Micros

Introductory
Microbiology Microscopy PreLab
The purpose of the PreLab is to encourage students to read the exercise before coming to lab,
thereby increasing students’ understanding and facilitating the flow of lab activities.
1. Each student is assigned a numbered microscope. That specific microscope must be used every
time by that student.
a. True b. False
2. Each individual student must read and complete a Student Microscope Checklist each time a
microscope is used.
a. True b. False
3. Label the microscope parts below.
Ocular piece
(eye lens)
Knurled locking
screw
Nose piece
Objective lens
Stage Clipn
Stage
Diaphragm
Fine
Adjustment
Brightness Adjustment
Stage Controls
Name: ORTEZA, Klenn Mae P. Course and Year: Bs Biology 1B
Lab 1 Microscopy
I. Purpose: To familiarize the student with the care and use of the light microscope.
II. Performance objectives: At the end of this exercise the student should be able to:
1. Define resolving power, field of view, depth of field (focus), working distance
2. Name the parts of the microscope describe the function of each.
3. Calculate the total magnification of a lens system if the power of the ocular and
objective lens is given.
4. Answer the questions at the end of the lab exercise.

1. . Draw a microscope and label the parts and give their function
The Functions of a Microscope
Eyepiece Lens - also called ocular lens. This is the lens at the top that you look through, usually 10x
or 15x power.
Diopter Adjustment – Useful as a means to change focus on one eyepiece so as to correct for any
difference in vision between on your two eyes.
On/Off Switch – This switch on the base of the microscope turns the illuminator off and on.
Nose piece – also known as the revolving turret. It holds the objective lenses. It is movable hence it
cal revolve the objective lenses depending on the magnification power of the lens.
Stage and Stage Clips: The flat platform where you place your slides/specimen. Stage clips hold the
slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around
by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down.
Diaphragm – it is also known as the iris. It is found under the stage of the microscope and its
primary role is to control the light that reaches the specimen. It is an adjustable apparatus, hence
controlling the light intensity and the size of the beam of light that gets to the specimen.
Coarse focus – It brings the specimen into general focus.
Fine focus – Fine tune the focus and increases the detail of specimen.
Objective lenses – One of the most important parts of a compound microscope, as they are the
lenses closest to the specimen.
Condenser – Gathers and focuses light from the illuminator onto the specimen being viewed.
Base – The base supports the microscope and it is where illuminator is located.
Light source – This provides the light that is needed to view the specimen.
2. Draw letter e in its normal reading position and as seen under LPO
“e” in its normal reading position “e” in LPO position
Study Guide Questions:
1. What is a microscope?
- An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or
animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times. It is used to see
small things that cannot be seen by naked eyes.
2. What are the two kinds of microscope? Differentiate one from the other.cal Microscope –
is used to study living
- Light Optical Microscope – is used to study living cells and commonly uses visible
light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects.
- Electron Microscope – is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of
biological and non-biological specimens. It is a microscope that uses a beam of
accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.
3. What are the two main parts of the microscope?
- The two main parts of the microscope are, eyepiece lenses and objective lenses.
4. What is the lens system of a compound light microscope composed of? Differentiate one
from the other.
- The compound microscope has two systems of lenses for greater magnification:
Ocular or the eyepiece
5. Explain the difference between magnification and resolving power.
- Magnification is the factor by which an image appears to be enlarged. It will be a
whole number greater than 1 and is usually followed by an ‘x’, as a 10X
magnification.
- Resolving power is the ability of a lens to show two adjacent objects as discrete.
Resolving power is a property of a lens.
6. Explain the importance of the microscope in the study of biology specifically zoology.
- The microscope is important because biology mainly deals with the study of cells
(and their contents), genes, and all organisms. Without the microscope, biology
would not have been so developed and many diseases would still have no cure.
7. The Table below shows the different low power and high-power capacity of microscopes.
Compute for the magnification capacity of all those microscopes. Show your computation
below?
Ocular magnification Objective magnification Total magnification
10X 10X 100x
10X 40X 400x

12X 60X 720x
10X 80X 800x
10X 100X 1000x
8. List two instances when the coarse adjustment knob is never used.
- Never use the coarse adjustment knob when focusing with the high-power of oil
immersion objectives in place as this can damage the objective or the slide.
- Never use coarse adjustment knob when viewing 10X and 40X.
9. Why is immersion oil used with the 100X objective?

- However, once you use the 100x objective lens, the light refraction when using a dry
lens is noticeable. By placing a substance such as immersion oil with a refractive
index equal to that of the glass slide in the space filled with air, more light is directed
through the objective and a clearer image is observed.
10. When should the lenses be cleaned? What is the correct way to clean them?
- The lenses should be cleaned when the specimen becomes blurry. The correct way to
clean is to wipe the lens paper soaked with lens cleaner and wipe dry the lens with
paper afterwards. Then repeat.
11. List three common problems associated with using the microscope and how you would go
about solving it.
- Loss of lens coating. This is due to improper use of cleaning materials that might
remove the coatings. Make sure that you know how to clean your microscope with
the proper way and proper material.
- Magnification changes require manual calibration. In solution, automatic
magnification recognition eliminates calibration errors.
- Alignment of the optics in a microscope is a common cause of eye fatigue for scope
users. Don’t try to correct any alignment problems with your equipment. Ask
professional to do proper way to fix it.

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Introductory

Microbiology Microscopy PreLab

3. Label the microscope parts below.

2. Name the parts of the microscope describe the function of each.

4. Answer the questions at the end of the lab exercise.

The Functions of a Microscope

Coarse focus – It brings the specimen into general focus.

Study Guide Questions:

Ocular magnification Objective magnification Total magnification

10X 10X 100x

10X 40X 400x

10X 80X 800x

10X 100X 1000x

9. Why is immersion oil used with the 100X objective?

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