Chapter 7 - 2D Drawing Representation PDF

2D DRAWING
REPRESENTATION
CHAPTER SEVEN
OBJECTIVES
1. Represent curved surfaces in multiview drawings
2. Show intersections and tangencies of curved and planar surfaces
3. Represent common types of holes
4. Show fillets, rounds, and runouts in a 2D drawing
5. Use partial views
6. Apply revolution conventions when necessary for clarity
7. Draw removed views and projected views
8. Show right- and left-hand parts
9. Project curved surfaces by points
10. Show and label an enlarged detail
11. Show conventional breaks
Common Manufactured
Features
Conventional Representations
Standard orthographic projections don’t
always show complex shapes as clearly
and simply as you may wish, so certain
alternative practices, referred to as
conventions, are accepted.
Conventions are like rules for breaking the

rules. Note how these views are projected
Orthographic Views of Intersecting and

Tangent Surfaces.
(Lockhart, Shawna D.; Johnson, Cindy M., Engineering Design
Communication: Conveying DesignThrough Graphics, 1st, © 2000.
Printed and Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson
Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.)
INTERSECTIONS AND TANGENCIES
Where a curved surface is tangent to a plane surface no line is drawn, but when it
intersects a plane surface, a definite edge is formed.
When plane surfaces join a contoured surface, a line is shown if they are tangent, but not
shown if they intersect.
Intersections of Cylinders
When the intersection is small, its When the intersection is larger, it

curved shape is not plotted accurately can be approximated by drawing an
because it adds little to the sketch or arc with the radius the same as that
drawing for the time it takes. Instead it of the large cylinder.
is shown as a
straight line.
FILLETS AND ROUNDS
A rounded interior corner is called a fillet. A rounded exterior corner
is called a round.
Rounds on a CAD Model of a

Design for a Three-Hole Punch
Fillets on a CAD Model.
(Courtesy of Douglas Wintin.)
(Courtesy of Ross Traeholt.)
RUNOUTS
Small curves called runouts are used to represent fillets
that connect with plane surfaces tangent to cylinders.
Runouts from different filleted

intersections will appear different
owing to the shapes of the
horizontal intersecting
members.
NECESSARY VIEWS
What are the absolute minimum views
required to completely define an object?
One-View Drawing
Two-View Drawing
Three-View Drawing
PARTIAL VIEWS
A view may not need to be complete but needs to show what is necessary to clearly describe the
object. This is called a partial view and is used to save sketching
time and make the drawing less confusing to read.
OR
You can use a break line to limit the partial view…

Showing Enlarged Details
When adding a detail,
draw a circle
around the features that
will be included in the
detail
Place the detail view on the sheet as

you would a removed view. Label
successive details with the word
DETAIL followed by a letter, as in
DETAILA, DETAIL B,
Conventional Breaks
To shorten the view of a long object, you can use break lines…
Use a “break line” to leave out a portion of the part, this allows the scale for the
ends to be increased to clearly show the details.
ALIGNMENT OF VIEWS
Always draw views in the “standard” arrangement...
Because CAD makes it easy to move whole views, it is

tempting to place views where they fit on the screen or
plotted sheet and not in the standard arrangement. This is not
acceptable.
3D CAD software that generates 2D drawing views as

projections of the 3D object usually has a setting to select
from third-angle or first-angle projection. Check your software
if you are unsure which projection methods are available.
REMOVED VIEWS
A removed view is a complete or partial view removed to another place on the sheet so that it
is no longer in direct projection with any other view.
Removed View Using View

Indicator Arrow
Removed View Using

Viewing-Plane Line
RIGHT-HAND AND LEFT-HAND PARTS
Often, parts function in pairs of similar opposite parts, but opposite
parts can rarely be exactly alike.
On sketches and drawings a left-hand part is noted as LH, and a right-hand part as RH.
Common Hole Features Shown in
Orthographic Views
Common Features Shown in
Orthographic Views
Common Features Shown in
Orthographic Views Continued…
Questions

Chapter 7 - 2D Drawing Representation PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7 - 2D Drawing Representation PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7 - 2D Drawing Representation PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2D DRAWING

Conventions are like rules for breaking the

Orthographic Views of Intersecting and

When the intersection is small, its When the intersection is larger, it

Rounds on a CAD Model of a

Runouts from different filleted

You can use a break line to limit the partial view…

Place the detail view on the sheet as

Because CAD makes it easy to move whole views, it is

3D CAD software that generates 2D drawing views as

Removed View Using View

Removed View Using

You might also like