PB-100

Command List
 * Elem ents can be used repeatedly
{ } Select one of the elem ents
[ ] Elem ents can be om itted

Commands

INPUT
Function: Inputs data from the keyboard to a variable.
Format: INPUT [“message statement”,] variable name *
Examples: INPUT A
INPUT “LOCATION”,C$,”NAME”,D$

PRINT
Function: Displays an output element.
Format: PRINT output element[{, or ;}] *
Examples: PRINT “CASIO”
PRINT A, B, C
GOTO
Function: Branches to a specified location.
Formats: GOTO line number
GOTO #program area number
Examples: GOTO 210
GOTO #4

IF-THEN
Function: When a branching condition is true the statements after THEN are
executed.
Formats: IF branching condition THEN statement
IF branching condition THEN branching location
Examples: IF K$=”4" THEN N=N+1
IF A>B THEN 10
IF C=4 THEN #3

FOR-TO-STEP-NEXT
Function: Executes instructions between the FOR and NEXT commands a
number of times specified by the control variable.
Format: FOR variable name = numerical expression TO numerical expression
[STEP numerical expression] NEXT variable name
Example: FOR X = 0 TO 10 STEP 2
NEXT X
GOSUB
Function: Branches to a specified subroutine.
Formats: GOSUB line number
GOSUB #3
Examples: GOSUB 200
GOSUB #3

RETURN
Function: Returns to the main program from a subroutine.
Format: RETURN
Example: RETURN

STOP
Function: Temporarily stops program execution. Restarts by the ‘EXE’ key.
Format: STOP
Example: STOP

END
Function: Terminates program execution.
Format: END
Example: END
RUN
Function: Executes a program.
Format: RUN [line number]
Examples: RUN
RUN 1000

LIST
Function: Lists the specified program.
Formats: LIST A
LIST [line number]
Examples: LIST A
LIST 100

MODE
Function: Sets the state of the computer.
Formats: MODE 4 (degrees) MODE 5 (radians) MODE 6 (grades)
MODE 7 (PRT) MODE 8 (release PRT)
Example: MODE 4

SET
Function: Specifies the output format for numerical data.
Format: SET {Fn or En or N}
Example: SET F4: PRINT X
VAC
Function: Clears the data in all variables.
Format: VAC
Example: VAC

CLEAR
Function: Erase a program.
Format: CLEAR [A]
Examples: CLEAR
CLEAR A (erases all programs)

DEFM
Function: Expands the number of variables.
Format: DEFM size
Example: DEFM 10

SAVE
Function: Stores a program on cassette.
Format: SAVE [A] [“filename”]
Examples: SAVE “BUDGET”
SAVE A
LOAD
Function: Loads a program from cassette.
Format: LOAD [A] [“filename”]
Examples: LOAD “BUDGET”
LOAD A

PUT
Function: Stores variable data on cassette.
Format: PUT [“filename”] variable1[, variable2] *
Example: PUT “SALES” A, B

GET
Function: Reads variable data from cassette.
Format: GET [“filename”] variable1[, variable2] *
Example: GET “A,B

VER
Function: Verifies the program stored on cassette.
Format: VER [“filename”]
Examples: VER
VER “BUDGET”
 Character Functions

KEY
Function: Enters one character from the keyboard.
Format: KEY
Example: A$=KEY

CSR
Function: Displays an output element from a specified position.
Format: CSR numerical expression
Example: PRINT CSRA;”G”;CSR9;”H”

LEN
Function: Provides the length of a character string.
Format: LEN (character string)
Example: X=LEN(B$)

MID
Function: Provides a portion of the special $ character variable.
Format: MID(position[, number of characters])
Examples: A$ = MID(2, 3)
PRINT MID(X,Y)
VAL
Function: Converts a character string into the corresponding numerical value.
Format: VAL (character string)
Example: X=VAL(“123")

Numerical Functions

SIN
Function: Trigonometric sine function (sin X)
Format: SIN (numerical expression)
Example: SIN (A/B)

COS
Function: Trigonometric cosine function (cos X)
Format: COS (numerical expression)
Example: COS (A*10)

TAN
Function: Trigonometric tangent function (tan X)
Format: TAN (numerical expression)
Example: TAN (PI/6)
ASN
Function: Inverse trigonometric sine function (arcsin or sin-1)
Format: ASN (numerical expression)
Example: ASN (X*X)

ACS
Function: Inverse trigonometric cosine function (arccos or cos-1)
Format: ACS (numerical expression)
Example: ACS (A+12)

ATN
Function: Inverse trigonometric tangent function (arctan or tan-1)
Format: ATN (numerical expression)
Example: ATN (A/100)

LOG
Function: Common logarithmic function
Format: LOG (numerical expression)
Example: LOG (2.71828)

LN
Function: Natural logarithmic function
Format: LN (numerical expression)
Example: LN (1.6754)
EXP
Function: Exponential function
Format: EXP (numerical expression)
Example: EXP (1)

SQR
Function: Square root
Format: SQR (numerical expression)
Example: SQR (30)

ABS
Function: Gives the absolute value of the numerical expression.
Format: ABS (numerical expression)
Example: ABS (-10.5)

SGN
Function: Gives the sign of the numerical expression.
Format: SGN (numerical expression)
Example: SGN (-1)

INT
Function: Gives the largest integer which is less than or equal to the specified
numerical expression.
Format: INT (numerical expression)
Example: INT (3.14)
FRAC
Function: Gives the value of the fractional part of the numerical expression.
Format: FRAC (numerical expression)
Example: FRAC (2.64)

RND
Function: Gives the value obtained by rounding the specified digit.
Format: ROUND (numerical expression, digit position)
Example: ROUND (1.414, 2)

RAN#
Function: Gives a random number from 0 to 1.
Format: RAN#
Example: INT (RAN# * 10)
Error Message Table
Error Meaning Cause

1 Memory overflow or - Number of steps are insufficient. Program cannot be written.

2 Syntax error - Format error in program.

3 Mathematical error - The result of a numerical expression calculation exceeds 10^100 or greater.
- The argument of numerical function is outside the input range.
- Result is indefinite or impossible.

4 Undefined line number - No designated line number for GOTO or GOSUB statement.
error

5 Argument error - For a command or function that requires an argument, the argument is outside
the input range.

6 Variable error - Attempt was made to use memory which has not been expanded.
- Attempt was made to use the same memory for a numerical variable and a
character variable at the same time.

7 Nesting error - RETURN statement is executed when subroutine is not being executed.
- NEXT statement is executed when not in FOR loop.
- Subroutine nesting levels exceed 8.
- FOR-NEXT loop nesting levels exceed 4.

9 Option error - Execution is performed in the PRT mode or option command such as SAVE is
executed when no printer or cassette recorder is connected.
 Specifications

- Calculation Range
+-1 x 10^99 to +_9.999999999 x 10^99 and 0 (internal calculations use 12-
digit mantissa)

- Number of steps
Maximum 544 steps (maximum 1,568 steps when optional RAM pack is
loaded)

- Program capacity
Maximum 10 programs (P0 through P9)

- Number of variables
Standard 26, expandable to 94 (maximum 222 variables when optional RAM
pack is loaded) and exclusive character variable ($)

- Nesting
Subroutine - 8 levels
FOR-NEXT loop - 4 levels
Numerical value - 6 levels
Calculation elements - 12 levels
- Display system and contents
10-digit mantissa (including minus sign) or 8-digit mantissa (7 digits for
negative number) and 2-digit exponent.

- Power supply
2 lithium batteries (CR2032)

- Power consumption
Maximum 0.02W

- Battery life (Continuous use)

- Auto power-off
Power is turned off automatically approximately 7 minutes after last operation.
Character Code Table
SPACE + - * / ↑ ! ″ # $ > ≥ = ≤ < ≠
Numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . π ) ( E E

Capital
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
letters
Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p
Small
letters q y
r s t u v w x z
Symbols ? , ; :

Graphic
∑ ∆ @ X ÷ ♠ ← ♥ ♦ ♣ µ
Ʊ
↓ →
symbols .
% ¥ [ & _ ‘ ]
Digital Reconstruction: Steven Fox 2021