ABE 51A – Agricultural and Biosystems Power Engineering, Lab Laboratory Report 3

Name: ___________________________________________ Date Given:

Lecture Instructor: ___________________________________ Date Due:

Laboratory Exercise 4

FOUR-WHEEL TRACTOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

I. Introduction

Prepare an introduction briefly describing the importance/relevance of the activity.

II. Objectives

1. Identify the parts and components of a two and four-wheel tractor and its function;
2. Identify the function of the controls of the two and four-wheel tractor; and
3. Discuss the inspection, starting and driving procedures of a two and four-wheel tractor.

III. Materials and Methods

Two-wheel and four-wheel tractor

Procedures
A. Parts and Components of a Two-wheel Tractor and its Function
1. Take a picture of the two-wheel tractor in EIL Bay 2. Attach your picture in your
laboratory report as Figure 1.
2. Identify and label the parts and components of the two-wheel tractor.
3. Write and tabulate the importance of the function of each part in Table 1.

B. Parts and Components of a Four-wheel Tractor and its Function

1. Take a picture of the four-wheel tractor in EIL Bay 2. Attach your picture in your
laboratory report as Figure 2.
2. Identify and label the parts and components of the four-wheel tractor.
3. Write and tabulate the importance of the function of each part in Table 2.

C. Two-wheel Tractor Controls and its Function

1. Take a picture of the two-wheel tractor’s control in EIL Bay 2. Attach your picture in
your laboratory report as Figure 3.
2. Identify and label the controls of the two-wheel tractor.
3. Write the importance of the function of each control in Table 3.

D. Four-wheel Tractor Controls and its Function

1. Take a picture of the four-wheel tractor’s control in EIL Bay 2. Attach your picture in
your laboratory report as Figure 4.
2. Identify and label the controls of the four-wheel tractor.
3. Write the importance of the function of each control in Table 4.

E. Two-wheel Tractor Inspection, Starting and Driving Procedure

1. Enumerate the basic steps/procedure in inspecting, starting and driving of a two-wheel
tractor.
2. Discuss the procedure.

F. Four-wheel Tractor Inspection, Starting and Driving Procedure

1. Enumerate the basic steps/procedure in inspecting, starting and driving of a four-wheel
tractor.
2. Discuss the procedure.

IV. Results and/or Discussion

A. Parts and Components of a Two-wheel Tractor (Rice Reaper) and its Function

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Tractors are one of the modern agricultural tools and are classified as heavy equipment.
Tractors help farmers to plow or cultivate fields. 2-wheeled tractors are conventional tractors that
are used to assist farmers in cultivating rice fields. In its use for cultivating the land, two-wheeled
tractors have several types. Along with the advancement of technology, tractors began to be
developed to help a lot of human work.

Figure 1. Two-wheel Tractor

It is a walk-behind harvester with an engine that is ideal for harvesting and windrowing
cereals and oilseed crops. The reaper is made up of an engine, a power transmission box,
pneumatic wheels, a cutter bar, crop row dividers, lugged conveyor belts, star wheels, operational
controls, and a strong frame. Through belt pulleys, engine power is transferred to the cutting bar
and conveyor belts. Crop row dividers separate the crop as the reaper moves ahead, and come into
contact with the cutter bar, where crop stems are sheared. The chopped crop is transported to one
side of the machine by a lugged conveyor belt and windrowed on the field. The produce is
physically packaged and carried to the threshing yard. There are no earth-shattering losses as a
result of vertical conveying of the crop.

Figure 1.1. Two-wheel Tractor (with identified and labeled parts and components)

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The tractor component and function of a two-wheel tractor are listed in the table below (rice
reaper). A rice reaper is a vertical conveyor reaper-cum-windrower that cuts the crop and
arranges it in the shape of a windrow for easier plucking.

Table 1. Parts and components of a two-wheel tractor (rice reaper) and its function.
Tractor Function
Component

An engine is a mechanism that transfers energy from a fuel to mechanical

energy, hence producing motion. Engines, such as those seen in
Engine
automobiles, may run on a range of different fuels, the most common of
which being gasoline and diesel.

To transmit power from the engine to the back wheels of the tractor.
Power To slow the pace of the tractor's rear wheels.
Transmission To tailor the wheel speed/engine speed ratio to the field conditions.
Box The right-angle drive is used to transmit power since the crankshaft and
rear axle are normally at right angles to one another.

Are virtually only employed where weight and riding comfort are
Pneumatic important considerations, such as in vehicles and aircraft. Solid rubber tires
Wheels are popular in situations where rubber tires might be punctured and where
riding comfort and weight are less important.

Engine Mounting An engine mount's principal role is to attach an engine to machinery and
Frame absorb any shocks and vibrations while the machinery is in operation.
Engine mounts and anti-vibration mounts are crucial components for
preventing engine damage and improving operator comfort (where
applicable).

The handle position (handlebar) is critical to the safety and comfort of the
operator when operating the two- wheeled tractor, as well as the effect of
the slope gradient that can be crossed by the tractor.
Handle
Is to convey the weight and resistance of an implement to the tractor's
driving wheels. Given the same power, weight, and fuel consumption, this
offers the tractor more useful traction than it would otherwise have.
Hitch Assembly
To disconnect the engine from the road wheels when desired. To transmit
the torque in a smooth manner without shocks and jerks. To reduce the
engine speed as desired based on tire size and forward speed required.

Transmission
Assembly

Cutter Bar The Cutter bar is given reciprocating motion by crank wheel

Aid with crop lifting, collecting, and directing towards the cutter bar After
Crop Row
the crop is sliced, it is maintained vertically during its transit by pressure
Dividers
springs and star wheels.

Star wheels are often used in agriculture, aggregate screening, recycling,

Star wheels and waste management sectors. They are also known as separator wheels,
de-stoning wheels, screening wheels, or harvesting wheels.

The components and functions of a two-wheel tractor are listed in the table above (rice
reaper). It is made up of a standard cutter bar assembly, crop row dividers with star wheels,
covers, pressure springs, and vertical conveyor belts (Fig. 1). Crank wheel provides
reciprocating motion to cutter bar. Crop row dividers with star wheels enter the standing crop

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and assist in lifting, collecting, and directing the crop towards the cutter bar. After the crop is
sliced, it is maintained vertically during its transit by pressure springs and star wheels.

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B. Parts and Components of a Four-wheel Tractor and its Function

A four-wheeled tractor is a type of tractor that has more advanced technological features
than two-wheeled tractors because its utilization and function have been adjusted based on
human needs. Moving a four-wheeled tractor requires a lot of power. This is why four-
wheeled tractors are also referred to as heavy equipment. So that the components needed are
more complete than those of the two-wheeled tractor.

Figure 2. Kubota L185DT Compact Utility Tractor

The picture above is a Kubota L185DT Compact Utility Tractor is equipped with a
Kubota Z751 diesel 2-cylinder liquid-cooled 45.3 ci [0.7 L] engine, which produces 17 hp
[12.7 kW] power at rated rpm 2800. Kubota L185DT Compact Utility tractor is featured with
a Kubota 0.7L 2-cyl diesel engine, 8 forward and 2 reverse gears, 4×2 2WD or 4×4 MFWD
4WD (L185DT) and 1595 to 1785 pounds weight.

Figure 2.1. Kubota L185DT Compact Utility Tractor Labelled Parts

The picture above is the labelled parts of the tractor. It shows the important
components of the tractor. Every tractor is fitted with an I.C. engine. Now a days almost
all the tractors are diesel tractors. The tractor is composed of following parts: engine,
clutch, transmission system differential unit, final drive, rear wheels, front wheels,
steering mechanism, hydraulic control and hitch system, brakes, power take-off unit,
tractor pulley, control panel, fuel system, operator seats, electrical system, etc. Control
systems are labelled in section D.

The tractor is one of the most important equipment in agriculture. This tool serves to
assist farmers in completing their tasks, especially in terms of piracy, fertilization, and other

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matters relating to agriculture. Then, do you know about farm tractor parts and their functions?
Through the table below, I will share information about farm tractor parts and their functions. On
this table I will outline the main parts of a tractor, and give a brief explanation of how they work
together to make your tractor do what it is supposed to.

Table 2. Parts and components of a four-wheel tractor and its function.

Tractor Function
Component 
The engine is the vehicle’s main source of power. The engine uses fuel and burns
it to produce mechanical power. The kind of engine used in a tractor is called an
Engine
internal combustion engine because it converts the heat energy of fuel into
mechanical work by burning the fuel inside the engine itself.
Clutch is a device, used to connect and disconnect the tractor engine from the
Clutch transmission gears and drive wheels. Clutch transmits power by means of friction
between driving members and driven members.
Transmission In a tractor, the transmission system transmits the power generated in the engine to
system the driving wheels, hydraulic systems, and power take-off (PTO). 
Differential unit is a special arrangement of gears to permit one of the rear wheels
of the tractor to rotate slower or faster than the other. While turning the tractor on
Differential unit
a curved path, the inner wheel has to travel lesser distance than the outer wheel.
The inner wheel requires lesser power than the outer wheel.
Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between the Differential and
the Drive wheels. Final drive transmits the power finally to the rear axle and the
Final drive
wheels. The tractor rear wheels are not directly attached to the half shafts but the
drive is taken through a pair of spur gears.
The heavy rear wheels provide a proper weight distribution while the tractor pulls
any weight. That is why the tractor rear wheel is big. The driving axle settled
Rear wheels
higher above the ground indicates the tractor can pull more weight without the
front wheel rising.
The front wheels are intended to have positive camber (toe-in). The positive
Front wheels camber or "toe-in" is generally used in vehicles for off-road use. In such vehicles,
the positive camber angle helps to achieve a lower steering effort.
The steering gear changes the direction of motion and increase the turning force
Steering applied by driver of the steering wheel in accordance with gear ratio. The gear
mechanism rotates the steering arm (pitman arm) which transfers the motion to the steering
knuckles through the steering gear connecting rod, tie-rod and knuckle arms.
Its main function is to hook and control agricultural machines working position.
Hydraulic control The hydraulic hitch system is an important part of modern agricultural tractor
and hitch system work unit. The research on the hydraulic hitch system control method, is the basis
of ensuring that the tractor work unit reach the optimal performance.
Brake is used to stop or slow down the motion of a tractor. It is mounted on the
driving axle and operated by two independent pedals. Each pedal can be operated
Brakes
independently to assist the turning of tractor during the fieldwork or locked
together by means of a lock.
The tractor's stub shaft, often called the PTO, transfers power from the tractor to
Power take-off
the PTO-driven machine or implement. Power transfer is accomplished by
unit
connecting a drive shaft from the machinery to the tractor's PTO stub shaft.
The function of the pulley is to transmit power from the tractor to stationary
machinery by means of a belt. It is used to operate thresher, centrifugal pump,
Tractor pulley
silage cutter, and several other machineries. The pulley is located either on the
left, right or rear side of the tractor.
The Tractor Control Panel functions as the interface panel between surface system
and downhole tractor tool/tractor control cartridge. It also supplies DC power for
other tools. The Tractor Control Panel functions as the interface panel between
Control panel
surface system and downhole tractor tool/tractor control cartridge.

Fuel System The fuel system covers the travel of fuel from the fuel tank to injection of
atomized fuel into the combustion chamber/cylinder where the burning of fuel
takes place to generate mechanical work output.

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Provides the operator with a comfortable and controlled seated posture. Reduces
mechanical shock and vibration transmitted to the operator. Positions the operator,
relative to the machine, to provide adequate vision allowing him to safely and
Operators Seat
efficiently perform all his work functions.

is driven by V-belt, which gets drive from the crankshaft. It converts mechanical
energy obtained from engine into electrical energy. Its main function is to
recharge the battery. It also supplies electric current to the other accessories when
Electrical System
engine is running.

The engine hood is the main component of the front view of a tractor. It is used to
cover the tractor engine, the radiator, and other sensitive components.
Engine Hood

illuminate the roadway and facilitate fatigue-free and safe driving. Headlights and
their light sources are thus vehicle components that are relevant to safety. They
Head Lights require official approval and must not be tampered with.

taillights is to relay to others what you are doing. The taillights indicate to the
drivers behind you several different things—they tell a driver whether you are
Tail Lights  turning, preparing to stop, stopped or backing up.

Hazard lights control – Usually a button that turns on flashing yellow lights to
indicate the tractor/equipment is a hazard to approaching or following vehicles.
Hazard Lamp

Tractor implements or tractor-mount equipment are defined as a collection of tools

that are attached to an agricultural tractor for performing various tasks on
Implements 
farmlands. These implements can handle multiple functions such as digging,
plowing, sowing, cultivating, and seeding.
The table above are the components of the tractor and its respective functions. The tractor is
composed of following parts: engine, clutch, transmission system differential unit, final drive, rear
wheels, front wheels, steering mechanism, hydraulic control and hitch system, brakes, power take-off
unit, tractor pulley, control panel, fuel system, operator seats, electrical system, etc. Engine is the
vehicle’s main source of power. Clutch is a device, used to connect and disconnect the tractor engine
from the transmission gears and drive wheels. Transmission system transmits the power. Differential unit
is a special arrangement of gears to permit one of the rear wheels of the tractor to rotate slower or faster
than the other. Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between the Differential and the
Drive wheels. The heavy rear wheels provide a proper weight distribution while the tractor pulls any
weight. The front wheels are intended to have positive camber (toe-in). The steering gear changes the
direction of motion and increase the turning force applied by driver of the steering wheel in accordance
with gear ratio. Hydraulic control and hit ch system main function is to hook and control agricultural
machines working position. Brake is used to stop or slow down the motion of a tractor. The tractor's stub
shaft, often called the PTO, transfers power from the tractor to the PTO-driven machine or implement.
The function of the pulley is to transmit power from the tractor to stationary machinery by means of a
belt. The Tractor Control Panel functions as the interface panel between surface system and downhole
tractor tool/tractor control cartridge. The fuel system covers the travel of fuel from the fuel tank to
injection of atomized fuel into the combustion chamber/cylinder. Operator seat provides the operator with
a comfortable and controlled seated posture. Electrical system converts mechanical energy obtained from
engine into electrical energy. The engine hood is used to cover the tractor engine, the radiator, and other
sensitive components. Moreover, it's crucial to understand how a tractor is put together. While it is
usually very easy to identify which component is malfunctioning, not understanding what each
component does can cause the issue to be incorrectly diagnosed. In extreme circumstances, replacing or
repairing parts might cost time and money.

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C. Two-wheel Tractor Controls and its Function

Unlike the four-wheel tractor, the moving controls of a two-wheel tractor are designed to
be hand-operated and no foot controls at all. The figures below show the controls of a two-
wheel tractor as well as the importance and functions of each of these parts.

Figure 3. Two-wheel Tractor Controls

Hand-operated engine controls increase engine speed when moved upward or forward.
There is no steering wheel like in the four-wheel tractor, instead it has right and left levers.
To turn the tractor, lever should be pulled to the desired direction.

Figure 3.1. Two-wheel Tractor (with identified and labeled controls)

These controls play a major role for the mobility of the two-wheeled tractor. Three of the
main moving controls of a two-wheel tractor includes hand grip, throttle lever and the main
clutch lever. The table below discusses the importance and functions of the mentioned controls.

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Table 3. Controls of a two-wheel tractor and its function.

Controls Function

The operators of hand tractors experience high levels of

hand-transmitted vibration which cause early fatigue.
Hand Grip The comfort in operating and controlling the tractor may
vary on the design of the handle grips, which reduces the
vibration with regard to their performance.

This lever is for increasing or decreasing the speed of the

engine. In fuel injected engines, the throttle body is the
Throttle Lever part of the air intake system that controls the amount of
air flowing into the engine, in response to driver
accelerator pedal input in the main.

It acts as a mechanical linkage between the engine and

transmission, and briefly disconnects, or separates the
engine from the transmission system. The pressure plate's
compressed springs retract as a result of pulling the
Main Clutch Lever
clutch lever in. As a result, the steel plates that are being
driven together with the friction separate and start
rotating independently, cutting off the engine from the
transmission system.

The controls of a two-wheeled tractor are mainly designed to be hand-operated since the
equipment is supposed to be pushed and dragged by the operator using the hand grip. The hand
grip is basically used for the operator to steer the equipment to which direction they desire.
Throttle lever are necessary for increasing or decreasing the speed of the engine. While the clutch
lever basically transmits torque from the rotating driving motor to a transmission. Each of these
components are important to make the equipment work. The absence of one of these controls will
definitely lead to dysfunctionality or failure of operation.

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D. Four-wheel Tractor Controls and its Function

The control systems in tractors are continually evolving. The direction of tractor is
controlled by specific forward and reverse gears or by directional controls. all four wheels are
supplied with power from the transmission which leads to less slippage and improves
performance.

Figure 4. Kubota L185DT Compact Utility Tractor

Four-wheel drive tractors are mainly used for tillage operations. The functions normally used
to control a tractor are the steering, clutch, brakes, throttle, fuel shutoff, engine start, and
transmission gear selection.

Figure 4.1. Kubota L185DT Compact Utility Tractor (with identified and labeled controls)

Four-wheel tractor common controls, safety levers, and their functions are presented
in Table 4.

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Table 4. Controls of a four-wheel tractor and its function.

Controls Function

The engine provides instant power for the operation of four-wheel

Engine tractors. It is a system that extracts energy from fuel and converts it to
mechanical (rotational) form using air.

used to attach and detach the tractor engine from the transmission
Clutch gears and driving wheels Clutch delivers power by friction between
driving and driven elements.

delivers the engine's power to the driving wheels, hydraulic systems,

Transmission system
and power take-off (PTO).

Is a particular gear arrangement that allows one of the tractor's rear

wheels to rotate slower or quicker than the other. When turning the
Differential unit tractor on a curved road, the inner wheel must travel less distance than
the outer wheel in order for the tractor to drive quicker than the other
at the turning point.

permits the drive wheel to run at much slower speed and with a much
Final drive
higher torque than the earlier part of the drive train.

is obtained with the help of a rack and pinion for the front wheels and
Steering mechanism
a connector turning the rear wheels.

Its primary role is to hook and regulate the working position of

agricultural machinery. The hydraulic hitch system is an essential
Hydraulic control and
component of today's agricultural tractor work unit. The study of the
hitch system
hydraulic hitch system control technique is the foundation for
guaranteeing that the tractor work unit performs optimally.

Is used to halt or slow the movement of a tractor. It is positioned on

Brakes
the driving axle and is controlled by two separate pedals.

Is a device that transmits the mechanical power of an engine to

another piece of equipment. A PTO enables the hosting energy source
Power take-off unit to provide power to extra equipment that lacks its own engine or
motor. A PTO, for example, aids in the operation of a jackhammer
with a tractor engine.

The pulley's job is to convey power from the tractor to stationary

Tractor pulley
machines through a belt.

Serves as an interface between the surface system and the downhole

Control panel tractor tool/tractor control cartridge. It also provides direct current
power to other tools.

The four-wheel tractor shall be equipped with position and/or draft hydraulic control levers.
The engine stop control is by key and by mechanical push-pull control. A key is always
turned counterclockwise to stop an engine. A push-pull lever is always pulled out to stop the
engine.

E. Two-wheel Tractor Inspection, Starting and Driving Procedure

Modern farm tractors provide most of the muscle power needed for today's high output
agricultural enterprises. Tractors are more common on farms than any other piece of equipment

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and are used to carry mounted and semi-mounted implements, to transport equipment and
materials, to pull tillage equipment and wagons and as remote power sources for other equipment.
Unfortunately, every year, tractor accidents result in serious disabling injuries and tragic
loss of life. Losses due to property damage, medical bills, time off work, reduced productivity
and insurance costs are considerable. The major causes of injury and death to tractor operators are
rollovers, falls and contact with tractor attachments.

BEFORE OPERATING
 Do not operate the tractor when tired, sick, sleepy, drunk, feeling overworked, taking
medicine, pregnant, suffering from mental disease or if other improper conditions are
present. These conditions impair a person’s skill and judgment. When you begin feeling
tired while operating the tractor, take a 10-minute break to stretch, walk about, lie down
or snack. Do not continue if you still feel tired after taking a break. Remove oil, grease or
mud from the hand rails, steps, pedals, controls, and floor to avoid slips or loss of control.
 To attach or remove an implement, refer to the implement and tractor manufacturer’s
manuals for the proper procedures. To unhitch an implement, move to a level area, lower
the implement to the ground and then block the equipment in position before unhitching.
If an implement has wheels, block them to prevent it from rolling.
Make sure
(1) The tractor and implements are in good condition and properly adjusted.
(2) To check for loosened bolts, adequate lubricants, damaged or under-inflated tires, safety
shields and devices, steering and braking linkages, hydraulic leaks, etc. Refer to this manual for
more detailed information.
(3) That implements are properly attached and hooked up. Check that the PTO U-joint yoke and
locking devices are securely latched on their shafts.
(4) That the tractor’s PTO speed matches the implement’s specifications.

STARTING

START THE ENGINE SAFELY

 If you operate the engine inside a closed building, be sure there is plenty of ventilation
before starting the engine. Exhaust fumes are poisonous. Carbon monoxide is especially
dangerous because it is odorless and colorless. You can easily be overcome without
realizing it.
 Always stay near the tractor and keep the parking brake set securely while warming it up.
 Only start the engine from the operator’s seat. Never start the engine while standing on
the ground.
Before you start the engine:
(1) Sit in the operator’s seat and adjust the seat position if necessary.
(2) Make sure the ROPS is in working condition and seat belt securely fastened.
(3) Lower any implement to the ground.
(4) Place speed shift lever and the PTO switch in neutral.
(5) Set the parking brake.
(6) Disengage the PTO for the neutral position.
(7) Check all the instruments, gauges and indicator lights.
(8) Be sure everyone is clear of the tractor and implement.

DURING OPERATION
OPERATE THE TRACTOR SAFELY
 Keep people and pets a safe distance away when starting and operating the tractor and
implement. Do not permit any person other than the operator to ride or board the tractor
or implements, including any wagons.
 Do not play games with the tractor.
 Never allow children to ride on your lap.
 Do not touch the muffler, radiator, engine or other high temperature parts before they
have cooled down completely.

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 Do not try to get on or off a moving tractor or implements. Always use the handrails and
steps and face the tractor when getting on and off. Never use control levers as a handhold
and never step on foot controls when getting on and off. Do not get on the tractor with
wet or greasy hands, or muddy shoes. Do not jump off the tractor. Be aware of slippery
conditions on the ground.
 Make sure you check the connecting points on your equipment.
 Keep hands, feet and clothing away from power-driven parts. Keep others away from
articulated joints, hitches, drawbar, lift arms, PTO drives, cylinders, and anything else
that moves.
 Never stand, or allow anyone else to stand, between the tractor and an implement, unless
the engine is turned off and the parking brake is engaged securely.
 Oversized implements are dangerous for tractor operation and are not safe for you. Refer
to the implement’s operator manual for the minimum and maximum horsepower
requirements and weights that are allowed.
 When using a heavy implement in front, always install ballast or an implement on the
rear for safe, stable steering control. When using a heavy implement on a rear 3-point
hitch, always install ballast or an implement on the front for safe, stable steering control.
 Slow the tractor down when crossing rough ground, tall grass or weeds. Rocks, holes and
stumps may be hidden in the brush.
 Do not let your tractor bounce. You may lose steering control.
 Never use the tractor to round up farm animals.
 Do not allow the tractor to coast downhill with the clutch in, or with the gear shift in
neutral.
 When operating the tractor on a slope, set the wheel tread as wide as possible for
maximum stability, reduce the engine speed and avoid quick application of the brakes or
sharp turns.
 Stay off hills and slopes which are too steep.

Driving Procedure
1. Climb up into the tractor's seat. Familiarize yourself with the controls and find the clutch. Set
the seat so you can reach the steering wheel, throttle, and other controls easily with your hands
and feet.
 Wear your seatbelt any time you're going to be around other vehicles. In the
field, while it may seem like common sense to buckle your safety belt, you'll find
almost no farmers strapping themselves in. More likely than an accident in your
tractor will be the need to quickly turn off the engine and hop out and do
something that needs doing. The safety roll bar will help to prevent serious
injury. Practice good tractor safety and drive safely.
2. Press the clutch pedal down to the floor with your left foot. You want to be sure the
transmission is in neutral as you turn it over.
3. Engage the break with your right foot. Turn the key forward to start the engine. When it turns
over, drop the throttle slightly (without killing it) to let the engine warm up a little. If you jump
straight from turning it over to driving, you'll likely stall.
4. To drive, release the tractor's parking brake. Continue holding the clutch to the tractor floor and
put the transmission into a first gear.
5. Slowly lift your foot off the clutch. Just as with any manual transmission, you want to be slow
and smooth as you let the clutch out. It's a lot easier since you don't have to be actively pushing
the gas. Keep the throttle at a low setting and take your foot off the brake.[5]
6. Maintain a uniformly slow speed. Tractors aren't made for going particularly fast, they're made
for durability and power. Don't push it. Go slowly, treating turns, curves, and hills with special
caution.
Especially if you're using attachments and other hardware, go extremely slowly and use
precaution when executing turns.
7. To stop the tractor, press the clutch to the floor completely. Switch the gears to neutral and set
the parking brake. Slow the throttle. Turn the tractor key to the off position to stop the tractor
engine.

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F. Two-wheel Tractor Inspection, Starting and Driving Procedure

Inspection
Before operating the two-wheel tractor, make sure to:
 Check oil level by using dipstick. See the level of the dipstick. It should be between the upper and the
lower marks. Never exceed the level while filling.
 Check the water level by opening the radiator cap top up if level is low.
 Check the belt tension. Push the belts firmly with your right thumb at the center. If the distance is too
much it needs tightening but if it is not, it does not need any adjustment.
 Check tire pressure visually.
 Check oil in the air cleaner reservoir. The oil level in the reservoir might be low and it may have dirt
in it. Please check the condition of the oil by simple visualization and by your right hand. It can be
changes if it is too dark in its color and if it has dirt in it. Refer the user’s manual or check and read
the label on the air cleaner housing.

Starting Procedure
To start a two-wheel tractor, there are two options:
1. Using starter battery/key
2. Using mechanical crank handle/manually
 Make sure that you engage the gear to neutral. If the gear is not neutral, the crankshaft of the engine
cannot rotate so that it will be tough for an operator to start.
 Disengage the clutch/brake lever to brake position by your left hand
 Move the throttle knob to half/turn it to left
 Press the decompression knob. The purpose of the decompressor of the decompression knob is to let
out/allow the compressed air from the combustion chamber in the cylinder so that the operator will
feel easy on his hand while starting. In other terms, the operator will start the engine without extra
effort needed.
 Engage the manual cranking tool into the right side of the insertion plug on the injection pump.
 Rotate clockwise gradually and to a higher rotation while pressing the decompression knob until you
feel the engine has reached its starting rpm.
 Now quickly remove your left hand from the decompression knob and un-plug the cranking tool from
its position by your right hand.
 If the engine starts, reduce the throttle knob to idle position/there is no indication in the knob but you
can feel the sound of the engine not too much not too little.

Forward Driving
 Gear is in the neutral position when it is started, now you should select first or second gear depending
on your desire.
 There are two options/low and high gear.
 To select high gear, pull the lever to upward, for low gear push the lever down.
 Engage the gear-shifting lever to 1st gear.
 Increase the throttle gradually.
 Engage the clutch/brake lever to its forward position.
 Now the walking tractor starts moving forward.
 If you want to shift the gear to 2nd, disengage the clutch/brake lever to its backward position and shift
the gear to 2nd gear.

Steering
There is no circular steering wheel like in a vehicle (car). The levers/clutches/in the right and left handles
act as a steering wheel.
 To turn to the left the left lever should be pulled.
 To turn to the right the right lever should be pulled.

V. Conclusion

Make appropriate conclusion in reference to the results/findings.

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ABE 51A – Agricultural and Biosystems Power Engineering, Lab Laboratory Report 3

VI. Citation

Cite properly the works of others and sources that have been made reference of your work.

VII. Appendices

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