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Notes - Syntactic Function

The document summarizes various syntactic functions in English including: 1) Subjects which can be expressed through pronouns like "it" or be empty. Predicates express meaning through verbs, verb phrases, or verb clauses. 2) Objects include direct objects, indirect objects, and prepositional objects which follow verbs or prepositions. 3) Complements provide further information about subjects or objects and follow linking verbs or objects. Attributes describe nouns while adjuncts express time, place or other details.

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305 views

Notes - Syntactic Function

The document summarizes various syntactic functions in English including: 1) Subjects which can be expressed through pronouns like "it" or be empty. Predicates express meaning through verbs, verb phrases, or verb clauses. 2) Objects include direct objects, indirect objects, and prepositional objects which follow verbs or prepositions. 3) Complements provide further information about subjects or objects and follow linking verbs or objects. Attributes describe nouns while adjuncts express time, place or other details.

Uploaded by

Trường
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson_4_2/20/2023

Monday, February 20, 2023 7:50 AM

Syntactic functions
Subject - Predicate
Attributes Objects
• Complements
Adjuncts

• Subject
○ …..
○ Subject "it" (impersonal pronoun)
 Empty subject:
□ Eg: it is hot today
□ => express no real meaning
 Preparatory / Introductory subject (chủ ngữ dẫn nhập/ chủ ngữ giới thiệu)
□ Eg: it is interesting to talk to him
□ It is interesting talking to him
□ It is interesting when talking to him Adverb partical Prepositional object
• Predicate - means of expression --> đứng sau 1 preposition
○ The predicate can be expressed by:
1. A word: It rains Tom walked to the office after breakfast She is talking about English
2. A phrase:
□ Verb phrase only
 Eg: the question is when he comes Direct object Prepositional
• Object object
○ Direct object
 Eg: he buys me roses I find a new job I look for a new
○ Indirect object job
 Eg: he buys me roses --> follow a
○ Prepositional object gengetive verb
 Eg: he looks after the baby
○ ==> a basic sentence struture with object
 SVO: subject + verb (transitive-ngoại động từ) + object
• Compliment
Subject complement (predicative #predicate) Object compliemnt

○ Eg: He is nice He makes me happy


--> stand after a link verb --> stand after an object
--> give further information about the subject --> give further information about the object
• Attribute --> định nghữ, đứng sau N và bổ nghĩa cho N đó
○ Adjective used as an attribute
He is a good man He is good
 --> attributive adjective --> predicative adjective Differences btw
 => same word can place different syntactic function in a or one sentence Predicative Predicate
• Adjunct - means of expression --> express (time, place, purpose,…9 loại) He is nice He is
○ A word: nice
○ A phrase
○ A clause -> follow a link verb
--> give information about
subject

Attribute Adjunct Adverb Adverbial Adjunct


This is the restaurant Cx thường đi vs từ để hỏi để chỉ Modifier phrase
where you can find good chức năng nơi chốn,… nhma tùy
food vào hoàn cảnh và tình huống
thwucj tế
-> đứng sau N, bổ sung ý
nghĩa

Eng Gram 1 Page 1

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