Redox and calculations

• This is practice - Do NOT cheat yourself of finding out what you are capable of doing. Be sure you follow the testing
conditions outlined below.
• DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR. You may use ONLY your periodic table and formula sheets.
• Work only for 1.3 minutes per question (47 min total). Time yourself. It is important that you practice working for
speed. Then when time is up, continue working, with a calculator if you must, but use a different color writing utensil
so you will have a sense of how many you were able to complete under the time constraints and without the
calculator.

1. Consider this reaction: 3Au(s) + 8H+ + 2NO3− → 3Au2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(L)

Mark each of the following statements (about the reaction above) as true or false.

a. T F Au(s) is reduced during the reaction.

b. T F The oxidation state of nitrogen changes from +6 to +2.
c. T F Hydrogen ions are oxidized when they form H 2O(L).
d. T F 8 electrons are lost and 8 electrons are gained during this reaction.
2. Which substance contains the element that is reduced in e. extensive
the following reaction:
Cr2O72− + 6S2O32− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62− + 7H2O
a. Cr2O72−
b. S2O32−
c. H+
d. Cr3+
e. S4O62−

3. What is the oxidation number of manganese in the

KMnO4
a. +1
b. +2
c. +5
d. +4
e. +7

4. How many electrons appear in the following half-

reaction when it is balanced.
Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 6

5. The more __________ the value of E°red, the greater the

driving force for the substance’s own oxidation.
a. positive
b. negative
c. exothermic
d. endothermic
Practice MC Unit B (pg 2 of 8) Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry (Ch 4 & 20, sect 1−4)

6. How many electrons appear in the following half- 9. 6H+ + 5H2O2 + 2MnO4− → 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
reaction when it is balanced.
According to the balanced equation above, how many
S4O62− → 2S2O32− moles of the permanganate ion are required to react
completely with 25.0 ml of 0.100 M hydrogen peroxide?
a. 6 a. 0.000500 mol
b. 2 b. 0.00100 mol
c. 4 c. 0.00500 mol
d. 1 d. 0.00625 mol
e. 3 e. 0.0500 mol

7. The half-reaction occurring at the anode in the balanced

reaction shown below is 10. A 1.0 L sample of an aqueous solution contains 0.10 mol
3MnO4− + 24H+ + 5Fe → 3Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 12H2O of NaCl and 0.10 mol of CaCl2. What is the minimum
number of moles of AgNO3 that must be added to the
a. MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O solution in order to precipitate all of the Cl− as AgCl(s)?
b. MnO4− + 5e− → Mn2+ (Assume that AgCl is insoluble.)
c. Fe → Fe3+ + 3e− a. 0.10 mol
d. Fe + 3e− → Fe3+ b. 0.20 mol
e.
MnO4− + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5e− c. 0.30 mol
d. 0.40 mol
e. 0.60 mol
8. The oxidation half reaction occurring in the standard
hydrogen electrode is
a. H2 → 2H+ + 2e−
b. 2H+ + 2OH− → H2O
11. When 400. milliliter of 0.10-molar sodium chloride is
c. O2 + 4H+ + 4e− → 2H2O added to 200. milliliters of 0.10-molar aluminum
d. 2H+ + 2e− → H2 chloride the number of moles of Pb2+ that must be added
to precipitate out all of the Cl− would be
e. 2H+ + Cl2 → 2HCl
a. 0.020 moles
b. 0.040 moles
c. 0.050 moles
d. 0.060 moles
e. 0.10 moles

12. A 20.0-milliliter sample of 0.200-molar K2CO3 solution

is added to 30.0 milliliters of 0.300-molar Ba(NO3)2
solution. Barium carbonate precipitates. The
concentration of barium ion, Ba2+, in solution after
reaction is
a. 0.00500 M
b. 0.00900 M
c. 0.0500 M
d. 0.100 M
e. 0.00250 M
Practice MC Unit B (pg 3 of 8) Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry (Ch 4 & 20, sect 1−4)
13. How many moles of solid Ba(NO3)2 should be added to
300. milliliters of 0.20-molar Fe(NO3)3 to increase the 17. Which one of the following reactions is a redox reaction?
concentration of the NO3− ion to 1.0-molar? (Assume a. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
that the volume of the solution remains constant.)
b. Pb2+ + 2Cl− → PbCl2
a. 0.060 mole c. AgNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + AgCl
b. 0.12 mole d. 2HC2H3O2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2H2O+ Ca(C2H3O2)2
c. 0.24 mole e. None of the above are redox reactions.
d. 0.30 mole
e. 0.40 mole
18. Which substance is the reducing agent (the substance
that caused reduction i.e the substance that is oxidized)
in the following reaction?
14. Given the following half reactions:
Sn4+ + 2e− → Sn2+ Eº = 0.15 V Fe2S3 + 12HNO3 → 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3S + 6NO2 + 6H2O

Fe3+ + 1e− → Fe2+ Eº = 0.77 V a. HNO3

Determine the standard cell potential (E°cell) for the b. S

voltaic cell based on the reaction c. NO2
Sn2+ + 2Fe3+ → 2Fe2+ + Sn4+ d. Fe2S3
e. H2O
a. +0.47 V
b. +0.62 V
c. +0.92 V
d. +1.39 V 19. What is the coefficient of the bromide ion when the
following equation is balanced?
e. +1.69 V
MnO4− + Br− → Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution)
a. 1

15. When this reaction is balanced, the coefficient on the b. 2

Sn2+ is. c. 4
Sn4+ + Cr → Cr3+ + Sn2+ d. 5
e. 10
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 20. Consider the half reactions shown below to answer the
following question:
e. 6
Fe3+ + 1e− → Fe2+ Eº = 0.77 V
Sn 4+
+ 2e− → Sn 2+
Eº = 0.15 V
Fe 2+
+ 2e− → Fe Eº = −0.44 V
16. Identify the redox reactions below.
Cr 3+
+ 3e− → Cr Eº = −0.74 V
I. K2CrO4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4 + 2KCl
Which of the following reactions will occur
II. Pb2+ + 2Br− → PbBr2 spontaneously as written?
III. Cu + S → CuS a. Sn4+ + Fe3+ → Sn2+ + Fe2+
a. III only b. 3Fe + 2Cr3+ → 2Cr + 3Fe2+
b. II only c. Sn2+ + Fe → Sn4+ + Fe2+
c. I only d. 3Sn4+ + 2Cr → 2Cr3+ + 3Sn2+
d. I and III e. 3Fe2+ → Fe + 2Fe3+
e. II and III
Practice MC Unit B (pg 4 of 8) Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry (Ch 4 & 20, sect 1−4)

21. In the oxidation-reduction reaction 25. Which ion, in solution, can be oxidized by chemical
Sn4+ + 2 Fe2+ → 2 Fe3+ + Sn2+ means but also can be reduced by a different chemical
a. Sn is reduced and Fe2+ is oxidized.
4+ reaction?
b. Sn4+ is oxidized and Fe2+ is reduced. a. Fe2+
c. Sn4+ is oxidized and Fe3+ is reduced. b. F−
d. Fe3+ is reduced and Sn2+ is oxidized. c. CO32−
e. Fe2+ is oxidized and Fe3+ is reduced. d. NO3−
e. Al3+

22. Given the standard reduction potentials

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu E° = +0.34 Volt
Al + 3e− → Al
3+
E° = −1.66 Volt 26. Zinc reacts with dilute acid to produce H2 and Zn2+ but
Calculate the standard voltage for the reaction silver does not liberate hydrogen gas from an acid. This
information enables one to predict that which of the
2Al(s) + 3Cu2+ → 2Al3+ + 3Cu(s) following reactions has a positive emf ?
a. −1.22 Volts a. H2(g) + Zn2+ → 2H+ + Zn
b. +1.22 Volts b. 2 Ag + Zn2+ → 2Ag+ + Zn
c. +2.00 Volts c. 2 Ag+ + Zn → 2Ag + Zn2+
d. +2.30 Volts d. 2 Ag + 2H+ → H2(g) + 2 Ag+
e. +4.34 Volts e. 2 Ag+ + Zn2+ → 2Ag + Zn

23. Given the standard electrode (reduction) potentials:

27. If solid nickel metal were added to separate aqueous
Cd2+ + 2e- → Cd E° = −0.40 v
solutions each containing 1M concentrations of Ag +,
Ag+ + e- → Ag E° = +0.80 v Cd2+, Sn2+, and Ni2+ ions, which metals would plate out,
based on the given standard reaction potentials?
What would be the E° for a cadmium-silver cell?
Standard Reduction Potentials
a. 0.0 V
Ag+/Ag 0.799 V
b. 0.4 V 2+
Sn /Sn −0.141 V
c. 0.5 V 2+
Ni /Ni −0.236 V
d. 1.2 V 2+
Cd /Cd −0.400 V
e. 2.0 V
I. Ag
II. Sn
III. Ni
24. In the reaction IV. Cd
SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O
a. I only
a. sulfur is oxidized and hydrogen is reduced
b. IV only
b. sulfur is reduced and there is no oxidation
c. I and II only
c. sulfur is oxidized and there is no reduction
d. III and IV only
d. sulfur is reduced and hydrogen is oxidized
e. I, II, and III
e. sulfur is both reduced and oxidized
Practice MC Unit B (pg 5 of 8) Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry (Ch 4 & 20, sect 1−4)

28. What voltage will be produced by the electrochemical 30. Which of these ions is the best at being oxidized?
cell?
Standard Reduction Potentials, E°
Fe + e− → Fe2+
3+
+0.77 V
Cu + e− → Cu
2+ +
+0.15 V
a.
Fe3+
b. Fe2+
c.
Cu2+
d.
Cu+
e. None of them can act as reducing agents

Reduction Potentials
Pb2+ + 2e− → Pb −0.13 V
Al3+ + 3e− → Al −1.68 V 31. Use these reduction potentials to determine which one of
the reactions below is spontaneous.
a. +4.78 V
Reaction Reduction Potentials, E°
b. +1.55 V
Ag + e- → Ag
+
0.800 V
c. +1.81 V
Pb + 2e- → Pb
2+
- 0.126 V
d. +2.97 V
V + 2e- → V
2+
- 1.18 V
e. +1.29 V
I. V2+ + 2 Ag → V + 2 Ag+
II. V + Pb2+ → V2+ + Pb
III. 2 Ag+ + Pb2+→ 2 Ag + Pb
a. II only
29. Which statements below are true about the voltaic cell in b. III only
the previous problem. c. I and II only
I. electrons move right to left through the external d. II and III only
circuit
e. I, II, and III
II. the lead electrode will gain mass
III. the porous barrier maintains the charge balance
in both half-cells
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. II and III only
e. I, II, and III
Practice MC Unit B (pg 6 of 8) Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry (Ch 4 & 20, sect 1−4)

32. For this reaction, E°cell = 0.79 V.

6I− + Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 3I2 + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Given that the standard reduction potential for
Cr2O72− → 2Cr3+ is 1.33 V, what is E°red for I2(aq)?
a. +0.54 V
b. −0.54 V
c. +0.18 V
d. −0.18 V
e. +2.12 V

33. All of the following may get oxidized EXCEPT

a. NO2−
b. Na
c. Fe2+
d. MnO4−
e.
Br−

34. For this reaction,

KClO4 + H2O2 → KClO3 + O2 + H2O

Choose the true statement from the following list.
a. The Cl oxidation state is reduced form +8 to +6
b. This is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.
c. H2O2 caused reduction.
d. Hydrogen is reduced from +2 to +1
e. Potassium is reduced during the reaction
Practice Test Unit B (pg 7 of 8) ANSWERS
1. true or false?
a. F Gold is oxidized from 0 to 2+.
b. F Nitrogen is reduced from +5 to +2.
c. F Hydrogen’s oxidation state does not change, thus it is neither oxidized nor reduced.
d. F Actually it is 6 electrons transferred during this reaction.
2. a LEO says GER or OIL RIG The element that is reduced in this reaction is chromium, and the dichromate ion
contains this element.
3. e (+1) + (Mn) + (4 × −2) = 0, thus the Mn must be +7
4. e You can determine this by oxidation numbers, Cr is +6 on left and changes to +3 on the right, but twice thus 6e−
tranferred OR you can do it by balancing the charge with the correct number of electrons. As written, the charge on left
is (2−) + (14+) ≠ (6+), thus you need 6− more on the left, you can get that with 6 electrons.
5. b If a substance has a negative Eºreduction, then it will have a positive, and thus favorable, Eºoxidation.
6. b The easiest way to balance these electrons is by balancing the charge. 2− ≠ (2 × 2−), thus adding 2e− to the left side will
balance the charge. It is a bit trickier to try to use oxidation numbers since the S on the left has an oxidation number of
+2.5, and the oxidation number of +2. This is a change of oxidation state of +½, four times, thus 2 electrons !
7. c Remember “An Ox” and thus we are trying to pull out the oxidation half reaction. Looking at the oxidation numbers, you
can see that iron moves from an oxidation state of 0 to +3, which is oxidation.
8. a The standard hydrogen electrode has either oxidation or reduction occurring, depending on what other half reaction it is
paired with. H2 → 2H+ + 2e− OR 2H+ + 2e− → H2, and the first one listed is the oxidation.
2MnO4-
2.5mmol ´ = 1mmol
9. b Change to millimoles: 25 ml × 0.1 M = 2.5 mmol, then “stoich” over to permanganate. 5H 2O2 and
of course, 1 mmol is 0.001 mol
10. c This is one of those problems that you need to combine the Cl− ions together since the precipitate reaction is
Ag+ + Cl− → AgCl Calculate mole of NaCl: 1 L × 0.1 M = 0.1 mol of NaCl and NaCl gives us only one Cl − per NaCl.
But for the CaCl2, a “buy 1 get 2” substance, for 0.1 mol of CaCl2 we get 0.2 mole of Cl−. Thus we have a total of 0.3
mol of Cl− which will require 0.3 mol of Ag+ to precipitate out all of the Cl− from solution.
11. c This problem is very similar to the last, we need to combine the total moles of chloride ions, and then consider how
many lead ions would be needed to precipitate out the chloride ions.
Write a balanced net ionic equation. Pb2+ + 2 Cl− → PbCl2
Then calculate the total millimol of Cl−. For NaCl: 400 ml × 0.1 M = 40 mmol NaCl which is 40 mmol of Cl−
For AlCl3: 200 ml × 0.1 M = 20 mmol AlCl3 which is 60 mmol of Cl−
Add the total Cl− together to get 100 mmol of Cl− which when your “stoich” over to the lead ions required, you see that
you only need 50 mmol of Pb2+ which is of course 0.05 mol of Pb2+.
12. d For this problem, you must realize that barium ions and carbonate ions combine in a 1 to 1 ratio as shown by this net
ionic precipitation reaction: Ba2+ + CO32− → BaCO3 The question is indirectly telling you that the carbonate ion
limits, because they tell you that barium ions are left in solution. So lets calculate the amount of moles of each ion. For
carbonate: 20 ml × 0.2 M = 4 mmol CO32− and for barium ion: 30 ml × 0.3 M = 9 mmol Ba 2+. Since 4 mmol of CO32−
requires only 4 mmol of Ba2+ to go with it, thus there must be 5 mmol of Ba2+ left over, swimming in a TOTAL volume
of 50 ml, thus 0.1 M for left over Ba2+
13. a This may be the trickiest problem on the practice test, so buckle your seat belt. This problem is similar to #’s 10 and 11
because of the need to add together the nitrate ions. We want to make a solution that will be 1 M for nitrate ions. Since it
is 300 ml of solution, we will need 300 mmole of NO 3− ions to achive a 1 M solution.
Calculate the NO3− ions from the Fe(NO3)3 solution: 300 ml × 0.2 M = 60 mmol Fe(NO3)3, but this is a “buy 1 get 3”
substance, thus we actually have 180 mmol of NO3− ions. To make up our 300 mmol of NO3− ions, we will need 120
mmol more of NO3− ions. But wait, before you choose (b) there is one more twist. The source of the nitrate ions you are
dumping into this solution is Ba(NO3)2 and you can see that Ba(NO3)2 is a “buy 1 get 2” substance, so you only need 60
mmol of Ba(NO3)2 to provide the 120 mmol of NO3− ions required, and of course 60 mmol is 0.06 mol of Ba(NO3)2.
Whew!
14. b Flip the reduction reaction and the add Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (−0.15 V) + (+0.77 V ) = +0.62 V
15. c You can balance this by inspection by balancing the charge.
16. a The first reaction listed is an overall precipitation reaction, the second reaction listed is net ionic precipitation reaction,
and precipitation reactions are never redox reactions.
17. e (a) and (d) are acid base reactions and (b) and (c) are precipitation. None of these are redox reactions.
Practice Test Unit B (pg 8 of 8) ANSWERS
18. d Since we are looking for the reducing agent, remember that this means we are looking for the substance that contains the
element that is being oxidized. The sulfur changes from −2 on the left to 0 on the right, thus the sulfur is oxidized and the
Fe2S3 is the reducing agent.
19. e Mn changes from +7 to +2, and Br changes from −1 to 0, twice for 2e−, 2 Br − → Br2 thus we need to multiply the
bromine half reaction by 5 (and the manganese half reaction by 2 to balance the electrons transferred.
and 2×(2 Br− → Br2) will give us a coefficient of 10 on the bromide ion.
20. d Since we want to choose a spontaneous reaction, we must produce a + Eºcell . In (a) two reductions are occuring − not
possible, and in (c) two oxidations are occuring − not possible. In (b) when you flip the sign of the Eºreduction for Fe2+, you
will end up with a negative Eºcell. In (d) when you reverse the Cr3+ to the oxidation the
voltage is (+0.15) + (+0.74) = +Eºcell
21. a LEO says GER or OIL RIG
22. c Reverse the Al3+ reduction reaction and change the sign. Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (+1.66 V) + (+0.34 V ) = +2 V
23. d If we are making a cell, we would want the voltage to be positive. Remember you need a reduction half reaction AND an
oxidation half reaction. Flip the half reaction that will allow you to end up with a positive voltage. Thus flip the
Cadmium reduction half-reaction, and Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (+0.40 V) + (+0.80 V ) = +1.2 V
24. e Sulfur is +4 in SO2 and −2 in H2S and it gets both reduced and oxidized to the oxidation state of 0 in S on the product
side.
25. a We are looking for some particle that can increase and decrease its oxidation number. The choice is Fe 2+ which can be
oxidized to Fe3+ and reduced to Fe.
26. c The information in the question tell us that Zn can get oxidized by acid, and is “active” but the Ag is not oxidized by acid
and thus is “less active.” We are then looking for a reaction which would be spontaneous. This occurs when we allow the
more active Zn atoms oxidize to ions, and the less active silver atoms get reduced from Ag+ to Ag
27. c “Plate-out” is the process of metal sticking to the cathode, meaning which elements listed can reduce and “plate out”
while the nickel is getting oxidized. Since the oxidation of nickel has a voltage of +0.236 V, (opposite sign of the
reduction listed) only reductions that have a voltage of greater that −0.236 will result in a positve voltage, and thus occur.
28. b Reversing the aluminum half reaction will result in a positve voltage for the cell.
Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (+1.68 V) + (−0.13 V ) = +1.55 V
29. d Since the lead is being reduced in the previous problem, the electrons must be flowing toward the lead electrode, thsu left
to right. Since the lead is being reduced, lead will “plate” onto the lead electrode, and it will increase in mass. A pourous
barrier is the same as a salt bridge.
30. d Remember, a reducing agent is a substance that gets oxidized, thus in this problem, on ly the Cu + and Fe2+ can be
oxidized. While both oxidations will be negative, the Cu + is less negative and therefore better at being oxidized that the
Fe2+
31. a The first one listed results in a negative voltage Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (−0.8 V) + (−1.18 V ) = negative
The second one listed results in a positive voltage Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (+1.18 V) + (−0.126 V ) = positive
and the third one listed is two reductions − not possible
32. a Eºoxidation + Eºreduction = Eºcell. (x) + (1.33 V ) = 0.79 V Then solve for the x which is Eºoxidation, but there is a twist, the
question asks for the Eºreduction of I2, so we need to flip the sign of the Eºoxidation
33. d When looking for a reducing agent, you need a substance with an oxidation number that can get more positive. This is
not possible for the Mn in MnO4− because +7 is the highest possible oxidation state.
34. c The oxygen in H2O2 has an oxidation state of −1 and is oxidized to 0 and is thus a reducing agent. We know the oxygen
must be oxidized, not reduced to −2 in water because the Cl is reduced from +7 to +5. Some of the oxygens are −2 on the
left in the potassium perchlorate, and they remain −2 on the right in water.