Learner’s Activity Sheet

Science (Quarter III – Week 1)

Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section: _______________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Date: _____________________________
School: _________________________________________________________________________

Dear Learner,

Good day!
In this week, you will learn to describe the different types of volcanoes
and volcanic eruption. S9ES-IIIa-25

Specifically, you will learn the following to:

1. describe different types of volcanoes;
2. identify the type of volcano, its eruption and lava type; and
3. explain the process of a volcanic eruption.
In this lesson, taking good care of one’s body is being integrated.

Your Teacher

Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruption

Activity 1 Directions: Based on the picture, give at least five descriptions

or characteristics of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below. (5 points)

9
 Activity 2 Instructions: Answer the question briefly. (6 points)

1. What are the characteristics of volcanoes?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why it is important to learn the characteristics of a volcano?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Are all volcanic eruptions the same?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3 Instructions: Please practice your writing skills by copying this

on your notebook.

Famous for its “Perfect Cone”, the Mayon

Volcano is that the Philippines’ most active
volcano and therefore the most well-liked
tourist destination within the Bicol Region.
With a height of two, 463 meters, it's the
centerpiece of the Albay province, which is
about 300 kilometers southeast of Manila,
the capital of the Philippines.
Figure 1. Mayon Volcano

 Volcanoes are mountains but they're very different from other mountains,
they're not formed by folding and crumpling or by uplift and erosion.
 Volcanoes are built by the buildup of their own eruptive products -- lava,
bombs (crusted over ash flows, and tephra (airborne ash and dust).
 A volcano is most ordinarily a conical hill or mountain built around a vent
that connects with reservoirs of molten rock below the surface of the planet.
Volcanoes have several shapes, which are controlled by the composition of
the magma and therefore the nature if its eruption.

Geologists generally group volcanoes into four supported the character of

their eruption:

Cinder Cone Volcano

 It is also called as scoria cone. Is that the
simplest, most typical type, and features a
characteristic conoid.
 It forms when volcanic cinder, blobs of congealed
lava of basaltic composition, comes out from one
vent. its explosive eruptions caused by gas
rapidly expanding and escaping from the molten
lava that comes out sort of a fountain.
 The lava cools quickly and falls as cinders that
build up round the vent forming a round shape,
leaving a crater at the summit.

2
  These volcanoes will be as high as 100 to 400 meters, because the lava is
blown violently into the atmosphere, it breaks into small fragments, solidifies
and falls as a cinders round the vent.
 Lava Type: Less viscous, quite fluid basaltic lava (enriched in iron and
magnesium and depleted in silica.
 Examples: Paricutín in Mexico, Taal in Philippines as the lava is blown
violently into the atmosphere, it breaks into small fragments, solidifies and
falls as a cinders around the vent.

Composite Volcano
 Also observed as strato-volcanoes, it includes a
number of the world’s grandest mountains.
 A tall conical mountain composed of an
alternating layer of lava-flow, which justifies the
name composite volcano.
 It can have a cluster of vents, with lava breaking
through walls or issuing from fissures on the
perimeters of the mountain. The eruptions are
extremely explosive and dangerous.
 Pressure builds within the magma chamber as
gases under immense heat and pressure are
dissolved within the magma.
 When the magma reaches the vents, the
pressure is released, and also the gases explode
violently. These is up to 100 to 3500 meters
high.

Lava Type: Highly viscous rhyolitic lava that hardens before it can spread far (high
content of silica and low iron and magnesium contents).

Examples: Fujiyama, Mt. Mayon and Kanlaon in Philippines.

Shield Volcano
 Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloped
volcanoes that just about exclusively erupts
basaltic lava and include a number of the
biggest volcanoes within the world.
 It's built by many layers of low-viscous lava
flows. Figure 6. Diagram of a Shieldzzz
 The eruptions don't seem to be explosive;
the lava oozes out from the central vent or
a gaggle of vents and spreads far, building
a dome shape profile sort of a warrior’s
shield.
 They will be as high as 9000 meters from
the bottom.
 Lava Type: Less viscous, quite fluid
basaltic lava

Examples: The volcanoes within the Hawaiian

Island, including Kilauea, Diamond Head, Mauna Loa.

Lava Dome
 It is also referred to as volcanic dome.

3
  These are relatively small, circular mounds formed because the lava is
simply too viscous to flow, which makes it piles over and round the vents,
because the lava oozes out, its outer surface cools and hardens, then
shatters, spilling loose fragments down its side.
 Lava domes are found within the crater or on the edges of enormous
composite volcanoes.
 Their height depends on the dimensions of the composite volcanoes they
seem around.
 Lava Type: Highly viscous, less fluid rhyolitic lava

Examples: There are lava domes within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Chaitén
lava dome, Lassen Peak

Volcanic Eruptions
 caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas)
expelled onto the Earth's surface, we must first relate the characteristics of
magma with the volcanic eruption.
 includes the types of magma, gases in magmas, the temperature of magma,
and the viscosity of magma.

Types of magma

There are three general types of magma based on their chemical composition:
1. Basaltic magma -- SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na
2. Andesitic magma -- SiO2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K
3. Rhyolitic magma -- SiO2 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na

Gases in Magma

Deep within the earth, nearly all magmas contain gas dissolved in the liquid, but
the gas forms a separate vapor phase when pressure is decreased as magma rises
toward the surface of the Earth. Gas gives magmas their explosive character
because the volume of gas expands as pressure is reduced. The composition of the
gases in magma are:
• Mostly water vapor & some carbon dioxide
• Minor amounts of Sulfur, Chlorine, and Fluorine gases

The amount of gas in magma is related to the chemical composition of the magma.
Basaltic magmas usually have lower gas contents than rhyolitic magmas.

Temperature of Magmas

The temperature of magmas is exceedingly difficult to measure (due to the danger

involved), but laboratory measurement and limited field observation indicate that
the eruption temperature of various magmas is as follows:
• Basaltic magma - 1000 to 1200oC
• Andesitic magma - 800 to 1000oC
• Rhyolitic magma - 650 to 800oC.

Viscosity of Magma

Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). Viscosity depends primarily

on the composition of the magma, and temperature.

4
• Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have a higher viscosity than lower SiO 2
content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO2 concentration in the
magma).

• Lower temperature magmas have a higher viscosity than higher temperature

magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma).

Thus, basaltic magmas tend to be fairly fluid (low viscosity), but their viscosity is
still 10,000 to 100,000 times more viscous than water. Rhyolitic magmas tend to
have an even higher viscosity, ranging between 1 million and 100 million times
more viscous than water. (Note that solids, even though they appear solid have
viscosity, but it very high, measured as trillions of times the viscosity of water).
Viscosity is an important property in determining the eruptive behavior of magmas.

Process of Volcanic Eruption

Magma inside the volcano has a high temperature. As the magma is continuously
heated, it goes up. As it rises, gas bubbles are developed. The gas bubbles are
trapped and expand causing the molten material to swell also, resulting in a
gradual increase in pressure within the volcano. When the pressure exceeds the
strength of the overlying rock, fracturing occurs. The resulting breaks lead to a
further drop in confining pressure, which in turn causes even more gas bubbles to
form. Magma is ejected out as lava.

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

a. Phreatic or hydrothermal- An eruption driven by the heat from magma

interacting with water. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems,
surface runoff, a lake, or the sea. Phreatic eruptions pulverize surrounding rocks
and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.
b. Phreatomagmatic- An eruption resulting from the interaction of new magma or
lava with water and can be very explosive. The water can be from groundwater,
hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake, or the sea.

c. Strombolian and Hawaiian- These are the least violent types of explosive
eruptions. Hawaiian eruptions have fire fountains and lava flows, whereas
Strombolian eruptions have explosions causing a shower of lava fragments.
d. Vulcanian- are small to moderate explosive eruptions, lasting seconds to
minutes. Ash columns can be up to 20 km in height, and lava blocks and bombs
may be ejected from the vent.

5
e. Plinian-The most explosive and largest type of volcanic eruptions. Eruptions
with a high rate of magma discharge sustained for minutes to hours. They form a
tall, convective eruption column of a mixture of gas and rock particles and can
cause wide dispersion of ash. Plinian eruptions have 20 to 35 km tall columns
which may collapse to form pyroclastic density currents (PDC’s).

Activity 4.1 Instructions: Use the table below and choose your answer in
the box to describe the types of volcano and answer the guide
questions. (15 points)
4
Basis of Types of Volcano
Comparison Shield Volcano Cinder Volcano Composite Lava Volcano
Volcano
Eruption Gentle, lots of
Style magma, lava
fountain and
bombs
Magma Highly viscous

Gas Expands and

forms bubbles in
lava, high levels
Shape Hardened
thick layers of
rock
Example Mauna Loa,
Hawaii

6
Guide Questions:
1. Why do volcanoes have different shapes?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the most dangerous type of volcano and why?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the common shape of volcano in the Philippines?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Instructions: Complete the flow chart showing the arrangement of

Activity 4.2 the following events leading to a volcanic eruption. Write them on
the boxes provided. (10 points)
4
Process of Volcanic Eruption
 Heated magma goes up.
 Enhanced formation of bubbles.
 Magma is ejected out as lava.
 Magma is continuously heated below the earth’s surface.
 As magma rises, gas bubbles are developed pressure inside the volcano increases
due to trapped bubbles within it.
 When pressure exceeds the strength of overlying rocks, fracturing occurs
resulting in a further drop in pressure.

7
Note: You may refer to the table for the corresponding equivalent points.

No. of Correct Answers Equivalent Points

0 0
1-2 2
3 4
4 6
5 8
6 10

Instructions: Shown below are pictures of some of the volcanoes

Activity 5
found in the Philippines. Identify the type of volcano, its eruption
and lava type.(15 points)

Eruption Style:
______________________________________
______________________________________

Lava Type:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Mayon Volcano

8
 Eruption Style:
______________________________________
______________________________________

Lava Type:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Taal Volcano

Eruption Style:
______________________________________
______________________________________

Lava Type:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Kanlaon Volcano

Guide Questions:

1. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome?

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do volcanoes differ in size?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

References:

1. Most Essential Learning Competencies

2. Quarter – Module 2: Types of Volcano
First Edition, 2020 Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
3. Science – Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Types of Volcanic Eruption
First Edition, 2020 Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that my child has successfully done all the
activities included in this Learning Activity Sheet.

______________________________ ____________________
Name and Signature of the Parent Date