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    Sec - 2 Notes Part 2

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    Fatma
    Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. There are several devices that can measure pressure, including barometers, manometers, and piezoelectric transducers. Barometers measure atmospheric pressure using a mercury column, where the pressure is related to the density of mercury and the height of the column. Manometers use differential pressure measurements by measuring the height of fluid columns in a U-tube, and can be used with single or multiple fluids. Piezoelectric transducers generate an electric potential when subjected to mechanical pressure.

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    Sec - 2 Notes Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Fatma
    97 views5 pages
    Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. There are several devices that can measure pressure, including barometers, manometers, and piezoelectric transducers. Barometers measure atmospheric pressure using a mercury column, where the pressure is related to the density of mercury and the height of the column. Manometers use differential pressure measurements by measuring the height of fluid columns in a U-tube, and can be used with single or multiple fluids. Piezoelectric transducers generate an electric potential when subjected to mechanical pressure.

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    Pressure

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    Sec_2 notes part 2

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    Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. There are several devices that can measure pressure, including barometers, manometers, and piezoelectric transducers. Barometers measure atmospheric pressure using a mercury column, where the pressure is related to the density of mercury and the height of the column. Manometers use differential pressure measurements by measuring the height of fluid columns in a U-tube, and can be used with single or multiple fluids. Piezoelectric transducers generate an electric potential when subjected to mechanical pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    97 views5 pages

    Sec - 2 Notes Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Fatma
    Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. There are several devices that can measure pressure, including barometers, manometers, and piezoelectric transducers. Barometers measure atmospheric pressure using a mercury column, where the pressure is related to the density of mercury and the height of the column. Manometers use differential pressure measurements by measuring the height of fluid columns in a U-tube, and can be used with single or multiple fluids. Piezoelectric transducers generate an electric potential when subjected to mechanical pressure.

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    Chapter (3)

    Pressure

    1) Pressure:
    -Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area.

    EXAMPLE 3–1 A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 5.8 psi at a


    location where the atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. Determine the
    absolute pressure in the chamber.

    2) Variation of Pressure with Depth

    1
    3) Pressure measurement devices

    The Barometer
    Atmospheric pressure is measured by a device called a barometer

    where r is the density of mercury, g is the local gravitational acceleration, and h is the height of the mercury column above the
    free surface.

    EXAMPLE 3–2 Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the


    barometric reading is 740 mm Hg and the gravitational acceleration is g 5
    9.805 m/s2. Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10°C, at which its
    density is 13,570 kg/m3.

    EXAMPLE 3–3 Intravenous infusions usually are driven by gravity by hanging


    the fluid bottle at sufficient height to counteract the blood pressure in the
    vein and to force the fluid into the body (Fig. 3–15). The higher the bottle
    is raised, the higher the flow rate of the fluid will be. (a) If it is observed

    2
    that the fluid and the blood pressures balance each other when the bottle is
    1.2 m above the arm level, determine the gage pressure of the blood. (b) If
    the gage pressure of the fluid at the arm level needs to be 20 kPa for
    sufficient flow rate, determine how high the bottle must be placed. Take
    the density of the fluid to be 1020 kg/m3.

    The Manometer
    Manometer consists of a glass or plastic U-tube containing one or more
    fluids such as mercury, water, alcohol, or oil. Manometer concept is fluid
    column can be used to measure pressure differences.

    3
    EXAMPLE 3–5 A manometer is used to measure the pressure of a gas in a tank.
    The fluid used has a specific gravity of 0.85, and the manometer column
    height is 55 cm, as shown in Fig. 3–20. If the local atmospheric pressure is
    96 kPa, determine the absolute pressure within the tank.

    For Multi-fluid Manometer

    EXAMPLE 3–6 The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is
    measured by a multi-fluid manometer as shown in Fig. 3–23. The tank is
    located on a mountain at an altitude of 1400 m where the atmospheric
    pressure is 85.6 kPa. Determine the air pressure in the tank if h1 0.1 m, h2
    0.2 m, and h3 0.35 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be
    1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.

    Piezoelectric transducers
    Also called solid-state pressure transducers, work on the principle that an
    electric potential is generated in a crystalline
    4
    substance when it is subjected to mechanical pressure.

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