INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO “HUAQUILLAS”

CARRERA DE TECNOLOGÍA SUPERIOR EN REDES Y

Primer Semestre mayo 2022– octubre 2022

Fecha: Martes 30/08/2022 Asignatura: Technical English

Nombre: Maylin Brito, Álvaro Gálvez Curso: Tercero

Class Activity: Answer Review Questions

Review Questions

Work in pairs.

1. Enumerates five components of a data communications system.

1). Source

2).- Transmitter

3).-Transmission médium

4).-Receive

5).-Destination

2. Define key element of protocol.

The key elements of a protocol are syntax, semantics, and timing.

Syntax: The term syntax refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order

in which they are presented.

particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that

interpretation.

Timing: The term timing refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how

fast they can be sent.

3. Define two types of standards.

Data communication standards fall into two categories: de facto (meaning "by fact" or

"by convention") and de jure (meaning "by law" or "by regulation").

• De facto: standards are often established originally by manufacturers who seek to

define the functionality of a new product or technology.

• De jure: Those standards that have been legislated by an officially recognized

body are de jure standards.

4. Describe the role of the following standards creation committee. 46

i. International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

The ISO is a multinational body whose membership is drawn mainly from the standards

creation committees of various governments throughout the world.

The ISO is active in developing cooperation in the realms of scientific, technological,

and economic activity.

ii. International Telecommunication Union

By the early 1970s, a number of countries were defining national standards for

telecommunications, but there was still little international compatibility. The United
Nations responded by forming, as part of its International Telecommunication Union

(ITU), a committee, the Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy and

Telephony (CCITT). This committee was devoted to the research and establishment of

standards for telecommunications in general and for phone and data systems in particular.

iii. American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Despite its name, the American National Standards Institute is a completely private,

nonprofit corporation not affiliated with the U.S. federal government.

iv. iv. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is the largest professional

engineering society in the world. International in scope, it aims to advance theory,

creativity, and product quality in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, and

radio as well as in all related branches of engineering.

1) What are the three criteria necessary for an effective and efficient

network?

The most important criteria are performance, reliability and security. Performance of the

network depends on number of users, type of transmission medium, the capabilities of

the connected h/w and the efficiency of the s/w.

Reliability is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from

the failure and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe. Security issues include

protecting data from unauthorized Access and viruses.

2) Categorize the four basic topologies in terms of line configuration.

There are four basic network topologies - bus, ring, mesh and star.
 3) Name the four basic network topologies, and cite an advantage of each

type.

• Bus Topology

Cable length required for this topology is the least compared to other networks.

• Ring Topology

Also in ring topology all the traffic flows in only one direction at very high

speed.

Each computer has equal access to resources.

• Star Topology

Easy to connect new nodes or devices. In star topology new nodes can be added

easily without affecting the rest of the network. Similarly, components can also

be easily removed.

• Mesh Topology

Expansion and modification in topology can be done without disrupting other

nodes.

4) For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a

mesh, ring, bus, and star topology?

El número de enlaces para cada uno de los siguientes tipos de red es:

a. Malla: n (n – 1) / 2

b. Estrella: n
c. Anillo: n

d. Bus: un cable que actúa como red troncal (backbone) and n líneas de conexión (drop

lines) que conectan el dispositivo al cable principal.

5) What are some of the factors that determine whether a communication

system is a LAN or WAN?

Geographical area spanned by a network determines whether it is a LAN or a WAN. A

LAN, or Local Area Network, spans a relatively smaller area, whereas a WAN, or Wide

Area Network, covers a much larger area. Also, WAN have a higher propagation delay

than LANs because of the large distance to be covered.

6) Assuming you get a job as a network engineer in a multinational company that

has five (5) regional station that must be interconnected with others for smooth

operation of the organization. The company is about to network the regional offices

together. Each physical link must allow communication in both directions. Use the

knowledge acquired in this course to advice the management of the company based

on the following:

a) Recommend the most suitable Network topology for the organization.

The best cabled network topology for large businesses is the star topology. This is because

it is easier to control from a central console as the management software just needs to

communicate with the switch to get full traffic management features. A hybrid topology

is sometimes encountered as a temporary solution to connect together departments while

a new unified system is being planned.

A star topology is a topology where every node in the network is connected to one central

switch. Every device in the network is directly connected to the switch and indirectly

connected to every other node. The relationship between these elements is that the central

network hub is a server and other devices are treated as clients. The central node has the

responsibility of managing data transmissions across the whole network and acts as a

repeater. With star topologies, computers are connected with a coaxial cable, twisted pair,

or optical fiber cable.

c) Illustrate the explanation in (b) with a diagram to show the interconnectivity of

the five (5) regional offices.

network topology.

• Easy to connect new nodes or devices. In star topology new nodes can be

added easily without affecting rest of the network. Similarly components can also

be removed easily.

• Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network.

• Failure of one node or link doesn‟t affect the rest of network. At the same

time it is easy to detect the failure and troubleshoot it.

• Star topologies are most commonly-used because you can manage the

entire network from one location: the central switch.