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    عباس هادي
    The document discusses turbidity testing of a water sample from Al-Mansour University College in Iraq. It provides background on turbidity, defines it as cloudiness caused by suspended solids, and outlines objectives to examine a sample's turbidity and determine its suitability for drinking. Measurement methods using a turbidity meter or tube are described. World Health Organization and EPA standards of below 5 NTU and ideally 1 NTU are presented. The experiment measures samples using a nephelometer and finds they all exceed 5 NTU, making the water unfit for drinking.

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    الصحيه

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    عباس هادي
    25 views5 pages
    The document discusses turbidity testing of a water sample from Al-Mansour University College in Iraq. It provides background on turbidity, defines it as cloudiness caused by suspended solids, and outlines objectives to examine a sample's turbidity and determine its suitability for drinking. Measurement methods using a turbidity meter or tube are described. World Health Organization and EPA standards of below 5 NTU and ideally 1 NTU are presented. The experiment measures samples using a nephelometer and finds they all exceed 5 NTU, making the water unfit for drinking.

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    The document discusses turbidity testing of a water sample from Al-Mansour University College in Iraq. It provides background on turbidity, defines it as cloudiness caused by suspended solids, and outlines objectives to examine a sample's turbidity and determine its suitability for drinking. Measurement methods using a turbidity meter or tube are described. World Health Organization and EPA standards of below 5 NTU and ideally 1 NTU are presented. The experiment measures samples using a nephelometer and finds they all exceed 5 NTU, making the water unfit for drinking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views5 pages

    الصحيه

    Uploaded by

    عباس هادي
    The document discusses turbidity testing of a water sample from Al-Mansour University College in Iraq. It provides background on turbidity, defines it as cloudiness caused by suspended solids, and outlines objectives to examine a sample's turbidity and determine its suitability for drinking. Measurement methods using a turbidity meter or tube are described. World Health Organization and EPA standards of below 5 NTU and ideally 1 NTU are presented. The experiment measures samples using a nephelometer and finds they all exceed 5 NTU, making the water unfit for drinking.

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    REPUBLIC OF IRAQ

    MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION


    AL-MANSOUR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
    DEPARTMENT: Civil engineering
    CLASS: 4RD
    SUBJECT: Sanitary engineering

    Turbidity test

    Prepared By Supervisor
    Abbas Hadi Dr.Ameer Badr
    Jaseem
    Introduction :
    Turbidity, turbidity, or turbidity is the amount of cloud or impurities in the water.
    This can vary from a river full of mud and silt where it is impossible to see through
    the water (high turbidity), to spring water that appears crystal clear or clear (low
    turbidity).

    Turbidity can be caused by:

    silt, sand and clay;


    bacteria and other germs;
    chemical deposits.
    It is very important to check the cloudiness of domestic water supplies, as these
    supplies often undergo some type of water treatment that can be affected by
    c loudiness.
    It is very important to check the cloudiness of domestic water supplies, as
    these supplies often undergo some type of water treatment that can be affected
    by cloudiness.

    For example, during the rainy season when mud and silt are washed into rivers
    and streams, high turbidity can quickly contaminate filters and prevent them
    from working effectively.

    Objevtives :

    the purpose of the experiment


    Examining the turbidity of a water sample and thus knowing the suitability of
    the water for human consumption..

    1
    Turbidity measurement

    Turbidity can be measured using either an electronic turbidity meter or a


    turbidity tube. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages, as shown
    below.

    Turbidity is usually measured in renal turbidity units (NTU) or Jackson


    turbidity units (JTU), depending on the method used for measurement. The
    two units are almost equal.

    Devices and tools:

    Turbidity measuring device (Nephelo Meteric).


    Colloidal solutions known turbidity.
    Cylindrical test tubes.
    Pipette.

    WHO and EPA turbidity standards

    The World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency


    (EPA), establishes that the maximum permissible level (MPL) of turbidity in
    drinking water should not more than (5 NTU), and should ideally be below (1
    NTU)

    Turbidimeter - Lovibond
    TB 300 IR

    2
    Turbidity scale

    There are many different types of electronic turbidity meter available. Its
    advantages and disadvantages are as follows:

    the benefits:

    Extremely accurate and especially useful for measuring very low


    disturbances (less than 5 units)
    Disadvantages:

    high cost
    Need a power source (mains or battery)
    easily damaged

    It is impossible to give general guidelines on their use here. You should


    refer to the manufacturers instructions for the use and maintenance of
    these meters.

    The method of work

    First: Using the Nephilometer:


    We connect the turbidity device to electric power and leave it for a period of time
    to increase its temperature, and fill the test tube with the sample to be examined
    by pipette and placed in the device to know the extent of the turbidity it carries
    and indicate the area in which the turbidity of the sample appears by moving the
    relevant spiral.

    The standard working turbidity solution is placed in the range measured in the
    previous step.
    Change the internal resistance of the device so that the reading of the scale is
    equal to the number of turbidity of the standard solution used.
    The tube containing the sample is inserted into the device and its turbidity is read
    on the NTU plates.

    3
    Second:
    According to Jackson's method:
    This method depends on the ability of the light path through the sample to be
    examined, where the lower the darkening, the longer the light path, and vice
    versa. The JTU is used.

    Third:
    According to the sake method:
    It is used to measure the transmittance of light in a column of water.

    Discussion

    It was found in the practical experiment that we conducted that all


    the water samples that we tested were unfit for drinking, as the turbidity
    values exceeded the barrier of 5 NTU, which makes them unfit for
    drinking and should be rejected if they were displayed in a laboratory or
    water purification plant.

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