Health 7: Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) - This Condition Affects The

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Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

LESSON 5: Ways on Preventing and Controlling Malnutrition and Micronutrient


Deficiencies
It is very evident especially in a developing country like the Philippines, to have cases of
malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies among infants, children, and teens. In this
scenario, affected children became more susceptible in acquiring diseases because of
weak immune system. This lesson will introduce you to the ways on how to prevent and
control malnutrition and the different micronutrient deficiencies that may affect
adolescents like you.
Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies
Micronutrient deficiencies are diseases resulting from lack of
vitamins or minerals in the body. In the worldwide scale, including the
Philippines micronutrient deficiency is one of the major problems of
malnutrition. These are deficiencies in Vitamin A, iron, and iodine
deficiency disorders.
Deficiency of the different micronutrients will result to malnutrition,
that may lead to more complications on one’s personal health.
Here are some of the ways to prevent and control Malnutrition and
Micronutrient deficiencies:
1. Having a balanced diet
- To have a balanced diet, You must prepare your meals with
foods under the Main Food Groups (Go, Glow, and Grow
Foods).

2. Food- based strategies:

a. Fortification is the act of putting additional vitamins and


minerals to commonly consumed food.

Example:
Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) – this condition affects the
children but the effects last longer.

Plant sources: alugbati, carrots, gabi leaves, kamote tops,


kangkong, malunggay, saluyot, squash, papaya, and ripe
mango.
Animal sources: eggs, cheese, crab’s fat, dilis, milk, and liver.

Iron Deficiency Anemia- (IDA) - a deficiency wherein the red


blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal.

Plant sources: Green leafy vegetables such as malunggay,


gabi leaves, kangkong, saluyot, kamote tops, and whole grain
cereals such as rice and corn. For better absorption in the
Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

body, Vitamin C-rich food must be eaten.


Animal Sources: Chicken liver, Pork Liver….
Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) - this refers to the
developmental delay and brain damage in regions where little
iodine occurs naturally in the diet.
Iodine rich foods are breads, cheese, eggs, iodized salt,
saltwater fish, cow’s milk, seaweed, shellfish, frozen yogurt,
ice cream, soy sauce.
b. Dietary Approaches this refers to continuous methods, that
involves discussing social, environmental, and cultural
factors. Promotion of breastfeeding and enough supportive
feeding is important.
Examples:
Lecture on Promotion of breastfeeding
Promotion of Proper feeding practices
c. Dietary supplements – this are substances that provides
additional vitamins and minerals intended to improve the
nutritional values to the diet.
3. Public Health Approaches – this includes giving proper
education towards disease control, socioeconomic and
environmental factors.
4. Family Planning and Birth spacing – many research roots
Poverty as one cause of Malnutrition worldwide due to
overpopulation but with proper implementation of family
planning and birth spacing this issue will be lessen and soon
will help in the prevention of malnutrition
5. Updated Immunization of Children from birth

6. Regular Monitoring and measuring of Individual’s Height,


Weight, and BMI.

Characteristics, Signs and Symptoms of Eating Disorders

Food is very important for every individual, as it gives you the energy that you need in
doing your work and do activities every day. And even when you eat the right food, your
eating habits will also affect your health. Most people do their best to support the needs
of their bodies, but some nutritional problems or disorders can still happen and worsen
without appropriate control and understanding.

Adolescent stage is one of the most important stages in life wherein you must
understand the importance of proper diet. Some will develop problems with unhealthy
dieting without meeting the required minimum nutritional needs, for a healthy growth
and development of an individual.
Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

After assessing your previous knowledge about the different ways on how to prevent
and control malnutrition and the different micronutrient deficiencies, let us now
expand your understanding about the different Eating Disorders: Sign and Symptoms
and its Characteristics.

Eating Disorder
Adolescents nowadays have many choices when it comes to the food they eat.
Most of them are picky of what they want to eat. Some of them eat less because of the
fear of getting fat and because they get too conscious about their figure or to what
others will tell them. Others do not eat at the right time because of being hooked in
spending time with their gadgets. They prefer to eat junk foods than full meals and
that will result to unhealthy lifestyle. Both gaining weight and losing weight if not in
correct diet and control causes serious problems. Due to their desire of losing weight,
they develop eating disorder. An eating disorder is an unwanted eating habits that
can lead to inadequate or excessive food intake, that can cause severe illness or that
may even result to death. It is believed that eating disorders are also caused by stress,
trauma, loss of control, and participation in sports and activities that contribute to
eating disorder. Some may get it due to serious emotional and mental problems that
need professional treatment. Therefore, persons who are experiencing these disorders
must seek treatment immediately.

Kinds of Eating Disorder

1. Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-


imposed starvation resulting to extreme loss of
weight. It is a result of an extreme fear of
gaining too much weight or being obese, that
will distort their size and shape of the body. It
usually occurs during adolescent years
because they are very self-conscious about
their bodies, that is why they force themselves
not to eat or has little amount of food intake.

Not all thin persons experienced this condition to be diagnosed with anorexia
nervosa. It is a psychological disorder with physical and emotional effects. This
condition is dangerous and can cause death to someone who is suffering from
it.

Signs and Symptoms:


 excessive weight loss
 irregular heartbeat
 fainting and dry skin
 irregular menstruation for the women
 dryness and brittleness of the hair
 prone to muscle injury

2. Bulimia Nervosa is a disorder characterized by frequent overeating followed by


Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

self-induced vomiting as a sign of purging or to


undo the effects of overeating. This disorder is
also common to people who are too worried about
their weight. They will eat a large amount of food
in a short period of time. Sometimes individuals
who thought that they too much also use
Laxatives to get rid of the food they eat and avoid
gaining weight. Laxatives are substances used to
easily set bowel movement.

Signs and Symptoms:


• sore mouth
• throats turned reddish
• swollen abdomen
• malnutrition
• heart damaged due to excessive hunger
• kidney damaged due to laxative abuse
• breaking and fracture of the teeth
• dehydration

3. Binge Eating Disorder is also known as compulsive eating. People with binge
eating problem eat a large amount of food at a regular basis. They often eat
while doing something, unaware that they already ate a lot. The different factors
why they eat too much can be of feeling lonely and angry. They eat too much as
a release of their emotional problems and sometimes called as “stress-eating” .
This is different from normal eating in holidays. Binge eating is not a disease, it
is a behavior that can be changed and treated.

Signs and Symptoms:


• feeling of grief
• feeling disgust or self-hatred
• lack of control in eating
• unpleasant feeling
• self-conscious
• depression

Nutritional Problems among Adolescents


Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

Learning Competencies: After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Identify the Nutritional Problems among Adolescents

Every parent put their efforts in giving their best, and most nutritious meal for their children
to become the healthiest they can be. But some nutritional problems can still occur during
their stage of adolescence. These problems includes overeating and making poor food
choices, resulting in obesity and undernutrition. Conversely, other adolescents develop
problems with unhealthy and extremely restrictive dieting without meeting the minimum
nutritional requirements necessary for healthy growth and development. This lesson will
introduce you to the different Nutritional Problems among adolescents.

After assessing your previous knowledge about the different Nutritional Problems
among adolescents, let us now expand your understanding about the different Nutritional
problems among Adolescents

Nutritional Problems among Adolescents


As an adolescent, you may be experiencing significant changes in yourself right
now because you are in another stage of your life - adolescence! This occurs between
puberty and adulthood. It is a crucial period of growth and development, so good nutrition
is very important. During adolescence, the need for most nutrients including energy,
protein, vitamins, and mineral arise. The food you eat will immensely affects your over-all
health including your ability to stay active, study and hang out with your friends and other
daily activities.

Nutritional Problem Health Effects


■Skipping breakfast might lead to eat more on the next meal, or you
Skipping Breakfast may have a chomp on a higher calorie snacks to satisfy your hunger.
■ Poor Performance
Skipping breakfast may cause less energy to do different activities
and tasks so it also means less work and slower in making decisions.
■Low Energy Levels
Eating foods with too Fast food puts the metabolism under stress. It causes the blood
many preservatives sugar levels to decline, thus leaving a feeling of frail and wasted and
will leave a person unproductive, having hard time at work or any
activity.
■ Damage to Your Liver
Having too much fast-food intake brings in huge amount of oils,
calories, and fats to your body. With these, the liver will be damaged
and will lead to organ failure like the ones caused by excessive alcohol
intake.
■ Obesity and Related Diseases
Eating foods high in preservatives will lead to obesity, which is a
gateway to a multitude of diseases such as hypertension, heart
diseases, diabetes, and some types of cancer.
■ Heart Problems
Fast foods have large amount of salt and bad cholesterol which
are proven to be the major causes of heart attacks and other related
cardiovascular diseases.

■ It can cause type 2 diabetes:


Junk Diet Junk food diet is considered as one of the major contributing
factors for the emerging number of people suffering with diabetes. The
Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

reason why your body gets a steady supply of glucose, which helps in
maintaining insulin sensitivity. Because junk food lacks fiber, its
consumption directly results in an increase in sugar levels. Further
junk food consumption may result to obesity, one of the main reasons
for insulin resistance and development of diabetes.
■ It can also trigger digestive problems:
Junk food eaters are bound to suffer from digestive difficulties
because junk food is deep fried. The oil saturated in junk food gets
fixed on the walls of the stomach lining, that increases acid production.
Spices deposited in them irritates the stomach lining. Absence of fiber
in the stomach lining hampers digestion, increasing problems like
constipation.
■ Junk foods cause abnormalities in blood sugar levels due to its high
amount of refined sugar which triggers stress in the metabolism.
Refined sugar let the pancreas secrete more amount of insulin to
prevent an instant increase in the blood sugar and causes it to
fluctuate suddenly after eating. This makes a person uncomfortable
and increase the craving to eat for more junk food.
■ Junk foods cause kidney disease.
High amount of bad fats and sodium from salt disrupts the
sodium- potassium balance of the body and causes hypertension. Since
the kidney must filter all the toxins from the blood, eating a lot of junk
food has a direct effect on the kidney functioning.
 Junk foods can damage the liver due to its high trans-fat content
that causes liver dysfunction due to its accumulation on the liver.
■ Junk foods may increase the risk of getting cancer.
Lack of fiber is considered the main reason why eating
junk foods is linked in the increased risk of cancers of the digestive
system.

Ways on Preventing Nutritional Problems among Adolescents


Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

It is very evident nowadays that adolescents like you is experiencing problems related to
acquiring proper nutrition due to changing lifestyle and as well as availability of
resources of foods to the environment or community. This lesson will introduce you to
the various ways on how you can prevent or avoid the different nutritional problems
among adolescents.
After assessing your previous knowledge about the different Nutritional Problems among
adolescents, let us now expand your understanding about the
ways on how to prevent and avoid the different nutritional
problems among adolescents.
Ways to Prevent the Different Nutritional Problems among
Adolescents
As an adolescent, you may experience health challenges
as you grow and mature to a full-grown adult and some of
these are disorders and problems related to nutrition which is
very important in the development of every teenager like you.
But there is no need to worry as it is preventable and
manageable, depending on your lifestyle. So here are some
ways on how to prevent the Different nutritional Problems
among adolescents.
1. Practice healthy eating

Healthy eating means eating different set of foods that will give you the nutrients you
need to maintain your health, make you feel good, and have energy to perform your daily
activities. Choosing and planning of foods that is good for your health is the key to
healthy eating such as eating of vegetables and fruits regularly, Increase fiber in the diet
and decrease the use of salt and Eat more chicken and fish.
Limit red meat intake and choose lean cuts when possible and
lessen food that are salty.
2. Drink water. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water a day.
Try to avoid or lessen drinks or beverages that are high
in sugar. Fruit juices may contain a lot of calories, so
limit your consumption of these products. Whole fruit is
always a better choice.
3. Practice healthy preparation of food for your meals
In the preparation of food, you must try to bake or broil
instead of frying and decreasing the use of oil or butter in cooking meals. Boiling
is the healthiest way of preparing food because the food is not cooked in a very
high temperature and less salt content other ways on how you can cook and
prepare your food are blanching, poaching , grilling , roasting, broiling and baking
.
4. Eat in a pleasant and attractive atmosphere.
Eating in a pleasant and attractive place may make our meals into a more
enjoyable meal. It will also increase the appetite of the person eating especially to
children and teens who are distracted by many things around them such as
gadgets, social media etc.
Schools Division Office of Quezon City

7 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL


Ecols St., Commonwealth
Quezon City, 2nd District, Metro Manila

HEALTH 7
Quarter 2, Week 8

5. Eat meals at a regular time interval.


the more a person skip meals then the more he/she will crave for foods that might
result to overeating or unhealthy eating. Eating of three meals a day with healthy
snacks is greatly advised.
6. Chew the food thoroughly when eating.
Chewing the food thoroughly when eating will help in digesting the food you eat
quickly; it will also help in getting the nutrients in our food faster.
7. Eat all kinds of food served at the meal.
Eat some, each kind of the served food at the meal. Do not let likes and dislikes
keep you from getting the food nutrients that your body needs.

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