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GCSE/iGCSE Maths Formulae Sheet
2D Shapes Compound Measures Right Angled Trigonometry
! Speed speed=
'*)J&+/F Pythagoras !! + # ! = % !
Area of Triangle x base x height J*HF if given hyp⟹subtract, if finding hyp⟹add
" H&))
Density density= "## &'( "##
Area of Parallelogram base x height E"QIHF SOHCAHTOA sin * ° = , c./ *° = , 1!2 *° =
Pressure R"N/F $%# $%# &'(
Area of Rectangle !×# pressure=
&NF&
!
Area of Trapezoid (sum of parallel sides) x height
"
Circumference & Area: % = 2(), + = () "
Circle Exact Trig Values
Length of an arc #
× 2()
$%&
Area of a Sector #
× () "
$%&
Non Right-Angled Trigonometry
3D Shapes
Statistics Sine Rule Finding a side:
&
=
-
=
/
Cuboid Surface area !" = 2%& + 2%( + 2&( RNFSIF+/% )*+, )*+. )*+0
Frequency Density Frequency density = 123 , 123 . 123 0
where x, y , z are side lengths /Q&)) T*'J$ Finding an angle:
&
=
-
=
/
Cuboid Volume ) = %&( Cosine Rule Finding a side: !! = #! + % ! − 2#% cos <
-!6/ !4&!
where x, y , z are side lengths Finding an angle: < = cos 45 = >
!-/
Cylinder Surface Area !" = 2*+ℎ + 2*+ ! Area of Triangle 1
Note: Curved part: 2πrh /&JFD"N% RNFSIF+/% !#/@2A
Pie chart Angle= × 360 2
J"J&Q & - /
Cylinder Volume ) = *+ ! ℎ Sine Rule Finding a side: = =
Cumulative frequency This is a running total of the frequencies )*+, )*+. )*+0
Cone Surface Area !" = *+1 + *+ ! Box Plot Finding an angle:
&
=
-
=
/
)*+, )*+. )*+0
Note: Curved part: *+1, 1 is slant length
1 Circle Theorems
Cone Volume ) = *+ ! ℎ
3 Angle at the centre is double the angle at the circumference
Sphere Surface Area !" = 4*+ !
Note: Hemisphere 3*+ !
Sphere Volume 4
5 = *+ < Fractions/Decimals/Percentages
3
!
Note: Hemisphere= *+ < Simplifying Fractions Step 1: Find a factor of both numbers i.e. a
<
) =Area of cross section x height number that fits in both the numerator AND
Prism Volume
5 denominator
Pyramid Volume ) = × 789: 8+:8 × ℎ Angles subtended in the same Angle in a semicircle is a right
< Step 2: Say how many times for each
segment by a chord are equal angle
Indices Step 3: Check whether you can do steps 1
Multiplication , ' × , ( = , ')( and 2 again.
&
(, ' )( = , '( Fraction Of Amount of amount
-
(%, ' / ( )+ = % + , '+ / (+ Step 1: Divide amount by b
Division ,' Step 2: Multiply answer found by 8
, ' ÷ , ( = ( = , ',( Improper to Mixed Step 1: Divide the numerator by the
,
Negative Powers 1 denominator.
, ,- = - Step 2: Write down the whole number a A tangent meets a radius at BC° Opposite angles of a cyclic
,
. ,- . - Step 3: Put the remainder in the numerator. quadrilateral add to DEC°
Fractions /#
2 3 = # and 2 3 = #
.#
/ . / / The new denominator remains the same as
- - that of the original improper fraction.
Fractional Powers 40 = 5 √47
$

Mixed to Improper Step 1: Multiply the whole number by the

Percentages fraction’s denominator
One amount as a % of 8 as a percentage of 7 Step 2: Add that to the numerator
8 Step 3: Then write the result on the top of
the other amount × 100
(wants answer as a %) 7 the original denominator
Look for the words as a percent of Watch out: All points need to be
=2>>?9?3@?
+ 8@P − Fractions Need a common denominator (the smallest on the circumference!
Percentage gain/loss × 100 number that that both the numerator and
A92B237C Alternate segment theorem: The Tangents which meet at a point
(wants answer as a %) Look for the words percentage denominator fit into) angle between a tangent and a are equal in length
gain/loss/increase/decrease × Fractions Don’t need common denominator. side of a triangle is equal to the
Find percentage of an % Can cancel diagonally or vertically, not opposite angle
× 8=>?@A horizontally.
amount 100
Given % of an amount, D*EF+ &H"I+J ÷ Fractions Don’t need common denominator.
%
“Keep change flip”
find the full amount &''
Decimal to Fraction Write over 10,100,1000 etc depending on
Increasing/decreasing amountB1 ± D
%
5LL how many places after the decimal and
by a % + if increase simplify.
− if decrease Decimal to Percent Multiply by 100 For two intersecting chords, the products of their diagonals are equal
Reverse percentage ,H"I+J
Fraction to Decimal Write as an equivalent fraction over !# = %F !(! + #) = %(% + F)
%
5±&''
10,100,1000 etc and then easy to divide by
+ if increase
this number
− if decrease
OR
Look for the words originally, at the
Use short division if can’t write as an
beginning, before…
equivalent fraction
Pyramid Method For Percentages: Fraction to Percent Turn into a decimal and then just a decimal Extra helpful fact to remember
to percent question i.e. multiply decimal
found by 100
Percent to Decimal Divide by 100
Percent to Fraction Write over 100 and simplify
Geometry
Simple Interest % Straight Line Equation • Slope intercept & = =% + O
amount + Bamount × × timeD
(interest on initial
5LL
% • General 8% + 7& + P = 0
Interest: = amount × × time (get rid of fractions and move all on one Functions
amount) 5LL
Note: Make sure t and % are same unit side to get into this form) Inverse Replace !(#) with %, swap # & %, solve for %
of time Methods to find & = =% + O
J Composite !((#) means plug ((#) into !(#)
Compound Interest FV = PVB1 + D
N straight line equation Step 1: Find gradient =
!
(interest added also 5LL • Given a graph – pick any 2 points on the Transformations a=vertical stretch sf ), b=horizontal stretch sf "
FV=future value, PV=present value N*)F )!(*# + ,) + - c=translation c units x direction, d=translation d
earns interest) A=times, += interest rate graph and use “anything in a bracket affects
NI+ units in y direction
• Told parallel to another line⟹ same # and does the opposite” !(−#)=reflcn in %, axis − !(#)=reflcn in # axis
Quadratics
slope Series (iGCSE only)
Quadratic Function: %=
4-±O-(4P&/
,8 ≠0 • Told perpendicular to another line Arithmetic sequence: IJK term:
Solutions to !&
⟹”flip fraction and change the sign u3 = a + (n − 1)d
891 + ;9 + < = = (slopes multiply to make −1) sum of n terms
!
Completing The Square 8 B% ±
-
D +O−
-(
•
% 4%
Given 2 points. Use formula ( & n 2
S3 = [2a + (n − 1)d] = (! + P)
891 ± ;9 + < = = !& P& ;(4;& 2 2
-(
Step 2: Find & intercept O where ! =first term, d= common diff,
Max/Min Value O− • Given a graph – where the line crosses P=last term
P&
Congruent Shapes the & intercept Geometric sequence: u3 = ar 345
7(549") 7(9"45)
SSS Three sides of each triangle equal • Plug point in and solve for c (make sure S3 =
549
=
945
,r≠1
SAS Two sides and included angle equal this is correct point-line passes through). where ! =first term, r= common ratio
Straight Line Gradient &!4 &5
AAS Two angles and corresponding side == Differentiation (iGCSE only)
%!4 %5
equal Rule * + ⟹ 2* +45
Distance between 2 T(%!4 %5 )! + (&!4 &5 )! Remember: Constants go to 0
RHS Contains right angle and hypotenuse
points (WU , XU ), (WV , XV ) Turning/Stationary Points '%
and another side equal Solve =0
Coordinates of midpt of B
;&);( %&)%(
, D (Max/Min) ';
Direct/Indirect Proportion (WU , XU ), (WV , XV ) ! !
Proving whether Use knowledge of shape of graph
/ is … proportional to , Circles (% − 8)! + (& − 7)! = + ! Max/Min +* ! happy face min
2 centre (8, 7), radius +
Directly: / = ?, , Inversely: / = −* ! sad face max
. <
+* max on left, min on right
<
−* min on left, max on right