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Dogra (9876486598) {Asym-1}

ASYMPTOTES

Rectangular Asymptotes: If an Asymptote of any curve is either parallel to x-
axis or parallel to y-axis then it is called rectangular Asymptote.

An Asymptote parallel to x-axis is called horizontal asymptote and
Asymptote parallel to y-axis is called vertical Asymptote.

Oblique Asymptote: It an Asymptote of any curve is neither parallel to x-axis
nor parallel to y-axis then it is called oblique Asymptote.
It is of the form ( ) mx y
x
c
x
y
x
m Where c mx y

=

= + = lim & lim ,
Or
( )
( ) 1 '
lower & power high in m , 1
+
= = =
m
m
c y x
n
|
|


Q1. Find the vertical asymptotes of the following:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) i
x x
x
x f

=
2 1
2

Sol: Put D(x) = 0 or ( ) ( ) 2 & 1 0 1 2
2
= = = x x x x are two vertical
asymptotes.

Q2. Find the asymptotes of the following:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 5 7 1 2
2 2 2

+
=
+
=
x
x x x
x f ii
x
x x
x f i

Sol: (i) For vertical asymptotes Put ( ) 0 . 0 = = x e i x D is the vertical
Asymptotes.

For Horizontal Asymptotes:


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, :
1 2
1 .
1 2
2
2 2
finite
x
x x
x
Lt
x
x x
Lt
x x
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
+

so there is no
Horizontal Asymptote.

For Oblique Asymptotes:
. 1
1 2
1
1 2
2 2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
+
= =

x
x
Lt
x
x x
Lt
x
y
Lt m
x x x

( ) 2
1 2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
= =

x
x
x x
Lt mx y Lt c
x x

asymptote oblique is 2 y , Therefore + = x .

Q3. Find all the asymptotes of the curve:
0 1 2 2 2 3 7 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3
= + + + + + + y x x y xy x xy y x y ----- (i)

Sol: (i) For asymptotes // to x axis, put coeff. Of highest degree term of

x =0 i.e. 2 = 0, which is not possible , so no asym. // to x-axis.

(ii) For asymptotes // to the y-axis, put coefficient of highest degree

(iii) term of y = 0 i.e. 1=0 , which is not possible , so on asymptote // to
y-axis.

(iv) For Oblique Asymptotes :

terms ree rd in m y x Put deg 3 & 1 = =
( ) 2 2
2 3
3
+ = m m m m |
( ) 2 3 7
2
2
+ + = m m m |
( ) ( ) 0 , 4 1 3 '
3
2
3
= = m Put m m m | |
( ) ( ) 0 2 1 2 0 2 2 .
2 2 3
= = + m m m or m m m e i
( ) ( ) 2 , 1 , 1 0 2 1
2
= = m m m or


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2
2
2
3
7 3 2
....................... 2
3 1 4
'
m m m
c
m m
m

( ) 1 c get we 2 in 2 m Put = =

. asymptote oblique an ia 1 1 Therefore x- y =
( ) asymptote oblique 2 , 2 get we 2 1 Put = = = x y so c in m
( ) asymptote oblique an also is 2 0 , get we 2 2 Put x y So c in m = = =

When value of m is repeated then for finding c we use
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ' . ' '
! 2
1 2 3
2
= + + m m c m
c
| | |

Q4. Find all the asymptote of the curve
( ) 1 ....... .......... 0 1 2 4 2
2 2 3 2 2 3
= + + + + + + y x xy y x y xy y x x

Sol: For asymptotes // to the x-axis. Put coeff. of 0 1 . . 0
3
= = e i x which is not
possible . So no asymptote is // to x-axis.
For asymptotes // to the y-axis. Put coeff. of 0 1 . . 0
3
= = e i y which is not
possible. So no asymptote is // to y-axis.

For oblique Asymptote.

( ) ( ) m m m m m m m 2 4 2 , 1
2
2
3 2
3
+ = + = | |
( ) ( ) 0 , 1
3 1
= + = m Put m m | |
0 1 .
3 2
= + m m m e i
( ) ( ) 0 1 1
2
= m m or
1 , 1 , 1 = m or
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 8 ' , 6 2 ' ' , 3 2 1 '
2 3
2
3
+ = + = + = x m m m m m m | | |

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( )
( )
( ) 2 ....... ..........
3 2 1
2 4 2
'
2
2
3
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
= =
m m
m m
m
m
c
|
|


( ) . asymp is 1 , Therefore 1 2 1 When + = = = x y c from m
( ) 0 / 0 2 1 = = c get we from m When
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 '
1
' '
! 2
1 2 3
2
= + + m m
c
m
c
use we So | | |

( ) ( ) 0 1 2 8 . 6 2
2
2
= + + + + + m m c m
c

( ) ( ) 0 2 6 2 0 2 6 . 4
2
, 1
2
2
= + = + + = c c or c
c
m Put
.
2
5 3
. 1
2
5 3
Ans x y or c or

+ =

=

Q5. Find all the asymptotes of:
( ) 1 0 3 18 12 2 9 21 17 3
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
= + + + y a x a ay axy ax y xy y x x

Sol: No asymptotes // to x axis and y axis.

For oblique asymptotes:
( ) ( )
2
3
3 2
3
27 42 17 ' , 9 21 17 3 m m m m m m m + = + + = | |
( ) ( )
2
2 3
18 12 2 , 54 42 ' ' am am a m m m = = | |
( ) am a m 36 12 '
2
= |
( ) ( ) 2 0 3 17 21 9 0
2 3
3
= = m m m m Put |
........ ,......... 3 , 2 , 1 : method Inspection By = m put
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 3 3 17 9 21 27 9 2 3 = = get we in m Put
0 = 0 which is ture.
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We use synthetic division to find other two roots.

3 9 -21 -17 -3

0 27 18 3

9 6 1 0
Other two roots are given by :
3
1
,
3
1
0 1 6
2

= = + + m or m m
3 ,
3
1
,
3
1
m Therefore

=
( )
( )
c of vaule for Try m
a c m
m m
am am a
m
m
c
3
1
When
2 , 3 when
27 42 17
18 12 2
'
2
2
3
2

=
= =
+

= =
|
|


Q6. Find all asymptotes of the curve: ( ) 0
2 2 2 2 2
= + y x a y x from the sides
of the square.
Sol: For asymptotes // to x-axis, put coeff. of 0 . 0
2 2 2
= = a y e i x
a y = . For asymptotes // to y-axis , put 0 y of coeff.
2
= i.e
0
2 2
= a x or a x = . Therefore, the asymptotes form the sides of the
square.



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Q7. Find eq. of hyperbola having 0 2 & 0 1 = + = + y x y x as its asymptotes
& passing through the origin.
Sol: Joint eq. of asymptotes is ( ) ( ) i y x y x .... .......... 0 2 1 ( = + +
For Hyperbola: The eqs. Differ by a constant . equation of hyperbola
differs from that of its constt. Only.
Eq. of Hyperbola is: ( ) ( ) ( ) ii y x y x ...... .......... 0 2 2 1 = + + +
(ii) passes through (0 , 0) , therefore , -2+k = 0 or k = 2
from (ii) ( ) ( ) 0 2 2 1 = + + + y x y x

Q8. Find the equation of the cubic which has the same asymptotes as the curve:
( ) i y x y y x y x x ..... .......... 0 1 6 11 6
3 2 2 3
= + + + + and which passes
through the pts. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0
Sol: Hint: If 0
1 3
= + F F form then
3
F = 0 is equation of asymptotes.
Asymptotes of (i) are 0 3 and 0 2 , 0 = = = y x y x y x
The equation of cubic having these asymptotes is of the form:
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ii c by ax y x y x y x = + + + 0 3 2
It passes through ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 gives a = -1 , b = 6 , c = 0
Put in (ii) we get 0 6 6 11 9
3 2 2 3
= + + y x y xy y x x

Q9. Find the asymptotes of the curve:
( ) i y x y xy y y x y x x ... .......... 0 5 4 7 14 2 7 2 3
2 3 2 2 3
= + + + + +
Show that asymptotes meet the curve again at three pts. Which lie on a
line? Find the equation of the line.

www.mathematicsondemand.com Prof. O.P. Dogra (9876486598) {Asym-7}
Sol: Coefficient of highest power of y is 2. which is constant
there is no asymptote parallel to y-axis.

Putting x = 1 m y = m in (i) , we get
( ) ( )
2
2
3 2
3
7 14 , 2 7 2 3 m m m m m m m + = + + = | |
( )
2
3
6 14 2 ' m m m + = |
( ) 0 3 2 7 2 0
2 3
3
= + + = m m m m |
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 2 3 1 = + m m m

2
1
, 3 , 1 = m

( )
( ) 6
7
6 14 2
7 14
'
, 1 When
3
2
=
+
+
= = =
m
m
c m
|
|


( )
( ) 2
3
54 42 2
63 42
'
, 3
3
2
=
+
+
= = =
m
m
c m When
|
|


( )
( ) 6
5
4
6
7 2
4
7
7
'
,
2
1
3
2
=
+ +
+
= =
m
m
c m When
|
|

asymptote of the given curve are

6
5
2
1
,
2
3
3 ,
6
7
= = = x y x y x

i.e. 0 3 2 6 , 0 7 6 6 = = y x y x 0 5 6 3 = + + y x . Since the degree of (i)
is n= 3 , therefore , the no. of the pts. of intersection is = n (n-2)
Here the no. of pts. of intersection = 3 (3-2) = 3

Now to find the eq. of the line.

Multiply all the equation of asymptotes,. We get:
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 5 6 3 3 2 6 7 6 6 = + + y x y x y x

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0 105 286 237 252 504 72 252 72 108 .
2 3 2 2
= + + + + + y x y xy y xy y x x e i
Divide by 36 , so that the coeff. of
3
x in (i) becomes same:
( ) ii y x y xy y xy y x x = + + + + + 0
36
105
36
286
36
237
7 14 2 7 2 3
2 3 2 2 3

( ) ( ) line a is Which
36
105
y
36
106
x
36
381
: gives ii i =
Q10. Show that 0 = + + a y x is the only asymptote of the curve
0 . 3
3 3
= + xy a y x
Sol: The equation of given curve is 0 . 3
3 3
= + xy a y x
The coefficient of highest power of x in (i) is 1. Which is constant.
given curve has no asymptote parallel to x-axis.
The coefficient of highest power of y in (i) is 1. Which is constant .
given curve has no asymptote parallel to y-axis.
Now putting x = 1 , y = m in (i) , we have
( ) ( )
2
3
3
3
3 ' 1 m m m m = + = | |
( ) m a m 3
2
= |
( ) 0 1 0
3
3
= + = m m Now |
( ) ( ) 0 1 1
2
= + + + m m m

2
3 1
, 1
2
3 1
, 1
i
m

=

=

1
1 is of value real only
=

m
m

by given is c of value ing correspond The
( ) ( ) 0 '
2 3
= + m m c | |
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( ) | | ( ) | | 0 1 3 1 3
2
= + a c
a c =
a x y s = i asymptote ing correspond
0 = + + a y x or
0 . asymptote one only has curve Given = + + a y x

Q11. Find the asymptotes of the curve
( ) i y x y xy y x y x = + + + 0
2 2 2
and show that they cut
the curve again at three pts. which lie on the line 0 = + y x

Q12. Show that asymptotes of the cubic curve
0 1 2 2
2 3
= + y x xy xy x cut the curve in at most three point which
lies on the line 0 1 3 = y x

Sol: The equation of given curve is 0 1 2 2
2 3
= + y x xy xy x
Coefficient of highest power of y is x
asymptote parallel to y-axis is
x= 0 or x = 0
The equation (i) can be written as ( ) ( ) 0 1 2 2 = + + y x xy y x y x x
The asymptote parallel to x y = 0 is given by
( )
( )
0
1 2 2
=
+
+
=

+
y x x
y x xy
x y
x
Lt y x

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( )
( )
0
1 2
2
=
+
+

+
x x x
x x
x
Lt y x
( ) 0
2
1 2
2
2
=
+

+
x
x x
x
Lt y x
( ) 0
2
1 1
2
2
2
=
+

+
x
x
x
Lt y x
( ) 0
2
0 0 2
=
+
+ y x
. asymptote second the is 0 1= y x
The asymptote parallel to x+y = 0 is given by
( )
( )
0
1 2 2
=

+
=

+ +
y x x
y x xy
x y
x
Lt y x
( )
( )
0
1 2 2
=
+
+

+ +
x x x
y x xy
x
Lt y x
( ) 0
2
1 3 2
2
2
=
+

+ +
x
x x
x
Lt y x
( ) 0
2
1 1
3 2
2
=
+

+ +
x
x
x
Lt y x


0
2
0 0 2
=
+
+ + y x or
0 1= + + y x is the third asymptote

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The joint equation is the asymptotes is ( ) ( ) 0 1 1 = + + y x y x x
0 2
2 3
= x xy xy x or ------------------------------(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i) we get 3x-y-1=0 , which is a straight line.

Q1. Find all asymptotes of the curve:
0 1 2 3 2 5 4 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4
= + + + + + + y xy x y xy y x x y xy y x x
Sol: The equation of given curve is
0 1 2 3 2 5 4 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4
= + + + + + + y xy x y xy y x x y xy y x x
Equate to zero coefficient of asymptote horizontal No 0 1 . .
4
= e i x
Equate to zero coefficient of asymptote vertical No 0 1 . .
4
= e i y
To find oblique asymptote
Put x = 1 , y = m in 4
th
degree term.
( )
4 3
4
2 2 1 m m m m + = |
term degree 1st , degree nd 2 , degree 3rd in m y , 1 x Put = =
( )
3 2
3
2 5 4 1 m m m m + = |
( )
2
2
2 3 1 m m m + = |
( ) 0 1 2 2 0
3 4
4
= + = m m m m Put |





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By repeated use of Horners Method














Required equation is m+1 = 0 or m = -1

m = 1 , 1 , 1 , -1

( ) ( )
3 2
3 2
3
4 6 2
2 5 4 1
m m
m m m m
c
+
+
= =
|



2 6 4
2 5 4 1
2 3
3 2
+
+
=
m m
m m m
c


2
3
8
12
, 1

=

= = c m for
0 3 2 2
2
3
is Asymptote = + + = + = x y x y or c mx y
{ } roots equal three 1 , 1 , 1 = m for


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 2
' '
3
! 2
2
' ' '
4
! 3
3
= + + + m m c m
c
m
c
| | | |

1 1 -2 0 2 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 0
1 0 -1
1 1 0 -1 0
1 1
1 1 0
1 1
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( ) ( ) ( )
1 m put
0 4 3 12 10
2
2
24 12
6
3
=
= + + + m c m
c
m
c

( ) ( ) 0 2
2
2
12
6
3
= + + c
c c




| | 0 1 2
2
= + c c c

4
3 1
0

= = c and c

2
1
, 1 , 0 = c
Asymptotes Corresponding to m = 1 are c mx y + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1 , 1 1 , 0 1 + = = + = x y x y x y

2
1
, , + = = = x y x y x y

0 1 2 2 , 0 1 , 0 , 0 3 2 2 = + = = = + +

y x y x y x y x
are Asymptotes