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Traffic Project

This document describes a student project to create a density-based traffic signal system. It outlines the history of traditional traffic lights and motivates the need for a system that adjusts signal timing based on real-time vehicle density readings. The project uses ultrasonic sensors to detect traffic levels on each road and an Arduino board to control colored LED lights in response. When tested, it was able to skip idle signals and prioritize those with heavier traffic, improving traffic flow over fixed-time systems. The goal is to reduce unnecessary traffic jams and save time compared to traditional approaches.

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Prathmesh Pathade
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346 views11 pages

Traffic Project

This document describes a student project to create a density-based traffic signal system. It outlines the history of traditional traffic lights and motivates the need for a system that adjusts signal timing based on real-time vehicle density readings. The project uses ultrasonic sensors to detect traffic levels on each road and an Arduino board to control colored LED lights in response. When tested, it was able to skip idle signals and prioritize those with heavier traffic, improving traffic flow over fixed-time systems. The goal is to reduce unnecessary traffic jams and save time compared to traditional approaches.

Uploaded by

Prathmesh Pathade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Micro Project Report on

“DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL”


SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING
(MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI )
BY
Prathmesh Pathade
Sahil Birduwar
Kapil Mahajan
Shantanu Lendange
Musharaf Sheikh
Shahid Ansari
Samrudhi Morwal
Tejas Vairgade
Niklesh Rathod
(SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING )

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. Akshay Meshram Sir


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
SUSHGANGA POLYTECHNIC, NAIGAON,WANI.
DIST – YAVATMAL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Micro Project on

“DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL”


been successfully submitted by

Prathmesh Pathade
Sahil Birduwar
Kapil Mahajan
Shantanu Lendange
Musharaf Sheikh
Shahid Ansari
Samrudhi Morwal
Tejas Vairgade
Niklesh Rathod

In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirement For


DIPLOMA IN THIRD YEAR
Civil Engineering During academic year 2022-2023

SUSHGANGA POLYTECHNIC, NAIGAON, WANI. DIST – YAVATMAL


Mr. Akshay Meshram Mr. Shubhash Chunarkar Mrs. Pushpa Rani
LECTURER HOD PRINCIPAL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and
whole hearted thanks to our guide Mr. Akshay Meshram Sir for
giving her valuable guidance inspiration and affectionate encouragement
to complete this Project.

We have also acknowledgment our overwhelming gratitude and

immense respect to Prof. Mr. Subhash Chunarkar Sir Head


of Civil Engg. department and sincere thanks to our Principal. Mrs.
Pushpa Rani Mam who inspired us a lot to achieve the highest goal.

Last but not the least we would like to thanks our beloved parents
and all friend who helped us directly in our end over and infused their
help for the success of this project.

Prathmesh Pathade
Sahil Birduwar
Kapil Mahajan
Shantanu Lendange
Musharaf Sheikh
Shahid Ansari
Samrudhi Morwal
Pratik Koychade
Tejas Vairgade
Niklesh Rathod

CONTENTS
NAME OF TOPIC PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION

AIM

REQUIREMENT

THEORY

PROCEDURE

WORKING

RESULT

REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

 Project title meaning

Density based traffic signal is a device which control the traffic


according to the density of vehicles on each side of the road.

 History and necessity

The world's first traffic light was a manually operated gas-lit


signal installed in London in December 1868. It exploded less
than a month after it was implemented, injuring its policeman
operator. 
Countdown timers on traffic lights were introduced in the 1990s.
Timers are useful for pedestrians,
to plan whether there is enough time to cross the intersection
before the end of the walk phase, and for drivers, to know the
amount of time before the light switches. 

 Need of density based traffic signal

 Nowadays, controlling the traffic becomes major issue


because of rapid increase in automobiles and also because of
large time delays between traffic lights. So, in order to rectify
this problem, we will go for density based traffic lights system.
  One of the major problems faced in any metro city is traffic
congestion. Getting stranded in between heavy traffic is a
headache for each and every person driving the vehicle and even
to the traffic police in controlling the traffic.

 Motivation

At the present time, the traffic control system becomes the main
issue because of the fast increase in automobiles and also due to
large time delays between traffic lights. So, in order to overcome
this problem, we will go for density based traffic light timing
control system.
This project discusses how to control the traffic based on 
density. The proposed system uses IR sensors to calculate the
traffic density.

 
 Definition Of Problem

The problem with the traffic system is that for every minute
the vehicles at the four way road will be heavy and the traffic
lights shall be changed to each side for some fixed time. Even
though there are no vehicles at particular side the traffic signal
will glow for given fixed time. Due to that there is time waste
process. Due to this other side vehicles have to wait for the time
to complete the process. So to reduce the wastes of the time
we can implement the system that control the traffic based on
heavy flow of vehicles at any particular side.
 
 Solution
We have to place one IR sensor on every road; where the sensor
always senses the traffic on that specific road. All these sensors
are interfaced to the Arduino. Based on the sensors, Arduino
detects the traffic and controls the traffic system.
 

 Project Setup
 
 Aim
 To Make The Density Based Traffic Signals.

 
 Requirement
 
o Arduino Mega 2560

o 4 X HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors

o 4 X Red LEDs

o 4 X Green LEDs

o 4 X Yellow LEDs

o 12 X 220 ohm resistors

o Jumper cables
o Breadboards

 Theory

Arduino is the main part of this project and it will be


used to read from ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and
calculate the distance. This distance will tell us if any
vehicle is near the signal or not and according to that the
traffic signals will be controlled.
The main task was to avoid use of delay because we
have to continuously read from the ultrasonic sensors and
also at the same time, we have to control signals which
requires the use of delay function.

 Procedure

Connect three IR sensors on each road. Connect LEDs to the


digital pins of the Arduino. Arrange all the LED's same as
Traffic lights. particular path by glowing GREEN light.

 
 Working
The working of the project is divided into three steps

o If there is traffic at all the signals, then the system


will work normally by controlling the signals one by
one.

o If there is no traffic near a signal, then the system will


skip this signal and will move on to the next one. For
example, if there is no vehicle at signal 2, 3 and
currently the system is allowing vehicles at signal 1 to
pass. Then after signal 1, the system will move on to
signal 4 skipping signal 2 and 3.

o If there is no traffic at all the 4 signals, system will


stop at the current signal and will only move on the
next signal if there will be traffic at any other signal.
 

 Result

Density based traffic signal will control the traffic where the
number of vehicles are more than the other sides of roads.
 Applications

We can avoid unnecessary occurrence of traffic jams which


causes public in convenience. We can save considerable
amount of time Density based traffic light control have many
advantages compared to time based traffic control.
The intelligent work which is done by traffic inspector will be
perfectly done by the Arduino in the circuit with the help
of sensors and the program which is coded to the Arduino .
There is no need of traffic inspector at the junctions for
supervising the traffic to run smoothly.
 
 
 Timeline

1. Its start from thought of traffic problem and its


consequences and make a idea to work on this project to
resolve this problem.
2. We make a team and discuss about this project.
3. Then make a report and document of this project.
4. Collect the materials and waste accommodation wherever it
is possible to use and try to make it more cheaper.
5. Study books of Arduino and density based traffic signal
and search concept in Wikipedia and Youtube.

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