Miscellaneous discretes (8 x Input, 8 x Output), via a management
system
■ Station Alarm Interfaces
■ Q-LAN 10 Base-2 interface (for network and network element level
management)
■ Q-LAN 10 Base-T interface (for network and network element level
management)
■ 2 x F interface (rear and front access) (for local network element
management and maintenance)
■ 4 x G.703 and 2 x V.11 interfaces (Data and/or engineering order wire).
The Q-LAN address is derived from the dip-switch settings on the SC.


Timing and Synchronization 4
Timing Architecture of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/

1 4
To/From other PT
2
2 MHz
2 Mb/s
d
#1 6
Reference S Main r
E i
Selection PLL v
L
#6 e
r
Reference S
E Ext. 2 MHz 2
Selection L
PLL 2 Mb/s
Figure 4-3. Power and Timing Architecture
Figure 4-3 depicts the architecture of a power and timing circuit pack (PT) of the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 System, a maximum of two of which can be present in a
system. A 1+1 equipment protection scheme can be set up between the two PTs.
Eight timing reference inputs (2 + 6) are shown. These inputs have the following
function:
■ 2 x External timing inputs (external station clock): 75 or 120 Ω (selected by
different wiring of the cable connectors), 2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz.
■ 6 x Internal timing reference inputs divided as follows:
■ 4 x Tributary (2 Mbit/s or STM-1 tribs)
■ 2 x Line
Note: an MSP pair counts as a SINGLE timing reference!
Eight timing reference outputs (2 + 6) are shown. These outputs have the
following function:
■ 2 x External timing outputs (external station clock): 75 or 120 Ω (selected
by different cabling), 2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz.


■ 6 x Internal timing reference outputs divided as follows:

■ 4 x Tributary (2 Mbit/s or STM-1 tribs)
■ 2 x Line.
Note: by software selection the user may choose to forward the external timing
output signal to the first, the second or both timing output signal connectors.
Two PLLs (phase lock loops), or station equipment clocks (SECs), are shown: one
is the main PLL; the central clock driving six timing output ports, and the other the
External PLL, driving two timing output ports.
The signal driving the individual PLLs can be selected as follows:

■ for the MAIN PLL: out of either the sync. signal provided by the other
(protect) PT-circuit pack or out of the reference signal selected by the
reference selector shown to its left.
■ for the EXT. PLL: out of either the sync. signal provided by the MAIN PLL or
out of the reference signal selected by the reference selector shown to its
left.
Hence it is possible to select individual timing references for the outgoing station
clock signals and for the internal reference clock signals. Reference selections
are software selectable by the user.
Timing modes 4
As shown in figure 4-4, the system can be provisioned for the following
synchronization conditions / modes:
■ Add/Drop or Terminal application:
■ Free running from an internal oscillator (FR)
■ Internal Timing from an incoming line or tributary signal (lower order)
■ External Timing, timed from an external 2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s clock
signal (lower order)
■ Hold-over mode (HO).


LO
FR
PLL
HO
Hold-over
memory
Figure 4-4. Timing Modes (Free running selected)
The user can select the system to function in any one of the three sync. modes
specified above. This selection can be done by software (user input) or be fully
automatically. If set to automatic, the system will automatically switch to hold-over
mode if the input timing reference signal fails.
Free Running operation (FR) 4
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 is designed to operate without any external

synchronization reference in the free running mode. In the free running mode
(switch set to FR in figure 4-4), the PT derives timing from an internal station
equipment clock (SEC) oscillator. The internal SEC oscillator’s long-term
accuracy is higher than 4.6 ppm. The PT generates and distributes the timing
signals to the interface circuit packs.
Locked mode (LO) 4

■ Locked-to-line or tributary operation (with hold-over).
In the locked-to-line or tributary timing mode (switch set to LO in figure 4-

4), the system derives timing from the incoming line or tributary signals. In
turn, the PT generates timing signals and distributes them to the
transmission circuit packs.
The signal references are continuously monitored for error-free operation.

If the working line or tributary reference in a protected system becomes
corrupted, the PT circuit selects the protection line / tributary reference
without causing service degradation. If both references fail, the PLL circuit
holds the on-board oscillator frequency at the last good reference sample
while the references are repaired, (hold-over mode: switch set to HO in
figure 4-4 automatically!). This mechanism is provided so that operation
with or without an external clock can be easily accommodated.


In both timing modes, the PT can also provide two synchronization outputs
to other central office equipment.
■ Locked to External timing reference Operation (with hold-over)
In the external timing mode (switch set to LO in figure 4-4), each PT circuit
pack accepts a 2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s synchronization reference signal from a
4.6 ppm or better station clock. These references synchronize the local
terminal. Within the PT circuit pack, a highly stable PLL circuit removes any
transient impairments from the 2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s reference for improved
jitter performance.
If the external reference fails, the PLL circuit on the PT circuit pack holds
the on-board oscillator frequency at the last reference sample while the
external clock signal is repaired (hold-over mode: switch set to HO in figure
4-4 automatically!).
Hold-over mode (HO) 4
As described above, the system provides a so-called hold-over mode to ensure

that the timing of the system is as accurate as possible when all timing references
fail. It therefore memorizes the most recently used timing frequency in a hold-over
memory on-board the PT.
Two versions of PT circuit packs are available with the only difference of hold-over
accuracy:
■ PT-stnd: the standard PT circuit pack providing a clock to the system with
4.6 ppm hold-over accuracy.
■ PT-str-3: the PT circuit pack providing a clock signal to the system with
0.37 ppm hold-over accuracy during at least the first 24 hours of hold-over.
Back-up timing 4
To keep the software on all circuit packs alive when there is no synchronization
signal from one or both PTs, the System Controller (SC) distributes a back-up
timing signal. This timing allows for the execution of circuit pack tests and
equipment loop-backs. The SC timing signal is distributed to all slots of the
system, except for the PT slots. The accuracy of the back-up timing signal is
approximately 50 ppm. When the back-up clock is selected, the circuit packs
switch all transmission ports to SQUELCH mode.


Clock / Synchronous distribution on circuit packs4
Timing at Circuit Pack Level WaveStar TM ADM 16/1
PULSE
DETECTOR Timing Fail
155 MHz
from PT N kHz
working
SELECT FREQUENCY
from PT
protect PLL DIVIDER
MUX
from SC
back-up N MHz
clock :N
Figure 4-5. Timing at circuit pack level of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
Figure 4-5 gives an overview of timing at circuit-pack level.
A selection is made between one of the following three timing sources:

1. Reference signal selected by the working PT circuit pack
2. Reference signal selected by the protecting PT circuit pack
3. Back-up clock signal derived from the SC.
All PT signals are checked for availability and if a signal fails then message
‘Timing Fail’ (including appropriate source that’s missing) is sent to the on-board
function controller (FC). Then the FC immediately initiates the command to switch
to the system’s back-up timing and all transmission ports are switched off
(squelch mode). Switching between the input references is non-revertive.
A PLL on the circuit pack itself locks to the selected timing source and supplies
the circuit pack with all necessary frequencies.


Redundancy and Protection 4
Equipment Protection (Redundancy) 4
To enhance the over-all reliability of the system, equipment redundancy can be

applied. The FIT rate numbers are specified for each unit in section 10 of this
manual.
The core of the system functionality, the cross-connect (CC) circuit pack, can be
duplicated if so required. It avoids a single point of failure for traffic between any
two port units. A switch-over between cross-connect units, causes a hit in the
traffic of at most 50 ms.
In addition, the power and timing (PT) circuit pack can be optionally duplicated.
This will provide the necessary power and timing redundancy. If the timing of a
single PT circuit pack fails, the back-up PT unit takes over. A switchover of power
or timing functions between both PT units, does not affect the traffic through the
system.
Although the PT unit can be used in unprotected, it is strongly advised to use the
PT circuit pack in redundant mode.
To complete equipment redundancy, all electrical tributary interface circuit packs

can be provided with equipment protection as well:
■ 1.5, 2 Mbit/s Interface circuit packs can be 1:n (n=max. 8) equipment
protected
■ 140 Mbit/s and STM-1e circuit packs can be 1:n (n=max. 4) protected
■ 34/45 Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s circuit packs will be 1+1 equipment protected.
In the event of failure in any circuit of an interface circuit pack, all traffic carried by
this pack is switched to the protecting circuit pack.
Network Protection 4
Protection against failures at the network level, e.g. cable breaks or failures in
other equipment in the network, requires network level protection schemes. The
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 system supports the following network level protection
schemes:
1. Multiplex section protection (MSP)
2. Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (MS-SPRing)
3. Sub-network connection protection (SNCP)
In addition a number of features are supported to optimize the network protection

for many applications:
1. Access of protection bandwidth in MS-SPRing


2. Tailoring of the MS-SPRing bandwidth (selective MS-SPRing)

3. Dual node interworking with drop & continue
At the network level these features allow to make the most efficient use of the
available bandwidth, while still providing adequate protection for a very large
number of applications.
Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (MS-

SPRing) 4
MS-SPRing is a shared protection mechanism, which means that the protection

bandwidth is shared by multiple connections. MS-SPRing can operate in a ring
network only and it operates at the VC-4 level. The protection is applicable from
the node where the VC-4 enters the ring till the node where the VC-4 leaves the
ring. The WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 supports 2 fiber MS-SPRing on its STM-16
aggregate interfaces, so it supports 2 fiber MS-SPRing protected STM-16 rings.
The maximum number of nodes in the MS-SPRing can be 16, the minimum can
be 2. The MS-SPRing protocol uses an APS channel for signalling, which is
transmitted in K1/K2 bytes in the Multiplex Section overhead, according to ITU-T
Recommendation G.841. The protocol provides protection within 50 ms.
In MS-SPRing protected rings it is useful to define (bi-directional) channels. There

are 16 such channels in an STM-16 MS-SPRing. A channel can be thought of as
the capacity of a single, bi-directional, STM-1 going fully around the ring in a
certain fixed position within the STM-16 connections that make up the ring. Each
channel can transport one VC-4 payload in both directions at a time If a VC-4 is
added/dropped from the channel in a node, it can pick up a new VC-4 there and
carry it further around the ring. These channels can be numbered #1 through #16.
In the MS-SPRing the channels #1 through #8 are available for protected VC-4
traffic. They are protected by the capacity provided by channels #9 through #16,
on a pair-by-pair basis, so channel #9 protects channel #1, #10 protects #2, etc.
up to channel #16 protecting #9. In the Sapphire release, it is allowed to decide
per channel pair (1,9), (2,10) etc. whether or not it is part of the MS-SPRing. An
application for this exclusion of a certain pair from MS-SPRing could be to avoid
double protection on an connection that is already VC-4 SNC protected and thus
save bandwidth.
To summarize, within an MS-SPRing the bandwidth can be split in three parts:

Worker capacity, protection capacity and un-protected capacity. Each channel pair
can be unprotected pair or a worker/protection pair. In the latter case the lower
channel number represents the worker capacity and the higher channel number
the protection capacity.
The protection capacity can be accessed and used for transport of low priority
traffic (“extra traffic”), to utilize the bandwidth even better. Under failure conditions
this traffic will be lost (“pre-empted”).
At the network level, the efficiency of the MS-SPRing protection mechanism is its
most obvious advantage. The degree of bandwidth saving over e.g. a VC-4 SNCP


scheme depends on the traffic pattern. The most dramatic improvement is in the
case where the traffic is mostly between adjacent ring nodes. On the other hand, if
all traffic is destined for a specific hub-node, there is no bandwidth advantage
compared to VC-4 SNCP. For uniform traffic patterns the result is between these
extremes.
1+1 Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) 4
1+1 Multiplex section protection is a relatively simple scheme to protect an STM-N

link between two adjacent SDH network elements (excluding regenerators) by
providing dedicated protection capacity. The MSP protocol exists in different
versions: G.841/Clause 7 (mostly used internationally), G.841/Annex B (Japan)
and SONET-style, according to ANSI T1.105 and Telcordia GR-253-CORE (US,
Canada). To maximize the interworking and application possibilities, the
WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 supports all these versions on various STM-N interfaces.
The following parameters can be provisioned and commands can be issued for
each 1+1 MSP protection process:
■ Operation: Revertive operation or Non-revertive operation. Revertive
operation means that after repair of a failure the traffic is switched back to
the “worker” capacity. Non-revertive operation
■ Wait-to-Restore time. The time that should elapse before a switch back to
“worker” is initiated after repair of a failure. The timer can be provisioned
between 0 and 60 minutes in 1 minute increments. The default is 5
minutes. Only available with revertive operation.
■ Control: Bi-directional or Uni-directional control. Uni-directional control
means that each receive end decides separately which traffic stream is
active. Bi-directional control means that both ends switch in conjunction. In
uni-directional schemes the traffic in one direction can be selected from the
“worker” and in the other direction from the “protection” capacity.
■ Force switch command. By issuing a force switch the user forces the traffic
to either “worker” (force to worker) or to “protection” (force to protection).
■ Manual switch command. By issuing a manual switch the user requests the
traffic to either “worker” (manual to worker) or to “protection” (manual to
protection) side. The request is only honored if the designated capacity is
not affected by “Signal Fail” or “Signal Degrade” defects.
■ Clear command. Clears all pending requests.
The following interfaces support 1+1 MSP

■ STM-0 tributary interfaces support 1+1 MSP according to the G.841/Annex
B protocol. This protocol version supports only non-revertive operation with
bi-directional control.
■ STM-1 and STM-4 optical tributary interfaces support 1+1 MSP all three
types of MSP protocol:
■ According to G.841/Annex B supporting only non-revertive
operation with bi-directional control.


■ According to G.841/Clause 7 supporting both revertive and non-

revertive operation and both uni-directional and bi-directional
control.
■ According to ANSI T1.105 and Telcordia GR-253-CORE supporting
only non-revertive operation with uni-directional control.
■ STM-16 aggregate interfaces support 1+1 MSP according to G.841/Clause
7, with both revertive and non-revertive operation and both uni-directional
and bi-directional control.
Sub-network connection protection (SNCP) 4
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 supports Sub-Network Connection (SNC) protection,

also known as path protection, according to ITU-T Recommendation G.841/
Clause 8. It is available at the VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4 level. SNC protection is a
simple 1+1 protection scheme which only supports uni-directional operation. The
big advantage over the MS-SPRing and MSP schemes is that the protection can
be applied over the whole VC-n path from source to sink termination point, but
also on one or multiple parts of the end-to-end path. In this way SNC protection is
very flexible.
The WaveStarTM ADM-16/1 supports VC-4 SNC protection between any pair of
VC-4 in the higher-order matrix, located on the cross-connect unit. Protection can
be set up between to VC-4s from tributary interfaces or between two VC-4s from
aggregate interfaces or between a VC-4 from a tributary interface and a VC-4
from an aggregate interface. The WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 supports VC-3 and VC-
12 SNC protection between any pair of VC-3s or VC-12s, irrespective of their
source/destination in the lower-order matrix, also located on the cross-connect
unit. The protection switch time for SNC protection is 50 ms.
The SNC protection scheme supported in the WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 is of the

non-intrusively monitored type or SNC/N. This variety not only protects against
defects in the server layer (as Inherently Monitored SNC or SNC/I does) but in
addition also against defects in the VC-n layer itself. So SNC/N protected VC-4s
are protected against AIS or LOP at the AU-4 level (server layer defects) and
against misconnections (trace identifier mismatch or VC-4 dTIM) or
disconnections (unequipped signal or VC-4 dUNEQ) or signal degradations (VC-4
dDEG) in the VC-4 itself. Likewise, SNC/N protected VC-3s and VC-12s are
protected against TU3/12-AIS and TU3/12-LOP (server layer defects) and VC-3/
12 dTIM, dUNEQ and dDEG.
Optionally for each SNC process, the trace identifier mismatch detection can be
disabled. This feature allows interworking with equipment that transmits an
unknown trace identifier or which uses a different format for it. The WaveStarTM
ADM-16/1 supports the 15 byte API plus 1 byte CRC-7 format for its Trail Trace
Identifiers (TTIs).
Within the SNC protection mechanism it is possible to protect the complete end-
to-end VC-n connection, but also to protect one or more part of it. When the end-
to-end connection is split in multiple parts (thus truly creating sub-network
connections), each part can be individually protected by an SNCP scheme. The


WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 supports the cascading of two such SNCP sections within
one network element. This can be applied e.g. in cases where the WaveStar TM
ADM-16/1 interconnects between a ring over its tributaries and another ring over
its aggregates. The protection mechanism in both rings can be two cascaded
SNCP schemes, thus separating the protection in both rings. This helps in fault
localization, because failures in a ring lead to protection switches in that same
ring.
The WaveStarTM ADM-16/1 supports “hold-off” timers for SNC protection. For
each SNC/N process the user can provision a timer between 0 and 10 seconds in
0.1 second increments, which defines how much time should elapse before a
SNC switch is initiated. This mechanism can be applied if several protection
schemes are nested. E.g. a VC-12 SNCP scheme is used on top of an MS-
SPRing. Normally, the MS-SPRing reacts within 50 ms. By provisioning a 100 ms
hold-off time on the VC-12 SNC protection, the MS-SPRing is given the
opportunity to react to a failure first. This avoids multiple switches.
Dual node interworking with drop & continue 4
The MS-SPRing protection mechanism offers very efficient protection but since
the protection span is limited to a single ring network, there is need for a
mechanism to couple ring networks in a way that avoids single points of failure, to
allow longer end-to-end protected paths. This mechanism is called Dual Node
Interworking with Drop & Continue. The advantages of using this mechanism are:
■ Protected interconnection between MS-SPRing rings possible, thus
allowing longer end-to-end protected spans, without single point of failure
on each ring interconnect.
■ Possibility to interconnect the MS-SPRing scheme to the SNCP scheme,
without introducing a single point of failure. This allows the user the
flexibility to use the protection scheme of choice in each network part, while
avoiding double protection.
■ Independence of the protection mechanisms in different network parts,
which results in protection switches relatively close to the failure, so in
principle easier to fault-locate.
■ A higher availability, compared to end-to-end SNCP protection schemes.
Especially on very long connections, more protection against multiple
failure is provided (as long as there is at most one failure per protected
sub-network).
Dual Node Interworking with Drop and Continue is a mechanism described in

ITU-T Recommendation G.842, and it is realized by connecting the two networks
in question in two different locations in such a way that if one location fails
completely, the traffic can still reach the other network via the second
interconnection.
The WaveStarTM ADM-16/1 supports two different DNI configurations:


1. Between two MS-SPRing rings. The ring interconnection consists in this

case of four network elements. Two network elements in each ring which
are pair wise connected (see figure 4.6)
2. Between an STM-16 MS-SPRing ring and a LO-SNC protected
subnetwork. In this case the interconnect can be built with just two nodes,
which are connected to the MS-SPRing via the aggregate interfaces and to
the SNC protected network via the tributary interfaces (see figures 4.7 to
4.9).
The MS-SPRing part of the DNI scheme allows for each individual VC-4, the
assignment of primary and secondary “add” and “drop” nodes. Dropped traffic is
broadcasted to both primary and secondary outputs (“drop & continue”), while a
selector in the primary node selects whether the added traffic from the primary of
from the secondary node is forwarded onto the MS-SPRing. This selector is
usually called a “service selector” is non-revertive and operates according to the
VC-4 SNC/N criteria.
The following features are supported:

■ The traffic between the primary and secondary node in the MS-SPRing can
be transported over “worker” capacity or over “protection” capacity, called
“continue over worker” and “continue over protection” respectively. The
latter option saves bandwidth but leads to slightly lower availability and
precludes “extra traffic” to make use of that same capacity.
■ Both VC-4 and VC-4-4c payloads can be handled.
■ Primary and Secondary nodes can be selected for each VC-4 transported
over the MS-SPRing, both at the entry and at the exit side. These nodes
need not be adjacent.
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8TR730-APG
5
Operations Administration
Maintenance and Provisioning 5
Overview 5
This chapter defines the “Maintenance Philosophy” outlining the various features
available for monitoring and maintaining the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer
and Transport System.


Operations Administration Maintenance and 8TR730-APG
Operations 5
Element and Network Management aspects of WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 are based
on the SDH concepts as laid down in ITU-T recommendations, for instance
G.784.
Local operations facilities are based on long-term experience and several

commonly applied operations and alarms procedures.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is additionally provided with advanced diagnostic

features which can be used for equipment performance checks and detailed fault
location.
Introduction 5
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 maintenance procedures are built on two levels of
system information and control. The first maintenance tier is provided by the:
■ User panel
■ Circuit pack faceplate LEDs
■ Operations Interfaces.
These features enable maintenance tasks (that is, circuit pack replacement) to be
performed without an ITM-CIT (Craft Interface Terminal) or external test
equipment. The second maintenance tier uses the ITM-CIT to retrieve detailed
reports about alarms and status, and system configuration for local terminals.


User Panel 5
The User Panel of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is integrated in the faceplate of the
System Controller (SC) circuit pack, as shown in Figure 5-1. Lightguides are used
to make the alarm and status indicators on the SC visible with the front door of the
subrack closed. The door must be opened to operate the buttons or make
connection to the ITM-CIT connector. The user panel provides system-level
information.
FAIL LED (red)
POWER LED (green)
PROMPT LED (red)

DEFERRED LED (red)
INFO LED (yellow)

ABNORMAL LED (yellow)
SUPPRESS LED (yellow)
SUPPRESS switch
DISC LED (yellow)
DISC switch
USE ITM-CIT LED (yellow)

J45 connector (CIT-F)
Figure 5-1. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 user panel: SC faceplate
User Panel LEDs and Connector 5
The User Panel LEDs show the following system information:

■ FAIL
A red FAIL LED is lit when at least one prompt or deferred maintenance
alarm exists.
■ POWER
A green POWER LED indicates that voltage is present on at least one of

the -48V secondary power-distribution feeds inside the system.
■ The active alarm level is shown by LEDs for
■ PROMPT alarms
A red PROMPT LED indicates a transmission affecting malfunction.

■ DEFERRED alarms


A red DEFERRED LED indicates a no transmission affecting

malfunction
■ INFO alarms
A yellow INFO LED indicates a failure that is not located within the
terminal.
If only the INFO indicator is lit, no immediate maintenance action is

required.
The alarm severities (CRITICAL, PROMPT, DEFERRED and INFO) of the

fault messages, are user provisionable.
■ ABNORMAL
A yellow ABNORMAL LED indicates a the existence of abnormal

conditions initiated in the Network Element, for example: a protection lock
out, forced switch, manual switch, protection line in use, alarms
disconnected, installation self-test failed.
■ SUPPRESS
A yellow SUPPRESS LED indicates that the SUPPRESS key has been
activated while an active office alarm condition exists.
■ DISCONNECT
A yellow DISC LED indicates that the DISC(onnect) key has been
activated, which means that office alarms are disconnected.
■ USE CIT
A yellow USE ITM-CIT LED indicates when the ITM-CIT must be used to
obtain more detailed information about system status. This LED is part of
the ITM-CIT connector.
User panel Controls and Connector 5
Two manual controls (switches) and one connector are mounted on the SC
faceplate. The following functions can be distinguished:
■ SUPPRESS SWITCH
An alarm that is shown on the user panel can be suppressed by pressing

the SUPPRESS SWITCH push button, consequently the SUPPRESS LED
lights up. If another alarm of the same class occurs, it can now be noticed.
■ DISC SWITCH
The DISC SWITCH push button inhibits the activation of office alarms
when pressed, consequently the DISC LED lights up.
■ ITM-CIT connector


The ITM-CIT connector is a RJ-45 connector. It is also called the F-

interface, and interfaces with the local element management system.
Circuit Pack Faceplate LEDs 5
To supplement the user panel’s system-level view, each circuit pack has a red
FAIL LED on its faceplate (at the top of the faceplate). During normal fault-free
operation, the LED is not lit. A continuously lit FAIL LED means the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1 has isolated a failure to this circuit pack or when the circuit pack has
been inserted in a slot which cannot support or is not configured to support this
type of pack. A 1 Hz flashing FAIL LED shows the following:
■ A flashing FAIL LED on a interface circuit pack indicates that an incoming
signal to that circuit pack has failed
■ A flashing FAIL RED LED on a Power and Timing (PT) circuit pack
indicates an external timing reference failure.
■ A flashing FAIL LED on the SC indicates loss of communication with the
ITM.
It is user provisionable if FAIL LEDs flash or are continuously off in the case of an
alarm as indicated above.
The PT circuit pack has a second, green, LED. This LED lights up when the
external supply voltage is present.
Note: paddle boards have no indicators.
Operations Interfaces 5
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system supports office (station) alarms, user-settable
miscellaneous discretes and a message-based operations system interface.
Office (Station) Alarm Interface 5
The office-alarms interface is a set of discrete relays (floating contacts) that

control office audible and visible alarms. The relays are located on the system
controller (SC) circuit pack. The relays are activated when a PROMPT or
DEFERRED Maintenance Alarm situation exists in the system to activate: End-Of-
Suite, Bay-top, Station alarms and Miscellaneous maintenance information. They
are made available via a connector on the interconnection box (ICB); both
disconnectable and non-disconnectable outputs are available. The miscellaneous
conditions consist of suppressed alarms present, disconnect function activated
and main--controller removed.
Miscellaneous Discretes 5
The miscellaneous discrete interface allows an operations system to control and

monitor equipment co-located with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system through a


series of input (MDIs) and output (MDOs) contact closures. Eight miscellaneous
discrete inputs can monitor such conditions as open doors, high temperature or
high humidity, and eight miscellaneous discrete control outputs can control
equipment such as fans and generators. The statuses of the miscellaneous
discrete environmental inputs are reported to the ITM-SC network element
management system. It is possible to activate these miscellaneous discrete
control outputs from the ITM-SC network element management system when the
system reports an alarm condition. Miscellaneous discretes are provided to the
user through a connector at the interconnection box.
MDI/MDO Management 5
It is possible for the user to control all MDOs of all WaveStar™ ADM 16/1s under
a single ITM-SC by means of a scripting facility. These scripts can be edited,
activated and de-activated during runtime. The scripts are sufficiently flexible to
allow activation or de-activation of certain MDOs based on combinations of
certain alarms or MDI statuses on those network elements. Strings can be
assigned to MDOs and their status is visible to the user.
Network Management Interfaces 5

■ Q-LAN interfaces
The Q-LAN interfaces enable network-oriented communication between

the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 and the ITM-SC and ITM-NM management.
This is the standardized interface to ITM (Integrated Transport
Management).
Two physical interfaces for Q-LAN are available and available on the
interconnection box:
■ 10 Base-T: Twisted Pair Ethernet, (10 Mbit/s)
■ 10 Base-2: Thin Ethernet or Cheapernet, (10 Mbit/s).
It is not possible to use both interfaces simultaneously.
■ CIT-F (Craft Interface Terminal) Interfaces
Four logical connection points for a CIT are available: 3 x CIT-F and 1 x
CIT-Q.
Three connection points for local use are available: one on the User Panel
(faceplate SC), which can be used by a crafts person working in front of the
equipment. The second CIT-F interface is available on the system’s
interconnection box and can be used by a crafts person working with the
EMC boundary closed. The last one is present on the rear side of the
system.
The CIT-Q interface, mounted on the interconnection box, is intended for

permanent connection of a low-cost PC-based element management


system (ITM-CIT). This PC can be used to manage a small number of

network elements connected via point-to-point links between the PC and
the CIT-Q interface.
Electrical characteristics of both CIT ports comply with V.10.
Additional Operational Features 5
Loop-backs 5
Within the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 loop-backs are possible at VC-n level or AU-4
level. The VC-n level can be used for far-end / near-end loop-backs and AU-4 for
a loop-back within the higher order cross-connect. The 2 Mbit/s, STM-0o,STM-1o
and STM-4 have both far-end and near-end loop-back possibilities. The STM-1e
will be loop-backed via the higher order cross-connect.
Far-end refers to looping back the signal coming from the cross-connect back to
the cross-connect via a tributary. Near-end refers to directly looping back
incoming signals as outgoing signals.
Loop-backs are also allowed when the optical STM-N interfaces are being
provisioned as 1+1 MSP protected.
User channels 5
The STM-16 section overhead and the VC-3/VC-4 path overhead contain several
bytes, for instance E and F bytes, which can be used to provide 64 kbit/s
operations channels.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 provides for a maximum of six transparent 64 kbit/s
channels selected from the following overhead bytes:
■ E1 and E2 bytes: The use of which is mainly referred to as: engineering
order wire channels
■ F1 and F2 bytes: The use of which is mainly referred to as: user channels
■ MS-NU and RS-NU bytes: The use of which is mainly referred to as:
National Use bytes.
The selected six overhead byte channels are fed via the System Controller to the
interconnection box and are available via: 4 x G.703 co-directional interfaces and
2 x V.11 contra-directional interfaces.
See chapter 9 for more details on the overhead bytes.


Remote login/single ended operations/NSAP

addresses (programmable) 5
The interfaces for the CIT-F (F-interface) provide the facility to log onto the local
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. The ITM-SC can perform these control and provisioning
tasks remotely.
The NSAP address is programmable to enable compatibility with the NSAP

addresses of existing products like ISM, SLM, PHASE, etc. This will allow DCC
interworking with other kinds of equipment.
Data communications channel 5
This network operations capability uses the SDH section (MSOH and RSOH) data
communication channel (DCC) bytes. Management interface dialogs and
operations interface messages travel in these DCC bytes on each STM-1 (optical
and electrical) interface. Other optical signals like STM-16, STM-4 and STM-0 are
also supporting the DCC channel.
Severity setting for alarms on each termination

point instance 5
Since different clients pay for different quality of service (QoS), the priority and
time to repair can differ for different paths. By setting a higher severity for the
alarms on paths that require a high QoS, than for the paths that require a low
QoS, the promised QoS can be met better. In the subsection Performance
Monitoring the concept of quality of service is explained in more detail.
Support of a multiplex section trace identifier (J0

byte) 5
The user can provide a multiplex section trace identifier on all STM-N (N=1,4,16)
outputs of the WaveStar™ ADM-16/1 via the ITM-SC or ITM-CIT. In the receive
direction an expected value for this trace identifier can be provided. In case of a
mismatch a TIM (trace identifier mismatch) alarm is generated an consequent
actions are invoked. The TIM detection mechanism can be disabled per interface.


Administration 5
Version Recognition 5
The system provides automatic version recognition of all hardware and software
installed on the system. The system can report the type, version and serial
number of the circuit pack installed in each slot. Each circuit pack identification
code is stored on the circuit pack itself and is accessible by the system controller.
User login security 5
The ITM-SC network element management system provides security protection

against unauthorized access to the network element functions (for example
provisioning). This feature controls access to the system on an individual user
basis including:
■ Login ID and password assignment
This requires the user to enter a valid Login ID and password to access the
system.
■ User authorization levels
Provides three levels of access on a per session basis:

■ Administrator
The Administrator is authorized to perform ITM-SC system control

activities. This includes starting and stopping management of the
transmission network. Only this user can administer other users of
the ITM-SC application. In addition, backups can be created or
restored by this user.
■ Operator
Authorized for all retrieval and operate commands that are not
service affected and does not imply system configuration changes.
■ Supervisor
Authorized for all retrieval, provisioning and operate commands, as

well service and not service affected handling, with the exception of
provisioning security data and software downloads.
Software Upgrades 5
Upgrading and reconfiguring the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 to support new services
or to incorporate feature enhancements can easily be implemented by
downloading a new software generic via the appropriate (F/Q) Operations
interface.


Normally, however, depending on the actual situation, downloading and replacing

software generics do not cause service interruption.
Performance Monitoring 5
Performance monitoring can be used for, broadly speaking, two applications. The
first application is for maintenance applications, the second application is for
“Quality of Service (QoS)” monitoring. The WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 performance
monitoring features are based upon ITU-T Recommendations G.784, G.826,
G.827, G.829, M.2101.1, M.2110 and M.2120. All definitions of maintenance
parameters are according to G.784 and G.826.
Maintenance Applications 5
The maintenance applications are based on ITU-T Recommendations M.2101.1,

M.2110 and M.2120 and are used for “bringing into rervice (BIS)” and other initial
testing procedures and localization/monitoring of under-performing parts of an
end-to-end path. To support these applications the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1
provides for each performance monitoring process, the current 15 minute interval
and current 24 hour interval counts of the BBE (background block errors), ES
(errored seconds), SES (severely errored seconds) and UAS (unavailable
seconds). In addition the recent history of these parameters remains stored in the
network element: the 16 most recent complete 15 minute counts and the 1 most
recent complete 24 hour count.
For all current interval counters, thresholds can be set that control the forwarding
of threshold report (TR) and reset threshold report (RTR) information to the
management system. A TR is generated at the moment that the actual count in a
current register crosses the “set” threshold level for the first time since the last
RTR. An RTR is generated at the end of the first interval in which the actual count
remains below the “clear” threshold. So the TRs and RTRs are generated
alternatingly. In the period between a TR and an RTR the monitored part of the
path is considered degraded, while the period between a RTR and a TR it is
considered normal. “set” and “clear” thresholds can be assigned by the user via
the ITM-CIT or the ITM-SC.
In addition to the parameters above, also the 6 most recent UAPs (unavailable
periods) are logged in the system. Each UAP is represented by two timestamps.
The first indicates the time of entering “unavailable time” and the second indicates
the subsequent entering of “available time”.
For maintenance applications the WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 supports the counting,

threshold monitoring and logging of all the parameters mentioned above for the
incoming traffic direction (or “uni-directional near-end” performance monitoring).
Possible monitoring points are VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4 trail terminations points
(TTPs) as well as on MS-0, MS-1, MS-4, MS-16 and RS-16 termination points as
well as VC-4 and VC-4-4c transit points or connection termination points (CTPs).
Note that the uni-directional near-end performance monitoring provides the
performance of the incoming signal between the signal trail source and the
monitoring point.


The BBE, ES, SES, UAS and UAT parameters are derived from the errors in the
incoming signal, based on the B1, B2, B3 or V5 (bit 1,2) parity information which is
part of the RSOH, MSOH or VC-POH. Periods of unavailable time are,
additionally, based on local defacts or defects in the incoming signal. For the
duration of a period of unavailable time the BBE, ES and SES counters are
inhibited.
Quality of service application 5

The quality of service (QoS) applications are based on ITU-T Recommendations
G.826 and G.827. In contrast with the maintenance application, the QoS
application requires a performance assessment of the bi-directional path over
longer periods.
To support the QoS application in the network element, the WaveStarTM ADM-16/
1 provides the logging of the current and most recent 24 hour periods of the UAP,
UAP-count (number of unavailable periods) and UAS for the bi-directional
connection, whereby the bi-directional connection is considered unavailable as
soon as one of the direction is unavailable. In addition, for each monitoring point
the BBE, ES and SES counts are reported for both directions individually. So
there are nine parameters altogether per bi-directional monitoring point. Note that
all six BBE, ES and SES counters are inhibited as soon as the bi-directional
connection is unavailable. For this reason the bi-directional counts may differ from
the uni-directional counts, even if they are concerning the same path and the
same monitoring interval.
Bi-directional performance monitoring comes in two flavours: In “end-points” or

TTPs or in “mid-points” or CTPs. The following monitoring points in the
WaveStar TM ADM-16/1 support bi-directional PM: VC-12 TTPs, VC-3 TTPs and
VC-4 TTPs and also VC-4 CTPs and VC-4-4c CTPs.
Bi-directional performance reports in end-points are based on the near-end and

far-end (REI, RDI) information received on the incoming signal. Bi-directional
performance reports in midpoints are based on the far-end information contained
in the incoming signal in both directions of transmission.
Number of Performance Monitors 5

The WaveStarTM ADM-16/1 can support 250 monitoring points simultaneously.
These can be randomly selected from all the possible TTPs and CTPs indicated
above, counting the “uni-directional near-end” and “bi-directional” applications as
different. Once a performance monitoring point is activated the full set of
performance parameters is supported. Activating or de-activating a performance
monitoring process can be performed from the ITM-CIT or ITM-SC


Maintenance 5
Maintenance signaling 5
The system maintenance signals notify downstream equipment that a failure has
been detected and alarmed by some upstream equipment, and notify upstream
equipment to initiate trunk conditioning due to a failure detected downstream.
These alarm signals include alarm indication signals (AIS), far end receive failure
(FERF) signals, and unequipped signals (UNEQ).
Alarms and status reports 5
The system provides a report that lists all active alarm and status conditions. This
report is made available to the ITM on demand. The identity of the condition is
included in the report along with a time stamp indicating when the condition was
detected. There is an option to display specified subsets of alarm conditions.
Element Management and remote operations

interfaces 5
Before it can begin providing services, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 requires a large
amount of provisioning data.
This data will be loaded upon installation in non-volatile memories but needs a
reliable backup to support repair and maintenance procedures. It is therefore
assumed that the equipment is connected to a back-up database either via a local
port or via the embedded operations channels.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be connected to a co-located ITM-SC

Management System via the Q-LAN. At station level and besides local or remote
ITM-facilities, a craft interface terminal (ITM-CIT) can be used to carry out local
management functions.
This application is often referred to as “Centralized Alarming and Remote Login”
Fault Detection, Isolation and Reporting 5
When a fault is detected, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 employs automatic

diagnostic to isolate the failed circuit pack or signal. Failures are reported to local
maintenance personnel and operations systems so that repair decisions can be
made. If desired, operations system personnel and local maintenance personnel
can use the ITM-CIT to gain more detailed information on the fault condition.
A maintenance history report containing past alarms, status, protection switching,

and craft or management events is provided, and made available to the ITM on


demand. This summary contains time stamp indicating when each condition was
detected and cleared, or when a command was entered.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system also automatically and autonomously reports
all detected alarm and status conditions through the office alarm relays, user
panel, equipment LEDs, and message based operations systems.
Reports 5
Active Alarms and Status 5
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 provides a report showing all the active alarm and
status conditions. The local alarms and status report are displayed automatically
on the local ITM-CIT immediately after log in or directly on the network element
management system. The report shows the following alarm levels:
■ PROMPT
■ DEFERRED
■ INFO
■ NO REPORT.
The source address description of the alarm condition (for example controller
failure, high-speed signal failure) is included in the report along with the date and
time detected. The report also shows whether the alarm condition affects
operations. The option to display specified subsets of alarms conditions by
severity is also provided.
Reporting of Analog Parameters 5
Upon user request, the ITM-SC and ITM-CIT can report the values of the laser
bias current and optical transmitted power (derived from backface current) of any
STM-16 unit in the system. In addition, the value of the optical received power is
reported, provided the STM-16 port unit in question actually supports this
parameter in its hardware.
State 5
An on-demand report displays the equipment and the equipment status.
Equipment report contains:

■ equipment
■ location
■ circuit pack type
■ version
■ slot status, (the slot status can be auto or equipped).


Equipment status contains:

■ equipment
■ location
■ circuit pack type
■ port status (if applicable)
■ service status (if applicable).
Version/equipment List 5
The version/equipment list report is an on-demand report that lists the circuit
packs version and the software generic (if applicable). This report also lists all of
the circuit packs that are present.
Synchronization Report 5
The synchronization report is an on-demand report that lists the status of the
system synchronization. This report lists all the clock parameters that can be
interrogated.


Provisioning 5
The system supports many system applications by its provisioning features.
Provisioning parameters are set by software control. These parameters vary from
one installation to the next, and a wide range of options or in-service changes can
be provisioned locally or remotely with the aid of an ITM-CIT or ITM-SC.
Default provisioning 5
Installation provisioning is minimized with carefully chosen default values/

parameters defined and maintained in the System Controller, and a simple
command can be given to restore all default values. All provisioning data is stored
in non-volatile memory to prevent data loss during power failures.
Automatic provisioning on replacement 5
Replacement of a faulty circuit pack is simplified by the automatic provisioning of

the original values. The system controller maintains a provisioning map of the
entire subrack so when a transmission or synchronization circuit pack is replaced,
the system controller automatically downloads values to the new circuit pack and
initiates testing of the new circuit pack. If the system controller itself is replaced,
provisioning data from a back-up database mounted in the ITM-SC, is
automatically downloaded to the new System Controller’s non-volatile memory
assumed it is empty.
If the controller database is not empty but valid, the choice is offered to download
or upload.
Provisioning reports 5
The provisioning report, which is made available to the ITM-SC on demand,

contains the current values of all electronically provisionable parameters.




8TR730-APG
66
Cross-Product Interworking 6
Overview 6
This chapter contains a brief description of the Lucent Technologies SDH systems
that interwork with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 in today’s telecommunications
networks. The application of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is briefly described in
Chapter 3, Applications.
For more detailed information, reference is made to the Application and Planning
Guide of the system concerned.


Cross-Product Interworking 8TR730-APG
Lucent Technologies SDH Product

Family 6
Lucent Technologies SDH Product family is well suited for PDH and SDH network
applications serving line rates from 1.5 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s. In addition, this
product line also accommodates asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). Lucent
Technologies designed the following members of the SDH product family which
can interwork with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1:
■ GlobeView, Broadband System (ATM)
■ WaveStar™ OLS 80G
■ WaveStar™ OLS 400G
■ WaveStar™ BWM
■ WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1
■ WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 SDH multiplex system
■ WaveStar™ TM1 and AM1
■ SDH Radio Systems
■ ISM, current generation SDH multiplexers
■ SLM, current generation SDH line system
■ PHASE, current generation SDH line/multiplex systems
■ WaveStar™ EOW
■ ITM-SC Controller, an Element Management system for the SDH
Multiplexer and Transport System
■ ITM-NM, a Network Management system for transport networks.
■ ITM-PRM, a dynamic network analyzer
■ ITM-DNA, a physical resource management system
From a network point of view, SDH is the answer to the rapidly changing demand
for services on the one hand, and on the other the increasing cost of implementing
these services in switching equipment. The latter means that the switching
equipment has to provide for larger and larger areas to keep cost per line at an
economical level. This causes an increase in the deployment of transmission
systems because the average distance between subscribers and the central
exchange (and also the distance between exchanges) increases. The cost
penalty for extra transmission equipment was relatively low thanks to new
developments in transmission technology (e.g. optical fiber).
The existing (plesiochronous digital hierarchy - PDH) transmission network is

structured with a fixed multiplex architecture (2/8, 8/34, 34/140 Mbit/s). Digital
distribution frames are installed between the multiplex equipment where the signal
cabling is connected. The routing of some of the data streams is established with
these connections. The other streams are demultiplexed to 2 Mbit/s and
connected to the exchange. Making changes in such a transmission network


requires manual action and accurate administration. So flexibility is not optimal

and operating costs increase when the demand is changing continuously.


Network systems 6
GlobeView 6
The multimedia revolution is assisted by asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

technology that allows data, voice, image and video to be carried simultaneously
over the same medium.
Introduced in 1993, Lucent Technologies GlobeView Broadband System provides

a family of products for building ATM-based networks.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System is perfectly suited
to providing network transport capabilities for GlobeView service nodes,
GlobeView-ATM Switches and Multiplexers.
Management of GlobeView products is taken care of by means of the GlobeView

ATM Module accommodated in ITM-NM.
WaveStar™ OLS 80G DWDM system 6
Because the demand from customers for extra capacity is growing every day,
there is a limiting factor for most network operators: the number of available
fibers!
By using the WaveStar™ OLS 80G system together with the WaveStar™ ADM
16/1 system, it is possible to enhance the span capacity by a factor of 16. By
using small spectrum lasers (read: STM-16 line circuit packs for direct connection,
indirect via optical translator units over STM-1, 4, 16) in the WaveStar™
ADM 16/ 1 system, all of which have their own individual wavelengths, it is
possible to connect the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 with this DWDM system.
Distances of up to 640 km can be bridged by using the WaveStar™ OLS 80G
system together with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
See figure 6.1.
WaveStar™ OLS 400G DWDM system 6
The WaveStar™ OLS 400G fully-open architecture enables carriers to

simultaneously mix and match for the first time combinations of 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-
16) and 10 Gbit/s (STM-64) SDH channels over one fiber. Adding to its versatility
the WaveStar OLS 400G is the first system to support a combination off 2.5 Gbit/s
(STM-16) and 10 Gbit/s (STM-64) equipment from a variety of vendors.
The WaveStar OLS 400G is designed as a single broadband platform to be cost

effective, even when used in small, start-up configurations. The WaveStar system
gives any service provider the flexibility to upgrade up to 80 channels by adding
optical DWDM circuit packs two channels at a time, rather than in larger
increments. With advanced operational features such as optical add/drop and


gain control built into the Lucent WaveStar system, service providers can
automatically tailor channel configurations to match bandwidth needs. The
WaveStar OLS 400G is available with a network management system for
integrated administration of the optical and SDH layers.
See Figure 6-1
ADM16/1 ADM 16/1
Regenerator
ADM 16/1 λ1 λ1 ADM 16/1
ADM 16/1 DWDM ADM 16/1

DWDM
λn
OLS Regenerators
λn
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
Figure 6-1. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Interworking with WaveStar™ OLS 80G
(n=16) or OLS 400G (n=80)
WaveStar™ BWM 6
The WaveStar™ BandWidth Manager is the best path to convergence for layered
bandwidth management in one network element. The WaveStar™ BandWidth
Manager integrates all access and transport rings within a network and efficiently
manages bandwidth among these rings via modular, scalable synchronous
transport mode (STM), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and internet protocol
(IP) fabrics. The three switching fabrics are surrounded by a common input/output
and managed by a common system controller.
Features:
■ Operational savings
■ Increased reliability
■ Integrated optical line systems
■ Future proof - scalable networks
■ Substantial first equipment cost savings
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 6
The WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 is the latest cross-connect system from Lucent
Technologies. It is a large-capacity SDH 4/4/3/3/1 cross-connect system. It can
operate in any of the following modes:
■ Broadband (4/4) mode


■ Wideband (4/3/1) mode

■ Broadband/Wideband (4/4/3/1) mode.
In all three modes, the WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 has an initial maximum capacity
of 256 STM-1 equivalents with a planned upgrade to 512 STM-1 equivalents.
Furthermore, Lucent’s proven multivendor world-class network manager, ITM-NM,
integrates WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 into Lucent’s complete SDH network offering.
Based on Lucent’s experience with large SDH networks, the WaveStar™ DACS
4/4/1 provides the following benefits:
■ Large capacity cross-connect that is cost effective in small and large
configurations
■ Highly reliable cross-connect in which all service affecting components are
either triply or doubly protected against equipment failure
■ Broadband (4/4) restoration vehicle that increases broadband network
reliability when combined with the ITM-NM network manager. When
operating in 4/4 mode the WaveStar TM DACS 4/4/1 provides for system
expansion to 512 STM-1 equivalents and an ultimate growth potential to
2048. This fully EMC and ESD-compliant product cross-connects AU-4s
and AU-3s with a maximum transit delay of 15 microseconds.
■ Wideband (4/1) restoration vehicle that increases wide band network
reliability when combined with the ITM-NM network manager. When
operating in 4/1 mode, the WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 provides the same
basic feature set as the former DACS VI and provides for system
expansion to 512 STM-1 equivalents with an ultimate growth potential to
1024. However, WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 is primarily designed for SDH to
make it more suitable as a network restoration and grooming vehicle. The
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 and DACS VI can be used in the same network,
and both systems can be managed by the same network manager, ITM-
NM.
■ Wideband grooming capability that allows the customer to improve network
efficiency by optimizing bandwidth usage.
■ 4/4/1 cross-connect that provides fast provisioning of wide band and
broadband services as well as other network provisioning. WaveStar™
DACS 4/4/1 is an excellent choice for applications in the trunk/junction part
of the network. When operating in 4/4/1 mode, the WaveStar™
DACS 4/4/ 1 combines the capabilities of a 4/4 cross-connect and a 4/1
cross-connect. Having the 4/4/1 functionality contained in a single cost-
effective and flexible cross-connect not only results in lower equipment
costs but also improves network manageability, especially when used in
combination with ITM-NM.
When connected to Lucent Technologies next generation WaveStar TM

DACS 4/4/1, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can function as a vast hub multiplexer.
WaveStar TM DACS 4/4/1 and WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be interconnected via
the following interfaces:


■ STM-1 optical
■ STM-1 electrical
The optical interfaces can be MSP protected.
Today, the WaveStarTM DACS 4/4/1 can cross-connect fully non-blocking a

maximum of 256 x STM-1s. Cross-connecting at VC-4, VC-3, VC-2 and VC-12
level is supported (4/4/3/2/1 DXC). The WaveStarTM DACS 4/4/1 distinguishes
itself from other vendors DXC systems because of the very short AU-4 transit
delay of approximately 15 microseconds. The system is growable to 512 x STM-
1s Wideband (AUx or TUx) capacity and 1024/2048 STM-1s broadband (AUx).
Like the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1, the system is managed by ITM (see Figure 6-2)
ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1
DACS 4/4/1
ADM 16/1
ADM 16/1
Figure 6-2. WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 interworking with WaveStarTM ADM

DACS 4/4/1
WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 6
The WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 system has as the main application to give access to
an SDH network. It can work in both synchronous and asynchronous
environments. Further, it contains an advanced pointer processing feature to
eliminate phase shifts so it can be used for wireless base stations that need to be
in perfect synchronization with the master station. The system can be used as a
terminal multiplexer / dual terminal multiplexer (126 x 2 Mbit/s) or as an add/ drop
multiplexer for up to 63 x 2 Mbit/s or a Hub Multiplexer for up to 5 STM-1
interfaces. It can be used in a large variety of network types such as rings, stars
and strings. It has advanced protection mechanisms such as card protection,
MSP, path protection and SNCP. Synchronization could come from various
sources such as from 2 Mbit/s tributary, STM-1 aggregate incoming signal, STM-1
tributary incoming signal or an external 2 MHz clock.
The WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 consists of a shelf with 1 supervision slot and 6 flexible
slots that can contain units with one or more of the following functionalities: 16 x 2
Mbit/s tributaries, 32 x 2 Mbit/s tributaries, 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s tributary, STM-1
optical or electrical line interface, STM-4 optical line interface, transfer for the add/
drop function. All boards have on-board power converters. In case of card
protection, 2 Mbit/s switches are mounted on the connecting field of the shelf.


The WaveStar™ ADM 4/1 is controlled by and managed by Lucent Technologies

Integrated Transport Management (ITM) for network and element level
management.
WaveStar™ AM1 &TM1veStar™ 6
The WaveStar™ TM 1 & AM 1 is a compact and cost-effective STM-1 multiplexer

designed to be installed at the customer’s premises or street cabinets for fiber-to-
the-business, fiber-to-the curb and fiber-to-the office applications. The
WaveStar™ AM 1 will support either add-drop or terminal multiplexer applications.
Its’ space-efficient design allows for wall-mounting or rack mounting in non-
environmentally controlled locations. The WaveStar™ TM 1 & AM 1 supports
additional options (16) 2 Mbit/s E1 ports or (2) 34 Mbit E3 ports. The WaveStar™
TM 1 & AM 1 measures 430 x 200 x 280 mm (H x D x W) and provides for a wall-
mounted or rack-mounted unit.
SDH Radio systems 6
To enhance the applicability of SDH and to provide full flexibility in network design,
the range of Lucent Technologies SDH products includes a family of SDH STM-1
digital radio systems.
Digital radio systems are the preferred solution for otherwise inaccessible areas
due to terrain or right-of-way limitations, as well as for back-up configurations.
The SDH radio equipment is designed to operate in frequency bands with 30, 40
or 55 MHz channel spacing, as defined in the relevant ITU-R Recommendations.
Each radio channel can carry one STM-1 signal that can be utilized in several
ways.
The SDH radio equipment provides for transmission of multiple STM-1 signals,
realized either as protected or as unprotected configurations. Mapping has been
integrated for PDH applications, making a 140 Mbit/s PDH interface available.
Changeover between 140 Mbit/s PDH and 155 Mbit/s SDH is easily implemented
by the simple setting of switches. The 155 Mbit/s can support the DCC channels
for communicating with other equipment after radio transmission.
Supervisory system 6
The SDH Radio system can be provided with a Q adapter for connection to the
Lucent Technologies element manager (ITM-SC). The inclusion of the radio
system in the Lucent Technologies SDH product portfolio offers supervision of the
complete network by the same element manager.


ISM 6
The ISM Intelligent Synchronous Multiplexer is a network multiplexer primarily

designed to flexibly multiplex plesiochronous tributaries into 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) or
622 Mbit/s (STM-4) aggregate signals, which are transmitted through single mode
optical fibers.
The ISM system consists of one platform. A platform is a family of equipment and
software configurations designed to support a particular set of applications. These
applications include:
■ ISM-1 Terminal
■ ISM-1 Fibers Add/Drop Terminal
■ ISM-4 Terminal
■ ISM-4 Fibers Add/Drop Terminal.
SLM 6
The SLM is a high-capacity optical line multiplexer that transmits digitally encoded
information through single-mode optical fibers at STM-16 level. The SLM provides
for 16 times STM-1 (electrical or optical) and/or CEPT-4 (140 Mbit/s, electrical)
multiplex and transport capacity.
The SLM consists of three platforms. A platform is a family of equipment and

software configurations designed to support a particular set of applications:
■ End terminal regenerators
■ Regenerators
■ Add/drop terminals.
These different platforms enable the SLM to offer a full range of features for
different network applications:
■ Hubbing (remote multiplexing)
■ (Un)protected point-to-point
■ Mixing PDH, SDH and ATM combinations
■ MS-SPRing
■ Line protection (MSP)
■ Single fiber operations (Single BiDi, WMM)
■ Add/drop ring and linear add/drop applications
■ High capacity
■ Long distance
■ Cross-connect operations.


The SLM software enables the platforms to be upgraded with new features when
they become available.
WaveStar™ EOW 6
The engineering order wire (EOW) system is required by many operators for their
private voice communications: it is used for commissioning and maintenance
purposes but also to communicate along a parallel-utility network.This system is
compatible with the whole Lucent Technologies SDH network element range.It is
a stand-alone device.
Main features of the EOW are:

■ Selective calling
■ Group calling
■ Global call
■ Ring protection switching
The typical application is illustrated in Figure 6-3
EOW
EOW ADM
SDH SDH Transport

Cross- sub-network ADM
connect
EOW
ADM
EOW
Figure 6-3. WaveStar™ EOW in SDH rin


Network Management Systems 6
ITM 6
The Lucent Technologies integrated transport management, abbreviated to ITM,

offers modularity in management functionality, enabling Lucent Technologies to
offer a customized set of management capabilities, dependent on the individual
customer requirements.
The possible functionality of ITM in terms of ITU-management classes is:

■ Fault and event management
■ Configuration management
■ Performance management
■ Testing management
■ Security management.
This functionality can be configured according to network management

requirements on various levels, varying in size and functionality, thereby providing
the possibility of maximally matching the network providers management needs,
and accommodating a tunable system for the variety of wishes that network
operators worldwide have.
This structure makes it possible to commence basic management capabilities at

moderate costs at the beginning of a project, and add management functions
when the network evolves to more sophisticated management capabilities.
Service Management Open Application

Design System Programming Interface
ITM
Network
Module
GlobeView
ITM-SC ITM-XM ATM Module
WaveStarTM WaveStarTM GlobeView

SDH Radio ISM/SLM
ADM 16/1 DACS 4/4/1 ATM
Figure 6-4. ITM concept


To satisfy the management needs in various network management centers, ITM

can be offered in different configurations, depending on the needs in the particular
management centers, offering management functionality in a tailored fashion.
Extension of capabilities of ITM with another management module, or addition of

functionality within a module is realized by upgrading software, and might involve
additional hardware.
ITM is compliant with the ITU architecture and recommendations mentioned in

G.784. ITM will provide standardized open Q-type interfaces.
Based on the required network management functions and used network

elements, different modules are used to form the ITM:
ITM-SC, a network element management system for the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1,
ISM/SLM and SDH radio.
ITM-XM, a network management system for the WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1.
GlobeView ATM module, a network element management system for GlobeView

Broadband Systems.
ITM-NM, a network management system for transport networks.
ITM-SC 6
The element management system ITM-SC was developed to aid in the operation
of SDH networks. The ITM-SC is a centralized management system for use with
SDH network elements, which are interconnected either by optical or metallic
lines operating at STM-1 (155 Mbit/s), STM-4 (622 Mbit/s) or STM-16 (2.5 Gbit/s).
The management functions in the ITM-SC include both mediation and operation
(OS) functions. It is also possible to relocate the OS functions to a physically
separate system, leaving the ITM-SC to perform the role of mediator. In the
absence of an OS, management can be performed using the network element
local interface (ELI), which employs a large set of MML commands and a remote
access feature to enable a user at one network element to perform and control
and monitoring functions at any other connected network element. The Q2/Q3
model chosen for the ITM-SC is consistent with current thinking within the
international standards community, in which Lucent Technologies NSI participates
actively. Low-level filtering and message processing is performed and a higher
level Q3 interface is provided. Since the standards are not yet finalized, any
changes for ITM-SC to comply with the finalized version will be made as required.
ITM-NM 6
The ITM-NM performs management for transport networks.
The ITM-NM is a management-oriented system for telecommunications

infrastructure networks consisting of 4/4 and 4/1 digital cross-connect systems


and SDH Network elements. It is use to manage transport and junction networks.
It holds equipment and network configuration functions, fault management
functions, performance management capabilities, as well as basic test
management aspects. In addition, ITM-NM performs administration of spare
capacity on the 140 Mbit/s and STM-1 links and execution of alternate routing
commands and restoration plans for end-to-end paths on 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s and
140 Mbit/s as well as VC-4 level.
ITM-DNA 6
ITM-DNA is a new member of the Lucent Technologies - service ready software -

integrated transport management (ITM) product family. ITM-DNA provides a con-
solidated view for the data of a SONET/SDH transport network and allows a user
to access, query, report and analyze the network data on ad hoc basis without
impacting performance of operations support systems. Where members like ITM-
NM and ITM-SNC aim at controlling a network and network elements specifically,
ITM-DNA aims at informing users and other systems about the network in such a
way that they get a clear understanding about what’s actually going on in the net-
work, tailored to their specific task.
ITM-PRM 6
The integrated transport management - physical resource management (ITM

PRM) system supports transport and service path design configuration, and
network inventory management in the telecommunications management network
(TMN) provisioning environment.
In addition, ITM-PRM manages the entire provisioning process, from the time an
implementation request is received until physical implementation has been
completed.
More specifically, for a given provisioning request, ITM-PRM provides the

following support:
■ accepts pre-sale inquiry and component reservations,
■ accepts the request for transport or service orders, including new connect,
reconfiguration, or disconnect requests,
■ Central office physical network configurations,
■ designs and verifies the network element paths for the orders,
■ assigns network inventory based on the network element configuration,
and customer operational requirements,
■ resource management,
■ assigns individual ports on circuit packs,
■ formats work order output to support physical implementation and testing,


■ orchestrates delivery of work order data in proper sequence to downstream

implementation, maintenance, and surveillance systems, and
■ tracks implementation request through completion.


8TR730-APG
7
Physical design 7
Introduction 7
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is Lucent Technologies’ third generation of SDH

equipment. In particular in the mechanical design of the system, the overall
system requirements of compact design and flexibility where given special
attention. This system has a volume of only one third of its previous generation.
To get big functional units, a design based on ETSI 600 x 600-mm footprint was
developed. To keep the equipment on the right temperature over the whole
operating temperature range, fans were introduced. These fans assure a uniform
temperature pattern in the system for a reliable and long equipment life.
Another system requirement is its flexibility. On the STM-16 line side a variety of
line port units can be placed and especially with the 9 tributary slots, almost every
combination of trib units is possible. As a consequence, configurations with the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 are so flexible that at the moment of deployment, almost
no precautions have to be made to be future proof for many years.


Physical design 8TR730-APG
The Subrack 7
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subrack constructed in the new D700 construction is
based on the ETSI floor space of 600x600 mm. Two subracks can be housed in
an ETSI compliant rack.
The dimensions of the subrack are 750x500x545 mm (HxWxD). It is designed for

front and rear access and consists of two major parts:
1. The equipment area that accommodates the plug-in units from front and
backside.
2. The airflow areas of which one is located at the bottom of the subrack and
one at the top. The lower airflow area is equipped with three self-contained
fan units. Via the area at the top the cooling air exits the subrack.
Two out of three fans are enough for adequate cooling. In case of a malfunction a
fan unit can be replaced in a subrack that is operational. The correct operation of
the fans is monitored by an alarm system. The lower airflow area with fans is
separated from the equipment area with a removable dust filter.
Figure 7-1. Subrack:
In the subrack there is room for:

■ Two STM-16 line port units
■ Two power and timing units (PTU) which operate in the 1+1 protection
mode. One PTU can feed the whole subrack.
■ Two cross-connect Units (CC) in 1+1 protection mode can be housed. If no
equipment protection is needed, one unit is sufficient.


■ One System Controller (SC) acts as the control interface to the Element
Management Systems. The SC also handles the DCC channel. The SC is
not involved in line or tributary transmission aspects and also the CC
settings stay unchanged when the SC is removed.
■ Additional 9 places for tributary slots are available.
The subrack is closed by metal face and rear plates with metal spring contacts.
The subrack with metal cover plates forms the EMC boundary of the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1. Light guides are placed in the face plate in such a way, that the LED’s
on the SC can be monitored without opening the EMC area.
For ESD precautions, a person installing equipment must carry a bracelet. On

front and backside of the Lucent Technologies racks an earth contact is provided
to connect the bracelet to.


The printed circuit boards 7
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subrack can accommodate a number of circuit packs.
From the front side the big, almost rectangular, packs with a size of 3N can be
inserted with the help of two latches per pack.
The so called paddle boards can be used at the rear side of the backplane. For
each tributary unit, these paddle boards have to be used, in case of conversion
and/or protection. Paddleboards are mechanically secured with a bar in the back
of the system. Of the two paddle boards per slot the upper one sends its
connecting cables to the top and the lower one sends its cables to the bottom of
the subrack.
All circuit packs make use of the new 2 mm pitch connector system as generally
used with the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
There is one front inserted circuit pack which differs in size, namely the power and
timing pack with a height of 1.5N. Those packs are located at the very right side of
the subrack.
Apart from the System Controller which has several LEDs all other front packs
have a LED for alarm purposes. On the optical paddle boards LEDs are also
planned.


The dual WDM unit 7
A dual WDM unit can be placed in the subrack at the back. This unit supports co-
and contra directional operation.
Within the WDM kit a bracket a bracket is included to mount the optical unit. 4
optical 0 dB SC connectors connect the two STM-16 units using universal
connectors for FC built-outs. The two outputs are made with universal connectors
with support SC of FC optical connectors.
With an extra bracket a second WDM can be mounted in the first WDM, which is
placed within the subrack.


The interconnection box 7
Suppress
STAT CLOCK STAT ALM MDIO QLAN1 CITQ 10BT
OUT1 IN1 OUT2 IN2 F1-1 F1-2
EOW1 EOW2 EOW3 EOW4
QLAN2
ITM-CIT
Figure 7-2. Interconnection box
The interconnection box forms the physical interface for the permanent and semi
permanent supervision interfaces of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. A suppress
button like on the SC makes it possible to suppress alarms without opening the
EMC boundary of the subrack.
The ICB is part of the subrack, but it has no cover in front of it.
A number of interfaces are available on the interconnection box for:

■ Timing
■ Suppress button outside the EMC-boundary (similar to System Controller)
■ Station alarms
■ Miscellaneous discretes
■ Access to overhead bytes
■ ITM interfaces.
Table 7-1. Connectors
Connector Connector Type Use

STATION CLOCK IN 1 D-SUB 9P MALE External Timing input 1
STATION CLOCK IN 2 D-SUB 9P MALE External Timing input 2
STATION CLOCK OUT 1 D-SUB 9P FEMALE External Timing output 1
STATION CLOCK OUT 2 D-SUB 9P FEMALE External Timing output 2
STATION ALARM D-SUB 25P FEMALE Station Alarm cabling
F1-1 D-SUB 15P FEMALE Access to user overhead
bytes, V.11 provisionable
F1-2 D-SUB 15P FEMALE Access to user overhead
bytes, V.11 provisionable
EOW1 D-SUB 9P FEMALE Access to user overhead
bytes, G.703 provisionable


Table 7-1. Connectors

MD I/O D-SUB 25P FEMALE Miscellaneous input and
outputs
CIT Q MODULAR JACK 8P ITM-CIT connection
10BT MODULAR JACK 8P ITM SC connection, (Twisted
Pair Ethernet)
QLAN1 BNC 50 Ohm Q-LAN cabling
FEMALE
QLAN2 BNC 50 Ohm Q-LAN cabling
FEMALE
7I


Face plates for front access units 7
It is possible to equip the front access units with face plate. These face plates are
designed in such, that mounting is also possible on already deployed units. In this
way it is possible to create a uniform front sight of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 with
the front subrack cover removed.
The face plates are fully EMC and ESD safe.
For empty places dummy units are available in all sizes.


ETSI compliant racks 600x600 mm 7
Lucent Technologies can provide a number of dedicated ETSI compliant racks for
housing of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subracks.
Table 1:
Rack Type Remarks
ETSI Rack Frame 2200x600x600 mm (HxWxD) assembled
ETSI Rack Frame 2200x600x600 mm (HxWxD) as a kit
ETSI Rack Frame 2600x600x600 mm (HxWxD) assembled
ETSI Rack Frame 2600x600x600 mm (HxWxD) as a kit
Earthquake Proof Rack 2000x600x600 mm Assembled; zone 4 proof
(HxWxD)
The racks are equipped with full height doors on the front and the back. The 2600-
mm rack version has a separate cover, which can be placed above the doors in
case top access is required. The same cover can be placed under the doors when
bottom access (for instance with computer floors) is required.
The assembled version of the 2600-mm rack is intended for top access.
Every rack can house two subracks.
There are limits in cabling flexibility related to the rack size. In general, the higher
the rack the more flexible the cabling philosophy.
Each rack has two alarm lamps on front and back side for prompt and deferred
maintenance alarms. The equivalent lamps of front and backside are set in
parallel.
The four ETSI racks have standard improved fiber management. This means that
fibers in the rack are housed in a tube which separates them from the electrical
cables. So the fiber cables that are more vulnerable, are better protected and bow
radii are also better maintained.
The ETSI racks have got one fiber guide standard mounted over the full working
length of the rack.
For distribution of the power within the racks towards the subrack, a Power
Distribution panel is needed. The panel has a function to secure the power
network, by using automatic fuses, included as well.


Horizontal Connector Plate 7
The horizontal connector plate (HCP) is situated at the top of a rack. It is a

combination of two metal plates covering together the whole 600x600 mm of rack
surface in the top. The plates are completely filled with ‘holes’ to mount D-sub
connectors. So the intra-rack 2 Mbit/s cabling ends on this position. The customer
can connect its dedicated station cable to the corresponding D-sub connector of
the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. The HCP is also used to mount the 34 Mbit/s up to
STM-1e coax cabling. Two coax cables are used together with an adapter filler
plate to mount two APT-1000 contacts (male) in the recoup.
The 2600 mm rack has enough room for two subracks with the intra rack cabling
and the curves needed for the cabling. Within a 2200 mm rack, there is not
enough bending area for the great number of 2 Mbit/s intra rack cabling area and
there a lot of limitations become visible if two subracks have to be housed. Then
the semi prefab cabling is a big relief..
Table 7-2. Overview of interface types, cables and connector
Connector type on Number of cables/

Interface type Cable type connector plate connectors per slot
2Mbit/s COAX 25 pins D-sub 16 8-fold
2Mbit/s UTP 25 pins D-sub 16 8-fold
34/45 Mbit/s COAX APT-1000V 24 coax
140 Mbit/s COAX APT-1000V 8 coax
STM-1e COAX APT-1000V 8 coax
STM-0o OPTICAL Universal Built-out 24 fibers
STM-1o OPTICAL Universal Built-out 8 fibers
Both the short haul and the long haul versions of STM-1 do support SC
connectors too.


Fiber Connector Conversion Kit 7
Today the number of optical channels, that from a mechanical or layout

perspective can be placed on a board, is strongly dependent on the size of the
optical send receiver module. The pitch between two modules depends heavily on
the optical connector used.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports FC and SC optical connectors. The most
recent used optical modules for STM-1 and STM-0 make use of the LC connector;
a miniature high performance connector design by Lucent Technologies.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports two ways of optical connector conversion:
1. In order to support FC and SC connectors, a fiber connector conversion kit
has been defined. A total of 64 optical connections per subrack can be
adapted in rack to the customer connector. This is enough to convert a
completely filled subrack with STM-1 optical units from LC towards FC or
SC.
The optical conversion is done by a fiber with length of 0.5 m and an LC

connector at one end and the universal connector at the other side. With
the 0 dB adapter in the universal connector, the connector can be made FC
or SC. Ordering is per 4 fibers, 0 dB adapters and mounting material in one
orderable kit. The kit is defined in a way that 4 is the smallest number of
optical interfaces per paddle board, and thus the smallest number that can
be ordered. The customer does not have to order more conversion cables
then needed with start up.
2. When conversion in the rack is no prerequisite longer conversion cables
can be used. There is a number of cables which can be used from the
optical system paddle board directly to the optical distribution frame (ODF).
Both LC to FC and LC to SC are supported
These cables are also necessary when a number of optical contacts larger than
64 must be converted.
Table 7-3.
Length LC to FC LC to SC
5m yes Yes
10 Yes Yes
15 Yes Yes
20 Yes Yes
25 yes yes


Improved in rack fiber guidance 7
In the latest racks standard improved fiber guidance is implemented.
The guides are square pipes mounted in the space between subrack and rack. In
these pipes an endless cord is mounted to support the installing of fibers during
installation or to install more fibers if the system is already operational.
The first fiber guides are mounted at the right of a rack looking from a front
perspective. The initial guides are used for the STM-16 fibers and a limited
number of for instance STM-1 optical fibers. When more fibers are used in a
system, more guides should be mounted. It is important to realize, that due to the
inflexibility of the guide material, mounting of fiber guides with subracks in place is
not possible and the guides have to be mounted in a rack in the beginning.
When electrical and optical units are mixed in one rack, the fibers must be kept at
the right and the electrical cabling at the left of the subracks. If only optical
tributary interfaces are used, then fiber guides can be mounted at the left and the
right.
Table 7-4.
Number of fiber guides

Fiber size Max number of 1 subrack 2 subracks
fibers
1.5 mm 20 1 2
1.5 mm 40 3 5
3 mm 18


Cabling 7
The trend in the digital transmission industry is a rapid decrease in equipment

volume and a rapid increase in density. This trend is particularly noticeable with
the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1, Lucent Technologies’
new generation of SDH equipment, has a very compact design. This causes a
challenge for the mechanical engineers who are responsible for the design of the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 connections to the outside world, the transmission cabling.
This is true for the electrical as well as for the optical cabling. For the WaveStar
ADM 16/1 a couple of new transmission cables has been designed. A new set of
smaller cables was necessary to connect the great number of circuits in a
WaveStar ADM 16/1 to the DDF and the ODF.
Alternatives:
For electrical low and high frequent cabling and for fiber connections, the
WaveStar ADM 16/1 system supports two methods for transmission cabling:
1. On rack level an interface with standard electrical connectors (sub-D or
APT-1000) and for fiber the customer requested connector (FC or SC) is
delivered. The connection from the system to DDF or ODF is realized with
customer defined cabling.
2. Semi prefab cabling with the 2-mm pitch equipment connector at one side
for electrical cabling. LC connector on one fiber side and SC or FC
connectors at the other end and fibers with sufficient length to go directly
from equipment to the ODF.
Both methods have there own advantages.
Table 7-5.
A: Customer Cabling B: Semi Prefab Cabling

Expansive, one extra contact needed Lowest cost
Less flexible with expansion later Most flexible with expansion later
Local cable buy; exact cable length Cable to be ordered with a certain
possible during installation length; losses possible
For 75 Ohm coax expansive cable 75 Ohm via symmetrical lower cost
needed cable and Balun connector
Different cables needed for 75 Ohm For 75 and 120 Ohm the same cable
and 120 Ohm can be used
For lengths greater then 30 m


2 Mbit/s W aveStar ADM 16/1 Cabling Concept

I: Semi-Prefab Cabling II: No Cabling III: Intra Rack Cabling
•plt-2 solution •plt-1+2 solution •plt-1+2 solution
•120 Ohm PB’s •120 Ohm PB’s •120 + 75 Ohm PB’s
•Preferred Solution •small numbers only •Used with Custom er
•M ax flexibility •2 mm connectors Specific Cable
in equipment file
Cable Lenghts •only with UTP cable
8,15,22,30 m
UTP Connectors Prefab Cables

D-Sub in with D-Sub
equipment
75 Ohm 120 Ohm STP 120 Ohm file
75 Ohm via 75 Ohm via
low cost Balun EM C close B alun
APT-1000 male APT-1000 male
75 Ohm Coax 120 Ohm STP
1.6/5.6 fem ale 1.6/5.6 female 10 m 10 m
1.0/2.3 fem ale 1.0/2.3 female 15 m 15 m
BT 43 male BT 43 male 20 m 20 m
BNC fem ale BNC fem ale 25 m 25 m
30 m 30 m
Customer Cabling option A 7
7Prefabricated cables used as intra-rack cabling
The customer interface is situated in the top of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 rack at
the Horizontal Connector Plate (HCP) outside the subracks, outside the EMC
boundary. Here a maximum of 1008 2 Mbit/s channels can be connected
dependent of the rack size.
The connector philosophy is the same as used for ISM and SLM. That means
SUB-D connectors for 2 Mbit/s for both 75 Ohm and 120 Ohm. The ISM prefab
cables can be reused for the 2 MBit/s WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 connections.
Pre-fabricated cables already in use with ISM speed up the installation work
enormously, since no connectors have to be mounted in the field, which is very
time consuming. Also, the quality of the connections will be much higher. And all
cables are tested before they are shipped, so the number of cables that need to
be repaired during installation test drops significantly.
For STM-1e, 34, 45 and 140 Mbit/s the APT-1000 coax connector is reused. For
these frequencies no prefab cables from the HCP to the DDF is available. The
cables from the APT-1000 contact on the HCP to the DDF is as with ISM and SLM
constructed in the field during installation. In the field cable manufacturing is of
course also possible for the 2 Mbit/s cabling.


Semi prefab electrical cabling option B 7
A concept of semi-prefab cables for the 2 Mbit/s connection had been developed.
This means that the equipment side of a 2 Mbit/s cable is pre-connected with the
2-mm equipment connector. The cable is available in 8,15,22 and 30 m such that
most equipment to DDF distances can be bridged.
For a number of reasons Lucent has developed one type of 2 Mbit/s cable for 75
as well as for 120 Ohm. This means that it is possible to use shielded twisted pair
(STP) cable to connect the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 to the DDF. The impedance
transformation for 75 Ohm is realized in a special so-called Balun connector that
can directly be connected to the customer DDF.
Lucent supports the 1.6/5.6, BT-43, BNC and the APT-1000 connectors on the 75-
Ohm side of the DDF.
For the lowest cost a solution with UTP cable is possible. Wire wrap to a 120-Ohm
DDF or even using a low cost non-EMC close Balun for 75-Ohm connectivity is
possible. Cable lengths identical as for the STP cable: 8,15,22 and 30 m.
The semi prefab cables can be connected, with the equipment connector side,
directly to the 120-Ohm paddle boards 2-mm Pitch connector.
There is a third way to connect cables to the WaveStar ADM 16/1 and that is
completely field made cables.
There are installation tools available to connect cable with the correct
specifications to a 2-mm pitch connector with IDC contacts. This is however,
because of the expected unreliability of the connections and the expansive tools a
non-preferred solution. Only used for limited repair functions.




8TR730-APG
8
System Planning and
Engineering 8
Overview 8
This chapter summarizes the descriptive information used for system planning. It
describes the basic engineering rules for the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer
and Transport System.


System Planning and Engineering 8TR730-APG
Network Planning 8
There are a number of issues to consider when planning a network. Projected

customer requirements determine the network topology and traffic capacities
needed, both initially and in the future. These considerations drive, in their turn,
the equipment planning and physical installation. In addition synchronization and
management need to be planned.
The building constructed or selected to serve as a terminal office or repeater site

should be inspected and an overall plan developed before the equipment is
ordered and installed. This plan should consider the eventual system size and
include the following:
■ Synchronization
■ Protection
■ Capacity
■ Span length (Chapter 9)
■ Optical line loss budget (Chapter 9)
■ Floor-plan layout
■ Equipment interconnection (Chapter 9)
■ Cabling (Chapter 7)
■ Environmental considerations (Chapter 9)
■ Power planning (Chapter 9).
Lucent Technologies offers engineering and installation services to plan and

install the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system and related systems. For more
information about Lucent Technologies engineering and installation services refer
to Chapter 11 “Product Support”.


Network Synchronization 8
Introduction 8
The planning of the synchronization network should be considered for the

network as a whole. The guidelines for synchronization network engineering can
be found in ITU-T Recommendation G.803, Annex III. The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1
supports all synchronization features needed (as specified in ITU-T
Recommendation G.781, Option 1) to engineer the network synchronization
according to ITU-T Recommendations.
Careful consideration should be given to the correct design of the SDH network’s
synchronization. Proper synchronization engineering minimizes timing
instabilities, maintains quality transmission network performance and limits
network degradation due to unwanted propagation of network synchronization
faults.
The following list contains some key recommendations in respect to network

synchronization:
■ A group of inter-connected SDH network elements, which all contain an
internal clock according to G.813 option 1, like the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1,
form, from a synchronization point of view, a so-called "SEC sub-network".
All SDH network elements in this cloud provide each other timing
information via STM-N links. Such a network part should receive, via at
least two independent paths, synchronization from the network clock,
usually a PRC (See ITU-T Recommendation G.811) and a back-up clock
(usually an SSU according to G.812), in case the PRC fails.
■ 2 MHz and 2 MBit/s links are used to bring in the timing information from
the network clock into the SEC sub-network. The planning of the links
between the PRC and all SSUs in a network are part of the over-all
operator’s network synchronization plan.
■ Within the SEC sub-network the SDH network elements should be
configured in such way that each network element receives at least two
reference signals. Selection between the alternative references should be
based on the SSM protocol
■ When engineering the SEC sub-network synchronization one should avoid
that chains of SECs are present or can be formed which exceed the
number of 20 nodes (excluding SDH regenerators).
■ As a guideline, it is recommended to engineer the SEC sub-network
synchronization in such a way that undor no combination of two
independent failures, timing loops can be created or instabilities in the
reference selectors occur.
The WaveStarTM ADM-16/1 meets ITU-T Recommendation G.781 and supports

the following features to support the engineering of the synchronization network:


■ Possibility to assign STM-N inputs (both aggregate and tributary), 2 Mbit/s

traffic inputs and external synchronization inputs (2 MHz or 2 Mbit/s) as
references for the system or the external synchronization output.
■ Assignment/Unassignment of synchronization references. Up to 8
references can be assigned (two external timing inputs, two aggregate
interfaces and four tributary interfaces). Each can be provisioned with a
priority
■ Independent selection of references for the system clock and the external
timing output.
■ Optional enabling/disabling of the SSM algorithm.
■ Within the SSM algorithm it is possible to assign a fixed SSM value to any
incoming reference and to define a squelch threshold for the external
synchronization output


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System

Planning and Engineering 8
Subrack layout 8
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 program contains a subrack for applications up to 504
x 2 Mbit/s Add/Drop capacity or a maximum of 8 x STM-4. Dimensions: 750 x 500
x 545 (HxWxD) mm. This subrack is called the High-density subrack.
The system circuit packs are cooled by an integrated fan-unit. It forms part of the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 subrack. An InterConnection Box (ICB) will be delivered
together with this subrack and can be mounted above or below this subrack in the
rack. The following can be made available on the ICB: Overhead Channels,
Station Alarms, Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs and Outputs and several ITM
connectors.
High-density or 9 tributary-slot subrack 8
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 high-density subrack contains 16 slots in which the
following circuit packs can be inserted from the front:
Slot position Abbreviation Slot name

1 SC System Controller
2, 13 CC Cross-connect
3, 14 LINE Line-interface Position
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 TRIB 1-9 Tributary Interface Position
15, 16 PT Power and Timing


ICB
Slot Positions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
P
L L T 15
S C I C I
N TRIBUTARY N
C C C
E E
P
T 16
Figure 8-1. WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 high-density subrack
Overview of Position of Interface circuit packs in the

WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subrack 8
General 8
■ LINE slots: slot #3 and #14
■ TRIBUTARY slots: slot #4 up to #12
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subrack has a maximum 9 slots available for Tributary
circuit packs.
Exceptions to the rule 8
All tributary slots of the High-density subrack can be used for regular traffic, with
the following exceptions:
■ Slot 4:
In case an SI-1/4, PI-E4/4 or SPIA-1E4/4 (used in E4 or STM-1 electrical

mode) tributary unit is inserted in slot 4, this unit is always considered the
protecting unit in the 1:N (N = 1, .., 4) equipment protection scheme for


STM-1 electrical or E4 interface cards. This means that it is not possible to

have regular traffic carrying unit of those types in slot 4.
If case no STM-1 equipment protection is needed, this slot can be used for
one of the following cards:
■ PI-DS1/63 (protected or un protected)
■ PI-E1/63 (protected or unprotected)
■ PI-DS3/12 or PI-E3DS3/6+6 (protected or unprotected)
■ SA-1/4B (MSP protected or unprotected)
■ SI-S4.1/1 (MSP protected or unprotected)
■ SPIA-1E4/4 used in STM-1 optical mode (MSP protected or
unprotected)
■ SA-0/12 (MSP protected or unprotected).
■ IP-LAN/8 (protected or unprotected)
NOTE:
STM-1 electrical and E4 units can not be equipment protected at the same
time. The unit type entered in slot 4 determines whether STM-1E or E4
units can be protected.
■ Slot 12:
In case a PI-E1/63 or PI-DS1/63 tributary unit is inserted in slot 12, this unit
is always considered the protecting unit in the 1:N (N = 1, .., 8) equipment
protection scheme for E1 or DS1 interface cards. This means that it is not
possible to have regular traffic carrying unit of those types in slot 12.
If no 1.5 or 2 Mbit/s equipment protection is needed this slot can be used

by one of the following cards:
■ SPIA-1E4/4 used in STM-1E or E4 mode (unprotected only)
■ SI-1/4 (unprotected only)
■ PI-E4/4 (unprotected only)
■ IP-LAN/8 (unprotected)
NOTE:
DS1 and E1 units can not be equipment protected at the same time. The
unit type entered in slot 12 determines whether E1 or DS1 units can be
protected.


The following overview indicates the Tributary port circuit packs and the position
they can have in the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 subrack:
Possible slot position in

Circuit pack (CP) Function Circuit Pack Name WaveStarTM ADM 16/1
Tributary port 1.5 Mbit/s PI-DS1/63 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
signals - worker/unprotected
Tributary port 1.5 Mbit/s PI-DS1/63 12 (protects 4 through 11)
signals - eqpt. protection
Tributary port 2 Mbit/s signals - PI-E1/63 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
worker/unprotected
Tributary port 2 Mbit/s signals - PI-E1/63 12 (protects 4 through 11)
eqpt. protection
Tributary port 34 and 45 Mbit/s PI-E3DS3/6+6 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
Tributary port 34 and 45 Mbit/s PI-E3DS3/6+6 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
signals - eqpt. protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
Tributary port 45 Mbit/s signals PI-DS3/12 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
- worker/unprotected
Tributary port 45 Mbit/s signals PI-DS3/12 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
- eqpt. protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
Tributary port STM-0 signals - SA-0/12 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
worker/unprotected
Tributary port STM-0 signals - SA-0/12 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
MSP protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
Tributary port 140 Mbit/s PI-E4/4 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12
SPIA-1E4/4 (E4 mode)
Tributary port 140 Mbit/s PI-E4/4 4 (protects 5, 6, 7 and/or 8)
signals - eqpt. protection
SPIA-1E4/4 (E4 mode)
Tributary port STM-1E signals SI-1/4 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12
SPIA-1E4/4 (1E mode)
Tributary port STM-1E signals SI-1/4 4 (protects 5, 6, 7 and/or 8)
- eqpt. protection
SPIA-1E4/4 (1E mode)
Tributary port STM-1E signals SPIA-1E4/4 (1E mode) 7 (protects 6), 9 (protects 8) or
- MSP protection 11 (protects 10)
Tributary port STM-1O signals SA-1/4 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
SA-1/4B
SPIA-1E4/4 (1O mode)
Tributary port STM-1O signals SA-1/4B 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
- MSP protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
SPIA-1E4/4 (1O mode)


Tributary port STM-4 signals - SI-S4.1/1 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11

worker/unprotected
SI-L4.2/1
Tributary port STM-4 signals - SI-S4.1/1 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
MSP protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
SI-L4.2/1
LAN interface unprotected SI-S4.1/1 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11
LAN interface equipment SI-S4.1/1 5 (protects 4), 7 (protects 6), 9
protection (protects 8) or 11 (protects 10)
Circuit pack naming 8
The circuit packs described below can be used in the high-density subrack of the
WaveStar TM ADM 16/1. Some of the Interface circuit packs of the WaveStarTM
ADM 16/1 can be inserted in a Line or a Tributary slot, they are pin-compatible.
Circuit Pack (CP)

Name Description
SI Synchronous Interface
PI Plesiochronous Interface
IP Internet Protocol
SPIA Synchronous and Plesiochronous Adapter Interface
PB paddle board
SA Synchronous Adapter
TI Timing Interface
OI Optical Interface
LBPA Line Booster Pre-Amplifier
SC System Controller
CC Cross-Connect
PT-stnd Power and Timing CP standard
PT-str3 Power and Timing CP ± 0.37ppm
Interface Type Description
U 16.2 Ultra Long-haul, STM-16, 1550 nm
L 16.3 Long-haul optical, STM-16, 1550 nm
L 4.2 Long haul optical, STM-4, 1550 nm
S 4.1 Short haul optical, STM-4, 1310 nm
I 1.1 Intrastation optical, STM-1, 1310 nm


16EML.80x/1 (x from STM-16, 1550 nm, interworking with the WaveStar™

1 to 16) OLS80G
16EML.x/1 (x from STM-16, 1530- 1565 nm, interworking with the
9190 to 9585) WaveStar™ OLS400G
0 STM-0, 1310 nm
1 STM-1 electrical
E4 140 Mbit/s
DS3 45 Mbit/s
E3 34 Mbit/s
E1 2 Mbit/s
DS1 1.5 Mbit/s
LAN Local Area Network
paddle board Type Description
75 75 Ω through connection board, no protection relays
100 100 Ω converter, no protection relays
120 120 Ω converter, no protection relays
P75 75 Ω converter with protection relays
PP STM-1E/E4 protection selector/bridge (protection
version)
PW STM-1E/E4 protection selector/bridge (worker version)
Naming examples:
SPIA-1E4/4: Synchronous and Plesiochronous Adapter circuit pack, STM-1 and

140 Mbit/s, 4 channels per circuit pack.
PB-E1/P75/32: paddle board, 75 Ω, used for protection, 32 channels per paddle

board.
Core engineering WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 8
The core configuration of the WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 always consists of the
following.
Circuit
Pack (CP) Slot
Name Description Number position Remark
SC System Controller 1 1
- WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 1 n.a. 1
system software


- WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 backup 1 n.a. 2

software
CC Cross-Connect CPs 1 2 3
PT-stnd Power Filter and Timing CPs 1 16 4
Remarks:
1. System software is downloaded to the SC in the factory.
2. Backup software is delivered on tape (ITM-SC) or on a disk (ITM-CIT).
3. If CC protection is required, an additional CC circuit pack should be
engineered slot #13.
4. If PT protection is required, an additional PT circuit pack should be
engineered slot #15.
Depending on required hold-over stability, two versions of the PT circuit pack are
available
■ PT-stnd. This unit meets the specifications of G.813 option 1. Lifetime
oscillator accuracy: ± 4.6 ppm
■ PT-str3. This unit meets the specifications of G.813 option 1. Lifetime
oscillator accuracy: ± 4.6 ppm. In addition the hold-over stability for the first
24 hours of hold-over is specified at ± 0.37 ppm.
Line interface units 8
The following line interfaces are available now or supported from previous releases:
Slot
Circuit Pack (CP) Name Description position Remark
SI-L16.1/1 Line-port long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1310 nm, 3, 14 1, 3, 4, 5
according table L 16.1 in G.957, one
SI-L16.1/1B
interface per CP
SI-L16.1/1C
SI-L16.2/1B Line-port long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, 3, 14 1, 3, 5
according tables L 16.2 and L16.3 in
SI-L 16.2/1C
G.957, one interface per CP
SI-L16.2/1 Line-port long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, 3,14 1
2 dB better than tables L 16.2 and
L16.3 in G.957, one interface per CP
SI-L16.3/1 Line-port long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, 3,14 1, 3, 5
4 dB better than tables L 16.2 and
SI-L16.3/1B
L16.3 in G.957, one interface per CP
SI-L16.3/1X Factory selected line-port long-haul 2.5 3,14 1, 2, 3, 5
Gbit/s 1550 nm, 6 dB better than tables
SI-L16.3/1Y
L16.2 and L16.3 in G.957, one
Limited Availability ! interface per CP


SI-EMLU16.2/1 Interface Port 2.5 Gbit/s with EML 3, 14

transmitter to interwork with booster/
pre-amplifier, one interface per CP
LPBA-U16.2/3 Booster/Pre-amplifier unit for U-16.2 4, 5, 6, 7,
and U-16.3 applications G.691 8, 9, 10,
11 or 12
SI-16EML80.1/1 through Interface port 2.5 Gbit/s EML, to 3, 14
SI-16EML80.16/1 WaveStar™ OLS 80G, one
wavelength per CP
SI-16EML9xxx/1 Interface port 2.5 Gbit/s EML, to 3,14
WaveStar™ OLS 400G, one
wavelength per CP
Remark:
1. All STM-16 optical packs support the universal build-out optical connector
type. This connector type supports both FC/PC and SC optical connectors.
For power budget details please refer to Chapter 9.
2. The "ITU-T + 6dB" units are only available in limited quantities. Specific
requests should be made to Product Mangement.
3. The units SI-L16.1/1C, SI-L16.2/1C, SI-L16.3/1B and SI-L16.3/1Y support
reporting of analog optical parameters (optical transmit power, optical
received power, laser bias current).
4. In the Platinum 2 release, the unit SI-L16.1/1 is no longer available. It is
replaced by SI-L16.1/1B
5. In the Sapphire release, the units SI-L16.1/1B, SI-L16.3/1 and SI-L16.3/1X
are no longer available. They are replaced by SI-L16.1/1C, SI-L16.3/1B
and SI-L16.3/1Y respectively.
Optical tributary interfaces 8
The following line interfaces are available now or supported from previous
releases:
Circuit
Pack (CP) Slot
Name Description position Remark
SA-0/12 STM-0 adapter board for four STM-0 4 thru 11 1
interfaces. Supports AU-3/TU-3
conversion, MSP and loopbacks
OI-0/6 STM-0 1310 nm; 6 Interfaces per behind 1
interface board.
4 thru 11
SA-1/4 STM-1 adapter board for four STM-1 4 thru 11 2, 5
optical interfaces in AU-4 or AU-3/TU-3
conversion mode (no support of MSP,
tributary DCC nor loopbacks)


SA-1/4B STM-1 adapter board for four STM-1 4 thru 11 3, 6

optical interfaces in AU-4 or AU-3/TU-3
SPIA-1E4/4
conversion mode. Supports MSP,
tributary DCC and loopbacks
OI-S1.1/2 Optical Short haul STM-1 1310 nm; 2 behind 3
Interfaces per interface board
4 thru 11
OI-L1.2/2 Optical Long haul STM-1 1550 nm; 2 behind 2
Interfaces per interface board
4 thru 11
SI-L4.2/2 Optical Long haul STM-4 1550 nm; behind 7
Supports AU-4-4c, AU-4 and AU-3/TU-3
4 thru 11
conversions
SI-S4.1/1 Optical Short haul STM-4 1310 nm. 4 thru 11 4
Supports AU-4-4c, AU-4 and AU-3/TU-3
conversion, MSP, DCC and loopbacks
Remarks:
1. One or two OI-0/6 optical paddle boards have to be installed behind each
SA-0/12 STM-0 circuit pack. Each paddle board provides 6 optical
interfaces with LC connector type.
2. One or two OI-I1.1/2 optical paddle boards have to be installed behind
each SA-1/4 STM-1O circuit pack. Each paddle board provides 2 optical
interfaces with SC connector type.
3. One or two OI-S1.1/2 optical paddle boards have to be installed behind
each SA-1/4B STM-1O circuit pack or SPIA-1E4/4 in STM-1O mode. Each
paddle board provides 2 optical interfaces with LC connector type.
4. The optical interface is integrated on the STM-4 main board. No optical
adapter units are needed.
5. In the Platinum 2 release the SA-1/4 unit is no longer available. It is
replaced by the SA-1/4B.
6. In the Sapphire release the SA-1/4B unit is no longer available. It is
replaced by the SPIA-1E4/4.


Electrical tributary interfaces 8
The following line interfaces are available now or supported from previous
releases:
Circuit Pack
(CP) Name Description Slot position Remark
PI-E1/63 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 4-12 1
63 interfaces per CP
PI-DS1/63 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 4-12 2
PI-E3DS3/6+6 34 and 45 Mbit/s 4-11
6 interfaces of each type per CP
PI-DS3/12 45 Mbit/s 4-11
PI-E4/4 140 Mbit/s 4-12 3, 5
4 interfaces per CP
SI-1/4 STM-1E 4-12 3, 5
4 interfaces per CP
SPIA-1E4/4 140 Mbit/s / STM-1E 4-12 3
4 interfaces per circuit pack
LAN 10 Mbit/s T-BASE 4-12 3
Remarks:
1. Equipment protection functionality is provided by the circuit pack in
tributary slot 12. Impedance adaptation to 75/120 Ω and/or equipment
protection functionality can be provided by additional paddle boards.
tributary slot 12. Impedance adaptation to 100 Ω or equipment protection
functionality can be provided by additional paddle boards.
3. Equipment protection functionality can be provided by additional paddle
boards.
tributary slot 4 and paddle boards.
5. In the Sapphire release the PI-E4/4 and SI-1/4 are no longer available.
They’re replaced by the SPIA-1E4/4.


Timing and synchronization interfaces (DS0

markets; Japan and USA) 8
These timing interfaces are available for the markets in Japan.
Circuit Pack
(CP) Name Description Slot position Remark
TI-DS2DS0/1 Timing Interface board Behind PT-stnd 1
64+8 kHz Sync Input +
6312 kHz Sync Output
Remark:
1. A maximum of 2 x TI-DS2DS0/1 can be engineered for each PT-stnd.


Paddle boards (electrical interfaces) 8
A variety of paddle boards exists to interconnect the system directly or indirectly to

the office cabling. In addition, paddle boards can be used for equipment protection
and/or impedance adaptation. All paddle boards can be inserted from the rear of
the equipment and fit to the 2 mm pitch back-plane connectors.
Paddle boards are always needed for 1.5 Mbit/s and 2 Mbit/s interfaces. Other
electrical interface types can be used without paddle boards (if protection is not
needed now or in the future).
Paddle boards are half height boards and two paddle boards have to be mounted
behind each corresponding main board to be able to access all interface ports.
Also if less than half the interfaces on a unit have to be cabled, it is still necessary
to equip both paddle boards to get a valid configuration. The two paddle boards
behind each unit have to be identical and are mounted in 180° mirrored fashion. If
less than half the interfaces are needed, it is possible to project initially only one
paddle board behind a unit.
Protection and Impedance conversion 1.5 Mbit/s paddle boards (PB)

PB Name Description Position Notes
PB-D1/100/32 Conversion to 100 Ω, 32 Behind each unprotected 1
channels, unprotected PI-DS1/63, Slot 4-11.
applications
PB-D1/P100/32 Conversion to 100 Ω, 32 Behind each worker 1,2
channels, protected PI-DS1/63, Slot 4-11.
applications
Protection and Impedance conversion 2 Mbit/s paddle boards (PB)
PB-E1/75/32 Unprotected 75 Ω Behind each unprotected 3
applications, 32 channels PI-E1/63, Slot 4-11.
PB-E1/P75/32 Protected 75 Ω Behind each worker PI-E1/ 3
applications, 32 channels 63, Slot 4-11.
PB-E1/120/32 Conversion to 120 Ω, 32 Behind each unprotected 3
channels, unprotected PI-E1/63, Slot 4-11.
applications
PB-E1/P120/32 Conversion to 120 Ω, 32 Behind each worker PI-E1/ 2, 3
channels, protected 63, Slot 4-11.
applications
paddle boards for 34/45 Mbit/s:
PB-E3DS3/6 6 channels, 1+1 equipment Behind each worker/ 4
protection application protection pair in slots 4/5,
6/7, 8/9 or 10/11. The
paddle board straddles two
slot positions
paddle boards for STM-1 and 140 Mbit/s:
PB-1E4/PW/2 Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 Behind worker STM-1E or 5, 6
and 140 Mbit/s, worker unit E4 units, slot positions 5-8
version


PB-1E4/PP/2 Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 Behind protection STM-1E 5

and 140 Mbit/s, protection or E4 unit, slot position 4
board version
PB-LAN PB behind the LAN Behind worker LAN units, 5, 6
interface as working unit slot position 5-8
PB-1E4/PP/2 Protection PB, with 4 Behind protected worker 5
interfaces and protection unit.
Remarks:
1. This paddle board can be used with the PI-DS1/63.
2. No paddle board is needed behind the protecting DS1 or E1 circuit pack,
slot position 12.
3. This paddle board can be used with the PI-E1/63.
4. This paddle board can be used with adjacent pairs of PI-DS3/12 or
PI-E3DS3/6+6 units.
5. This paddle board can be used with the SI-1/4, PI-E4/4 and SPIA-1E4/4 (in
STM-1E or E4 mode).
6. If 1:N protection is needed at a later time, the worker unit paddle boards
have to be installed immediately (in through mode). Later the protection
unit paddle board can be added in an in-service upgrade.


Configurations 8
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Terminal STM-16 (0 x 1, all

interfaces) 8
Circuit Pack
(CP) Name Description Number Remark
Subracks
1 EFA 2 High-density subrack 1
Interconnection panels
2 ICB Interconnection Box 1
Core circuit packs
3 SC System Controller 1
4 CC-64/16 Cross-Connect CP 64 x 64 HO, 16
x 16 LO
5 CC-64/32 Cross-Connect CP 64 x 64 HO, 32 2 1
x 32 LO
6 Fixed CC Fixed Cross-Connect
7 PT-stnd Power and Timing CP ± 4.6 ppm 2 2
8 PT-str3 Power and Timing CP ± 0.37 ppm
Line-interface circuit packs
9 SI-L 16.1/1C Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1310 nm, L 2 3
16.1, ITU range
10 SI-L 16.2/1C Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, L
16.2 , ITU range
11 SI-L 16.3/1B Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, L
16.3
12 SI- Interworking packs OLS 80G (16
16EML80.x/1 different wavelengths)
13 SI-16EMLx/1 Interworking packs OLS 400G (80
different wavelengths)
Boosters and pre-amplifier circuit packs
14a SI-EMLU16.2/ EML 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm U 16.2
1
14b LPBA-U 16.2/ Booster and Pre-Amplifier (160km)
3
Optical tributaries
15 SA-0/12 Converter board STM-0
15a OI-0/6 Optical Interface STM-0 1310 nm
16 SI-S 4.1/1 Short Haul, STM-4 1310 nm 2
Optical / Electrical tributaries


17 SPIA-1E4/4 140 Mbit/s or STM-1 electrical or 3

STM-1 optical
17a OI-S 1.1/2 Optical Interface Short Haul STM- 2
1 1310 nm
17b PB-1E4/PW/ working PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and 2
2 140 Mbit/s
17c PB-1E4/PP/ 2 Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and 2
140 Mbit/s
Electrical tributaries
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 2 4
18a PB-E1/75/32 Direct-through connect PB 75 Ω,
32 ch.
18b PB-E1/P75/ Protection PB 75 Ω, 32 ch. 4 5
32
18c PB-E1/120/ 75 to 120 Ω conversion PB, 32 ch.
32
18d PB-E1/ P120/ 75 to 120 Ω conversion PB, with
32 protection, 32 ch.
19 PI-E3DS3/ 6 * 45 Mbit/s and 6 * 34 Mbit/s
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s 2
19, PB-E3DS3/6 Protection PB 34 / 45 Mbit/s, 6 ch. 2
20a
Additional timing circuit packs
21 TI-DS2DS0/ 1 Timing Interface CP 64+8 kHz In/
6312 kHz Out
22 TI-I 1.1DS0/ 1 Timing Interface CP 64+8 kHz In/
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:
1. 1.If protection of the CC is not required, 1 x CC should be engineered.
2. 2.If protection of the PT-stnd is not required, 1 x PT-stnd should be
engineered. If a stability of 0.37 ppm for 24 hour is required, the PT-str3
should be engineered.
3. 3.Depending on the optical power budget needed.
4. 4.If protection of the 2 Mbit/s interfaces is not required, no additional PI-E1/
63 should be engineered for protection.
5. 5.If protection of the 2 Mbit/s interfaces is not required, no paddle board
has to be engineered. It should be noted that if protection is required in
future, it is advisable to install the direct-through connect paddle board 75
W, 32 ch paddle board as this will ease installation practice in future. If 120
W interfaces are needed, either 16 x PB-E1/120/32 (no 2 Mbit/s protection)
or 16 x PB-E1/P120/32 (2 Mbit/s protection) should be engineered


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Terminal STM-16 (0 x 1,

Low Order interfaces, to be used as HUB) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
6 Fixed CC Fixed Cross-Connect 1 1
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
1
3
Optical tributaries
16 SI-S 4.1/1 Short Haul, STM-4 1310 nm
STM-1 optical


17a OI-S 1.1/2 Optical Interface Short Haul STM-

1 1310 nm
17b PB-1E4/PW/2 working PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and 6
140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 3 4
32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s 2
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:
1. 1.The fixed Cross-connect cannot be protected.


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Add/Drop Multiplexer

STM-16 (High Order interfaces) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
11 SI-L 16.3/1B Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, L 2 3
16.3
1
3
Optical tributaries
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
17b PB-1E4/PW/ Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and
2 140 Mbit/s
17c PB-1E4/PP/ 2 Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω
32 ch.
18b PB-E1/P75/ Protection PB 75 Ω, 32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
19, PB-E3DS3/6 Protection PB 34 / 45 Mbit/s, 6 ch.
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:



STM-16 (Long distance rings, with LO grooming
of 504 x 2 Mbit/s) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
11 SI-L 16.3/1B Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm, L 1 3
16.3
14a SI-EMLU16.2/ EML 2.5 Gbit/s 1550 nm U 16.2 1 3
1
14b LPBA-U 16.2/ Booster and Pre-Amplifier (160km) 1 3
3
Optical tributaries
17 SPIA-1E4/4 140 Mbit/s or STM-1 electrical or
STM-1 optical


17a OI-S 1.1/2 Optical Interface Short Haul STM-

1 1310 nm
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 9 4
32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:



STM-16 (STM-1 and STM-4 ring-closure on
tributaries) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
1
3
Optical tributaries
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω
32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1; Japanese and United

States of America uses 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
7 PT-stnd Power and Timing CP ± 4.6 ppm
8 PT-str3 Power and Timing CP ± 0.37 ppm 2 2
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
1
3
Optical tributaries
15 SA-0/12 Converter board STM-0 2
15a OI-0/6 Optical Interface STM-0 1310 nm 4
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω
32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s 2
20a
21 TI-DS2DS0/ 1 Timing Interface CP 64+8 kHz In/ 2
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Local Cross-Connect 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
9 SI-L 16.1/1C Long-haul 2.5 Gbit/s 1310 nm, L 3
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
1
3
Optical tributaries
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
17b PB-1E4/PW/ Protect PB, 2 ch. for STM-1 and 2
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 2 4
32 ch.
32
32
19 PI-E3DS3/ 6 * 45 Mbit/s and 6 * 34 Mbit/s 2
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:
3. 3.No line port units are needed.


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 DWDM Access Terminal

STM-16 (OLS 80G) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
12 SI- Interworking packs OLS 80G (16 2 3
1
3
Optical tributaries
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω 2 4
32 ch.
32
32
19 PI-E3DS3/ 6 * 45 Mbit/s and 6 * 34 Mbit/s 2
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out
Remarks:
3. 3.Depending on the wavelength and the numerous of STM-16 EML
entrances.


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 DWDM Access Terminal

STM-16 (OLS 400G, to be used with High Order
Interfaces) 8
Circuit Pack
Subracks
Core circuit packs
x 16 LO
x 32 LO
16.1, ITU range
16.2 , ITU range
16.3
13 SI-16EMLx/1 Interworking packs OLS 400G (80 2 3
1
3
Optical tributaries
STM-1 optical



1 1310 nm
2 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
18 PI-E1/63 63 * 2 Mbit/s, 75 Ω
32 ch.
32
32
6+6
20 PI-DS3/12 12 * 45 Mbit/s
20a
6312 kHz Out
155.52 MHz Out




8TR730-APG
9
Technical Data 9
Overview 9
This chapter contains the technical specifications of the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1
Multiplexer and Transport System.


Technical Data 8TR730-APG
Optical interfaces 9
The optical interfaces of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 have the following optical
outputs and line codes.
Table 9-1. Optical interfaces
STM-0 STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

Optical 51.84 Mbit/s 155.52 Mbit/s 622.08 Mbit/s 2.488 Gbit/s
output
Scrambled Scrambled Scrambled Scrambled non-
Optical non-return to non-return to non-return to return to zero,
line code zero, (NRZ) zero, (NRZ) zero, (NRZ) (NRZ)


Electrical interfaces 9
The electrical interfaces of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 have the following technical
specifications.
Table 9-2. Electrical interfaces
1.5 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s

Nominal bitrate 1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34.368 Mbit/s
Line code AMI (G.703) HDB3 (G.703) HDB3 (G.703)
Insertion loss acc. G.703 acc. G.703 acc. G.703
Return loss acc. G.703 acc. G.703 acc. G.703
45 Mbit/s 140 Mbit/s STM-1
Nominal bitrate 44.736 Mbit/s 139.264 Mbit/s 155.520 Mbit/s
B3ZS (ANSI CMI (G.703) CMI (G.703)
Line code T1.102-1987).
Insertion loss acc. G.703 acc. G.703 acc. G.703
Return loss acc. G.703 acc. G.703 acc. G.703


Optical connector interface 9
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 optical circuit packs (SI-16) use universal build-out
optical connectors with exception of the optical interface circuit packs that are
equipped with LC connectors. The LC connectors can be converted by a patch
panel or jumper to universal build-out optical connectors, this can be a part of a
fiber management system.


Optical source and detector 9
The optical sources and detectors of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 have the
following technical specifications
Table 9-3.
Hazard level
Optical circuit pack type Laser type Optical detector IEC-60825-2:
STM-0 1310 nm FP (MLM) PIN 1
S-1.1 1310 nm/ L-1.2 1550 FP (MLM) PIN 1
nm
S-4.1 1310 nm/ L 4.2 1550 FP (MLM) PIN 1
nm
L-16.1 ITU 1310 nm DFB (SLM) APD 1
L-16.2 ITU 1550 nm DFB (SLM) APD 1
L-16.3 1550 nm (ITU+4 dB) DFB (SLM) APD 1
16EML.80x/1 (x from 1 to 16) EML(SLM) APD 1
16 EMLx/1 (x from 9190 to EML (SLM) APD 1
9585)
U-16.2 1550 nm EML APD 3A
V-16.2 1550 nm DFB (SLM) APD
MLM - Multi longitudinal mode
SLM - Single longitudinal mode
EML - External modulated laser
DFB - Distributed feedback laser (=SLM)
FP - Fabry-Perot (=MLM)
APD - Avalanche photodiode


Optical safety 9
The system is classified and labelled as specified in IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60825-
2 “Radiation safety of laser products equipment, classification, requirements and
users guide”. All parts of the equipment are designed to operate and be capable
of being maintained without hazard to personnel from optical radiation.
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System includes an automatic power shutdown and
restart (APSD) for the optical interworking pack with a booster/pre-amplifier facility
to prevent hazard to personnel from optical radiation, as specified in draft ITU-T
Recommendation G.664.


Optical power budgets 9
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System is designed to meet
the optical power-budget specifications indicated in the following tables. These
specifications are compliant with G.707, G.957, G.958 and draft rec. G.691. For
special application and to avoid overload if very short distances are being bridged,
optical line build outs (10 dB) are available at the send side (see installation
manual).
STM-0 / STM-1/STM-4 9
Table 9-4.
APPLICATION unit STM-0 S-1.1 S-4.1 L-1.2 L-4.2

Transmitter at
Reference point S:
Wavelength range nm 1270- 1270- 1283- 1535- 1535-
1360 1360 1345 1565 1565
- max dB -11 -8 -8 0 +2
m
- min dB -17 -15 -15 -5 -3
m
minimum dB 11 8.2 8.2 10 10
extinction ratio
Optical Patch
between S and R:
attenuation range dB 0-10 0-12 0-12 10-28 10-30
maximum ps/ N.A. 185 88 NA 2000
dispersion nm
worst-case km N.A. 35 22 - -
dispersion limited
section length
Receiver at
Reference point R:
Minimum dB -28 -28 -28 -34 -34
sensitivity (BER ≤ m
10-10 )
Minimum overload dB -8 -8 -8 -10 -8
level m
Maximum optical dB 1 1 1 1 1
path penalty


STM-16 9
Table 9-5.
SI-L 16.1/1C SI-L 16.2/1C SI-L 16.3/1B

APPLICATION unit ITU ITU ITU + 4 dB
Transmitter at
Reference point: S
Wavelength range nm 1280-1335 1535-1565 1535-1565
Spectral characteristics
Maximum -20 dB width nm 1 <1 <1
Minimum side mode dB 30 30 30
suppression ratio
Mean launched power:
- Max dBm +2 +2 +4
- Min dBm -2 -2 +1
Minimum extinction dB 8.2 8.2 8.2
ratio
Optical patch between
S and R:
Attenuation range dB 10-24 10-24 (L16.2) 12-28 (L16.2)
(G.652)@ BER= 10 -10
Attenuation range dB N.A. 10-25 (L16.3) 12-29 (L16.3)
(G.653)@ BER= 10 -10
Maximum dispersion ps/nm 230 1800 1800
Maximum return loss of dB 24 24 24
cable plant at S
Maximum discrete dBm -27 -27 -27
reflectance between
S&R
Worst-case dispersion km 53 90/N.A. 90/N.A.
limited section length
(G.652 / G.653 fiber)
Receiver at Reference
point R:
Minimum sensitivity dBm -27 -28 -29
(BER ≤10-10 )
Minimum overload level dBm -8 -8 -8
Maximum optical path dB 1 2/1 2/1
penalty (G.652/653)
Maximum reflectance at dB -27 -27 -27
R
All values are End Of Life (EOL)


Interworking packs booster/pre-amplifier,

OLS 80G and OLS 400G: 9
Table 9-6.
SI-EMLU SI- SI-

16.2/1+ 16EML 16EML x/ LBA V-
APPLICATION unit LBPA 80.x/1 1 16.2
Transmitter at Reference
point S:
Wavelength range nm 1552.52 1535 - 1530- 1535-
1565 1565 1560
Mean launched power:
- max dBm +15 -1 -3.8 + 15
(EOL)
-4.6
(BOL)
- min dBm +12 -11 -6.2 +12
(EOL)
-5.4
(BOL)
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2 10 13 8.2
Optical patch between S
and R:
Attenuation range dB 33 - 44 N.A. N.A. 23-36
(G.652)@ BER= 10 -12
Attenuation range dB 33 - 45 N.A. N.A. 23-37
(G.653)@ BER= 10 -12
Maximum dispersion ps/nm 3200 10880 9600 2400
Worst-case dispersion km 160 N.A. N.A. 120
limited section length
Receiver at Reference
point R:
Minimum sensitivity dBm -34 -26 N.A. -26
(BER ≤10-12 )
Minimum overload level dBm -18 -8 N.A. -8
Maximum optical path dB 2/1 2 2 2/1
penalty
Minimum optical signal to N.A. TBD 12.5 N.A.
noise ratio (OSNR) (over -24
to -10
dBm
input
power)


Very long-haul can be reached by using the booster/pre-amplifier with a

disconnected pre-amplifier.


Power specification 9
Table 9-7.
-48 to -60 V Battery voltages, CEPT T/TR02-02

Voltage range, all components (-40.5 V minimum, -72 V maximum)
Power feeders Two power feeders
Table 9-8.
Configuration Power Dissipation

TM
WaveStar ADM 16/1 450 - 600 Watt
Table 9-9.
Consumed Power
Unit Name Unit type (worst case) (Watt)
General units
Power and Timing ± 4.6 ppm PT-stnd 15
Power and Timing ± 0.37 ppm PT-str3 16
System Controller SC 31
Cross-connect 64/16 CC-64/16 42
Cross-connect 64/32 CC-64/32 57.6
Fixed cross-connect CC-fixed 2.15
Optic booster and pre-amplifier
Optical Booster and Pre - Amplifier LBPA-U 16.2/1 19.2
Optical Booster and Pre - Amplifier SI-EMLU 16.2/1 37.6
Converter circuit packs
140 Mbit/s STM-1e/o SPIA-14/E4 24.26
AU-3 to TU-3 SA-0/12 34.22
Optical interfaces
STM-16 LH, 1550 nm SI-L 16.1/1C 36.4
STM-16 LH, 1550 nm SI-L 16.2/1C 36.4
STM- 16 LH, 1550 nm SI-L 16.3/1B 36.4
STM- 4 SH, 1310 nm SI-S 4.1/1
STM-0 SH 1310nm SI-S 4.1/2
STM-16 interworking with the OLS SI-EML80.x/1 37.6
80G
STM-16 interworking with the OLS SI-16EMLx/1
400G
STM-1, Optical interface OI-L1.2/2 1.5


Table 9-9.
STM-0, optical interface OI-0/6 1.5

Electrical interfaces
STM-1e/140 Mbit/s electrical SPIA-1/4
2 Mbit/s PI-E1/63 24
45 Mbit/s PI-DS3/12 24
140 Mbit/s PI-E4/4 21.65
Fans 15
10 Mbit/s T-BASE IP-LAN 21.65


Dimensions 9
The subracks for the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System
are compliant with the engineering requirements for subracks mounted in
miscellaneous racks and cabinets described in ETSI 300 119-4 for wide racks
(600x600 mm). The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System is
housed in a 500 mm wide construction (required rack depth 600 mm).
Based on the above requirements, the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 outside subrack
dimensions are:
Table 9-10.
Subrack type DxWxH

WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 High Density 545 x 500 x 750 mm


System weight 9
Table 9-11.
System configuration Weight

WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 max configuration less then 70 kg (including internal
cables)


Electrical connectors 9
■ All transmission interfaces are connected to the backplane METRAL™
connector system
■ All non-transmission interfaces are connected via D-type connectors via
the Interconnection Box (ICB).


Environmental specifications 9
Table 9-12.
Temperature range Humidity ETSI Class

Operating conditions:
Operational +5... +40° C 5 - 85% 3.1
Design -5... +45° C 3 - 90% (NC) 3.1
Limit -15... +55° C 3 - 95% (NC)
Storage conditions: -25... +55 C up to 100% (NC) 1.2

(NC)
Transport conditions: -40... +70 C up to 95% 2.3
NC = Non-condensing
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System mounted in a 2000
mm rack comply with earthquake proof: zone 4 (modified Mercalli scale > 9)
requirements as per IEC721-2-6.
The WaveStarTM ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System fulfills the
requirements as specified in ETSI 300 386-1; Public Telecommunication Network
Equipment -EMC/ESD requirements as also indicated in the table below.
Table 9-13.
Radiated emission EN 55 022 Class B

Conducted emission:
AC power EN 55 022 Class B
DC power EN 55 022/ETS 300 386-1
Telecom ports CISPR 22 Class B
IEC 1000-4-2 level 4
Electrostatic discharge: EN 61000-4-2 level 4
Radiated immunity: IEC 1000-4-3 level 3
Electrical fast transient:
AC power IEC 1000-4-4 level 3
DC power IEC 1000-4-4 level 3
Telecom ports IEC 1000-4-4 level 3


Table 9-13.
Surges:
Indoor telecom port ETS 300 386-1
Continuous wave:
DC power IEC 1000-4-6 level 2
Telecom ports IEC 1000-4-6 level 2


General ITU recommendations 9
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is in compliance with the

■ General ITU Recommendations: G.707, G.708, G.709
■ Equipment Recommendations: G.781, G.782, G.783, G.784, G.813
■ Physical interface Recommendations: G.957 and draft G.691 for optical
and G.703 for electrical interfaces.
■ Performance requirements: G.823, G.825, G.826
■ Optical safety requirements: ITU-T Recommendations draft G.664


Mapping structure 9
The following structures are supported:

■ Between higher order cross-connect and line/tributary interface:
■ VC-4 <-> AU-4
■ VC-4 <-> TU-3 <-> VC-3 <->AU-3
■ VC-4 <-> TU-12 <-> VC-12
■ Between higher order cross-connect and lower order cross-connect:
■ VC-4 <-> TU-12 <-> VC-12
■ VC-4 <_> TU-3 <-> VC-3.


Electrical interfaces 9
The following electrical interfaces are available:
■ 1.5 Mbit/s asynchronous/byte synchronous, 63 interfaces per circuit pack
■ 2 Mbit/s asynchronous/byte synchronous, 63 interfaces per circuit pack
■ 34 and 45 Mbit/s asynchronous, 6 interfaces each per circuit pack
■ 45 Mbit/s asynchronous, 12 interfaces per circuit pack
■ 140 Mbit/s asynchronous, 4 interfaces per circuit pack
■ STM-1 electrical intra-station, 4 interfaces per circuit pack.


Operations system interfaces 9

■ Office alarms
The steady state current for office alarms connections should not exceed
0.9 A at 60 V or 1.8 A at 30 V. The maximum transient currents (20 msec
duration) during initial contact closure should not exceed 9 A at 60 V or 18
A at 30 V.
■ Miscellaneous discrete inputs:
Any external equipment to be monitored must provide the electrical

equivalent of a contact closure across the corresponding pairs. The contact
closure must be capable of passing at least 10 mA of drive current, voltage
specifications are CMOS compatible.
There are 8 miscellaneous discrete input points for all WaveStar™ ADM
16/1 configurations.
■ Miscellaneous discrete outputs:
All WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 configurations provide eight miscellaneous

discrete output: hard contacts, contact rating 60V/0.5 A.


Customer data interfaces 9
The system supports 4 interfaces for customer access to user bytes, 2 interfaces
are according G.703, 2 interfaces are according V.11.
■ Engineering order wire E1 or E2, 64 kbit/s
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 offers external access to the E1 or E2 bytes for
both STM-16 interfaces. Access is via a connector on the interconnection
box.
■ User channels F1, 64 kbit/s
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 offers external access to the section user
channel F1 byte for both STM-16 interfaces. Access is via a connector on
the interconnection box.


Timing and network synchronization 9
Table 9-14. Timing modes
Free Holdover
System running mode Locked mode with reference
WaveStarTM ADM 16/1, ÷ ÷ - one of the external sync.
all configurations inputs
- one of the 2 Mbit/s tributary
inputs
- one of the STM-N inputs
Two types of timing packs are available:

■ Built-in oscillator standard, accuracy 4.6 ppm according G.813 option 1
■ Built-in oscillator stratum-3, accuracy 4.6 ppm according G.813 option 1,
stability 0.37 ppm first 24 hours.
Support of the ETSI synchronization status message algorithms.
Two programmable input/output station clock interfaces: 2048 kHz (G703.10) or

2048 kbit/s (G703.6, 75 or 120 Ω)


Transmission performance 9
■ Jitter on STM-N interfaces G.813/G.825
■ Jitter on PDH interfaces G.823/G.783
■ Error performance G.826
■ Performance monitoring G.784/G.826


Performance monitoring 9
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 has Performance Monitoring capabilities at the

following termination points. These points depend on the actual hardware
configuration of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
Termination points Equipment
VC-12 TTP for each of the 2 Mbit/s ports
VC-3 TTP for each of the 34 or 45 Mbit/s ports
VC-4 TTP for each of the 140 Mbit/s ports and

terminated VC-4s in the cross connects
RS-16 for each of the 2.488 Gbit/s ports
MS-16 for each of the 2.488 Gbit/s ports
MS-4 for each of the 622 Mbit/s ports
MS-1 for each of the155 Mbit/s ports.
The following number of bins are available for the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1:
Interval History bins Total History bin storage time
15 minute 16 4 hours
24 hour 1 1 day
A threshold can be set for these counts.
The following features are also available for performance monitoring:

■ Unavailable period registering
■ Severity settings for alarms on each termination point instance.


Network element configurations 9

The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system can be configured in the following ways:
■ STM-16 0x1 End Terminal
■ STM-16 2-fiber Add/Drop Terminal
■ STM-16 0:1 or 0:2 Terminal
■ Local cross-connect


OAM&P 9
■ Installation self test
■ Auto recovery after input power failure
■ Local operations and maintenance via faceplate LEDs, buttons on the SC,
user panel, F-interfaces
■ Centralized operations and maintenance via Q-interface
■ Software downloading via Q and F-interfaces, DCC link
■ Alarm categories for indication of alarm severity and station alarm interface
(9x)
■ Local workstation (ITM-CIT)
■ 8 x Miscellaneous discrete inputs and 8 outputs.


Network management 9
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 can be managed with the following systems:
■ Fully manageable by ITM-NM and ITM-SC
■ Local workstation (ITM-CIT) via J45 connections, V.10 (RS-232
compatible)/F-interface
■ Access to ECCs via in-station Q-LAN interface, G.773-CLNS1/10-Base-T*
and 10-Base-2† Interfaces
■ ITM-CIT for small network management, CIT-Q connector / V.10.
* 10BASE-T: Twisted Pair Ethernet

† 10BASE-2: thin Ethernet or CheaperNet (coax cable)


Bandwidth management 9
■ System capacity: 504 x 1.5 Mbit/s, 504 x 2 Mbit/s, 48 x 34 Mbit/s, 96 x 45
Mbit/s, 96 x STM-0, 32 x 140 Mbit/s, 32 x STM-1 or 8 x STM-4
■ Complete VC-4 cross-connecting
■ Bi-directional cross-connecting
■ Higher order and lower order broadcast functionality
■ Protection access on MS-SPRing
■ Higher order cross-connect size 64 x 64 VC-4
■ Lower order cross-connect ranges up to 32 x 32 equivalents, that is 2016 x
2016 VC-12s or 96 x 96 VC-3s.


Protection and redundancy 9

■ Tributary level redundancy:
■ 1: N equipment protection on 1.5 and 2 Mbit/s interface circuit packs
(Nmax = 8)
■ 1+1 equipment protection on 34/45 Mbit/s Interface circuit packs
■ 1:N equipment protection on 140 Mbit/s and STM1e interface circuit
packs (N max=4)
■ 1+1 equipment protection on cross-connect circuit pack and power
and timing circuit pack)
■ Non- revertive SNCP/N protection on VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 level
■ Programmable hold-off times
■ 1+1 MSP on optical interface circuit packs STM-0
■ 1+1 MSP annex A and annex B on optical interface circuit packs STM-1
■ 1+1 MSP annex A on optical interface circuit packs STM-4
■ MS-SPRing in two fiber ring add/drop applications
■ Selective MS-SPRing
■ Dual node interworking:
■ with drop and continue between SNCP and MS-SPRing on two
nodes
■ with drop and continue between two MS-SPRings
■ to support VC-4 concatenation
■ Maximum of 50 msec switching time for all protection mechanisms


Timing reference 9
■ Timing generator (± 4.6 ppm or ± 0.37 ppm)
■ Phase and frequency continuity at timing source switch-over
■ Automatic timing reference protection switching
■ Timing generator with hold-over


Overhead bytes processing 9
Regenerator Section Overhead Byte Usage 9
Table 9-15.

optical optical optical electrical
RSOH inter- intra- inter- intra-
bytes Function station station station station
A1, A2 Framing X X X X
J0 Trace identifier byte X X X X
Z0 Spare bytes, for
future international
standardization
B1 BIP-8 on RS X X X X
(transmit only)
D1-D3 Data communication X X X X
channel (DCC)
E1 # OW channel X X
F1 # User channel X X
Table 9-16.
RSOH
bytes Function STM-4 STM-16
A1, A2 Framing X X
J0 Trace identifier byte X X
Z0 Spare bytes, for X X
future international
standardization
B1 BIP-8 on RS X X
(transmit only)
E1 # OW channel X X
F1 # User channel X X
D1-D3 Data communication X X
channel (DCC)
RS-NU National usage X
X=Supported


Multiplex Section overhead byte usage 9
Table 9-17.

optical optical optical electrical
MSOH inter- intra- inter- intra-
bytes Function station station station station
B2 BIP-8 (STM-0)/ BIP- X X X X
24 (STM-1) on MS
K1, K2 Automatic protection X X X X
(bits 1- switch (APS)
5) channel
K2 (bits MS AIS/RDI X X X X
6-8) Indicator
D4-D12 Data communication X X X X
channel (DCC)
S1 (bits Synchronization X X X X
5-8) status message
M1 REI (remote error X X X X
indication) byte,
transmit only
E2 # Order wire channel X X
Table 9-18.
MSOH
bytes Function STM-4 STM-16
B2 BIP-N*24 on MS X X
K1, Automatic protection X X
K2(bits switch
1-5)
K2(bits MS AIS/RDI X X
6-8) Indicator
D4-D12 Data communication X X
channel (DCC)
S1 (bits Synchronization X X
5-8) status message
M1 REI (remote error X X
indication) byte,
transmit only
E2 # Order wire channel X X
MS-NU National usage X
(32
bytes)


X=Supported
Path Overhead Bytes VC-3/4/4-4c 9
Table 9-19.
VC-3/4/4-4c POH
Byte Function 140 Mbit/s Unit CCU
J1 Path trace identifier byte X X
B3 BIP-8 X X
C2 Signal label X X
G1 REI/RDI (transmit only) X X
F2 User channel X X
H4 Multiframe indicator X X
F3 As F2 Fixed to 0 Fixed to 0
K3 VC trail protection Fixed to 0 Fixed to 0
N1 Tandem connection OH Fixed to 0 Fixed to 0
X = Supported
Path Overhead Bytes VC-12 9
Table 9-20.
VC-12 POH Byte Function 2 Mbit/s unit

V5 (bit1,2) BIP-2 X
V5 (bit 3) REI (transmit only) X
V5 (bit 4) Fixed to 0
V5 (bit 5,6,7) Signal label X
V5 (bit 8) RDI (transmit only) X
J2 Path trace X
N2 Network operator byte Fixed to 0
K4 Fixed to 0
X=Supported


Supervision and Alarms 9

■ Plug-in unit indication
■ LED continuously on, diagnostic error
■ LED flashing, transmission signal error
■ User panel
■ LED indicators
■ Power
■ Prompt alarm
■ Deferred alarm
■ Info alarm
■ Abnormal
■ Suppressed (alarm cut-off)
■ Station alarm disconnected
■ use CIT
■ Push buttons
■ Suppress (alarm cut-off)
■ Disconnect station alarms
■ Miscellaneous discrete input/outputs
■ 8 inputs
■ 8 outputs
■ CIT connector F-interfaces V10/RS232
■ Access to embedded data communication channels
■ In-station Q-LAN interface, 10-Base-T and 10-Base-2.




8TR730-APG
10
Quality and Reliability 01
Overview 01
This chapter presents Lucent Technologies’ quality policy and describes the
reliability of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system.


Quality and Reliability 8TR730-APG
Lucent Technologies’ Quality Policy 01
For Lucent Technologies, quality improvement has long been a vehicle to improve
customer satisfaction. For many years, Lucent Technologies’ quality programs
have been focused on improving products and services. Total Quality programs
and benchmarking are important tools in our continuous improvement journey.
As ISO-9000 is a global standard for quality management and assurance, Lucent

Technologies wants to use ISO-9000 certification to demonstrate to its customers
the company’s commitment to producing the best quality products and services.
We believe that ISO-9000 registration as an independent assessment of the
company’s quality system is particularly useful to demonstrate that commitment to
quality. In line with this policy, all major transmission facilities in the USA and
Europe are ISO-9000 certified.
In line with above, Lucent Technologies’ policy statement in this respect is as

follows.
POLICY - Quality excellence is the foundation for the management of our

business and the keystone of our goal of customer satisfaction. It is, therefore, our
policy to:
■ Consistently provide products and services that meet the quality
expectations of our customers
■ Actively pursue ever-improving quality through programs that enable each
employee to do his or her job right the first time.
This Lucent Technologies Quality Policy guided the development of the

WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system and will continue to
affect the product throughout its lifetime.


Environmental aspects 01
Lucent Technologies has elected to move forward with ISO 14001 for
environmental management systems for its operations and facilities. In fact, as
part of our environmental, health, and safety goals, we have committed to have in
place EH&S management systems-based on recognized standards such as ISO
14001-for at least 95% of our products, services, operations and facilities by the
year 2000.
At the end of year 1998, 23 Lucent facilities, operations, and services have been
ISO 14001 certified by third party auditors. The two optical networking group (the
business unit that makes the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Product) manufacturing
facilities, has already received ISO 14001 certification, in September 1998.
Lucent’s environmental commitment is demonstrated through its structure of

environmental and health and safety personnel throughout all levels of the
company. A company officer supports the setting of corporate goals and policies,
and a Global Environmental Health and Safety vice president oversees
environmental aspects for operations worldwide. In addition, each of the business
units (including the optical networking group, the unit that manufactures the
WaveStar™ Product) has its own responsible environment and safety officer.
Finally, each facility has environmental managers who are responsible for
compliance and the implementation of environmental management systems such
as ISO 14001.
Lucent Technologies has developed several effective systems for corporate

environmental protection. In fact, Lucent’s environmental, health, and safety
goals 2000 include having in place EH&S management systems-based on
recognized standards-for at least 95% of our products, services, operations, and
facilities by the year 2000. The goals for the year 2000 are:
1. Deployment of environmental management systems for at least 95% of our
products, services, operations and facilities by the year 2000.
2. Deployment of design for environment criteria for all business groups. As of
year-end 1997.
3. Improvement of energy efficiency to avoid the emission of at least 135.000
metric tons of greenhouse gases by the year 2000. As of year-end 1997
110.553 metric tons of carbon dioxide has been avoided.
In addition, in 1997 we deployed the Lucent EH&S worldwide standards,

including:
1. Banned substances for products; dyes, pigments and stabilizers;
packaging; maintenance and repair of products and production equipment;
facilities and operations. A list of banned substances is available on
request);
2. Chemical management;
3. Ozone depleting substances;
4. Water and wastewater management;


5. Hazardous waste and contaminated scrap;

6. Transportation of hazardous materials and wastes; and real estate
transactions.


Reliability program 01
Reliability is a key ingredient of the product life cycle, beginning at the earliest
planning stage. Major occurrences at the start of the project involved system
reliability modeling.
During the design and development stage, reliability predictions, qualification and
selection of components, definition of quality assurance audit standards and
prototyping of critical system areas ensured built-in reliability.
During manufacturing and field deployment, techniques such as pre-

manufacturing, qualification, production quality tracking, burn-in tests, failure
mode analysis and feedback and correction further enhance the ongoing reliability
of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system.


Reliability specifications 01
Introduction 01
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 provides various hardware redundancy and protective
switching mechanisms where necessary to support high service availability.
Redundancy and protective switching 01
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 supports the principle that protective switching
options should be available for all units and busses that could lead to service
degradation when a failure occurs. Therefore, the system is divided into blocks,
which allow for separate protection switching. The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1
provides protection switching options for the following units:
Unit Protective switching plan
CC-64/16 1+1, non-revertive
CC-64/32 1+1, non-revertive
PT-stnd 1+1, non-revertive
PT-str3 1+1, non-revertive
PI-DS1/63 1+n, n=8 at maximum, revertive
PI-E1/63 1+n, n=8 at maximum, revertive
PI-DS3/12 1+1, revertive
PI-E3DS3/6+6 1+1, revertive
SPIA-1E4/4 1:n, n=4 at maximum, revertive
IP-LAN/8 1+1, revertive
Reliability and service availability 01
The system has a minimal lifetime of 15 years. The reliability of the system can be
characterized by the mean time between failures (MTBF). For the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1 the MTBF is 2.5 years.
To guarantee service availability a variety of traffic protection mechanisms are

supported by the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1:


■ Path protection or SNC/N (subnetwork connection protection with non-

intrusive monitoring) for higher and lower order VCs
■ Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring or MS-SPRing (selective) at
STM-16 level.
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 circuit packs fit rates 01
Table 10-1.
Unit name Fit rate

Common FAN 1500
FAN CM1 330
PT-Str3/SEC 3950
T1-DS2 DS0/1 1950
SC 6937
Cross-connect units CC-64/16 4086
CC-64/32 4889.8
CC-fixed 1042
Line units SI-L16.1/1, SI-L16 2/1 8350
SI-L16.1/B SI-L16.2/B 8345.2
SI-L16.3/1X 8345
SI-L16-CR n.a.
SI-16EML80.X/1 8016.6
SI-16EML9XXX/1 5937
SI-EML U16.2/1 8016.6
LBA-V16.2/1 6268
LBPA-U16.2/1 10382.2
SI-L4.2/1 + 6dB n.a.


Table 10-1.
Tributary units SI-S4.1/1 2450

SI-1/4 6008
SA-1/4 3600
SA-1/4B 7230.10
SA-0/12 9182
OI-L1.2/2 11529
OI-S1.1/2 1398.8
OI-0/6 3513.3
SPIA-1E4/4 5081
PI-E4/4 7802
PI-DS3/12 PI-E3DS3/ 7120.8
6+6
PI-E1/63 5861
PI-DS1/63 n.a.
Ethernet IP-LAN/8 n.a.
paddle boards PB-1E4/PW/2 615
PB 1E4/PW/2 Cx n.a.
PB-1E4/PP2/2 777.7
PB-E3DS3/6 452.6
PB E3/DS3/P/^
PB-E1/75/32 24
PB-E1/120/32 664
PB-E1/P75/32 1420
PB-E1/P120/32 2060
PB-DS1/100/32 490
PB-DS1/P100/32 1900
PB-LAN/4 n.a.
B-LAN/P/4 n.a.
Robustness 01
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 meets ITU recommendations concerning robustness.

This means that:
■ Incorrect provisioning of options (software and/or hardware) does not lead
to damage or degradation of the units.
■ Changing a unit under operational conditions does not lead to damage or
degradation of the units.
■ When a non-traffic-carrying unit is plugged in or removed, no errors will be
caused in the transmission of the system.


■ When a traffic-carrying unit is plugged in or removed, no errors will be

caused in any traffic not directly related to that unit.
■ Short-circuiting of any electrical inputs and outputs (except the Primary
Power feeds) on user accessible connectors will not cause any damage or
degradation.
■ There will be no degradation in the equipment performance when the
subrack and each card are individually subjected to a percussion test.
■ Insertion of the incorrect card in to any slot will not cause damage to card
or slot.
■ Removal of any card (including SC) will not inhibit alarms reporting to the
station alarm scheme or management system.


Maintainability Specification 01
The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 requires no periodic maintenance*. Coninuous

performance monitoring allows the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer & Transport
to detect and report problems before they become service affecting.
* For the subrack equipped with a fan, the filter should be replaced once a year.


8TR730-APG
11
Product Support 11
Overview 11
This chapter describes Lucent Technologies’ support for the WaveStar™

ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport system. This includes engineering and
installation services, technical support, documentation support and training.


Product Support 8TR730-APG
Introduction 11
Lucent Technologies is convinced that product support is an important part of its

total product offering. Lucent Technologies offers various services for the
planning, implementation and operations of networks with the WaveStar™
product family. Services for network planning include economical and technical
support and network planning and design. Project implementation services
include site-surveys, engineering, installation and testing, acceptance support,
database preparation and project management. Operations services such as field
support, repair and exchange services, product introduction services and
emergency recovery services can be provided. The introduction of the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system in networks and the corresponding organizations
is supported by a comprehensive set of training and documentation offerings.


Engineering and Installation Services 11
The Lucent Technologies Professional Services organization is committed to

providing customers with quality product support services. Whether there is a
need for assistance in engineering, installation, normal maintenance, or disaster
recovery, the support staff will provide you with the quality technical support you
need to get your job done. Each segment of the Professional Services
organization regards the customer as its highest priority and understands your
obligation to maintain quality service for your own customers.
Within the Professional Services organization, the Engineering and Installation

Services Group provides a highly skilled force of support personnel to provide
customers with quality engineering and installation services. These engineering
and installation specialists use state-of-the-art technology, equipment and
procedures to provide customers with highly competent, rapid response services.
These services include analyzing your equipment request, preparing a detailed
specification for manufacturing and installation, creating and maintaining job
records, installing the equipment, and testing and turning over a working system.


Training 11
The following courses are available for technical staff working with the
WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Multiplexer and Transport System:
■ SDH introduction course (TR5951)
This course is designed for technical personnel who need to know the
equipment’s functional and physical features and the applications and
possibilities of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 system and its management
system. The course's high-level approach makes it suitable for personnel
from service, purchase and planning departments as well.
Duration: 2 days
■ WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Operation and maintenance (TR5966)
This course provides an introduction to the features, network applications,

unit descriptions and configurations of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1. It covers
installation, testing, provisioning of equipment, monitoring of events, and
maintenance using the ITM-CIT.
Duration: 5 days
■ WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System Overview (TR5967)
This course provides an overview of the features, network applications, unit

descriptions and configurations of the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
The course is designed to enable students to:

■ Identify the features and configurations of the WaveStar™
ADM 16/1.
■ List the units, and describe their functions.
■ Describe the applications for the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1.
Duration: 1 day
■ ITM-SC Operations Course (TR5965)
This course provides an introduction to the features, network applications,

and configurations of the ITM-SC. In addition, this course covers
provisioning, monitoring of events, and maintenance activities by means of
hands-on exercises using the ITM-SC, for the following network element
equipment:
■ SLM-16
■ ISM
■ ADM 155 C
■ OLS 80G
■ ADM 4/1


■ ADM 16/1
The course can be modified to cover only those network elements

deployed in the customer’s network.
Objectives:
To enable students to
■ Identify features, applications, descriptions, and configurations.
■ Provision site-specific configurations of SDH network elements.
■ Interpret system events and apply corrective actions.
■ Provide maintenance support.
Duration: 5 days


WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 Customer

Documentation 11
General Structure 11
The SDH customer documentation has a task-oriented approach, based on the

task-analysis as performed during the development and implementation of the
systems. This leads to different documents each intended to perform a specific
task, closely related to the deployment phases of a telecommunications network.
These phases are to plan, install, test and maintain the network and its elements.
As a rule, a documentation set covers one particular system (-version) or a

compilation of closely related members of a system family. Within the system
documentation, the documentation on cooperating sub-systems -if any- is
integrated in a modular fashion. However, when systems are part of a certain
network application network oriented documentation is made. Because of this, a
significant difference is made between network element oriented and network
oriented documentation, based on the specific definitions of a network element
and a network.
Manual organization 11
All manuals are provided with:

■ front pages, which gives general information about the guide, the overall
contents of the guide, how to use it, relations with other documents and
conventions and validity statements.
■ a number of chapters, clearly separated by numbered tabs. Each chapter
has its own table of contents and contains a general introduction explaining
what is described and how it is organized into sections. Together with the
overall contents of the guide incorporated in the front pages readers can
quickly select the information of their interests and/or needs.
■ a chapter called “Acronyms and Abbreviations” that are used within the text
of the guide.
■ a chapter called Glossary, which lists and defines special terms that are
used within the text of the guide.
■ an Index, which provides easy access to important terms and words used
within the text of the guide, by means of page number reference.
However, customer documentation is subject to continuous improvement and

therefore the manual organization can change on details, the overall subject
coverage remains the same or will increase.


Network Element Specific Documents 11
The network element specific guides are system oriented documents on network
element level, focusing on hardware and (SDH-)CIT and are shipped to the
network element sites only. Types of guides are:
■ Cable Layout Manual (CLM)
■ Network Element Installation Guide (NIG)
■ Network Element Maintenance Guide (NMG)
Cable Layout Manual (CLM) 11
The Cable Layout Manual describes all mounting and cablings of a specific
network element. It forms an important addition to all Physical mounting
instructions, that is to mount racks and subracks.
The manual contains functional descriptions of the mechanical part of the subrack
as well as technical data, subrack dimensions and instructions how to mount the
subrack. Besides, information is given about cable links and arrangement of
connectors on the interconnection panel of the subrack.
This manual is intended for installation technicians responsible for mounting the
subrack and connecting the interfaces.
Network Element Installation Guide (NIG) 11
The Network Element Installation Guide contains all information to locally install
and start-up an network element, hardware-wise and software-wise to a condition,
in which it can be used into an SDH network for the first time.
Installation of hardware comprises the complete procedures necessary to set

hardware straps on units, to equip the subracks with units, to provision the system
software of all network element types to customer specific configurations and to
test the system locally.
Installation of software comprises the complete procedures necessary to install

and activate software on the workstation, necessary for further configuration and
maintenance of the network element.
After installation, the network element is ready for installation in a network and
connection to a management system for further configuration, e.g. provisioning
timing, transmission paths, etc.
This guide is intended for installation and testing personnel that takes care of
deploying the network elements in the network. However, this manual is also
useful for those involved in system projecting and planning tasks or network
engineering and administrative tasks.


Network Element Maintenance Guide (NMG) 11
The Network Element Maintenance Guide contains all information necessary for
local maintenance activities of a network element with the use of a Craft Interface
Terminal (CIT), assumed that the network element has functioned properly and no
malfunctions are detected so far.
This guide is intended for personnel that takes care of the daily, local maintenance
activities on the network element.
Available documents 11
■ Craft Provisioning Guide

■ Craft Maintenance Guide
■ Alarm Messages and Maintenance Manual.
Release notes 11
In addition to the Customer Documents as described before, Release Notes are

shipped with the product to all sites where equipment is installed. The Release
Notes describe general additional guidelines, important things to know,
unpredictable behavior and last-minute changes to the parts of the SDH network
at delivery time. The Release Notes are intended to guide the user dealing with all
operations required during network deployment (installation, testing, maintenance
and upgrading) to make optimal use of procedures described in the Customer
Documentation. References are made in the Release Notes to the relevant
sections, chapters and paragraphs in the Customer Documentation, where
applicable.
Related Documentation with focus on Element

and Network Management 11
■ Subnetwork-Controller Installation Guide
Information on installation of the Integrated Transport Management

Subnetwork Controller (ITM-SC).
■ Subnetwork Provisioning Guide
Information on configuring or reconfiguring the WaveStar™ Network

Elements, setting cross-connects and synchronizing your network by using
the Integrated Transport Management-Subnetwork Controller (ITM-SC).
■ Subnetwork Maintenance Guide
Information on maintaining the WaveStar™ Network Elements by using the

Integrated Transport Management-Subnetwork Controller (ITM-SC).


■ Subnetwork-Controller Administration Guide
Information on how to install and start-up software on the ITM-SC

Management System, to give users access to the Integrated Transport
Management-Subnetwork Controller (ITM-SC) and to backup and restore
databases.
On-line Documentation 11
On-Line Documentation is created from the information available within the User
Documentation.With the software package used on the ITM-SC, called HyperHelp
viewer, the files can be viewed and printed, navigated- and searched through. In
the near future the on-line documentation can be extended to more context-
sensitive information, which is in fact an addition to the help text functionality
currently being implemented within the ITM-SC help files.




8TR730-APG
Glossary
ADM
Add/Drop Multiplexer
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal - A code transmitted downstream in a digital network that shows that an
upstream failure has been detected and alarmed if the upstream alarm has not been suppressed.
ALS or APSD
Automatic Laser Shutdown
APS
Automatic Protection Switch channel
Asynchronous
Refers to network elements that are not timed from reference traceable to a single Stratum-1
source.
ATM
Asynchronous Transport Mode
BER
Bit Error Rate - The ratio of bits received in error to bits sent.
BIP
Bit Interleaved Parity - A method of error monitoring over a specified number of bits (BIP-3 or BIP-
8).

Version 2 Issue February 2000 -1

8TR730-APG
BIP-N
Bit Interleaved Parity-N - A method of error monitoring. With even parity, an N-bit code is generated
by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal so that the first bit of the code
provides even parity over the first bit of all N-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The
second bit provides even parity over the second bits of all the N-bit sequences within the specified
portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting the BIP-N bits so that there are an even number of
ones in each of all N-bit sequences including the BIP-N.
Broadband Communication
Voice, data, and/or video communication at rates greater than 2 Mbit/s.
Broadband Service Transport

STM-1 concatenation transport over the SLM-2000 for ATM applications.
CC
Cross-connect
CCITT
Comité Consultatif International Télégrafique & Téléphonique (International Telephone and
Telegraph Consultative Committee)
CE
Comité Européenne
CEPT
Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications
CIT
Craft Interface Terminal
CMI
Coded Mark Inversion
Concatenation
Combining the capacity of a multiplicity of Virtual Containers (VCs) into a single container by
maintaining the bit-sequence integrity across this container.
CP
Circuit Pack
DACS
Digital Access and Cross-connect System
WaveStarTM DACS 4/4/1

One of Lucent Technologies’ PDH/SDH-ready digital access and Cross-connect systems.
Default Value Provisioning

The original values are preprogrammed at the factory. These values can be overridden using local
or remote provisioning.

-2 Version 2 Issue February 2000

8TR730-APG
DC
Direct Current
DCC
Data Communications Channel - The embedded overhead communication channel in the SDH line.
This is used for end-to-end communication and maintenance. It carries alarm, control, and status
information between network elements in an SDH network.
DCE
Data Communication Equipment - The equipment that provides the signal conversion and coding
between the data terminating equipment and the line. The DCE may be separate equipment or a
part of the data terminating equipment.
DCN
Data Communications Network
DCS
Digital Cross-connect System
DDF
Digital Distribution Frame
Defect
A defect is a limited interruption of the ability of an item to perform a required function. It may or may
not lead to maintenance action depending on the results of additional analysis.
Demultiplexing
A process applied to a multiplexed signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring
the distinct individual channels of these signals.
DTE
Data Terminating Equipment - The equipment that originates data for transmission and accepts
transmitted data.
Dual Node Interworking

Dual Node Interworking (DNI) is a configuration of two ring networks that share two common nodes.
DNI allows a circuit with one termination in one ring and one termination in another ring to survive a
loss-of-signal failure of the shared node that is currently carrying service for the circuit.
Downstream
At or towards the destination of the considered transmission stream, i.e. looking in the same
transmission direction.
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EC
European Community


8TR730-APG
ECC
Embedded Control Channel
EL
Element Level
EM
Event Management. Subsystem of ITM that processes and logs event reports of the network.
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
EMS
Element Management System
EOW
Engineer Order Wire
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
ES
Errored Seconds - A performance monitoring parameter.
ESD
ElectroStatic Discharge
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standardization Institute
Extra Traffic
Unprotected traffic carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not used for the
protection of service traffic.
Externally Timed
An operating condition of a clock in which it is locked to an external reference and uses time
constants that are altered to quickly bring the local oscillator’s frequency into approximate
agreement with the synchronization reference frequency.
FIT
Failures in Time - circuit-pack failure rate per 108 hours is calculated.
Flash EPROM
A new technology that combines the non-volatility of EPROM with the in-circuit reprogrammability of
EEPROM (Electrical-Erasable PROM).
Folded Rings
Folded (collapsed) rings are rings without fiber diversity. The terminology derives from the image of
folding a ring in a linear segment.
Free running
An operating condition of a network element in which its local oscillator is not locked to any
synchronization reference and is not using any storage techniques to sustain its accuracy.


8TR730-APG
FT-LBA
FT-Lightwave Booster Amplifier
Gbit/s
Gigabits per second
GNE
Gateway Network Element - A network element that passes information between other network
elements and operation systems via a data communication network.
HDLC
High-level Data Link Control; family of layer 2 protocols.
Holdover
An operating condition of a clock in which its local oscillator is not locked to an external reference
but is using storage techniques to maintain its accuracy with respect to the last known frequency
comparison with a synchronization reference.
ICB
InterConnection Box
IEC
International Electrotechnology Commission or Interexchange Carrier
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
I/O
Input/Output
ISM
Intelligent Synchronous Multiplexer
ISO
International Standards Organization
Jitter
Jitter is defined as short-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal
position in time.
LAN
Local Area Network


8TR730-APG
LBO
Line Build Out - An optical attenuator that guarantees the proper signal level and shape at the
receiver input.
Line
An optical transmission line. “Line” refers to a transmission medium, together with the associated
high-speed equipment, required to provide the means of transporting information between two
consecutive network elements, one of which originates the line signal and the other terminates the
line signal.
Loop Timing
A timing mode in which the terminal derives its transmit timing from the received line signal.
LS
Low-Speed part
LVD
Low Voltage Directive (EC)
M
Manager
Is capable of issuing network management operations and receiving events
MCF
Message Communications Function. This function provides facilities for the transport and routing of
TMN messages to and from the network manager
Menu
A set of possible values for a parameter.
MIB
The Management Information Base is the database in the node and contains the configuration data
of the node. A copy of each MIB is available in the EMS and is called the MIB image. Under normal
circumstances, the MIB and MIB image of one node are synchronized.
Midspan Meet
The capability to interface between two Lightwave Terminals of different vendors. This applies to
high-speed optical interfaces.
MS
Multiplexer Section
MSOH
Multiplex Section Overhead. Part of the SOH (section overhead). Is accessible only at line terminals
and multiplexers.
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection. Provides capability for switching a signal from a working to a
protection section.
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
Multiplexing
A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higher order path,
or multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.


8TR730-APG
NE
Network Element. The NE is comprised of telecommunication equipment (or groups/parts of
telecommunication equipment) and support equipment that performs network element functions
and has one or more standard Q-type interfaces.
nm
Nanometer (10-9 meter)
Non-revertive switching
In non-revertive switching, there is an active and standby high-speed line, circuit pack, etc. When a
protection switch occurs, the standby line, circuit pack, etc., is selected causing the old standby line,
circuit pack, etc., to be used for the new active line, circuit pack, etc. The original active line, circuit
pack, etc., becomes the standby line, circuit pack, etc. This status remains in effect when the fault
clears. Therefore, this protection scheme is “non-revertive” in that there is no switch back to the
original status in effect before the fault occurred.
Node
A node or Network Element is defined as all equipment that is controlled by one system controller.
OAM&P
Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning
Operation Interface
Any interface providing you with information on the system behavior or control. These include the
equipment LEDs, user panel, WaveStar™ ADM 16/1-EM, office alarms, and all telemetry
interfaces.
Operations Interworking
The capability to access, operate, provision, and administer remote systems through WaveStar™
ADM 16/1-EM access from any site in an SDH Network or from a centralized operations system.
OS
Operations System - A central computer-based system used to provide operations, administration
and maintenance functions.
OSI
Open System InterConnection
Parameter
A characteristic of the system that affects its operation.
Path
A path at a given rate is a logical connection between the point at which a standard format for a
signal at the given rate is assembled and the point at which the standard frame format for the signal
is disassembled.
Path AIS
Path Alarm Indication Signal - A path-level code that is sent downstream in a digital network as an
indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed.


8TR730-APG
Path Terminating Equipment

Network elements in which the path overhead is terminated.
PBP
Paddle board
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
Phase Locked
See Externally Timed
Platform
A platform is a family of equipment and software configurations designed to support a particular
application.
Plesiochronous Network
A network that contains multiple subnetworks, each internally synchronous and all operating at the
same nominal frequency, but whose timing may be slightly different at any particular instant.
PLL
Phase Lock Loop
PM
Performance Monitoring - Measures the quality of service and identifies degrading or marginally
operating systems (before an alarm would be generated).
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
Pre-provisioning
The capability to provision a slot before installing a circuit pack.
Proactive Maintenance
Refers to the process of detecting degrading conditions not severe enough to initiate protection
switching or alarming, but indicative of an impending signal fail or signal degrade defect.
Protection
Label attached to a physical entity. In case of reverse switching, the protection line or circuit pack is
the entity that is not carrying service (standby) under normal operation. The label has no particular
meaning in case of non-reverse switching.
Provisioning
Assigning a value to a system parameter.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PT-stnd
Power and timing circuit pack of WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 providing synchronization and power
filtering, 4.6 ppm hold over accuracy.
PT-str3
Power and timing circuit pack of WaveStar™ ADM 16/1providing synchronization and power
filtering, 0.37 ppm hold over accuracy.


8TR730-APG
RDI
Remote Defect Indicator - [(Previously called Far-End-Receive-Failure (FERF)] An indication
returned to a transmitting terminal that the receiving terminal has detected an incoming section
failure.
Receive-direction
The direction towards the cross-connect
Revertive Switching
In revertive switching, there is a working and protection high-speed line, circuit pack, etc. When a
protection switch occurs, the protection line, circuit pack, etc., is selected. When the fault clears,
service “reverts” back to the original working line.
RSOH
Regenerator Section Overhead. Part of SOH.
SC
System Controller
SD
Signal degrade
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. Definition of the degree of control of the various clocks in a digital
network over other clocks.
Section
A transport entity in the transmission media layer network which provides integrity of information
transfer across a section layer network connection by means of a termination function at the section
layer.
SEFS
Severely Errored Frame Seconds - A performance monitoring parameter.
Self-healing
A network's ability to automatically recover from the failure of one or more of its components
SEMF
Synchronous Equipment Management Function. This function converts performance data and
implementation-specific hardware alarms into object-oriented messages for transmission over the
DCC and/or Q-interface. It also converts object-oriented messages related to other management
functions for passing across the S reference points
Service
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is providing service. This
designation changes with each switch action.
SES
Severely Errored Seconds - A performance monitoring parameter.
SF
Signal Fail


8TR730-APG
SLM
Synchronous Line Multiplexer
SOH
Section Overhead. Capacity added to either an AU-4 or assembly of AU-3s to create an STM-1.
Contains always STM-1 framing and optionally maintenance and operational functions. SOH can
be subdivided in MSOH (multiplex section overhead) and RSOH (regenerator section overhead).
SONET
Synchronous Optical NETwork
Standby
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is not providing service, but
standby. This designation changes with each switch action.
STM
Synchronous Transport Module Building block of SDH.
Subnetwork
A group of interconnected/interrelated network elements. The most common connotation is an SDH
Network in which the network elements have data communications channels (DCC) connectivity.
Synchronous
Refers to Network elements that are timed from references traceable to a single Stratum-1 clock
source.
Synchronous Network
The synchronization of synchronous transmission systems with synchronous payloads to a master
network clock that can be traced to a single reference clock.
TMN
Telecommunications Management Network
Transmit-direction
The direction outward from the cross-connect.
Tributary
A 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s, 51.84 Mbit/s (STM-0), 140 Mbit/s (CEPT-4), 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) or
622 Mbit/s (STM-4) signal within the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 System.
TSA
Time Slot Assignment
TSI
Timeslot Interchange
UAS
Unavailable Seconds - A performance monitoring parameter.
Upgrade
An upgrade is the addition of new capabilities (feature). This requires new software and may require
new hardware.


8TR730-APG
Upstream
At or towards the source of the considered transmission stream, i.e. looking in the opposite
direction of transmission.
Value
A number, text string, or other menu selection associated with a parameter.
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplex
Wideband Communications
Voice, data, and/or video communication at digital rates from 64 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s.
Working
Label attached to a physical entity. In case of revertive switching, the working line or circuit pack is
the entity that is carrying service under normal operation. In case of non-revertive switching, the
label has no particular meaning.
WS
Workstation


8TR730-APG


Index
Index Fit rates, 7

Interfaces, 6, 5
Optical booster and pre-amplifier, 11
Optical interfaces, 10
Booster and pre-amplifier, 11
Numerics Interworking OLS 400G, 12
Interworking pack OLS 80G, 11
1.5 Mbit/s Line ports, 7, 10
Electrical interface, 13 Tributaries, 13
Paddle-boards, 8 Power and timing, 7, 15
Protection, 22 System controller, 16, 5
140 Mbit/s Timing and synchronization interface, 14
Electrical interface, 14 Tributary, 7
Paddle-boards, 9 Concatenation, 11
Protection, 22 Control
2 Mbit/s Remote, 7
Electrical interface, 14 Cross-connect, 5, 4
Paddle-boards, 8 Circuit pack, 15
Protection, 22 Fixed, 6, 5
Tributary retiming, 6 Higher order, 5, 4
34/45 Mbit/s Lower order, 5, 4
Electrical interface, 14 Small, 9
Paddle-boards, 8
Protection, 22
45 Mbit/s
Electrical interface, 14 D
Paddle-boards, 8
Protection, 22
DCC, 6, 7, 5, 8
DPS, 6, 5
Dual node interworking, 5, 14, 26
A
Administrator, 9 E
Alarms, 3, 13
Alarms and status reports, 12
Severity setting, 8 Electrical interfaces, 13, 3
Analog parameters, 13 Environmental aspects, 3
Architecture Equipment
Basic, 4, 3 List, 14
Timing, 17 Protection, 8, 22, 6
AU-3 / TU-3 conversion, 7 Status, 13
B F
Background block errors, 10 F interfaces, 9, 16, 6
Booster Fault detection, 12
Optical booster and pre-amplifier, 7, 11 Fit rates, 7
Broadcasting, 10 Flattened ring, 4
Folded rings, 4
C
H
Circuit packs, 10
Converter, 14 High-density subrack, 7
Cross-connect, 7, 15 Hubbing, 8
Electrical interfaces, 13

Version 2 Issue February 2000 IN-1

Index
I O
Installation practice, 10 Operations interfaces, 9, 5
Interconnection box, 6, 7, 5 Operator, 9
Interface Optical interfaces, 2
F interfaces, 9, 16, 6 Circuit packs, 10
Interface circuit packs, 6, 5 Line ports, 10
Miscellaneous discrete interfaces, 9, 16, 5 Optical booster and pre-amplifier, 11
Network management interfaces, 6 STM-0, 13
Office alarm interfaces, 9, 5 STM-1, 13
Operations interfaces, 9, 5 STM-4, 13
Q interfaces, 9, 16, 6 Tributaries, 13
Remote operations, 12 Optical safety, 6
Tributry interface mixing, 12 Overhead bytes, 7
ITM
CIT, 6, 7, 5, 6
DNA, 13
NM, 6, 8, 5 P
PRM, 13
SC, 6, 7, 5, 8, 9, 12
Single-ended operations, 9 Paddle-boards, 8
Performance Monitoring, 10
Power, 6, 7, 6
Circuit packs, 15
Pre-amplifier
J Optical booster and pre-amplifier, 7, 11
Protection, 22
J0 byte, 8 DNI, 5, 26
Equipment, 8, 22, 6
MSP, 4, 24
MS-SPRing, 5, 23, 7
L Non-revertive protection switching, 3, 6
SNC/N, 25
SNCP, 4, 25, 7
Login ID, 9 Timing mode, 6
Loop-backs, 7 Timing reference, 6
Provisioning
Automatic, 15
Default, 15
M Reports, 15
Maintenance
Remote, 7
Signaling, 12 Q
Two Tier, 7
Management Q interfaces, 9, 16, 6
Element management, 12 Quality of service, 8, 11
MDI/MDO, 6
Network management interfaces, 6
Remote, 7
MSP protection, 4, 24 R
MS-SPRing protection, 5, 22, 23, 7
Redundancy, 22
Reliability, 5
N Remote
Control, 7
Login, 8
NSAP address, 8 Maintenance, 7

IN-2 Version 2 Issue February 2000

Index
Management, 7 Circuit packs, 15

Reports, 13 Timing marker, 6
Alarms and status, 12 Timing modes
Analog parameters, 13 Free running, 5, 15, 19
Provisioning, 15 Hold-over, 5, 15, 20
Synchronization, 14 Locked, 5, 16, 19
Threshold, 10 Trace identifier, 8
Rings Tributary
Flattened ring, 4 2 Mbit/s tributary retiming, 6
Folded or collapsed rings, 4 Optical interfaces for tributaries, 13
Ring applications, 5 Tributary interface mixing, 12
Ring closure, 13
Upgrading a folded ring, 6
Robustness, 8
U
Unavailable periods, 10
S Unavailable seconds, 10
User channels, 7
Severely errored seconds, 10 User panel, 3
Severity setting for alarms, 8, 15
Small cross-connect, 9
SNC/N protection, 25
SNCP, 25 W
SNCP protection, 4, 7
Software Upgrades, 9
STM-0 WDM
Simple WDM for STM-16, 12
Optical interface, 13
Protection, 24
STM-1
Electrical interface, 14
Paddle-boards, 9
Protection, 22, 24
STM-16
Optical line port units, 10
Protection, 25
Simple WDM, 12
STM-4
Protection, 24
Subrack, 2
Supervisor, 9
Synchronization, 5, 17, 3
Report, 14
Synchronization Status Message, 6
System controller, 6, 5, 7, 3
Circuit pack, 16
T
Termination point
Severity stetting, 8
Terminations point
Trail termination point monitoring, 10
Threshold report, 10
Timing, 6, 7, 5, 6, 17
Architecture, 17
Backup timing, 20

Version 2 Issue February 2000 IN-3

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WaveStar ™ ADM16/1

Application and Planning

Copyright © 1999 Lucent Technologies

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

The WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 is a high-capacity intelligent multiplexer and transport

These applications may be:

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

Version 2, Issue February 2000 A-1

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A-2 Version 2 Issue February 2000

How to use this document 1

For general product and release information, refer to Chapters 1, 2, 4 and 5.

For information about Application planning, refer to Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 6.

Persons engineering a system should refer to Chapters 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

This Guide is organized as follows

Describes the purpose, intended audience, and organization of this

This Chapter describes the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1.

This chapter briefly describes the Features and Benefits of the

Also special system versions for applications in combination with other

This chapter describes the WaveStar TM ADM 16/1 architecture. After an

This chapter defines the “maintenance philosophy” outlining the various

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

Version 2 Issue February 2000 A-3

This chapter briefly describes the interworking between the WaveStar TM

This chapter summarizes descriptive information used with the application

This chapter describes Lucent Technologies’ quality policy and describes

This chapter describes how Lucent Technologies supports the WaveStar TM

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

A-4 Version 2 Issue February 2000

Differences between release 2.0 and 3.0

1. STM-4 optical short-haul interface (S -4.1)

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

Version 2 Issue February 2000 A-5

29. STM-1 optical long-haul interface (L-1.2)

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

A-6 Version 2 Issue February 2000

1 About this document 1

2 Features and Benefits 1

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

Version 2 Issue February 2000 i

STM-16 and STM-1/4 rings 13

5 Operations Administration Maintenance and Provisioning1

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ii Version 2 Issue February 2000

8 System Planning and Engineering 1

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Version 2 Issue February 2000 iii

10 Quality and Reliability 1

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iv Version 2 Issue February 2000

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

Version 2 Issue February 2000 v

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vi Version 2 Issue February 2000

The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1

The WaveStar™ ADM 16/1 is a high-capacity Multiplexer and Transport system

The main strengths of the product are:

Various protection mechanisms are supported by the WaveStar™ ADM 16/1,

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary