Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fully Automated Solar Grass Cutter using IoT

Y.B.N.V.Bhaskar 1, T.Sabitha2, P.Sahithi3, T.Ramya4, U. Dhanya Sri5, P. Praseeda6
(Assistant professor 1, ECE Students2,3,4,5,6)
ELECTRONICS and Communication Engineering,
Sir C.R. Reddy College of Engineering

Abstract:- The use of renewable energy resources has

been increasing day by day, such as solar power. It leads
to a growing interest in developing new systems which
make use of it. One such system is the fully automated
solar grass cutter, it uses solar energy to power itself and
store solar energy in a battery in the form of electrical
energy.It can also be controlled remotely by using the
internet of things (IoT) or controlled automatically when
connected to a power supply. The overall system
efficiency is 94.37% and the existing model has 54%
efficiency. This projectuses several components such as
the Arduino Uno, Node MCU, ultrasonic sensor, motor
drivers, solar plates, and DC motors. The IOT mode uses
the ThingSpeak cloud application. Thisdevice is designed
to automatically detect the obstacle and cut grass in a
lawn while being powered by solar energy.The maximum
Fig. 1: Grass Cutter
efficiency during clear weather, of the charge controller
is98% at maximum solar voltage, while the maximum II. LITERATURE SURVEY
efficiency of charge control during cloudy weather
conditions is about 70%. "Development of an Automated Lawn Mower with
Obstacle Avoidance Using Arduino Microcontroller and
Keywords:- Arduino UNO,Node MCU, Ultrasonic Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor" by K. C. Chua, et al. (2018): This study
Solar Plates, DC Motors, DC Motor Driver, Blades, presents the development of an automated lawn mower
Battery. using an ultrasonic sensor and Arduino microcontroller. The
system uses the same components as our project and
I. INTRODUCTION
incorporates obstacle avoidance.
Maintaining a neat and clean lawn can be a
"Smart Lawn Mower System using IoT and Machine
challenging task, particularly for large areas like parks,
Learning Techniques" by D. K. Kim, et al. (2021): This
hospitals, etc. [15][16]Grass can grow quickly, and regular
maintenance is necessary to keep it fresh and looking good. study proposes a smart lawn mower system that uses IoT
and machine learning techniques. The system uses a camera
Using traditional ways such as electrical grass cutters and
and sensors to detect grass and obstacles andcan be
gasoline grass cutters. These cutters require more time and a
lot of human effort. Gasoline grass cutter produces pollution controlled remotely. This study provides insights into how
and electrical grass cutter requires a large number of wires machine learning can be incorporated into the fully
automated solar grass cutter project.
connected to the socket. To solve this problem, we have
designed a fully automated solar grass cutter using "Design of an Automated Grass Cutter Robot with
IoT[14][17]. Bluetooth Connectivity" by A. M. A. Hanan and R. Ahmed
(2020): This study presents the development of an
The system is powered by solar plates that convert
automated grass cutter robot using Bluetooth connectivity.
sunlight i.e., solar energy[3][4][6] into electrical energy,
The system uses ultrasonic sensors and DC motors to
which is then stored in batteries. These batteries [20]power
the DC motors that control the movement of the grass cutter. navigate and cut grass. This study provides insights into how
The system can be controlled automatically by connecting to different connectivity options can be used in the fully
the power supply and it can be controlled remotely[19] automated solar grass cutter project.
using the Internet of things (IoT). The IoT mode makes use "IoT-Based Solar-Powered Smart Agriculture System
of the ThingSpeak cloud application[21], which allows the for Sustainable Crop Cultivation" by B. S. Singh and S. K.
user to monitor and control the grass cutter from anywhere Singh (2020): This study presents the development of an
in the world. IoT-based solar-powered smart agriculture system that can
be used for crop cultivation. The system uses IoT sensors
and solar panels for monitoring and controlling the
agricultural environment. This study provides insights into
the use of IoT in agriculture and how it can be incorporated
into the fully automated solar grass cutter project.

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Overall, the literature survey highlights the importance based on the project requirements and included the Arduino
of using renewable energy sources, such as solar power, and Uno, Node MCU, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, solar
IoT connectivity in developing automated grass-cutting panel, DC motor, battery, and IoT application Thingspeak
systems. The studies provide valuable insights into the use cloud. The software code was developed using the Arduino
of ultrasonic sensors, machine learning, and different IDE and enabled the system to perform its intended function
connectivity options in developing these systems. The fully of cutting grass automatically. The hardware was assembled
automated solar grass cutter project can benefit from these by connecting the various components as per the system
insights to further optimize and improve its design. architecture designand tested to verify that allcomponents
were functioning as intended. The system was integrated
III. METHODOLOGY with the IoT application Thingspeak cloud, to enable remote
monitoring and control of the grass cutter. The system was
The development process involved designing the then optimized by identifying areas for improvement and
system architecture, developing software code, assembling making necessary adjustments. Finally, the system was
the hardware, testing the system, integrating with the IoT deployed in the intended location, and end-users were
application, optimizing the system, and deploying it in the provided with training on how to use and maintain it.
intended location. The system architecture was designed

A. Block Diagram

Fig. 2: Block diagram

B. Flow Chart

Fig. 3: Flow chart

C. Thingspeak Application and allows users to create custom dashboards and alerts.
ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) ThingSpeak also supports integration with other IoT
application and cloud platform that enables users to collect platforms and services, allowing users to build end-to-end
and store sensor data in the cloud, analyze and visualize that IoT solutions. Some common applications of ThingSpeak
data, and create IoT applications. ThingSpeak supports a include environmental monitoring, smart agriculture,
large range of IoT devices and protocols. The platform industrial automation, and home automation.
provides tools for real-time data analytics and visualization

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 4: Thingspeak cloud

Fig. 5: IOT app

IV. HARDWARE COMPONENTS by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. The Arduino
UNO board has several parts i.e. analog pins, digital pins,
A. Arduino UNO ICSP pin, voltage regulator, USB port, power LED
The Arduino UNO is an open source microcontroller indicator. This is programmed using IDE, which means
board based on integrated development environment.
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed

Fig. 6: Arduino UNO

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
B. L293D Motor Driver direction. According to this, a single L293D IC can run two
L293d IC, a motor controller, is a semiconductor. It uses DC motors.
very little power to function, like other ICs. The other ICs
could accomplish the same functions as L293d, but they are Technical specification:
powerless to drive the motor. L293d provides a steady, Dimensions – 44x37 mm
reversible direct current to the Motor. Using this standard Supply Voltage: 4.5V to 36V
motor driver or motor driver IC, two DC motors are Output Current: 600mA per channel
controlled in either direction. The two DC motors are Protection Diodes: Included
controlled simultaneously by the 16-pin IC L293D in any Control Pins: 4
Output Pins: 2 per channel

Fig. 7: L293D Motor Driver

C. Node MCU  Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16

NodeMCU is an open-source Lua-based firmware  Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
and development board specially targeted for IoT-based  UARTs: 1
Applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266  SPIs: 1
Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware that is  I2Cs: 1
based on the ESP-12 module.  Flash Memory: 4 MB
Technical Specification:  SRAM: 64 KB
 Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa  Clock Speed: 80 MHz
LX106  USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard,
 Operating Voltage: 3.3V Enabling Plug n Play.
 Input Voltage: 7-12V

Fig. 8: Node MCU

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect a target object's distance and then it turns the sound
that is reflected back into an electrical signal.It uses a formula to calculate the distance between the target object and the sensor D
= 1/2 T x C

.
Fig. 9: Ultrasonic Sensor

E. Solar Panel
The solar panel is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy and that is stored in a battery. The entire process is
known as photovoltaic effect.

Fig. 10: Solar Panel

F. DC Motor
A DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In a DC motor, the input electrical
energy is the direct current which is transformed into mechanical rotation.

Fig. 11: DC Motor

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. RESULTS with them. The motor drivers were able to control the speed
and direction of the grass cutter efficiently. The system was
The system was successfully implemented and tested. able to send real-time data to the ThingSpeak cloud and the
The solar panel was able to harvest sufficient solar energy to user was able to monitor and control the system remotely
power the motors. The ultrasonic sensor was able to detect using the IoT application.
obstacles accurately and stop the grass cutter from colliding

Fig. 12: Front view of grass cutter

Fig. 13: Top view of grass cutter

Table 1: Comparison Between Existing & Present Models

CONVENTIONAL GRASS CUTTER AUTOMATED SOLAR GRASS CUTTER
Efficiency=54% Efficiency=94%
Cause more pollution Cause less pollution
More effort Less effort
High maintenance required Low maintenance required
Remote control not available Remote control available
More noise Less noise
Less efficient More efficient

The time required to charge the battery from the 5-watt Hence the charging time is almost equal to 3.12 hours
solar panel is for complete charging i.e. 100% of the battery.
Wattage hour of battery = Amp hour*Total voltage
Wattage hour of battery = 1.3*12 Width of the vehicle: 0.34 meters
Wattage hour of battery = 15.6Whr For 1 minute it moves: 3 meters
Time required for charging = wattage hour of Total area occupy = width x length m2
battery/panel wattage = 0.34x3 m2 =1.02 m2
Time required for charging = 15.6Whr/5W For one hour area occupy = 60x1.02=61.2 m2
Time required for charging = 3.12 hr

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 14: graph of the solar panel running for 1 year

VI. CONCLUSION [4.] Tushar Baingane1, Sweta Nagrale2, Suraksha

Gumgaonkar3, Girish Langade4, Shaila Ramteke5
The fully automated solar grass cutter using IoT Prof.V.M.Dhumal6, “Review on Fully Automated
components is an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution to Solar Grass Cutter”, International Research Journal of
reduce human effort in grass cutting. The system uses solar Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume 5,
energy to power the motors, making it sustainable and cost- Issue 2, Feb 2018.
effective. The ultrasonic sensor and motor drivers enable the [5.] Bidgar Pravin Dilip1 , Nikhil Bapu Pagar2 , Vickey
system to detect obstacles and control the speed and S. Ugale3 , Sandip Wani4 , Prof. Sharmila M.5,
direction of the grass cutter efficiently. The system is “Design and Implementation of Automatic Solar
connected to the Thing Speak cloud, which provides real- Grass Cutter”, International Journal of Advanced
time data monitoring and analysis. The user can control and Research in Electrical, Electronics and
remotely monitor the cutter using the IoT application. This Instrumentation Engineering Volume 6, Issue 4, April
system has the potential to revolutionize the lawn and 2017.
garden maintenance industry by reducing human effort and [6.] Ms. Yogita D. Ambekar1, Mr. Abhishek U.Ghate2
increasing efficiency. This cutter is highly efficient and the “SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER”, International
moment of the mower is changed by the user by giving Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
instructions through mobile phones. Therefore equipment (IJEEE) Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2017.
can be protected from damage, by not hitting any obstacle [7.] Mrs. Melba D’Souza Ms. Vaidhavi B. Naik Ms.
and reduces the risk to humans. Hence this grass cutter can Rucha V Bicholkar, “Automatic Solar Grass Cutter”,
reduce the cost-effectiveness and it is easy to maintain. IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology
Future work includes the development of a mobile & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 12 | June 2017.
application that allows for more advanced control of the [8.] “RF Controlled Metal and Deleterious Gas Detecting
system and the integration of more sensors for more ROVER” Dr.Mallikarjun Mudda, Dr. Thangadurai
accurate data collection. N, World Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology, 4 (1), 221-229, 2017.
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