CONTENT

Si.No Particulars

1 Introduction
2 Objectives of the study

3 Womens cooperative society

4 Growth of Womens cooperatives in India.

5 Conclusion and References

 ABSTRACT

Women’s cooperative society is presents successful case studies of women cooperatives in

different states in India. Women found it necessary to form consumer’s societies as prices of
essential co modifies were rising speedily and the problem of co adulteration had became a
serious social danger with the formation of woman’s industrial cooperative banks and
woman’s multipurpose societies also began to the formed utilization of women labor for
productive if social economic development cooperative provide many laired opportunities
for women participation. No doubt, their standards of life as enhanced due to social
awareness, entrepreneurship, and development of skills, increased. Participation in the
affairs of cooperation and utility. Most of the women cooperatives in India have proven very
successfully but they fact cutthroat competition in the market women’s cooperatives also
suffer undue escalation of cost and limited availability of have materials women’s
cooperatives provides women can work out of their dwelling houses ,activities and stand at
high level of decision making in their society . Cooperatives could empower women in such
various aspects as social, economic, cultural and psychological dimensions empowerment
levels as regards psychological and economics aspects were higher than empowerment
levels from other aspects and whole social cultural and financial dimensions being placed
within the next rank.

Science this cooperative is a representative of two villages the needs of the people from
both villages should be taken into consideration.

A board of directions composed of the representatives from both villagers could be helpful
on this regards.
 INTRODUCTION

Meaning of Women’s Cooperative Society

Empowerment has always been fundamental to the co-operative idea where people get together
to achieve goals that they would not be able to achieve on their own. The goals are decided by
the members themselves and, since co-operatives are organized on the principle of one person -
one vote, the co-operative form of enterprise provides women with the opportunity of
participating on equal terms with men. Co-operative enterprises can take on different forms: it
can be set up by a group of enterprises or by individual entrepreneurs wishing to benefit from
shared services, cheaper goods, and easier access to markets or higher prices for their products.
But what they all have in common is that, as a group, members are able to create economies of
scale and increase their influence and bargaining power. In many developing countries women
work individually, often isolated, in the informal economy, operating at a low level of activity and
earning marginal income. Joining forces in small-scale co-operatives can provide them with the
economic, social and political leverage they need. There are several good examples of
empowerment of women through co-operatives can be seen in Asia and Pacific Region.
The need and importance of womens involment in the cooperative movement has realized
since long. The cooperative planning committee under the chairmanship of Sarajya in 1945,
whitle reviewing the progess of cooperative movemtn had observed that one importement
reason of the low progress of this moemn in the country was vitually. The absence fo womens
participation, therefore, the committed strongly felt the need of womens participation in the
cooperatives, credit co operative small nad cottage industries.

Co-operative denies and voluntary health cooperative. The women’s workers proved to be the
best for furthering our objectives and programme of reconstruction and betterment through co
operative venture. Co operative in India is playing an important role in socio economic
transformation and development of the country. These are efficacious units for ameliorating
the conditions of weaker sections especially of women. Being peoples voluntaaray organization
a co opeartive society aims at providing services and resources to its members for organizing
economic creatives. Womens co operatives are base on the self help responsibility, democracy,
equality and solidarity.In the tradition of their founders, co operatie members belive in the
ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others.

1
Women’s cooperties societys include non profit community organizations and business that are
owned and managed by the people who use their servies or by the people who work there and
fake on a variety of forms ranging from officially registered. Cooperatives to loosely organized
groups of neighbors, family and kin networkds. Cooperatives are based on values like, self help,
democracy, equality,equity and solidenty. These values among other aspects of cooperatives
are particulanly womens through membership. Cooperatives allow womens who might have
been is calcated and working individually to bank together and cruet economies of scale as well
as increase their own burgaing owner in the market.Womens suffer a disproporronately loco
representation on co penative membership around the world. Womens cooperatives run by
and composed entirely of womens may be structured on a way that makes at easier for women
to participate.

Economic and social steelts of men or women in order to bring them into the main strum of
development. Self employment at home earning income by incaluing in trades like pickels,
papads, garments, grocery shope, vegetable shopes,tailoring, flower mill, mirchi, kandop etc.
The incrise the standar of living of the urbur people. It is father repoted that many of these
banks are financially healthy and wll managed,during recent year their activities have been
dever sified but not sufficienly. The womens cooperatives movement is of great sinifinance on
india and finds mention even in the Indian constitution.

It has touched various walks of life from agriculture fertilizer, banking ,dairy, sugar, housing to
modern day sector such as information technology, women cooperatives have a long history in
the country. These cooperative societies indicate a series of economics and social
empowerement and increase well being for womens and their families.

They are potentially a very significant contribution to womens empowerment through their
contribution to womens ability to earn an income.

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 THE NATURE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETY

Throughout human history some activities have always been undeatken by groups rather than
individuals, simply because this was a better and more economic way of doing things.
Cooperation is a method of working together with others having the same or similar needs or
problems. It is a method of pooling resources and human endavour acting on an organized,
disciplined mammer such activities are usually described as “Infromal cooperation “.

More formal types of cooperation such as the early cooperative societies, came to the fore
during the late 19th centuary, first on Europe and leiter throughout the world. These
developments took place in paralled with the development of joint stock companies, which
evolved as a means of procuring capital for corporate entitles. The outcome of the growth of
formal legally recognized organizations at the same time various other forms of mutual
enterprise.

The co operative womens guild was established in 1883 by women within the movement to
provide representatiton for coorking women and their interests and spread co operation in
working class communities where women had traditionally always worked and had increasing
spending power. There were no female founder members of the rochdale equitable pioneers
society when at opened, despife the the vital support that women would have provided the
individual founders. It was difficult for women to find the membership fee needed to join the
society on their own right as men often controlled the finances and so a house hold
membership would be in their.

By now at it was recognized that women were making the spending decisions in most coorking
household and they were chasing to spend the bulk of their money at co opearitive stores
where they could get their jivi once or twice a year.

These centred around meternity right and financial support on the early twentily century
working class women often had large families due to a leak of ceess to contraception and
sexual health information and could try and procure backstreet aborations which wee seriously
dangerous.

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 THE ROLE OF WOMENS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY

In the cause of India, the genesis of the cooperative society can be traced to the ancient
cultural and religious traditions of the county. In addition, there are also instences of the
tradition of

Of cooperatives among different communities of India. In the traditional cooperative system in

India, members voluntarily formed groups to provide social economic services. Therefore the
traditional concept of corporation in India was based on cultural, religious and social values.
However the modern concept of the cooperative movement as different from the traditional
views of cooperatives. Even through its scope includes concern about society, yet its main focus
is on business. The women’s cooperative movement in India was basically organised against
exploitative money lenders to risqué formers from the clutches of poverty and indebtedness.

Women empowerment a process through which a women gains the power to exercise
her choices within the household or outsides the household level, thus study furthers studies
this study this process at three levels. Women vies –a-vies herself. Women vies-a-vies her
family and women vies-a-vies society.

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 CHAPTER-2
OBJECTIVE OF THE WOMENS COOPERATIVES
The cooperatives objectives is to empower women, felicitate their independence and self
reliance generate employment opportunities promote the indigenous skills in art and crusts and
preserve their identity. Their activities include different types of organic vegetable cultivation
throughout the year.
Cooperative societies are formed with the aim of helping their members . this type of business
organisation as formed mainly by weaker sections of the society in order to prevent any type of
exploitation from the economically stronger sections of the society.

Cooperatives are based values self helps. Democracy, equality, equality and sol identity these
value among other aspect of co-operatives are particularity useful in emergency power
women through membership.

Cooperatives allow women who might hav been isolated and working individually to bond
together and create economics of scale as well as increase their own bargaining power on the
market.

To provide support and service to the members of the society and not to earn thje profit. To
help each other mutrually and not to have competition.

To practice fair and transparent business activities.

To deliver the quality goods and produce to the end costumers.

There are main objectives of womens’s co-operative society such as:-

Voluntary Membership
It is the core priniciple of co-operation . An individual who posses common interest and
abides by the set rules of a society has the right to be its member moreover, it is in the
hands of the members to either continue on leave the society apart form being
voluntary the membership of a co-operative society as open to all people irrespective of
their caste, race, colour or creed.

5
Sources of Finance

All the members of a co-operative socirty contribute to finances through the purchase of
shares. Generally the accumulated funds are insufficient as the majority of members belong to
weaker sections of the society. Also, there as a cap on the maximum shares when a member
can purchase in the co-operative society. Hence, the Government provides financial support to
the societies in the form of loans from the central or central co-operative banks.

Purpose of the co-operation

• The central objectives of the co-operative society as to render useful services from credit
to consumption goods an dthe input resources toits members as well as to the society. A
co-operative society does not emphasis profits maximization at the cost of others. So the
chief motive of the co-operation remains serving to its members and society.
• To develop co-opertation se;f respect and self reliance amongst the members.
• To buy and produce quality goods, tools, equipments and raw materials to the end
costumers.
• To associate with government and other organizations of similar business.
• To undertake those activities that caters to the welfare and well being to the members
and society.
• To promote unity amidst the members and remove any sort of internal competition.
• To practice transparent and fair business dealings.
• To generate economics objectives among members through provision of credit, farm
supplies, marketing etc.
• To mobilize funds an savings among members.
• To provide consumer goods to members at reasonable rates.
• To provides services to members according to their needs such as housing, transport ,
insurance etc.
• To provide self help , self relevant among people.
• To educate and train members and the public in democracy, economic and social
development.

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 CHAPTER – 3
WOMEN CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY
A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons who volunteered co-operate for their
mutual,social,economic and cultural benefit through a mutually owned and democratically run
enterprises.
Co-operative include non-profit community organization and business that are owned
and managed by the people who use that served or by the people who work there and take on
a variety of forms, ranging from officially registered co-operatives to loosely organized groups
of neighbour family and kin network, co-operatives are based on value like self help democracy
, equality and solidarity.
These values among other aspects of co-operatives are particulary useful in empowering
women through membership.
Co-operatives allow women who might have been isolated and working individually to
band together and create economics of scale as well as increase their own bargaining power in
the market. Women’s co-operatives run by and composed entirely of women may be strucred
in a way that makes it easier for women to participate.

Self help Group of Women’s co-operatives:

This programmers insure that women in our communities not only become socially responsible
but economically independent and participate on family and community decision making
process since the financial services of the formal banking system have traditionally remained
inaccessible to a majority of the poorer sections of the rural population. Especially women on
initiative was made by pride India to initiate a women’s co-operative on the principle of mutual
help. This was the vipula women’s credit co-operative society.
It’s success was limited as it could only cater to selected pockets on the neighbourhood.
Hence, to meet the credit needs of rural women from the other operational areas pride
initiated the creation of self help Groups.
The following are the core principles that apply to all prides micro finance programmes
• Serve the poorest clients with a focus on women.

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 • Savering and mobilization.
• Support capacity building.
• Promote culturally appropriate programme appearance.
• Plan for sustainability one of the major objectives of the programme is to familiarize
adjacent girls with knowledge about diverse but inter-related areas such as governance,
public services, sanitation, child care etc. that will make them confident and enable them
to become economically and socially independent in life.

Role of co-operatives in Rural women’s :

Women;s on rural India are the lowest step of the socio economic lader through they
have far better living standard today, most of them do not have the capabilities to take part on
the unmatched economic opportunities over 35 percent of the rural people in India are living in
poverty. Even though much has changed in rural India, rural women are not allowed to live a
healthy life , obtained an education and finf skilled jobs literacy among rural Indian women are
in the 80 percent range and that the vast majority of rural women work on skilled jobs in the
unorganized sector still date there as no formal mechanism to understand the problems and
address the needs of rural people mainly rural women. There should be equal opportunity for
the rural women in the weaker sections compare with women in urban and semi urban areas
different organizations created by the Government are not adequate to service large
heterogeneous sections of the rural communities.

History of women’s co-operatives:

• In India co-operation has it’s origin on the last quarter of 19th centuary in attempts to
provide relief to the farmers from the clutches of money lenders.
• The co-operative movement was introduced in India as a state policy and owes its
inauguration to the enactment of the co-operative socities Act,1904.
• In the Pre independence are the movement has passed through various stages of
development and has seen uss.
• The down of Independence in 1949 and the advent of planned economic development
where as in a new for co-operatives. Co-operation come to be considered as on
instrument of planned economic development.

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 • Our 1st prime minister Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru was a great admirer of co-operatives
and he concerned to convulse the country with co-operation. In five year plans the
agricultural registered big expansion in different sectors.
• Co-operatives play a vital role in the economy of India.
• At present the Indian co-operative system is one of the biggest in the whole world. It is
one of the strongest pillars on which agriculture and allied sector is flourishing.
• In India there are of 5 million co-operative societies of all kinds with membership of 290
million covering almost 100% of villages and 30% national population on membership
In the early 20th century most women in the United States did not work outside
the home and those who did were primarily young and unmarried.
These statistics somewhat under the contributions of married women to the economy
beyond housekeeping and child nearing since women’s work in home often included work in
family business and the home production of goods such as agricultural products for sale, also
the aggregate satisfies obscure the differential experience of women by race. American was
about twice as likely to participate in the labour were about white women at the time largely
because they were more likely to remain in the labour force after marriage.
The fact that many women left work upon marriage reflected cultural norms the nature of the
work available to them, and legal structure. The occupational choose of those young women
who do work were severally circumscribed. Most women lacked signified education and
women little with educational mostly as peace workers, jabs that were dirty and often unsafe,
education women were scarce fewer then two percent of all 18-24 years olds were enrolled in
an institution of higher education and just one third of these were women . Such women did
not have to perform manual labour, but their choices were likewise constrained.
This rose suggests that while the incentive and in many cases the imperative and in many cases
the imperative remained for women to drop out of the labour market at marriage when they
could rely on their hats bands income, mores were changing, indeed ,these years overlapped
with the so- called first wave of the women’s movement , when women came together to
agitate for change on a variety of social issues,induding suffrage and which culminated on 1920
women were still largely viewed as secondary whose husbands careers came first.

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As time progressed, attitudes about women working and their employment prospects charged.
As women gained experience in the labour force, they increasingly saw that they could become
work and family.
Some women began to attend college and graduate school with the expectation of working,
whether or not they planned to marry and have families. As women increased their education
and joined industries and occupations family dominated by men, the gap in earrings between
women and men began to close significantly.

Women’s Co-operative Bank Promoting and financial

The man Deshi mahila sahakani bank(MDMSB) Is perhaps ,unique in the fact that it is a ‘rural’
urban cooperative Bank,regulated by the central bank of the country for and by poor
women.MDMSB Provides aq wide range of services including saving,credit,insurance,pension
and non financial service on a integrated manner.(MDMSB) operate to provide both financial
and non financial service.The federation is a non profit association aimed at organizing rural
women enterpreneus and comprises of more than 2400 SHGS. Five offices have been setup by
this federation of SHGS which help the bank in expandation is providing a variety of non
financial service to clients like health,education,student scholarship,vocational skill traning
etc.
This tri polar structure helps to serve the people holistrily by offering both financial and non
financial services to thousands of rural poor womens.
The Mahila bank with six fully computerized branches todays has more then 13300 members
with a share holding of 260.00 lakh. The absence of formal education the absence of formal
education had not deterred these women from managaing a system of micro credit/ finance
that is suited to their need, several an ecodated experience as that were studied, showed that
the members have been able to change the quality of their life by empowering themselves
economically. The detecits on brief of growth given below.

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 Table Deposit Products

Types of Savings account Description Interest Rate

Regular Saving Maxium two with rawals per week 3.5%

Term Deposit For 15days to 3 years 3.5% to 8.0%

Daily weekly deposit For 6months 1 year or more 5.0%

Monthly deposit 1 year to 5 years 8.0%

It is condsidering financing a mahila Bazar that would be rul exclusively by women it’s a great
surprise for any visitor to mahaswad to find four computer institute run by loans from the bank
loans for purchase and onstullation of solar lamps are now been granted in collaboration with
a manufeacture.The bank has prepared system, procedure and manual for managing its credit
protofolio.
Loan products
Types Clientele Maximum Terms
Amount (Rs.)
Short team 1 year Street vendors small shop 5000-5000 Dy Fee Rs25/-,
womens Repayment monthly
Medium Term 2.5 Working capital machinery 25000-10,000 14% Fee
years agricutlre

The bank with partnership with insurance capanies has also designed micro insurance products
for the share holders. Accident insurance policy and old age social security schemes are some of
the novelties.

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 CHAPTER-4
GROWTH OF WOMENS
COOPERATIVES IN INDIA
The servies of the cooperative institutions improve the socio economic conditions of the
member and strengthen the economy of the country, the co operative movement plays a vital
role on all walks of life of the society in general and women in particular instituon like co
operative credit society, housing , consumer, weaver, fisherman, marketing, dairy, industrial,
and the like to feel fall the need of the people and have intergrated with their day to day life.
Many evolution studies have found that womens can lead a cooperative institution more
successfylly compared to men which in turn helpo improve the socio economic conditions of
the womens members.
The co operatives provide varied opportunites for women members. No dout, their
standard of living is improved by the income they earn and their quality of life is enchance due
to social awrness enterepencure ship, development of skill increased participation in the
affaris of the society , leading to better understating the skill effective participation in
management and reducing unemployment despite these there exists the discrimination
against women in the Indian to day womens cooperative guild has established in many leading
countries of the world and international womens co operations guild has been formed in whole
addressing the international co-operative congress, held at prague in 1948 the president
started that it was the women with basket, who would decide the necessary time to atteentin
the distrinct objective of a new economic order of justice and peace. It is not and
exaggernation to note that great Briton paved way for establishing women cooperative in other
countires.

Analysis and Discussion of Women’s cooperative society

The co operative movement in india had bath success and failures however the validity of
cooperatives for poor to improve their economic status and working conditions in the self
employment and handicraft sector cannot be questioned. The cooperative is an important
instrument through which the poor can get access to one dit, production, inputs , marketing

12
facilities and the like, cooperatives also provide a forum for the poor to together and there by
acquire a better bargaing poler.
In any economy of some institutions growth and development is postive it is an indication that
the system is working well other wis it is vice versa. Therefor effort has been made to study the
sets of the womens multipripase cooperative societies in india and Karnataka.

Number of Cooperative societies- 1990 to 2000 (All india and

Karnataka)
India Karnataka Percentage to total

All societies 525310 28462 5.42

Women society 8393 864 10.29

Percentage to total 1-60 3.04

There is a great history behind the cooperative momvent. It will be interesting to study growth
of the movement over a period of time. The growth of the movement is nothing but the
growth of societies and its operations.

13
Literature of Review in women’s cooperative society
Kulkarni (1960)highlights the nature and magnitude of growth of women co-operative
management and role of women in co-opeartion enterprise.
Rukmayi(1981) says that the government could issue circular to various departments listing out
the products, fabricated through the women’s industrial co-operative societies and request
others to buy their requirements if available through these societies only. Perhaps this will
enable the societies to improve their economic strength.
Singh(1987) explores the potentialities of women’s participation in co-operative sector and
observes that women’s co-operative movement is becoming popular in India.
The study by sekhar (1995) emphasized the need for setting up of women co-operative banks in
India. Most of the women do not own enterprises. The reviewed studies clearly demonstrate
various complicated issues particularly the growth of the women co-operatives. Some studies
found that the women co-operatives grew due to motivation of women members support from
NGOs and government agencies.
In this background,the present study is tries to analyze the growth and development of women
co-operatives in India.
The recent focus of the government of India has led to research on this crucial issue. The
current literature review sheds light on the studies conducted to assess the reach and impact of
various human rights conventions and provisions under the constitution of India, the awareness
levels and resultant effect of gender equality and gender justice and also how effective care the
legislations and constitutional provisions as a tool for achieving the gender sensitization on the
country.
Amitabh Singh (2011)
In his research identifies that female foeticide has indeed become one of the most gravest issue
in contemporary world we are day by day inching closer to a land without women. The research
further mentions that uneven sex ratio all over the world and especially in India has raised a
doubt on social development. In fact female foeticide will not only give rise to serious social
consequances such us increase numbers of rupes, molestations growth of polyandry
homosexuality, prostitution etc, but also jeopundoze human existence at lenge.

14
Dhruba Hazarika (2011)
Expressess women empowerment as a debatable subject as in the earlier times they were
having equal status with men but faced some dispurtiy and discrimination during post vedic
and epic ages adn were treated as sleves. The research touches the point that although the
modern women occupies some respectable postions in different walks of life, year
discrimination and harassment of womens is still existing in the society, as the number of
women able to establish their potentialities to establish their poterntialities are very few. The
reasearsh work emphasize the need that each and every citizen should be careful and
responsible to promote the equal streets for women in modern Indian society.
Viney Kapoor (2011)
Highlights the rights of the daughter under various personal tows cell over the world and
discuesses that the women were treated like chattel and they are deprived of proprietary right
under various international and Indian laws. He emphess sizes on proprietory rights in sense of
their social status, economic independence, individual security and assures prosperous and
dignified life. He indentifies that daughters are most deprived as regards succession to ancestral
property under various personal laws and points out that the provisions relating to inheritance
are not free from discrimination against women.
Jogesh Das (2012)
Reveals about gender differences, customs, traditions social attitudes etc. The research
emphasizes that besides, the human rights of women and girl child are om intergral part of the
universal human rights (1993) world ceonference on the author conceptualizes certain gender
specific human rights.
Monalisa Bhattacharjee (2012)
The research highlights that the first help of this centuary the women were confined to social
disciplines, on the country it was evident that in the works of contemporary Bengalis stalwarts
social upliftment of womens were seen, although stearing of womens liberation from social
disciplines of Bengali women and on the other side in the second half of the century social
liberation of women was pictured. The first half of the centuary social discipline of Bengali

15
woman and on the other side in the second half of the centuary social liberation of women was
pictured.
Mrs Deepanjali Mishra (2012)
Identifies feminis on as a socio political movement. Which advocates involvement of active
participation by women to demand for their right and conside as a movement fought against
female coppression under partiardhy. The nesearch eleboratess that victimazation of women
can takes place through various ways like case, color,race,attitude towards motherhood, etc.

Mrs Deepanjali Mishra (2012)

Identifies feminis on as a socio political movement. Which advocates involvement of active
participation by women to demand for the rights and consider as a movement fought against
female coppression under patriarchy. The research elaborates that vvictimization of women can
takes place through various ways like case, color,race,attitude towards motherhood etc.
Mrs Lalita Kumari (2012)
Identifies the problem felied by working women adn low and no significant self confidence in
unbua and rural working women. The research further reveals that there is no releationship
between socio economic status and self confidence in working women of Ludhiana. The study
finding has shown that most of working women face problem of role conflict problem of leak of
persistence and administrative problems.
Harish Chandra (2012)
Discussess about the international practices in human rights and the relevant provisions in the
constitution of india. The study highlight various articles in the constitution in relation to
provisions of international tradions.
Rita Kumari (2014)
This paper preasuexts that although they constituon is silent on women becoming monk, but
the women were given the right to vote back in 1932. They were neven given the right to be
ordained as a monk, which may be treated as gender discrimination and gender inequality.

16
 Advantages of Women’s cooperatives
1. Easy to form A cooperative society is a voluntary association and may be formed with a
minimum of ten adult members. Its registration is very simple and can be done without
much legal formalities.
2. Open membership membership in a cooperative organisation is open to all people
having a common interest. A person can become a mber at any time he likes and can
leave the society at any time by returning his shares, without affecting its continuity.
3. Democratic management a cooperative society as managed in a democratic manner. It
is based on the principle of ‘ One man one vote’ all members have equal rights and can
have a voice in its management.
4. Limited liability the liability of the mebers of a co operative society as limited to the
extexnt of capital contributed by them. They do not have to bear personal liability for
the debts of the society.
5. Stability a co operative society has a separate legal existence. It is not affected by the
death, insolvency, lunacy or permanent incapacity of any of its members. It has a facily
stable life and continues to exist for long period.
6. Economical operations the operation of a cooperative society is quite economical due to
eliminaton of middlemen and the voluntary services provided by its members.
7. Mutual co operation cooperative societies promote the spirit of mutual understanding
self help and self government. The underlying principle of co operation is self help
through mutual help.
8. Economic advantage cooperative societies provide loans for productive purpose and
financial assistance to fermens and other lower income earning people.
9. Other benefits cooperative societies care exempted from paying registration fees and
stamp duites in some states. These societies have prority over other creditors in
relasing its dues from the debtors and their shares cannot be decreed for the
realisation of debts.

17
 Disadvantages of Women’s
1. Coperative Society
Limited capital cooperatives are usally at a disadvantage in raising capital because of the low
rate of return on capital invested by the members.
2. Ineffcient Management
The management of co operative society is generally inefficient because the managing
committed consists of part time and inexperienced people.
3. Absence of Motivation
A cooperative society is formed for mutual benfit and the intersest of individual members is not
fully satisfied. There is no direct link between effort and neward. Hence members are not
inclined to put their best efforts in a cooperative society.
4. Difference and factionalism among members
Once the intial enthusiasm about the co operative ideal is exhausted differences and group
conflicts arise among members. Then it becomes difficult to get full co operation from the
members. The selfish motives of members beign to dominate and service motive is sometimes
forgoteen.
5. Lack of Competition
Cooperatives generally don not face any stiff competiton. Mankets for their goods and services
are more or less ready and assured. Hence, there is possibility of stackening of effeorts.
6. Cash trading
The members of the societies are generally from poor sections of the society. These persons
need crdit facilitites. On the other hand, provide traders extend credit facilitites to the
consumers.
7. Lack of Secrcy

The affairs of a co operative society are openly discussed on the meetings of the mbemers.
Every member is free to inspect the books and records of the society. Therefore it becomes
difficult to keep the secrets of business.

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8. Corruption

It is the worst demercit from which co operative societies fuffer it is the biggest hindrenace in
the development and growth of business.
9. Goverment control

Cooperative womens societies have to comply with several rules and regulations related to
auditing of accounts submission of accounts etc.

Function of sltgs women’s cooperative

Members:
➢ An ideal SHG should have about 10 to 20 members.
➢ This is because if the group is bigger it will be difficult for and individual to undertake
equal participation in a large group.
➢ The SHG shouldn’t have more than one member from a particular family.
➢ This SHG should nt have more than one member from a particular family.
➢ This allocus the inclusion of many families.
➢ It should also have either only men or only women because it is found that the mixed
groups are not successful.
➢ It is also found that the women SHG are more successful because the members are
better cat savings and that they are making use of the loans more effecinly than men.
➢ The members of the SHGs must have similar problem and backgrounds for it to be
successful.
SHG Meetings
➢ Ideally the meetings should be held weekly or monthly so that the members become
clasher to each other.
➢ A member must attend the meeting for it to became successful.
➢ Member ship register minutes register savings and loom register etc. So that must be
kept of to date so that it is easy to know about the sits and that there at transparency
within the group.
➢ All member must regularity save at least a small amount these saving allow their group

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 ➢ Lending room to the member
➢ The saving made by the SHG must be used to provide looms to remember of the group
everything relected to the loan must be decided within the group.
➢ Solving common problems
➢ SHG mostly consists of individual who face similar problems. The grouping should
essentially help the individual over come these problems through discussions and
interactions with in the problems and finding a common and united solution to the
problems.
➢ Bank loans :
➢ SHG must work on getting a collective guarantee system so that they can avail of loans
from official sources.
ADVENTAGES OF SHG GROUP OF WOMENS CO-OPERATIVES
➢ COMBATING SOCIAL EVILS:
The SHG s play a crucial role in overcoming social evils like alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling
etc.
➢ Women empowerment:
Womens SHGs make their members independent from social constructists and allow then to
make independent decisions they can evenactively panitcipate in the gram sabha.
➢ Active participation in democarcy:
SHG s com actively partipate in the aspects of local governance.This would mean the inclusion
of weaker and mangianlised sections of the society in the local governance.
➢ Increase employment Opportunites in rural india:
It allows for micro level entrenturship with in the rural society and reduces too much
dependence on agriculture.
➢ Improves the stand of Living:
The collective team effort by the SHGs for financial inclusion allows for the improvement on the
living standard family planning healthcure of the palnning, helathcure of the vulnerable
sections of the society.
➢ Financial discipline:

20
The members of the SHGs are encouraged to open saving account sin banks.This assures
improved living conditions increased spending on education health etc.

Lumitations of SHGS
Too much dependence on government and NGOs:
Many SHGs are dependent on the promoter agencies for their survival. In case these agencies
withdrwar their support the SHGs are volunable to downfall.

Lacks qualified facilitactor:

The facilitators do not have professional training with regard to organising SHGs.
Lcaks Up gradation of skills:
Most SHGs are not making use of new technological innovations and skills.This is because there
is limited awareness with regards to new technologies and they do not have the necessary skills
to make use of the same further more , there is a lack of effective mechanisms that promote
skill development in rural areas.
SHGs Core run by non professionals:
There is no professionalism with in the SHGs.This does not promote the expansion and
improvement of the SHGs.This does not collow for the increase of wages of the members and
improvement in their living conditions.This also loads to errors in accounting and
mismanagement of the funds.
Locks security:
SHGs are mostly not registred.They are run based on the trust between the members.The
savings made by the SHG Members may not be safe which bring in mostrust between the
members.

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Types of co-operative society

1. Producer Cooperative
To protect the interest of small produces,these societies are set up.The co-operative
society members may be farmers.
Land owner, owners of the fashing operation to increase the marketing possibilities and
production efficiency, producers decide to work together or us separate entities.
They perform several cultivities like processing, marketing and distributing their lower
casts and strains on each area with a mutual benefit.

2. Consumer co-operative society

These business are owned and governed by consumers of a particular area for their
mutual benefit their view asa to provide daily necessary commodities at an optimum
price.Rather then earning a primary profit, their aim as towards providing service to the
consumer.
3. Marketing co-operative society
With an aim of helping small producers on selling their products these societies are
established.The producers who with to obtain reasonable prices for their output are the
members of that society for seaming a favourable Market for the product's they
eliminate the middlemen and improve the competitive position of as enemies.It collects
the output of individual members.
4. Housing co-operative Society
To helps people with limited income to constant hours at reasonable costs,these
societies are established, theirs aim as to solve the housing problems of the members.A
members of the society aims to procure the residential house at lower cost.
They construct the houses and give the option to members to pay on installments
to purchase the house.They construct flows or provide plots to members on which the
members themselves can construct the houses as per their choice.

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WORKER CO-OPERATIVE
Worker co-operative are identified as the third type of co-operative owned and
controlled by their employees.The purpose of the worker co-operative as to create jobs
for their members and allow them control of their work place.Members provide the
capital to finance the business,each sharing the costs of ownership.usually the worker co-
operative are services co-operative services to other business and they are generally
printing, nursery schools, claiming, consulting, delivery, manufacturing and food
services.
Major benefits to the employee members include involve members in the policy
making process through the election of Board of directors, profit sharing through
patronage allocation and a quality of work life that as established by the membership.

FINANCIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY

The financial co-operative were initially based on consume co-operative offering
financial services to their members financial co-operative were started on rural
communities providing farmers with micro credit during the early 1900s and they were
known as the peoples bank or credit unions and saving and credit co-operative
These co-operative have the mandate to provide their members with financial
services at the lowest possible cost and the highest possible returns.These services
indude a variety of deposit vehicles, mortgage loans lines of credit,safety deposit boxes,
financial planning, estate administration and insurance.

Mission Shakti scheme in Odisha on women's co-operative:-

Mission Shakti facilities on opening of SHG saving accounts and providing bank credit
linkage to eligible SHGs . Mission Shakti also provides interest subvention
to SHGs through banks kn prompt repayment of loan.
Empowerment of women as one of the key development initiatives identified by the
Government of Odisha.It as well known that economic empowerment of women
significantly contribute to their social empowerment.As such helping women to achieve
economic independence by enabling them to have independent employment and

23
income has been accorded the highest priority therefore, promotion of
women's self help Groups (WSHGs) under the aegus of Mission Shakti programme was
adopted on 2001 as a key strategy for achieving women's empowerment.
Mission Shakti as the self help mission for empowering women's
through self help Groups to take up various socio economic activities,which was
launched on the state kn 8th March 2001 on the eve of International women's Day
mission Shakti has the clear objectives of empowering women through gainful activities
by providing credit and market linkage 'Mission Shakti ' as a flagship programme of the
Government. It enveasay that over a period of time more and more would be part of a
WSHGs.
Nearly 70 lakh women have been organized into 6 lakhs groups in all blocks and
urban local bodies of the state so far. To strengthen the activities of the existing WSHGs
and to provide members to formation of new WSHGs constant hand holding and
monitoring as undertaken thoroughout the year. For this purpose a separate directorate
of mission Shakti has been created under the Department of women and child
Department and Mission Shakti.

Women's helpline of Mission Shakti:-

The women's helpline provides toll-free 24 hours telecom services to women's seeking
support and information by connecting then with emergency response support system
for all emergency services like police/ fire / Ambulance scheme/ programmes , facilities
and will also connect women's with the statutory officer's under various legal stations
like dowry prohibition officers,child marriage prevention officers and protection officers
etc. Women helpline will be accessible through a single universal toll-free number
across the country.
A women on distress or in difficult circumstances or somebody on her behalf may
call this toll-free number. Based on the urgency and the requirements explained by the
women.

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FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SELF HELP GROUPS FOR WOMEN:-
In order to inform women's about the Government's financial inclusion strategy the
government will also set up financial literacy and credit counseling programmes at the
voltage level together with financial institutions and other departments these
programmes will plan. The creation of performance records and financial reports will
both be digitise under the Odisha Mission Shakti programme,the
women's self help organization will recieve the following sorts of financial support.

Mission Shakti loan for womens:-

In 2013, the State Government launched the Mission Shakti loan programme the
Government will offer the women's self help groups reasonable financing through this
loan,the initial recipient as eligible to borrow up to Rs. 30,000/- at 2% interest. The
annual interest rate for women's self help groups was decrease to 1% in an effort to
encourage them to invest more money kn livelihood activities. After that , the
programme was amended on 2019. As long as the loan as repaid on time, beneficiaries
are not required to pay interest on loans up to Rs. 30,000/- ,under this programme loans
will be made acordable by core banking solutions based scheduled commercial bank in
co-operative banks.

Women's co-operative and youth participation in co-operatives:-

India has become the fifth largest economy in the world and can channelize it's
demographic advantage in its guest to become one among the world's top three largest
economies. Co-operative movement is one such window that can bring youth and
specifically mote women's in the main stream to contribute constrictively to sustainable
economic development co-operative in India are craving it's micro on almost every field
of economics activities. A new ministry of co-operation has been set up to realize the
soon of co-operative as having immense potential to drive socio economic development
goals towards the ambit of AATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT and rural development integrate
capacity building, education,skill training can lead in realizing true co-operative

25
development models and concerning dual targets of becoming a economic white list
fulfilling commitments of targets.
Traditional role of women's co-operative:-

- In many developing countries there us a prevalent misconception that reproductive

and domestic roles should be a women's most important job.
- when women attempt to add an income earning job on top of other roles, pressure to
uphold the inaugural division of labour and care work on the household severely
restricts their job choices even putting them on the outside circle on co-operative
because there as little time left for mandatory meeting attendance and other tasks.
- Women at this level of poverty find at difficult to overcome the gender constructions
imposed on them.
- Many women get trapped by pressures and critisism from female members and
neighbours that believe the independence.
- Co-operative encourages as too forward even to the extent of featness or husbands.
- Women's look of access to finance due to a variety of factors such as absence of
collateral and negotiating power is one of the mean banners to improving the products
capacity of women's workers.
- Women's co-operative label themselves women's co-operative.
- Women's are sometimes dismissed as radical political groups especially if the
organization is new.
- Women's outlook was an entiring and in some ways surprisingly modern mix of the
political and the domestic that combined tips for housewifes and working women with
fashion fiction and features.
The women's co-operative guide still exhaust today as the co-operative women's
was formed in 1885 and worked for the improvement of the status of women,
championing women's rights, championing for women's suffraged and demanding other
important changes to society such as maternity benefits women's co-operative who
have bonded themselves into a guide to work through co-operation for the welfare of the
people, seeking freedom for their fellowship of men and women on the home. Features

26
on women and their place on society and all over the world, considering issues such as
Scandinavian countries.
When women's outlook started on 1919,women over the age of thirty had only
recently gained the vote in England.
I have been wondering if there as no dramatic action we women could take up so
as to impress the world with our serious attitude on the question. We women get fed up
and become rediculised doing the same jobs day after day,the magazine also
offers self help tips from how to make a portfolio and advice on chairing and managing
meetings. Women were encouraged to become bound and committe members in co-
operative societies to suggesting setting up study circles to share experiences with
other women.
From its inception women's outlook argued for world peace. It continued
production through the second world war, printing a womens war time diary.
All the while women's outlook for a Britwn to be rebuilt as a fairer,mote equal
society after the war with better housing and access to healthcare and education.

27
 CHAPTER - 5
Conclusion:-
In developing countries among the poor,rural women are the poorest and more valuable
. Although the problem of gender inequlyasa a universal phenomenon it is highly
pronounced on developing countries like Ethiopia. The result of the study indicated that
women participation on co-operative is very limited more than 80% of the respondents
are involved in form activity and only 5% are engaged in paid work. The socio economic
dimensions joined their co-operative to access financial sources and improve their
banging power. However their participation in management position is minimal.
Women played as pivoted role in during farming and help in increasing the
returns from the enterprises,still they are not recognised as farmers and supposed to be
just home makers and cool for the family and do not participate in decision making.
Hence there is a need to uplofyyge socio economic condition of the women and gave
them the States of a during farmers the government to strengthen the position of
women during farmers and gave them due to recognition as farmer's through the
establishment of women during co-operative societies.
The membership was founded to be more for members them that of non-
members indicating a positive input of women during co-operative societies in making
the women empowered. Hence the number of villages on which WDCS was operating
should be increased so that a larged number of women can become members of
WDCS and thus become empowered.
Co-operative has a vast opportunity but until recently largely neglectes in
connection with the women of India. The co-operative societies have always been open
to women but difficulties in connecting with the security,which women offer the cus
rofstykd funds etc have been so long held the centre statgey. These have been
exceptions were women have served on managing committees of mixed societies and
even as office, bearers but these have been comparatively rare with the diversion of
intrest to a greater extent to non credit activities the way is open to the intensification of
the work among women on the regions. The study shows that there is a clear evidence
that the WMPCS performing well. Therefore, both the centre stage these have been
exceptions were women have served on managing committees of mixed societies and

28
even as office,bearers but these have been comparatively rare with the diversion of
interest to a greater event to non credit activities the way as open to the intensification
of the work among the women on the regions. Therefore, both the central and state
government have to give more theust to form and support these categories of societies
so that the women's well be empowered institutions are established and there will be
positive impact on the rural women who are socualisnd economically depressed.
Further educating the women creating awaryand motivation to take part on the societies
activities as most essential these can be done only through exposure visuals to the
places where the societies of the women category performing better.
The Bank envisions a future where financial services are available to all the
women who aspere to make life better for themselves and future generations. The
hallmark of the bank has been able to invest on business built around local women's
traditional skills giving them an ownership take in activities on which they had previously
been labourers one outstanding future on the business model of the mam deshi as that
it uses microfinances and financial literacy as safety nets to increase disaster
resolvances among the rural poor women an outcome of this holistic approach as that
around 1,40,000 women in the rural Maharashtra have been benefied from the services
of Mam deshi and started controlling the finances conducting business acquire property
nights and break caste barriers. The entire family of each of these women now began to
reap the full benefits as more money as spent on children education and household
necessities.

29
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