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RISE OF ONLINE SELLING AND SHOPPING OF APPAREL IN

PAGSANJAN DURING THIS COVID-19 PANDEMIC

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Humanities, Education and Social Sciences
Laguna Senior High School
Santa Cruz, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Subject of
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

ANDREW LUIS V. BABAAN

CHAREVNA KRISTINE R. TAIÑO
JEMMALYN DANTE
February 2021
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

COVID-19 has expanded request for eCommerce within the

Philippines. Whereas the more youthful populace was as of now open to

online shopping, the require for social distancing has pushed money centric

and confront to confront shopping culture towards a more computerized one,

and usually anticipated to proceed. What is lacking is appropriate

computerized and coordinations framework to genuinely empower a

computerized economy. There should be higher transfer speed capacity to

benefit the retail showcase.

The increment in online shopping and get to to online bank exchanges

is expanding installment within the Philippines. Sellers are turning to online

installment as a helpful buying strategy. Be that as it may, the security

concerns over stages and a cash-based society’s culture limits its adequacy.

Most Filipinos get to the web through their portable phones, giving

cost-effective and steady get to. Philippine and worldwide businesses offer

items and administrations through portable that has coordinate get to to

online customers. The Philippines is the quickest developing app showcase in

Southeast Asia.
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Moreover, the demand for online products and online shoppers begun

rising starting from the start of the spread of COVID-19. The demand for

“new-normal” shopping-selling scheme also engaged the people to buy online

from the comfort of their homes, also they helped the delivery man to support

their jobs.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the rise of online selling

and shopping of apparel in Pagsanjan during this COVID-19 Pandemic. The

researchers will find existing findings, to provide a general knowledge and

conclusion regarding the research problem presented.

Background of the Study

In many developed countries, the Internet has been adopted as an

important medium, offering a wide assortment of products with 24 hour

availability and wide area coverage. In some other countries, such as Iran,

however business-to-consumer electronic commerce has been much below

than anticipated proportion of total retail business due to its certain limitations

(Sylke, Belanger, and Comunale, 2002). Also, E-commerce has become an

irreplaceable marketing channel in business transactions. Online stores and

services are important sales channels in B2C transactions. Studying online

shopping behavior of consumers has been one of the most important

research agendas in e-commerce during the past decade (Chen, 2009). That

is hy online shopping became popular to the mass. By means of modern

technology and the internet, people learn to adopt what changes that
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happened in the area. According to (Dennis, 2017), online shopping has

become a major disruptor in the retail industry, which is as consumers we can

search for product information and place product orders across different

regions. In this new era, where the pandemic is present, Online Shopping and

Selling rise in the midst of it. Where it became more convenient for customers

to buy and sell online to provide the goods or services needed. It is a much

more effective and best alternative for workers who forcibly had to stop

working due to the threat of COVID-19.

COVID-19 started in the Philippines on February 1, a posthumous test

result from a 44-year-old Chinese man turned out positive for the virus,

making the Philippines the first country outside China to record a confirmed

death from the disease. After over a month without recording any cases, the

Philippines confirmed its first local transmission on March 7. Since then, the

virus has spread with at least one case being recorded in the country's 81

provinces (Wikipedia). Community quarantines and lockdowns have been

imposed to prevent further transmission, since March 15, yet until now the

number of cases increased. In a total of 435,413 in the Philippines and

64,508,175 all over the world. Malls and other places have been closed due

to the threat of the said virus. While consumers are raving about their needs.

Online Shopping rise due to the demand of the consumers, which

conveniently benefit them. Over the months, COVID-19 is not yet resolved,

health officials are still working for the vaccine needed in order to cure or

prevent the spread of it.

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Many businesses are affected due to the COVID outbreak, they had to

forcibly stop operating because of the threat they’re facing and to at least

follow the protocols given by the Government and other health officials.

According to (WHO, 2020) social distancing are a series of non-

pharmaceutical intervention measures intended to prevent the spread of

infectious diseases by maintaining the physical distance between one person

and another and reducing the number of people who have close contact with

each other. It brought a huge change to everyone’s lifestyle, the same goes

for the business, which caused drastic adjustments for them to overcome this

situation.

Online shopping is somehow the best alternative for shopping and selling

online. It gains more attention in today’s era, where everything became easier

for consumers, due to limited access and movement. Through it, we can save

more time and energy and even save ourselves from any risk that we might

get in shopping in physical stores. It serves as a big advantage for some

sellers online to promote their business and more likely to rise due to its

demand. However, the demand of consumers of having much easier

transaction with their daily needs was all resolved because the shops

contained in the online shop can continue to operate even though there is an

outbreak though, it's just that the buying and selling process is now carried

out by following the health protocol (Chan, 2020). Having that said, it has

much advantage and benefit to all of consumers as well as to sellers, while

we’re still facing a virus. The only thing that we should keep on mind is
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prioritizing our health first before any else and choose what’s safer for all of

us.

This study aims to study the rise of online selling and shopping of apparel

in Pagsanjan during this COVID-19 Pandemic

Statement of the Problem

As the pandemic hits the country, lives mostly of the Filipinos started to

be more difficult. In order to survive the day, most of the people enter the

world of e-Commerce to gain income over job loss and to overcome

difficulties brought by the pandemic.

Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the various ways of consumers when buying their clothes in

the midst of pandemic?

2. Is there a significant effect between internet connectivity and online

selling of clothes in the midst of COVID-19?

3. How COVID-19 contributes in the rise of online selling and shopping of

clothing during pandemic?

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Objectives

The purpose of this study is to determine the the rise of online selling

and shopping of apparel in Pagsanjan during this COVID-19 Pandemic.

Specifically, the study aimed:

1. To gain in-depth and exploration on the repercussion of converting

agricultural land to commercial establishments.

2. To stretch understandings the widespread effect of COVID-19 Pandemic

to the scheme of Online Selling and Online Shopping in the Philippines.

3. To distinguish the aspects that affects the online selling and online selling

during the spread of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Research Hypothesis

The hypothesis will be raised in the study sought:

Ho: There is no significant impact in the rise of online selling and shopping of

apparel in Pagsanjan during this COVID-19 Pandemic

Significance of the Study

The study focused on explaining the conversion of agricultural land to

commercial establishments that had an impact in to economic growth, social

aspects, and environment. Moreover, the results of the study will be beneficial

to the following:
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Online Shoppers. Through this study, online shopper will gain knowledge

about this will learn about how to empower more the shopping during this

type of health that might affect the commerce in the future.

Online Sellers. Through this study, sellers will know about the process of

e-commerce during this COVID-19 Pandemic.

Entrepreneurs. This study will be an eye-opener to the entrepreneurs that

the country needs more online sellers that will sustain the livelihood of many

in the country.

Community. The community is also a beneficiary in this study for they also

obtain information in the rise of online selling and shopping of apparel in

Pagsanjan during this COVID-19 Pandemic. They will be enlightened about

how it affect the community.

Government officials. Government officials may gain knowledge about the

rise of online selling and shopping of apparel in Pagsanjan during this

COVID-19 Pandemic They will also urge to pass a present bill according this

matter.

Students. This study is momentous to students that they will be responsive in

this matter. This study will encourage them to support online sellers in the

country and also this will help the delivery

Future researchers. This study may help future researchers in their future

studies inclined with the topic.

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Scope and Limitations

This study is limited to the 5 online sellers and 5 consumers that

started their online business in the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The

respondents selected must reside at Pagsanjan, Laguna and the result will

not be affected the entire population.

Definition of Terms

The important key terms in this study were defined carefully and

conceptually to avoid any interference and ensure clear understanding.

Online Shopping. The action or activity of buying goods or services via

internet.

E-Commerce. The act of buying and selling of goods and services over the

internet.

Pandemic. Epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing

international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies, which had

been reviewed and found relevant to the present investigation. Any review of

the published literature surrounding the land development process

necessitates a broad inter-disciplinary search, including a survey of

geography, land economics, planning, and sociological publications.

Related Literature

Coronavirus one of the deadly known viruses has already taken the

lives of many in almost half of the country, Hoque, A., Shikham F., Anwar M.,

et.al, (2020). This means that the economic development of the country has

been limited. It has nearly shaken up all sorts of industry on a global scale,

including the e-commerce business.

Categories of variables that drive online shopping behaviors were analyzed

by Chang, Cheung, and Lai (2005). In their analysis, they divided the features

into three broad categories. The first perceived features of the web sales

channel include risk, online shopping experiences, advantage, quality of

service, trust. A website and product functionality that reduce risk are the

second group.

In line with, according to Eri, Islam and Daud (2011) in the analysis of factors

influencing the purchase intention of customers on shopping on the web

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through net purchasing within the company, increased finding out across

Malaysia. For example, several elements include usefulness, ease of use,

compatibility, safety, protection, normative beliefs and attitude.

Also, according to Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2003), consumer buying

behavior is strongly related to cultural, social, personal and psychological

characteristics. Consumer buying behavior is influenced by an individual

lifestyle which combination of external factors and internal factors. The

external factors include demographic, economic, social, situational and

technology factors.

As stated by Bracci, et al, (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the

demand for goods and services worldwide. The combination of a public health

emergency, economic distress, and misinformation-driven panic have pushed

customers and vendors towards the shadow economy.

According to Himgiri Chaudhary, 2020. Panic buying also has seen and to

avoid this fear of COVID-19, people are giving preferences to the E-

Commerce sites to buy essential goods and some customers are new which

signed up to buy essential goods during this Pandemic Lockdown period.

Many customers are shifting their buying behavior from offline retail stores to

online stores. That being said, some consumers have to change their way of

purchasing goods and adapt to the ways in which they can be safe.

As reported by, Online shopping was increasing at a steady rate as platforms

became more user friendly, making it difficult to separately identify the

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increase in shopping due to COVID‐19 from longer term trends. We apply

panel data methods to real‐time business data to identify the effect of COVID‐

19 on the demand for online food shopping services. (Hung‐Hao, C.,

Meyerhoefer, C. 2020).

Also, confirmed the rising risk perceptions and social and economic fear

everywhere. However, the consumption and purchasing attitudes had

changed in the meanwhile. Most of the spending started to take place online

after the stockpiling phase and during temporary and permanent lockdowns.

Even in countries having moderate and lower income per capita, the internet

users started to shift to online shopping and these shopping experiences

incorporate some basic industry products like textiles and leisure tools as well

as consumer goods. Lust, J. (2020).

To conclude, The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown and social

distancing mandates have disrupted the consumer habits of buying as well as

shopping. Consumers are learning to improvise and learn new habits. For

example, consumers cannot go to the store, so the store comes to home.

While consumers go back to old habits, it is likely that they will be modified by

new regulations and procedures in the way consumers shop and buy

products and services. New habits will also emerge by technology advances,

changing demographics and innovative ways consumers have learned to

cope with blurring the work, leisure, and education boundaries. Jagdish Sheth

(2020).
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However, according to Alfonsius, G. (2002). Now e-commerce in this world

have a positive impact. Many stores close during coronavirus because the

government statement of many place for lock down and make people

quarantine by them self. Therefore, the e-commerce always helps people in

the critical condition.

Related Studies

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a type of

coronavirus. This disease results in a 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic.

People with COVID-19 can experience fever, dry cough, and difficulty

breathing, sore throat, runny nose, or sneezing is less common (Gorbalenya,

2020). COVID-19 is what all people face right now that leads people to

suffering. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Labor and

Employment is not discounting the risk that 10 million employees in the

country will lose their jobs this year. About 180,000 Filipinos lost their jobs in

the nation because of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic,

the Department of Labor and Employment said, due to the possibility of what

COVID-19 brings, many people lose their work.

If you come to a place full of crowds, and the crowded space and people are

very close to one another, then in the crowd there is someone who has been

infected, so it makes the chances of the spread of the virus among the crowd

even greater because you're physically closer to one another (WHO, 2020).

You don't have to battle the crowd in online shopping as you would if you
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went to a traditional store, thus mitigating the risk of a wider spread of the

corona virus.

Concerning various variables such as the advent of the Internet, day-by-day

taste, desire and choices differ. This growth, however, requires some more

understanding of the behavior of the customer. Consumer behavior research

identifies a general purchasing behavior model that explains the mechanisms

used by customers to make purchasing decisions (Vrender, 2016). Those

designs are important.

According to (Dennis, 2017) online shopping has become a major disruptor in

the retail industry, which is as consumers we can search for product

information and place product orders across different regions. This implies

that we do not need to participate in meaningful physical contact when

making online shopping transactions. The function that was originally created

by individuals so that shopping can be done quickly and efficiently, is now

also a solution when the COVID-19 outbreak happens.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift towards a more digital

world. The changes we make now will have lasting effects as the world

economy begins to recover,” said UNCTAD Secretary-General Mukhisa

Kituyi.

The variety of products sold on the e‐commerce platform also increased

during the pandemic, which suggests the concentration of sales on niche

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products could increase as more consumers are drawn to online platforms

Hung‐Hao, C., Meyerhoefer, C. (2020).

In line with, Kituyi, (2020) said by using the online shop, when we do not pick

a wide range of items in physical stores since certain stores have to close

during the pandemic, we can choose more item options. Online retailers will

have a greater number of goods and sizes and ensure that each size and

type of merchandise is digitally available.

Huseynov and Yıldırım (2014) stressed that the absence of physical contact

continues to be the critical impediment to online retail sales, accompanied by

the protection of individual data and the security of online financial

transactions. Demangeot and Broderick (2010) have revealed that perceived

ease of use does not affect the behaviour pattern.

Just as, the advantages of online shopping in the face of an outbreak of

COVID-19 do not stop there. One of the media that has the potential to

spread the virus during shopping transactions is paper money and coins that

are used as a means of payment. According to (Angelakis, Azhar, Bibi, 2014)

and (Demirci, Celepler, & Dincer, 2020). By using the online shop, when we

do not pick a wide range of items in physical stores since certain stores have

to close during the pandemic, we can choose more item options.

Conforming to, the result has been a spike in online purchases of some

products, as well as an increased demand for a wide range of digital services,

as many consumers resorted to online shopping – either internet enabled or

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by telephone. The world has encouraged online purchasing as an alternative

to physical shopping, and consumers have adapted their shopping patterns

and behavior to minimize risks of getting infected. Consumers then pay with

mobile money (i.e. by means of their mobile phones) and have their

purchases delivered by bicycle and motorcycle taxis known as tuku-tukus3

operated, for example, by Uber, Safe Boda, or other similar options. This

expansion of delivery services has had positive knock-on effects for increased

employment, even if these may be temporary World Trade Organization,

2020, said.

Synthesis

To sum up everything that is stated so far, that COVID-19 brought a

huge impact to online businesses. Consumers tend to shift from physical to

online shopping, from preventing the spread of the virus. Online Shopping

has increased the rate due to its convenience, safety, and less time

consuming. However, online shopping runs according to its mobility and how

it provides the consumer’s needs and wants. While it is Pandemic, online

shoppers and consumers remain at its steady rate, for it benefits consumers

and sellers in many ways.

Theoretical Framework

A fundamental goal for business is to develop means by which they

can perform better than their competitors (Troshani & Rao, 2007). In the world
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of online business, it is all about the hard work of an online seller for the

benefit and comfort of their online sellers. This was give and take process.

Where sellers will find business owners where they will have their goods and

through the use of online platforms like Facebook and other social networking

sites where you can post your selling items, online shoppers are more

engage browsing up and down in their phone screen than walking a mile for a

thing like a window shopping. Because according to them, in online shopping,

all details are written, from dimensions and sizes, available colors and brand,

quantity can be avail and type of delivery of goods – all of these are done in

the comforts of their homes.

Below is this study’s theoretical framework explaining the process of

online shopping.

Online Shops
Manufacturers
Owners

Online Shopping
Platforms

(Shopee, Lazada,
facebook, Instagram)

Online Resellers Online Shoppers

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Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Online Shopping and

COVID-19 Pandemic
Online Selling Process

Figure 2: Conceptual Framework of the study

This figure shows that COVID-19 Pandemic and other natural actions

affect the process of E-Commerce. Because online shopping brings their

goods using door-to-door delivery, the process of delivering goods was

affected by the pandemic since the community quarantine limits the passes of

the vehicles inside a certain area.

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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology to be used in securing the data

needed for the research study. It deals with the kind of research methods

selected be the researchers to be used and the process to be undertaken in

the course of the study. This includes the research design, sample and

sampling techniques, research local, population, instrumentation, research

procedure, and validation.

The researchers will be giving a consent letter to the respondents in

order for us to get their permission to conduct an interview and give our

questionnaires. The researchers will be interviewing and giving

questionnaires to gather the information needed from the respondents, where

they will be answering 10 questions. The researchers will also help the

respondents to understand the following questions in order for the

researchers to have the best answers from the respondents. After they

finished answering, the researcher will collect the questionnaires. Next is the

recording of the answers from the respondents, this will be verbatim response

of the respondents. The recorded answers will be used in the presentation of

data. After recording the data, the data analysis will be presented, where the

common answers and themes favorable for the research questions are

presented. The data analysis will be using coding for the respondents

identification purposes and their privacy. And lastly, the presentation of data
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will involve the use of matrix and collating, where the common questions

answering the statement of the problem’s questions are presented.

Research Design

This research is quantitative in nature and will use the non-

experimental research design specifically the survey research. The purpose

of this design is to collect, verify, and synthesize evidence from the past to

establish facts that defend or refute a hypothesis. It uses secondary sources

and a variety of primary documentary evidence, such as, diaries, official

records, reports, archives, and non-textual information [maps, pictures, audio

and visual recordings]. The limitation is that the sources must be both

authentic and valid.

Sample and Sampling Techniques

This research was conducted using the probability sampling method.

This sampling provides an equal chance of participation in the selection

process given to every member listed in the sampling frame.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Barangay Maulawin, Pinagsanjan and

San Isidro. The researchers will select 10 individuals; 5 online sellers and 5

online shoppers that live in selected location.

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Population

The researchers’ respondents are the 10 individuals; 5 online sellers

and 5 online shoppers from Pagsanjan, Laguna to conduct the study. A

population is the complete group of persons, animals, or objects that possess

the same characteristics that are of the researcher’s interest, in which the

research sample will be taken from.

Research Instrument

The researchers’ made questionnaire and online interview, was used

to gather information from respondents being interviewed. Specifically sought

and benefit the researchers’ to find the answer and solution on research

problem and research questions. Questionnaires are particularly useful for

getting the data behind the participant’s experiences. The interviewers/

researchers can pursue in-depth information around the topic. Interviews and

questionnaires may be useful as follow-up to certain respondents to

questionnaires.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers’ distributed the online questionnaires and conduct an

online interview to find out. The procedure will help the researchers’ in

conducting the study for them to be able to identify the effect of COVID-19

Pandemic to online shopping and online selling process.