Preface: Seven

Preface
Instrumental English for Banking and Finance has been written for the student
who works in the sphere of banking and Finance. This textbook is designed to give the
student an introduction to English banking and financial terminology, while at the same
time reviewing some of the more important grammatical structures of the language.
The book is divided into two sections of seven lessons each. The first section
covers basic banking procedures the second section deals with investment, and
international banking and finance. This broad range of topics should meet the English
language needs of people working across the whole spectrum of banking. An appendix of
numbers and dates has also been provided as a reference for the student.
Each of the twelve lessons of this book is centered on a different aspect of banking
or finance, and provides numerous exercises, both structural and communicative, in
which the learner practices the new vocabulary and grammatical points introduced in the
lesson. Some lesson also contain supplementary readings (the reading plus sections)
which give the student the opportunity to read authentic maturational banking and
international monetary arrangements in selecting topics for this book, in order to better
meet the varied needs of our students.
We hope that instrumental of English for banking and finance will address those
students of English who want to review and expand their command of the basic patterns
of the language, while at the same time acquiring vocabulary that is closely related to
their professional interests and concerns. This book will give them the knowledge and
skills they need to use English successfully in the areas of banking and finance, and will
provide them with a solid basis for more advanced study.
Contents page
Unit 1 BANKS AND BANKING 1
Unit 2 WHY HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT? 5
Unit 3 CURRENT ACCOUNTS 9
Unit 4 SAVING BANKS 11
Unit 5 CHEQUE 16
Unit 6 MONEY 18
Unit 7 ELECTRONIC BANKING 20
Unit 8 BALANCE SHEET 24
Unit 9 COST ACCOUNTING 25
Unit 10 CORPORATE FINANCE 27
Unit 11 SPOT AND FORWARD EXCHANGE RATES 29
Unit 12 BALANCE OF PAYMENT 30
Unit 13 COMPANIES 33
VOCABULARY 35
ProFIT 3 English for Banking and Finance
BANKS AND BANKING
Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy.
They often cooperate with governments in efforts to stabilize economics and prevent
inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds
on credit. Banks originated as place to which people took their valuables for safe-
keeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting
as guardians of valuable private possession.
Banks normally receive money from their customers in two distinct forms on
current account and on deposit account. With a current account, a customer can issue
personal cheques. No interest is paid by the bank on this type of account. With a deposit
account, however, the customer undertakes to leave his money in the bank for a
minimum specified period of time. Interest is paid on his money.
The bank in turn lends the deposited money to customers who need capital. This
activity earns interest for the bank, and this interest is almost always at a higher rate than
any interest which the bank pays to its depositors. In this way, the bank makes its main
profits.
We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary
between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish
to obtain capital. The bank is a reservoir of loan able money, with streams of money
flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often talk of money being
liquid, or of the liquidity of money. Many small sums which might not otherwise be used
as capital are rendered useful simply because the bank acts as a reservoir.
The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust. Innumerable acts of trust build
up the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part. They all agree to
behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other and in relation to rapid
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fluctuations of credit and debit. Consequently, business can be done and cheques can be
written without any legal tender visibly changing hands.
A. Find word or phrase in the text to fill in the blank, changing its form if
necessary:
1. The………….. ……………. …………… ……………… creates money
inflow.
2. Situation when money loses its value is seen as ……………………..
3. We need to ……………..with each other to win the tough competition.
4. Our business is ………………… and rather good at present.
5. The board of directors has to be careful in …………… funds to each type of
products to get highest efficiency.
6. ……………. ……………… are the things an individual has?
7. A current account is ……………form a deposit account is that the former pays
no interest while letter pays interest.
8. A broker is an ………………. between a seller and a buyer.
9. …………………. refers to the ability of changing assets into cash.
10. The amounts which have been ……………… …………… for past year have
not been distributed to shareholders.
Today’s exchange rates
CURRENCY SYMBOL BUYING RATE SELLING RATE
American dollar $ 7988 8028

Euro cents € 11445 11503
Pound sterling £ 12915 13173
Australian Dollar A$ 8202 8366
Canadian dollar C$ 8055 8216
Japan yen ¥ 100 102
Singapore dollar S$ 6671 6805
Vietnam Dong xu D 0376 0384
Thailand Baht Bt 267 269
China Yuan fen Y 1216 1232
Korea won KW 7.33 7.42
Foreign exchange
I´d like to change some Kip into US dollars.
Cashier: Hi. May I help you?

Mrs. Somchai: Yes. What´s the buying rate for US Dollar?
Cashier: 8250kip to the US Dollar.
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Mrs. Somchai: Okay. I´d like to change some kip into US dollars, please.
Cashier: Sure. How much would you like to change?
Mrs. Somchai:Six hundred dollars.
Cashier: Very good. May I see your passport?
Mrs. Somchai:Here you are.
Cashier: How would you like your bills?
Mrs. Somchai:In fifties please.
B. Fill in each blank with a suitable phrase below:
on credit, in efforts to, in addition to, in relation to, rest upon a basis of
1. The activity of a bank …………… …………….. ………………..

……………. ……………… innumerable acts of trust.
2. With a credit card, the card holders can buy goods …………… ………….
3. We all are ……………. …………….. ……………….. overcome the
problem.
4. Rate of exchange is the value of one unit of one currency ……………
……………. ………………… another currency.
5. Nowadays, …………….. ………………… ………………. providing
banking services, banks also make available for their customers non-banking
services.
C. Answer the questions:

1. What is a bank?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Where do banks often get money for themselves?
……………………………………………………………………
3. What is the difference between a current and deposit account?
.........................................................................................................
4. What are the main profits made by a bank?
……………………………………………………………………
5. What is the primary function of a bank?
……………………………………………………………………
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WHY HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT?

MONEY
I. What are you going to do with your grant?
A. put it under the mattress, or

B. put it into a bank account
 These are some advantages of having a bank account:
• SECURITY – No need to carry or keep at home large amounts of cash.
• CONVENIENCE – With a current account you can pay by cheque in

restaurants, shops and petrol stations. No embarrassing shortages of cash.
• INVESTMENT – In a deposit account your money works for you and earns
interest, at the moment 16% a year. A much better way of saving than under the
mattress!
• LOANS – Want to buy something special? Not enough money? the bank may be
able to lend you some.
• ADVICE – Do you have difficulty organizing your finances? The bank is there
to help and advice.
• TRAVEL FACILITIES – Going abroad? The bank can arrange travelers

cheques and foreign currency. Shops and banks in many European countries now
accept your normal cheques as Eurocheques.
• ARRANGE THE FUTURE – When the time comes, the bank can help you
with all the big money problems like buying a house or running a business.
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A. Comprehension:
1. With an Eurocheque account you can

a. earn 11% interest a year
b. borrow money from the bank
c. start a business
d. get cash from the banks in other European countries
2. What are the two advantages from this list of having a bank account?
a. it is safer than keeping money at home
b. the bank will give you cheques from banks in other countries
c. you don’t have to organize your finances
d. you may able to borrow money from the bank
B. Hidden word puzzle:

Fill in the answer to find the missing word.
CLUES
1. Ready money
2. Safety
3. If you have money problems, the bank will talk to you and give you…………
4. Money which the bank lends you
5. Sum
6. Positive point
7. When there is a ……. of something it means you haven’t got enough
HIDDEN WORD
1 C
2 S K K K K K
3 A K
4 L
5 A
6 A
7 S
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C. Banking services:
What type of banking do the following people need?
1. Peter Baker a young computer programmer, wants to buy a car, but doesn’t have
enough money
………………………………………………………………………………
2. Nigel Major, a businessman, travels around the country and needs to pay a lot of
people ………………………………………………………………………………
3. Susan Calvin, a doctor, is going on holiday to Greece in summer
.………………………………………………………………………………
4. David Wheeler and Jane Pettigrew are going to get married next month
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Daniel Johns has just left college and wants to start a garage business
………………………………………………………………………………
6. Rosie Plant has just inherited $2.000 from her aunt
………………………………………………………………………………
D. Answer the questions:
1. If all my money is in the bank, how can you pay in shops and restaurants?
………………………………………………………………………………
2. How can a bank account help me to earn money?
………………………………………………………………………………
3. How can a bank help me if I want to go abroad?
………………………………………………………………………………
4. How can a bank help me to arrange my future?
………………………………………………………………………………
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II. Opening an account

- When you open a bank account you must give the names and addresses of two
people to the bank. These people are asked to write a short letter, called a reference,
about your character.
- In England you can open a bank account with as little as £1. Two people can
open an account together. This is called a joint account.
- The bank asks for an example of your signature, called a specimen signature.
- You pay the bank a commission or account charge for their services. In some
banks, if you keep a certain amount of credit in your account, these services are free of
charge.
A. True or false?
Look at the statements below and () if you think they are true or false. Can you
correct the false statement?
T F
1. You do not have to put any money into your account
when you first open it.
2. The bank charges a commission for its services.
3. It is not possible to share an account with someone.
4. You need two references to open a bank account.
B. Hidden word puzzle:
C. Giving instructions:
A bank clerk is giving a customer instructions about where to write certain
information on a form like this:
THE INFORMATION IS: 17 April 2002

THE CLERK SAYS: Could you put it in the place where it says “ date” please?
Look at the other phrases you can use and then give similar instructions for
the information listed below:
1. 0649973 …………………………………………………………………….......
2. Two £10 notes and three £5 notes
…………………………………………...............................................
3. One 50p coin
………………………………………………………………...............
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4. Sidney street, Oxford

………………………………………………………………………
5. Kerin Whitman
………………………………………………………………………
6. £35.50 ………………………………………………………………………
D. Write questions: Write question using the following notes. Can you answer your
questions?
1. What/ you/ give/ bank/ when/ open/ bank account?

………………………………………………………………………
2. How much/ need/ open/ bank account/ England?
………………………………………………………………………
3. What/ example/ signature/ called?
………………………………………………………………………
4. What/ pay/ bank/ services?
………………………………………………………………………
5. How/ get/ services/ free/ charge?
………………………………………………………………………
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CURRENT ACCOUNTS
A current account, known as checking account in USA, is the most popular bank
account. It provides both safety and convenience. Like any other type of bank account, it
is safe because the account holders do not need to carry cash, which can be easily lost or
stolen. It is also convenient since the holders are given a cheque book – a small booklet
full of cheques to pay their daily bills easily and to withdraw money from their accounts.
Moreover, current account holders may be provided with a cash card, which can be used
to withdraw money from their accounts by using ATMs (Automated Teller Machines)
and a debit card used to pay for goods or services through auto-payment system without
making out a cheque.
However, current accounts do not usually pay interest since money on this is
usually demand deposit, which can be withdrawn at any time. This does not allow banks
to use this deposit to lend out with interest to these who need capital.
Current account holders can overdraw their accounts up to a limit called agreed
overdraft limit. Sometimes customers write a cheque for more money than they have in
their account. This is called bouncing a cheque. And if a current account holder bounces
a cheque the bank usually charges a bounced cheque fee. This is necessary to prevent the
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holders from writing bad cheques. However, in practice, banks usually require that the
holders keep a minimum amount of money in the account. This guarantees that the
banker will at least be able to lend out a certain amount with interest to pay the costs of
processing cheques. If the depositors withdraw money and the balance falls below the
minimum the bank will then charge a service charge a small fee each month.
A. Choose the best answer:

1. using a bank account is:
a. safe b. convenient c. both a and b
2. Using a current account is:
a. safe b. convenient c. both a and b
3. A current account is similar to:
a. checking account b. savings account
c. both a and b
4. A current account is the same as a checking account. But current account
is used in the ……… while checking account is used in the …………
a. US b. US and UK c. UK and US
5. Current account holders can receive:
a. a cheque book b. a debit card c. both a and b
6. When withdrawing by cash card, you:
a. need to write a cheque
b. do not need to write a cheque
c. need to find an ATM and to write a cheque
d. need to find an ATM and do not need to write a cheque
7. A current account holder usually gets:
a. interest b. no interest c. fee d. no fee
8. Banks usually pay no interest on current accounts because:
a. they can use the balance to lend out written interest
b. they can not use the balance to lend out written interest
c. they can use the balance to borrow money with interest
d. they can not use the balance to borrow money with interest
9. Agreed overdraft limit means:
a. the minimum amount a current account holder can overdraw
b. the maximum amount a current account holder can overdraw
c. the minimum amount a current account holder can overdraw, which is
between the holder and the manager
d. the maximum amount a current account holder can overdraw, which is
between the holder and the manager
10. A current account holder has to pay a monthly service charge when:
a. he withdraws money from his account
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b. he withdraws money from another’s account

c. he withdraws to leave the balance smaller than the minimum
d. he withdraws to leave the balance larger than the minimum
B. find word or phrase in the text to fill in the blanks:

1. ……………….. ………………. can reduce much paperwork and makes
the payment simple and faster.
2. every morning our ATMs are …………….. …………….. money to
meet the customer’s withdrawals.
3. when money is lent or borrowed, …………… …………. is always
calculated.
4. the opposite of in theory is …………… ……………
5. to avoid writing ………….. ……………., banks usually charge a fee.
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SAVING BANKS
Vocabulary:
to fill out – to write the necessary information

If you want to deposit money you have to fill out a deposit slip.
If you want to withdraw money you have to fill out a withdraw slip.
to sign – to write one’s name
Please sign on the last line of the slip.
signature – a person’s name written by himself
The bank requires the depositor’s signature for all withdrawals.
rate – amount or percentage (%)
“What is the current rate of interest on savings accounts?”
“the bank pays 51/2% interest a year.”
Term deposit accounts pay higher interest rates than regular savings accounts.
computer – an electronic machine that does difficult mathematical operations and that
has a memory
Modern banking depends on computers to perform (do) complex operations.
to accommodate – to take care of, attend to, help
There was a delay in accommodating the customers because the computer broke
down.
Assets – everything that a company or bank owns and that has value (worth)
Current assets – assets that can be turned readily into cash
Fixed assets – land, building, equipment
The assets of our bank are over 10,500,000.
Liabilities – money owed by a company or bank
balance sheet – a statement of a company’s assets and liabilities
to owe – to have to pay money
solvent – being able to pay all money that you owe
Since his firm’s assets equal the liabilities, his firm is solvent.
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Vocabulary practice
Select the answer that correctly completes each sentence
1. an account that two or more people hold is a ________

a. joint account b. term deposit account c. savings account
2. in order to withdraw money the bank requires your _________
a. deposit b. interest c. signature
3. the bank records all transactions of an account in the customer’s ________
a. withdrawal slip b. assets c. passbook
4. many banks work with so many different customers and accounts that they need
__________ to record all transactions
a. deposit slip b. computers c. parties
5. you have to ____ your check in order to cash it.
a. withdraw b. endorse c. accommodate
A BANK MANAGER SPEAKS

My name is Jane Carson and I am the manager of a saving bank in Portland,
Oregon. My bank opens every day from 8.30 in the morning until 4.00 in the afternoon.
On Friday the bank remains open until 6.30 in the evening. Friday is our busiest day.
Many people get their paychecks on Fridays and they come in to deposit them. I find that
on Friday I have to keep six windows open all day long. My bank tries hard to reduce the
amount of their time that the customers have to wait for service. We have many signs to
remind people that they need their passbooks for all transactions and that they must fill
out their deposit or withdrawal slips completely. If our depositors cooperate with us we
can accommodate them with as few delays as possible.
Of course, people do forget. The tellers inform me that many customers still forget
to endorse their checks or try to open or close joint accounts with the signature of only
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one of the parties. But I hope that my program of information of customers will reduce
such delays.
Banking has changed a lot in recent years. Computers now do much of the work
that the tellers used to do. As computers improve, they are able to accomplish the most
difficult task and they help us serve our customers better.
Another important change in banking, especially for saving banks, are the many
different term deposit accounts that are available to our customers. Since this certificates
of deposit offer high interest rates they help attract deposits to our bank. I make sure that
our staff always has the latest information about these accounts so that they can advise
our depositors correctly. My bank is not a very large bank. The total of our current assets
and fixed assets comes to 15.550.000 dollars. I am proud to our balance sheet. Although
some banks across the country are having difficulties. My bank has more assets than
liabilities. We are solvent and growing. The number of customers we serve has increased
this year and I expect that it will continue to grow in the future.
Comprehension check
A. State whether each sentence is true or false based on the reading.
1. Jane Carson’s bank closes at 3:00 P.M on Fridays.
2. Fridays are very busy days at Jane Carson’s bank
3. Ms. Carson has an information program for customers.
4. Computers and term deposit accounts have brought changes to banks.
5. Jane Carson’s bank has more liabilities than assets.
B. Answer the following questions orally.

1. What does a bank manager do?
2. How many windows are opened on Fridays?
3. Why do they need so many windows on Fridays?
4. What are some of the ways in which customers cause delays?
5. What does a depositor have to do to open or close a joint account?
6. Why are computers important to a bank?
7. How do term-deposit accounts help a bank get new customers?
8. Why does the bank manager want her staff to have the latest information on term
deposit accounts?
9. How much money does Jane Carson’s bank have in assets?
10. Why is Ms. Carson hopeful about the future of her bank?
C. Composition makes a list of the most important aspects of Jane Carson’s job.
Building your vocabulary:

A. Matching: Find the words in the right hand column that match the words
closest in meaning in the left hand column.
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1. percentage a. savings
2. customer of a bank b. joint account
3. person’s written name c. rate
4. money owed d. slip
5. two party account e. delay
6. director f. account
7. piece of paper g. manager
8. money in the bank h. depositor
9. record(noun) i. signature
10. lateness j. liabilities
B. Rewriting sentence: Rewrite each of the following sentences replacing the

underlined word or words with correct form of one of the new words of this
lesson:
Model: Please write the necessary information on this form.
Please fill out this form.
1. Please write your name on this slip.

2. The bank tries to take care of all its depositors.
3. I must take out fifty dollars today.
4. Please sign the back of this check.
5. Which bank offers a higher percentage of interest?
Grammar:
I. PRESENT TENSE – negatives, questions
I deposit money.
You don’t fill out a deposit slip.
We close an account.
They doesn’t have a saving account.
He go to the bank on Monday.
She
I
Do you deposit money?
we fill out a deposit slip?
the customer close an account?
Does he have a saving account?
she go to the bank on Monday?
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Structure practice:
A. Make each sentence negative by adding don’t or doesn’t.
Example: Mary works in a bank.
Mary doesn’t work in a bank.
1. I deposit my paycheck on Fridays
2. The customer endorses his check.
3. We fill out a deposit slip.
4. The manager helps you open an account.
5. We save a lot of money.
B. Now make each of the statements in exercise A into questions using do or
does.
Example: Mary works in a bank.
Does Mary work in a bank?
II. PAST TENSE – negatives and questions
I
You have a good day
He fill out a slip.
She didn’t withdraw any money.
We open a savings account.
They forget to endorse the check.
The teller forget to endorse the check.
I
you bring the passbook?
he make a deposit?
Did she get the necessary signature?
we speak with the teller?
they deposit last week’s check?
the manager
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Structure practice:
C. Make the following sentences negative using didn’t. Remember to change the
form of verb from past to infinitive.
Example: Mary worked in a bank.
Mary didn’t work in a bank.
1. The customer deposited a lot of money.

2. Mrs. Allen closed her account.
3. The depositor endorsed his paycheck.
4. Mr. Robinson’s wife signed the slip.
5. The computers caused a delay.
D. Now make each of the statements in exercise A into questions using did
Example: Mary worked in a bank.

Did Mary work in a bank?
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CHEQUE
22-33-44
LLOYDS BANK 5th August 2011
Newcastle Branch – 38 High St. Newcastle
Pay: Thongsouk Sahara or order

ໜ
ຶ່ ງຮ
້ ອຍຫ
້ າສ
ິ ບພັນກ
ີ ບຖ
້ ວນ Kip150.000.00
ມານ
ີ ລາ
Liods bank
R. Maddingly
000337 223344 34654332
A cheque is an order by the accountholder to withdraw funds from his account,

either in cash or through payment to another party.
Cheques provide both safety and convenience. A cheque is a non-cash payment
instrument, i.e customers do not need to carry large amount of cash with them, which is
easy to be lost or stolen. In addition, a cheque is only valid when it is signed by the
account holder and is secured by a cheque card so your money can not be withdrawn
from your account if someone finds your cheque book. Using cheques is convenient
because they are easy to use. The account holder can draw a cheque anywhere without
going to the bank such as in shops, supermarkets, restaurants, hotels and so on.
When drawing a cheque, it is obligatory to complete all. The drawer must write
cheques in ink and avoid as many blanks as possible for fraudulence and use the ruler to
cross out any blanks. In the case of a blank cheque book being used, all the cheques need
to be crossed, with “not negotiable”. If the cheque is corrected or changed, the drawer
must initial the correction in addition to his usual signature. In effect, a cheque presented
will be honored if there is enough money in the drawer’s account.
Different types of cheque books are supplied to account holders free of charge
according to their requirements either with or without stubs, bearer or order, crossed or
uncrossed.
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Cheque books can be sent to account holder by registered post, or may be given to
the account holder at the counter against his signed receipt.
Cheque books are considered as security documents in view of danger of their
misuse by persons trying to commit fraud.
A. Find words or phrases in the text which have the meanings as follows:
1. a person who has an account with a bank.
2. to take money out of an account
3. payments in which cash is not used
4. to fill in
5. space where nothing is written or printed
6. dishonest in doing something
7. not transferable
8. sign with the first letter of surname and first name
9. to pay cash for the cheque or the payee’s account is credited when the cheque is
presented
10. use something in a wrong way
B. True or false or not given statements

1. Customers can use cheques to withdraw money from their accounts.
2. If you lose your cheque book, you will certainly lose money.
3. There are two signatures of the drawer on a cheque which is corrected or
changed.
4. Blank cheques must be crossed cheques.
5. The account holders need to pay for a cheque book.
6. A cheque book may or may not have counterfoil.
7. Using cheques for payment is completely safe.
8. If there is not enough money in the drawer’s account, the cheque is seen as an
incorrectly made out cheque.
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C. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a cheque?
...................................................................................................
2. What are the advantages of using cheques?
…………………………………………………………………
3. How should an account holder draw a cheque?
…………………………………………………………………
4. What is the role of a cheque card?
…………………………………………………………………
5. How many types of cheques are mentioned in the text? What are they?
……………………………………...........................................
D. Fill in a blank with a suitable word from the reading.

1. A person who draws a cheque is a _____________
2. A cheque is ______________ when it is signed by the account holder.
3. A cheque is guaranteed by a cheque ____________
4. If a cheque is corrected, the correction must be ___________ by the account
holder.
5. In reality, a cheque will not be ___________ unless there is enough money in
the drawer’s account.
6. The account holders can be provided with a cheque book free of ___________
7. We should not leave much ___________ when drawing cheques.
8. You need to sign ____________ when you receive your cheque book.
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MONEY
All value in economic system is measure in terms of money. Our goods and
services are sold in money, and that money is in turn exchanged for our goods and
services. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general
business. There is
additionally a wider sense
of the word money,
covering anything which
used as means of
exchange for whatever
from it may take.
Originally, a valuable metal (gold, silver and copper) serve as a constant store of value,
and even today American the dollars are technically backed by the store of gold which
the US government maintains. Because metal universally regarded as valuable metal,
national currencies are considered to be strong as the national economies which support
them.
Valuable metal has generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are issued
by government authorized bank, and are known as ‘legal tender’. Other arrangement such
as cheques and money orders are note legal tender. They perform function of substitute of
money and perform as ‘instrument of credit’. Credit is offered only when creditor believe
that they have good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instrument
at the bank or another authorized institution. If a man’s assets are known to be
considerable, and then his credit will be good. If his assets are in doubt, then it may be
difficult for him to obtain large sums of credit or even to pay for goods with a cheque.
The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange, or as economists put
it, its purchasing power. This purchasing power is dependent on supply and demand. The
demand for money is reckonable as the quantity needed to effect business transactions.
An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general
circulation. But the demand for money is related not only to the quantity of business but
also to the rapidity with which the business is done. The supply of money, on the other
hand, is the actual amount in notes and coins available for business purposes. If too much
money is available, its value decreases, and it does not buy as much as it did, say, five
years earlier. This condition is known as inflation.
- 18 -
A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with one of the phrases below:
in terms of, in turn, on the other hand, known as, as a mean of, in doubt
1. Each day two clerks of the branch ……… …….. arrive at 8.30 to open the bank
2. A current account ……… ……… a checking account in the US., provide both
security and convenience.
3. Bill of exchange is considered …….. ………. ……….. ……….. finance
4. Exchange rate is value of one currency……… ……….. ………… another
5. If you have something ……… ……………… about the account opening, ask
manager for more detail.
6. The owner’s capital is the most exposed from the capital …………. ………..
…………. …………….it can bring much profit for him in terms of prosperity.
B. Find word/phrases in the text which means:

1. money made from metal
2. money made from paper
3. an adverb from the verb ”add”
4. meaning
5. gold silver and copper
6. guaranteed by
7. worldwide
8. money issued by a bank with the government’s authorization
9. reasonable, much
10. ability of buying something
11. be calculated
12. speed
C. Answer the questions
1. What is money?
………………………………………………………………………………
2. What is considered as instruments of credit in this text?
………………………………………………………………………………
3. What do you mean by Good credit?
………………………………………………………………………………
4. What does demand for money affect?
………………………………………………………………………………
5. What is inflation?
………………………………………………………………………………
- 19 -
ELECTRONIC BANKING
Vocabulary practice:
Select the answer that correctly complete each sentence.
1. You can’t withdraw the money until the cheque _____

a. clears b. reduce c. retires
2. The last _______ recorded in the passbook is a deposit on September 28.
a. device b. term c. entry
3. The computers provide _______of bank transaction.
a. technology b. instant retrieval c. cheque truncation
4. I hope the credit department _______my loan application quickly.
a. processes b. projects c. itemizes
5. All these changes in banking procedures are _______
a. check safekeeping b. far-reaching c. handling
ELECTRONIC BANKING
Marta Conway, 65 years old, is retiring

from the job as a teller after 40 years of
services at a Bridgewater Saving Bank. She is
having lunch with Penny Nichols, a young
teller who has just started working at the bank.
Penny: Marta, you must know this bank better

than anyone. I’ll bet banking has changed a lot since you started working here .
Marta: You are so right, Penny. I have seen many changes in banking procedures
over the last 40 years. Sometimes it seems that the job I do now is nothing like the job
I did when I began my work here.
Penny: In what aspect of your job have you seen the greatest changes?
Marta: That is easy to answer. I think the most striking changes in banking over
the 40 years that I have seen here have come from technology. All the advances in
- 20 -
electronic banking have made being a teller different now from when I was a young
woman.
Penny: That is true the other new teller and I take things like computers for
granted, but if I think about it, that haven’t been around all that long.
Marta: That’s right. I can still remember when I wrote each new entry in a
customer’s passbook by hand. The computers now do all that at the press of a button.
Penny: What do you think about electronic funds transfer? Even for us younger
employees, it’s really new concept.
Marta: Well Penny, if someone had told me 40 years ago that people would be able
to do their banking without paper, I wouldn’t have believed it.
Penny: I know. And here where a customers transactions, such as deposits and
withdrawals, are recorded electronically and then stored in a computer’s memory.
When you have to check the records, the computer provides instant retrieval.
Marta: Those automatic teller machines have proved to be very useful, especially
for our customers. Now they have access to their accounts at anytime of the day or
night, 365 days a year. Since these devices are on the outside walls of banks,
customers can use their plastic cards and code numbers to deposit, withdraw or
transfer money from account to another even when the bank is closed.
Penny: These electronic funds transfer devices do safe us a lot of paperwork. And
think how much time automatic deposit save us!
Marta: Exactly. Now, not only social security benefits but also wages, salaries and
stock dividends can be automatically deposited into an account. The payer doesn’t
even have to write a check! Using EFT procedures, he notifies the bank electronically
to transfer the appropriate sum from his account to the payee’s account. And account
doesn’t even have to be at the same bank!
Penny: And EFT is really just beginning. When combined with the telephone, the
changes in banking are really far reaching. You know, I’ve started paying some of my
bill by phone. I just call the bank and authorize them to transfer the money I owe from
any account to the account of the electric company, gas company, or phone company
automatically. That way, I take care of my bills without writing checks.
Marta: Writing fewer checks mean, of course, more time save for the bank’s
customers, but it also has advantages for the banks. I remember a course I took in
banking a few years ago. We were told that in 1979, over 30 billion checks were
written in the United States. Incredible! And the professor said that the figure was
expected to rise to 50 billions by 1985. Now it costs banks about 16 cents to process
each check and these handling costs are passed on the customers.
Penny: Sure. Storage and mailing of checks are expensive. The new technology
really promises to cut costs there. Have you heard about check safekeeping?
Marta: Yes, it’s a system where the bank stores the customer’s checks on
microfilm rather than returning them to him or her every month. The monthly
- 21 -
statement would itemize all the checks written by the customer. The microfilm
storage would provide our customers with a permanent record of their checks. Think
of the savings in space alone.
Penny: Another system I’ve heard about recently is check truncation. Many people
confuse it with check safekeeping, and there are some similarities. Both procedures
are designed to reduce the amount of paperwork for banks. Check safekeeping
operates between the bank and its customers. Check truncation operates among banks.
You know how slow our current check clearing procedures are.
Marta: Of course I do. In order for a check to clear, it must be presented to the
bank where the payer’s account is maintained, even if the bank is a thousand miles
away. That’s why it sometimes takes two weeks for a check to clear. It would be
wonderful if the check clearing process could be speeded up.
Penny: that’s what checks truncation is designed to do. With this new electronic
procedure the check is kept at the bank where it is presented. That bank sends an
electronic message to the bank that the check is drawn against. The bank where the
payer has his account can than make the payment electronically. And the expense and
delay of mailing the check itself are thereby avoided.
Marta: that’s marvelous. And I’m sure this is only the beginning of the electronic
revolution in banking, penny, you’ll see some very exciting changes in the future!
Comprehension check:
A. State whether each sentence is true or false based on the reading.
1. Marta Conway has lost her job to an automatic teller machine.
2. Electronic banking reduces the amount of paperwork for tellers.
3. Automatic teller machines operate during banking hours only.
4. Customers must have code numbers to operate the automatic teller machines.
5. Electronic funds transfer devices make it possible for payers to pay bills without
writing checks.
6. The customers’ checks are stored on microfilm in the system known as check
safekeeping.
7. Check truncation is designed to speed up the check clearing process.
8. Check truncation eliminate the delay and expense of mailing checks from one
bank to another.
- 22 -
B. Answer the following questions orally.

1. How is technology changing banking procedures?
2. How have tellers been affected by electronic banking?
3. How do automatic taller machines benefit customers? How do they operate?
4. In the electronic funds transfer procedure, what funds can be deposited and how
are they deposited?
5. How do check safekeeping and check truncation differ?
C. Composition: Write paragraph describing some of the new features of electronic

banking and explain the advantages the offer to banks and bank customers
Building your vocabulary:

Matching: Find the words in the right hand column that are closest in meaning to the
words in the left hand column.
1. person who writes a check a. figure used to work an automatic teller
2. using computers b. storage
3. keeping in the safe place c. word
4. bill d. payment for work
5. processing expenses e. retire
6. itemize f. note demanding payment
7. code number g. payer
8. salary h. handling costs
9. stop working i. electronically
10. term j. make a list
Rewriting sentences: Rewrite each of the following sentences replacing the

underlined word or words with the correct form of one of the new words of this lesson.
Model: This new computer is such a useful machine.

This new computer is such a useful device.
1. Banking today is so much easier now that electronic devices to record

transactions are used.
2. The boss pays his workers money each week.
3. When we retire we’ll receive money from the government pensions program.
4. Technology has greatly lessened the teller’s paperwork.
5. The customers’ checks are stored on microfilm in this procedure of electronic
check storage.
6. The teller can’t read the signature of the person who wrote the check.
- 23 -
7. Check clearing procedures are made easier because of this electronic check
processing system.
8. The bank makes a list of all the checks that I write each month on my monthly
statement.
PRESENTATION
A. Conditional
I (I’d)
You (you’d)
He (he’d)
She (she’d)
We (we’d)
They (they’d)
B. Conditional sentences
1. If the boss pays higher wages, she’ll have better workers.

2. If Bob retires this year, he’ll have nothing to keep him busy.
3. The bank would save time and money if it used electronic devices. (But
it doesn’t use them.)
4. You’d have accurate records if you itemized everything. (But you don’t
itemize everything.)
5. If I had reduced my costs, my profits would have been higher.(But I
didn’t reduce my costs so my profit weren’t higher.)
6. We’d have purchased a house if we had gotten a mortgage. (But we
didn’t get a mortgage so we didn’t purchase a house.
- 24 -
BALANCE SHEET
The balance sheet is a statement of what a company owns (its asset) and what it
owes (its liabilities) at the particular time. It consists of three major sections: assets,
liabilities and equity. The agreement of these three sections varies from one country to
country. In the USA and in many European countries, the assets appear on the left hand
side on the page and the liabilities on the right. In England the three sections mentioned
the above are arranged vertically.
Assets show the value of all items which the company has or has claimed to. An
example is given to explain the difference what “what a company has” and “what
company has claimed to”. All things the company has in hand such as cash, stocks in
hand or premises are “what the company has”. All things the company has lent to others
or invested in other result in “what the company has claimed to” in other words. “what
the company has claimed to” is what the company has to ask them back.
On the right side these items are divided up into the value of things that the
company has borrowed (liabilities) and the value of things that the company truly owns
(owner’s equity). These two sides are always balanced. Thus, there exists the equation:
Asset = Liabilities + Equity or

Liability = Asset – Equity
A. Find words or phrases in the text to fill in the blank, changing its
form if necessary:
1. A current account holder is sent a monthly ……………….. showing that

month’s transactions.
2. IOU means I ……………….. you.
- 24 -
3. An account statement consists of 5 …………….. date, details, debits, credits and

balance.
4. ………………. means money which the company truly owns.
5. The deposit interest rates offered by banks in Vietnam now ………… from bank
to bank.
6. In the end, he …………. after his one year absence in the town.
7. ……………….. means from top to bottom or vice versa while horizontally
means from left to right or vice versa.
8. Accounts receivable are what ……………….. …………….. …………………
B. Answer the questions

1. What is a balance sheet?
............................................................................................................
2. How many sides does it have?
………………………………………………………………………
3. How many sections does the right side have? What are they?
………………………………………………………………………
4. How are assets, liabilities and equity arranged in the UK?
………………………………………………………………………
- 25 -
COST ACCOUNTING
One of the main objectives of industry is to determine the selling price of

the products or the cost of services that are provided by a company. To calculate a
selling price that ensures a profit, it is first necessary to determine the cost of
making the product or providing the service. This is the purpose of cost
accounting.
For manufacturing, where raw materials are assembled into a final product,
job order cost accounting is used. With this method, the accountant determines the
cost of an individual item or a batch of identical goods.
The accountant must first determine the direct cost of the product. This
includes the material and labor costs. These costs are found by analyzing
inventories of raw materials, products in the process of being manufactured and
final goods. These records are kept in different ledgers.
In addition to the direct labor and materials cost, the accountants must
include overhead to obtain factory cost. Overhead is an expense that is not directly
connected to the manufacture of one particular good. Some examples are
depreciation of machines, property taxes for the manufacturing plant, and the
salary of the plant manager. These indirect costs must be allocated to different
products on the basis of a predetermined rate or percentage called the burden rate.
Cost accounting provides a systematic and logical process by which the
cost of a product can be determined. This cost can then be used as a basis for
determining the best selling price of a product. It is also a very valuable decision
making tool for management.
A. Choose the best answer:
1. The first thing which needs to be done in cost accounting is to:

a. make profit
b. calculate selling price
c. determine cost of making a product
2. To ensure to get profits:
a. cost must be less than selling price
b. cost must be more than selling price
c. direct cost must be less than indirect cost
3. Direct cost includes:
a. material costs b. labor costs c. both a and b
- 26 -
4. Inventories consist of:

a. raw materials b. unfinished goods c. finished goods
d. a, b and c
5. Indirect cost means:

a. material costs b. overhead c. direct expense
6. Overhead may be:
a. labor cost b. wages to workers c. salary to the manager
7. To obtain factory cost,
a. direct cost is calculated to make a product
b. indirect cost is calculated to make a product
c. a and b
8. To determine the selling price we need to calculate:
a. cost of making a product b. labor cost c. material cost
B. Answer the questions:
1. What is the purpose of cost accounting?

………………………………………………………………….
2. What can be determined with job order cost accounting?
.....................................................................................................
3. How are indirect costs calculated to a product?
………………………………………………………………….
4. What is a burden rate?
………………………………………………………………….
5. Why is cost accounting valuable to the management?
…………………………………………………………………..
- 27 -
CORPORATE FINANCE
Corporations need financing for the purchase of assets and the payment of
expenses. The corporations can issue share in exchange for money and property
(sometimes referred to as equity funding). The holders of the shares together form the
ownership of the company. Each share is presented by the stock certificate. This is
negotiable, which means that it can be bought and sold. The value of the share is
determined not only by the net assets divided by the total number of shares outstanding,
but also by any particular rights it gives shareholders. The greater the success of the
company, the more value the shares usually have.
A corporation can also get capital funds by borrowing. This is called debt funding.
When corporation borrows money, they give notes or bonds, which are also negotiable.
However, interest has to be paid out whether business is profitable or not.
Management must consider both the outflow and inflow of capital funds in
running the corporation. The purchase of inventory and supplies, or payment of salaries,
results in an outflow. The sale of goods and services results in an inflow. In the long run,
the inflow must be greater than the outflow to result in a profit. In addition, a company
must deduct its costs, expenses, and losses on bad debts, interest on borrowed capital and
other items in order to determine whether its financial management has been profitable.
The mount of risk involved is an important factor in determining fund raising and
whether a particular corporation is a good investment.
A. Answer the following questions based on the text:
1. Why do all corporate enterprises need financing?

..........................................................................................................
2. What is meant by the term equity funding?
…………………………………………………………………….
3. How is the value of a share calculated?
…………………………………………………………………….
4. What are some activities that produce an inflow of capital? An outflow of
capital?
...........................................................................................................
5. What happens in a business if the inflow of capital is not greater than the
outflow?
……………………………………………………………………..
- 29 -
B. From the list below, select a word to fit each blank space in the sentences.
Use each word only once.
Equity interest Capital risk

Inflow funding Negotiable inventory
1. The current assets of a company usually include cash and …………….

2. ……………….. funding means financing by the owners of the company.
3. They need ………… in order to purchase supplies.
4. Of course you can sell your shares of stock: they’re ………………..
5. They want to make a profit, so we must be careful about investing in a
company that has much ………………….
6. Financing by borrowing funds is call debts …………….
7. Where did they borrow the money and how much ………… will they pay?
8. In the long run, the ………………… must be greater than the outflow to result
in a profit.
- 30 -
SPOT AND FORWARD EXCHANGE RATES
Our analysis of the short term determined of exchange rates reveals that they are
often driven by changes in expectation and, furthermore, that they can fluctuate
considerably during a given day. This volatility in short term exchange rates exposes
users of foreign exchange markets to risk.
The spot rate is the current exchange rate, the rate at which you can exchange a
foreign currency for U.S. dollars at this instant. The spot rate for foreign exchange is
akin to getting a price quote on a share of Houghton Mifflin stock from your
stockbroker; it is the price at which you can buy the asset in question right now. The
forward rate is different. You can sign a forward contract today at an exchange rate and
quantity of currency contracted for today. But the actual exchange will take place at a
specific future date at a rate called the forward exchange rate, because the currency will
actually be exchanged at some forward (future) date.
The forward exchange rates may move down or up compared with the spot rate.
For example, the spot exchange rate for Canadian dollars is C$1.3508 for US$1, while
the 180-day forward rate is C$1.3524 for US$1. It takes more Canadian dollars to
purchase a given amount of U.S. dollars in a forward contract than on the spot market.
The U.S. dollar is expected to appreciate relative to the Canadian dollar over the next
180 days. In contrast, the spot rate for yen is greater than the 180 day forward rate.
Since the spot rate of 104.55 yen per dollar exceeds the 180 day forward rate of 103.67
yen per dollar, the U.S. dollar is expected to depreciate relative to the yen over the next
189 days.
A. find in the text word or phrase means:

1. finds out
2. moreover
3. move down or up
4. much, a lot
5. fluctuation
6. like, similar to
7. at this moment, now
8. a middle man between buyers and sellers of stock
9. Smith. owned
10. in consideration
11. real
12. occur
- 31 -
13. agreement in which terms, conditions … are fixed by 2 parties

14. compared with or in relation to
15. gain value
16. opposite of 15
17. conversely
18. be in excess of
B. True or false statements
1. the function in the exchange rates can result in risk to Forex traders
2. there is no difference between spot and forward rates
3. in a forward contract, the exchange rate will be determined on a specific future
date
4. the quotation of the forward rate does not depend on the spot rate
5. yen revalues against U.S. dollar over the next 180 days
- 32 -
BALANCE OF PAYMENT
The balance of payments summarizes the value of payments between households,

firms, and governments in one country and the rest of the world. For the United States,
this includes an accounting of imports and exports of goods and services, financial
capital flows that include lending to and borrowing from other countries, and transfers
and gifts between U.S. households, firm, or governments and the rest of the world U.S.
imports are goods and services produced in other in other countries and purchased by
U.S. residents.
In the balance of payments calculations, any transactions that result in a receipt of
payments by a U.S. firm, household, or government is a positive entry a credit.
Likewise, any transaction that results in a payment by a U.S. firm , household, or
government to a foreign party is a negative entry a debit. Thus, exports are a positive
entry, since the sale of U.S. products overseas results in the receipt of funds by the
United States. Imports are a negative entry, since payment for imports by parties in the
United States results in funds being received overseas.
Floes of financial assets also affect the balance of payments. When U.S. firms,
households, or governments borrow from overseas, funds flow from abroad to the
United States, resulting in a positive entry in the balance of payments U.S. residents
receive funds, while the rest of the world receives an asset, an IOU payable in the
future, Similarly. When the United States lends funds to the rest of the world, the result
is a negative entry in the balance of payments, because funds flow out of the United
States into the hands of overseas parties.
How do purchases of stocks or bonds in other countries affect the balance of
payments account? When a U.S. investor purchases stock on the London stock
exchange, a negative entry in the U.S. balance of payments results because funds flow
from the United States to the United Kingdom. Similarly, when a Japanese investor
purchases a U.S. government bond, the result is a positive entry in the U.S. balance of
payments because funds enter the United States from Japan. The key in all these
examples is to remember that it is the direction of the flow of funds that determines
whether a transaction is a positive or a negative entry in the balance of payments.
A. Find word or phrase in the text which is opposite:

1. imports
2. negative entry
3. a credit
4. a receipt
5. lending
- 31 -
6. flow into
7. sell
8. result from
9. domestic parties
10. conversely
B. Choose the best answer:

1. positive entry is made in the US balance of payment when:
a. a US firm receives a payment from a foreign party
b. a US firm makes a payment to a foreign party
c. a foreign party receives a payment from a US firm
d. a foreign party makes a payment from a US firm
2. negative entry means:
a. a credit b. a debit c. a double entry
3. export results in:
a. a negative entry b. positive entry c. both a and b
4. import gives rise to:
5. flows of financial assets from other countries to the US will result in:
6. funds lent by the US to other countries will result in:
7. a negative entry is made in the US balance of payment when:
a. a US firm buys stocks on London stock Exchange
b. a US firm buys stocks on the New York stock exchange
c. a UK firm buys stocks on London stock Exchange
d. a UK firm buys stocks on the New York stock exchange
8. a positive entry is made in the US balance of payment when:
a. a US firm buys stocks on London stock Exchange
b. a US firm buys stocks on the New York stock exchange
c. a UK firm buys stocks on London stock Exchange
d. a UK firm buys stocks on the New York stock exchange
- 32 -
COMPANIES
There are two different types of companies e.g.;
- public limited company

- private limited company
Public limited companies raise money from general public through the stock
market- i.e. people buy share in the company and provide capital for the business.
The company’s shares are usually quoted on the stock exchange where anyone can
buy or sell them.
Private companies do not raise money in this way. They make private
arrangement, usually by inviting wealthy individuals or other companies to put
money into the business depending on the amount of the money they contribute or
their experience of the type of business, they may be asked to sit on the board of
the directors of the company. Often private companies are actually family business
– that is, one family provides the money and the arrangement for the business,
though it may expand to bring in capital and managers from outside the family. the
shares are not quoted on the stock exchange and may be very difficult to buy and
sell-in fact it may be impossible without permission of the company directors.
Often private companies have to become public companies to raise amount
of money they need to expand their business.
- 33 -
A. Find word/phrase in the text to fill in the blank:

1. Credit cards are ………………………… only to good-risk customers.
2. Companies have some ways to ……………… …………….. to expand the
business such as selling commercial papers, shares to public or other companies.
3. The private company’s shares can not be traded on the ……………….
………………
4. The cumbersome procedures in banking field have prevented much the deposits
by ……………. …………………., who have much money.
5. A senior clerk is a clerk who is age, ……………….. and highly qualified.
6. A minute book is a book in which all the resolutions made by the
………………… ………………… are kept.
7. There are two kinds of exchange ………………… direct and indirect.
8. ………………… ……………….. is the opposite of in theory.
9. If your card is used by a person without your official ………………., the most
liability you have to pay is $ 20.
10. This bank loan enables us to ……………………. our business.
B. Answer the following questions:

1. How do private companies raise money?
…………………………………………………………………………
2 .How do public companies raise money?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. What is the difference between public and private company?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. What is the typical type of a private company?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. What does a private company have to become a public one for?
…………………………………………………………………………
- 34 -
VOCABULARY
account (n) = list of payments and withdrawals.

accountant (n) = a person who organizes and gives advice on financial
matters.
to administer = to be in charge of , direct, manage.
advance (n) = to advance money : to pay money before it is due to lend
money.
advance bill = a bill of exchange drawn before the goods are set of.
advice = a formal notice of a business transaction.
amortize (v) = to pay off a debt gradually over the year by setting aside
money each year.
assess (v) = to evaluate.
asset (n) = all things owned a person or business and having some
money value.
capital assets(n) = fixed assets
current assets(n) = assets which may turn into cash easily.
liquid assets = possession which consist of cash in hand, or cash with
banker.
tangible assets = assets which have material form.
ATM = automatic teller machine.
authorize (v) = to give official approval or agreement.
automation (n) = automatic funds transfer.
balance (n) = amount of money remaining in an account.
bankrupt (adj.) = incapable of paying debts .
base rate (n) = prime lending rate or best rate for top borrower .
bearer (n) = the holder of document .
beneficiary (n) = any person who has a right to receive benefit.
board of directors (n) = the group of persons elected by the numbers of a
company often called simple “the board”.
bond (n) = a contract note promising to pay a sum of money on a certain
date and paying interest at fixed intervals.
bookkeeping (n) = keeping day-today record of money transaction.
to borrow = to take money from someone and promise to return it.
branch (n) = an office of company.
budget (n) = an account of probable future income and expenditure
during a started period.
- 35 -
buyer credit (n) = credit arranged for an importer.

capital = money in large amount to for investment.
cash flow (n) = the flow of money into and out of business.
cashier (n) = person who hands out cash outside to bank.
clerk (n) = employee of a bank.
to close an account = to withdraw all to one’s money from the bank
checking account = funds that a customer has one deposit, he uses this money
to pay the checks that he writes.
code (n) = secret language.
collateral (a) = assets provided as security for a loan.
collection (n) = obtaining payment of a debt.
commercial bank = a bank chartered by the national government or a state
government ( in the u.s) commercial banks specialize in
loans and demand deposits, and serve business and
industry.
commercial loan = money that banks lend to businesses.
commission (n) = fee for a service.
to compute = to figure, to calculate .
consignment (n) = goods sent from one place to another.
corporate banking = banking services for business.
consumer (n) = a person who uses up the products and services.
counter = the bar where customers are served in a bank.
country risk = the danger of loss when lending to a foreign government.
credit (n) = provision of a loan.
credit assessment = evaluating the risk when providing a loan.
credit control = action by a government , working through the banking
system, to control the volume of credit.
credit fife = information about a bank customer who wants to borrow
money.
credit instrument = any of a number of documents that result in money being
transferred from one person to another such as cheques,
promissory notes, drafts, letters of credit....
credit limit (n) = allowing a customer to overdraw to a certain limit.
credit rating = potential borrower.
credit slip = a form of paying money into an account freely available at
counters in UK bank.
creditor = a person or organization to whom money is owing.
- 36 -
creditworthiness (n) = financial reliability.

currency = official money of a country.
current account = a bank account for day to day use.
central bank (n) = the government bank.
chaps (n) = cleaning house automated payment system.
charge account = an account that allows a customer to get merchandise or
services immediately , but pay later.
charge card = a piece of plastic with the name of the charge account
holder and his charge account number.
the account holder presents this card when he uses his charge
account to buy something.
cheque (n) = an order in writing to a bank to pay someone.
currently = at the present time , at this moment.
chips (n) = cleaning house inter-bank payments system.
circulation (n) = movement of money around a country.
clear (v) = to mark payment of a cheque though the system.
data bureau (n) = office providing information on companies.
debt = money that you owe.
before you borrow any more money, you should pay off
your debts.
debit (n) = an entry on the debtor side of an account.
- to enter on the debtor side of an a/c
- an overdrawn account.
- a card issued by a bank to a customer which
allows the customer to pay for goods and services by
having the cost debited directly to his bank a/c.
debtor (n) = person or organization owing money.
decay = slowness; lateness.
decode (n) = to translate from a secret language.
deeds (n) = document of ownership of land or buildings.
default (n) = failure to pay a debt.
deficit (n) = insufficient to meet a particular need.
when income is insufficient to pay for expenditure.
to default = not to pay money that is due an other person.
if you default on your car loan the bank will take possession
of your car.
- 37 -
demand deposit = a customer can withdraw the money in a demand deposit

without waiting for a period of time.
to deposit = to put money in to the bank.
a deposit = money that a customer puts into the bank.
depositor = a customer of a bank who has an account there
direct debit = a debit raised by the payee.
discount (n) = a percentage price reduction given to buyer by a seller.
dividend (n) = one of the parts into which an amount has been divided out
to shareholder.
- an arrangement between a bank and an exporter by which the bank will accept
bills of exchange drawn by exporter.
- the basic system of modern book-keeping by each account has two accounts, a
debit side and credit side and each transaction is entered truce.
- a bill of exchange before acceptance or a cheque drawn by a bank or itself.
draw (n) = to extract, to take out to make out, to write out.
due = payable at a particular time.
payments are due on the first of every month.
duty free (n) = tax of goods on which no duty is charged.
earn (n) = to get something.
ECGD = export credits guarantee department.
EEC = European economic community, the common market.
EFT POS = electronic funds transfer at point of sale.
in effect = valid, currently in use
encash (v) = to change (a cheque, postal order… ) into cash.
enclosure (n) = a thing put inside a letter.
endorse (v) = to sign one’s name on the back.
endorsement (n) = a signature needed on a document to make it effective in
law.
encode (n) = to translate into a secret language.
enterprise (n) = an industrial or commercial organization.
equilibrium = the state of balance in all the many market that make up the
economic system.
euro cheque (n) = a cheque similar to a traveler’s cheque issued by a European
bank that can be cashed at most bank and many shops in Europe.
exchange (v) = to accept one thing for another.
exchange control = government rules freedom of movement of money to other
countries and on the buying and selling of foreign currencies.
- 38 -
exchange rate = the price of one currency in term of another.

exchange risk = the danger of losing money thought trade as a result of
adverse change in the exchange rate.
exempt (adj.) = free, without obligation.
expenses (n) = business costs.
export documents = documents such as the bill of lading and insurance certificate
used in foreign trader.
export insurance = insurance through a government department.
expand (v) = to course to become larger.
external ( adj. ) = foreign.
face value = the value on a bank note
facilities = arrangement’s that allow or make some activity easy.
factor = a company buying invoices at a discount.
fee = money paid for a service
finance = money provided for business.
financial intermediary = institution providing financial services.
credit status.
financial analysis = the study of the present financial situation of a
company, industry or country, using statistical information
about the past & the present.
financial budget = a statement or plan made after a study of the cash budget ,
intended to show the management of a business.
financial intermediary = institution providing financial service.
flexible budget = which can be bent or changed or adapted.
one that can be varied from time to time.
floating rate note = an exchange rate that no allowed to move up and down
according to the conditions of supply & demand in the foreign
exchange market.
fluctuation (n) = to move up and down , to rise & fall continually.
fluctuate (v) = periods of rising & falling market prices.
footsie (n) = a popular name for the financial times stock exchange index
of 100 shares.
force (n) = strength, power.
forecast (n) = an account of what may be expected to happen in the future.
foreclosure (n) = the action of the lender in-excising his right to obtain a
court order against the borrower who has failed to repay a
debt by the due date.
- 39 -
foreign exchange = the exchanging of the currency of one country for that of
another.
forfeiting (n) = a form of finance of foreign trade where by the
exporters are paid by a bank in the importers’ country.
forward contract = a contract between two parties in which they agree to trade a
currency.
franchise (n) = an arrangement by which the monopoly producer ( the
franchiser ) gives another producer or trader (the franchisee) by
a formal license the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the
products of the franchiser.
fraud (n) = the gaining some material advantage by dishonest means.
free (adj.) = at liberty, without charge.
frictional unemployment = unemployment that is temporary.
fund (n) = a stock of money.
gain = to get or obtain something wanted.
GATT = general agreement on tariffs trade.
bank giro = a service offered by commercial bank in Britain by which a
customer can make my number of payment credit transfer to
other parties who have bank accounts and of payment on a
small charge, to person who has no bank account.
goods = any article or commodity that is subject of manufacturer a
trade.
gross = the total before deduction of expenses or tax.
guarantee (n) = promise given by another bank or person of good financial
standing to repay the credit if the borrow default.
Hague rules = a ret of international rules governing the carriage of goods
by sea…
hedge (v) = to protect themselves against risk of loss, caused by future
change price.
honor = to pay a cheque a bill of exchange when pledge.
IDA = international development association.
identity (n) = the fact of being a unique individual who a person is.
inflation (n) = an increase in the money supply producing a reduction in
the value of the currency.
interest (n) = payment made by a borrower for the use of money,
calculated as a percentage of the capital borrow.
investment company = to put money into a business.
- 40 -
invoice discounting = buying invoice at a discount.

joint- account = an account held by 2 people jointly.
lead and lags = leads are when importers pay for their import
before the end of the credit period.
leasing (n) = a form of finance
lease purchase (n) = the customer becomes the owner of the machinery on the
last payment.
ledger (n) = book in account are written.
to lend = to permit someone to use your money temporarily with the
understanding that she has to return it.
lesser (n) = finance company providing a lease.
liabilities = something which is owned.
liberalized = freed from regulation & controls
loan department = the section or division of a bank that takes care of loans.
loan officer = officer of the bank who interviews people who want to
borrow money.
loan application = the form that a customer fills out when he wants a loan.
loan = sum of money lent.
long- term finance = finance for 3 years or more.
loss (n) = opposite of profit.
manager = person who directs or conducts the operation of a bank.
management (n) = asset and liability management.
minimum balance = a sum of money that the customer must keep in his account
to avoid paying a service charge.
moderate (n) = a customer’s order or instruction to a bank.
monthly statement = a record that the bank sends each month to checking account
holders that lists all checks that the bank has paid and all
deposits that the customer has made.
maturity (n) = the date when an investment such as a bond is due to be
repaid.
mortgage (n) = long term loan for house purchase.
negotiate (n) = to discuss the price before agreeing to buy or sell.
night-safe = strong box in the wall of a bank provided for shopkeepers
who deposit money after the bank closed.
n.o.w. account = negotiable order of withdrawal account
- 41 -
penalty = a sum of money collected as a punishment for overdrawing

an account.
participant (n) = person or organization taking part.
partnership (n) = a form of non limited company owned by several people.
pass-book = a bank book having deposit withdrawals.
party = one of the people interested in a contract; one of the
depositors in a joint.
paycheck = check for salary given by an employer to someone who
works for him.
payee = person or organization to whom and cheque is paid.
payer (n) = person or organization who pays.
to pay off = to finish paying back.
payroll (n) = list of person employed.
percentage (n) = a proportion of 100’.
personal account = non-business account.
personal loans = money that banks lend to individual borrowers.
non-recourse finance = a loan which does not give the bank the right to get the
money back from the customer if the customer default.
offer ( n,v) = to put something for sell at a price.
open cheque = a cheque without crossing lines printed on it.
to open an account = to begin depositing one’s money in a bank.
order (n,v) = to tell the bank to pay ,and instructor to pay.
originator (n) = a person or company initiating a banking transaction.
outstanding = still waiting to be paid.
outstanding check = a check that the depositor has written but which has not yet
been presented for payment (= not yet been cashed)
overdraft (n) = an account which owes money to the bank.
overdrawn = a depositor is overdrawn when he writes a check for more
money than he has in his account
overheads (n) = fixed business expense such as interest, rent , heading ,
electricity.
to pay back = to return the money that you borrow ( also: repay).
placing (n) = investment of amount of money.
planning (n) = aggregate planning .
principal = the amount of money that the lender lends to the borrower.
proceeds = money resulting from a sales.
promissory note (n) = a letter promising to pay.
- 42 -
provision (n) = money set aside on the balance in case of bad debts.
record = a written account serving as a reminder or as evidence of a
transaction
reconcile (n) = to make two accounts or statement agree.
recourse (n) = the right of the leader to compel a borrower to repay a loan.
redeem (v) = to repay or pay off loan stock, debentures.
rediscounting (n) = the discounting a of a bill of exchange or promissory note
that has already been discounted for another holder.
retail = the sale of goods to consumers.
return (n) = the gain from investment.
risk (n) = something that my happen..
salesman (n) = a man employed to sell goods.
saving = profit, money put aside for future use not spent or
arrangement.
a saving account = money left in the bank that draws interest.
secured debt = to service a loan.
service charge = a fee that a bank gets from a depositor for the bookkeeping
involved in administering a depositor’s account.
shareholder = a member of a limited company and therefore a holder of
one or more shares in that company.
a slip = a bank form used to order a deposit or withdrawal when
filled out by the customer.
solvency = ability to pay one’s debts in full when they are due for
payment.
stop payment = a request that a depositor makes to her bank, she asks the
bank not to pay check that she has already written.
take over = the act of gaining control of a company by making its
shareholders a general offer.
tax = a payment of money legally demanded by a government
authority to meet public expenses.
teller = the person who receives and gives out money in a bank
tenure = the term of the loan. long term loans may have a tenure of
ten years.
a term deposit account = an account in which the depositor agrees not to
withdraw his money for a period time.
term = period of time, the term of the loan is three years.
transaction = a business deal, arrangement, or activity
- 43 -
unlisted company = any company whose shares are not in the official list of
securities traded on the stock exchange.
value (n) = the quality of being useful of satisfying man’s wants.
wage (n) = money paid for human work.
waiver (n) = the act of waiving, or giving up aright.
window = the place where bank customers come to give money to or
get money from a teller.
to withdraw = to take money out of the bank.
a withdrawal = money that a customer takes out of the bank.
yield = that which is produced
account (vi) ອະທິບາຍ,ໃຫ້ເຫດຜົນ, ຮ ັບຜິດຊອບ
account (n) ບ ັນຊີ, ບ ັນຊີທະນາຄານ, ລາຍງານ, ຄ ໍາອະທິບາຍ, ເລື່ ອງ , ການພິຈາລະນາ
acquisition (n) ການໄດ້ມາ, ການຫາມາໄດ້, ສິ່ ງທີ່ ໄດ້ມາ, ສິ່ ງທີ່ ຫາມາໄດ້
advisory (adj.) ຊຶ່ ງແນະນ ໍາ, ມີອ ໍານາດ ຫຼື ໜ້າທີ່ ແນະນ ໍາ
automate (v) ໃຊ້ຈ ັກອ ັດຕະໂນມ ັດເຮັດແທນຄ ົນ, ເຮັດດ້ວຍເຄື່ ອງຈ ັກ
ATM (n) Automated Teller Machine ເຄື່ ອງ ¡ö©-À¤ò
authorization (n) ການໃຫ້ອ ໍານາດ, ການອະນຸຍາດ
balance (n) ຄວາມທ່ຽງ , ຊິງ , ເງ ນ

ິ ໃນບ ັນຊີທະນາຄານ, ເງ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຍ ັງເຫຼືອຢູ,່ ຈານວນທີ່
ໍ ຍ ັງ
ຄ້າງຢູ,່ ຄວາມດຸນດ່ຽງ , ດຸນ
banknote (n) ທະນະບ ັດ
beneficiary (n) beneficiaries (pl) ຜູໄ

້ ດ້ຮ ັບປະໂຫຍດ, ຜູຮ
້ ັບເງ ນ
ິ ປະກ ັນໄພ, ຜູຮ
້ ັບມໍລະດ ົກ
bill of exchange ໃບສງັ່ ຈ່າຍຈາກຜູຊ

້ ສ
ື້ ນ
ິ ຄ້າໃຫ້ທະນາຄານຈ່າຍເງ ນ
ິ ໃຫ້, ຜູຂ
້ າຍ, ໃບແລກ
ເງ ນ
ິ , ພັນທະບ ັດແລກປ່ຽນ
billion (n) ພັນລ້ານ
- 44 -
board of directors (n) ຄະນະກາມະການ

ໍ
executive (n) ຜູບ

້ ໍລຫ
ິ ານ, ນ ັກບໍລກ
ິ ານ, ຄະນະກາມະການບໍ
ໍ ລຫ
ິ ານ, ພະນ ັກງານ ຫຼື ຂ້າ
ລາດຊະການຊນສູ
ັ້ ງ
executive (adj.) ຝ່າຍບໍລຫ

ິ ານ
bond (n) ເຄື່ ອງຜູກມ ັດ, ຄວາມສ ໍາພັນ, ຄວາມຜູກພັນ, ສ ັນຍາຜູກມ ັດ, ໃບກູເ້ ງ ນ
ິ ,
ພັນທະບ ັດ, ເງ ນ
ິ ມ ັດຈາໍ , ການຕິດກ ັນ, ການເຊື່ ອມຕິດ
borrow (vt) ຢືມ, ຂໍຢືມ
branch (n)
branches (pl) ງ ່າໄມ້, ກິ່ ງ ໄມ້, ສາຂາ, ຂະແໜງ , ເສັ້ນແຍກ, ສາຍນາແຍກ

ໍ້ ,ພະແນກ
branch (v) ສາຂາ, ແຍກອອກໄປ, ເປັນງ ່າອອກ, ແຕກກິ່ ງ
bridging loan (n) ¡ø-¨

É õ´-À¤ò-§‰¸£¾¸-À²úõº-À»ñ©-ê÷ì½-¡ò©
broker (n) ນາຍໜ້າ, ຕ ົວແທນ
cash flow ເງ ນ
ິ ອອກເງ ນ
ິ ເຂົ້າ, ກະແສເງ ນ
ິ ສ ົດ
cash machine (ATM)
charge (n) ຂໍຫ

້ າ, ການບຸກໂຈມຕີ, ຄ່າ, ລາຄາ, ກະແສໄຟ, ຫຼື ສິ່ ງຂອງທີ່ ຖືກມອບໝາຍ
ໃຫ້ດແ
ູ ລ.
charge (v) ກ່າວຫາ, ຟ້ອງ , ເຂົ້າໂຈມຕີ, ບຸກ, ພຸງ

່ ເຂົ້າໃສ່, ພຸງ່ ໄປທາງ , ຄິດລາຄາ, ບ ັນຈຸ
ໄຟຟ້າໃສ່ໝໍ້ໄຟ, ໃຫ້ຮ ັບຜິດຊອບ, ມອບໝາຍ, ສງັ່ ໃຫ້, ຈ ົດເຂົ້າບ ັນຊີ
cheque (n) ໃບສງັ່ ຈ່າຍເງ ນ

ິ ທະນາຄານ, ເຊັ ກ
chief (adj.) ສ ໍາຄ ັນທີ່ ສຸດ, ທີ່ ເປັນຫົວໜ້າ
chief (n) ຫົວໜ້າ, ຜູນ

້ ໍາ, ນາຍ
- 45 -
executive (n) ຜູບ

້ ໍລຫ
ິ ານ, ນ ັກບໍລຫ
ິ ານ, ຄະນະກາມະການບໍ
ໍ ລຫ
ິ ານ, ພະນ ັກງານ ຫຼື ຂ້າ
ລາດຊະການຊນສູ
ັ້ ງ
executive (adj.) ຝ່າຍບໍລຫ

ິ ານ
chief executive (n) ຫົວໜ້າຜູບ

້ ໍລຫ
ິ ານ
clerk (n) ສະໝຽນ, ພະນ ັກງານ
closure (n) ການອ ັດ, ການປິດ
code (n) ປະມວນກ ົດໝາຍ, ກ ົດເກນ, ລະບຽບ, ຫຼກ

ັ , ລະຫັດ
code (vt) ເຂົ້າລະຫັດ
commercial (adj.) ກ່ຽວກ ັບການຄ້າ, ພານິດ, ມີກາໄລ

ໍ
commercial bank ທະນາຄານພານິດ
commitment (n) ການຜູກມ ັດ, ຂໍຜ

້ ກ
ູ ມ ັດ, ການໃຫ້ຄ ໍາໝນສ
ັ້ ັນຍາ, ຄ ໍາໝນສ
ັ້ ັນຍາ
compensate (vi)(vt) ທົດແທນ, ຕອບແທນ, ໃຊ້ຄນ

ື
consolidate (vi)(vt) ເຮັດໃຫ້ໝນຄ

ັ້ ົງ , ເຮັດໃຫ້ແຂງແຮງ , ລວມເຂົ້າກ ັນ
consolidation (n) ການເຮັດໃຫ້ໝນຄ

ັ້ ົງ , ການເຮັດໃຫ້ແຂງແຮງ , ການລວມເຂົ້າກ ັນ
consortium (n) consortiums ຫຼື consortia(pl) ກຸມ

່ ຂອງບໍລສ
ິ ັດໃຫຍ່ ຫຼື ທະນາຄານທີ່ ລວມ
ຕ ົວກ ັນເພື່ ອກິດຈະການໃດກິດຈະການໜຶ່ ງ .
contribution (n) ການອອກ(ເງ ນ

ິ , ຄວາມຄິດເຫັ ນ)ຊ່ວຍ, ການບໍລຈ
ິ າກ, ສິ່ ງຂອງເງ ນ
ິ ຄ ໍາທີ່
ບໍລຈ
ິ າກ, ເລື່ ອງ ຫຼື ບ ົດຄວາມທີ່ ຂຽນລ ົງໜັງ ສືພິມ
corporate (adj.) ທີ່ ຮ່ວມກ ັນ, ຂອງສ່ວນລວມ, ຂອງກຸມ

່ , ກ່ຽວກ ັບອ ົງການຫຼືບໍລສ
ິ ັດ
corporate finance (n) ອອກເງ ນ

ິ ໃຫ້ ໃນບໍລສ
ິ ັດ
- 46 -
credit (n) ຊື່ ສຽງ , ກຽດຕິຍ ົດ, ຄວາມຊ ົມເຊີຍ, ຄວາມເຊື່ ອຖື, ຄວາມໄວ້ວາງໃຈ, ສິນເຊື່ ອ,
ເງ ນ
ິ ໃຫ້ຢືມ, ເງ ນ
ິ ຝາກໃນທະນາຄານ, ເງ ນ
ິ ມີຢໃູ່ ນບ ັນຊີ, ບ ັນຊີລາຍຮ ັບ, ເບືອ
້ ງມີ(ໃນການ
ບ ັນຊີ), ຄະແນນ ຫຼື ວິຊາທີ່ ຮຽນຜ່ານແລ້ວ
credit card (n) ບ ັດຊືຂ

້ ອງຕິດໜີ້ທີ່ບໍລສ
ິ ັດຫຼືທະນາຄານອອກໃຫ້
creditor (n) ເຈົາ

້ ໜີ້
cross-border deal (n) ຄ້າ, ທ ໍາການຕິດຕໍ່ ຊືຂ

້ າຍ ລະຫວ່າງປະເທດ
current assets (n) ຊ ັບສິນໝູນວຽນ
current liabilities (pl) ໜີ້ສນ

ິ ໃນປະຈຸບ ັນ, ພາລະ, ໜ້າທີ່ , ຄວາມຮ ັບຜິດຊອບ
curriculum vitae ປະຫວ ັດຫຍໍທ

້ ີ່ ໃຫ້ລາຍລະອຽດກ່ຽວກ ັບການສຶກສາຄຸນສ ົມບ ັດ ແລະ ການ
ຜ່ານງານສ່ວນຕ ົວໃຊ້ໃນການສະໝ ັກງານ
dealing room (n) ຫ້ອງທ ໍາການຕິດຕໍ່ ຄ້າ, ຊືຂ

້ າຍ
debit (n) ລາຍການຈານວນເງ

ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ¹ñກອອກບ ັນຊີ, ຈານວນເງ
ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຫັກອອກບ ັນຊີ, ເບືອ
້ ງໜີ້
(ຢູໃ
່ ນການບ ັນຊີ)
debit (vt) ຫັກ (ບ ັນຊີ)
debit card (n) ບ ັດ«ºຈານວນເງ

ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຫັກອອກບ ັນຊີ
debt (n) ໜີ້ສນ

ິ
debtor (n) ລູກໜີ້
deflation (n) ການປ່ອຍໃຫ້ລ ົມອອກ, ການເຮັດໃຫ້ລາຄາເງ ນ

ິ ສູງ ຂຶນ
້ ໂດຍຫຼຸດຈານວນ
ໍ
ທະນະບ ັດທີ່ ອອກໃຊ້ລ ົງ , ພາວະເງ ນ

ິ ຝືດ
deposit (vt) ວາງເງ ນ

ິ ມດຈ
ັ າໍ , ຝາກເງ ນ
ິ ທະນາຄານ
deposit (n) ເງ ນ
ິ ມ ັດຈາໍ , ຈານວນເງ
ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຝາກທະນາຄານ, ເງ ນ
ິ ຝາກ
- 47 -
depreciation (n) ການເສື່ ອມລາຄາ, ການເສື່ ອມຄ່າຂອງເງ ນ

ິ ຕາ, ການຫັກຄ່າຫຼຸຍ
້ ຫ້ຽນ (ໃນ
ການບ ັນຊີ), ຄ່າຫຼຸຍ

້ ຫ້ຽນ
devaluation (n) ການຫຼຸ ດຄ່າເງ ນ

ິ ຕາ, ການຫຼຸດຄ່າ
development bank(n) ທະນາຄານພັດທະນາ
device (n), ເຄື່ ອງມືສະເພາະ, ອຸປະກອນພິເສດ, ແຜນ, ເລ່ຫຼຽ່ ມ, ກ ົນອຸບາຍ, ເຄື່ ອງໝາຍ
dividend (n) ດອກເບ້ຍຈາກຫຸນ

້ , ເງ ນ
ິ ປັນຜົນຈາກຫຸນ
້ , ເງ ນ
ິ ປັນຜົນກາໄລ
ໍ , ຈານວນທີ່
ໍ ຕງໄວ້
ັ້
ສ ໍາລ ັບຫານ, ຕ ົວຕງຫານ

ັ້
document of title (n) ໜັງ ສືຢງຢື

ັ້ ນກາມະສິ
ໍ ດດິນ, ໃບຕາດິນ
documentary (adj.) ທີ່ ເປັນລາຍລ ັກອ ັກສອນ, ທີ່ ເປັນເອກະສານ, ກ່ຽວກ ັບສາລະຄະດີ
documentary collection (n) ການທ້ອນ, ການສະສ ົມ-ດວ

້ ຍເອກະສານ
documentary credit (n) ໃສ່ໄວ້ໃນບ ັນຊີລາຍຮ ັບ-ດວ

້ ຍເອກະສານຮ ັບປະກ ັນ¥¾¡ທະນາຄານ
earnings per share (n) ເງ ນ

ິ ທີ່ ທ່ານໄດ້, ລາຍໄດ້ -ÁªÈì½ຫຸນ
້ ສ່ວນ
European Central Bank (ECB) ທະນາຄານ ກາງຂອງເອີຣ ົບ
economies of scale (n) ເສດຖະກິດຕງອ

ັ້ ັດຕາ, ຈ ັດສ ັດສ່ວນ, ຫຼຸດລາຄາ
electronic purse (n) ບ ັດ ‘ກະເປົາເງ ນ

ິ ເອເລັ ກໂຕຼນກ
ິ ’; ບ ັດຊືຂ
້ ອງຕິດໜີ້ທີ່ບໍລສ
ິ ັດຫຼື
ທະນາຄານອອກໃຫ້
equity analyst (n) ນ ັກວິເຄາະຫຸນ

້ , ຫຼກ
ັ ຊ ັບ
European Union (n) ສະຫະພາບເອີຣ ົບ
exceed (vt) ເກີນການ

ໍ ົດ, ເຮັດເກີນ, ໃຫຍ່ກວ່າ, ຫຼາຍກວ່າ
exchange rate ອ ັດຕາແລກປ່ຽນເງ ນ

ິ ຕາ
- 48 -
exposure (n) see risk ການປ່ອຍໄວ້(ໃຫ້ຖກ

ື ແດດຖືກລ ົມ, ໃຫ້ຮ ັບອ ັນຕະລາຍ), ການເປີດ
ໜ້າກ້ອງ
risk (n) ການສ່ຽງ , ອ ັນຕະລາຍ, ໄພ
risk (vt) ສ່ຽງ , ສ່ຽງໄພ
fee (n) ຄ່າທ ໍານຽມ, ຄ່າ(ຜ່ານປະຕູ, ຮຽນ, ໝໍ , ທະນາຍຄວາມ)
financial (adj.) ກ່ຽວກ ັບການເງ ນ

ິ
financial services (n) ບໍລກ

ິ ານກ່ຽວກ ັບການເງ ນ
ິ
finished goods(n) ສິ່ ງຂອງ , ສິນຄ້າສ ໍາເລັ ດແລ້ວ
fixed (adj.) ຄ ົງທີ່ , ການ

ໍ ົດແນ່ນອນ, ບໍ່ ປ່ຽນແປງ
fixed assets (n) ຊ ັບສິນຄ ົງທີ່
fixed term (loan) (n) ການຢືມ ເວລາທີ່ ການ

ໍ ົດ
float (a currency)
float (vi)(vt) ພູຢໜ

ູ່ າ້ ນາໍ້ , ລອຍເທິງ ອາກາດ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ເງ ນ
ິ ຕາລອຍຕ ົວ, ປ່ອຍໃຫ້ລອຍຕ ົວ
foreign exchange operations (n) ການບໍລຫ

ິ ານແລກປ່ຽນເງ ນ
ິ ຕ່າງປະເທດ
foreign reserves (n) ເງ ນ

ິ ຕ່າງປະເທດສ ໍາຮອງ
reserve currency
fraud (n) ການຫຼອກລວງ , ການສໍໂ

້ ກງ , ພຶດຕິກາທີ່
ໍ ຫຼອກລວງ , ໂທດຍ ັກຍອກ, ນ ັກຕມ
ົ້ , ນ ັກ
ຫຼອກລວງ , ຂອງປອມ, ສິນຄ້າປອມ
fund manager (n) ຜູຈ

້ ັດການທຶນ, ກອງທຶນ, ເງ ນ
ິ ທຶນ
- 49 -
gross (adj.) (grosser, grassiest) (ນາໜັ

ໍ້ ກ)ທັງ ໝ ົດ, (ຈານວນ
ໍ ) ທັງ ໝ ົດ, ລວມ, ລວມຍອດ
(ພາສາເວົ້າ)(ຄ ໍາເວົ້າ, ພຶດຕິກາໍ )ຫຍາບ, ຫຍາບຄາຍ, ຕາໍ່ ຊ້າ, ແຈ້ງ ຊ ັດ, ຮ້າຍແຮງ , ຕຸຍ
້ ຫຼາຍ
ແທ້ໆ, ຂີຮ
້ າ້ ຍຫຼາຍແທ້ໆ
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນ
Gross National Product (GNP) ລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນແຫ່ງ ຊາດ
Group of Seven (G7) (n) ກຸມ

່ ເຈັດປະເທດ
household spending (n) ໃຊ້ຈາ່ ຍເງ ນ

ິ ບ້ານຄ ົວເຮືອນຫຼືຄອບຄ ົວ
International Monetary Fund (IMF) (n) ກອງທຶນ ນາໆຊາດ
income (n) ລາຍໄດ້
income tax ພາສີລາຍໄດ້
inflation (n) ພາວະເງ ນ

ິ ເຟີ້ , ການສູບລ ົມ, ການຂະຫຍາຍຕ ົວ, ການໂພງ
interest (n) ຄວາມສ ົນໃຈ, ເລື່ ອງທີ່ ສ ົນໃຈ, ຜົນປະໂຫຍດ, ສິດຜົນປະໂຫຍດ, ດອກເບ້ຍ
in the interest of ເພື່ ອເປັນຜົນປະໂຫຍດຂອງ
loose interest ໝ ົດຄວາມສ ົນໃຈ
take an interest ມີຄວາມສ ົນໃຈ
interest rate (n) ອ ັດຕາດອກເບ້ຍ
investment bank(n) ທະນາຄານເພື່ ອການລ ົງທຶນ
investment (n) ການລ ົງທຶນ, ເງ ນ

ິ ລ ົງທຶນ
invoice (n) ໃບສງົ່ ສິນຄ້າ
invoice (vt) ສງົ່ ບ ັນຊີໄປເກັບເງ ນ

ິ
issuing bank (n) ທະນາຄານອອກ(ຄ ໍາສງັ່ )
- 50 -
lend (vt) (lent, lending) ໃຫ້ຢືມ, ໃຫ້
lend itself to ເໝາະສ ົມກ ັບ
Letter of Credit (n) ໜັງ ສືສງັ່ ຈ່າຍເງ ນ

ິ
Liquid (n) ຂອງເຫຼວ, ຂອງທາດເຫຼວ, ທາດເຫຼວເປັນນາໍ້
liquid (adj.) ເຫຼວ, ໃສ, ແລກປ່ຽນເປັນເງ ນ

ິ ສ ົດໄດ້ງ ່າຍ, ຄ່ອງຕ ົວ
list (n) ລາຍການ, ບ ັນຊີ, ລາຍຊື່ , ການອ່ຽງຂອງເຮືອ
list (v) ເຮັດລາຍຊື່ , ເຮັດອອກມາເປັນລາຍການ, ຂຽນລ ົງເປັນຂໍໆ

້ , ຍ ົກຂຶນ
້ ມາເປັນຂໍໆ
້ , ຈ ັດ
ເຂົ້າໄວ້ໃນລາຍການ, ໃສ່ໄວ້ໃນລາຍຊື່ , ເຮືອອ່ຽງໄປຂ້າງໜຶ່ ງ
loan (n) ເງ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຢືມ, ເງ ນ
ິ ກູ,້ ການຢືມ
loan (vt) ໃຫ້ຢືມ
long position (n) ສະພາບຍາວ(ໄລຍະ)
long-term loan (n) ການຢືມ ໄລຍະຍາວ
loss (n)
losses (pl) ການເສຍ, ການສູນເສຍ, ຄວາມເສຍຫາຍ, ການຫຼຸ ບທຶນ, ການເສື່ ອມເສຍ,
ການພ່າຍແພ້
at a loss ງ ົງ , ບໍ່ ເຂົ້າໃຈ
lucrative (adj.) ການຄ້າຫຼືກດ

ິ ຈະການທີ່ ໃຫ້ກາໄລງາມ
ໍ
managing director (n)
director (n) ຜູຈ

້ ັດການ, ຜູອ
້ ໍານວຍການ, ຫົວໜ້າກ ົມ, ອະທິບໍດ,ີ ກາມະການບໍ
ໍ ລສ
ິ ັດ, ຜູກ
້ າໍ
ກ ັບການສະແດງ
mandate (n) ອ ໍານາດທີ່ ຖືກມອບໝາຍໃຫ້, ອ ໍານາດເພື່ ອການປົກຄອງຫຼືເພື່ ອການບໍລິ
- 51 -
ຫານ, ການແຕ່ງ ຕງັ້ , ຄ ໍາສງັ່
mandate (vt) ມອບໝາຍອ ໍານາດໃຫ້ເຮັດຢ່າງໃດຢ່າງໜຶ່ ງ , ໃຫ້ອ ໍານາດ, ສງັ່ , ອອກຄ ໍາສງັ່
manufacturing sector (n) ຂະແໜງ , ພາກສ່ວນ ອຸດສາຫະກາໍ
market penetration (n) ການຊຶມເຂົ້າໄປຕະຫຼາດ
maturity (n) ຄວາມເປັນຜູໃ

້ ຫຍ່, ວຸດທິພາວະ, ຄວາມຈະເລີນເຕີບໂຕເຕັມທີ, ການເຖິງ ກາໍ
ນ ົດ, ວ ັນເຖິງ ການ

ໍ ົດ
merger (n) ການຮ່ວມເຂົ້າກ ັນ(ຂອງບໍລສ

ິ ັດ, ໂຮງຮຽນ)
monetary policy (n) ນະໂຍບາຍກ່ຽວກ ັບເງ ນ

ິ , ເງ ນ
ິ ຕາ, ການເງ ນ
ິ
money transmission system (n) ວິທີການການຖ່າຍທອດເງ ນ

ິ
mortgage (n) ສ ັນຍາຢືມເງ ນ

ິ ຊືເ້ ຮືອນ, ຈານວນເງ
ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຢືມຊືເ້ ຮືອນ, ການມ ັດຈາໍ
mortgage (vt) ມ ັດຈາໍ , ຈານອງ

ໍ
multinational (adj.) ຫຼາຍຊາດ, ຫຼາຍປະເທດ
multinational(n) ບໍລສ
ິ ັດທີ່ ມີສາຂາໃນຫຼາຍປະເທດ
net (adj.) (ລາຍໄດ້)ທີ່ ຫັກພາສີອອກແລ້ວ, ສຸດທິ, (ນາໜັ

ໍ້ ກ)ທີ່ ຫັກນາໜັ
ໍ້ ກກ ັບຫຼືຫີບຫຼືນາໜັ
ໍ້ ກ
ເຄື່ ອງຫໍ່ ອອກແລ້ວ, (ຜົນ)ສຸດທ້າຍ
net interest margin (n) ຈານວນຕ່

ໍ າງກ ັນຈາກດອກເບ້ຍລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ດອກເບ້ຍຄ່າໃຊ້
ຈ່າຍ
niche (n) ຮູຫຼືປອ

່ ງໃນຝາສ ໍາລ ັບຕງຮູ
ັ້ ບປັນ
້ , ປ່ອງ , ວຽກທີ່ ເໝາະສ ົມພໍ ດ,ີ ຊ່ອງວ່າງພິເສດ
ຂອງຕະຫຼາດ, ຫ້ອງພິເສດໃນຕະຫຼາດ
niche market ຕະຫຼາດຊ່ອງວ່າງ
obligation (n) ໜ້າທີ່ , ພັນທະ, ຄວາມຈາເປັ

ໍ ນ, ຄວາມຮ ັບຜິດຊອບ, ໃບພັນທະ
- 52 -
operating cost (n) ຄ່າ, ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ ່າຍ, ຕນທຶ

ົ້ ນດ ໍາເນີນງານ
operating profit (n) ກາໄລ

ໍ ¥¾¡ການດ ໍາເນີນງານ
outperform (n) ດ ໍາເນີນການດີກວ່າອື່ ນÅ
output (n) ຈານວນຂອງສິ

ໍ ນຄ້າຫຼືຜ ົນງານທີ່ ເຮັດອອກມາ, ຜົນຜະລິດ, ຜົນທີ່ ຄອມພິວເຕີສງົ່
ອອກມາ
overdraft facility (n) ການອະນຸຍາດ ການຖອນເງ ນ

ິ ເກີນບ ັນຊີ, ຈານວນເງ
ໍ ນ
ິ ທີ່ ຖອນເກີນ
ບ ັນຊີ
Reference
1. English for Banking and Finance, David M. Stillman and Ronni L. Gordon,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983.
2. Banking Academy, Nhuyen Phuong Lan, Hanoi , 2005-2006.
3. English for Banking 3, GS. TS. Nguyen Thanh Do, Hanoi, 2007.
- 53 -

Preface: Seven

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Preface

Unit 1 BANKS AND BANKING 1

Unit 2 WHY HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT? 5

Unit 3 CURRENT ACCOUNTS 9

Unit 4 SAVING BANKS 11

Unit 7 ELECTRONIC BANKING 20

Unit 8 BALANCE SHEET 24

Unit 9 COST ACCOUNTING 25

Unit 10 CORPORATE FINANCE 27

Unit 11 SPOT AND FORWARD EXCHANGE RATES 29

Unit 12 BALANCE OF PAYMENT 30

BANKS AND BANKING

Today’s exchange rates

CURRENCY SYMBOL BUYING RATE SELLING RATE

American dollar $ 7988 8028

Cashier: Hi. May I help you?

B. Fill in each blank with a suitable phrase below:

1. The activity of a bank …………… …………….. ………………..

C. Answer the questions:

WHY HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT?

A. put it under the mattress, or

 These are some advantages of having a bank account:

• SECURITY – No need to carry or keep at home large amounts of cash.

• CONVENIENCE – With a current account you can pay by cheque in

• TRAVEL FACILITIES – Going abroad? The bank can arrange travelers

1. With an Eurocheque account you can

B. Hidden word puzzle:

D. Answer the questions:

II. Opening an account

B. Hidden word puzzle:

THE INFORMATION IS: 17 April 2002

4. Sidney street, Oxford

1. What/ you/ give/ bank/ when/ open/ bank account?

A. Choose the best answer:

b. he withdraws money from another’s account

B. find word or phrase in the text to fill in the blanks:

to fill out – to write the necessary information

1. an account that two or more people hold is a ________

A BANK MANAGER SPEAKS

B. Answer the following questions orally.

Building your vocabulary:

B. Rewriting sentence: Rewrite each of the following sentences replacing the

1. Please write your name on this slip.

II. PAST TENSE – negatives and questions

1. The customer deposited a lot of money.

Example: Mary worked in a bank.

Pay: Thongsouk Sahara or order

000337 223344 34654332

A cheque is an order by the accountholder to withdraw funds from his account,

B. True or false or not given statements

C. Answer the following questions.

D. Fill in a blank with a suitable word from the reading.

B. Find word/phrases in the text which means:

C. Answer the questions

1. You can’t withdraw the money until the cheque _____

Marta Conway, 65 years old, is retiring

Penny: Marta, you must know this bank better

B. Answer the following questions orally.

C. Composition: Write paragraph describing some of the new features of electronic

ATM (n) Automated Teller Machine ເຄື່ ອງ ¡ö©-À¤ò