WEEKLY REQUIREMENT

IN

MEDICAL WARD ROTATION

(BSN-4 NIGHTINGALE)

SUBMITTED BY:

NANETH B. CADISAL

SUBMITTED TO:

MS. JUDE CADAO

 NURSING HEALTH HISTORY
A. DEMOGRAPHIC

DATA Name: E. M.
Address: Mambajao, Maasin City
Age: 65 yrs. Old
Birthdate: May 28, 1957

Gender: Female
Nationality: Filipino

Marital Status: Married

Occupation: N/A

Attending Physician: Dr. Anopol

Religious Orientation: Roman Catholic

Informant: Patient’s Son

Admission Diagnosis:
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection; Type 2 DM

B. Chief Complaint/Reason for visit

Fever, chills and elevated blood pressure

C. History of Present Illness

Prior to admission, patient stated that she had 2 days onset of fever and
chills associated with persistent vomiting which prompted admission.

D. Past Health History

The patient had previously been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and
hypertension approximately for 5 years, but had not experienced urinary tract
infection since her original diagnosis.

E. Family Health History

According to SO, they don’t have a hereditary complicated urinary tract infection in
line both with the mother and father’s family tree.
 PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
SYSTEM ACTUAL FINDINGS

Vital signs: T: 35.5 °C

P: 75 bpm
R: 22 cpm
BP:110/70mmHg
SPO2: 97%
General: The pt was wearing a white shirt and black colored shorts. She
was lying on bed with ongoing IVF of PLR 1L, regulated @ KVO;
infusing well @ left arm

 Appears lethargic
 Afebrile
 Awake, conscious and coherent
 Sexual development is appropriate for gender and age
 Slightly poor proper personal hygiene noted
Head:  Normocephalic without scalp lesions
 Ears and nose without deformity, external tenderness or
discharge
 Poor hearing noted on both ears
 Conjunctivae are pink. Sclerae white, without jaundice.
 Pupils equal round, react to light and accommodation
 Lips are slightly pale and dry
 Teeth present. Gums and mucus membranes pink without
bleeding, lesions or inflammation.
 Tongue is slightly dry
 Tonsils not enlarged
Neck:  Neck is symmetric in structure and at midline
 No palpable lymph nodes on neck
 Neck had no lesions nor sores upon inspection
Chest & back  No abnormal curvature of spine.
 Axillary lymph nodes not enlarged.
 Full range of motion, no muscle spasm or tenderness.
 No muscle retractions when breathing
Lungs:  No nasal flaring
 No use of accessory muscles
 RR @ 22 cpm
 Bilateral chest expansion
  No rales, ronchi, wheezes, or rubs.
 Vocal and tactile fremitus normal.
Cardiovascular: thrill. Regular rate and rhythm. (RRR) 1st and 2nd sounds normal
intensity (2nd sound physiologically split). No extra sounds or
murmurs.
Abdomen:  Scaphoid without scars.
 No abnormal tympany.
 Normal bowel sounds, no bruits.
Extremities:  Limited full range of motion on the upper and lower
extremities due to weakness
 Absence of edema noted
 Inguinal lymph nodes not enlarged.
Rectal: Brown stool. Can defecate without difficulties noted.

Genito-Urinary Can urinate without difficulties noted.

GORDON’S FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERN

Health perception-health management pattern
Before Hospitalization:
- The patient views her body as the foundation of significance. It is essential that
she keeps her physical well-being in order to meet the needs of her family. So,
with this thought in mind, she visits her physician for check-ups and positively
takes the prescribed medication. She also believes that traditional approaches
of treatment may help in the healing of the disease.
During Hospitalization
- The patient feels stressed and anxious. She is concerned that her illness
would worsen and is considering the possibilities. She is concerned over who
will provide for her family's basic needs.

Nutritional & Metabolic pattern

Before Hospitalization
- The patient claims to eat three times a day yet occasionally skips or delays
eating meals. She also stated that she eats less than usual yet sometimes
skips meals owing to work-related situations. She consumes meat and fatty
foods for most of her meals and rarely eats veggies. She consumes at least 5-
8 glasses of water per day.
During Hospitalization
- The patient stated that she does not have an appetite and only consumes a
small amount of the hospital food. The patient is following a low-salt, low-fat
diet. She only drinks water after eating or taking her medications.

Elimination pattern
Before Hospitalization

- She defecates once a day and urinates frequently. Her stool characteristic is
semi- formed and his urine is yellowish in color. The pattern is only disrupted
when she’s having bowel problems.
During Hospitalization
- The client defecates only once for two days and episodes of constipation and
urinates 2-3 times. She doesn’t drink much fluid now in the hospital. She only
drinks when she is eating.

Activity-Exercise pattern
Before Hospitalization
-The stated patient that sometimes she gets up early. And her lifestyle is inactive
and always spending more time doing sedentary activities such as watching
television and reading through social media or sitting for an extended period of
time.
During Hospitalization

- The patient is on bed rest. She does not do any kind of her usual exercise;
she also reports weakness and cannot tolerate walking or standing for a long
period of time due to weakness. She is only ambulatory with the assistance of
her husband and son.

Sleep-rest Pattern
Before Hospitalization
- She usually sleeps for about 5-6 hours a day; she sleeps @ 11 pm and wakes
up @ 5am. She sleeps less because of difficulty of sleeping sometimes.
During Hospitalization

- Because she feels fatigued and weak, the patient sleeps the most of the time of
her stay. She only wakes up when she is asked to eat, take her medications, or
when her S.O wants to talk to her, but when she is left alone, she falls back
asleep.

Cognitive and Perceptual Pattern

Before Hospitalization
- Patient has no hearing difficulty and could express herself clearly and
logically.

During Hospitalization
- Patient has hearing impairment on both ears yet could express herself
logically. She also understands about her current situation.
Coping Stress Pattern
Before Hospitalization
- The patient manages her emotions, especially during difficult moments,
knowing that she must be strong and steadfast for her family. Her positive
attitude comes from her partner, who has stood by her side through many
difficult moments. They are both working together to overcome life's obstacles.
During Hospitalization
- She responds to stress by resting and sleeping to drive her stress out and
by talking to her partner.

Value Belief Pattern

Before Hospitalization

- The patient is a Roman Catholic and religiously attends Sunday masses

together with her family.
During Hospitalization

- She has a great sense of faith in God, she thinks that she can pass these
trials since she knows that everyone is praying for her and God will never
leave her side.

Sexuality Reproductive pattern

Before Hospitalization
- She is not sexually active since, according to her, they are not in the mood to
do so because she is tired and her partner is exhausted from work.
During Hospitalization
- They are still not sexually active due to hospitalization and their age.
 DRUG STUDIES
Drug name Mode of Indications Contraindications Side effects Nursing
action and adverse Interventions
effects (by
system)
Generic name: Stimulates Used to treat Hypersensitivity to CNS: anxiety,  Monitor BP
 metoclopramid motility of the symptoms metoclopramide. drowsiness, carefully
e upper GI of slow Concurrent use of dystonic during
Brand name: tract, stomach medications likely to reactions, administratio
 Reglan increases emptying produce fatigue, n.
Therapeutic class: lower (gastroparesis extrapyramidal lassitude,  Monitor for
 GI stimulants esophageal ) in patients reactions. Situations in restlessness, extrapyramid
Pharmacologic sphincter with diabetes. which GI seizures, al reactions,
class: tone, and motility may be suicidal and consult
 Dopamine blocks dangerous (e.g., GI ideation, physician if
antagonists dopamine hemorrhage, GI akathisia, they occur.
Actual dose, timing receptors at perforation/obstruction confusion,  Monitor
and the ), depression, diabetic
route: chemorecepto history of seizure dizziness, patients,
 10 mg Q 8hrs r trigger zone. disorder, extrapyramidal arrange for
PRN for pheochromocytoma. symptoms, alteration in
nausea and fever, insulin dose
vomiting PO or timing if
hallucinations, diabetic
headache, control is
insomnia, compromised
tardive by alterations
dyskinesia. in timing of
CV: food
bradycardia, absorption.
supraventricula  Take this
r drug exactly
tachycardia,
hypotension, as
transient HTN, prescribed.
HF.  Do not use
GI: bowel alcohol, sleep
disorders, remedies,
diarrhea, sedatives;
nausea. serious
GU: sedation
incontinence, could occur.
urinary  Instruct
frequency, patient that
erectile this drug may
dysfunction. experience
Hematologic: these side
agranulocytosi effects:
s, Drowsiness,
neutropenia. dizziness (do
Skin: rash, not drive or
urticaria. perform other
Other: loss of tasks that
libido, prolactin require
secretion, alertness);
gynecomastia, restlessness,
amenorrhea. anxiety,
depression,
headache,
insomnia
(reversible);
nausea,
diarrhea.
 Report
involuntary
movement of
 the face,
eyes, or
limbs, severe
depression,
severe
diarrhea.

Drug name Mode of Indications Contraindications Side effects and Nursing

 action adverse effects Interventions
(by system)
Generic name: Inhibits Treatment History of GI:  Obtain CBC,
 ceftriaxone cell-wall of hypersensitivity/anaphylact pseudomembrano renal
Brand name: synthesis, susceptible ic reaction to us colitis, diarrhea. function
 Rocephin promoting infections cefTRIAXone, Hematologic: tests.
Therapeutic osmotic due cephalosporins. eosinophilia,  Assess oral
class: instability; to gram- Hyperbilirubinemic thrombocytosis, cavity for
 Antibiotic usually negative neonates, esp. premature leukopenia. white
Pharmacologic bactericida aerobic infants, should not be Skin: pain, patches on
class: l. organisms, treated with cefTRIAXone induration, mucous
 3rd some gram- (Can displace bilirubin tenderness at membranes,
generation positive from injection site, rash. tongue
cephalospori organisms, Its binding to serum Other: (thrush).
n including albumin, hypersensitivity  Monitor daily
Actual dose, respiratory causing bilirubin reactions, serum pattern of
timing tract, GU encephalopathy). sickness, bowel
and route: tract, anaphylaxis. activity, stool
 2 grams OD skin and consistency.
skin  Monitor I &
structure, O, renal
bone and function
joint, tests for
intra- nephrotoxicit
abdominal, y, CBC.
pelvic  Monitor
inflammator ceftriaxone
y blood levels
disease in patients
(PID), with renal
biliary and hepatic
tract/urinary impairment
tract  Report
 infections. severe
diarrhea,
difficulty
breathing,
unusual
tiredness or
fatigue, pain
at injection
site.
 Document
and record.

Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindication Side effects Nursing Interventions
s and
 adverse
effects (by
system)
Generic Name: Inhibits calcium Management Hypersensitivity to CNS:  Monitor BP
 amlodipine movement of amlodipine. Anxiety, very
Brand Name: across cardiac Hypertension Cautions: Hepatic dizziness, carefully if
 Norvasc and vascular , coronary impairment, fatigue, patient is
Pharmacologic smooth muscle artery severe headache, also on
Class: cell membranes Disease aortic stenosis, lethargy, nitrates.
 Calcium during (Chronic hypertrophic light-  Monitor
channel depolarization. stable cardiomyopathy headedness cardiac
blocker Dilates angina, with , rhythm
Therapeutic coronary vasospastic outflow tract paresthesia, regularly
Class: arteries, [Prinz metal’ obstruction. somnolence, during
 Antihypertensiv peripheral or variant] syncope, stabilization
e e, antianginal. arteries/arteriole angina). tremor of dosage
s. Decreases CV: and
Actual Dose: total peripheral Arrhythmias, periodically
 5 mg 1 tab OD vascular chest pain, during long-
PO resistance and hypotension, term
B/P by palpitations, therapy.
vasodilation. peripheral  Administer
edema drug without
EENT: Dry regard to
mouth, meals.
gingival  Take with
hyperplasia, meals if
pharyngitis upset
ENDO: Hot stomach
flashes occurs.
GI:  You may
Abdominal experience
cramps, these side
 abdominal effects:
pain, Nausea,
anorexia, vomiting
constipation, (eat
diarrhea, frequent
dysphagia, small
elevated meals);
hepatic headache
enzymes, (adjust
esophagitis, lighting,
flatulence, noise, and
indigestion, temperature
jaundice, ; medication
nausea, may be
pancreatitis, ordered).
vomiting  Report
GU: irregular
Decreased heartbeat,
libido, shortness of
impotence, breath,
urinary swelling of
frequency the hands or
MS: Myalgia feet,
RESP: pronounced
Dyspnea dizziness,
SKIN: constipation.
Dermatitis,
flushing,
rash.

NURSING CARE PLANS

ASSESSMENT NURSING GOALS/ INTERVENTION RATIONALE VALUATIO
 DIAGNOSI DESIRE N
S
D
OUTCOMES
Subjective: Acute pain After 8 hours of Independent: At the end
related to nursing 1. Assess pain 1. Provides of my care,
“Mo sakit ahung kilid urinary interventions the noting information the goal
usahay sa right side tract client will: location, to aid in was
dapit pero di kaayo” infection. intensity (0- determining partially
as verbalized by the - able to 10) duration. choice or met. The
patient. manifest relieved 2. Assess for effectivene patient was
or controlled signs and ss of able to:
pain. symptoms of intervention
Objective: urinary tract s. -manifest
infection. 2. Common decreased
- Right flank Scientific signs and pain
3. Assess for
pain Basis: symptoms relieved or
risk factors
- Pain scale of 8 for UTI. of UTI controlled
where 10 has Causes
4. Encourage include pain as
the highest excruciatin
fluid intake. dysuria evidenced
pain and g pain
5. Investigate of (painful, by pain
0 has no pain. when it
bladder burning scale is 5
- Facial enters a
fullness. sensation, out of 10.
grimace. ureter. The
6. Instruct to or difficult
- Guarding ureter
avoid coffee, urination),
behavior contracts in
tea, spices, urinary
response to
alcohol, and frequency
the
sodas. & urgency,
7. Apply a and
stone,
heating pad nocturia
causing
- V/S taken as severe, to the (voiding
follows: suprapubic two or
crampy
T: 35.5 °C area or lower more times
pain (renal
P: 75 bpm or back. at
R: 22 cpm ureteral 8. Observe bedtime).
BP:110/70mm colic) in the changes in 3. A history of
hg flank or mental status, sexually
SPO2: 97% lower back behavior transmitted
that often or level of infections,
extends to consciousnes catheter
the groin s. use, and
or, in men, 9. Provide previous
to a testis. comfort surgeries of
The measure like the
pain back rub, genitourina
typically helping ry tract are
comes in patient at risk of
waves. assume developing
position of UTI.
comfort. 4. Increased
Suggest use hydration
of relaxation flushes
technique bacteria
and deep and toxins.
breathing 5. Urinary
exercises. retention
Dependent: may
10. Administer develop,
antibacterial causing
as tissue
prescribed. distention
(bladder or
kidney) and
potentiates
risk for
further
 infection.
6. These
foods are
considered
urinary
tract
irritants and
may irritate
the urinary
system.
7. The
application
of heat to
the
perineum
help relieve
pain and
spasm.
8. Accumulati
on of
uremic
waste and
electrolyte
imbalances
may be
toxic to the
CNS.
9. Promotes
relaxation,
refocuses
attention
and may
enhance
 coping
abilities.
10. Reduces
bacteria
present in
the urinary
tract and
those
introduced
by drainage
system.

ASSESSMENT NURSING GOALS/ INTERVENTION RATIONALE VALUATION

 DESIRED
DIAGNOSIS
OUTCOMES
Subjective: Deficient After 2 hours of Independent: At the end of
1. Cognitive
Knowledge nursing 1. Assess my care, the
“Unsa diay nang
impairments
related to interventions the ability to goal was
UTI ma’am?
urinary tract client will: must be
learn met. The
Makamatay na?”
infection recognized so
or perform patient was
as - verbalize an
desired able to:
as verbalized by the
evidenced by understandin appropriate
health-
patient.
statement g of disease teaching plan - verbalize
related care.
of process and can be outlined. understandin
2. Assess
Objective: misconceptio treatment 2. Learning g of disease
motivation
n about the regimen. and requires energy. process and
- statement
disease willingness Patients must treatment
of
see a need or regimen as
misconceptio process. of patient
purpose for evidenced
n
to learn. learning. by nodding,
-
Scientifi 3. Ensuring physical taking notes
verbalizing 3. Rende
r comfort allows
c Basis: and
inaccurate Physical the patient to
A lack statement of
informatio concentrate on
comfort
of accuracy of
n. what is being
cognitive the disease.
discussed or
for the
information
 or patient.
demonstrated.
- V/S taken as psychomotor
4. A calm
follows: ability
T: 35.5 °C 4. Grant a environment
P: 75 bpm needed for allows the
calm and
R: 22 cpm health
BP:110/70mm peaceful patient to
hg restoration,
environment
- SPO2: preservation,
without concentrate and
97% or health
interruption. focus more
promotion is completely.
5. Provid
identified as 5. Conveying
e an
a knowledge atmosp
respect
here of
deficit. is
respect
Knowledge ,
especially
openn
plays an important
ess,
influential trust,
and
and when providing
collabo
significant ration.
education
6. Include
part of a to
the patient
patient’s life
in creating patients with
and
the teaching different values
recovery.
plan, and beliefs
Physicians
beginning about health and
have an with
illness.
important establishing
6. Goal
role in objectives
setting allows
patient and goals
the learner to
education. for learning
know what will
However, at the
be discussed
physicians beginning of
and expected
are not alone the
during the
in educating session.
session.
patients.
7. Consider 7. Allowing the
what patient to
is important identify the
to the most
patient. significant
8. Explore content to be
reactions presented first is
and feelings the most
about effective.
changes. Assessment

9. Render assists the

positive, nursing
constructive understanding
 reinforceme how the learner
nt of may respond to
learning. the information
10. Note and possibly
progress of
how successful
teaching and
learning. the patient may
be with the
expected
changes.
9. A positive
approach by the
patient will help
him or her feel
good
about learning
accomplishment
s, gain
confidence, and
maintain self-
esteem.
10. Documentation
allows
 additional
teaching to be
based on what
the learner has
completed.

LABORATORY RESULTS
LABORATORY/ INDICATION REFERENCE ACTUAL FIDINGS SIGNIFICANCE NURSING
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE CONSIDERATIONS
TEST FINDINGS
1. Complete A CBC may Pre-procedure
Blood Count be ordered nursing
(CBC) when you are consideration:
-Complete blood ill and/or  Establish
count, also have signs Rapport. To
known as full and allow you to
blood count, is a symptoms understand
set of medical that may be your patient's
laboratory tests related to feelings and
that provide conditions communicate
information that affect well with
about the blood cells. them that
patient’s current The test may can help
health using the be ordered improve
results of the when you patient care
test. have fatigue with a
or weakness, smooth
easy bruising sailing
or bleeding, laboratory
or when you test.
have signs  Explain test
and procedure.
symptoms of Intra-
infection or procedure
inflammation nursing
etc. consideration:
 Explain that
slight
discomfort
 4.5-5.4 X 103  4.64 x 10^3  Normal may be felt
RBC
/mm3 /L when the skin
is punctured.
 4.5 to 11.0  12.4×10^3/L  High  Explain that
WBC ×10 3 /mm3 fasting is not
(indicates necessary.
infection) However, fatty
 121-151 g/L  14.5 g/L meals may
 Normal
Hemoglobin alter some test
 35-55%  37% results as a
 Normal
Hematocrit result of
 88% lipedema.
 55%-70% of  High(due  Inform the
Neutrophils total white to patient when
blood cells recuring the needle is
infection inserted to
 20% to 30% of  10% and
Lymphocytes total white blood draw blood,
fever)
cells some people
would feel
 2% to 6% of  2% moderate
Monocytes total white blood  Normal pain, while
cells others feel
only a prick or
stinging
sensation.
 Normal  Inform the
patient that
after the
blood is
drawn, there
may be some
throbbing.
Post-procedure
nursing
consideration:
 Place a dry
 cotton ball at
the site and
apply
pressure.
 Inform the
patient about
the testing
result.

3. Urinalysis To diagnose Pre-nursing

- A of a medical consideration
physical, condition s:
chemical such as  Wash
and hands prior
microscopic detection and to
tests that management collectin
detect of urinary g
and/measure tract samples
several infections .
substances and  Instruct
in urine, metabolic patients
such as by- disorders. to vacuum
products Urinalysis directly into a
 of may be clean,
normal suggested if dry container.
you  Sterile,
or disposable
abnormal are containers
metabolism, experiencing are
cells, cellular abdominal recommende
fragments pain, d.
and  Women
bacteria. backpain, should
frequent or always have
painful a clean
urination, catch
blood in urine specimen if a
and other microscopic
urinary examination
problems. is ordered.
 Feces,
discharges,
 Straw/Yellow vaginal
Color (Light/pale to  Hazy Yellow  Abnorm secretions
dark/deep al (may and
amber) indicate menstrual
s sign of blood
UTI) will
 Clear to  Abnorma contaminate
Character cloudy l the
(associat urine
ed with specimen.
kidney
dysfuncti Intra-nursing
on) consideration
s:
 Depending
Specific  1.005-1.025  Normal on hospital
gravity  1.010 policy, the
collected
pH
 4-7.2 urine
 Normal
 5.0 can be
 Negative transferred
Protein  Positive to an
 +2 (presenc appropriate
e of specimen
protein container.
in urine Post-nursing
may consideratio
indicates n:
kidney  Cover
problem) all specimens
tightly,
label
 Negative  Normal properly
Sugar  Negative
and send
immediately
to the
laboratory.
 Observe
standard
precautions
when
handling
urine
specimens.
 Wash
hands
thoroughly
after
each
handling
the sample.
 DISCHARGE PLAN
S Subjective Cues
- “Mas okay na ahung paminaw karon, di nako luya. Paulion naman mi karon” as
verbalized by the patient.
O Objective Cues
- Seen pt sitting on a bed without IVF
- Awake, conscious and coherent
- Able to assume ADLs with minimal assistance
- No other physical discomforts claimed
- V/S taken as follows:
 T: 35.5 °C
 P: 75 bpm
 R: 22 cpm
 BP:110/70mmHg
 SPO2: 97%
M Medications (include definite instructions)
- Metoclopramide 10 mg every 8 hrs. as needed for nausea and vomiting
and Losartan 50 mg 1 tab once daily for hypertension as prescribed by
doctor.
E Environmental Modifications
- Advised to maintain a calm and restful environment conducive to rest and
recuperation.
- Promote clean and non-aromatic room with adequate ventilation, lights, and away
from noise.
T Treatment (non-pharmacologic)
- Instructed to maintain high fluid intake in order to keep the urinary tract working
and pushing the urine through the body.
- Advised on follow up check-up after 1 week from discharge at OPD.
H Health Teachings
- Encouraged personal hygiene.
- Advised to minimize stressors and tensions.
 - Advised lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, exercise, avoiding stress,
and minimizing alcohol consumption.
O Observable signs/symptoms (cues for seeking prompt management)
- Advised to report any unusuality observe or any signs of infections.

D Diet Modifications
- Advised on diet low salt low fat diet such as whole grains, dried beans, fish etc.
- Instructed to limit salt and alcohol consumptions.
- Avoid smoking.
 HEALTH TEACHING PLANS

TOPIC: Acute Gastritis

LEARNING LEARNING TIME LEARNING PROCESSING
CONTENTS
OUTCOME METHODOLOGY ALLOTMENT MATERIALS QUESTIONS
Within 45 Introduction: Mechanics: The entire -Graphic illustrations -What are the
minutes of health UTIs are common infections that process should -Laptop important things to
teaching: happen when bacteria, often from last in the whole -Visual aids consider in urinary tract
the skin or rectum, enter the 45 minutes of -Manila Papers infection?
-the patient will urethra, and infect the urinary allotted time. -Pens
able to verbalize tract. The infections can affect -Papers -What is urinary tract
the importance several parts of the urinary tract, infection and its
of information but the most common type is a 1. Setting: Create a causes?
about the bladder infection (cystitis). Kidney welcoming
causes, infection (pyelonephritis) is environment for the -Why is it important to
treatment, and another type of UTI. They’re less client. There will be know the risk factors of
prevention of common, but more serious than a table covered with urinary tract infection?
urinary tract bladder infections. a table cloth,
infection. paper, and pens. -Define the
Discussion: There should effectiveness of the
be a chair. lesson given?
Risk Factors: - 3 minutes
2. Welcome and of -What are the
 Some people are at higher
introduction: The welcome comments or opinions
risk of getting a UTI. UTIs
student nurse begins and about the topic being
are more common in
with a prayer to be Introductio taught?
females because their
followed with a n
urethras are shorter and
closer to the rectum. This warm welcome and
makes it easier for bacteria an introduction,
to enter the urinary tract. setting the context,
and putting client at
ease. - 30
minutes’
3. Proper lecture or proper
discussion: The lecture or
student nurse will discussion
 begin its discussion.
Other factors that can increase Play some short - 10
the risk of UTIs: video presentation minutes’
and demonstration answering
 A previous UTI their
related to the topic.
questions
 Sexual activity
and
 Changes in the bacteria that concerns
live inside the vagina, or
vaginal flora. For example, -2
menopause or the use of minutes
spermicides can cause for the
these bacterial changes. ending
or
 Pregnancy conclusi
on
 Age (older adults and young
children are more likely to
get UTIs)

 Structural problems in the

urinary tract, such as
enlarged prostate

 Poor hygiene, for example,

in children who are potty-
training

 Symptoms

 Symptoms of a bladder
infection can include:

 Pain or burning while

urinating

 Frequent urination
  Feeling the need to urinate
despite having an empty
bladder

 Bloody urine

 Pressure or cramping in the

groin or lower abdomen
Symptoms of a kidney infection
can include:

 Fever

 Chills

 Lower back pain or pain in

the side of your back
 Nausea or vomiting

When to Seek Medical Care:

 Talk to your healthcare

professional if you have
symptoms of a UTI or for
any symptom that is
severe or concerning.

 Taking antibiotics,
prescribed by a
healthcare professional,
at home can treat most
UTIs. However, some
cases may require
treatment in a hospital.
Treatment:
 Your healthcare
professional will
determine if you have a
UTI by:

 Asking about symptoms

 Doing a physical exam
 Ordering urine tests, if
needed
Prevention:
 Urinate after sexual
activity.
 Stay well hydrated.
 Take showers instead of
baths.
 Minimize douching,
sprays, or powders in
the genital area.
 Teach girls when potty
training to wipe front to
back.