See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/265071062

Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

Article  in  International Journal of Digital Curation · October 2011

DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v6i2.191

CITATIONS READS
84 511

1 author:

Sarah Higgins
Aberystwyth University
30 PUBLICATIONS   435 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Sarah Higgins on 21 April 2016.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

78 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011

Digital Curation:
The Emergence of a New Discipline

Sarah Higgins,
Lecturer in Archives Administration and Records Management,
Aberystwyth University

Abstract
In the mid 1990s UK digital preservation activity concentrated on ensuring the survival of digital
material – spurred on by the US report Preserving Digital Information (The Task Force on
Archiving of Digital Information, 1996) and developed through JISC-funded activities.
Technical developments and a maturing understanding of organisational activity and workflow
saw the emphasis move to ensuring the access, use and reuse of digital materials throughout their
lifecycle. Digital Curation emerged as a new discipline supported through the activities of the
UK’s Digital Curation Centre and a number of EU 6 th Framework Projects. Digital Curation is
now embedded in both practice and research; with the development of tools, and the foundation
of a number of support units and academic educators offering training and furthering research.

The International Journal of Digital Curation is an international journal committed to scholarly excellence and
dedicated to the advancement of digital curation across a wide range of sectors. ISSN: 1746-8256 The IJDC is
published by UKOLN at the University of Bath and is a publication of the Digital Curation Centre.
 Sarah Higgins 79

Introduction
As digital material has become increasingly ubiquitous in the day-to-day lives of
normal people, the realisation that it needs to be carefully managed to ensure its
survival and continuing access has gradually grown. In the UK cultural and
educational sectors, digital preservation efforts originally focussed on ensuring that
material survived technical obsolescence and organisational mismanagement.
Preservation implied a passive state, where material would be mothballed in an
inaccessible “dark archive”, with only a few authorised users, to ensure that it retained
its integrity and authenticity. Over the last few years, the focus has shifted to ensuring
that digital material is managed throughout its lifecycle so that it remains accessible to
those who need to use it. Metadata is used to both improve accessibility and
discoverability; and to control authentication procedures, creating audit trails to ensure
that material cannot be accessed or altered by those not authorised to do so. Digital
material is actively preserved, used and reused for new purposes, creating new
materials. This is Digital Curation: the management and preservation of digital
material to ensure accessibility over the long-term (Abbott, 2008).

Preservation Beginnings
The clarion call in the US was Preserving Digital Information, the report of the
US Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information (Task Force on Archiving of
Digital Information, 1996), which called for the development of strategies to ensure
the survival of culturally valuable digital information. It emphasised the imperative to
organisations of undertaking digital preservation activities, and explored the roles and
responsibilities for managing a digital archive, migrating the material to guard against
obsolescence, and the costs associated with these. The report aimed to create
international dialogue, and kick started the development of tools and methodologies
for digital preservation activities. Margaret Hedstrom, a member of the Task Force,
called for the digital library community to take on the challenge of developing and
improving digital preservation research and techniques (Hedstrom, 1998).

Developing a UK Digital Preservation Infrastructure

Digital preservation came to the fore in the UK in the mid 1990s with a series of
high level activities. These examined the organisational challenges involved in
maintaining access to digital materials, and concentrated on building a sustainable
collaborative support infrastructure. The draft of US Task Force’s report informed
discussions at a workshop on the Long Term Preservation of Electronic Materials,
organised by eLib1, at the University of Warwick in 1995. This explored a number of
strategic issues relating to digital preservation, including policies, responsibilities and
methods for practical implementation, with 18 action points identified (Marc Fresko
Consultancy, 1996). To address these, a programme of seven studies was funded by
the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) (eLib, 2000), with the Digital
Archiving Working Group created to oversee them. A synthesis of the studies
concluded that there was a need for: awareness raising; collaboration between
organisations; and improved strategies, guidelines, criteria and checklists (Feeney,
1999).

1
Electronic Libraries programme: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
80 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

A second Warwick Digital Preservation Strategy Workshop in 1999 focussed on

setting the agenda for the preservation of research information (JISC/NPO, 1999). The
implications of failing to manage data were highlighted (Ross, 2000), and
presentations were given by the National Data Centre at ULCC (University of London
Computer Centre) and the Essex Data Archive (now the UK Data Archive). Final
recommendations identified the need for cost analysis, research into rights issues and
increased awareness raising (Cedars Project, 1999). The key recommendation was the
establishment of a central body to act as a focus for leadership and collaboration in
digital preservation activities. This recommendation led to the formation of two
bodies. In 2000 the JISC Digital Preservation Focus was established to coordinate and
disseminate research and best practice within a long-term strategy for the UK Higher
Education community. This was followed in 2001 by the Digital Preservation
Coalition2 (DPC), a cross-sectoral membership organisation, which aimed to “develop
a UK preservation agenda within an international context” (Beagrie, 2001a).

Exemplar Projects
The UK infrastructure was now in place to move the preservation agenda forward.
This was reinforced by a number of ongoing exemplar projects, and the developing
data repositories at ULCC 3, the UKDA4 and AHDS5. The influential CEDARS
Project6 tested the recently published OAIS Reference Model (ISO 14721, 2003) to
establish its applicability as a common framework for digital preservation applications,
and created the first coherent metadata set specifically for digital preservation
activities. The CAMiLEON Project7 evaluated emulation as a long-term strategy, with
the rescue of the BBC Domesday Project as its main proof of concept. Meanwhile
JISC was one of the funders of a series of research projects examining different aspects
of the practicalities of digital preservation, such as web archiving (Day, 2003), legal
implications (Charlesworth, 2003) and e-prints (James, Ruusalepp, Anderson &
Pinfield, 2003). The establishment of the international Digital Preservation Award by
the DPC in 2004 celebrated the achievements of “those people and organisations that
have made a significant contribution to ensuring that we can have long term access to
digital data” (DPC, 2010).

The Curation Agenda

By this time the wider remit of maintaining persistence and access to digital
material was being investigated by a number of sectors. The concept of digital
continuity – “the ability to use your information in the way that you need, for as long
as you need” (The National Archives, 2011) – for electronic journals and archival
material was being discussed in archives and libraries, particularly in The Antipodes.
This was typified by the formation of the Australaisian Digital Continuity Forum in
2001 (Swinburne University of Technology, 2001). In 2002, JISC’s Continuing Access
and Digital Preservation Strategy (Beagrie, 2002) set out a major funding stream to
cover the next three years. The curation of data was a major discussion point, with the
first of the resulting nine key initiatives being the establishment of a Digital Curation

2
Digital Preservation Coalition: http://www.dpconline.org/.
3
University of London Computer Centre: http://www.ulcc.ac.uk/.
4
UK Data Archive: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/.
5
Arts and Humanities Data Service: http://www.ahds.ac.uk/. Funding for AHDS ceased in April 2008.
6
The CEDARS Project ran from 1998-2002. It was funded by JISC as part of the eLib Programme and
managed by CURL (the Consortium of University Research libraries).
7
The CAMiLEON Project: http://www2.si.umich.edu/CAMILEON/.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
 Sarah Higgins 81

Centre (DCC) to provide a central focus, and develop tools and services for the
curation of research data.
The establishment of a digital curation centre was endorsed in a 2003 report on
the curation needs for e-science (Lord & Macdonald, 2003), which identified this as
one of the main players for achieving their recommendations. Following a tendering
exercise, the Digital Curation Centre was launched in 2004 as a collaborative
distributed service (Digital Curation Centre, n.d a).
In 2005 the DCC was one of the organisers of the third Warwick meeting, Digital
Curation and Preservation: Defining the Research Agenda for the Next Decade
(Pothen, 2006), which looked at technological, process and policy issues for both
curation and preservation. The meeting highlighted the need for greater understanding
of curation processes, better funding for initiatives, and education and training for
curation. These recommendations fed into the activities for the first three year phase of
the DCC, who embarked on a varied programme of research, advice, technical
development and community development.

Curation Projects
Around the same time the EU 6th Framework Programme funded a number of high
profile projects to develop tools and methodologies, with the core aim of maintaining
access to digital material. Partners of the DCC fed into a variety of the work packages
for DigitalPreservationEurope (DPE), the PLANETS Project (Preservation and Long-
term Access through NETworked Services) and the CASPAR Project (Cultural,
Artistic and Scientific knowledge for Preservation, Access and Retrieval)8. Along with
the DCC, these served to both raise the profile of digital curation and extend the UK
skill set.

The Digital Curation Centre’s First Phase

During the first funding phase (March 2004 – February 2007) the DCC’s outreach
activities concentrated on building an understanding of the discipline and creating a
community which straddled the higher education, commercial and public sectors. It
took a holistic approach to data, considering all material created digitally to be within
its remit. This included both digital copies of analogue material, text-based materials
and scientific research data. Information days explaining the basic concepts of digital
curation were held at venues around the country9 and an Associates Network was
established for discussion, information and support, “providing a forum for cross-
sectoral communication on important problems” (Digital Curation Centre, n.d a). A
programme of publications included the Digital Curation Manual10, and a series of
Briefing Papers explaining the basic activities and responsibilities for successful
curation11. The International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC) was established. The
first conference, held in September 2005, was concerned with establishing definitions
of Digital Curation and possible approaches for undertaking it (Digital Curation
Centre, 2005). By the next year increased community understanding of the discipline
and practical activity allowed a conference theme which considered “Digital Data
Curation in Practice” focussing on case studies from both the library and archives and
the research data domains. This theme continued into the third conference, in

8
WePreserve: http://www.wepreserve.eu/about/.
9
Other DCC Events: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/other-dcc-events.
10
Digital Curation Manual: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-reference-manual.
11
DCC Briefing Papers: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/briefing-papers.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
82 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

December 2007, where the emergent research data emphasis of the discipline was
reflected in the programme (Digital Curation Centre, 2007). The foundation of the
peer-reviewed International Journal of Digital Curation (IJDC) in 2006 firmly
established digital curation as an academic discipline.

The Digital Curation Centre’s Second Phase

The second phase of the DCC (March 2007 – February 2010) concentrated more
firmly on the curation of research data, and the unique challenges associated with this.
The new focus was reflected in the new strapline: “Because good research needs good
data.” In the UK this complimented the archives, libraries and museums focus of the
Digital Preservation Coalition. The DCC’s eScience liaison function was instituted and
case study work on research data curation activities was undertaken with both the
SCARP Project12 and in conjunction with the Research Information Network
(Research Information Network & British Library, 2009). The activities for successful
curation were articulated in the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model (Higgins, 2008) and
work to define model research data management plans (Donnelly & Jones, 2009).
These formed the basis of the Digital Curation 101 training activities, which have been
undertaken worldwide over the last few years.
During this phase of the DCC, the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council
gave ten months notice that funding would be withdrawn from the AHDS, a distributed
repository which existed to “collect, preserve and promote the electronic resources
which result from research and teaching in the arts and humanities” (AHDS, 2008).
This threw the digital sustainability of research data into the spotlight, underlining the
need for a wider understanding of long-term commitment to curation activities across
the research community. In response, research libraries identified themselves as
trustworthy organisations with a remit to preserve material and make it available. The
feasibility of developing a UK Research Data Service (UKRDS) began to be
investigated as a coherent approach to research data management, which would build
on the DCC’s expertise (UKRDS, 2008 & 2010). This was proceeded by two JISC-
sponsored investigations into the costs and activities required, and the benefits which
might accrue from an orchestrated approach (Beagrie, Chruszcz, & Lavoie, 2008;
Beagrie, Lavoie & Woollard, 2010).

Curation and Preservation Tools

The maturation of a number of tools provided methodologies for undertaking
curation. The DCC and the Humanities Advanced Technology and Information
Institute (HATII) published the Data Asset Framework (DAF) which provided a
method for enumerating and auditing data holdings. This was trialled in four
successful UK pilot audits13. The DCC and Digital Preservation Europe (DPE)
collaborated to produce DRAMBORA14 a tool for self-assessment of possible risks to
the sustainability and continuity of digital repositories, which was trialled in a number
of international institutions (Digital Curation Centre, n.d b). This fed into ongoing
international work to develop a standard for the audit of digital repositories and their
certification15, along with TRAC, a methodology developed by the Online Computer
Library Centre (OCLC) and the Center for Research Libraries (CLR), to certify the
12
The SCARP Project: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/projects/scarp.
13
Data Asset Framework: http://www.data-audit.eu/users.html.
14
Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment: http://www.repositoryaudit.eu/.
15
ISO 16363: Space data and information transfer systems – audit and certification of trustworthy digital
repositories. The standard is still under development.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
 Sarah Higgins 83

effectiveness of digital repositories (OCLC & CRL, 2007). The Digital Preservation
Suite developed by the PLANETS Project provided tools to support the
implementation of preservation plans, a testbed environment and an Interoperability
Framework16. Meanwhile, the National Archives won the Digital Preservation Award
for DROID, a tool which identifies file formats for preservation, against the master
PRONOM database (Digital Preservation Coalition, 2007).

The Digital Curation Centre – Start of the Third Phase

By the start of the DCC’s third phase in 2010, the discipline of Digital Curation
was clearly defined and an active international community of practitioners had
coalesced. This was demonstrated by demand for the 6th International Digital Curation
Conference (IDCC) in December 2010 where attendance increased from an average of
around 150 delegates to 250.

Curation Goes Mainstream

The framework of support, tools and research developed, since the first Warwick
Workshop in 1995, has enabled the discipline to grow over the last few years through
the establishment of a number of other digital curation support organisations. These
have different focuses and different motivations. Some have an internal agenda of
maintaining digital assets for their host institution, while others focus on education,
research and development. The driving forces are varied, including: the requirement
for back-ups of print publications; building the reputation of the institution which hosts
them; the ability to maintain records as evidence; educational re-use of digital
resources or the aggregated value of maintaining institutional datasets (Ashley, 2010).
Notable digital curation support organizations that have been established in the
last four years include:
 The Greek Digital Curation Unit (DCU) at the Athena Research Centre17
was established in 2007 to “act as a national focus point in the field of
digital curation”. It serves a diverse constituency, publishes widely and is a
partner in the EU-funded DARIAH Project (Digital Research Infrastructure
for the Arts and Humanities), which seeks to support the digitisation of arts
and humanities data across Europe. It also provides the MOPSEUS Digital
Library Service, a digital repository for small scale organisations who don’t
have the infrastructure to develop their own.
 The University of California Curation Center (UC3)18 was formed in 2010
as a partnership supporting the ten University of California campuses. Its
remit is one of inward looking academic support, for “campus
constituencies – museums, libraries, archives, academic departments,
research units, and individual researchers – to have direct control over the
management, curation, and preservation of the information resources
underpinning their scholarly activities.”
 The Digital Research and Curation Center19 at The Johns Hopkins
University’s Sheridan Libraries undertakes internal research and
development regarding automated tools and effective workflow to ensure
16
Planets software: http://www.planets-project.eu/software/.
17
Digital Curation Unit: IMIS-Athena Research Centre: http://www.dcu.gr/index.php?p=dcu&lang=en.
18
University of California Curation Center: http://www.cdlib.org/services/uc3/.
19
Digital Research and Curation Center: http://ldp.library.jhu.edu/dkc.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
84 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

long-term access and preservation to both digitised and born-digital

material.

 The University of Toronto’s iSchool established The Digital Curation

Institute with a broad information sciences research agenda.20 It launched
with a conference in June 2010, with research papers from a mixture of
guests, staff and students.

 Purdue University Library’s Distributed Data Curation Center21 (D2C2)

researches curation solutions for complex research data. It is undertaking
the Data Curation Profiles Project, which provides a toolkit for structuring
diagnostic case studies prior to curation in an academic library (Witt,
Carlson, Brandt & Cragin, 2009).

Curation Education
The skill base of the digital curation community continues to be developed
through training and higher education programmes worldwide. A number of these have
formed the International Digital Curation Education and Action (IDEA) Working
Group22 – an international alliance examining and advising on curriculum needs to
continue building the skill base. This originated in the DigCCurr Project23 at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which examined the curriculum
requirements for digital curation training and held conferences and symposia
concerning their development. Chapel Hill students can now study for a Digital
Curation Postgraduate Certificate. Masters-level study in Digital Curation can be
undertaken at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden24, and options on Digital
Curation are available as part of a number of higher education information sciences
degrees worldwide. The subject is now becoming a mainstream part of an information
science education and the 2011 International Federation of Library Associations
(IFLA) Conference will have an open session on ‘Education for Digital Curation’
(IFLA, 2011).

Conclusions
Digital Curation emerged as a new discipline through the iterative workshop and
agenda setting process. In the UK the strategic emphasis for long-term management of
digital material gradually moved from passive preservation to active curation. After a
period of definition and consolidation, the subject now boasts a growing international
professional base, a developing research agenda, practical tools and collaborative
projects and a workforce trained to Higher Education level.

References
Arts and Humanities Data Service (2008) About the Arts and Humanities Data
Service. Retrieved May 27, 2011, from
http://www.ahds.ac.uk/about/index.htm.

20
Digital Curation Institute University of Toronto: http://dci.ischool.utoronto.ca/index.html.
21
Distributed Data Curation Center: http://d2c2.lib.purdue.edu/index.php.
22
IDEA Working Group: http://ideaworkgroup.org/index.html.
23
DigCCurr: http://ils.unc.edu/digccurr/.
24
Masters Programme in Digital Curation, Luleå University of Technology:
http://www.ltu.se/edu/program/FMDBA?l=en.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
 Sarah Higgins 85

Ashley, K. (2010) IDCC10 Keynote [Video]. Proceedings of the 6th International

Digital Curation Conference. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://vimeo.com/17614413.

Abbott, D. (2008). What is digital curation? Digital Curation Centre: Edinburgh, UK.
Retrieved October 28, 2010, from http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/briefing-
papers/introduction-curation/what-digital-curation.

Beagrie, N. (2000). The JISC digital preservation focus and the digital preservation
coalition. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 6, 257-267.
doi:10.1080/13614530009516815

Beagrie, N. (2001a). Digital Preservation Summit 16th January 2001 [Web log
message]. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.dpconline.org/about/dpc-history/digital-preservation-summit-jan-
2001/.

Beagrie, N. (2001b). Preserving UK digital library collections. Program, 35, 215-226.

doi:10.1108/EUM0000000006955

Beagrie, N. (2002). A continuing access and digital preservation strategy for the Joint
Information Systems Committee (JISC) 2002-2005. Retrieved October 29,
2010, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/strategypreservation.pdf.

Beagrie, N., Chruszcz, J. & Lavoie, B. (2008). Keeping research data safe: A cost
model and guidance for UK universities. Charles Beagrie Ltd: Sailsbury, UK.
Retrieved May 27, 2011, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/keepingresearchdatasafe0
408.pdf.

Beagrie, N., Lavoie, B. & Woollard, M. (2010). Keeping research data safe 2. Charles
Beagrie Ltd: Salisbury, UK. Retrieved May 27, 2011, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/reports/2010/keepingresea
rchdatasafe2.pdf.

The Cedars Project. (1999). Final recommendations from small groups to plenary.
Proceedings of Warwick2 Workshop on Digital Preservation. Warwick, UK.
Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://web.archive.org/web/19991109092233/www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OTHER/
warwickrec.htm.

Charlesworth, A. (2003). Legal issues relating to the archiving of Internet resources in

the UK, EU, USA and Australia. The Joint Information Systems Committee &
The Welcome Trust. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/archiving_legal.pdf.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
86 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

Day, M. (2003). Connecting and preserving the World Wide Web. The Joint
Information Systems Committee & The Welcome Trust. Retrieved October 29,
2010, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/archiving_feasibility.pdf.

Digital Preservation Coalition. (2010). Digital Preservation Awards. Retrieved January

7, 2011, from http://www.dpconline.org/advocacy/awards.

Digital Preservation Coalition. (2007). Third Digital Preservation Award 2007.

Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.dpconline.org/advocacy/awards/2007-award/111-awards-2007.

Digital Curation Centre. (2005). Conference programme. Proceedings of the 1st

International Digital Curation Conference. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/conferences/1st-international-digital-curation-
conference/dcc-conference-programme/.

Digital Curation Centre. (n.d a). History of the DCC. Retrieved October 29, 2010,
from http://www.dcc.ac.uk/about-us/history-dcc.

Digital Curation Centre. (n.d b). Frequently asked questions about DRAMBORA.
Retrieved February 3, 2011, from http://www.dcc.ac.uk/digital-curation/digital-
curation-faqs/drambora.

Digital Curation Centre. (2007). Conference programme. Proceedings of the 3rd

International Digital Curation Conference. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/conferences/3rd-international-digital-curation-
conference/programme.

Donnelly, M. & Jones, S. (2009). DCC data management plan content checklist.
Digital Curation Centre. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/3343.

eLib: The Electronic Libraries Programme. (2000). eLib supporting studies:

Preservation studies, managed by BLRIC. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/supporting/#blric.

Feeney, M. (1999). The digital culture: Maximising the nation’s investment. Retrieved
October 28, 2010, from http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/other/jisc-
npo-dig/intro.html.

Hedstrom, M. (1998). Digital preservation: A time bomb for digital libraries.

Computers and the Humanities, 31, 189-202. doi:10.1023/A:1000676723815

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
 Sarah Higgins 87

Higgins, S. (2008). The DCC Curation Lifecycle Model. International Journal of

Digital Curation, 3(1), 134-140. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/viewFile/69/48.

International Federation of Library Associations. (2011). Call for papers: Education

and training section & preservation and conservation section & information
technology section. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://conference.ifla.org/ifla77/calls-for-papers/education-for-digital-curation.

ISO 14721. (2003). Space data and information transfer systems – Open archival
information system – Reference model.

James, H., Ruusalepp, R., Anderson S., & Pinfield, S. (2003). Feasibility and
requirements study on preservation of ePrints. The Joint Information Systems
Committee. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/preservation/e-
prints_report_final.pdf.

JISC/NPO. (1999). Digital preservation strategy workshop, 3/4 March 1999,

University of Warwick: Overview briefing. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://web.archive.org/web/19991109080456/www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/OTHER/
warwickbr.htm.

Jones, M. (2003). Digital preservation activities in the United Kingdom: Building the
infrastructure. IFLA Journal, 29, 350-356.

Jones, M. (2006). The digital preservation coalition. The Serials Librarian 49(3), 95-
104. doi:10.1300/J123v49n03_08

Lord, P. & Macdonald, A. (2003) e-Science curation report: Data curation for e-
Science in the UK: an audit to establish requirements for future curation and
provision. In report to the JISC Committee for the Support of Research.
Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/preservation/e-
sciencereportfinal.pdf.

Marc Fresko Consultancy. (1996). Long term preservation of electronic materials.

Conference report from the JISC/British Library Workshop, University of
Warwick. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/other/preservation/.

Morgan, E.L. (2010, December, 14). 6th International Data [sic] Curation Conference
[Web log message]. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from the Days in the Life of a
Librarian Web log: http://blogs.nd.edu/emorgan/2010/12/6th-international-
data-curation-conference/.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011
 88 Digital Curation: The Emergence of a New Discipline

The National Archives. (2011). Understanding digital continuity, version 1.2.

Retrieved June 25, 2011, from
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/information-
management/understanding-digital-continuity.pdf.

OCLC & CLR. (2007). Trustworthy repositories audit and certification: criteria and
checklist. Retrieved May 27, 2011, from
http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf.

Pothen, P. (2006). Digital curation and preservation: Defining the research agenda for
the next decade. Ariadne, 46. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/warwick-2005-rpt/.

Research Information Network & British Library. (2009). Patterns of information use
and exchange: case studies of researchers in the life sciences. Retrieved
February 3, 2011, from
http://www.rin.ac.uk/system/files/attachments/Patterns_information_use-
REPORT_Nov09.pdf.

Ross, S. (2000). Changing trains at Wigan: Digital preservation and the future of
scholarship. National Preservation Office: London. Retrieved October 28,
2010, from http://www.bl.uk/blpac/pdf/wigan.pdf.

Swinburne University of Technology. (2001). Annual Report 2001. Retrieved October

28, 2010, from
http://www.swinburne.edu.au/corporate/spq/docs/reports/swinannrept2001.pdf.

The Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information. (1996). Preserving digital

information. In report to the Commission on Preservation and Access and the
Research Libraries Group. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from
http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub63watersgarrett.pdf.

UKRDS. (2008). The UK research data feasibility study: Report and recommendations
to HEFCE. Retrieved June 25, 2011 from
http://www.hefce.ac.uk/finance/shared/feasibility/reports/FS28.pdf.

UKRDS. (2010). UK Research Data Service: Proposal and business plan for the initial
pathfinder development phase. Retrieved May 27, 2011, from
http://www.ukrds.ac.uk/resources/download/id/47.

Witt, M., Carlson, J., Scott Brandt, D., & Cragin, M. (2009). Constructing data
curation profiles. International Journal of Digital Curation, 4(3), 93-103.
Retrieved February 3, 2011, from
http://www.ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/viewFile/137/165.

The International Journal of Digital Curation

Issue 2, Volume 6 | 2011

View publication stats