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    Polynomials Division of Polynomials By: A. Long Division B. Synthetic Division

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    Here are the steps to determine if a given expression is a polynomial or not: 1. A polynomial is an expression that contains variables raised to non-negative integer powers and coefficients that are real numbers. 2. Check if the expression contains variables raised only to non-negative integer powers. If it contains variables raised to fractional or negative powers, it is not a polynomial. 3. Check if the coefficients are real numbers. If it contains coefficients that are not real numbers (like irrational numbers, fractions, variables etc.), it is not a polynomial. 4. The expression can contain operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication but not division. If it contains division, it is a rational expression and not a polynomial.

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    Polynomials Division of Polynomials By: A. Long Division B. Synthetic Division

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    407 views27 pages
    Here are the steps to determine if a given expression is a polynomial or not: 1. A polynomial is an expression that contains variables raised to non-negative integer powers and coefficients that are real numbers. 2. Check if the expression contains variables raised only to non-negative integer powers. If it contains variables raised to fractional or negative powers, it is not a polynomial. 3. Check if the coefficients are real numbers. If it contains coefficients that are not real numbers (like irrational numbers, fractions, variables etc.), it is not a polynomial. 4. The expression can contain operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication but not division. If it contains division, it is a rational expression and not a polynomial.

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    Here are the steps to determine if a given expression is a polynomial or not: 1. A polynomial is an expression that contains variables raised to non-negative integer powers and coefficients that are real numbers. 2. Check if the expression contains variables raised only to non-negative integer powers. If it contains variables raised to fractional or negative powers, it is not a polynomial. 3. Check if the coefficients are real numbers. If it contains coefficients that are not real numbers (like irrational numbers, fractions, variables etc.), it is not a polynomial. 4. The expression can contain operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication but not division. If it contains division, it is a rational expression and not a polynomial.

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    407 views27 pages

    Polynomials Division of Polynomials By: A. Long Division B. Synthetic Division

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    Here are the steps to determine if a given expression is a polynomial or not: 1. A polynomial is an expression that contains variables raised to non-negative integer powers and coefficients that are real numbers. 2. Check if the expression contains variables raised only to non-negative integer powers. If it contains variables raised to fractional or negative powers, it is not a polynomial. 3. Check if the coefficients are real numbers. If it contains coefficients that are not real numbers (like irrational numbers, fractions, variables etc.), it is not a polynomial. 4. The expression can contain operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication but not division. If it contains division, it is a rational expression and not a polynomial.

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    Polynomials

    Division of Polynomials by:


    a. Long Division
    b. Synthetic Division
    Objectives
    At the end of the learning session, the student
    is expected to:
    ➢ identify and illustrate polynomial
    ➢ determine the degree, leading coefficient and constant
    term of a polynomial
    ➢ perform division of polynomials using long division
    ➢ divide polynomials by a binomial using synthetic
    division
    Polynomials
    Polynomial
     is an expression of the form
    𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + . . . + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0
    where n is a nonnegative integer and 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛−1 , 𝑎𝑛−2 , . . . , 𝑎2 , 𝑎1 ,
    𝑎0 are real numbers.
    Polynomials Not Polynomials

    10x⁷ - 5x⁴ + 9x² - 6 10x¯⁷ - 5x⁴ + 9x² - 6


    2x³ - 5 ⅓
    2x - 5
    7 ( 7x⁰ )
    3x 3 𝑥
    𝞹
    𝞹x
    𝑥
    Polynomials or Not
    1. 2x² - 9x⁴ + 7x – 3 Polynomial
    2. 5x⁶ + 7x - 9x² Polynomial
    3. 3x⁷ - 5x⁻⁴ + 8x + 6 NOT
    4. -⅔x³ +10x - 9x² + 8x⁵ +7x⁴ + 1 Polynomial
    5. -5 𝑥⁵ - 2 𝑥³ NOT
    6. 8x ⅔ + 2x ⅜ NOT
    7.
    5
    - x +
    9 Polynomial
    6 4
    (𝑥+7)³(2𝑥 −1)²
    8. NOT
    𝑥 −3
    Polynomials in Standard Form
     A polynomial is said to be in standard form if the exponents of the
    variable are in descending order.
     The degree of the polynomial is the highest exponent, its leading
    coefficient is the numerical coefficient of the term with the highest
    exponent and its constant term is the number without the variable or
    the numerical coefficient of the term with x⁰.
     Example 1: x⁴ + 2x² + 7x – 3 is a polynomial in standard form with 4
    terms.
    Leading term: x⁴
    Degree : 4
    Leading coefficient : 1
    Constant term: -3
    Example 2:
    -⅔x³ +10x - 9x² + 8x⁵ +7x⁴ + 1
    Standard Form: 8x⁵ +7x⁴ -⅔x³ - 9x² +10x + 1
    Number of terms: 6
    Leading term: 8x⁵
    Degree : 5
    Leading coefficient : 8
    Constant term: 1
    Division of
    Polynomials
    by Long Method
    (Algorithm Method)
    Review : Divide 31 655 by 14
    Steps:
    2 261 1. Write the dividend and the divisor to its
    corresponding places.
    14 31 655 2. Divide 31 by 14 which is equal to 2.
    – 28 3. Multiply the quotient 2 to the divisor 14. Write
    the answer below the dividend that you divide.
    4. Subtract then bring down the next number.
    – 36 5. Divide the new number by the divisor. (Write
    28 the answer to the corresponding place for the
    quotient)
    85 6. Multiply the quotient to the divisor. Write the
    – 84 product below the dividend)
    7. Subtract then bring down the next number.
    15 (Repeat steps number 5,6,7)
    – 14 8. Continue the process until you get a number
    which you can no longer divided by the divisor.
    This number is called the REMAINDER.
    1
    𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟓 𝟏
    (31655/14 ) = 2 261 R. 1 = 2261 +
    𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒
    Divide (9x4 – 7x2 – 10x + 9 ) by (3x -1) Steps:
    1. Write the dividend ( insert zero(0) for any missing
    term) and the divisor to their corresponding places.
    2. Divide the first term of the dividend (9x⁴) by the
    3x3+ x2 – 2x – 4 first term of the divisor 3x which is equal to 3x³.
    (Write the quotient above the division sign or to the
    3x – 1 9x4 + 0x³– 7x2 – 10x + 9 quotient’s place.)
    – 9x4 - 3x3 3. Multiply the quotient 3x³ to the divisor
    (3x-1). Write the answer below the dividend
    4. Subtract the product from the dividend then bring
    3x3 – 7x2 down the next term.
    – 3x3 – x2 5. Divide the first term of the new dividend (3x³) by
    the divisor (3x) which is equal to x².
    (Write the quotient above the division sign or to the
    – 6x2 – 10x quotient’s place.)
    – 6. Multiply the quotient to the divisor . Write the
    – 6x2 + 2x answer below the new dividend.
    7. Subtract the product from the dividend then bring
    – 12x + 9 down the next term.
    – – 12x + 4 8. Divide again the new dividend by the divisor.
    (Repeat 5,6, and 7)
    9. Continue the process until the exponent of the new
    𝟓 5 dividend is lower than the exponent of the divisor. The
    3x³+x²- 2x- 4 + term that can no longer be divided is called the
    𝟑𝒙 −𝟏 REMAINDER.
    Divide (3x³ + 4x2 + 8 ) by (x + 2)

    3x2 – 2x + 4
    x + 2 3x³ + 4x2 + 0x + 8
    – 3x3 + 6 x2
    – 2x 2 + 0x
    –
    – 2x2 – 4x
    4x + 8
    – 4x + 8
    0
    Take Note:

    Always arrange the dividend and the divisor


    to its standard form before performing the
    division of polynomials by Algorithm or
    long division.
    Division of Polynomials
    using
    Synthetic Division
    Synthetic Division is a shorter procedure to
    divide a polynomial by another polynomial
    Divide (3x³ + 4x2 + 8 ) by (x + 2)

    3x2 – 2x + 4
    x + 2 3x³ + 4x2 + 0x + 8
    – 3x3 + 6 x2
    – 2x 2 + 0x
    –
    – 2x2 – 4x
    4x + 8
    – 4x + 8
    0
    Use synthetic division to divide
    (3x³ + 4x² + 8) by (x +2)
    Step 1: 3x³ + 4x² + 0x + 8x⁰
    Arrange the coefficients of the dividend 3 4 0 8
    in descending powers of x, placing
    zero (0) for any missing term.
    Step 2:
    Place the value of r in the upper left -2 3 4 0 8
    corner. ( Or to get r,
    simply drop x
    In this example then change
    x–r=x+2 the sign of the
    = x – (–2), so r = –2. constant)
    Step 3:
    The leading coefficient of P(x) becomes -2 3 4 0 8
    the first entry of the third row. (Bring
    down the first term of P(x) ).
    3
    Step 4:
    Multiply the first number on the third
    row by r. Write the product on the
    -2 3 4 0 8
    next column on the second row then
    add the two numbers. -6
    3 -2
    In this example, 3 (-2) = - 6
    4 + (-6 ) = - 2
    Step 5: Repeat the procedure described in
    Step 3 until the last number in the third row
    is obtained. -2 3 4 0 8
    In this example, -2(-2) = 4.
    0+4=4 -6 4 -8
    then, 4(-2) = 8 3 -2 4 0
    8+(-8) =0
    Step 6: Write the quotient Q(x) and the
    remainder R.
    Note that the degree of Q(x) is one less than Q(x)= 3x² -2x + 4
    the degree of P(x).The entries in the third row
    give the coefficients of Q(x) and the last R(x) = 0
    number is the remainder R.
    Compare the process in Algorithm Method and Synthetic Division

    Divide (3x³ + 4x2 + 8 ) by (x + 2)


    Divide (x⁴ - 18x² + 10 ) by (x - 4)
    The dividend is in standard
    4 1 0 -18 0 10 form but the terms with x³ and
    x are missing so insert zero(0)
    4 16 -8 -32 for these terms.
    1 4 -2 -8 -22
    Quotient : x³ + 4x² - 2x - 8 Remainder: -22
    The quotient and remainder can be written as
    −22
    x³ + 4x² -2x - 8 +
    𝑥−4

    P(x) 𝑅(𝑥)
    since = Q(x) + 𝐷(𝑥) .
    D(x)
    (6x⁵ – x⁴ – 14x³ – 11x² + 15x + 2) ÷ (2x – 3)
    3
    Observe that the divisor is not in the form (x-r). Note that 2x-3 = 2( x - 2 ). Therefore
    3
    the problem can be restated as (6x⁵ – x⁴ – 14x³ – 11x² + 15x + 2) ÷ 2( x - 2 ). Thus, we
    3
    use synthetic division first to divide (6x⁵ – x⁴ – 14x³ – 11x² + 15x + 2) by (x - 2 ) then
    divide the result by 2.
    3
    6 -1 -14 -11 15 2
    2
    9 12 -3 -21 -9
    6 8 -2 -14 -6 -7
    −7
    Now divide the result (6x⁴ +8x³-2x² -14x -6 + 3 ) by 2.
    𝑥−2
    −7
    Therefore, the final answer is 3x⁴+4x³-x²-7x -3 + 2𝑥 −3.
    Determine if the given is polynomial or not. If the given is
    a polynomial, write it in standard form then identify the
    number of terms, the degree, the leading coefficient and
    the constant term. If it is not, write NOT.
    1. 7x² - x⁴ + 4x – 1
    2. 3x⁶ - 5x⁴ + 8x³ - 5x⁷ + 3 - 9x²
    3. 2x ⅓ − 7x ⅜ + 4
    3 3
    4. x³ +10x - 9x² + x⁵ +7x⁴
    8 5
    5. 5 𝑥⁵ + 3x⁴- 2 𝑥³ + 2x - 12
    Divide the first polynomial by the second
    polynomial .
    1. 2x² +5x³ +x⁴ +7x +30 ; x+ 2
    2. 6x⁵ -5x⁴- 32x³ + 21x² + 5x + 8 ; 2x – 3
    3. 10x² +2x⁴+ 8 +7x³ ; 2x² + x -1
    Find the quotient and remainder when the polynomial
    is divided by the binomial
    1. (3x³ + x² – 22x – 25) ; (x – 2)
    2. (2x³+ x⁴ – 40) ; (x + 3)
    3. (2x⁴– 9x³ + 9x² + 5x – 1) ; (2x + 1)
    4. (6x³ – 5x² + 4x + 3) ; (3x – 1)
    5. (2x⁴ + 5x³ + 3x² + 8x + 12) ; (2x + 3)
    Thank you!
    Mathematics 10
    October 18- 22, 2021
    Q1W6
    Polynomials
    and
    Division of Polynomials

    The learner performs division of polynomials


    using long division and synthetic division.
    M10AL- Ig-1

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