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Senior High School

General Physics 2
Second Semester - Quarter 3
Temperature vs. Resistance
General Physics 2 – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Semester- Quarter 3 - Temperature vs. Resistance
First Edition, 2021

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 Senior High School

General Physics 2
Second Semester - Quarter 3
Temperature vs. Resistance
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At
the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to be familiar with the effect of temperature on the
resistance of a metallic conductor. Various activities such as drills/experiments for you
to perform are provided to strengthen your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
Describe the effect of temperature increase on the resistance of a metallic conductor.
Specifically you will be able to:
1. describe the effect of temperature on the resistance of the conductor;
2. draw the proportionality relationship between temperature and resistance through
a graph; and
3. evaluate the relationship of temperature to the resistance of conductor and
insulator.

What I Know

Directions. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Resistance is measured in ___.

A. ampere C. watt
B. ohm D. volt
2. It is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons.
A. circuit C. resistance
B. current D. voltage
3. It is the unit to measure the resistivity of a wire.
A. ampere C. second
B. ohm D. volt
4. Which of the following situations below can make the materials to have a high electrical
resistance ?
A. less length
B. high current
C. less temperature
D. high temperature
5. Which situation will result when the conductor have high temperature?
A. low resistance
B. high resistance
C. same resistance
D. it does not affect the resistance

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6. Which of the following effect does a hotter temperature have on resistance?
A. no effect
B. stays the same
C. increase resistance
D. decrease resistance
7. What happens to the resistance of a metallic conductor if the temperature increases
twice?
A. decrease twice
B. increases once
C. increases twice
D. decreases once
8.When can we say that the material has positive temperature coefficient?
A. the resistance increases with a decrease in temperature
B. the resistance decreases with a decrease in temperature
C. the resistance increases with an increase in temperature
D. the resistance decreases with an increase in temperature
9. When can we say that the material has negative temperature coefficient?
A. the resistance rise with a decrease in temperature
B. the resistance falls with a decrease in temperature
C. the resistance rise with an increase in temperature
D. the resistance falls with an increase in temperature
10. It refers to the movement of electrons from one atom to another under the influence of
an electric field.
A. current
B. resistance
C. temperature
D. voltage
11. This refers to very small negatively charged particles.
A. atoms
B. electricity
C. electrons
D. protons
12. Which of the following is NOT the effect of heat on the atomic structure of a material?
A. atoms vibrate
B. increase resistance
C. increase temperature
D. atoms collide one another
13. The resistance of a metallic conductor increases with temperature due to_______.
A. change in carrier density
B. change in the dimension of the conductor
C. increase in the number of collision s among carriers
D. increase in the rate of collisions between carriers and the vibrating atoms
14. With increase in temperature, the insulating property of the material _______.
A. gains C. no effect
B. weakens D. remains unchanged
15. Which of the following does NOT have positive temperature coefficient?
A. Alloy C. Metal
B. Copper D. Silicon

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What’s In

Hello there! In the previous module, you

have learned to apply the relationship of
charge = current x time to new situations
or to solve related problems. Let us have
a short review.

Q = It
Calculate the Chargers:
1. A 3A current flows around a circuit for 30s.
_____________________________________
2. A 2.5A current flows for 50s through a resistor.
______________________________________
3. A light is turned on for 3 minutes. A current flows
of 0.3A flows for this time.
______________________________________
4. A lighting rig for a One Direction gig runs for 60
minutes. It draws 10A.
______________________________________
5. A 10mA current flows for half a minute.
______________________________________

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 What’s New

Study the pictures carefully. Analyze each situation so that you can have a clear
knowledge of the lesson in this module.
A circuit connects a 3V lamp with iron wire to two 1.5V batteries. The circuit also
contains a ceramic spool around which a section of the wire is wrapped. Underneath
the spool is a Bunsen burner to heat the wire.

1.5V batteries

Figure 1: Heating the wire increases

ceramic spool resistivity. Increasing resistivity
decreases current flow to the lamp,
eventually causing it to stop lighting.

Bunsen burner

3V lamp

1.5V batteries

ceramic spool Figure 2: As the wire cools,

resistance decreases and current
flow resumes, allowing the lamp to
Bunsen burner relight.

3V lamp

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 TEMPERATURE VS. RESISTANCE

What Is It

A conductor is any material that will allow an electrical current to flow through it. The
ability of any conductor in an electrical circuit to pass current depends on its electrical
RESISTANCE. Resistance is the ability to OPPOSE the flow of electric current.
The resistance of a conductor changes with the size of the conductor (e.g. thicker
wires have less resistance to current flow than thinner wires). The resistance of a conductor
also changes with changing temperature. This may be expected to happen because, as
temperature changes, the dimensions of the conductor will change as it expands or
contracts.

Materials that are classified as CONDUCTORS

tend to INCREASE their resistance with an
Resistance

increase in temperature as what the graph in

figure 3 shows.
As the temperature increases the resistance of
nickel, copper and platinum (conductors) also
increases. Temperature

Reference: https://circuitglobe.com/resistance-thermometer.html

Figure 3: Graphical representation of temperature

vs. resistance of nickel, copper and platinum.

INSULATORS on the other hand, are tend to

DECREASE their resistance with an increase in
temperature. As the graph in figure 4 shows. As
temperature increases the resistance decreases.
Materials used for practical Insulators
(glass, plastic etc.) only exhibit a marked drop in
their resistance at very high temperatures. They
remain good insulators over all temperatures
they are likely to encounter in use.

Figure 4: Graphical representation of temperature

vs. resistance of an INSULATOR.

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 The changes in resistance cannot therefore be explained by a change in
dimensions due to thermal expansion or contraction. In fact, for a given size of conductor
the change in resistance is due mainly to a change in the resistivity of the material, and is
caused by the changing activity of the atoms that make up the material. The effect of
heat on the atomic structure of a material is to make the atoms vibrate, and the higher
the temperature, the more violently the atoms vibrate. In a conductor, which already has
a large number of free electrons flowing through it, the vibration of the atoms causes
many collisions between the free electrons and the captive electrons. Each collision uses
up some energy from the free electron and is the basic cause of resistance. The more
the atoms jostle around in the material, the more collisions are cause and hence the
greater the resistance to current flow.
In an insulator, however, there is a slightly different situation. There are so few free
electrons that hardly any current can flow. Some of the electrons are tightly bound within
their particular atom. Heating an insulating material vibrates the atoms, and if heated
sufficiently, the atoms vibrate violently enough to shake some of their captive electrons
free, creating free electrons to become carriers of current. Therefore at high
temperatures, the resistance of an insulator can fall, and in some insulating materials,
quite dramatically. In a material where the resistance INCREASES with an increase in
temperature, the material is said to have a POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
(PTC).

Figure 5: Examples of thermistor a conductor

with Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC)
used in electronic devices

When resistance FALLS with an increase in temperature, the material is said to have
a NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT.
In general, conductors have a POSITIVE temperature coefficient, while (at high
temperatures) insulators have a NEGATIVE temperature coefficient.
Different materials within either group have different temperature coefficients.
Materials chosen for the construction of the resistors used in electronic circuits are carefully
selected conductors that have a very low positive temperature coefficient. In use, resistors
made from such materials will have only very slight increases in resistivity, and therefore
their resistance. Using such materials for the manufacture of resistors creates components
whose value changes only slightly over a given range of temperature.
Materials chosen as insulators will have a very low NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT (NTC) over their working range of temperature.

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 What’s More

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
From the given graph below, determine the values of resistance in relation to
temperature.

1. At 340 K temperature, resistance is _____________.

2. At 380 K temperature, resistance is _____________.

3. At 410 K temperature, resistance is _____________.

4. At 420K temperature, resistance is _____________.

5. The relationship of temperature and resistance of a conductor is

_________________.

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INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1
Plot the given values of resistance and temperature of a conductor using a graphing
paper. The values given show that for every 5K temperature increase there is a 0.02 ohm
increase in resistance.

Temperature (K) Resistance (ohm)

405 1.59
410 1.61
415 1.63
420 1.65
425 1.67
430 1.69

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Predict the resistance if copper increases at 0.01965 ohm for every 5K increase in
temperature. Base your preceding answer on the first given resistance at 335K.
Temperature (K) Resistance (ohm)
330 1.29000
335 1.31655
340 1.______
345 2.______
350 3.______
355 4.______
360 5.______

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2
Plot in the graph the temperature and resistance of copper in the activity above. Use a
graphing paper.
TEMPERATURE

RESISTANCE

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INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3
The resistivity (nΩ.m) of copper is given at given temperature K. Complete the table
by analyzing and looking at the graph.

Temperature Resistivity
K (nΩ.m)
200 1. ________

2. _____ 30

300 3. _______

500 4. _______

900 5. _______

1. What happen to the resistivity if temperature increases?

________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you describe the relationship of resistance and as the temperature of copper
increases?
________________________________________________________________________

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3
If the resistance of an insulator decreases by 0.03 ohm for every 2K increase in
temperature. Predict the resistance from 20K to 30K.
Temperature Resistance
K ohm
20 1.0

22 1._______

24 2._______

26 3._______

28 4._______

30 5._______

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Answer the following questions.

1. What do you think will happen to the resistance of an insulator if temperature

increases?

2.What do you think will happen to the temperature if the resistance of an insulator
decreases?

3. Describe the relationship of temperature to the resistance of an insulator?

What I Have Learned

Complete the sentence.

Materials that are classified as 1. ________________________________ tend to

2. ______________________ their resistance with an 3. _________________ in
temperature. 4. _______________________________ however are liable to
5. ____________________their resistance with an increase in temperature.

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 What I Can Do

You have the option to answer or not to answer this problem. You can search on the
web, or you can ask someone to help you.

Research on the following:

1. Why copper is the best material to be used for electrical wirings?
2. Why do cars do not start immediately during cold weather?

Assessment

Directions. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the unit for temperature?

A. Ampere C. Ohm
B. Kelvin D. Voltage
2. What is the relationship of temperature and resistance of a conductor?
A. stay the same C. directly proportional
B. no relationship D. inversely proportional
3. What effect does colder temperature have on resistance?
A. no effect C. increase resistance
B. stays the same D. decrease resistance
4. What does the effect of temperature on the resistance of an insulator increase?
A. no effect
B. opposite effect
C. positive temperature coefficient
D. negative temperature coefficient
5. The resistance of a metallic conductor decreases with temperature due to?
A. change in carrier density
B. change in the dimension of the conductor
C. decrease in the number of collision s among carriers
D. decrease in the rate of collisions between carriers and the vibrating atoms
6. For the materials to have a high electrical resistance, what temperature is needed?
A. high B. less C. negative D. positive
7. With the decrease in temperature, the insulating property of the material?
A. gains C. no effect
B. weakens D. remains unchanged no effect
8. Which of the following has a positive temperature coefficient?
A. copper B. plastic C. rubber D. silicon

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9. What does it mean If material has a positive temperature coefficient?
A. the resistance increases with a decrease in temperature
B. the resistance increases with an increase in temperature
C. the resistance decreases with a decrease in temperature
D. the resistance decreases with an increase in temperature

For items 10—15, refer to the given graph below.

Image is from https://

circuitglobe.com/resistance-
thermometer.html

10. Which of the following has higher resistance at approximately 400K?

A. copper B. nickel C. platinum D. none
11. Which of the following has higher resistance at approximately 800K?
A. copper B. nickel C. platinum D. none
12. Which of the following has higher resistance at approximately 1000K?
A. copper B. nickel C. platinum D. none
13. At which temperature does platinum have the resistance of 2 ohms?
A. 400K B. 600K C. 800K D. 1000K
14. At which temperature does cooper have the resistance of 3 ohms?
A. 400K B. 600K C. 800K D. 1000K
15. Which solid conductor shows the highest resistance?
A. copper B. nickel C. platinum D. none

Additional Activities

Answer the given problem:

You have 100 feet of 20 gauge wire and its resistance is 1.015 ohms at 20° C
(room temp). If the temperature of the wire goes up 10°C, the resistance will change
by 0.0399 ohms. Find the new resistance.

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 14
Independent activity 2 What I Know
1. B 11. C
2. C 12. C
3. B 13. D
4. D 14. B
5. B 15. A
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. A
What’s In
1. 90 A.s
2. 125 A.s
3. 0.9 A.m
Independent Assessment 2 4. 600 A.m
5. 5 mA.m
Independent activity 1
1. 0.5 ohm
2. 1.10 ohm
3. 1.55 ohm
4. 1.70 ohm
5. directly proportional
Independent assessment 1
What I Have Learned
Materials that are classed as CONDUCTORS tend to
INCREASE their resistance with an increase in temperature.
INSULATORS however are liable to DECREASE their re-
sistance with an increase in temperature.
What I Can Do
Answer may vary
Assessment Independent Activity 3
1. B 6. A 11. A 1. 10
2. C 7. B 12. A 2. 500
3. D 8. A 13. B
4. D 9. B 14. C 3. 20
5. D 10. B 15. B
4. 30
Additional Activities
5. 60
(10 degrees * 0.00393 per degree * 1.015 ohms = 0.0399
ohms). Independent Assessment 3
1. 1.03 2. 1.06 3. 1.09 4. 1.12
5. 1.15
Answer Key
References
Dapul, Gian Karlo R. and Maria Kristina Salazar. Edited by Clarisa C. Avila and Nathaniel
P. Hermosa, Ph.D. Teaching Guide for Senior High School in Physical Science.
Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education. 2016.

Eric Coates MA BSc. (Hons). Temperature Effects on Resistance. Last modified July 8,
2020. www.learnabout-electronics.org

Giancoli, Edmund F., Physics Fifth Edition. Rex Bookstore 2016

Solis, Michael Reuben C., Mark Nolan P. Confesor, Ph.D., Junius Andre F. Balista, Ph.D.,
and Marissa G. Pastor, Ph.D. Teaching Guide for Senior High School in General
Chemistry 1. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education. 2016.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph