C IFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY'S

OF RARE AND ENDANGERED

PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA

j'. ( &.'
I' I

i\.
I
 Mod ifiers to Abbreviations Used
The CN PS R-E-D Code Cou nties and Quad rangles in Species Descri ptions

• R - RARITY * extirpated
ACEC Area of Critical
? u ncertai nty about d istri bution Environmental Concern
1 Rare in Cal ifornia, but fou n d in
or identity
sufficient n u m bers and d istributed AFB Air Force Base
widely enough that the potential ?* u ncertainty about d istri bution, BA Botan ical Area
for extinction is low at this time but extirpated if once present
BLM Bureau of Land
2 Di stri b uted i n a l i m ited n u m ber (*?) occu rrence confirmed, Managem ent
of occurrences in Cal ifornia, but possibly exti rpated
CalTrans California De partment
occasionally more if each
ofTransportation
occurrence is small
Cyn . Canyon
3 Distrib uted in California in one to
Mod ifiers to H abitat Types DFG Cal iforn ia Department
several highly restricted occurrences,
of Fish and Game
or present in such small n u m bers
that it is seldo m reported (descriptor) DOD Un ited States
pertains o n ly to the habitat Department of Defense
im med iately preced ing ER Ecol ogical Reserve
• E - E N D AN G E RM E NT
/ descriptor Ft. Fort
1 Not very end angered in Cal i fornia pertains to all habitats preced ing HCP H abitat Conservation Plan
2 Fairly endangered in California Mt. Mount
3 Seriously endangered in Cal ifornia Mtn . Mou ntain
Mtns. Mou ntains
• D - D I STR I B UTI O N NA North America

M ore o r l ess widespread NF N ational Forest

outside Californ ia NM National Mon ument
2 Rare outside Cal iforn ia NP National Park

3 Endemic to Californ ia NS National Seashore

Pk. Peak
Pt. Point
RNA Research N atural Area
SP State Park
SR State Reserve
TN C The N ature Conservancy
USFS United States Forest Service
USFWS United States Fish
and Wildlife Service
WA Wild l i fe Area
 T H E C AL I FO R N I A N AT I V E PLA N T SOC I ETY

Rare Plant Scientific

Executive Cou ncil, 200 1 Advisory Com m ittee, 200 1

Sue Britting Barbara Ertter

PRESIDENT CHAIR

J i m Bishop Roxanne Bittman

The Cal iforn ia Native Plant Society VICE PRESIDENT, ADMINISTRATION Steve Boyd
gratefully acknowledges significant J oanna Clines
Steve Hartman
financial support for this project VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE Beth Corbin
from the Chevron Corp oration, David Chi pp i n g To ni Core l l i
the Lawrence R. Heckard Endow­ VICE PRESIDENT, CONSERVATION Betty Guggolz
ment Fu nd of the J epson Herbari­ Ann Dennis Jennie Haas
um (awarded to Mark W. Skinner VICE P R ES I D ENT , RARE PLANTS Anne Halford
and Barbara Ertter on behalf of Deborah H i l l yard Steve Ingram
CN PS), the ARCO Fou n datio n , VICE PRESIDENT, VEGETATION David Kei l
Psomas a n d Associates, H u m boldt Carol Baird David Magney
State U n iversity Botany Students, CO-VICE PRESIDENT, EDUCATION
John McRae
Maynard Moe
Carlyn Halde, Gladys Baird , and Lorrae Fuentes
CO-VICE PRESIDENT, EDUCATION
Kathleen Nelson
Ben and Ruth Hammett.
Dan Norris
S usan D' Alcamo-Potter
The Cal ifornia Native Plam Society Brad O lson
CO-VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLICATIONS

is an organization of laypersons Jon Rebman

G reg j i rak Andy Sanders
and professionals un ited by an CO-VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLICATIONS
Robert Sc hl ising
interest in Californ ia plants. Mem­ David Magney Gary Schoolcraft
bershi p i n the Society is open to VICE PRESIDENT, LEGISLATION
J i m Shevock
everyone, and exists to conserve Will iam McCoy Teresa Sholars
and protect Cal iforn ia native plants VICE PRESIDENT, DEVELOPMENT
James P. Sm ith, J r.
in their natural habitat, and to Patt McDaniel Dean W. Taylor
educate mem bers and the public VICE PRESIDENT, CHAPTER RELATIONS
Dieter W i l ken
about the California Aora. CNPS J oan Stewart Carol Witham
achieves this throu g h the p u b l ica­ RECORDING SECRETARY

tion of ed ucational materials, d is­ Jake Sigg

PAST PRESIDENT
tri bution of scientific information,
promotion of l egal protection for Charl i Danielsen
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
rare plants and their habitats, local
advocacy for plant protection, and j ohn Game
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
fostering of appropriate horticul­
tural use of Cal iforn ia native Diana Hickson
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
plants.
Janell H i l l man
I nquiries concern ing mem bersh i p, DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE

other Society publications, and M a ry S i m pson

activities should be directed to DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE

C N PS, 1 722 J Street, Suite 1 7, Dirk Walters

DIRECTOR-AT·LARGE
Sacramento, CA 958 1 4. By phone:
9 1 6/447-2677, via emai l :
cnps@cnps. org, and o n the web: Allen Barnes
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
www.cnps.org.
I n ve nto ry of Rare a n d E n d a ngered P l a n ts of Cal i fo rn i a
 C AL I FO R N I A N AT I V E PLA N T SOC I ETY' S

INVENTORY
OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D

PLA N TS OF C AL I FO R N I A

Under the auspices and direction of the

Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee

California Native Plant Society

Convening Editor

DAVID P. TIBOR

Rare Plant Botanist, California Native Plant Society

lllustratations by Linda Ann Vorobik

I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D AN G E R E D P L A NT S O F C A L I F O R N I A
( S I XT H E D I T I O N )

Pu blished August 2 0 0 1 by the Californ ia Native Plant Society

Copyright© 2001 by the Califo rnia Native Plant Society. All rights reserved . Except for brief
g uotations, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
mechanical means without the prior permission of the publisher. Reguests should be made
to CNPS, 1 72 2 J Street, Suite 1 7, Sacramento, CA 958 1 4; phone 9 1 6/447-2677.

Design and com position by Seventeenth Street Stud ios

Printed and bound in the U n ited States by Mal loy Lithographing

ISBN 0-943460-40-9
Library of Congress Control N u m ber: 2 00 1 09281 1

Publ ication i n any form of data from the CNPS Inventory ofRare and Endangered Plants
ofCalifornia m ust be accompanied by acknowledgment of the source. Please cite data as:
CN PS. 2 0 0 1 . Inventory ofRare and Endangered Plants ofCalifornia (sixth editi o n ) .
Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Com m i ttee, David P . Ti bor, Convening Editor.
California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. x + 388pp.
 George Ledyard Stebbins, J r. M ary De Decker
(January 6, 1906 -January 19, 2000) (October 3, 1909 September 5, 2000)
-

George Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. was one Mary De Decker was a dedicated
of the lead i ng plant evolutio nary biolo­ botanist and ardent conservationist
gists of the twentieth century. A pri­ fro m the Owens Val ley. Her botanical
mary architect of the evolutionary efforts added i m m ensely to our knowl­
synthesis of the 1 930s and 40s, his edge of the flora of eastern Californ ia,
1 950 volume Variation and Evolution in and she eventually collected an herbar­
Plants is stil l widely regarded as a land­ i u m of over 6,000 specimens (which
mark i n p lant systematic and evol u­ now resides at Rancho Santa Ana Bo­
tionary biology. In addition to being a tanic Garden). She discovered several
leading theorist, Ledyard was also an plant taxa new to science, incl uding
The sixth edition of the active conservationist. He spearheaded J u ly gold (Dedeckera eurekensis) and Fish
C N PS Inventory of Rare many efforts to conserve native plants Slough m i l k-vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus
and Endangered Plants of and their habitats, including those to var. piscinensis). I n 1 984, the Society
protect the famous " Evo l ution H i l l " on publ ished the results of much of these
California is dedi cated to the Monterey Pen insula ( now the S . F. B. efforts in her Flora ofthe Northern Mojave
George Ledyard Stebbins, J r., Morse Botanical Area) . He served as Desert. A stalwart conservationist,
and M ary De Decker. the president of the Cal iforn ia Native she di d m uch to preserve the fragile
Plant Society from 1 966 to 1 972, and resources of the eastern S ierra and
was named a CN PS Fel l ow in 1 976. nearby desert areas. H er effo rts were
Ledyard founded the C N PS Rare Plant instru mental in protecting the Owens
Program, which began i n 1 968 with his Val ley from damaging water exports
card fi le of Cal ifornia plants of l i mited and the Eureka Dunes from degrada­
distri bution. From these begin n i ngs the tion by off-road vehicles. Mary was
CN PS Inventory was born, first appear­ named a CNPS Fel l ow in 1 977, and
ing i n 1 97 1 . H is theoretical contribu­ founded the Bristlecone Chapter of
tions to our knowledge of botany and CN PS in 1 982. Her knowledge of, dedi­
evolutionary mechanisms, and his ded­ cation to, and l ove for the flora of our
ication to the protection of our flora state have been an inspiration to many,
and su pport for the Society, represent a and she wi l l be greatly missed .
monu mental botanical legacy for wh ich
all who appreciate the great wealth and
d iversity of California's native flora may
be gratefu l .
 Conte nts

j
Acknowledgments IX

INTRODUCTION TO RARITY

Introd uction
Rarity in Vascular Plants 2
PEGGY L. FIEDLER

Rare B ryophytes in California s

JAMES R . SHEV O C K

B i b l i ography for Biol ogy and Conservation of Rare Plants 7

PEGGY L. FIEDLER AND JAMES P. SMITH, JR.

STATE LEVEL POLICY

Conserving Plants with Laws and Progra m s

unde r the California Departm ent of Fish and G a m e 12
SANDRA MOREY AND DIANE IKEDA

Plants Listed o r Candidates Und er

the Cal ifornia Endangered S pecies Act 17
The California N atural Diversity Database:
California's N atural H eritage Program 19
ROXANNE L. BITTMAN

The N atural Com m unities Program 21

TODD KEELER-WOLF

FEDERAL LEVEL POLICY

The Fed eral Endangered S pecies Act and

Rare Plant Protection in California 24
JIM A. BARTEL, JAN C. KNIGHT, AND DIANE ELAM

Plants Listed or Pro posed

Und er the Federal Endangered S pecies Act 30

S ensitive Plant M anagement on the

N ational Forests and G rassl ands in California 32
BRADLEY E . HOWELL

Rare Plant Conservation on

Bureau of Land Management Lands 35
JOHN WILLOUGHBY

VII
VIII CONTENTS

CNPS GUIDELINES AND PO LICIES

CNPS Botanical S u rvey G uide lines 38

CNPS Policies 41
Pol icy Regard ing Mitigation of I m pacts to Rare and Endangered Plants
Statement Opposing Transplantation as M i tigation for I m pacts to Rare Plants
Pol icy on Appropriate Appl icatio n of Ex Situ Conservation Tec h n iques
Policy with Regard to Plant Col lecting for Educational Purposes
Policy on Col lecting Guidelines and Docu mentation Tec h n iq ues
Pol icy on Nonvascu lar Plants

THE CNPS INVENTORY

H istory of the CN PS Rare Plant Program and Inventory 47

Numerical Analysis ofThis and Previou s Editions 50

Uses of the CN PS Inventory 52

The Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of California 53
Basis for I nclusion
Scientifi c Names
Common Names
Fam i ly N ames
N omenclatural Usage
C N PS List
C N PS R-E-D Code
State and Federal Status
Distribution
Quadrangles
Habitat Types
Elevation
Life Form
Blooming Period
N otes

Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California 61

AP PENDIXES

I: Map a n d List of USGS 7. 5' Quadrangle Maps 293

II: Plants of List l A and List 3 , the Lists of Uncertainty 321
Ill: Plants b y Cou nty and Island 322
I V: Plants by Common Name 353
V: Plants by Fam i ly 372
VI: Plants New to this Edition 384
VI I : CN D D B California Native Species Field Su rvey Form 387
 Ackn owl e d g m e nts

he past ed itors of the Inventory, nard Moe, Kath leen Ne lson, Brad Walden are especially appreciated .
Bob Powe l l , J ane Cole, John Olson, J on Rebm an, Andy Sanders, Richard Moe and Tony Morosco gra­
Sawyer, J ames P. S m ith , J r. , Ro bert Schlising, Gary Schoolcraft, ciously faci l itated digital data acquisi­
and Bruce Pavli k, initially compi led J i m Shevock, Teresa Sholars, James P. tion fro m U C Berkeley / Jepson
much of the information presented Sm ith, J r. , Dean Taylor, Di eter Wi l ken, Combined Herbaria via SMASCH .
herein. Rick York and Ken Berg, past and Carol Witham . Tony also performed a large amount of
CNPS Botanists, co-edited various edi ­ Much of the painstaking and often essential literature research for new
tions and paved the way for prepara­ ted ious research involved in production add itions to the Inventory.
tion of this one. Former CN PS Botanist of this volume was performed by Rare J i m Shevock led the efforts to incor­
Mark Skinner d eserves special notice Plant Program assistants. Melissa porate nonvascular plant taxa into this
for his efforts during the early develop­ Kauffman devoted nearly two years to edition for the fi rst time, with extensive
m ent of the sixth ed ition. H i s reviews the development of the sixth edition, assistance from Dan Norris. We greatly
resulted in the identification of many perform ing l ibrary and herbarium appreciate their efforts to expand con­
possible new additions and rankings research, determining distributions of servation concern to these i m portant
changes, and set the tone for the com­ countless taxa, and checking the data components of California's biod iversity.
prehensive revision that the sixth edi­ in a num ber of ways. Her efforts were The generosity of the Department of
tion was to become. critical to the accu racy and comprehen­ Fish and Game (DFG) in sharing office
We thank J i m Shevock, past Vice siveness of this document. Karen Con­ space and faci l ities since 1 982 has
President for Pl ant Programs, for his verse was also instrumental in bringing made close collaboration with our
d i rection and guidance during the early this ed ition to fruition. She performed a m ost i m portant partner a reality. We
years of development of this ed ition. wi de range of research and data man­ thank DFG Natural Diversity Database
Current Vice President for Rare Plants agement tasks, and her efforts were ( CNDDB) staff Amy Kasameyer, Tim
Ann Dennis has led the Rare Plant Pro­ greatly appreciated and highly valued. N osal, and H eather Townsend for their
gram since 1 997, and was responsible Former CNPS Botanist Rick York assist­ assistance and cooperation over the
for overseeing much of the develop­ ed with research on many of the newly years. Roxanne Bittman, the C N D D B
m ent of this ed ition. Roy West assisted added taxa. Interns Alicia Cook and Botanist, deserves special recognition
with project management during the Keith M i l ler performed detailed com­ for her close cooperation, encourage­
production phase of this volume. parisons between datasets. ment, and advice during all phases of
Special thanks go to the mem bers of The curators and staff of the this proj ect. Roxanne performed
the Rare Plant Sci entific Advisory herbaria at the University of Cal ifornia countl ess data reviews, hel ped faci li­
Comm ittee ( RPSAC), who took on a at Berkeley, Davis, Riverside, and Santa tate all of the regional RPSAC meet­
greatly expanded role during the d evel­ Barbara, Humboldt State University, ings, and spent weeks following up on
opment of this edition. Barbara Ert­ Chico State University, Sonoma State taxonomy issues and other necessary
ter's oversight of the reorganization University, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic data. Even more so than previous edi­
and revital ization of RPSAC was criti­ Garden, Santa Barbara Botanic Gar­ tions, the sixth edition is a joint effort,
cal. Regional mem bers scrutinized den, San Diego Natural H istory Muse­ and we applaud this new level of coop­
d ata from their areas of the state and um, and the Cal ifornia Academy of eration with our valued partner
led the regional data review efforts­ Sciences made their coll ections and CNDDB, and with D FG as a whole.
they are Steve Boyd , J oanna Cl ines, libraries available to us at all ti mes, for We thank the staff at the DFG
Beth Corbin, Toni Core l l i, Mary wh ic h we are most gratefu l . The volun­ Species Conservation and Recovery
DeDecker (d ecease d ) , Betty Guggolz, teer research efforts ofJudy Gi bson, Program , specifi cally Sandra Morey,
J ennie Haas, Ann e Halford, Steve Suzanne Granger, Julie Green, Evelyn Diana H ickson, and Diane I keda, for
Ingra m , David Keil , J ohn M cRae, M ay- H ealy, Dave Silverman, and Chris their assistance and cooperation.

IX
x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Botan ical staff of the U .S . Fish and agency cooperation and data sharing. servancy provided new H eritage Pro-
Wildlife Service, The Nature Conser- We sincerely thank the contributors gram ranki ngs and codes.
vancy, the U .S. Bureau of Land Man- of introductory articles for the sixth Last, but certai n ly not least, come
agement, the National Park Service, edition: Jim A. Bartel, Roxanne L. the contri butions of many i n d ividuals -
the Cal ifornia Department of Parks Bittman, Diane Elam, Peggy L. Fied ler, amateur and professional alike - upon
and Recreati on, the Cal ifornia Depart- Brad ley E. H owe l l , Diane I keda, Todd which th is Inventory is based . In t he list
ment ofTransportati on, the California Keeler-Wolf, Jan C. Kn ight, Sandra below we specifically acknowledge the
Department of Food and Agriculture, Morey, J ames R. Shevock, James P. help of those who made a special
the Cal ifornia Energy Com m ission, and S mith, J r. , and John Wi lloughby. effort on the current ed itio n . They are,
the U.S. Forest Service a l l deserve spe- Rob Coman provided techn ical of course, add ing to a fou ndation b ui lt
cial recogn ition because of their many assistance with database procedures. by the hundreds of contributors to
contri butio ns, both of d ata and id eas. Lora Kon de of DFG assisted with GI S past editions. We are pleased to
The Forest Service's many dedicated q ual ity control of our distributional acknowledge the contri butions of:
botanists are a nationwide model of data. Gwen Davis ofThe Nature Con-

Lowel l Ahart Virgi nia Dains Sylvia Haultain Larry Levi ne Dennis Odion Conni e Spenger
l l eene Anderson W.S. Davis R.T. Hawke Russ Lewis Robert Orn duff Fred Spro u l
Leonel Arguel l o Alva Day Kerry Heise Rich Lis ( d eceased) Veva Stansell
Phyl l is Ashmead Sally De Becker Mary Ann Henry Aaron Liston Vern Oswald Joh n Stebbins
Mark Bagley Bruce Delgado Deb H i l lyard John Little Bruce Parfitt Diane Steeck
Susan Bain bridge J i m Dice Jeri H i rsh berg M ickey Lo ng Bob Patterson Carrie Stewart
Bruce Baldwin J ohn Dittes Bob Ho l land David Magney Diane Payne Pat Stone
Blaze Baker Mark Dodero Pete H o l loran Sally Mann i ng Arn ie Peterson Janet Takara
M ichael Barbour M i ke Dolan Glen Ho lstein Jenny Marr And rea Pickart Chris Thayer
J i m Bartel Al isa Durgarian Wendy H ooper Craig Martz Rob Preston Tim Thomas
Robyn Battagl ia Steve Edwards Lisa Hoover Corky Matthews Barry Prigge Kathy Van Zuuk
Peter Baye Annie Eicher Jul ie Horenstei n Steve Matthews Mitch Provance J u l i e Vanderweir
Mitch Beaucham p Diane Elam Ann Howald Steve McCabe Roger Raiche Michael Vasey
Tony Bomkam p Scott Eliason Fred H rusa N iall McCarten Craig Reiser Dev Volgari no
Mona Bourell Kathy Erwi n Lori H u b bart H . P. McDonald James Reveal Sue Vri lakas
David Bramlet Susan Erwin Paula H u b bard Malcol m Mcleod Mary Rhyne Gary Wal lace
Angel ica Tina Fabula Dave I m per Dale McNeal Fred Roberts Jr. Denise Waterbury
Brinkm an-Busi Stan Farwig Dave Isle Joe Medeiro s J i m and G eo rgi e Clare Wh ee l er
Roy Buck B i l l Ferlatte Lawrence Janeway Ann Mend ers- Robinette Jennifer Wheeler
Richard Burgess Wayne Ferren Greg J i rak hausen Wayne Rol l e Scott White
Don Burk Peggy Fiedler Steve J u nak John Messina J. H awkeye Howie Wier
Eva Buxton Sarah Flowers J i m my Kagan Mary Meyer Rondeau (deceased)
Joe Cal l izo Allan Fone Jennifer Kalt Joe Molter Cynthia Roye Barbara Wi l l iams
Syd ney Carothers M i ke Foster Tod d Keeler-Wolf Peggy Moore Connie Rutherford Chuck Wil l iams
Barbara Castro Al Franklin Rob Kl inger J i m Morefield Jake Ruygt Margaret Wi l l its
Kenton Cham bers Sue Fritzke Jan Kn ight Randy Morgan All ison Sanger Ann Wil lyard
Zoe Chand i k Ken Ful l er Marla Kn ight Barbara Moritsch Vince Scheidt Barbara Wilson
Sarah Chaney Ty Garrison Walter Kn ight Larry Morse Douglas Schemske Scott Wil son
Katie Ch ess Matt Gause Jason Koontz Mai le Neel Clifford Schm idt Kirsten Winter
David Chipping Clare Golec Jeann in e Koshear Jim Nelson Stacy Scott Carl Wishner
George Clark J eff Greenhouse Tony LaBanca Julie Nelson Dave Showers Michael Wood
( d eceased) Mary Ann Griggs Dianne Lake Guy Nesom Mary Ann Showers Vern Yadon
Glen Clifton Jack Guggolz Meredith Lane Gail Newton Jake Sigg Dana York
Susan Cochrane Richard Hanes Melody Lard ner Vi rgi nia Norris J oe Si lviera David Zippin
Ronald Coleman Linnea Hanson Barbara Leitner (deceased) Alan Sm ith
Li ncoln Constance Clare Hard ham Brian LeNeve Patti Novak Doreen Smith
( d eceased) Sandy Hare Gordon Leppig Bart O' Brien Syd ney Sm ith
E l len Cyp her Steve Hartman Larry LePre Tom O berbauer Bob Soost

!I
 I n tro d u ct i o n

alifornia's flora is unusually Human i m pacts, i nc lud i ng urbaniza­

d iverse. About 6,300 vascular tion and agricultural conversion, alter­
plants - ferns and fern allies, ation of natural processes, and the
gym nosperms, and fl owering plants - i ntroduction of nonnative plants and
are native to California, more than we animals, th reaten our rich flora. Rare
fi n d in the entire north eastern U n ited plants are i n herently vulnerable, since
States and adj acent Canada, an area even small losses can tip a rare species
ten times as large. There are also an toward extinctio n . Likewise vul nerable
estim ated 750 native bryophytes - are species that are dependent on spe­
mosses, l iverworts, and hornworts. The cial ized habitats that are being frag­
wonderful d iversity of our landscapes mented , degraded, or completely
sets the stage for this d iversity of plant e l i m i nated. For exam ple, 90-95% of
li fe. With in the boundaries of this state our vernal pools are gone, and native
are extremes - from d eserts below sea grasslands in the Central Val l ey occupy
level to high alpine meadows, fro m only 1 % of their former extent. Much
rain forests to arid succulent scrub. I n of the coastal scrub of southern Cali­
addition, our state's complex geology forn ia has been urbanized , as have
and topography produces a wi de d iver­ other lowland regions of the state.
sity of soi l types. Widely contrasting More i nsidious and operating over the
hab itat conditions closely juxtaposed l onger term, human-caused alter­
produce ample opportun ities for ati ons i n the global c l i mate th reaten
genetic isolation and speciation. The to fundamentally alter the landscape
result has been impressive adaptive of Cal ifornia.
radiations within such groups as Arc­ We rely on information as our most
tostaphylos, Astragalus, Castilleja, Eriogon­ effective conservation tool . For over 30
um, Lupinus, Mimulus, and many genera years, the CN PS Inventory has served as
i n the Asteraceae, to name only a few. a forum for regul ar review of the status
I ndeed , most of our rare plants are of rare pl ants by a broad body of scien­
specialists adapted to a particular tists and field botan ists, and as a
combi nation of cli mate and substrate means of bringing that critical informa­
and many are mem bers of one of these tion to the attention of regulatory
recently d iverging groups. agencies and the co ncerned publ ic. In
Mimulus pictus
In addition to being unusually this way, the Inventory supports both
d iverse, California's flora is outstand­ proactive conservation plan n i ng and
ing i n that more than a third of its effective enforcement of environ mental
native species, subspecies, and varieties laws that protect rare species. Th e
are endemics - restricted to a particu­ Inventory also bui lds a foundation for
lar l ocal ity or hab itat with in the state. stewardship and conservation action
The h igh proportion of endem ics i n by celebrating the richness of Cal ifor­
our flora, a conseguence o f our unusu­ nia's rare flora and by broadening our
al cli mate and landscape, gives us a understanding and appreciation of
special responsi b i lity - protecting a these unique and endangered plants.
large number of species that occur
nowhere else in the world.
 l
Rarity i n Vascu lar Plants
P E G G Y L. F I E D L E R

ascular plants can be rare for species is defined by its abundance, abundance ( Figure 2 ) . Th is system
an astonish ing variety of rea­ d istribution, and persistence through identifies seven possible forms of rari­
sons. Broad ly speaking, how­ evolutionary time ( Fiedler and Aho use ty, six of wh ich can be used to classify
ever, a species is rare either because it 1 9 9 2 ) . Patterns of di stribution and rarities for floristic regions, as has
l ives in a very l i m ited habitat ( "natural" abundance that classify rarity have been done for the British Isles ( Rabi­
rarity) or because its habitat has been been descri bed genera l ly for animals nowitz, Cairns, and Di l lon 1 9 86) , but
converted by humans to other uses ( M ayr 1 963 ) as wel l as for pl ants not yet for California. One of the l i m i ­
( "anthropogenic" rarity). Natural rari­ ( Drury 1 974, 1 980), but seldom have tations o f t h i s scheme, however, is that
ties, therefore, are those species that they been app l i ed to specifi c problems the causes of rarity (e.g., l i m ited avail­
always have been rare during their evo­ in biological conservation. abil ity of suitable habitats) are not
lutionary history, or currently are rare Consideration of such patterns of di stinguished fro m the consequences of
by today's standards. Anthropogenic distribution and abundance, coupled rarity (e.g., loss of rare a l l eles). Both
rarities are those species that may (or with oth er inherent biological charac­ cause and consequence have i m pl ica­
may not!) have been widespread in the teristics, allows rare species to be tions for rare plant management. The
historic past, but th rough relatively grouped into distinct classes. Cl assifi­ goal of conserving biological d iversity
recent negative interactions with cations are essential to articulating wi l l best be served if pol iticians, deve l­
human populations, are greatly frag­ what d ifferences actually di stinguish opers, and conservationists recognize
m ented, restricted to a few small, cl asses, in this case, of plant rarity, that there are d i fferent types of rarity
i m peri led populations, or both. Each ulti mately l ead ing to protection efforts am ong plants, and that each may
general cl ass of rarity has its own set of that can be tied expl icitly to individual require a d i fferent form of protection
consequences that must be considered classes of rare species. For exam ple, a and management.
for a rare species' conservation and particularly persuasive classifi cation of
management. natural rarities was proposed by Rabi­ Causes of Rarity
nowitz ( 1 98 1 ), who expl icitly tied
Patte rns of Rarity habitat specific ity to geography and Although rare pl ants can be classified
by different patterns of distribution and
What d oes it mean to be rare? abundance, as i l lustrated above, this
Essential ly, using the word " rare" is a Wide
does not explain the many biological
statement about the geographic d is­ Cypripedium californicum
and anth ropogenic factors causing
tri bution and population sizes of a A/ these patterns. Indeed, develo ping an
particular species. Rarity, in fact, understanding into the causes of rarity
descri bes at least three different bio­ Tuctoria r;ucronata for any particular taxon can be

I
logical poss i b i l ities ( Figure 1 ). A rare approached one of three ways (Gaston
taxon can be A) b roadly d istri bu�ed , Limnanthes bakeri
1 994). Most com m only, researchers

I
but never auundant where found ( e.g. , investigate the biological and ecological
Cypripedium californicum); B) narrowly B parameters of an individual taxon to
Narrow C
d istributed or clumped, and abundant determine which l ife history traits l imit
Low ABUNDANCE High
where found ( e.g., Limnanthes bakeri); a species' distribution and abundance.
or, C) narrowly distri buted or clumped, Pavli k's work on Amsinckia grandiflora is
Figure 1 . The term "rarity" is used to de­
and not abundant where found (e.g., seminal in this regard ( Pavli k 1 994,
scribe a spectrum of combinations of abun­
Tuctoria mucronata) . Geograph i c distri­ 1 995; Pavl ik, N ickrent, and H owald
d ance and distri bution patterns. All of the
butions of rarity also can include a shaded area is often considered "rare" 1 993). A second approach is to com­
tem poral d i m ension, such that a rare (adapted from Fied ler and Ahouse 1 99 2 ) . pare the biology of rare taxa with closely

2
 R A R I T Y I N VA S C U L A R P LA N T S 3

G E OG R A P H IC R A N G E LARGE SMALL

H AB I TAT S P EC I F IC I TY WIDE N ARROW WIDE N A R RO W

Widespread taxa Predictable taxa U n l i kely endemic taxa Endemic taxa

LARGE, DOMINANT, COMMON P LANTS Downingia humilis Allium munzii Calochortus tiburonensis
LOCAL POPULATIONS

SMALL, NON-DOMINANT , S PARS E PLANTS Torreya californica N ON-EX I STENT? Lathyrus jepsonii ssp. jepsonii
LOCAL POPULATIONS Achnatherum lettermanii

Table 1. Seven forms of rarity, after Rabinowitz (1981), with examples from the Cal i fornia flora.

related congeners. Fiedler's ( 1987) a l ly d ozens of causes that contri bute includes the class paleoendem ics, as
work on Calochortus i n California, and to plant rarity, but the brief d iscussion wel l as the classes schizoendemics,
Karro n's ( 1987) work on Astragalus in below emphasizes only the major patroendemics, and apoendemics.
Colorado stand out, and together pro­ genetic expl anations. Most representatives of the last three
vided a model empirical framework for I n Californ ia, many vascular plant categories are believed to be new
u nderstanding rarity in an evolutionary species are rare because they are either species, although some are of mod er­
context. Animal ecologists recently have new species ( i .e. , "neoendemics") or ate or even relatively old age.
championed this approach (see Ku nin old ones ( i . e . , " paleoendemics" ) . Sch izoendemics have more or less
and Gaston 1997), although translat­ Neoendemics are found frequently i n s i m u ltaneo usly d iverged fro m a com­
ing insights from rare animal taxa to geologically youthful habitats, and mon ancestor, as have many of the rare
less mobile organisms, such as plants, often their rarity is partly a function of taxa in Ceonothus sect. Cerastes such as
can be both l i m ited and inappropriate. their youth-i n some cases these plants Ceanothus roderickii and C. ophiochilus.
Lastly, a th ird approach, less wel l devel­ have not had ti me to expand their The remaining two categories are espe­
oped , is to search for the relationship range from their point of origin to their cial ly i m portant because they contain
between a rare species' geographic climatic and geological l i m its. Such most of California's rare species.
range and/or popu lation size and any taxa include mem bers of the Limnanthes Patroendemics are d i ploid species of
plausible factor that might cause rarity. floccosa com plex from vernal pools, and l i m ited geographic d istri bution that
Gaston ( 1994) poi nts out that th is Linanthus arenicola and Oenothera californi­ are related to, and probably ancestral
approach is strictly correlative at spatial ca ssp. eurekensis from the Mojave to, a more recent and widespread
and temporal scales where experimen­ Desert. Clarkia lingulata, of the Sierra species. Patroendem ics and their prob­
tal support can not be sought. Nevada foothills, is another wel l-known able descendants include, among
Nearly a decade ago, Fied ler and neoendem ic. In contrast, some of our m any others, the very restricted
Ahouse ( 1992) identified thirteen gen­ most famous rare or restricted species, endemic Clarkia imbricata (n 8) and its
=

e ral categories of factors that proba­ such as Abies bracteata, Carpenteria cali­ derivative po lyp lo id C. purpurea ( n =

bly contri bute to rarity, i ncluding ten fornica, Lyonothamnus floribundus, Pin us 26); Galium clematis ( n 11) and G. cali­
=

that were related to the biology of rare radiata, P. torreyana, and Sequoiadendron fornicum ( n 44, 66); and Tonestus (for­
=

species and three that were related to giganteum are paleoendem ics that were merly Haplopappus) eximius ( n 9) and
=

human activities. With i n each catego­ once more broadly d istri buted, but T peirsonii ( n = 45). I n contrast to
ry, they listed up to ten specific causes have retreated to their current ranges i n patroendemics, apoendemics are
of rarity. For example, the general cat­ response t o dramatic climatic change. defi n ed as polyploids of l i m ited geo­
egory " H u man Uses" i ncl udes the spe­ Perhaps the most significant classifi­ graphic distri bution that are either
cific causes of horticultural trade, cation of Cal iforn ia's rare species is sympatric or parapatric to more wide­
aborigi nal uses, a species' role in that of Stebbins and Major ( 1965), spread d i ploid (or lower degree poly­
ancient and/or modern medicine, and who presented an extensive analysis of ploid) species, from which they are
a species' rol e in past or present i n dus­ Cal ifornia's endemic plants, many of likely descended. Apoendemic pai rs
try; the general category of"Stochas­ them rarities, in the flora. Their classifi­ include the rare Dudleya saxosa ssp. sax­
ticity" includes both d e mographic and cation is based upon taxon age, sys­ osa ( n 68, 85) and its probable par­
=

environmental causes. There are l iter- tematic position, and cytology, and ent 0. saxosa ssp. a/aides ( n 17), which
=
4 RARITY IN VASCULAR PLANTS

is also a rare plant; Lomatium repostum one form or another of human-induced Kruckeberg, A . R. 1 984. Cal i fornia serpen­
( n 2 2 ) and L. lucidum ( n 11); and
= = detrimental changes in their popula­ tines: Flora, vegetation, geology, soi ls,
Pensternon heterodoxus var. shastensis ( n
= tions and/or habitat, become anthro­ and management problems. University of
2 2 ) and the more widespread P. hetero­ pogenic rarities needing immediate California Publications in Botany 78: 1 - 1 80.
doxus var. heterodoxus ( n 8). Raven and
= protection and recovery. Kruckeberg, A . R., and D. Rabinowitz. 1 985.
Axelrod ( 1978) thoroughly sum m a­ It is still i m possible at this time to Biological aspects of endemism i n h igher
rized the origin of California endem ics, general ize about why species are rare plants. Annual Review ofEcology and System­
and Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz (1985) because rarity is - and not just from a atics 1 6:447-479.
discuss the biol ogy of endemic plant broad perspective - an idiosyncratic Ku n i n , W. E. and K.J . Gaston, eds. 1 997.
species i n deta i l . bio logical attri bute. Having said this, The Biology ofRarity. Causes and Conse­
Many rare species i n California and however, it is stil l vitally i m portant for quences ofRare-Common Differences. Chap­
elsewhere are restricted to specific soil California's botanists to seek an under­ man & Hall, Lon d o n . 280 pp.
types, and are therefore considered standing of the biology of our rare Mayr, E. 1 963. Animal Species and Evolution.
"edaphic ende m ics. " The mechan ism species, to know the ge nesis of their The Bel knap Press of Harvard U n iversity
of plant adaptation and subsequent rarity, and to understand the current Press. Cambridge, MA.
restriction to unusual soils that gener­ th reats to rare species' persistence. Pavl ik, B.M. 1 994. Demographic monitoring
ates edaphic endem ics may be complex, Armed with such knowledge, rare plant and the recovery of endangered plants.
but typ ically involves physiological tol­ taxa in Cal ifornia and elsewhere can be Pages 322-350 in M .C. Bowles and C.
erance to m i neral i m bal ances or toxic more appropriately managed with Whelan, eds. Recovery and Restoration of
m i neral s. Cal ifornia's serpentinite flora much better chances for long term sur­ Endangered Species. Cam bridge U n iversity
is wel l known worldwide in this regard, viva l . Much work lies ahead for Press. Cambridge, U K.
and it contains both common and rare botanists in Cal ifornia. Pavlik, B.M. 1 99 5 . Th e recovery ofan endan­
species, including 300 taxa in this gered plant I I . A three-phased approach
Inventory. Fam i l iar serpenti nite rarities • LI T E R ATU R E C I T E D to restoring populations. Pages 49-69 in
include Calochortus tiburonensis, Streptan­ K. M . Urbanska and K. Grodzinska, eds.
Darwi n, C. 1 85 9 . O n the Origin ofSpecies by
Restoration Ecology in Europe. Geobotanical
thus morrisonii, and Hesperolinon, a genus Means ofNatural Selection, or The Preserva­ Institute SFIT. Zurich, Switzerland .
composed almost exclusively of rare tion ofFavoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
serpentinite endem ics. Kruckeberg's John M u rray, London. Pavli k, B. M . , D.L. Nickrent, a n d A . M .
( 1984) m onograph on Cal iforn ia ser­ Howald. 1 993. The recovery o f a n
Dru ry, W. H . 1 974. Rare species. Biological
endangered plant. I . Creating a new
penti n ite flora provides an excellent Conservation 6: 1 62-1 6 9 . popu lation of Amsinckia grandiflora. Con­
starting point for understanding the
Drury, W. H . 1 980. Rare species o f plants. servation Biology 7: 5 1 O-S26.
evolution, distri bution, and manage­ Rhodora 82:3-48.
ment of plant species restricted to Rab i nowitz, D. 1 98 1 . Seven forms of rarity.
Fiedler, P.L. 1 987. Life history and popu la­ Pages 2 05-2 1 7 in H. Synge, ed . The Bio­
these substrates.
tion dynamics of rare and common mari­ logical Aspects ofRare Plant Conservation.
posa l i l ies. journal ofEcology 7S: 977-995 . J o h n Wiley & Sons. New York, NY.
Conclusion
Fied ler, P.L. , a n d J .J . Ahouse. 1 99 2 . H ierar­ Rabinowitz, D., S. Cairns, and T. Dillon.
c h i es of cause: Toward an u nderstand­ 1 986. Seven forms of rarity and their fre­
Darwin ( 1859) wrote that rarity is
ing of rarity i n vascular plant species. quency i n the Aora of the British Isles.
l i n ked inseparably with the exti nction
Pages 23-47 in P.L. Fiedler and S . K. Jain, Pages 1 82-204 in M. Sou le, ed . Conserva­
process. I ndeed, conservationist biolo­ eds. Conservation Biology: The Theory and tion Biology: The Science ofScarcity and Diver­
gists have establ ished that, all else being Practice ofNature Conservation, Preservation sity. Si nauer Associates. Sunderland, MA.
equal, rare species are more susceptible and Management. Chapman and Hall. Raven, P. H . , and D. I. Axelrod . 1 9 78. Ori­
to the risk of exti nction than widespread New York, NY.
gin and relationships of the California
taxa. I n Cal iforn ia, with so many rare Gaston, K.J . 1 994. Rarity. Popu lation and Aora. University ofCalifornia Publications in
species and as many ideas about why Com mun ity Biology Series 1 3 . Chap­ Botany 72: 1 - 1 34.
any one vascular plant species m ight be man & Hall, New York. 205 pp.
Stebbins, G . L. , and J . M ajor. 1 96 5 .
rare, conservation biologists now agree
Karron, J . D. 1 987. The poll ination ecology Endemism and speciation i n t h e Califor­
that only infrequently does a single of co-occurri ng geograph ically restricted nia Aora. Ecological Monographs 3 5 : 1 -3 5 .
"cause" by itself truly explain why a and widespread species of Astragalus
species is rare. I ndeed, many rare and ( Fabaceae) . Biological Conservation 3 9 :
endangered species in Californ ia that Peggy L . Fied ler is Professor i n the Depart­
1 79- 1 93 .
m ent of Biology, San Francisco State U n i­
began as natural rarities have, th rough
versity, San Francisco, CA 9 1 43 2 .
 j
Ra re Bryo p h ytes 1n Cal i fo rn i a
JA M E S R . SHEVO C K

ften overlooked b y amateur include Mielichhoferia tehamensis, than some groups of flowering plants.
and professional botan ists Orthotrichum shevockii, 0. spjutii, Schizy­ With practice and knowledge of termi­
a l i ke, bryophytes ( mosses, menium shevockii, and Triquetre!la califor­ nology for specific featu res used in
liverworts, and hornworts) are nica. Rare liverworts include Geotha/lus identification, bryophytes can be iden­
nonetheless highly i m portant in the tuberosus and Sphaerocarpos drewei. tified by amateur botan ists [see Fre­
function of ecosystems a nd an i m por­ Because the majority of the 580+ montia 26(2): 3-8 ( 1998)]. A very
tant element in Cal iforn ia's plant d iver­ mosses and 120+ l iverworts are not hel pfu l feature of m ost bryophyte taxa
sity. Before this edition, bryophytes endemic to California, most of our rare is that they can be collected and stud­
had been excl uded from the CNPS bryophytes occur as representatives of ied in nearly any month of the year and
Inventory due to a lack of data neces­ List 2 taxa ( rare, threatened, or endan­ be i dentified in their vegetative (game­
sary to determ ine which species are gered i n Californi a but more common tophytic) state. In bryophytes, the
rare in Californ ia. The botanical histo­ elsewhere). reproductive structures (the sporo­
ry ofbryop hyte collecting in Cal iforn ia Vu lnerabil ity ofbryo phytes to envi­ phyte generation) are rarely requi red
spans nearly 150 years, but for the ro nmental changes make them id eal for species identification. However,
m ost part these efforts have not been cand idates in both air and water pollu­ most bryophytes requ i re greater mag­
systematic. It has taken additional tion studies, as wel l as excel lent indica­ nification than a hand lens for identifi ­
fi eldwork to obtain enough speci mens tors of c l i mate change. Lacking roots cation to the species level.
to determi n e the l i kely d istri bution of and other complex water transport sys­ Th e conservation of Cal ifornia
species at the county and province tems, bryophytes take in moisture bryophytes is long overdue. With this
level. For the first time, we have suffi­ directly through the su rface of their edition, we are able for the first time to
cient information to evaluate this plant cells, and can be h ighly susceptible to drop the 'Vascu lar' qualifier from the
grou p with regards to rarity and pollutants. Like the canary in the m ine, title and call it simply Inventory ofRare
endangerment and the need for their bryophytes can al ert us to changing and Endangered Plants ofCalifornia.
conservation in Cal ifornia. Th is is due cond itions, someti mes at very local
to the d evelopment of a bryoflora of scales. Bryophytes also need to be able Bryophytes i n the 6th edition
California by Dr. Dan Norris, based on to adapt to Cal ifornia's many varied
his extensive field collecting, along with clim ates, from harsh desert environ­ Anomobryum filiforme
contri butions from other knowledge­ ments to coastal rain forests. Many Atractylocarpus flage/laceus
able experts. species have developed drought toler­ Bruchia bolanderi
Bryophytes grow on a wide variety of ance mechanisms and strategies, and Oidymodon norrisii
substrates, includ ing exposed so i l , some species are better adapted to Oiscelium nudum
rocks, and trees, and some are even prolonged desiccation than others, Entosthodon kochii
completely aquatic. Bryophytes gener­ which leads to a better understan di ng Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
ally have m uch wider geographic of the distri bution patterns observed in Fissidens pauperculus
ranges than vascular plants. However, Cal ifornia bryophytes. So the annual Geotha/lus tuberosus
they are typ ically restricted to more am ount of rai nfall is not the key factor, He/odium blandowii
specific m icrohabitats, causing them to by rather, the frequency of rain Meesia triquetra
often have widely d isj u nct d istri bution between periods of desiccation. Meesia uliginosa
patterns, and are prone to local ized Lacking showy features l i ke flowers, Mielichhoferia elongata
extirpations. Like the flowerin g plants, bryoph ytes are often perceived as diffi­ Mielichhoferia tehamensis
some are common and widespread cult to identify. Whi le som e genera of Myure/la julacea
wh i l e others are q u ite rare. Examples of mosses are taxonom ically chal l enging, Orthotrichum shevockii
California endemic and rare mosses they are no more d ifficult to i dentify Orthotrichum spjutii

5
6 R A R E B RYO P H Y T E S I N C AL I F O R N I A

Pohlia tundrae
Pterygoneurum californicum
Schizymenium shevockii
Scopelophila cataractae
Sphaerocarpos drewei
'
Sphagnum strictum
Tay/aria lingulata
Torte/la a/pico/a
Tortu/a californica
Trichodon cylindricus
Triquetrella californica

James R. Shevock is the Associate Regional

Di rector, National Park Service, Pacific
West Region, 600 H arrison St., Su ite 600, ,J
San Francisco, CA 941 07- 1 372.
 Bi b l i ogra p hy fo r Bi o l ogy

j
a n d C o n s e rvat i o n of Ra re P l a nts
P E G G Y L. F I E D L E R A N D JA M E S P. S M I T H , J R .

h e l ist o f references that fo l­ Rare Floras M urray, D. F. , and R. Li pki n . 1 987. Candi­
lows is meant to provide you date Threatened and Endangered Plants of
with l iterature citations for Argus, G .W. and K.W. Argus. 1 990. Rare Alaska With Comments on Other Rare
some of the standard Cal ifornia ftoras, Vascular Plants in Canada: Our Natural Her­ Plants. U n iversity of Alaska Muse u m .
itage. Canadian M u seum of Nature. Fai rbanks, AK. 76 pp.
for statewi de treatments of rare and
Ottawa, Canada. 1 9 1 pp. Nevada Natural Heritage P rogra m . 2000.
endangered plants in California and
selected western states, for theoretical Ayensu, E.S. and R.A. DeFi lipps. 1 978. Detailed Rare Plant List. M arch 2 , 2000
and legal aspects of rarity and endan­ Endangered and Threatened Plants ofthe ed i ti o n . Carson City, NV. Nevada Natur­
United States. Sm ithson ian I n stitution al Heritage Program public web site at
germent, for conservation biology and
and the World Wi ldlife Fu n d . Washi ng­ www. state. nv. us/ nvn h p/plantsm l . htm
the management of rare plant popula­
ton, D.C. 403 pp. New Mexico Native Plant Protection Advi­
tio ns, and for descriptions of p lant
commun ities in California. Cal ifornia Department of Fish and Game. sory Comm ittee. 1 984. A Handbook of
1 997. The Status ofRare, Threatened and Rare and Endemic Plants ofNew Mexico.
Endangered Animals and Plants ofCalifornia U n iversity of New Mexico Press. Al bu­
Floras
- Annual Report for 1 996. The Resources q uerq ue, N M . 2 9 1 pp.
Agency, State of California. Sacramen­ O ' Kane, S . L . , J r. 1 988. Colorado's rare
Abrams, L. R. 1 923- 1 960. An Illustrated Flora to, CA. 1 9 1 pp. Aora. Great Basin Naturalist 48: 434-484.
ofthe Pacific States, Washington, Oregon and
California Departm ent of Fish and Game, Oregon Natural Heritage Progra m . 1 99 8 .
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Natural Diversity Database. J u ly 2000. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of
Un iversity Press. Stanford, CA. 4 vols.
Special Plants List. Bian nual publicatio n . Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Pro­
H ickman , J .C., ed . 1 99 3 . Thejepson Manual: M i meo. 1 36 pp. gram. Portland, OR. 92 pp.
Higher Plants ofCalifornia. U n iversity of
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Cal iforn ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 400 pp.
Plants ofColorado. Rocky Mountai n Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
J epson, W. L. 1 92 5 . Manual ofthe Flowering Nature Association. Rocky Mou ntai n Special Publication No. 1 ( fi rst edition ) .
Plants of California. U n iversity of Califor­ National Park. Estes Park, CO. 75 pp. California Native Plant Society. Berkeley,
nia Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA.
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J epson, W. L. 1 907-1 979. A Flora ofCalifor­ Wilsonvi l le, OR. 1 94 pp. trated Guide to Endangered, Threatened and
nia. Vol . 4, Part 2 by L.T. Dem pster. J ep­
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Management Office. 268 pp. vi + 338 pp.

7
8 B I B LI O G RA P H Y

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 B I B LI OG RA P H Y 9

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10 B I B L I O G RA P H Y

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 B I B LI OG RA P H Y 11

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 Co n se rv�n g P l a nts with Laws a n d

l
Programs Under the Department of Fish and Game
S A N D RA M O REY A N D D I A N E I K E D A

al ifornia's d iversity of native N ative Plant Protection Act plants. Thus, there are three l isti ng cat­
plants is unequaled by any egories for plants in Cal ifornia: rare,
other state in the Nation, a Th e Legislature formal ly recognized . th reatened, and endangered.
reflection of its d iverse and varied land­ the pl ight of rare and endangered The fo l l owing defi nitions are found
scapes and c l imates. As steward of the plants in 1977 with the passage of the with in the two acts ( Fish and Game
State's wi l d l ife resources, the Depart­ Native Plant Protection Act ( N PPA). Code Sections 1901, 2062, and 2067).
ment of fish and Game ( DFG ) has The N PPA di rects the DFG to carry out A native species is endangered when
been worki ng for more than 20 years the Legislature's i ntent to "preserve, "its prospects of survival and reproduc­
to conserve Cal ifornia's native plants protect and enhance rare and endan­ tion are in i m m ed i ate jeopardy from
and natural plant com m u n ities. gered plants i n this State. " The N PPA one or more causes." A native species
The DFG's m ission, "to manage Cal i­ gave the Californ i a Fish and Game is threatened when "although not
fornia's d iverse fish, wi l d l ife, and plant Comm ission the power to designate presently threatened with exti nction, it
resources, and the habitats upon native plants as endangered or rare, is l i kely to become an endangered
which they depend, for their ecol ogical and to require perm its for col lecting, species in the foreseeable future in the
val u es and for their use and enjoyment transporti ng, or sel l i ng such plants. absence of the special protection and
by the p u b l ic," is a reflection of its management efforts . . . " A native plant
broad responsibilities, much expanded Cal iforn ia is rare when "although not presently
fro m the time when DFG was known Endangered S pecies Act threatened with extincti on, it is in such
prim arily for managing Californ ia's small n u m bers throughout its range
wi ldlife for recreational hunti ng and In 1984 the state Legislature enacted that it may become endangered if its
fishi ng. Today, amid the pressures the Californi a Endangered Species Act present enviro n m ent worsens." The
associated with human popu lati on (CESA) in recognition of the tremen­ CESA also creates a "candidate" cate­
growth, economic expansion, and mul­ dous threats facing California's native gory. A candidate is a taxon that has
tiple and often confl icting land use plant and ani mal populations and been officially noticed by the Comm is­
strategies, the DFG works cooperative­ their habitats. Th is legislation declares sion as being under review by the DFG
ly with federal , state, and l ocal govern­ that d eserving plants and ani mals wi l l for addition to the threatened or
ments, busi nesses, conservation b e given protection b y the state endangered species lists.
organizations, and citizens to co nserve because they are of ecological , educa­ C ESA also a l l ows the Department
all wi l d l ife, i nclud i ng native plant pop­ tional, historical , recreational, aesthet­ to issue permits fo r scientific collect­
ulations and habitats. ic, econom ic, and scientific val ue to i ng and research activities and for the
the people of the state. CESA estab­ take of cand idate and State-l isted
Legal Framework l ished that it is state pol icy to co nserve, species that is i ncidental to otherwise
protect, restore, and en hance endan­ lawfu l activities.
The legal framework and authority gered and threatened species and their
for the State's program to conserve habitats. Cal iforn ia
plants is woven from four pieces of leg­ The CESA expanded upon the origi­ Envi ronme ntal Q u al ity Act
islatio n : the Californi a Endangered nal N P PA and enhanced legal protec­
S pecies Act ( C ESA) , the Native Plant tion for plants. To al ign with Federal California has a strong state law that
Protection Act ( N P PA), the California regulations, CESA created the cate­ provides for protection of species and
Enviro nmental Qual ity Act ( C EQA), gories of"threatened" and "endan­ natural com mun ities d u ring the land
and the Natural Community Conserva­ gered" species. It converted all "rare" use plan n i ng process. Th is law is the
tion Planning Act ( N CCPA). ani mals i nto the Act as threatened California Envi ron m ental Quality Act
species, but did not do so for rare (CEQA), enacted in 1970. CEQA

12
 C O N S E RV I N G P L A N T S W I T H LAWS A N D P R O G R A M S 13

requ i res govern ment agencies to con­ Programs me nts, partici pate i n recovery planning
sider and d iscl ose enviro n mental programs, and develop educational
• HEA D Q UA RTERS P RO G RAMS
i m pacts of projects and to avoid or programs. Some of these activities are
TO CO N S E RVE PLANTS
m itigate them where possible. U nder descri bed below.
CEQA, p u b l i c agencies m ust prepare At the DFG's statewide headquarters
environmental documents to disclose in Sacramento, programs that focus on Plant Conservation Activities
environ mental i m pacts ofa project plant conservation are primarily within
and to identify m itigation m easures the Habitat Conservation Division. The A variety of fundi ng so urces is avail­
and proj ect alternatives. Through this N atural Diversity Database (CNDDB) able to the DFG to promote recovery
process, the public can review pro­ is one of the Department of Fish and of endangered plant popu lations and
posed project plans and i nfl uence the Game's most visi ble and successfu l to restore degraded habitats. Fund i ng
process thro ugh public comment. programs. The CNDDB tracks location sources i nclude the Cal ifornia Endan­
and status information on rare plants, gered Species Tax Check-Off Fu nd, U.S.
ani mals, and natural plant communi­ Fish and Wi l dl i fe Service support under
N atu ral Com m u nity
The California Natural Diversity
ties (see t h e Federal E n d ange re d S p ecies Act
Conservation Plan n i ng Act
Database i n this vol u me). Section 6 provisions for cooperation
In 1991, the Natural Comm u n ity The Species Conservation and with the states, the Tobacco Tax and
Conservation Planning Act ( N CCPA) Recovery Program provides i nforma­ H ealth Initiative ( Proposition 99), the
was enacted to promote long-term pro­ tion and guidance on plant and ani mal Environm ental License Plate Fu nd , m it­
tection of species and habitats via con servation from a statewide perspec­ igation fu nds, and fu ndi ng under
cooperative, landscape-level planning tive to other Department programs CALFED Bay-Delta Program and the
( see Cooperative Conservation Planning sec­ and to the publ ic. Th is program coor­ Central Val l ey Proj ect I m provement Act
tion below). The NCCPA authorizes the d inates statewide fu ndi ng for conser­ (CVPIA) .
d evelopment of Natural Com m u nity vation of rare, threatened, and
Conservation Plans ( N CCP). An NCCP endangered plants, partici pates in H abitat Protection
plans for the conservation of natural recovery planning, reviews l isting peti­
com m u nities by using an ecosystem tions and legislati on, and provides bio­ Conserving species i n their natural
approach and encouragi ng coopera­ l ogical i n put i nto landscape-level settings, their own habitat, is key to
tion between private and government conservation plan n i ng efforts such as ensuring their long-term survival. The
i nterests. The plan identifies and pro­ Natural Com m u n ities Conservation Department of Fish and Game protects,
vides for the regional or area wi de pro­ Plans and H abitat Conservation Plans mai ntains, and enhances plant and ani­
tection and perpetuation of plants, ( H CPs) ( see Cooperative Conservation mal populations and natural communi­
ani mals, and their habitats, wh il e Planning section below). ties through direct acquisition of
allowing compati ble l a n d use a n d eco­ habitat, conservation easements on pri­
• RE G I O N A L P ROG RAMS TO vate lands, and management agree­
nomic activity. An NCCP seeks to antic­
CO N S E RV E P LANTS ments with public and private agencies
ipate and prevent the controversies
caused by species l istings by focusing Biologists and botanists i n the DFG's and organizations. The Department
on the long-term stability of natural six regions carry out diverse p lant con­ works with conservation partners
com m u n ities. servation activities, focusing on "on­ including CN PS, The Nature Conservan­
Approved NCCPs p rovi d e the basis the-ground" activities. They carry out cy, local land trusts, U .S. Forest Service,
for issuance of state authorizations research, manage ment, and mon itor­ U.S. Bureau of land Management, U.S.
fo r the take of species specifi cally i ng programs for rare, th reatened, and Fish and Wi ldlife Service, U.S. Bureau of
i d entifi ed in the p l a n , whether or not endangered plants, and guide habitat Reclamation, Cal ifornia Department of
a species is l i sted as threatened or restoration for native pl ants on Parks and Recreati on, and other public
en dangered, and may p rovid e the Department lands. They work with agencies, organizations, and private
basis for issuance of fed eral endan­ l ocal govern ments and other partners landowners to promote conservation of
gered species permits. I t is i m p ortant to see that plants are adequately pro­ all wil d l ife resources. The DFG acqui res,
to note that the NCCP p rocess mu st tected in landscape-level planning leases, and manages su itable lands,
ensure consistency with the fed eral efforts such as NCCPs and HCPs, wh ich are approved by the Wi ldlife Con­
and state Endangered Species Acts. advise the public on projects that m ay servation Board.
i m pact or benefit native plant popula­ Currently, the Department adminis­
tions, review environmental docu- ters over 866,000 acres i n California,
14 C O N S E RVING P LA N T S WITH LAWS AND PROGRAMS

m uch of which h as been designated by and i ntegrate land conservation Recove ry

the Fish and Game Comm ission as actions with scientifically based stew­
Wi l d life Areas or Ecological Reserves. ardsh ip and public outreach programs Although the DFG has not written
Over 1 1 ,000 acres have been acq uired are often the most successfu l . formal recovery plans for listed p l ants,
in fee title specifically for the protec­ The Departm ent is carryi ng out it partici pates with USFWS in the fed­
tion of endangered plant popu lati ons active managem ent and mon itori ng eral recovery plann i ng process. In addi­
and their hab itats. Examples of DFG programs throughout the State. Exam­ tion, DFG holds recovery workshops
reserves that p rotect rare plants ples i nclude a project to assess meth­ for listed pl ants i nvo lving acad emic
i nclude Table Bl uff i n H u mboldt Coun­ ods of contro l l ing i nvad ing plants i n researchers, local landowners and
ty, North Table M ou ntain i n Butte western l ily ( Lilium occidentale) habitat experts, govern m e n t agenci es, conser- ·

Cou nty, Pine H i l l and Salmon Fal l s i n i n H u m boldt County, im plementi ng vation groups, and others to identify
E l Dorado Cou nty, Bonny Doon i n management prescri ptions to restore actions that wi l l be needed to bring a
Santa Cruz County, Ston e Corral Eco­ vernal pool habitat for rare plants on species to recovery. An example of an
logical Reserve i n Tu lare County, the Department lands on the Santa Rosa ongoing recovery program i nvo lves two
Carrizo Plain in San Luis Obispo and Plain in Sonoma County, and wo rking plant species that occur o n the central
Kern cou nties, Baldwi n Lake in San with B LM and C N PS to m on itor popu­ coast, marsh sandwort (Arenaria paludi­
Bernard i n o County, and Sycuan Peak l ations of rare plants at Al god ones cola) and Gambel's watercress ( Rorippa
in San Diego County. M a ny Depart­ Dunes i n I m perial County. gambelii). Most of the freshwater wet­
ment lands acq u i red fo r other wil d l i fe land hab itat for these species has been
species also contai n populations of Research lost, and groun dwater p u m p i ng, wet­
rare plants or special n atural commu­ land fi l l i ng, and encroach ment of non­
n ities. Fu n d i ng for acq uisitions com es For many species and habitats, sci­ n ative plants contin u e to pose threats.
from a variety of sources, including enti fic i nformation needed for sou nd As a result of recovery plan n i ng i nvolv­
bond acts such as 1 988's Proposition management is l acking. Th roughout i n g DFG, USFWS, academ ic experts,
70 and the recently passed Safe N eigh­ California, academic researchers at l andowners, CN PS, and others, previ­
borhood Parks, Clean Water, Clea n Air u n iversities, m use ums, botanical gar­ ously un known popu lations of these
and Coastal Protection Bond Act of dens, and private fo u ndations work species have been l ocated. I n additi o n,
2000, NCCP fu nding for acq uisitions, with the Department un der Memoran­ researchers are i nvestigating th e l ife
CVPIA fu n d i ng, and grant programs da of Und erstanding to answer q u es­ h istory, hab itat characteristics, and
such as the Enviro n mental Enhance­ tions which m ay be i m portant to the genetics of these species. Future work
ment and M itigation ( EEM) Program conservation of listed plant popu la­ wil l concentrate on fin d i ng suitable
and Tran sportation En hancement tions. Research may focus o n popu la­ habitat in Californ ia to establish addi­
Activities (TEA). tion genetics, reprod uctive strategies of tional populations.
plants, lo ng-term population trends,
M anagement and Mon ito ri ng habitat characterizatio n , or other top­
ics which may help gu ide conservation
Once habitat is legally protected , and management decisions.
man agement of the habitat is usually Examples of research incl ude analyz­
essential. Hab itat man agement m ight ing the effects of grazing on Tehama
entail removing i nvasive n o n n ative Cou nty vernal pools; experi mentally
plants or herbivores from rare plant ma nip u l ating grassland hab itat for
habitat, restoring drainage patterns to Santa Cruz tarplant ( Holocarpha
an area, rerouti ng trai ls, changi ng the macradenia) to control weedy grasses;
timing of l ivestock grazing, cond ucting restoring d un e habitat for Menzies's
prescribed burns, or carryi ng out other wal l flower (Erysimum menziesii), H ow­
actions that benefit n ative plant popu­ ell's spineflower ( Chorizanthe howe!lii),
lations. Monitoring rare plant popul a­ and western snowy pl over ( Charadrius
tions over time to assess the effects of alexandrinus nivosus); and ch aracterizi ng
m an agement actions and to detect habitat and i n itiating recovery actions
potential threats is a critical compo­ for Ventura marsh m i l k-vetch (Astra­
Holocarpha rnacradenia
nent of any management progra m. galus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus).
Efforts that promote collaboration
 C O N S E R V I N G P LA N T S W I T H L A W S A N D P R O G R A M S 15

Coope rative and to design appropriate mitigation Listi ng

Conservation Plan n i ng for unavoidable i m pacts. CEQA pro­
U nder State law, plant species may
vides protection not only for state-list­
Cooperative conservation planning be formally designated rare, threat­
ed species, but also for any species that
for species and habitats via a land­ ened, or endangered by the Cali fornia
can be shown to meet the criteria for
scape level approach is viewed by many Fish and Game Comm ission, a five­
state l isting (CEQA Guideli nes Section
as the m ost biological ly so und and m em ber board appointed by the Gov­
1 5380). A developm ent project that
effective approach. The goal of these ernor to establ ish the pol icies by which
has a potential to red uce the n u m ber
plan n i ng efforts is to protect areas the DFG operates. State l isting is a way
or restrict the range of an endangered,
large enough to include the d iversity of of formal ly recognizing the plight of a
rare, or th reatened species, or that
habitats and species and the ecological species and the need to protect its
threatens to eliminate a plant commu­
processes they need to survive. Because habitat. Once a species is officially l i st­
nity, req u i res the lead agency to make a
m any rare plants have very narrow d is­ ed, it m ay have a greater chance of
mandatory fi nding of significance and
tri butions, these conservation efforts benefiting from funding, and listed
requ i re that an EIR be prepared (CEQA
m ust be carefu l ly planned to i nclude plants are generally given greater atten­
Guideli nes Section 1 5 0 6 5 ) . The DFG
their habitat i n the p reserve areas. tion d u ring the land use plan n i ng
recognizes that Lists 1 A, 1 B, and 2 of
Using sound science, landscape level process by l ocal governments, public
the CN PS Inventory consist of plants
conservation planning h e l ps to recover agencies, and landowners than are
that m ay qual ify for l isti ng, and the
endangered species and preclude more plants that have not been l isted.
Department recom mends they be
common species from decl in ing to the State-listed threatened and endan­
addressed in CEQA projects. However,
point of endangerment. Th is col labo­ gered species and designated candi­
a plant need not be in this Inventory to
rative approach also provides l ocal dates are protected from removal
be considered a rare, th reate ned, or
agencies with a powerfu l tool for land except by permit or agreement from
endangered species under CEQA. I n
use planning i n the face of Cal ifornia's the DFG .
addition, t h e DFG recom mends, and
conti n u i ng population growth. Many The CESA establ ishes a process by
local govern m ents may req u i re, protec­
cooperative conservation plans are which individuals, organ izations, or the
tion of plants which are regionally sig­
u ndertaken in coord i nation with the DFG can submit petitions to the Fish
nificant, such as locally rare species,
fed eral government through H abitat and Game Com m i ssion req uesting that
d isj unct populations of more common
Conservation Plans ( HCPs) or u nder a species, su bspecies, or variety of
plants, or plants on the CN PS Lists 3
the state's Natural Comm u n ity Conser­ plant or ani mal be added to, deleted
and 4.
vation Plan n i ng ( NCCP) Program from , or changed in status on the State
To guide documentation of potential
(d escribed above). These plan n i ng lists of rare, threatened, or endangered
i m pacts to plants, the DFG has ado pt­
efforts bring together government species. The factors that contrib ute to
ed Guidelines for Assessing the Effects of
agencies, conservation organ izations determ i n i ng the need to l ist a species
' Proposed Projects on Rare, Threatened, and
businesses, landowners, and l ocal include the present or threatened mod­
Endangered Plants and Plant Communities
adapted fro m those prepared by C N P�
i nterests to protect both the species ification or destruction of habitat '

and the i r habitats. com petition, predation, d iseas�, over-

( now revised as Botanical Survey Guide­
DFG is i nvolved in cooperative con­ exploitation by col lectors, or other nat­
lines, incl uded i n this vo l um e) . These
servation plan n i ng efforts for plants u ral occurrences or h u man-related
guidelines are given out to al l project
throughout California, including the activities. Currently Cal ifornia has des­
proponents, lead agencies and the
western Mojave Desert, western River­ ignated 2 1 6 plant species as rare,
i nterested public when they request
side County, the Coach ella Val l ey, San threatened, or endangered, and addi­
DFG partici pation or information .
Diego, Orange, Kern, Placer, and Sacra­ tional species conti nue to be proposed
Over the years we have learned that
m ento cou nties, and many others. for State l isting. The l ist of rare, threat­
smal l , piecemeal m itigation efforts,
ened, and endangered plants can be
wh ich in the past typical ly involved the
I n divi d u al Project Review found on the DFG's web site at
transplantation of endangered plant
www. dfg.ca.gov.
populations, have a low success rate.
DFG regional biologists and It should be noted that the process
For fu l l m itigation of project im pacts,
botanists work with project propo­ to list s p ecies often takes in excess of a
t h e Department now favors t h e protec­
nents, l ocal governments, and other year to complete. Th e Department
tion of intact habitat and restoration of
agencies to see that land use changes encou rages interested parties to
degraded habitat, rather than relying on
from ind ividual p rojects consider rare engage in cooperative efforts to pro­
transplantation of plant populations.
plant populations and their habitats tect plants where possi ble during this
16 C O N S E R V I N G P LA N T S W I T H LAWS A N D P R O G RA M S

time rather than waiting for a l isti ng to awareness and support fo r native plant best and most floristica l ly i m portant
take effect before taking n ecessary conservation in a variety of ways. Pub­ sites in the state. More than 1 00 of
actio n . lic outreach activities include develop­ Californ ia's botan ists and ecologists
ing i nterpretive materials at Wi l d l ife from many different professional are­
Public S u p port Areas and Ecological Reserves, publ ish­ nas contri buted to this book. Califor­
ing the monthly m agazine Outdoor Cali­ nia's Wild Gardens vi ews Cal ifornia as a
Fu ndamental to Cal iforn ia's success fornia, coord inati ng Project Wild ( a series of ecological regions, each hous­
in conservi ng native plants and their program t o train public school teach­ ing a specialized flora. With i n these
habitats is the support and involve­ ers), and leading the Endangered regions smaller local ized areas, or " hot
ment of its citizens and organ izati ons Species Cam paign to enco u rage co ntri­ spots" are featu red . Th is book is avail­
such as the Cal iforn ia N ative Plant butions to the Endangered Species Tax able through CN PS and at bookstores.
Society. Citizen i nvolvement is key to Check-Off Fu nd.
the strength of the laws protecting I n 1997, the DFG, in collaboration Sandra Morey is Ch ief of the Habitat Con­
native plants, the abil ity of govern ment with C N PS and the Cal iforn ia Academy servation Plan ning Branch, California
agencies to i m plement and enforce the of Sciences, prod uced California's Wild Department of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 N i nth
laws, and most i m portantly, the partic­ Gardens, A Living Legacy. Th is 2 36 page St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4. Diane I keda
ipation essential to carry out needed book, with more than 500 color pho­ was Plant Ecologist in the Species Conser­
vation and Recovery Program , California
conservation actions and fi nd solu­ tographs, sh owcases the d iversity of
Department of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 Ninth
tions to complex problems. Cal iforn ia's native plants in their natu­ St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4
The DFG works to increase p u b l ic ral settings, and h igh l ights some of the
 P l a n ts Li sted o r Ca n d i d ates U n d e r State Law

in us the five plants men­ Acanthomintha duttonii (CE) Carex tompkinsii (CR)
tioned below, this list Acanthomintha ilicifolia (CE) Carpenteria californica (CT)
incl udes the 2 1 6 native Allium munzii (CT) Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta (CT)
plants that as ofJanuary 2001 have Allium yosemitense (CR) Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta ( C E)
been designated as Endangered (CE, Amsinckia grandiflora (CE) Castilleja gleasonii (CR)
1 2 9 plants), Threatened (CT, 20 Arabis macdonaldiana (CE) Castilleja grisea (CE)
plants), Rare ( CR, 65 plants), or Can­ Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri (CR) Castilleja uliginosa (CE)
d i d ate ( CC, 2 plant) by the Fish and Arctostaphylos densiflora (CE) Caulanthus californicus (CE)
Game Comm ission pursuant to Sec­ Arctostaphylos hookeri Ceanothus hearstiorum (CR)
tion 1 904 ( Native Plant Protection Act ssp. hearstiorum (CE) Ceanothus maritimus (CR)
of 1 977) and Section 2074. 2 and Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii (CE) Ceanothus masonii (CR)
2075.5 (California Endangered Species Arctostaphylos imbricata (CE) Ceanothus ophiochilus (CE)
Act of 1 984) of the Fish and Game Arctostaphylos pa/Iida (CE) Ceanothus roderickii (CR)
Code. For additional informati on, con­ Arenaria paludicola (CE) Cercocarpus traskiae (CE)
tact the S pecies Conservation and Astragalus agnicidus (CE) Chlorogalum purpureum
Recovery Progra m , 1 41 6 N i nth Street, Astragalus clarianus (CT) var. reductum (CR)
Sacram ento, CA 958 1 4, or the nearest Astragalusjohannis-howellii (CR) Chorizanthe howellii (CT)
Departm ent of Fish and Game office. Astragalus lentiginosus Chorizanthe orcuttiana (CE)
The fo l l owing State-listed taxa have var. sesquimetralis (CE) Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina (CC)
been rej ected from the sixth ed ition of Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii (CE) Chorizanthe valida (CE)
the Inventory for taxono m ic reasons, Astragalus monoensis var. monoensis (CR) Cirsium ciliolatum (CE)
and do not appear in the l ist below: Astragalus pycnostachyus Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale (CE)
Arctostaphylos edmundsii var. parvifolia var. lanosissimus (CE) Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense (CE)
(CR), Arctostaphylos pacifica (CE), Agrostis Astragalus tener var. titi (CE) Cirsium loncholepis (CT)
blasdalei var. marinensis (CR), Caulanthus Astragalus traskiae ( CR) Cirsium rhothophilum (CT)
stenocarpus (CR), and Mahonia sonnei Atriplex tularensis (CE) Clarkia franciscana (CE)
(CE). Erysimum menziesii (CE) h as been Baccharis vanessae (CE) Clarkia imbricata (CE)
split into three su bspecies in the Inven­ Bensoniella oregona (CR) Clarkia lingulata (CE)
tory; all are protected by State law. Berberis nevinii ( CE) Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata (CR)
Note also that the li st below uses the Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis (CE) Clarkia springvillensis (CE)
n omenclature adopted i n the Inventory, Blennosperma bakeri (CE) Cordylanthus maritimus
which i n a few cases d i ffers from that Blennosperma nanum var. robustum (CR) ssp. maritimus (CE)
of the State of California. Entri es in Bloomeria humilis (CR) Cordy/an thus mollis ssp. mollis (CR)
this Inventory give the name u n der Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea (CE) Cordy/an thus nidularius (CR)
which a taxon is State-listed if it d iffers Brodiaea filifolia (CE) Cordylanthus palmatus ( C E)
from the name used here. Brodiaea insignis (CE) Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis (CE)
Brodiaea pa/Iida (CE) Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris (CR)
Calamagrostis foliosa (CR) Croton wigginsii ( CR)
Calochortus dunnii ( CR) Cryptantha roosiorum (CR)
Calochortus persistens (C R) Cupressus abramsiana (CE)
Calochortus tiburonensis (CT) Dedeckera eurekensis (CR)
Calystegia stebbinsii ( C E) Deinandra arida ( CR)
Carex albida (CE) Deinandra conjugens (CE)

17
18 PLANTS LIST E D O R CA N DIDA T E S U N D E R STATE LAW

Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa (CE) Galium buxifolium (CR) Orcuttia ca/ifornica (CE)
Deinandra minthornii (CR) Galium californicum ssp. sierrae (CR) Orcuttia inaequalis (CE)
Deinandra mohavensis (CE) Galium catalinense ssp. acrispum (CE) Orcuttia pilosa ( CE)
Delphinium bakeri (CR) Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria (CT) Orcuttia tenuis (CE)
Delphinium hesperium Gratia/a heterosepala ( CE) Orcuttia viscida (CE)
ssp. cuyamacae (CR) Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes (CE) Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia (CC)
Delphinium luteum (CR) Hesperolinon congestum (CT) Pedicularis dudleyi (CR)
Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense ( C E) Hesperolinon didymocarpum (CE) Pentachaeta bellidiflora (CE)
Dichanthe/ium lanuginosum Holocarpha macradenia (CE) Pentachaeta !yonii (CE)
var. thermale (CE) /vesia ca/Iida (CR) Phlox hirsuta (CE)
Dithyrea maritima (CT) Lasthenia burkei (CE) Plagiobothrys diffusus (CE)
Dodecahema leptoceras (C E) Layia carnosa ( CE) Plagiobothrys strictus (CT)
Downingia concolor var. brevior (CE) Lessingia germanorum (CE) Pleuropogon hooverianus (CR)
Dudleya brevifo/ia (C E) Lewisia congdonii (CR) Paa napensis (CE)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens (CR) Lilaeopsis masonii (CR) Pogog;;ne abramsii (CE)
Dudleya nesiotica (CR) Lilium occidentale (CE) Pogog;;ne clareana (CE)
Dudleya sto/onifera (CT) Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense (CE) Pogog;;ne nudiuscula (CE)
Dudleya traskiae (CE) Limnanthes bakeri (CR) Potentilla hickmanii (CE)
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum ( C E) Limnanthes douglasii ssp. sulphurea (CE) Pseudobahia bahiifolia (CE)
Eriastrum tracyi (CR) Limnanthes floccosa ssp. ca/ifornica ( CE) Pseudobahia peirsonii (CE)
Eriodictyon a/tissimum (CE) Limnanthes graci/is ssp. parish ii (CE) Rorippa gambe/ii (CT)
Eriodictyon capita tum (CR) Limnanthes vincu/ans (CE) Rorippa subumbellata (CE)
Eriogonum alpinum (CE) Lithophragma maximum (CE) Rosa minutifo/ia (CE)
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum (CE) Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens ( CE) Sanicula maritima ( C R)
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum ( C E) Lotus argophyllus var. niveus (CE) Sanicu/a saxati/is (CR)
Eriogonum butterworthianum (CR) Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae (CE) Sedella leiocarpa (CE)
Eriogonum crocatum (CR) Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus (CT) Senecio ganderi (CR)
Eriogonum ericifo/ium var. thornei (CE) Lupinus mi/o-bakeri (CT) Senecio layneae (CR)
Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum (CR) Lupinus nipomensis (CE) Sida/cea covillei (CE)
Eriogonum grande var. timorum ( C E) Lupinus padre-crowleyi (CR) Sida/cea hickmanii ssp. anomala (CR)
Eriogonum kellog,gii (C E) Lupinus tidestromii (CE) Sida/cea hickmanii ssp. parishii (CR)
Eriogonum twisse/mannii (CR) Machaeranthera asteroides Sidalcea oregana ssp. va/ida (CE)
Eriophyllum congdonii (CR) var. lagunensis (CR) Sida/cea pedata (CE)
Eriophyllum /ati/obum (CE) Malacothamnus c/ementinus ( CE) Sidalcea stipularis (CE)
Eryngium aristu/atum var. parish ii (CE) Malacothamnus fascicu/atus Silene campanu/ata ssp. campanu/ata (CE)
Eryngium constancei (C E) var. nesioticus (CE) Streptanthus niger (CE)
Eryngium racemosum (CE) Maurandya petrophi/a (CR) Swallenia alexandrae (CR)
Erysimum capitatum ssp. angustatum ( C E) Monardella linoides ssp. viminea ( CE) Thelypodium stenopeta/um ( CE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense (CE) Navarretia /eucocepha/a Thermopsis macrophylla (CR)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii ( C E) ssp. pauciflora (CT) Trifo/ium polyodon ( CR)
Erysimum menziesii ssp.yadonii ( C E) Navarretia /eucocepha/a ssp. plieantha (CE) Trifo/ium trichocalyx (CE)
Erysimum teretifolium (CE) Nemac/adus twisse/mannii (CR) Tuctoria greenei (CR)
Fremontodendron decumbens (CR) Neostapfia co/usana ( CE) Tuctoria mucronata (CE)
Fremontodendron mexicanum (CR) Nitrophi/a mohavensis (CE) Verbena californica (CT)
FritiIlaria roderickii (CE) Nolina interrata ( CE) Verbesina dissita (CT)
Fritillaria striata (CT) Oenothera californica ssp. eurekensis (CR)
Galium angustifo/ium Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii ( CE)
ssp. borregoense (CR) Opuntia basilaris var. tre/easei (CE)
 Th e Cal i fo rn ia N atu ral D i ve rs i ty

j
Database: Cal i forn ia's N atu ra l H e ritage Program
ROXA N N E L. B I TT M A N

h e Cal ifornia N atural Diversity natural com m u n ities d u ring the appro­ cally contains a proposed project ( Fig­
Database (CNDDB) is part of priate time of year by qual ified biolo­ ure 1 ) This search revealed the pres­
.

the H ab itat Conservation gists and ecologists. ence of several occurrences of a rare
Plan n i ng Division of the California Consider, for exam ple, the results of plant. The i m pacts on the biological
Department of Fish and Game, and a search of the Middletown 7.5 m i n ute resources of this proposed project
serves to i nventory the l ocations of the quadrangle ( q uad) , which hypotheti- area can then be eval uated by the
state's rarest species and n atu ral com­
m u n ities. Its goal is to help conserve
C•lit:ornia Department of F i • h a n d Game

California's biotic d iversity by provid­ Na.tural Diversity Data Base

ing government agencies and the pri­ f'Ull Conden.ed Report - Kultiple Record• per Page
Middletown 7. S Minute Ouadrangle

vate sector with i nformation so that HESPEROL!NON BICAAPELU.T\JM

nJO-C>.RPELLATB lor!STKRN FLAX --Liat Status-NDDB Element R.&nka----t
-O her Lisee--

wise land-use d ecisions and reso u rce Klement Code · POLIN01 0 2 0 Federal : Glotn.l : G2 CNPS Liut:
R - B-0 Code :
18
2-2-3

management can occur. Th e CNDDB 1s

used to identify i m po rtant natural Micro:
SERPENTINE CHAPARRAL . KNOWN ONLY PROM LAKE,
SERPENTINE RARAENS AT KOOS OF CHA.PAAAAL .
NAPA AND SONOMA COUNTI ES .

areas, and also in project plann ing to Occurrence No. 10 Map lndex : 3 5 3 9 9 -Oates Last Seen­ Lat/Long : 38046'12· I 1220 53 ' 06• Township:
C>cc Ranlt: Element: 1953-05-26 Zone- 1 0 N4291131 8536046 Range:
avo id confl icts between envi ron mental
trn'l :
Origi n : Natural/Native occurrence Site: Precision: NON-SPECIFIC Section: XX Otr XX
Pre1ence : Pre11Ull'led Extant Symbol Type : Meridi a n : M

and development interests. Trend:

Main Source:
Unknown
SHARSMITH, H. #4136 UC IM212362 (HBRB)
2/5 mile 1000 ft

Quad .sw.:.&ry: MIDDLETOWN {3812275/5330)

C01.1nty 5'""""""r y: I>.U
SAA Swiaar y:

Using the CN D D B to
Location: NORnl:EAST OP MIDDLETOWN, 1 . 5 MILES EAST OP BU'l"!'S VALLEY ROAD ALONG HIGHWAY 53.
----oai.en
-< t•---

SERPENTINE CHAPARRAL .
Ohtribution: MAPPED ALONG HIGHWAY 53 NOR'I"HEAST OP JUNCTION Winl: BUTTS VAL.LEY ROAD .
Ecological:

Protect Rare Plant Popu l ations Threat :

General : TWO COLLECTIONS A'!"I"RIBUTED TO THIS SITE; SHAASMITH 14136 (UC) IN 1952 AND BACIGALUPI AND SWEENEY #4146 (UC) lN
195).
Owner /Ma.:iager :

There are many potential applica­

tions for the CNDDB records, but Occurrence No. ll
Excellent
Map Index : 3 5402 --Oates
Element :
Laat Seen--
1995 -0 6 -08
Lat/Long :
ln'M :
38<114 9 ' 11"
Zone - 1 0
/ 122<113 6 ' 2 5 "
N4296634 E534118
Tovnship :
Range :
llN
O?W
Origin: Natural/Native occurrence Site: 1995 -06 -0 8 Precieion: SPECIFIC Section: 10 Otr XX

those concern i ng land deve lopment Pi:-eaenc e :

Trend:
Prel\uaed Extant Syrr.bol Type : POLYGON Meridian:
Elevation:
M
1200 ft
PU.in Source: HCCAAT!lN, N. 1987 (OBS)

and environmental i m pact review are Quad SUl!aar y:

COWlty Sur:mary:
MlOOLBTOWN ()812275/5330)

especially i m portant. Rapid population

SNA Sw:aar y:
Location: 4.5 AIR MIL.ES NORTH OP MIDOLE:TOW1', EAST OP BIG CANYON CREEK ALONG SLOPES OF UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO PUTAH CREEK.
----oame
-< nt•---

growth and economic expansion need Oiatribution:

Ecological:
SEVERAL COLONIES MAPPKD AS
GROWING ALONG KDGBS
'I"liO POLYGOSS AT CNDDB .
OP SBRPENTIITTI CHAPARRAL WITH ADl>NOSTOKA P.ASCICULATI1M, OUERCUS DURATA, CEANOTHUS JEPSONI l ,
AACTOST.APHYUOS , NHMACLAOOS HOITTANUS , irrC .

to be carefu l ly reconci led with protec­ General :

CA"ITL.B GRAZING, SOME SLOPE FAILURE
nfOOSANDS OP PLANTS OBS&RVXD BY NCCARTEN IN 1 9 8 5 ,
(LANDSLIDE) AND OLD ROADS.
PA.TTB.RSON
A
IN 1 9 8 5 ,
P l PELIWB PLANNED FOR AREA .
AND CUNBO IN 1 9 9 4 .
Ovner/Ma.nagei:-: lJNJCNOMN
tion of California's resource base, and
project developers must often consult occurrence No. ll Map Inde x : ) 5 4 0 0 --Oates Last Seen- Lat/Long : 38Gl46'l0" I 122034 ' 1 2 " Townehip: llN
Occ Rank : Unknown Element : 1978-07-19 lTn'I : Zone - 1 0 N4291683 E537349 Range : 06W

with the CNDDB. The devel oper, usu­ Origin:

Preaence:
Natural/Native occurrence
Pi:-e1umed Extant
Site: 1978-07-19 Preciaion:
Symbol Type :
SPECIFIC
POLYGON
Section:
Meridian :
XX O t r xx
M
Trend: UnkZlown Area: 51.6 ac Elevation: 1000 ft
a l ly with a specific geograp h ic location Ouad Surimary:
CRANE ,
MIDDLETOWN
N. 1978 (OBS)
(3812275/5310)

of concern , req uests information on COWlty SUrrmar y:

SNA SUl!l!Nry:
Location: ABOUT ) MILES NORTHR.AST OF MIDDLETOWN ALONG BOnl SIDES OF HIGHWAY Sl.

the rare plants, an i mals, and natural ----omne

-< nta---
WEST OP ANO SOUTH OF JUNCTION OF HIGHWAY 53 ANO GAMBLE ROAD . THREE COLONIES MAPPED AT CNDDB ; ONE DUE WEST OF
JUNCTION, ONE 0 . 2 MILR sotn'HWEST OF JCT, ANO ONE 0 . 6 MILES SOlJTil OP JCT.

communities that may occur at that Ecological: SERPEm'INE CHAPARRAL WITH .ADJACBNT' VA.LL.BY GRASSLAND .
H.ERSP&ROLINON SP, BRODI.ASA LA.XA, BROHUS RUBENS ,
ASSOCIATED WITH ERIOPHYLLUM LANATUM,
PES1UCA MICROSTAOfYS. CALAMAGROSTIS Nl.1I'KAENSIS,
A.LLIUM PALCIFOLlUM,
STREPTANTHUS ,

location. CN D D B data, along with Threat :

"' "" ·
GRAZING, RO.\DC\1f5 , &ROSION.
Gene r a l : 1000• Pl.M'TS OBSERVED IN 1978 IN COLONI&S ntA.T R.ANGKD IN SIZE PROM 50• TO 1000- IN SIZE.

data from the C N PS Inventory, thus OVriei:-/M�ger: umcNOWN

often constitute the fi rst cut for devel­

opers or their consultants when devis­
i n g a " p otentials list" of s p ecial p lants,
ani mals, and communities that may 05/16/2001 Government Vei:-sion Page l
Repo r t : Information dated 04/04/2001

occur in a project area. This is then fol ­

l owed b y su rveys for rare species and
Figure 1 . Sample C N D D B text output from a search of the Midd letown 7.5 q u adra ngle.

19
 I
20 C A L I F O R N I A N AT U R A L O V E R S I T Y D A TA B A S E

developers' consu ltants, and issues of their status are available from our l ist) and 2,635 records on 1 47 of our
project feasibility, cost, and m itigation web site (W'N'N.dfg.ca.gov/whdab/html/ most endangered natu ral com m u n ities
can be adeguately addressed . If such cnddb.html) or as hard copy by tele­ ( out of the approximately 61 9 rare nat­
information is obtained early in the phoning ( 9 1 6 ) 324-38 1 2 . u ral com m u n ities on the l ist). Biolo­
plan n i ng process, needless conflicts, CNDDB information is avai lable on a gists throughout the state have
stalled permits, and the costs of project cost rei m b u rsement basis. The most contri buted to col lection of th ese data
delay m ay all be avoided. It should be com mon users are conservation ists, which descri be the locations, ecology,
emphasized that acg uisition ofCN DDB state and federal agencies, consu ltants, and status of these elements. The origi­
data is not in itself sufficient to satisfy and researchers. CNDDB data are nal data set for plants largely stemmed
the reg ui rements of the California Envi­ half-price for conservation organiza­ from herbari u m records from institu­
ronmental Quality Act. Biological sur­ tions and other non-profit groups. tions such as the Un iversity of Califor­
veys, performed by g ua l ified personnel Often CNDDB reports are offered free nia Berkeley, Californ i a Acad emy of
at the appropriate ti me of year, are to citizens interested in re porting back Sci ences, U .C. Riverside, Rancho Santa
essential to d ocu ment what is actually to us regard ing the current cond ition of Ana Botanic Garden, H u m bo ldt State
present on the parcel of concern ( see popu lations or stands of rare elements. U n iversity, and others. Recent, u pdat­
Botanical Survey Guidelines). In general , C N D D B data for pl ants ed plant location data comes largely
Citizens or conservation groups inter­ are made availabl e to CN PS chapters from su rveys done by mem bers of the
ested in the protection of biological on a yearly basis. Some CNPS chapters California Native Plant Society, agency
d iversity in California are also encour­ receive RareFind, and others receive biologists, and consu ltants. Data con­
aged to use the CNDDB. Customers written reports, along with copies of tri b utions are strongly encouraged .
can access the CNDDB in a n um ber of vel l u m overlays at the 1 : 1 00,000 scale. To contribute information on popu­
ways, depend i ng on their needs. The You may req u est information fo r local lation fl uctuations, new locations, and
most popular way is by purchasing Rare­ areas by contacting us at the address hab itat integrity, we encou rage you to
Find ( now in its second edition), a below. Most req uests take about two use the California Native Species Field
menu-based program which allows weeks to process. Req uests for l arge Survey Form ( in this vol u m e or at
access to all of the textual information amounts of data or special products W'N'N. dfg. ca.gov/whdab/html/cnddb. html).
in the CNDDB. Data can be accessed by may requ i re special processi ng; contact We have new and improved versions of
searching for individual cou nties, the CNDDB for detai ls. the forms for both species and natural
q uads, or taxa, and various reports are communities available to a l l . Attaching
possible. Another common way to U pdating the Database: a location map to the form is essential
acq u ire CNDDB data is to request the Contri b utions from the Field to ensure that we accurately enter the
textual and graphic information for a information into the computer.
particular area (a quad, for example). As of May 2000, the CNDDB com­
These data are presented as a vel l u m p uter fi les contained approxi m ately Roxanne Bittman is the Botanist at the Cal­
overlay t o a specific topographic map 1 7 ,553 records on 1 ,209 plants ( out of ifornia Natural Diversity Database, Depart­
along with an accompanying text report 1 , 784 plants on the Special Plants l ist) , ment of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 N inth St.,
on the rare elements appearing on the 1 6,094 records on 437 ani mals ( out of 1 2th Floor, Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4 .

overlay. Simple l ists of rare plants and 6 5 1 anim als on the Special Animals
 j
Th e N atu ra l C o m m u n i t i e s P rogra m
TO D D K E E L E R-WO L F

S
i nce its in ception, the Califor­ erate size ( from one to several hun­ types, the classification system we use
nia Natura l Diversity Database dred acres). considers all of Californ ia's natura lly
( C N D DB ) Natura l Comm u ni­ occurri ng comm u n ities.
• They often form physical un its that
ties Program h as had the respo nsibility H ow does one go about defi ning
are treated as hab itats by animals
of mainta i n i ng up-to-date records of and classifying all the n atural commu­
and plants and are thus the most
the state's rare natural commun ities. n ities of Californ ia? The history of clas­
tangible su rrogates for ecosystems.
This is a separate function from that of sification in the state h as been long
the CN D D B rare plant p rogra m , but is Such attri butes enable them to be and varied (see discussion in Sawyer
i n every way analogous. The rationale mapped using remote sensing tools and Keeler-Wolf 1 995). As more
for mai ntai ni ng an i nventory of natural such as aerial photography or satel l ite emphasis has been placed on q uantita­
communities in conj u nction with indi­ imagery. M apping the d istri bution of tive defensible defi n itions that wil l hold
vidual species is grounded i n the phi­ n atural comm unities local ly, regional ly, up under scientifi c scrutiny or even in
l osophy of the community as an and statewi de gives conservation ists court, a concom itant amount o f
amalgamation of species i nteracting and resou rce managers a val uable tool em phasis has been p laced on replacing
within a common physical environ­ to u nderstand the range of natural an anecdotal classification of commu­
ment (an ecosystem ) . As such, the ecosystems, their abundance, and their n ities with a quantitative one. I n 1 9 95
community responds to n atural or relative secu rity. CN PS publ ished the first edition ofA
u n n atural environmental changes and Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation ( M CV).
can be thought of as an ind icator of Defi n i ng Natu ral Com m u n ities The classification therein is an effort to
the overall health of the ecosystem and bring the defi n itions of California natu­
its com ponent species. Although they are complex assem ­ ral com m u n ities into a more q uantita­
The n atural com m u n ities i nventory blages of species, com m u n ities do tive rea l m (see davisherb.ucdavis. edu/
is a ki nd of coarse fi lter, which main­ share certain simi larities with species. cnpsActiveServer/index.html).
tains surve i l lance on a b roader spec­ Like species, some com m u n ities are Prior to the development of the classi­
tru m of b iological d iversity than can com m on, some are natura l ly rare, and fication embodied in the MCV, classifi­
be accom p l ished through mon itoring some have become rare as a result of cation of natural com munities was a
o n ly the i n d ivid u al rare species. N atur­ anthropogenic influences. California's hodge-podge. Many natural com m uni­
al com m u n ities have a n u m ber of d i f­ enviro n mental variation is extreme, ties have been defined by their domi­
ferent attri butes than i n d ividual from coast to mou ntains to deserts, nant or characteristic plant species.
speci es: from sand to serpentine outcrops to Examples include Redwood Forest, Blue
flooded alka l i ne si nks. Like plants, a Oak Woodland, and Purple Needlegrass
• They are usually more physically given natural community typically occurs Grassland. Others have been defi ned on
defi ned than populations of ind ivid­ i n o n ly a small portion of this environ­ a generalized habitat basis, including
ual species, i nclud i ng a given struc­ mental spectrum , and species com po­ Southern Maritime Chaparral, G reat
ture and d iscernable edges or sition in d ifferent com m u n ities varies Valley M ixed Riparian Forest, and M ixed
transitions to adj acent commu n ities. widely and is often no n-overlapping. Moj ave Scrub. Although habitats have
• They reflect d i stinct environmental The conseq uence of th is diversity, cou­ names we can identify with, we need
conditions defined by the gro u p of pled with a vast range of detrimental quantitative defi nitions in order to ade­
species of which they are composed . im pacts, is that some com m u nities quately identify and evaluate natural
Th us, they can be considered ecolog­ contain a wealth of rare species and com m u n ities. Thus, a serious effort has
ical u n its, rather than j ust assem­ are in d ee d rare th e mselves, wh ile other been m ade over the past several years to
blages of species. com m u n ities are rare but do not con­ define vegetation based on its floristic
tain rare species. Although the CN D D B composition.
• They typically cover a n area of mod- maintains records for o n ly t h e rare Since the publication ofthe last CN PS

21
22 T H E N AT U R A L C O M M U N I T I E S P R O G R A M

Inventory, the CNDDB community classi­ The result o f this restructuring o f the now system atically classify and map
fication has m oved from a habitat­ CN DDB classification indicates where the vegetation of California. I n order to
based approach to a more floristic further work is needed in fl oristic and define mapping units, we need to sample
approach. Th is bri ngs CNDDB in line q u antitative defin ition of the natural vegetation from selected sites through­
with the MCV and the compatible commu nities. By perusing the classifi­ out the m apping areas. CNPS has devel­
National Vegetation Classification, cation list ( available from CNDDB), oped detailed protocols to do this (see
spearheaded by The Nature Conservan­ one can see the rich development of www.cnps.org!vegetation/protocol. htm). The
cy (Grossman et al 1 998). The cu rrent certain portions and the paucity of data coll ected from these surveys has
list of n atural commun ities is now a flo ristic information in other parts of been entered i nto a statewide d atabase
floristical ly based system (see footnote), the classificatio n . Th e greatest amount for vegetation sam ple plots, arch ived
wh ich has been related at higher levels of detailed classification work has at CNDDB. These data are then ana­
of the hierarchy into habitat categories, taken place on U .S . Forest Service lyzed and the resulting classifications
in keeping with the previous Holland lands ( USFS) . Th is is due to the need used to label the mapping polygons.
( 1 986) classification. Table 1 displays a for USFS land managers to understand There has been a great increase in the
portion of the classification. the specific variation within fo rest and amount of vegetation m apped at a fi ne
Th is coding system bears a general chaparral vegetation for the m ost effi­ scale throughout California i n the past
si m i l arity to the H o l l and ( 1 986) coding cient and productive land manage­ few years. Projects to map at the
system with which m any are fam i l iar. ment. H owever, the amount of alliance and/or association level have
Add ing two d igits on the right, refer­ fl oristical ly-based d ata on vegetati on been or are c urrently being cond ucted
ri ng to the associati on level in the clas­ throughout the state has greatly in most of the Californ ia M ojave
sifi cation, has expanded the n u m bering increased over the last few years. Th is Desert, Anza- Borrego Desert,
system . The middle triplet refers to the means a more even level of resolution Yosem ite, Sequoia, and Ki ngs Canyon
all iance level wh ile the pair of d igits on i n classification fo r a l arger area of Cal­ National Parks, Poi nt Reyes N ational
the left is a general habitat d escri ptor iforn i a, and provides a more sec ure Seashore, Golden Gate N ational
analogous to the u pper levels i n the basis from which to do conservation of Recreation Area, and Suisun Marsh,
Hol land hi erarchy. We feel this system a l l n atu ral com m u n ities in the state. among other areas. This work is lead­
affo rds a better way of standardizing ing to a m uch more complete under­
the descri ptions of natural comm uni­ Vegetation Map p ing stand ing of the statewi de array of
ties based on d om inant and character­ and N atural Com m u nity vegetation and natural com m u n ities.
istic plant species. It also mai ntains the Defi n ition and Classification Th e concom itant classifi cati on and
habitat-based approach that many mapping of vegetati on is provi ng a
fi nd the m ost tangible means to relate Using quantitatively-based vegeta­ very efficient means of obta i n i ng both
to natural com m u nities. tion classificati on methods, we can detai l ed cl assifications and l ocations
of all natural com m un ities.

4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 G R A S S & H E RB D O M I N A T E D C O M M U N I T I E S
Beyond Rare Comm u n ity
Conservation to Rep resentative
41 .000.00 Native Grassland
Com m u nity Conservation
41 .01 0.00 Alka l i Sacaton B u nchgrass G rassland [Sporobolus
airoides]{ 4 2 1 20} Prior to the systematic approach of
41 .020.00 Ashy Ryegrass Bu nchgrass Grassland [ Leymus cinereus] mapping and classifying al l vegetation
41 .030.00 Big Galleta B u nchgrass Grassland [Pleuraphis rigida]
in a given area, the primary method of
natural co m m u n ity conservatio n has
4 1 . 04 0 . 0 0 Bluebunch Wheatgrass Bunchgrass Grassland [E(ymus spicatus]
been through identifying rare types of
41 .050 .00 California Oatgrass B u nch grass Grassland [ Danthonia californica]
vegetation and targeting those for con­
4 1 .050.01 California Oatgrass-Tall-Oatgrass [ Danthonia californica­ servation priorities. Although we cer­
Arrhenatherum elatius] ( Gren ier 1 98 9 ) tai nly need to identify and protect
41 .050.02 Sq u i rreltai I-Cal i forn ia Oatgrass [ E(ymus e(ymoides-Danthonia these rare commu nities, bypassing a
californica] (Stuart et al. 1 99 2 ) more thorough understanding of all
natural com m u n ities i n the state, com­
41 .050.03 California Oatgrass-Pull-up M u h ly [Danthonia californica­
mon-to-rare, has had some serious
Muhlenbergia fi/iformis] ( He l m s & Ratliff 1 987)
d rawbacks. These include:
Table 1. Sample portion of C N D D B com m u nity classification.
 T H E N AT U R A L C O M M U N I T I E S P R O G R A M 23

• M issing certain rare com m u n ity Th us, species with a broad geographic individ ual records of rare natural com­
types that are n ot easily identified by range i n m any cases occ u r in a broad mun ities. New information on occur­
casual visual inspection. range of com m u n ities. To best con­ rences of sensitive communities is always
serve the ful l genetic expression of any appreciated. The Natural Comm unities
• Ignoring entire com m u n ity types
species, common or rare, an under­ program has developed its own field sur­
that, though relatively widespread
standing of its ecological a m p l itude is vey form to facil itate in put of this infor­
and/or common, m ay be d ecl ining
important. Thus, com m u n ities repre­ mation. To further refine the state
d u e to various factors.
senting a l l aspects of a given species' classification of natural communities,
• Focusing ecosystem-level conserva­ ecological setting should be conserved. we are especially interested in receiving
tion efforts on rare com m u n ity A specific floristical ly-based com m u ni­ detailed records for as many different
types, when common and wide­ ty classification is better su ited to rep­ com m u n ities as possible. We are happy
spread types are l i kely to be more resent the fu l l range of variability of an to advise interested parties in the quanti­
i m portant for overall biodiversity individ ual species habitat than general­ tative data col lection procedures.
conservation. ized anecd otal types of commun ity
classifi c at i o n s . • LITERATURE CITED
Furthermore, rarity as is classically
Grossman, D. H . , D. Faber-L.angendoen, A.S.
descri bed is not as all-encom passing as Weakley, M . Anderson, P. Bourgeron, R.
we m ight l i ke. Rarity of natural com m u­ Future Trends
Crawford, K. Goodi n , S. L.a ndaal, K.
n ities can include com m u nities that for the C N D D B
Metzler, K. Patterson, M. Pyne, M. Reid,
contai n rare species as their key charac­ Co m m u n ities Program
and L. Sneddon. 1 998. International Classi­
teristic. Examples include lone Man­ fication ofEcological Communities: Terrestrial
zanita Chaparral, Southern Maritime Although the CNDDB Com m u nities Vegetation ofthe United States Volume 1. The
Chaparral, Crucifixi on Thorn Wood­ Program conti nues to place high priority National Vegetation Classification System:
land, and various vernal pool types. on identification and conservation of Development, Status, and Applications. The
Rare communities can also have u n usu­ rare natural commun ities, it can and Nature Conservancy. (Available at
al m ixtures of common species such as should expand to include identification consci. tnc. orgllibrary/pubs/class/index. html)
Klamath Enriched Conifer Forest or San of high-quality stands of all natural Holland, R. F. 1 986. Preliminary descriptions
Ben ito Mountain Unique Stands. They communities. This is in keeping with the ofthe terrestrial natural communities ofCali­
can also include once common com­ d irectives of the Wi l dl ife and Habitat fornia. U n published report. Californ ia
Data Analysis Branch's Significant Nat­ Department of Fish and Game. Sacra­
m u nities that have been red uced to
ural Areas Program . One of the charges m ento, CA. 1 56 pp.
local rem nants, such as N eedl egrass
Grassland, Great Basin Grasslands, and of this program is to locate and empha­ Sawyer, J .O. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1 99 5 . A
Valley Oak Riparian Forest. size "best examples" of all natural com­ Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation. Cal iforn ia
munities. Th is has been a difficult task Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA.
Rarity can also be d efi ned by the
prior to having detailed information on 471 pp.
structural components of vegetation.
Formerly common structural assem­ the regional representation of all natu­
bl ages such as forests of old growth ral com m u nities ( i .e. regional vegetation Footnote
redwood, Ponderosa pine forest, and maps). H owever, as more specific map­
Douglas-fir are becom ing i ncreasi ngly ping proceeds throughout the state, The two fu ndamental fl oristic u nits
rare. Certai n typical chaparral species more information wi l l be available to of the classification are the all iance
such as holly-leafed cherry ( Prunus illici­ make informed choices about best (also known as series) and the associa­
folia), toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia), or example occurrences. Sophisticated tion. An alliance is analogous to the
flowering ash ( Fraxinus dipetala) can analysis of biodiversity in a region gen us level of the classification and the
become trees and form woodlands req uires a well-developed vegetation associati on is analogous to the species
u nder certain moisture and fire classification and map. Conservation leve l . For more information, see the
regimes, but these forms are now rare. efforts in Cal iforn ia wi l l benefit greatly i ntroductory information in the M CV.
I n c l u d i ng structural d efi n itions of rarity from i m proved natural com munity
also a llows com m u n ity conservation to information.
Tod d Keeler-Wol f is the Vegetation Ecolo­
encom pass issues of wi l d l i fe habitat as gist at the California Natural Diversity
wel l as floristic u niqueness. General I nform ation D atab ase, Department offish and Game,
1 41 6 N inth St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4.
Natural communities can be used to
identify the ful l range of ecological As of May 2000, the CNDDB Natural
amplitude of their com ponent species. Com m u nities Program contained 2,635
 Th e Fed e ral E n d ange red S p ec i es Act
and Rare Plant Protection in California
J I M A . B A RT E L , J A N C . K N I GHT, A N D D I A N E R . E LA M

he Fed eral Endangered S pecies according to the ESA and its i m ple­ l ished on October 25, 1 999 ( Federal
Act (Act or ESA) was d esigned menting regulations, crucial legal dif­ Register 64:57534-57547), Cal ifornia
by Congress to slow or stop ferences exist between "l isted" had 7 candidate, 1 2 proposed and 1 67
anthropogen ic exti nctions offish, endangered and threatened species, federally listed plant taxa. Of the 1 67
wi l d l ife, and plants i n the U n ited States " proposed" endangered and th reat­ listed plants, approxim ately 2 1 % are
as wel l as of certai n fo reign species and ened species, and "candidate" species. l argely or enti rely restricted to particu­
species threatened by nonhuman caus­ Distingu ish ing among these terms is lar substrates ( i .e . , serpentine, gab bro,
es. The ESA was signed by President esse ntial because the level of protec­ ione or carbo nate) and approximately
Richard N ixon in Decem ber 1 973. It tion afforded these three groups varies 1 5% i n habit vernal pools. Regarding
repealed m u ch of the Endangered greatly. the future proposal of candidate
S pecies Conservation Act of 1 969, Section 3 of the Act defi nes an species, the Service fi nalized new guide­
which had replaced the Endangered endangered species as any species, l ines for assign ing priorities for l isting
Species Preservation Act of 1 966. S u b­ i ncluding subspecies, "in danger of endangered and threatened species
stantive changes made i n the ESA of extinction throughout all or a signifi­ under the ESA for fi scal years 1 99 9 and
1 973 i ncluded ( 1 ) the extension of cant portion of its range . " Varieties are 2000 on October 22, 1 999 ( Federal
Federal protection to plants and to also covered u nder the Act because the Register 64: 5 7 1 1 4-571 1 9 ) . Th is guid­
animals other than vertebrates, mo l ­ Service considers them equ ivalent to ance al lows the Service to al l ocate
l usks, and crustaceans, a n d ( 2 ) the subspecies. This section of the ESA fu nds and resources to the species that
establish ment of a category for th reat­ a lso d efi nes threatened species as any are in the greatest need of protection
ened species, to p rotect plant and ani­ species " l i kely to become an endan­ ( see also Listing below).
mal species before they reach gered species with i n the foreseeable In Decem ber 1 996, the Service sim­
dangerously low n u m bers. Although future throughout al l o r a significant pl ified its designati on of cand idate
amended several times si nce 1 9 73, the porti on of its range. " " Federally l isted" species ( Federal Register 61 : 6448 1 -
Endangered Species Act was l ast reau­ or " l isted" i ndicates that a species has 64485) . Candidate species were for­
thorized/amended i n 1 988. According been designated as endangered or merly d ivided into categories. Category
to H ouck ( 1 993 ), the Act remains th reatened through publ ication of a 1 candidates were species for which
"America's most controversial environ­ fi n a l rul e in the Federal Register. suffi ci ent i nfo rm ation was available to
mental law. " The Act is administered Proposed endangered and th reat­ support a proposed l isting as threat­
primarily by the U.S. Fish and Wi l d l ife ened species are those species fo r ened or endangered, but which were
Service i n the Department of the I nteri­ wh ich a proposed regu lation, but not a awaiting publ ication of a fo rmal l isti ng
or, and to a lesser extent, by the fi nal rule, has been published i n the proposal . Category 2 candidates were
N ational Mari ne Fisheries Service in the Federal Register. Candidates are taxa for species for which sufficient information
Department of Com merce. The d iscus­ which the Service has sufficient i nfor­ was u navailable to make a l isti ng deter­
sion below focuses on the U.S. Fish mation on biological status and m i nation. Taxa fo rmerly considered
and Wi l d l i fe Service's (Service) i m ple­ th reats proposed to them as endan­ candidates and included on past lists
mentation of the ESA. gered or threatened under the ESA, but were considered i n a third category
for wh ich develop ment of a proposed (category 3 ). Category 3 was d ivided
Te rm i nology under the l isti ng regu l ation is precluded by other into extinct taxa (3A) , taxonom ically
Endangered Species Act h igher priority l isting activities. The Ser­ i nval i d taxa or th ose not m eeti ng the
vice periodically publishes a notice of Service's defi n ition of a species (3 B ),
" Endangered" and "threatened" are review in the Federal Register l isti ng the and taxa considered too widespread or
often used l oosely or i nterchangeably cu rrent cand idate and p roposed not threatened when the designation
in a variety of contexts. H owever, species. In the most recent notice, pub- was m ade (3C). The Service's

24
 T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S ACT 25

December 1 996 d ecision d iscontinued wi l l not be req uired and additional ed ucational purposes; ( 3 ) disease or
the mai ntenance of a l ist of category 2 land, water or resource use restrictions predation; ( 4) the inadequacy of exist­
and 3 cand idate taxa. The Service now wi l l not be i m posed ifthe species cov­ ing regu l atory mechanisms; and ( 5)
lists as can d idates only those species ered in the agreement become listed in other natu ral or man-made factors
for wh ich sufficient i nformation is on the future ( m i n i m u m req u i rements and affecting its conti n ued existence. The
fi le to support issuing a p roposed ru le. cond itions that m ust be m et are codi­ Service publ ishes gu i d ance for assign­
fied i n Federal Register 64:32 706-32736 ing relative priorities to l isting actions
and Federal Register 64:5 2676). The con d ucted under Section 4 of the Act
Protection u nder the
goal of cand idate conservation agree­ annually si nce the listing backlogs that
Endangered Species Act
ments is to remove enough threats to remai ned fro m the 1 995- 1 996 mora­
the covered species to preclude the tori u m and fu ndi ng recision by Con­
• CAN D I DATE S PECI ES need to l ist the taxa as endangered o r gress. I n general, the Service places the
Cand idate species are not protected threatened under t h e Act. h ighest p riority on l isting actions that
under the Endangered S pecies Act. wi l l provide the greatest conservation
Although som e level of p rotection o r • PRO POS E D S P E C I ES benefits to i m p eri led s p ecies . The list­
management consideration is given to Proposed species are given l i m ited ing priority gu i dance for fiscal years
candidates by m ost Fed eral agencies protection under the ESA. Federal 1 999 and 2000 ( Federal Register
(e.g., U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of agencies m ust consider proposed taxa 64:57 1 1 4-571 1 9 ) gives highest priority
Land Management, U.S. Fish and in biological assessments (documents to emergency listing actions, second
Wil d l ife Service), such pol icies are not req u i red by Secti on 7 of the Act fo r cer­ priority to processi ng fi nal decisions on
mandatory under the Endangered tain Federal projects or actions). Fed­ proposed l i sti ngs, third priority to
Species Act, and they should not be eral agencies must also "confer" with resolvi ng the conservation status of
confused with l egal mandates of the the Service regard i ng any action or candidate species ( new proposed rules
Act. The Service is, however, req u i red project " l i kely to jeopardize the contin­ or candi date removal), and fourth pri­
by Section 4(b )( C)( i i i ) of the Act to ued existence" of a proposed species. ority to petition fi n d i ngs.
m onitor the status of candidate taxa During such a "conference," the Ser­ The l isti ng process may be in itiated
"to prevent their extinction wh ile vice typically reviews proposed p roject either th rough citizen petitions or i nter­
awaiting l isti ng. " plans and determ ines the l i kely effects nal Service actions. Listi ng proposals
The Service, u pon request, provides of a Federal action on a proposed generated i nternally by the Service have
"tech nical assistance" to Fed eral, state, species. Like the technical assistance no particular timetables but are priori­
and l ocal agencies, on the appropri ate provided by the Service for candidates, tized accordi ng to ( 1 ) listing priority
conservati on and management of can­ a conference is only an advisory n u m bers assigned when a species is
d idate species. l nteragency or conser­ process. Any reco m m endations to designated a candidate for l isting and
vation agreements between the Service modify or abandon the project and/or (2) the cu rrent listing pri ority guidance.
and other Federal agencies can be undertake protective measures for pro­ H igh est priority for l isting proposals is
d eveloped to protect the candidates. posed species are not mandatory on given to species with i m m i nent threats
Th is approach is illustrated by an the Federal agency conferring with the and high recovery potential. Taxonom­
agreement reached with the Forest Ser­ Service. ic uni q ueness is also a factor consid­
vice to protect the Rawson's fla m ing ered in assign i ng l isti ng priority, with
trumpet ( Collomia rawsoniana). Non­ • LI STED E N DA N G E RED monotyp ic genera receiving h igher pri­
federal landowners may also enter i nto O R TH REATE N E D S P E C I ES ority than species or su bspecies with
candidate conservation agreements Listing. Once l i sted via a fi nal rule i n s i m i lar th reats and recovery potentia l.
with the Service for proposed species, the Federal Register, endangered and Listings petitioned by ind ividuals or
candidate species, and species that are threatened plants receive the fu l l pro­ organizations are subj ect to a sched ule
l i kely to become candidates i n the near tecti on of the ESA. The listing p rocess i m posed i n Section 4 ( b ) of the ESA.
future. Under such agreements, the is covered by Section 4 of the Act. To Within 90 days of receiving a petitio n,
property owner comm its to i m plemen­ determ ine whether a species should be the Service m ust pub lish a fi nd i ng i n
tation of volu ntary conservation meas­ l isted, the Service evaluates five factors: t h e Federal Register i ndicating whether
u res for the species covered in the ( 1 ) the present or threatened destruc­ the petition action presents substantial
agreem ent. The property owner may ti on, mod ification, or c urtail ment of its i nformation ind icati ng that the peti­
receive assurances from the Service habitat or range; ( 2 ) overutil ization fo r tioned action m ay be warranted. If the
that add itional conservation measures co m mercial, recreational, scientific, or petition is found to be "substantial,"
26 T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S ACT

t h e Service m ust determine whether the designated at the time the species is ery p l a n s for a l l e n d a n gered or threat­
petitioned action is "warranted" within listed, to the maxi m u m extent "pru­ ened species, unl ess developing such a
1 2 months of receiving the petition. If dent and determ inable." Service regu­ plan woul d n ot promote the conserva­
the Service determi n es that the peti­ lations state that designation of critical tion of the species. Recovery plans
tioned action is warranted, it may ( 1 ) hab itat is "not prudent" when ( 1 ) direct Service recovery mon ies and he lp
publ ish a proposed rule concurrent identification of critical habitat can be outline actions that c an be taken by
with the 1 2 month fi n d i ng or ( 2 ) deter­ expected to increase the degree of public and private agencies and indi­
m i n e that the petitioned action is war­ th reat to the species, or ( 2 ) designa­ viduals to help recover listed species.
ranted but precluded by higher p riority tion of critical habitat woul d not be Such actions typically include habitat
l i sting actions. When a petition is beneficial to the species. Critical habi­ protection and m anagement, reduc­
found not to be warranted, the Service tat, as defined i n Section 3 of the Act, tion of th reats such as invasion of non­
publishes a "n ot warranted" fi nd i ng i n has two com ponents. It may include native species, monitoring of trends,
t h e Federal Register. ( 1 ) specific areas within the geographi­ and research to better understand
Regardl ess of how the l isting process cal area occupied by a species where both the biology of species and what
was i n itiated, when a taxon is p ro­ physical or biological features essential factors threaten them. Recovery plans
posed for listi ng, a proposed ru le or to the conservation of the species are advisory documents. As such, rec­
regu lation is p ub l ished i n the Federal occur or that may req uire special man­ o m mendations descri bed in them are
Register. Public comment and peer agement consideration or protection, not binding on other p u b l i c agencies
review are solicited by the Service. and/or ( 2 ) specific areas outside the or on private organizations or individu­
" Peer review" is i ncorporated i nto the geograph ical area occupied by a als. To improve recovery plan develop­
l isti ng process accord i ng to a j u ly 1 , species at the time of l isting when such ment and i m plementation, the Service
1 994 pol icy ( Federal Register 59:34270), areas are determ ined to be essential for strives to involve all appropriate agen­
which states that the "expert opinions the conservation of the species. The cies and affected parties and seeks
of three appropriate and inde pendent Service has rarely proposed critical independent peer review of d raft recov­
special ists" wil l be sol icited . Public habitat at the time taxa have been pro­ ery plans ( pol icies i n Federal Register
com ment and peer review are eval uat­ posed for l i sti ng. Th is practice has 59 :34270, 34272-34273). The Service
ed and summarized in the fi nal deci­ been criticized and has led to recent lit­ recom mends that recovery plans be
sion document regardi ng the l isti ng. igation (see Litigatio n below). u pdated or revised every 5 years.
If a taxon is proposed for listi ng, a Although i n the past critical habitat As of early 2000, recovery plans had
fi nal ru le l isting the species ( o r a with­ has rarely been proposed when a taxon been final ized for 68 of the 1 67 ( 41 %)
d rawal) m ust be p u b l ished in the Feder­ is proposed for listi ng, the Service con­ l isted Cal iforn ia plant taxa; plans were
al Register within 1 year of the siders protection of habitat to be finalized for 5 1 of these taxa in 1 998 or
p u b l ication of the p roposal. The 1 -year essential to successful species co nser­ 1 999. Draft plans were available for an
period before publ ication of a final l i st­ vation and publ ished a N otice of I ntent additional 25 taxa ( 1 5%) . Recovery
ing decision can be extended by the to Clarify the Role of Habitat in Endan­ plans have not been written for the
Service for up to 6 m onths to allow gered S pecies Conservation on J u n e remaining 44% of the listed plants in
additional i nformation to be received. 1 4, 1 999 ( Federal Register 64:3 1 8 7 1 ) . California. Recent Cal ifornia recovery
For i nternally generated listi ngs, includ­ The notice discussed the role o f habitat plans have taken a m u ltispecies
ing those covered by CN PS's suit ( see co nservation in virtually every process approach, treati ng a n u m ber of listed,
Litigation below), taxa to be protected cal led for in the Act. proposed and cand idates species as
through l isting are general ly gro u ped well as some species of concern in a
by the Service i nto packages based on Recovery. Recovery is the "corner­ single plan. Such m u ltispecies plans
sim ilar geography, threats, habitat or stone and ultimate purpose" ( U .S. Fish generally cover species found together
taxonomy. Among other advantages, and Wi l dl ife Service 1 994) of endan­ in a particular geographic area, habitat
these m u ltispecies packages allow gered species protection at the Federal or ecosyste m . In theory, including rec­
i m periled taxa to be proposed and list­ level and the greatest challe nge the Ser­ o m mendations to ensure the l ong-term
ed with m i n i m u m effort and facil itate vice and other Federal resource man­ conservation of candidate species and
development of recovery plans for agers face. The purpose of the ESA is species of concern in publ ished recov­
coherent clusters of taxa wh ich have not to l ist taxa but to recover listed ery pl ans could prevent the need to l ist
sim ilar recovery needs. species to the point where they no these species in the future. Recent Cali­
l onger req ui re protection of the Act. To fornia m u ltispecies recovery p lans that
Critical Habitat. Section 4( a)( 3) of this end, Section 4(f) of the ESA contai ned recommendations for con­
the Act requires that critical habitat be requ ires that the Service develop recov- servation of plant species of concern
 T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S A C T 27

include the 1 998 Recovery Plan for Agreements with states. Section 6 of used t o provide additional resources
Upland Species ofthe SanJoaquin Valley, the Act enables the Service to enter needed to acqui re additional conserva­
California ( 1 3 plant species of concern ) i nto cooperative agreements with any tion lands for com pl eted habitat con­
and the 1 998 Recovery Plan for Serpentine State that establ ished and maintains servation plans ( H C Ps, see below).
Soil Species ofthe San Francisco Bay Area ( 6 an active program for the conservation
plant species of concern ). of endangered and threatened species. lnteragency cooperation and consulta­
Wh ile t h e Service is making p rogress Such agreements enable the Service to tion. Section 7 requires i nteragency
completing and approving recovery financially assist state agencies, such as cooperation to protect listed species,
plans, the recovery program wi l l only the Californi a Department of Fish and and thereby provides plants with the
be successfu l when recovery plans are Game ( CDFG), in i m plementation of most sign ificant protection conferred
not j ust written but also broadly and programs for the conservation of by any of the 1 8 sections of the Act.
u n iformly i m plemented. Most endangered and threatened species. Responsibilities of Federal agencies
approved plans have not been fully Actions typ ically fund ed by the Service under Section 7 of the Act fall i nto two
i m plemented i n California or nation­ i nclude research, species management, categories. U nder Section 7(a)( 1 ), Fed­
wide. Few taxa, i ncluding only one mon itori ng the status of candidate and era l age ncies are d i rected, in consu lta­
plant, nationwide have been delisted l isted species, and other recovery plan tion with the Service, to use their
( removed from the List of Endangered i m pl ementation ( but not habitat resources to further of the purposes of
and Threatened Wi l dl ife and Plants) acq uisition, except as noted below for the Act by carrying out programs for the
because of successfu I recovery efforts. comp leted habitat co nservation conservation of listed species. Section
plans). The Section 6 a l location to 7(a)(2 ) precl udes Federal agencies from
Delisting. Del isti ng, as noted above, CDFG over the last several years has authorizing, funding, or carrying out
may result from successfu l recovery been approxi mately one m i l l ion dollars any activities that are li kely to jeopard ize
efforts. To ensure their continued sur­ per year. Recently fu nded Section 6 the continued existence of any listed
vival, monitori ng of recovered taxa that projects for p lants i n Cal ifornia have species or result in the destruction or
are delisted is requ ired by Section 4(g) included ( 1 ) research to determi ne adverse m od ification of critical habitat.
of the ESA. S pecies may also be del ist­ effective management strategies fo r Section 7(a)( 2 ) consu ltatio n may be
ed because new data become available Blennosperma bakeri, Lasthenia burkei, " informal" or "formal . " Most agency
showing that l isting is no longer neces­ and Limnanthes vinculans on the Santa consu ltations are resolved informal ly.
sary (e.g., new secu re populations are Rosa Plain, Sonoma County, ( 2 ) classi­ I nformal consu ltation is used to deter­
d iscovered or taxonomy is clarified) or fication and ranking of San Joaq u i n m i ne ( 1 ) whether formal consu ltation
because the species goes exti nct. Val ley vernal pools for conservation, wi l l be req u i red or ( 2 ) ifthe p roject can
(3) i m plementation of recovery activi­ be modified to reduce or rem ove
Land acquisition. Section 5 of the Act ties for Arenaria paludicola and Rorippa adverse impacts to listed species. If a
governs land acquisition and allows gambellii in western San Luis Obispo proposed activity that depends on a
Federal agencies within the Department Cou nty, includ ing genetic ch aracteriza­ Federal action may adversely affect a
of I nterior (e.g., Bureau of Land Man­ tion and restoration of natural popula­ listed species or designated critical
agement, National Park Service, and tions, ( 4) site-specific protection of habitat, formal consultati on is
U.S. Fish and Wildl ife Service) and U.S. and habitat en hancement for three req ui red. Formal consu ltation con­
Forest Service to im plement a program coastal Monterey Cou nty plants ( Tri­ cludes when the Service issues a " bio­
to conserve listed species. To carry out folium polyodon, Potentilla hickmanii, and l ogical opinion" on the effects of the
the program , these agencies are direct­ Astragalus tener var. titi), (5) recovery project on listed species. Mod ification,
ed to use the land acquisition and other and management of Chorizanthe orcut­ or rarely abandonment, of a p roposed
authorities of the Fish and Wi ldlife Act tiana in San Diego County, including Federal action or project may be neces­
of 1 956, the Fish and Wi ldlife Coordi­ i nventory of curre nt and former sites, sary ifthe Service determ i nes that such
nation Act and the M igratory Bird reproduction and seed vi abil ity stud ies activity is l i kely to jeo pardize the
Conservation Act. U nder Section 5, and in itiation of seed banki ng, and ( 6) species or adversely modify its critical
endangered or threatened species habi­ dune restoration for Erysimum menziesii, habitat. Under such a scenario, the
tat may be acq u i red by purchase, dona­ Chorizanthe howellii and western sn owy Service must provide a "reasonable
tion, or other mechanisms. Th is section plover at MacKerricher State Park, and prudent alternative" to the con­
also allows these Federal agencies to use Mendocino County, includ ing removal su lting Federal agency
funds from the Land and Water Conser­ of European beachgrass. Begin ning in A Federal agency receiving a jeopardy
vation Fund Act of 1 965, as amended, fiscal year 1 997, fu nds authorized opinion during formal consultation
for habitat acq u isition. through Section 6 of the ESA are also may apply to the Endangered S pecies
28 T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S A C T

Comm ittee for an exemption fro m the plants wh ich were federa l ly listed i n n ot the purpose of, an otherwise lawfu l
req u irement of Section 7(a)(2) that no California a s of October 1 999 occur i n activity. I n d ivid uals, corporations, and
Federal agency action jeopardize an habitats for which Section 404 perm its state or local agencies may apply to the
endangered or threatened species. Sec­ could be requi red ( i .e., vernal pools or Service for a Section 1 0( a) incidental
tion 7(e) of the ESA establishes the other wetlands). Actions req ui ri ng a take permit. An incidental take permit
Comm ittee, popu larly referred to as Federal permit under Section 404 of al lows the incidental taking of i n d ivid­
the "God Squad. " The seven me mber the Clean Water Act are just one exam­ uals or habitat so long as the i m pacts
comm ittee is com posed of cabi net ple of actions that may result in Sec­ of the taki ng are m i n i m ized and miti­
level and other presidential appointees. tion 7 consu ltations for plants on gated to the maxi m u m extent practica­
An exem ption has never been sought non-Federal lands. Any other federal ly ble. H CPs typically prom ote the
for an action affecting a federal ly listed authorized or fu nded action is also concentration of im pacts and d evelop­
plant, but the process received nation­ subject to Section 7 consu ltation, as is ment and enable the protection of
al attention over the exem ption issuance of habitat conservation plans essential habitat i n the large blocks
req uested for actions affecting the ( HC Ps, see below). ( For further infor­ req u ired for survival of m any taxa.
northern spotted owl. mati on on Section 7, refer to the final Although the scope of habitat conser­
Contrary to public opinion, m ost procedural regu lati ons publ ished on vation plann i ng varies from parcels to
formal consu ltations do not result i n J u n e 3 , 1 986 in Federal Register ecosystems, larger scale effo rts are usu­
issuance ofjeopardy opinions ( Govern­ 5 1 : 1 9925-1 9963). ally more desirable due to the level of
ment Accou nting Office 1 992, Houck planning and abil ity to set aside larger
1 993 ) . Moreover, fewer than 1 % of for­ Prohibitions. Section 9 of the Endan­ areas for species protectio n.
mal consu ltations result in cancel ing of gered Species Act pro h i bits "take" of Two recent Federal Register n otices
projects ( Barry et al 1 992). The view­ federally endangered wi l d l ife. To "take" provided regulation and policy with
point espoused by som e critics of the an endangered animal is to harass, respect to H CPs. The first fi nal ized the
ESA, that Section 7 consultations harm [which includes sign ificant habi­ "No Su rprises" rule ( Federal Register
under the Act resu lt i n cancel i ng tat modifi cation or degradatio n ] , pur­ 63: 8859-8873 ). The N o Surprises ru le
urgently needed projects throughout sue, h u nt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, provides assurances to the holder of an
the country, is not su pported by the capture, or attem pt to engage in any HCP incidental take permit. For species
facts. In the vast majority of cases, eco­ such co nduct. Plants are not protected covered by the HCP, no surprises
nomic development and endangered against "take . " Instead, pl ants are pro­ means that no add itional restrictions
species protection are compatible. tected from harm in two partic u lar cir­ will be placed on land use and no addi­
Formal consu ltation for listed plants cumstances. Section 9 prohi bits ( 1 ) tional financial com pensation wi l l be
is req ui red when a proj ect that may the removal and red uction to posses­ requ i red beyond what is agreed to i n
adversely affect l i sted plants or their sion ( i .e., col lection) of endangered t h e HCP. The second notice, published
habitat ( 1 ) occurs on Federal land o r pl ants from lands under Federal in 1 9 99, establ ished overall biological
( 2 ) is a private action with a Federal jurisdiction, and ( 2 ) the rem oval, cut­ goals and objectives for species cov­
" nexus" (e.g., a Federal permit is ting, d igging, damage, or destruction ered by H CPs, clarified and expanded
requ i red or Federal fun d ing is of endangered plants on any other area the use of adaptive management and
involved ). For exam ple, the U .S . Army in knowing violation ofa state law or regula­ monitori ng i n H CPs, provided criteria
Corps of Engin eers freq uently requests tion. Section 9 also makes il l egal the to determi ne permit duration, and
consu ltation with the Service when i nternational and interstate transport, expanded the use of public partici pa­
proposed projects i nvolve placi ng fi l l i n i m port, export, and sale or offer for tion in the HCP process (the 5-point
vernal pools or other wetlands. Filling sale of endangered plants and animals. policy gu idance; Federal Register
of vernal pools, which are isolated The protection of Section 9 afforded 64: 1 1 485-1 1 490).
waters of the U .S. accord ing to the endangered species is extended to HCPs are not written or i m plement­
Clean Water Act, requ i res a Section threatened wi l d l i fe and plants by regu­ ed expressly for pl ants because listed
404 permit from the Corps. The lation ( 50 CFR § 1 7. 3 1 and 1 7. 71 ) . plants are not protected from take or
issuance of a Section 404 permit u n der destruction on private land (see Prohi­
the Clean Water Act triggers the con­ Habitat conservation plans. H abitat bitions above). H owever, if "sensitive"
sultation process, providing the Service conservation plans ( H CPs ), authorized plant species ( i .e., listed, p ro p osed
with an opportun ity to encourage proj­ under Section 1 O(a) of the Act, are and/or can d idate species, or other
ect redesign or other m i n i m ization developed to permit the "i ncidental plant taxa of co ncern ), occur with in
measures to avoid jeopardy to l isted take" of wi l d l ife by n on-federal actions the boundaries of an HCP, they are
species. Approxi mately 25% of the 1 67 when the "taki ng" is incidental to, and typically i ncorporated into the plan-
 T H E F E D E R A L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I ES ACT 29

n i ng process. For exa mp le, the Metro­ reached out-of-court settlements with J uly 1 , 1 994. Notice o f lnteragency Coopera­
pol itan Bakersfie l d HCP, i nvolving the California Native Plant Society and tive Policy Regardi ng the Role of State
262,000 acres in Kern County, covered the Fund for Animals. These settle­ Agencies in Endangered Species Act Activ­
two federally endangered plants, Opun­ m ents req u i red the Service to propose ities. Federal Register 59:34274-34275.
tia treaslei and Lembertia congdonii. The all category 1 taxa in the 1 99 1 ( p lant) February 7, 1 996. Proposed Pol icy on the
Service, l i ke all Federal agencies, can­ and 1 992 (wi l d l ife) notices of review. Treatment of I ntercrosses and l ntercross
not undertake any activity that m ight Approximately 1 50 California plant Progeny (the Issue of" Hybridizati o n . " )
jeopardize the conti n u ed existence of taxa were listed as a result of the C N PS Federal Register 6 1 :471 0-47 1 3 .
listed plant or animal species. There­ and Fu nd for Animals lawsuits. S i m ilar­ February 7 , 1 996. Draft Pol icy Regard ing
fore, prior to signing an H C P, the Ser­ ly, the Service's past l isting determ i na­ Control led Propagation of Species List­
vice cond ucts an i nternal Section 7 tions that critical habitat was n ot ed U nder the Endangered Species Act.
consultation to evaluate the l i kelihood prudent for many wil d l ife and plant Federal Register 61 :471 6-4720.
that listed species wi l l be jeopardized taxa have been the subj ect of recent or February 3 , 1 999. Executive Order by Presi­
by its signing the HCP. To ensure that threatened l itigation. dent Wi l l iam J . Cli nton on Invasive
the Service's action in sign i ng an HC P S pecies. Executive Order 1 3 1 1 2 .
is not l i kely t o jeopardize listed species, The Futu re J u n e 1 7, 1 99 9 . Announcement of Final Safe
the Service works with the applicant to Harbor Policy. Federal Register 64:
ensure the HCP conserves necessary Although few taxa have been formal­ 32706-32736.
lands or undertakes oth er appropriate ly recovered and delisted si nce the
• LITE RATU R E C I T E D
measures for listed plants. Act's i nitial passage in 1 973, the ESA
Ecosystem planning processes simi­ has been instrumental in protecting Barry, D. L., L . Haro u n , and C. Halvorson .
lar to HC Ps have been i nitiated for habitat and slowi ng the population 1 9 9 2 . For Conserving Listed Species, Talk is
plants on private lands, but o n ly when decl ine of hundreds of species across Cheaper Than We Think: The Consultation
there is sufficient i nterest from local the U n ited States, includ ing many of Process Under the Endangered Species Act.
government, and a Section 7 nexus Californ ia's rarest plants. The Service's World Wide Fu n d For Nature. Wash i ng­
such as the Clean Water Act Section responsi bi l ities to protect and recover ton D.C.
404 permitting process which governs Californ ia's rare plants are expand i ng Govern ment Accounting Office ( GAO) .
fi l l of wetlands. Significant progress dramatically as more taxa are listed 1 9 9 2 . Endangered Species Act: Types and
toward such ecosystem planning was and the pace of development and pop­ NumberofImplementing Actions. General
made for three vernal pool plants of ulation growth i n California accelerate. Accou nting Office Report No. RCED-
92- 1 3 1 B R. Gaithersburg, M D .
Sonoma County's Santa Rosa Plain, The Service rel ies upon the expertise
Blennosperma bakeri, Lasthenia burkei, and cooperation of other agencies and Houck, O .A. 1 99 3 . The Endangered
and Limnanthes vinculans, and their asso­ organizations such as the California Species Act and its i m plementation by
ciated sensitive animals before fun d ing Department of Fish and Game and the U .S . Departments of Interior and
and enthusiasm for the process ran out C N PS to accom pl ish its m ission to Co m m e rce . University ofColorado Law
Review 64:277-370.
i n 1 995. C N PS can make a su bstantial "conserve, protect and enhance fish,
contri bution to rare p l ant co nservation wi l d l ife, and plants and their habitats. " U.S. Fish and Wil d l ife Service. 1 994. Report
i n California by participati ng in, to Congress. Recovery Program for Endan­
gered and Threatened Species. U .S. Fish
encouraging, and d eveloping local Other pol icies and
and Wi l d l i fe Service. Washington D.C.
enthusiasm for such ecosystem pl an­ guidance of i n terest
n i ng efforts.
J u ly 1 , 1 994. Notice of l nteragency Cooper­ J i m A. Bartel is Assistant Field S u pervisor,
ative Pol icy on I n fo rmation Standards Carlsbad Fish and Wi l d life Office, U.S. Fish
Litigation
U nder the Endangered Species Act. Fed­ and Wi l d l i fe Service, 2730 Loker Avenue
West, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Jan C. Knight is
Litigation has increasingly affected eral Register 59:34271 .
Deputy Chief of the Endangered Species
the Service's workload. Lawsu its J u ly 1 , 1 994. Notice of l n teragency Cooper­ Division and Diane R. Elam is the Recovery
b rought against the Service to e l i m i­ ative Pol icy for Endangered Species Act Coord inator for the Sacramento Fish and
nate the l isting backlog for both p lants Section 9 Prohi bitions. Federal Register Wi l d life Office, U.S. Fish and Wi l d l ife Ser­
and a ni mals resu lted in d ramatic 59:34272. vice, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605,
Sacramento, CA 95825.
i ncreases i n the n u m bers of listed and J u ly 1, 1 994. Notice of l n teragency Cooper­
p roposed p lant species throughout the ative Policy for the Ecosystem Approach
nation. In California, the Service to the Endangered Species Act. Federal
Register 59 :34273-34274.
 Plants Listed or Proposed for Li sting Under Federal Law

M
inus the one plant men­ Mahonia sonnei ( FE) has been rejected Atriplex coronata var. notatior ( FE)
tioned below, this l ist fro m the sixth edition of the Inventory Baccharis vanessae (FT)
includes the 1 83 Cal ifor- for taxonomic reasons, and does not Berberis nevinii ( FE)
n ia native plants that as ofJanuary appear on the list below. Erysimum men­ Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis ( FE)
2001 have been designated as Endan­ ziesii ( FE) has been split i nto three sub­ Blennosperma bakeri (FE)
gered ( FE, 1 35 plants) or Threatened species in the Inventory; all are Brodiaea filifolia ( FT)
( FT, 48 pl ants) by the U.S. Fish and protected by Federal law. N ote also Brodiaea pa/Iida (FT)
Wil d l i fe Service un der Section 4 of the that this l ist uses the nomenclature Calochortus tiburonensis ( FT)
Endangered S pecies Act ( 1 973). Also adopted in the Inventory, which in a few Calyptridium pulchellum ( FT)
i ncl uded are three p lants which have cases d iffers from that of the U .5. Fish Calystegia stebbinsii ( FE)
been proposed for l isting under the Act and Wildlife Service. Entries in this Camissonia benitensis (FT)
as Endangered ( PE). For additional Inventory give the name under wh ich a Carex albida ( FE)
i nformation, contact the U.S. Fish and taxon is Federal ly-listed i f i t differs Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta ( FE)
Wi l d l i fe Service, 2800 Cottage Way, from the name used here. Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta (FT)
Roo m W2 605, Sacramento, CA Castilleja cinerea ( FT)
95825. Acanthomintha duttonii ( FE) Castilleja grisea ( FE)
Acanthomintha ilicifolia (FT) Castilleja mollis ( FE)
Allium munzii ( FE) Caulanthus californicus ( FE)
Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis ( FE) Ceanothus ferrisae ( FE)
Ambrosia pumila ( PE) Ceanothus ophiochilus (FT)
Amsinckia grandiflora ( FE) Ceanothus roderickii ( FE)
Arabis hoffmannii ( FE) Cercocarpus traskiae ( FE)
Arabis macdonaldiana ( FE) Chamaesyce hooveri (FT)
Arctostaphylos confertiflora ( FE) Chlorogalum purpureum
Arctostaphylos glandulosa var. purpureum (FT)
ssp. crassifolia ( FE) Chlorogalum purpureum
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii ( FE) var. reductum ( FT)
Arctostaphylos morroensis ( FT) Chorizanthe howellii ( FE)
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia ( FT) Chorizanthe orcuttiana (FE)
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida ( FT) Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana (FE)
Arenaria paludicola ( FE) Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens ( FT)
Arenaria ursina ( FT) Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii ( FE)
Astragalus a/hens ( FE) Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta ( FE)
Astragalus brauntonii ( FE) Chorizanthe valida ( FE)
Astragalus clarianus ( FE) Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale ( FE)
Astragalusjaegerianus ( FE) Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense ( FE)
Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae ( FE) Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum ( FE)
Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis ( FT) Cirsium loncholepis ( FE)
Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii (FT) Clarkia franciscana ( FE)
Astragalus pycnostachyus Clarkia imbricata ( FE)
var. lanosissimus ( PE) Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata ( FE)
Arctostaphylos rnorroensis Astragalus tener var. titi ( FE) Clarkia springvillensis ( FT)
Astragalus tricarinatus ( FE) Cordylanthus maritimus

30
 P LA N TS L I S T E D OR P R O P O S E D FO R L I S T I N G U N D E R F E D E R A L LAW 31

ssp. maritimus ( FE ) Fremontodendron decumbens ( FE) Orcuttia pilosa ( FE)

Cordylanthus mol/is ssp. mol/is ( FE) Fremontodendron mexicanum ( FE) Orcuttia tenuis ( FT)
Cordylanthus palmatus ( FE) Calium buxifolium ( FE) Orcuttia viscida ( FE)
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris ( FE) Calium californicum ssp. sierrae ( FE) Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana ( FE)
Cupressus abramsiana ( FE) Cilia tenuiffora ssp. arenaria ( FE) Pentachaeta bel/idiffora ( FE)
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana (FT) Cilia tenuiffora s s p . hoffmannii ( FE) Pentachaeta lyonii ( FE)
Deinandra conjugens (FT) Crindelia fraxino-pratensis (FT) Phacelia insularis var. insularis ( FE)
Deinandra increscens ssp. vil/osa ( FE) Helianthemum greenei ( FT) Phlox hirsuta ( FE)
Delphinium bakeri ( FE) Hesperolinon congestum ( FT) Piperia yadonii ( FE)
Delphinium luteum (FE) Holocarpha macradenia ( FT) Plagiobothrys strictus ( FE)
Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense ( FE) Howellia aquatilis (FT) Paa atropurpurea ( FE)
Dodecahema leptoceras ( FE ) Lasthenia burkei ( FE) Paa napensis ( FE)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis (FT) Lasthenia conjugens ( FE) Pogoyne abramsii ( FE)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens ( FT) Layia carnosa ( FE) Pogoyne nudiuscula ( FE)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia ( FT) Lesquerel/a kingii ssp. bernardina ( FE) Polygonum hickmanii ( PE)
Dudleya nesiotica ( FT) Lessingia germanorum ( FE) Potentilla hickmanii ( FE)
Dudleya parva ( FT) Lilium occidentale ( FE) Pseudobahia bahiifolia ( FE)
Dudleya setchellii ( FE) Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense (FE) Pseudobahia peirsonii (FT)
Dudleya stolonifera (FT) Limnanthes ffoccosa ssp. californica ( FE) Rorippa gambelii ( FE)
Dudleya traskiae ( FE) Limnanthes vinculans ( FE) Sedel/a leiocarpa ( FE)
Dudleya verityi ( FT) Lithophragma maximum ( FE) Senecio layneae ( FT)
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata (FT) Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae ( FE) Sibara {7/ifolia ( FE)
Eremalche kernensis (FE) Lupinus nipomensis ( FE) Sidalcea keckii ( FE)
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum ( FE) Lupinus tidestromii ( FE) Sidalcea oregana s s p . valida ( FE)
Eriastrum hooveri ( FT) Malacothamnus clementinus (FE) Sidalcea pedata (FE)
Erigeron parishii ( FT) Malacothamnus fasciculatus Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus ( FE )
Eriodictyon altissimum ( FE) var. nesioticus ( FE) Streptanthus niger ( FE)
Eriodictyon capitatum ( FE) Malacothrix indecora ( FE) Suaeda californica ( FE)
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum ( FE) Malacothrix squalida ( FE) Swal/enia alexandrae ( FE)
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum (FE) Monardel/a linoides ssp. viminea (FE) Taraxacum californicum ( FE)
Eriogonum kennedyi Monolopia congdonii ( FE) Thelypodium stenopetalum ( FE)
var. austromontanum ( FT) Navarretia fossalis ( FT) Thlaspi californicum ( FE)
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum ( FE) Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciffora ( FE) Thysanocarpus conchuliferus ( FE)
Eriophyl/um latilobum ( FE) Navarretia leucocephala s s p . plieantha ( FE) Trichostema austromontanum
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii ( FE) Neostap{ia colusana ( FT) ssp. compactum ( FT)
Eryngium constancei ( FE) Nitrophila mohavensis ( FE) Trifolium amoenum ( FE)
Erysimum capitatum s s p . angustatum ( FE) Oenothera californica s s p . eurekensis (FE) Trifolium trichocalyx ( FE )
Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense (FE) Oenothera deltoides ssp. howel/ii ( FE) Tuctoria greenei ( FE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii ( FE) Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei ( FE) Tuctoria mucronata ( FE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp.yadonii ( FE) Orcuttia californica ( FE) Verbena californica (FT)
Erysimum teretifolium ( FE) Orcuttia inaequalis (FT) Verbesina dissita ( FT)
 Rare P l a n t M a n age m e n t o n t h e

j
National Forests and Gr s nd as la s i n Ca l i fo rn i a
B RA D LEY E . P O W E L L

alifornia has a total land area known or h ighly suspected t o occur on sance of projects such as timber har­
of 1 0 1 . S m i llion acres. Of N FS lands that are considered val id vests and i n put to enviro n m ental docu­
this total area, 20 m i l lion candidates for Federal threatened or ments, identifying basic research
acres are National Forest System ( N FS) endangered classification under the needs, mon itoring key populations,
lands. These lands are d ivided i nto 1 8 Endangered Species Act of 1 973 (as and preparing i n d ividual species man­
nati onal forests and one national amended, 1 988; see The Federal Endan­ agement guides.
grassland managed by the Pacific gered Species Act. . , above). The term
.

Southwest Region ( Region 5 ) of the "sensitive" is used to distinguish poten­ How Is the Region 5
Forest Service, U.S. Department of tial cand idates for l isti ng from plants Sensitive Plant List Developed?
Agricu lture. Portions of the Toiyabe officially l isted as "rare," "th reatened,"
National Forest managed by the I nter­ or "endangered," terms that have legal The development of the sensitive
mountain Region ( Region 4), and the meanings under Federal and state laws. species lists begins with the Nature
Siskiyou and Rogue River National Of all the national forest regions, Conservancy's N atural H eritage data
Forests managed by the Pacific North­ Region 5 contains the largest assem­ rankings to ensure consistency in
west Region ( Region 6), also are within blage of sensitive pl ant species i n com­ species incl uded on the l ist across fed ­
Californ ia. parison to its land base. In fact, of the eral agencies nationally and local ly, a nd
The Forest Service is mandated by m ore than 8,000 vascular plants occur­ between regions with each agency. The
Federal law to manage these lands for ring in Cal ifornia, wel l over half are l ist is peri odically vali dated by botanists
m u ltiple uses. Mu ltiple-use resource known to occur on N FS lands. Th is is affil i ated with major scientific institu­
management provides a sustainable due to the d iversity of topography, tions, the Cal ifornia Native Plant Soci­
supply of water, forage, wi l d l ife, wood, geography, geology and soils, cli mate, ety (CNPS), and the Species
recreation, and other renewable and vegetation that occur on N FS Conservation and Recovery Program
resources to benefit the American peo­ lands in California, the same factors and Natural Diversity Database
ple, wh ile ensuri ng the productivity of that acco unt for the exceptionally high (CNDDB) of the Cal ifornia Department
the land and protecti ng the quality of endemic flora of the State. of Fish and Game. The Region 5 sensi­
the environment. The Forest Service is Over 360 vascular and 5 non-vascular tive plant l ist also takes into account
committed to practicing the h ighest plants known to occur on N FS lands the taxa listed under state law as
standards of land and resource steward­ have been identified as Forest Service endangered, threatened, or rare. Any
ship. Management of national forests in sensitive and need further evaluation State-listed species which may need
California is i ntended to promote o r require special management to special management on N FS lands is
i ntegrity of ecosystems, biological d iver­ ensure long-term species viabil ity. Of considered for the l ist. In addition, the
sity, fish and wildl ife habitat, and forest these, 1 1 0 are endemic to N FS lands. Region 5 sensitive plant list incorpo­
and rangeland health, as wel l as provide The Region has the sole responsibility rates the professi onal field knowledge
a sustainable supply of renewable for the viabi lity and long-term conserva­ of Forest Service botanists and ecolo­
resources. Managi ng for endangered, tion of these species. At present, 36 gists. Many of these field botanists con­
th reatened, and sensitive species, the plants that occur on NFS lands in tribute directly to the CN PS Inventory by
rarest of the resources under our care, is Region 5 are Federal ly-listed as threat­ partici pating on the Society's Rare
essential to meeting these objectives. ened or endangered, and 4 are pro­ Plant Scientific Advisory Comm ittee.
posed for listi ng. The Region 5 sensitive plant list is
The Forest Service Activities of the Sensitive Plant Pro­ subject to additions and deletions as
Sensitive Plant Program gram include field verification of new data are obtained, taxonomic
known or re ported l ocations of sensi­ problems clarified, or as revisions to the
"Sensitive" is a term used by the For­ tive plants, preparation of i n d ivi dual source documents are made. The l ist is
est Service to designate plant species population records, field reconnais- expected to be dynamic, with review

32
 RARE PLANT MA NAG E M ENT 33

and possible revision occurring on a two 2 . Review programs and activities, ti on. The creation of the sensitive
to three year cycle to more accu rately through a biological eval uation, to species and watch l i sts are key steps
reflect the changing management situa­ d eterm i ne their potential effect on in meeti ng our committment as an
tio n . The Region 5 sensitive plant list is sensitive species. agency to maintain biologically d iverse
available upon request from the Forest and healthy ecosystems.
3. Avo id or m i n i m ize i mpacts to
Service Regional Office in Vallejo.
species whose viability has been
H ow Are Sensitive
identified as a concern .
Wh at Is the Forest Service Plants Actu al ly Managed ?
Po l icy for Sensitive Plants? 4. If i m pacts cannot be avoided, ana­
lyze the sign ificance of potential Distri bution patterns, habitats, a nd
I mplementation of the Sensitive adverse effects on the population or ecological parameters differ for each o f
Plant Program is outl ined in Forest Ser­ its habitat within the area of concern the 360+ sensitive plants i n Region 5 .
vice Manual ( FS M) Section 2670, and on the species as a whole. We have l earned fi rst-hand that p ro­
"Threatened, Endangered, and Sensi­ tecting and conserving these taxa d oes
5 . Establ ish management objectives, in
tive Plants and Animals." The FSM and n ot necessarily enta i l segregating sensi­
cooperati on with the states, when
the Forest Land Management Plans tive plants from other forest devel o p­
projects on National Forest System
provid e the working pol icies and ment or management activities.
lands may have a sign ificant effect
framework for implementing all Forest Past management activities and prac­
on sensitive species' population
Service activities and eval uating possi­ tices often provide i mportant insights
n u m bers or d istributions.
ble effects on endangered, th reatened , for assessi ng ecological requirements,
proposed, or sensitive species. Each national forest has a Forest and management opportunities and
Additional ly, a Region 5 "Threatened Botanist or a Sensitive Plant Program constraints for species. Some species
and Endangered Plants Program Coordi nator responsible for the i mple­ require freq uent burning, others are
H and book" ( R-5 FSH 2609.25), pro­ mentation of the Sensitive Plant Pro­ early successional taxa, wh ile others pre­
vides direction for day-to-day manage­ gram with i n that forest. Most Region 5 fer a specific microenvironment for o pti­
ment of the sensitive plant program national forests have a professional mal population size and vigor. Ti m i ng,
and techn ical procedures to i m plement botanist on staff and/or other h ighly intensity, and frequency of a proposed
the program at the project level. Both trained biologists worki ng on sensitive action are the key factors in biological
the FSM d i rection and Region 5 hand­ pl ant management issues. evaluations of proposed forest activities.
book are available for public review at For example, a timber harvest could
any Forest Service office. Watch List Species have no effect, adverse effect, or benefi­
Key parts of FSM 2670. 2 2 concern­ cial effect on a sensitive plant occur­
ing sensitive taxa are: A n u m ber of plant species do not rence depending on whether or not the
1 . Develop and i m plement manage­ m eet all the criteria to be incl uded on proposed action is evaluated and
ment practices to ensure that species the Regional Forester's Sensitive List, planned i n terms of the species' eco log­
do not become threatened or endan­ but are of sufficient concern that we ical needs. Th is is wel l illustrated by the
gered because of Forest Service need to consider them i n the plan n i ng Shirley Meadows star-tu l i p ( Calochortus
i
process. These include species that are westonii), which is endemic to the
r actions.
locally rare (as opposed to decl ining Sequoia National Forest. The ecological
I
2 . Maintain viable popu lations of all throughout their range), are of public requi rements of this species suggested
native and desired non-native concern, occur as disj u nct popula­ that selective thinnings of dense
wi l d life, fish, and plant species in tions, are newly described taxa, or lack con ifers cou l d be accompl ished when
hab itats distributed throughout their sufficient i nformation on popu lati on the plants were dormant in the fa l l ,
geographic range on N FS lands. size , threats, trend, or distri bution. thus creating a more o p e n , park-like
3. Develop and i m plement manage­ Such species make an i m portant con­ environment for this species. N u m bers
ment obj ectives for populations tri bution to forest biod iversity and are of Shirley Meadows star-tul i ps have
and/or hab itat of sensitive species. addressed as appropriate through the increased markedly under this prescrip­
N EPA process. To better identify th ese tion. H istorical ly, tree thinning was
In addition, FSM 2670.32 states that
species, forests have been encouraged probably accomplished by low-i ntensity
the Forest Service wil l :
to develop "watch lists" of species. ground fi res, but with the successful fi re
1 . Assist states i n achieving t h e i r goals These watch lists are dynamic and suppression efforts of this century, a
for the conservation of endemic updated as the need arises to reflect shift towards denser white fir and
species. changi ng conditions and new informa- incense-cedar has occu rred i n what

I
34 RA R E P LA N T M A N A G E M E N T

would otherwise be an open mixed plant data. I n addition, Region 5 has (of the research branch of the Forest
conifer-black oak forest. signed a M emorand um of U nderstand­ Service) and Regional Forester and are
Experience in maintain ing viable ing with CN PS and CNDDB. All of the established by the Chief of the Forest
populations of sensitive species i n sensitive plant data generated by Service in Washington, D.C. Botanical
dynamic forest, woodland, chaparral, Region 5 are forwarded ann ually to values and biological d iversity are also
and grassland ecosystems throughout C N DDB and shared freely with CNPS. provided by Congressionally designat­
their range on N FS lands has taught us Th is provides all i nterested parties with ed Wil derness, and Congressional ly­
that "fence them and leave them" is the current d istri bution, population designated Wil d and Scenic Rivers in
not always the best prescription. The trends, condition, and vigor for each Cal iforn ia's N FS lands.
key o bjective for l ong-term sensitive sensitive species that is i nventoried and Helping the public discover and
species management is not how m uch managed on NFS lands in Cal iforn ia. appreciate their natural heritage is an
forest management the species can tol­ i m portant conservation activity for
erate, but rather, what kind of forest What Are Region S botanists in the Forest Service. Each
management does the species need to Forest Service national forest develops a p rogram of
assure l ong-term conservatio n . Some Accom p l ish ments Regard ing activities designed to serve visitors.
sensitive plants requ i re prescribed Botanical Conservation ? Many botan ists work actively in their
management treatments, wh il e others, l ocal com m u n ities to bring the conser­
i ncluding som e sensitive p lants occur­ Region 5 developed the first Sensitive vation m essage to schools and civic
ri ng on restrictive or unique hab itats Plant Program in the Forest Service, groups. Forest Service botanists p ro­
such as the pebble plains on the San and has a long history of conserving vided su bstantial contributions to the
Bernard i no Nati onal Forest o r species rare and unique plants and plant com­ C N PS and DFG publ ication celebrati ng
of serpentinite substrates, simply need m u n ities. Th roughout N FS lands in the diversity of the California flora,
to be protected from groun d disturb­ California there exists a great wealth of "Cal ifornia's Wild Gardens."
i ng activities. Sensitive plant steward­ places with unusual scenic, historic,
ship in Region 5 is indeed a dynamic prehistoric, and biological val ues that Concl usion
and chal lenging part of m u ltip le-use m erit special attenti on and manage­
reso urce conservation. m ent. Botanical areas are one of the Sensitive plants on the national
As the national forest inventories for categories of"Special I nterest Areas" forests and grasslands are a unique and
sensitive plants are com pleted, (SIA's) that are identified in FSM sec­ scientifically valuable resource. I per­
l ong-range species and/or habitat tion 2462. Like other SIA's, botanical sonally encourage CN PS to conti nue to
management gu ides are prepared and areas are establ ished to protect sensi­ assist the Forest Service in our sensitive
i ncorporated into forest plans. These tive resources, and where appropriate, plant i nventory and conservation strat­
guides are not i ntended to be exhaus­ to foster public education and enjoy­ egy efforts. C N PS mem bers concerned
tive, but are designed as work plans, m ent. As ofJanuary 1 , 2000, 68 botan­ with sensitive plant management need
providing site-specific o bj ectives, activi­ ical areas had been formally to continue to coordinate conservation
ties, and time tables for i m p l ementa­ establ ished by the Regional Forester efforts with Forest personnel at the
tion . The guides specify monitoring pursuant to 36 CFR 294.1 a and i ncor­ local level, as they have during CN PS's
and periodic review to ensure that the porated into fi nal Forest Land Man­ partici pation in the develo pment of
guide is working to benefit the species. agement Plans. Several potential Forest Land Management Plans. This
As new data become available, they are botan ical areas, many contai n i ng sen­ involvement has been benefi cial for sen­
i n corporated i nto species management sitive plant species, are being evaluated sitive resou rces on Cal ifornia's national
gu ides. Effective implementation of with CN PS's assistance. Qual ifying forests, and ed ucational for both CN PS
these guides should ensure the botanical areas wi l l be establ ished members and Forest Service planners
l ong-term viabil ity of sensitive species, through amend ments to Forest Plans and biol ogists. Working together, we
there by p reventing the need to l ist the with ful l p u b l i c review under the can continue to conserve and manage
species under Federal law. N ational Enviro n mental Policy Act. for viable populati ons of sensitive plant
Forest Su pervisors and District Other sensitive p lant occurrences are species occurri ng on the national
Rangers can best manage sensitive within the 5 1 Research Natural Areas forests and grasslands in Cal ifornia.
p lants on the N FS lands they ad m i n is­ ( RNA's, FSM Section 4060) estab­
ter if they have the m ost current infor­ l ished for non-manipulative research Brad ley E. Powell is the Regional Forester,
mation. Therefore, forests have and study. Many proposed RNA's Pacific Southwest Region, USDA-Forest
developed specific methodologies for await establ ish ment. RNA's are recom­ Service, 1 32 1 C l u b Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592.
collecting and maintai n i ng sensitive mended jointly by the Station Di rector
 Rare P l a n t Co n servat i o n

j
o n B u re a u of La n d M an age m e n t La n d s
J O H N W I L LO U G H BY

he B u reau of Land Manage­ policy and is generally more restrictive. tories to better determi ne t he endan­
ment ( B LM ) manages just over Cal iforn i a's pol icy was first developed germent status of particular special
1 4.5 m i l l i o n acres of p u b l ic in 1 977 in recogn ition of the fact that status p lants. The former, wh i le i m por­
lands in California, including some in many candidate and sensitive plants tant, do not typically yield as m uch
a lm ost every one of Cal ifornia's 58 req u ire the same level of conservation useful i nformation as the latter. Th is is
cou nties (the California State Office is as Federal ly-listed plants. The policy is because N EPA-inventories usually
also responsib le for the m anagement to conserve and recover l i sted species cover o n ly small areas of public lands
of an additional 1 .5 m i l l ion acres in and to manage the habitats of candi­ and often yield negative i nformation
northwestern N evada). These public d ate and sensitive species to ensure (they tel l us where the plants are not).
lands are hab itat for many of the rare that B LM actions do not contri bute to Species-directed inventories, on the
plants included in this Inventory. Cur­ the need to list any of these species. other hand, help determ ine whether
rently, 262 special status p lants are The pol icy and guidel i nes for the man­ particular plant species should be
known to occur on B LM lands in Cal i ­ agement of special status plants i n Cal­ added or removed fro m the sensitive
fornia. A n additional 1 77 special sta­ ifornia is given in California B LM species l ist. BLM has expended consid­
tus p lants are suspected to occu r on Manual Supplement 6840.06 and erable effort i n species-directed i nven­
B LM lands, but their presence has not Manual Handbook H-6840- 1 . tories throughout the State,
yet been documented. particul arly in the San J oaq u i n Val ley,
The B LM the Moj ave and Colorado d eserts, and
S pecial Status Plants Program i n Cal iforn ia the Great Basin of northeastern Cal i­
forni a and I nyo and Mono cou nties.
B LM uses the term "special status I n California, the B LM is conti nuing Much, however, remains to be done.
plants" to include all of the fol l owing: to pursue the eight-point program out­
( 1 ) Federal ly-l isted and proposed l ined i n previous edition of this Inventory. • D ES I G NATI O N O F ACECS
species; ( 2 ) Federal candidate species; Th is program consists of the fol lowing AN D RNAS
( 3 ) State-listed species; and ( 4) sensi­ elements: ( 1 ) inventory; ( 2 ) designation B LM has designated 40 ACECs and
tive species. Sensitive species are those of Areas of Critical Environmental Con­ RNAs, covering more than 433,000
species that d o not meet any of the cern (ACECs), including Research Nat­ acres, specifically to protect rare p lants
first three criteria, but which are desig­ u ral Areas ( RNAs); ( 3) mon itori ng; (4) and other botan ical resources ( five
nated by the State Director for special research; (5) protection and restora­ more have been proposed for this pur­
management consideratio n . Plants on tion; (6) public ed ucation; (7) land pose) . Such designation req uires that
List 1 B ( Plants Rare, Threatened , or acq uisition; and (8) vol u nteer assis­ special management attention be given
Endangered i n Cal iforn ia and Else­ tance. Significant advances have been to these i m portant resources. There is
where) of the CN PS Inventory that do made in all of these areas. Some exam­ an i ndication that add itional fu nd i ng
not meet any of the first three criteria ples are given below. may be forthcom i ng beginn ing i n fiscal
are considered sensitive by B LM in Cal­ year 2001 to manage ACECs, RNAs,
ifornia. Sensitive p lants receive the • I NVE NTO RY and other special areas.
same level of protection as Federal BLM conducts two basic types of
candidate species. i nventories: ( 1 ) N E PA-i nventories, • M O N ITO R I N G
Nationwide Bureau policy on the which assess the effects of actions B LM M ost m o n itori ng b y B L M perso nnel
management of special status species authorizes or carries out on any special in Cal ifornia consists of returning to
( both plants and animals) is given in status plant species that m ight be pres­ known sites of special status p l ants,
B LM Manual 6840. Californ ia's policy ent in a project area (these are req u ired observing any threats, fi l l i ng out Cali­
on the management of candidate and u nder the National Environ mental Pol i­ forni a Natural Diversity Database
sensitive p lants predates the national cy Act), and ( 2 ) species-d i rected i nven- field su rvey forms, and possi b ly esti-
35
36 R A R E P L A N T C O N S E RVAT I O N

• RE S EARCH development of species management

Some recent research activities guides and habitat management plans
include a cooperative project w\ith to di rect future management of special
CN PS, the California Department of status plant habitat.
Fish and Game (CDFG), and The
• PU B L I C E D U CATI O N
Nature Conservancy to investigate the
seed germination requirem ents and BLM conducts n umerous fi eld tri ps
rei ntroduction of Owens Val l ey and natural history tal ks, both in the
checkerbloom (Sidalcea covillei) i nto its fi eld and in schools and com m u nities.
native alkali meadow habitat; a three I nterpretive signs and kiosks also he lp
year study in cooperation with CDFG to spread the word about the i m portance
better understand com m u n ity i nterac­ of conserving California's rare flora.
tions and grazing i m pacts on six vernal BLM is cooperating with an ad hoc
pool plants and macroinvertebrates in committee of Federal , State, and con­
Tehama County; a study of the ecology su lting botanists to develop a fi eld
of California vervain ( Verbena californica) guide to the rare plants of northern
i n the Red H i l ls ofTuolumne County; a Californ ia.
cooperative study with the U .5. Fish
• LAN D A C Q U I S ITI O N
and Wildlife Service, CN PS, and the
U n iversity of Montana to investigate B LM has a very active land acqu isi­
Canbya candida the ecophysiology offish Slough m i l k­ tion program in California. Many of the
vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinen­ lands acqu ired support populations of
sis ); and a q uantitative vegetation special status plants. For example,
analysis of the Pine Dunes Research more than 1 00,000 acres of val uable
Natural Area, Lassen Cou nty. rare plant and animal habitat have
been acqu ired i n the Carrizo Plai n; the
• PROTECT I O N A N D R ESTO RATI O N recent acqu isition of the Payne Ranch
Many actions have been taken to in Lake and Colusa cou nties has
protect and restore the habitat of spe­ brought 1 ,000 acres of serpenti ne habi­
cial status plants and rare plant com­ tat su pporting adobe-lily (Fritillaria pluri­
m u n ities. Recent exam ples include: ( 1 ) flora) into public ownership; and the
m ati ng the n u m ber of i n d ividuals massive rem oval of European beach­ acquisition of 7,200 acres of the former
u s ing a l ogarith m i c scale ( 1 - 1 0, grass, yel low bush lupine, and iceplant Fort Ord Army Base wi l l ensure that
1 1 -1 00, 1 0 1 - 1 000, etc . ) . Several on coastal d unes where the endangered some of the last undisturbed maritime
q u antitative stud ies are conducted plants, H u m boldt Bay wallflower (Erysi­ chaparral habitat in California and sev­
regu larly i n c l u d i ng mon itoring of spe­ mum menziesii ssp. eurekense) and beach eral rare plant and animal species
cial status p l ants on Red Mo u nta i n , layia ( Layia carnosa), and the rare pink remain in public ownership.
Mendocino County; i n Clear Creek sand verbena (Abronia umbellata ssp. bre­
• VO L U NT E E R ASS I STA N C E
and vicin ity, San Benito Cou nty; in the viflora) are being displaced by both the
Red H i l ls, Tuo l u m ne County; at Ash invasive and soi l altering attributes of BLM d epends heavily o n the assis­
Val l ey, Lassen Cou nty; and i n several these weeds; ( 2 ) cooperative projects tance of vol u nteers, includ ing those
vernal pools in the Sacram ento Val l ey. with CNPS and Desert Survivors to from the CNPS. Vol u nteers have
Begi n n i ng i n 1 998, l ong-term m o n i ­ revegetate alkal i meadow habitats hel ped in inventories for special status
toring was i nitiated a t t h e Algodones inhabited by the special status p lants, plants, in restoring ri parian and d u n e
Du nes, I m perial Cou nty, to track the alkali ivesia (!vesia kingii var. kingii) and areas, a n d i n helping patrol areas l i ke
status of the six special status p lants Hal l's meadow hawksbeard ( Crepis run­ Fort Ord to ensure that recreationists
fo u n d there , as wel l as the patterns of cinata ssp. ha/Iii), that have been dam­ stay on designated routes.
off-h ighway vehicle ( O HV) use i n the aged by OHVs; ( 3) extensive restoration In Cal ifornia, B LM c u rrently employs
southern part of the d u n es. C N PS of riparian and wetland vegetation in botanists i n its State Office and i n
employees and vo l u nteers have been the Mojave and Colorado deserts; (4) eight of its 1 5 Field Offices. I n addition
assisting B LM i n this effo rt. protective fencing around several spe­ to botanists, other B LM personnel -
cial status plant occurrences; and ( 5) including rangeland management spe-
 R A R E P LA N T C O N S E RV AT I O N 37

cialists, wi l d l ife biologists, natural fornia. I nterd isci pl i nary teams visit from grazi ng pressure in order to main­
resource specialists, and ecologists - each allotment and conduct qualitative tain or i m p rove the vigor of perennial
spend conside ra b l e ti m e and effort assessments of both u pland and ri pari­ plants, altering grazing management
o n rare plant managem ent. an/wetland areas. They also review to take advantage of episodic events
A recent development with broad mon itori ng and other i nformation i m portant to plant recruitment, and
i m p l ications for the management of already on hand. Based on this infor­ observing prescribed uti l ization l i m its.
rare plants and plant com m u n ities is mation a determination is made on The i m plementation of these standards
the adoption by B LM of standards for whether the allotment is m eeting or and guidelines should result in an even
rangeland health . B LM policy and reg­ making significant progress toward greater BLM comm itment to the conser­
u lations req u ire that its rangelands m eeti ng the standards. If not, a change vation of the rare plants and plant com­
(which comprise m ost of the lands in grazing management m ust be made m unities on California's public lands.
managed by BLM i n California) meet before the start of the next grazing sea­
these standards. There are standards son . In add ition to standards that John Wi llough by is State Botanist for the
for special status species, biodiversity, m ust be achi eved and/or maintai ned, Bureau of Land Management, 2800 Cot­
soil p rot e ct ion, and ri parian/wetland the re are also guidelines which must be tage Way, Room W-1 834, Sacramento, CA
management. BLM is currently con­ com p l ied with in order to graze the 95825.
d ucting rangeland health assessments public rangelands. These include such
on a l l of its grazi ng al lotments in Cal i- practices as al l owing periods of rest

I
I
 j
CNPS Botanical Survey Guidelines
DECEMBER 9 , 1 983
R E VI S E D J U N E 2 , 2 0 0 1

h e fo l lowing recom m enda­ fo und in such small n u m bers 3 . Those conducting botanical surveys
tions are intended to help throughout its range that it may must possess the followi ng q ual ifica­
those wh o prepare and review be endangered if its environ ment tions:
environ mental documents determ in e worsens.1
a. Experience conducting floristic
when a botan ical survey is needed ,
Rare plant (vegetatio n ) commu nities field su rveys;
who should be considered q ual ified to
are those commu nities that are of b. Knowledge of plant taxonomy and
cond uct such su rveys, how su rveys
h ighly l i m ited distri b ution. These plant commu nity ecology and clas­
should be conducted , and what infor­
communities may or may not con­ sification;
mation sho u l d be contained in the sur­
tain special status plants. The most c. Fam i I iarity with the p lants o f the
vey report. The Cal ifornia Native Plant
current version of the Cal ifornia N at­ area, including special status and
Society recom mends that lead agencies
u ral Diversity Database's List ofCali­ locally sign ificant p lants;
not accept the resu lts of surveys u n l ess
fornia Terrestrial Natural Communities2 d. Fam i l iarity with the appropriate
they are conducted and reported
should be used as a guide to the state and federal statutes related
accord ing to these guidel i nes.
names and status of com m u n ities. to plants and plant collecting; and,
1 . Botanical su rveys are conducted in e. Experience with analyzi ng i m pacts
Consistent with the California Native
order to d eterm ine the environ men­ of a project on native plants and
Plant Society's goal of preserving
tal effects of proposed projects on co m m u nities.
p l ant biod iversity on a regional and
all botanical resources, including
l ocal scale, and with California Envi­ 4. Botan ical surveys should be con­
special status plants ( rare, th reat­
ron mental Quality Act environmen­ du cted in a manner that wil l locate
ened, and endangered plants) and
tal i m pact assessment criteria3, any special status or local ly signifi ­
plant (vegetation) commun ities.
su rveys should also assess i m pacts to cant plants or plant com m u n ities
S pecial status pl ants are not l i m ited
l ocally significant plants. Both plants that may be present. Specifical ly,
to those that have been listed by
and plant com m u nities can be con­ botan ical surveys should be:
state and federal agencies but
sid ered significant iftheir local
incl ude any plants that, based on all a. Condu cted in the field at the prop­
occu rrence is on the outer l i m its of
avai lable data, can be shown to be er times ofyear when special sta­
known d istri bution, a range exten­
rare, threatened, or endangered tus and locally significant plants
sion, a rediscovery, or rare or
under the fol l owing defi n itions: are both evident and identifiable.
u ncommon in a local context (such
When special status p lants are
A species, subspecies, or variety of as with i n a cou nty or region). Lead
known to occur in the type(s) of
plant is "endangered" when the agencies should address i m pacts to
habitat present in the project area,
prospects of its survival and repro­ these l ocally u n i q u e botan ical
nearby accessible occ u rrences of
d uction are in i m m ed iate jeopardy resources regard less of their status
the plants ( reference sites) should
fro m one or more causes, includ­ elsewhere in the state.
be observed to determi ne that the
ing l oss of habitat, change i n habi­
2. Botanical surveys must be conduct­ pl ants are identifiable at the time
tat, over-exploitation, predation,
ed to determ ine if, or to the extent of su rvey.
com petition, or disease. A plant is
that, special status or l ocally signifi­ b. Floristic i n nature. A floristic sur­
"threatened" when it is l i kely to
cant plants and plant com m u n ities vey requ i res that every plant
become end angered in the foresee­
wil l be affected by a proposed proj­ observed be identified to species,
able future in the absence of pro­
ect wh en any natural vegetation su bspecies, or variety as applica­
tection measures. A plant is " rare"
occurs on the site and the proj ect ble. In order to properly character­
when, altho ugh not presently
has the potential for d i rect or i ndi­ ize the site, a com pl ete list of
threatened with extinction, the
rect effects on vegetation. plants observed on the site shall
species, subspecies, or variety is

38
 C N P S B O TA N I C A L S U RV E Y G U I D E L I N E S 39

be included i n every botan ical sur­ of a 7. 5 - m i nute topogra p h i c map 4. Locati on of deposited voucher
vey report. I n additio n , a sufficient with the occurrence mapped, specimens and herbaria visited.
n u m ber ofvisits spaced through­ shall be com pl eted, i ncluded
c. Results, i ncluding:
out the growi ng season is neces­ with i n the survey report, and sep­
sary to p re pare an accurate arately subm i tted to the Califor­ 1 . A description and map ofthe
i nventory of all plants that exist on n ia N atural Diversity Database. vegetation commun ities on the
the site. The n u m ber of visits and Po p ulation boundaries should be project site. The current stan­
dard fo r vegetati o n classifica­
the timing between visits m ust be mapped as accurately as possi ble.
d etermi ned by geographic l oca­ The n u m ber of i nd ivid uals i n each tion, A Manual ofCalifornia
tion, the plant com m u n ities pres­ popu latio n should be counted or Vegetation 6, should be used as a
ent, and the weather patterns of esti m ated, as appro p ri ate. basis for the habitat descri p­
the year(s ) in wh ich the su rveys are tions and the vegetation map. If
5. Com plete reports of botanical sur­ another vegetation classification
( conducted.
veys shall be incl uded with all envi­ system is used, the report must
c . Conducted i n a manner that is
ronmental assessment documents, reference the system and p rovid e
consistent with conservatio n eth ics
includ ing N egative Declarations and the reason for its use.
and accepted plant collection and
M itigated N egative Declarations, 2 . A description of the phenology
d ocu mentation techniq ues4,s. Col­
Ti mber H arvesting Plans, Environ­ of each of the pl ant communi­
l ections (voucher specimens) of
mental I m pact Reports, and Envi­ ties at the ti me of each survey
special status and locally signifi­
ronmental I mpact Statements. date.
cant plants should be made,
S u rvey reports shall contain the fol­ 3 . A l ist of all plants observed on
u n l ess such actions wo uld jeop­
lowing information: the proj ect site using accepted
ard ize the contin u ed existence of
the population. A single sheet a. Project location and description, scientific nomenclature, along
should be coll ected and d eposited includ ing: with any special status designa­
at a recognized p u b l ic herbari u m tion. The reference(s) used for
1 .A detailed map of the l ocation
for future reference. All collections scientific nomenclature shall be
and footpri nt of the proposed
shall be made in accordance with cited.
project.
applicable state and fed eral perm it 4. Written descri ption and d etailed
2 . A detailed descri ption of the
requ i rements. Photography may map(s) sh owi ng the location of
proposed project, incl u d i ng one­
be used to document plant identi­ each special status or l ocally sig­
time activities and ongoi ng activ­
fication o n ly wh en the population nifi cant plant fo und, the size of
ities that may affect botanical
cannot withstand collecti on of each popu lation, and method
resources.
voucher specimens. used to estimate or census the
3 . A descri ption of the general bio­
d. Conducted using systematic field population.
logical setti ng of the project area.
techniq ues in a l l habitats of the 5 . Copies of all California Native
site to ensure a thorough coverage b. Methods, i nc l u d i ng: Species Field Su rvey Forms or
of potential i mpact areas. All habi­ 1 . Survey methods for each of the Natural Com m u n ity Field Survey
tats withi n the project site m ust be habitats present, and rationale Forms and accompanyi ng maps.
su rveyed thoroughly in order to for the methods used . d . Discussion, i nc l udi ng:
properly i nventory and docu ment 2. Descri ption of reference site(s)
1 .Any factors that may have affect­
the plants present. The level of visited and phenological devel­
ed the results of the surveys (e.g. ,
effort requ i red per given area and opment of the target special sta­
drought, human disturbance,
habitat is d ependent u pon the veg­ tus plants, with an assessment of
recent fi re) .
etation and its overall d iversity and any conditions differing from the
2 . Discussion of any special local
structural complexity. project site that may affect their
or range-wide significance of any
e. Well d oc u mented . When a special identification.
plant population or com m u n ity
status plant (or rare p l ant com­ 3 . Dates of su rveys and rationale
on the site.
m u n ity) is l ocated, a California for ti m i ng and i ntervals; names
3. An assessment of potential
N ative S pecies ( o r Com m u n ity) of personnel conducti ng the sur­
i mpacts. Th is shall include a
Field S u rvey Form or e qu ivalent veys; and total hours spent i n
map showi ng the distri bution of
written form, accom panied by a t h e fi el d for each su rveyor on
special status and l ocally sign ifi ­
copy of the appro p riate portion each date.
cant plants and comm un ities on

r
40 C N P S B O TA N I C A L S U R V E Y G U I D E L I N E S

the site in relation to the pro­

posed activities. Direct, indirect,
and c u m u lative i m pacts to the
plants and commun ities shall be
d iscussed.
4. Recommended measures to
avoid and/or mi n imize d i rect,
indirect, and cumu lative i mpacts.

e. References cited and persons con­

tacted.

f. Qualifications of fi eld personnel

i ncluding any special experience
with the habitats and special sta­
tus plants present on the site.

• N OTES

1 . Cal iforn ia Envi ronmental Qual ity Act

Guideli nes, § 1 5065 and § 1 5380.
2 . List of Californ ia Terrestrial Natural
Com m u n ities. Cal ifornia D e partm en t of
Fish and Game N atural Diversity Data­
base. Sacramento, CA.
3. Cal ifornia Environmental Qual ity Act
Guideli nes, Append ix G ( I n itial Study
Environmental Checklist).
4. Collecti ng Guidelines and Documenta­
tion Techniq ues. California Native Plant
Society Policy ( adopted March 4, 1 995).
5 . Ferren, W. R., J r. , D.L. Magney, and T.A.
Sholars. 1 99 5 . The Future of California
Floristics and Systematics: Collecti ng
Guid e l i nes and Documentation Tech­
niq ues. Madrofio 4 2 ( 2 ) : 1 97-2 1 0.
6. Sawyer, JO. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1 99 5 . A
Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation. California
Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA.
471 pp. Penstemon filiforrnis
 C N PS Po l i c i es a n d State m e n ts Regard i n g Rare P l a nts

Po licy Regardi ng evaluation of m itigation proposals are be the sole mitigatio n req uired for
M itigation of I m pacts to avai lable from the Cal ifornia Native destruction of listed p lants or their
Rare and Endangered Plants Plant Society. habitat i n these cases.
Adoptedjune 1 987 by the Recent regulatory proposals by the
c The pol icy of the California N ative
CNPS Board ofDirectors Department, statements by the Califor­
Plant Society is that all potential direct,
n ia Attorney General , and activities in
i n d i rect, and c um u lative i m pacts to
Statement O p posi ng the courts and the state l egislature, sig­
rare, threatened, or endangered plants
Tran splantation as Mitigation nal that N PPA's provisions on trans­
and their hab itats must be assessed
for I m pacts to Rare Plants plantation may soon become the
and that appropriate m easures be
major, possibly the on ly, form of"pro­
i m p lemented to prevent such i m pacts
Th e California State Legislature tection" from u n l i m ited take for a l l
resulting from proj ects. The pol icy of
enacted the N ative Plant Protection state-l isted plant taxa. For these rea­
the Society is also that environmental
Act ( N PPA) i n 1 977. The N PPA i denti­ sons, it has become necessary to review
documents and m itigation plans be
fies wid e-rangi ng and broad categories the reasons why rel iance on transplan­
based on complete, accu rate, and cur­
of activities on private lands that tati on to conserve state-listed plant
rent scientific informatio n . Viabi l ity of
could result in the take ( ki l l i ng) of species is not only u n l i kely to succeed ,
rare, threatened, or endangered plants
state-l isted plants. These activities but is l i kely to contribute to further
and their habitats takes precedence
include: ( 1 ) agricultural operations or dec l i nes of these taxa, possibly to wide­
over economic or political exped iency.
management practices i ncl uding clear­ spread exti ncti ons.
Because of the tremendous d iversity of
i ng of land, ( 2 ) land clearing for fire Transplantation is rarely successful
rare p lant habitats in Cal ifornia, and
contro l , ( 3 ) tim ber operations i n in establishing rare plants at new loca­
the d ependence of rare pl ants on their
accordance with a l egal timber har­ tions. A study by the Department itself
local habitats, it is imperative that m it­
vesti ng plan, (4) m i n i ng assessment ( Fiedler, 1 99 1 ) found that, even under
igation m easures be d evelo ped on a
work, ( 5 ) performance by a publ i c opti m u m conditions with ample time
site-specific basis. Local environ mental
agency or p u b l i c uti l ity of its obl iga­ for planning, transplantation was effec­
conditions, species biology, land use
tion to provide service to the public, tive in only 1 5% of cases studied. Other
patterns, and other factors must be
(6) rem oval of listed plants from (a) a reviews (e.g. Allen, 1 994; Howald,
i n corporated i nto the design of mitiga­
canal , ( b ) lateral ditch, ( c ) b u i l d i ng 1 996) have found similar problems.
tion plans.
site, ( d ) road, or ( e ) other right of way There are many reasons for this poor
The goals of this pol icy are to pre­
by the owner of the land. Few land use success rate:
ve nt the d ec li ne of rare p lants and their
or management activities fa l l outside
habitats and to ensure that effective 1 . We often know very l ittle about the
of these categories. U n der one i nter­
rare plant preservation measures are biology of rare plants. We may not
pretation of Section 1 9 1 3 of the
i m p lemented . be aware of all the intricate habitat
N PPA, land owners who wish to
Of the m itigation measures listed in requ i rem ents of each listed species.
engage in any of the afo rementioned
the California Environm ental Qual ity Rare plants are often specialists that
activities, and who have been
Act, the Society ful ly endorses only that exploit a particular and un usual
i nformed by the California Depart­
of avoiding the i m pact. Measures to combination of habitat attri butes.
ment of Fish and Game ( Departm ent)
m i n i m ize, to rectify, or to red uce or They may requi re a particular soil
of the presence of state-l isted plants
elimi nate the i mpact over time are rec­ type, set of pol l inators, mycorh izal
on their property, need only provide
ognized by the Society as partial m iti­ fu ngi or other associate species,
1 0 day notice and give the Depart­
gation. The Society d oes not recognize aspect, hydrological regime, m icro­
ment the opportun ity to salvage the
off-site compensation as m itigation. climate or some combination of
p lants before proceedi ng. Th is wo uld
Guideli nes for proj ect review and these or other factors for survival.

41
42 C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S

2 . Su itable transplantation or propaga­ Signed, cal resource laws as the best available
tion sites may not be avai lable, par­ Lori Hubbart, President, approach for conserving biological
ticularly with only 1 0 days notice. California Native Plant Society diversity at the species l evel .
Barbara Ertter, Ph. D., Chair, CNPS In recent years, however, i t has
3. Digging up, transporting, and
Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee become clear that the rates of endan­
replanting plants, bulbs, rh izomes or
Ann Dennis, Ph. D., germent and extinction of entire species
seeds i mposes a tremendous stress
CNPS Vice President for Rare Plants are accelerating. Habitat destruction
on a plant. They can easily die in the
remains the principle reason for accel­
process. Carol C. Baskin, Ph. D.,
erated endangerment in Cal ifornia, the
President, Botanical Society ofAmerica
4. Scientifical ly-tested , rel iable meth­ nation, and the world . The destruction
J u ly 9, 1 998
ods for salvage, propagation, of biological ly val uable habitat must be
translocation or transpl antation are • LITERAT U R E C IT E D slowed, if not stopped, by using politi­
not available for many rare species. cal, legislative, and economic strate­
Allen, W. H . 1 994. Rei ntrod uction o f gies. Nevertheless, we recognize that for
5 . Areas where the i m pacted taxon is endangered plants: biologists worry that
some species the risk of extinction is so
already present are often at the car­ m itigation may be considered an easy
high that only aggressive and extraord i­
ryi ng capacity of the habitat, and the option in the political and legal frame­
nary measures may affect their conser­
i ntrod uction of transplanted i n d ivid­ works of conservation. Bioscience 44(2):
65-8. vation. Such measures remove plants or
uals into the existing population wil l
propagules from their habitats i nto
d isru pt the eq u i l i brium of that popu­ California Native Plant Society Rare Plant
co ld storage, gardens, or managed
l ation and wi l l not i ncrease the via­ Scientific Advisory Com m ittee. 1 99 1 .
sites in the hope that the species can be
b i lity of the taxon . M itigation G u ideli nes Regard ing
I m pacts to Rare, Threatened and reestablished in the wild at some later
6 . Th e 1 0-day notice provision means Endangered Plants. Califo rnia Native date. Those measures fall under the
that landown ers can req u ire the Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. realm of ex situ conservation.
Department to salvage plants at any Ex situ conservation i nvolves a tem­
Fied ler, P. 1 99 1 . M itigation related trans­
time of the year, including times that plantatio n , translocation and rei ntro­ porary, short-term set of germ plasm
are inappropriate for physical dis­ d u cti o n projects i n volvi n g en d a n gere d preservation techniques that are usual­
ruption of the plant. Annual species and threatened and rare plant species ly applied as choices of last resort. The
may not even be visible at some i n Cali fo rn ia. California Department of techni ques include, but are not l i m ited
ti mes of the year. Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA. 82 to: propagule col lection from natural
pp. populations and cryogenic storage,
Transp lantation can also cause
problems at the target site. Genetic Howald, A.M. 1 996. Translocation as a garden propagation, tissue cu lture,
conta m i nation can occur ifthe p lant m itigation strategy: lessons from Cali­ transplantation, and the establ ishment
being transplanted can exchange fornia. In: D.A. Falk, C . I . M i l l ar, and M . of new populations i n nature. Such
Olwell eds. Restoring Diversity: Strategies for techniq u es do not conserve all of the
genetic material with l ocal taxa. Dis­
Reintroduction ofEndangered Plants. I sland genetic variation, the metapop u lation
tu rbance at the target site m ay facili­
Press, Wash i ngton, D.C. characteristics, the symbionts, the
tate i nvasion by non-native i nvasive
species. associated species, the com m u n ity as a
For al I of these reasons, the Cal ifor- Poli cy on Appropriate whole, the habitat, or the ecosystem of
n ia Native Plant Society ( C N PS) d oes Application of Ex Situ the endangered plant. Consequently,
not recognize off-site compensation as Conservation Techn iques they do not conserve a species in its
appropriate m itigation for project entirety and they do not conserve a
i m pacts and opposes the use of salvage The Cal iforni a Native Plant Society species withi n its evol utionary and eco­
and transp lantation as mitigation for has always emphasized and wi l l always l ogical contexts. For these reasons and
i m pacts to rare and l i sted plants (Cali­ emphasize in situ approaches to the also because we lack a sol i d knowledge
fornia Native Plant Society Rare Plant conservation of rare and endangered of the effectiveness and Ii m its of ex situ
Scientific Advisory Comm ittee, 1 9 9 1 ). plants. In situ conservation protects techniq ues at this time, we view the
The und ersigned i nd ivid uals, botani­ and enhances populations and species appl ication of such tech ni q ues with
cal societies and organ izations oppose by protecting appropriate habitat with­ scientific skepticism .
the use of transplantation as the p ri­ in the historic range of the target H owever, the mem bers of C N PS rec­
mary means of conservation of rare species. In situ conservation is regarded ogn ize the gravity of the extinction
plant species. by this society and by existing biologi- problem and wil l not oppose the use of
 C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TA T E M E N T S 43

certai n ex situ conservation techniques (CEQA) or the National Environ­ habitat or ecosystem , usually by
u nder certai n circu mstances. Those cir­ mental Pol i cy Act ( N E PA) cannot be rem oving propagul es from the habi­
cumstances can be su m marized as one mitigated to less-than-signifi cant lev­ tat and storing them temporari ly
of two general types: els using ex situ conservation tech­ "off site" (e.g., in a freezer, botanical
niques. Decreases in the n u m ber of garden, etc . )
1 . During mandated recovery of endan­
individ u als and popu lations of an
gered species, ex situ techniques may germplasm: the contents o f a species'
endangered plant i m pacted by
be essential for establishing new pop­ genes, the actual genetic material
hu man activity cannot be compen­
ulations when all extant natural pop­ ( DNA contained in chro mosomes)
sated for i n this man ner.
ulations are ful ly protected in situ.
in situconservation: conserving a
Th is approach, if successfu l , can 2. When adeq uate ecological i nforma­
germ pl asm, species, or com m u n ity
result in a gross (as o pposed to net) tion does not exist for the remai ning
with i n its natural habitat or ecosys­
increase in the n umber of extant pop­ natural populations of a target
tem .
u lations of an endangered species. species. Adeq uate stud ies of micro­
All recovery activities, i ncl uding those habitat selection, fec u ndity, essential metapopulation: one o f several i nter­
which use ex situ tech niq u es, m ust be pollinators, co m m u n ity relation­ acting popu lations of a species
d esigned and executed by q ual ified shi ps, and other i m portant biologi­
propagule: any l iving material that can
biologists with the approval of rele­ cal characteristics m u st be
be used to propagate a species;
vant state and federal government completed before seeds or other
incl u des seeds, fru its, rh izomes,
agencies (e.g., California Department plant materials are removed from
stol ons, or buds
of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and natural habitats for an ex situ conser­
Wi ldl ife Service). vation effort. species: fundamental category i n a tax­
onomic hierarchy, a "kind" of organ­
2 . During the analysis of exti nction 3 . When reestabl ishment in the wil d of
ism which shares similar appearance,
probabilities for a given species ( usu­ plant material stored ex situ co u l d
ecology and behavior with others of
ally based on demographic or mini­ result i n genetic contamination of
its kind in time and space. For pur­
m u m viable populati on stud ies) it is existing wil d populations ofthe same
poses of this document it includes
determined that the remaining natu­ or d i fferent taxa. Such reestabl ish­
su bspecies, varieties, and other
ral population(s) is (are) l i kely to go ment projects m ust be carefu l ly
legally-recognized categories of
extinct in the near future due to sto­ reviewed to protect the target species
organisms.
chastic, genetic, or natural ecological from genetic contamination.
factors. This approach can m i n i m ize stochastic: random, u n predictable
4. When the ex situ techniq ues are not
the effect of d egenerative exti nction
based on scientifi c pri ncip les or symbionts: di fferent kinds of organ­
processes that are effective wh en the
facts, or when the methods and isms that m ust l ive together in order
population(s) is (are) very smal l .
resu lts of such projects are not fu l ly to m utually prosper
Such analysis must b e conducted by
doc u mented. Adopted September 1 992 by
q ualified biologists with the approval
of relevant state and federal govern­ 5 . Wh en an ex situ conservation effort is the CNPS Board ofDirectors
ment agencies (e.g., Cal ifornia not designed or conducted by q uali­
Department of Fish and Game, fied biologists or with the kn owledge Policy with Regard
U .S. Fish and Wil d life Service) . and consent of relevant govern men­ to Plant Co l lecting fo r
tal agencies ( e.g., Cal ifornia Depart­ Ed u cational Pu rposes
We continue to strongly oppose the
ment of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish
use of ex situ conservation techniques The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society
and Wi l d l ife Service).
u nder the fo ll owing circumstances: ( C N PS ) supports the use of plant and
1 . When applied as m itigati on for • G LO S S A RY wi l dflower col l ections as a val i d means
h uman-caused i m pacts to natural cryogenic preservation: sto rage of rare of provid i ng stu dents at many educa­
populations other than those materials at very low tem peratures tional levels with knowledge of and
i mpacts which operate on a global ( usually below -25 C) appreciation for the wonder, diversity,
scale (e.g., global warm i ng, acid and beauty of plant l ife. However, to
ex situ conservation: conserving a
rain). Losses of plant populations avoid breaking the law or damaging
germ plasm, species, or natural com­ the viability of populations of plants,
considered "significant" under the
m u n ity i n the absence of its natural the instructor must m ake known sever-
Californ ia Environmental Quality Act
44 C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S

al i mportant poi nts to the students • Col l ecting (at the h igh-school or recommends that voucher specimens
who wi l l be making the col l ections. l ower d ivision col lege leve l ) shou ld be col lected and stored appropriately
There are two levels of col lection for be l i m ited to the taking of as little of to docu ment fl oristic data i ncl uded i n
ed ucational and scientific purposes the plant as necessary to al low iden­ environ mental review projects a n d sci­
which are considered in this pol icy: ( 1 ) tification. entific studies, and that scientific docu­
Col lection of plant specimens for mentation methods and needs should
• Al l collecting activities should be
herbaria, and (2) Co l l ections of plant be incl uded i n academic curricu la, as
done inconspicuously, so that casual
and wi ldflower speci mens for lower outl i ned in the fo l l owing 1 4 recom­
( u n i nformed ) observers are not
l evel science and biology classes. M ost mendations.
encouraged to do l i kewise.
of the consid erations d iscussed apply
• Recom mendation 1 : Environmental
to both levels. • CN PS encou rages all botany and sci­
review projects (e.g., environ mental
ence i nstructors to use co m mon,
• It is i l legal to collect plants along a im pact reports [ E I Rs] and statements
especially weedy or garden, species
highway right of way, in National [ EISs ] , environmental assessments
for demonstrating collecting tech­
Parks, National Monu ments or [ EAs] , i nitial studies and negative dec­
niq ues, plant structures, and d i ag­
National Forests, State Parks, or larations, natural environmental stud­
nostic featu res.
m ost local parks without a col l ecting ies) that are conducted in the State of
permit. Plants and wil dflowers grow­ • The primary reason for collecting California and that include botanical
i ng in such locations are part of a plants for herbaria is to increase field observations should also include
natural system designed for p ub l ic knowledge of Cal ifornia's flora. voucher specimens, and/or photo­
enjoyment, and i n m ost cases should Repeated col lecting in wel l - known graphic documentation consistent
be left to natural processes. Perm its areas may serve no useful purpose. with existing standards, deposited i n
for col lecti ng pl ants m ust be Wh il e it is i m portant to document o n e o r more herbaria listed in Index
obtai ned from the appropriate the d istri bution of plants, includ ing Herbariorurn, Ed. 8 ( Hol mgren et al.
su pervising agency. rare species, it is critical to first eval­ 1 990) or su bsequent editions.
uate the i m pact of collecti ng on the
• It is l egal and permissible to col l ect • Recommendation 2 : Th e thorough­
plant population. Known and docu­
wi ldflowers on private lands provid­ ness of documentation for a particu­
mented populations of rare plants
ed that permission of the landowner lar project should be commensurate
should not be subject to additional
is obtained. Particularly appropriate to the i m portance of the study, but
col lection.
sites for col lection are lands slated in any case should i nclude col l ection
for development. • A key to ensuring preservation of of voucher specimens for target
Cal ifornia's diverse flora and fauna is species stud ies and noteworthy
• It is the respo nsi b i l ity of the instruc­
to deve lop a public informed about botanical observations (e.g., range
tor to ensure that the stud ents are
the val ue of these natural resources. extensions; state and cou nty records;
made aware of rare plants endemic
For this reason , C N PS encourages rediscoveries) .
to the area i n which the col lecti ng is
l i m ited and discri m i nating collection
to take place, and to caution the stu­ • Recommendation 3 : Clients (e.g. ,
of plants as part of the educational
dents against collecting these plants. private or p u b l ic perm it applicants)
process.
It is not appropriate (and there are for whom environ mental stud ies are
AdoptedJune 1 993 by the
su bstantial penalties ) to allow col­ cond ucted should be held fi nancially
CNPS Board ofDirectors
lection of rare or endangered plants, responsibl e for the col lection, identi­
and areas known to contain rare fication, and cu ration of botanical
pl ants should be avoided. The Po li cy on Col lecti ng vouchers; otherwise, there is l ittle
i nstructor may contact CN PS to fi n d G u ideli nes and ch ance that documentation wil l
o u t about rare pl ants i n th e area in Doc u mentation Tec h n iq u es i m prove.
q uestion.
Little or no botanical data are being • Recommendation 4: Col l ection of
• To increase the environ mental gathered or supported by voucher col­ botanical vouchers and the deposi­
awareness associated with making l ections on Cal iforn i a's flora wh i l e tion of them in formal herbaria
the collection, the students should more and more of Californ ia's botani­ should be a requirement of the CEQA
be req uested to observe and d escribe cal heritage is being l ost to urban and and NEPA processes. CN PS recom­
the habitat in which the plant was agricultural development. mends that the responsible agencies
growi ng. The Californi a Native Plant Society and legislative bodies undertake a
 C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S 45

review of state and federal legislation • Reco m m endation 8: One category of mentation of environ mental work
and make appropriate amendments hi erarchical data associated with and with the education of future
that wil l result in the collection and herbariu m speci mens should be that agency staff and consu ltants; and
preparation of botanical vouchers which ( 1 ) identifies the project for (3) their support for herbaria that
becoming a formal part of the envi­ which the specimen serves as a house voucher speci mens, which
ronmental review process. voucher, ( 2 ) lists the c l i ent, agency, docu ment the botan ical resources of
and/or institution associated with public lands and which document
• Recommendation 5: Preparation of
the project, and ( 3 ) names the the d iscl osures i n reports req ui red by
botanical voucher speci mens should
report in which the speci men is the CEQA and N E PA processes.
be encouraged as an i m po rtant part
cited.
of the scientific process. I n stitutions • Recom men dation 1 3 : Regulatory
and d epartments that support • Recommendation 9: I nvestigate the agencies and other responsible par­
herbaria should develop pol icies feasi b i l ity of i ntegrating voucher ties should consider developing a for­
regarding the deposition of vouchers speci men label data with computeri­ mal interrelationship between ( 1 )
by students, staff, and faculty. Sup­ zation efforts such as the Specimen agencies or their consu ltants and ( 2 )
port for herbaria should come not Management System for Cal ifornia academic institutions or museums,
o n ly from the host i nstitution or Herbaria (SMASCH ) to provide whereby the institutions wou l d pro­
department, but also from the users mechan isms for biogeographical and vide for fee the botan ical documenta­
who d eposit specimens. Agencies or floristic stud ies. tion portion of environmental
corporations that fund research reviews. Such an arrangement would
• Recommen dation 1 0 : CN PS recom­
should be made aware of the i mpor­ red uce or eliminate any burden p ub­
mends that the Association of Cal i­
tance of voucher specimens and l i c agencies or private corporations
forn ia Herbaria (AC H ) should take
should req uest that the preparation m ight antici pate collecti ng and cu rat­
an active role in organizing support
and cu ration of vo uchers be includ­ ing botanical voucher speci mens,
for and preservation of Cal ifornia's
ed as a regu lar part of proposals and wh ile i nsuri ng the col l ection and
herbaria.
budgets. preservation of i m portant specimens.
• Recom mendation 1 1 : The Associa­
• Recom mendation 6: Academic insti­ • Recomm endati on 1 4: The academic
tion of Cal ifornia Herbaria, CN PS,
tutions should include in their curric­ i nstitutions of Cal ifornia with botany
and the Cal iforn ia Botanical Society
ula opportu nities to expose students programs and herbaria should con­
(CBS) should coordinate their activi­
to the i mportance of scientific docu­ tinue and expand support for those
ties toward ( 1 ) preservation of Cal i­
mentation and the need to prepare programs and herbaria. The d ocu­
forn ia's botanical heritage; (2)
and preserve botanical and other bio­ mentati on and preservation of Cal i­
long-term su pport for Cal iforn ia's
logical voucher specimens. There is an fornia's botanical heritage and the
botanical education and docum enta­
urgent need to educate students in future of botan ical research depend
tion centers; and ( 3 ) im proved docu­
the i m portance and functions of sys­ upon the ed ucation of scientists,
mentation of California's botanical
tematics col lections, whether these resource managers, plan ners, and
resources through i m plementation of
students anticipate a future in aca­ consu ltants who have strong back­
statewide pol icies regarding the col­
demic or applied science or want to grounds in professional botan ical
lecti on, preparation, and curation of
be wel l-rounded citizens with under­ training.
voucher specimens for academic and
standing of experimental processes or Adopted March 1 995 by the
applied environmental and experi­
Cal ifornia's natural resources. CNPS Board ofDirectors
mental botanical stud ies.
• Recom m endation 7: Herbari um
• Reco m m endation 1 2 : Local , state, Po l i cy on Nonvascu l ar Plants
specimen collectors and label pre­
and federal agencies should
parers should take every opportun ity
strengthen and expand ( 1 ) thei r • CO N C E RNS RELATI N G TO
to include a wide range of hi erarchi­
req ui rements for documentation of C O N S E RVAT I O N O F N O N ­
cal geographic and habitat data on
enviro n mental reports, particularly VAS C U LA R P LA NTS
speci men labels, consistent with
the req u i rement for voucher speci­
existi ng standards, that wi l l i ncrease The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society
mens; and ( 2 ) their relatio nsh i p with
the usefu l ness of specimens and wi l l is concerned that nonvascular p lants
academic institutions and organiza­
m ake access t o the information pos­ (cryptograms) such as l ichens, algae,
tions (e.g., ACH , C N PS, CBS) to
sible through computerization of fu ngi, mosses, and l iverworts are not
assist with the professional docu-
label data. usually considered to be a biological
46 C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S

resource by resource agencies or other o f some species may b e valuable for The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society:
lead agencies in Cal ifornia Environ­ measuring the effects of h uman activi­
mental Qual ity Act (CEQA) or General ties on the environment. For example, HEREBY supports all efforts to preserve
Plan Law documents. the loss of l ichens may i ndicate and conserve native nonvascular plants ofall
By their u b i q uity, abundance, and i ncreased air poll utants. The loss of types; and
diversity, nonvascu lar plants are an mosses may suggest a decrease in soil HEREBY opposes projects that adversely
i m portant component of the Cal ifor­ moisture. A change in the relative abun­
affect the continued viability ofnative nonva­
nia fl ora. Many occupy habitats i n hos­ dance of algae may indicate chemical
scular plants ofany type unless appropriate
pitable to vascular p lants and may be or tem perature changes of water. mitigation is provided to compensate, in­
the only plant organisms that occu py With these thoughts in m ind, the kind, for losses ofnative nonvascular plants
certain sites. C N PS makes the fo l l owi ng pol icy state­ prior to project impacts; and
These plants, macro- and m icro­ ment concern ing nonvascular plants.
scopic, are critical and essential within HEREBY recommends avoidance of
the i ntegrated ecosystems. They pro­ WHEREAS nonvascular plants are valid
impacts to native nonvascular plants; and
vide habitat, forage, and refuge for ter­ taxonomic entities and are an important
restrial and aquatic vertebrates and component ofthe flora ofCalifornia; and HEREBY urges full enforcement ofall laws
i nvertebrates. They modify soil or rock and regulations concerning nonvascular
WHEREAS nonvascular plants provide
s u bstrate which may allow other plants plants that are consistent with CNPS policies
valuable biological functions, such as: provid­
to attach and grow, thereby i ncreasing and purposes; and
ing habitat for invertebrates, providing forage
the potential d iversity of habitat. They for terrestrial wildlife and birds, and reduc­ HEREBY supports and recommends listing
red uce organic material and enhance ing soil or rock substrates to sand or silt sized ofrare nonvascular plants as threatened or
u ptake of nutrients by other plants, particles to create soils; and endangered under the federal and state
perhaps servi ng as symbionts, and fix
Endangered Species Acts as appropriate; and
nitrogen that becomes available to WHEREAS nonvascular plants ofall types
other organisms. have been reduced from historic extent and HEREBYsupports and recommends state
No nvascular plants have been are being lost or adversely impacted at a and local government adoption ofpolicies
red uced in n u m ber, d iversity, abun­ rapid rate throughout California; and and ordinances to protect and conserve all
dance, and range (as many species in types ofnative nonvascular plants and com­
natural areas) by the red uction in habi­ WHEREAS rare nonvascular plants have
munities; and
tat area. Aq uatic ( freshwater and not been provided legal protection by listing
marine) and terrestrial (desert, forest, as threatened or endangered under the fed­ HEREBY recommends that all CEQA and
grassland, scrub, chaparral, and wood­ eral or state Endangered Species Acts; and General Plan Law documents address
land) systems have all been affected to impacts to native nonvascular plants and
WHEREAS nonvascular plants can be
some extent by h u man activity and all communities for projects that may adversely
important indicators ofthe health ofthe
contain nonvascu lar plants. Some affect them.
environment; and
gro u ps of nonvascu lar plants can be Adopted March 1 992 by the
used to indicate the environmental WHEREAS nonvascular plants add to the CNPS Board ofDirectors
health of an area. Popu lation changes biodiversity ofthe natural environment
 H i sto ry of t h e C N PS Rare P l a n t P rogra m a n d Inven tory

are plant stud ies have been a In Decem ber 1 974, the Society pub­ lists, the first one entitled " Presumed
focus of the California Native l ished the first edition of its Inventory of Extin-::t in Cal ifornia." Th is was done in
Plant Society since its begin­ Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants ofCal­ an effort to bring special attention to
n i ng. I n 1 968, G . Ledyard Stebbi ns, ifornia, under the editorsh i p ofW. 44 plants that were then known from
who was then President of the Society, Robert Powell. In its Main List were 704 historic col lections on ly. It became a
started a card fi le of California plants p lants of p rimary concern . A second c h a lle n ge to see if any of them could be
with a d istribution of less than o n e l ist was formed of 554 plants consid­ rediscovered (and several ofthem
hund red m i les. These cards were sent ered rare but not presently endangered. were) . The plants on these four lists
to botanists to solicit com ments. I n addition, 1 3 5 p lants were listed as were adopted by the California Depart­
U nder the d i rectio n of Roman Gan kin, being of l i m ited distri bution but not ment of Fish and Game as constituting
Chairman of the newly formed Rare rare. Th is brought the total of plants its Special Plants List. A supplement to
Plant Committee, these com ments included in the first edition to 1 ,393 the second edition was pub lished in
were evaluated and many more pl ants species, su bspecies, and varieties. At 1 98 1 , and another in 1 982.
were suggested for consideratio n . Sev­ the time of its publ ication, the CN PS The appearance of the new edition
eral in-house lists, com posed of over Inventory was the m ost detai led compi­ was fol lowed quickly by two other
800 plants, were circulated d u ring the lation of rare plant data for any state in major events in the Society's Rare Plant
next three years. The first widely dis­ the nation. It q u ickly became the m ost Program - the hi ring of Richard York as
tri b uted C N PS l ist appeared in 1 9 7 1 . widely used reference on the subject in a fu l l-ti me botanist and the signi ng of a
I t contai ned 520 plants. Cal iforn ia, and the prime source of Mem orandu m-of-Understanding with
At the same time, W. Robert Powel l information for botan ists, private con­ the Cal iforn ia Department of fish and
became Director o fthe Rare Plant Pro­ su ltants, conservationists, and the Game's Natural Diversity Database
ject. Early in 1 973 a major effort was staffs of city, county, state, and federal (CNDDB). The rare plant data that
mounted to u pdate and expand our agencies. already existed in our fi les, together
information. Again in-house lists were Many of these same i n d ividuals, in with the accelerated pace of acq uiring
circu lated. The h igh-point of these return, provided new i nformation, new i nformation, had outstripped the
activities occurred in J u ly 1 974, when a refinem ents, and corrections. C N PS capacity of our group of volu nteers to
nu mber of professional and amateur responded by issuing supplementary mai ntain current manual fi les and to
botanists from throughout the state lists of additions and deletions. With respond to inquiries in a timely fashion.
met for a mapping session at the U n i­ each passi ng year, it became more A fu l l-ti me employee had become a
versity of Cal ifornia at Davis. This pro­ obvious that a second edition of the necessity. Our agreement with CN DDB
vided an excel lent opportun ity for the Inventory was needed. I n Novem ber led to establishing the CN PS botanist's
participants to share their knowledge, 1 979, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service office and files within the faci l ities of
often i ncomplete, of California's rare and C N PS cosponsored a second the Cal ifornia Department of Fish and
and endangered plants. It should be review conference, once again on the Game, the state agency charged with
em phasized that from the beginning, Davis cam pus. About fifty specialists i nventorying rare, threatened, endan­
CNPS rare plant investigations have gave freely of their time and energy to gered, and sensitive plants and with
been based upon the first-hand knowl­ amend and correct provisional lists preparing the documentation needed
edge and field experience of a statewide that C N PS had developed for a pro­ for state I isti ng of these plants. For a
network of botanists who have been posed second edition. more com p lete history of the Society's
generous in their cooperatio n . We con­ The second edition appeared i n Rare Plant P rogram and the role of the
tinue to map l ocati ons i n d etail, con­ 1 980, with james P. Smith , J r. , R. jane CN PS Botanist, see Berg and Skinner
fi rm the existence of plants i n the field, Cole, and john 0 . Sawyer, J r. as editors. ( 1 990), Powell ( 1 975, 1 978), Powell et
and record changes i n population size There were several format changes. Th is al. ( 1 98 1 ), Smith ( 1 987, 1 990), Tibor
as we refine our dataset. time 1 ,383 plants were arrayed in four ( 1 999), and York et al. ( 1 982).
47
48 H I STO RY O F T H E C N P S R A R E P LA N T P R O G R A M A N D I N V E N TO RY

Plan n i ng for the third edition ofthe when we conducted pri mary research CNDDB, we com menced a detailed
Inventory began i n late 1 98 2 . Meetings for two new fields of i nformation, life com parison with the taxonomic con­
were held the fo l l owing year to d iscuss form and blooming time. I n J une 1 9 9 1 cepts and other i nformation contained
possible format changes and to solicit we circulated a req uest for new infor­ in TheJepson Manual, the monu mental
information on incompletely known mation to the data contri butors, now new work on Cal iforn ia's flora. Th is
plants. In J uly 1 983, through the gen­ n u m beri ng about 370. Later that year task extended i nto June 1 99 2 , and
erosity of many CN PS members, the we began the laborious process of entailed hundreds of name, status, and
Rare Plant Program was able to pur­ l i brary and herbari u m research on the d istribution changes. I n April of 1 992,
chase a computer. The work of enter­ more than 300 plants which are newly we circulated prel im i nary review lists of
ing a l l of our rare plant data i nto the added to this addition, and on the status changes and new p lants to the
computer began that summ er and was more than 35 plants sh ifted fro m List 4 contributors. We received wel l over
completed i n a relatively short time. I n to one of the h igher priority lists. Also 1 00 responses with tho usands of sug­
February 1 984, we once again held a i n late 1 9 9 1 , with exte nsive help from gested changes and i m provements. I n
statewid e meeting of amateur and pro­
fessional botanists at the U n iversity of
Cal ifornia at Davis. The third edition
was pu blished later that same year.
Work on the fourth edition began in
March 1 987, with the conversion of our
computerized data to dBase I l l + files.
Advances in database management
software improved our ability to organ­
ize and analyze the data and allowed
electronic coord ination with CNDDB.
To u pdate our i nformation, a l ist of
proposed status changes was circu lated
to more than 200 data contributors for
review. We also requested that any new
status or d istri bution i nformation be
brought to our attention at that time.
Meeti ngs were held i n Sacramento and
Berkeley in Decem ber 1 987, to discuss
fi nal status recom mendations and to
receive outstanding fi eld survey data.
These sol icitations resulted in an ava­
lanche of documentation.
I n ass i m i lating this information, we
systematically reeval uated the rarity
and endangerment ratings for more
than 700 of our highest priority plants.
Cou nty and topographic q uad data
were compared with CNDDB comput­
er fi l es. Habitat occurrence data were
assembled , categorized, and comput­ Mimulus shevockii
erized for more than 1 ,300 plants. Th is
i nformation was reviewed by botanists
at the CNDDB, Department of Fish
and Game Endangered Plant Project,
and The Nature Conservancy. The
fourth ed ition was published i n
Septem ber 1 988.
Work on the fifth ed ition com­
menced i n earnest i n S pri ng 1 99 1 ,
 H I S T O R Y O F T H E C N P S R A R E P L A N T P R O G R A M A N D I N V E N TO R Y 49

August 1 992, all p roposed changes to experts for review and formation of Smith , J . P. , J r. , ed . 1 98 1 . First Supplement,
date were reviewed in Sacramento by consensus. Over 300 individ uals were Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
the Rare Plant Sci entific Advisory Com­ i nvited to these meetings, and many of Plants ofCalifornia. Special Publication
mittee ( RPSAC) and several knowl­ them attended or presented opinions No. 1 ( second edition). California Native
Plant Society. Berkeley, CA. 28 pp.
edgeable guests, and by J u ly 1 993 the and data in absentia. At the conclusion
first complete d raft of the d ata i n this of these meeti ngs, the consensus Smith , J . P. , J r. 1 987. Californ ia: leader i n
vol u me a ppeared for review. RPSAC o pin ions and new data were then endangered plant protectio n . Fremontia
mem bers, CNDDB staff, and a n u m ber processed, with assistance from 1 5 ( 1 ) : 3-7.
of other selected experts reviewed the CNDDB. A large amount of fol low- u p Smith , J . P. , J r. 1 990. A h istory ofthe rare
data one fi nal time i n Fal l 1 993, and work, typically on taxonomic issu es, plant program and I nventory. Fremontia
hundreds of last m i n ute changes and was completed through early 2000. 1 8 ( 4 ) : 9-1 2.
corrections were made at that time. The recommendations of RPSAC also Smith , J . P. , J r., and K. Berg, eds. 1 988.
The fifth edition was p u blished in generated the need for m ore herbariu m Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
February 1 994. and l iterature work, completed d u ri ng Plants ofCalifornia. Special Publ ication
Efforts on the sixth edition began i n the fi rst half of 2000. No. 1 ( fo u rth edition). Californ i a Native
mid-1 994. Research on elevational Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. xvii i +

range for all taxa was completed by • LITERAT U RE C I T E D 1 68 pp.

late 1 994. We q ueried several floristic Berg, K . , a n d M . Skin ner. 1 990. T h e CNPS Smith , J . P., J r., and R. York, eds. 1 982. Sec­
databases to identify possible rare botanist is a reAection of the Society. ond Supplement, Inventory ofRare and
plants for addition, and other com par­ Fremontia 1 8 ( 4 ) : 1 3-1 5. Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
Special Pu blication No. 1 (second edi­
isons were performed to fi nd possible Powell, W. R., ed. 1 974. Inventory ofRare and
tion ) . California N ative Plant Society.
deletions, status changes, and the l i ke. Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
Berkeley, CA. 28 pp.
These q ueries resu lted i n the need for a Special Publ ication No. 1 ( fi rst edition).
large amount of l i brary and herbari u m California Native Plant Society. Berkeley, S m ith, J . P. , J r. , and R. York, eds. 1 984. lnven­
research. I n N ovember 1 995, prel i m i ­ CA. i i i + 56 pp. tory ofRare and Endangered Vascular Plants
ofCalifornia. Special Publication No. 1
nary review lists o f Inventory changes Powell, W. R. 1 975. Th e CNPS Rare Plant
(third ed ition). California Native Plant
were circulated to about 400 botanical Proj ect. Fremontia 2 ( 4 ) : 1 4-1 9.
Society. Berkeley, CA. xvii i + 1 74 pp.
experts around the state. From 1 996 Powell, W. R. 1 978. The CNPS Inventory - a
Smith, J . P., J r., R.J . Cole, and J .O. Sawyer,
through 1 998, research and review progress report. Fremontia 5 ( 4 ) : 28-29.
J r., eds. 1 980. Inventory ofRare and Endan­
contin u ed on over 600 new additions,
Powell, W.R., T. Duncan, and A.Q. gered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia. Special
400 status changes, and other modifi­ Howard. 1 98 1 . The Cal iforn ia Native Publication No. 1 (second edition ) . Cal­
cations proposed for the sixth edition. Plant Society Rare Plant Project. Pages i fornia Native Plant Society. Berkeley,
I n mid-1 998 and early 1 999, RPSAC 1 93-1 98 in: L.E. Morse and M .S. CA. vii + 1 1 5 pp.
was reorganized with the assistance of Henifi n , eds. Rare plant conservation: geo­
Tibor, D. 1 999. The CNPS rare plant pro­
Barbara Ertter, focusing on a regional
gra m . Fremontia 27 ( 2 ) : 4-6.
graphical data organization. New York
approac h . Eleven RPSAC regional Botan ical Garden . Bronx, NY.
York, R. , J . P. Smith, J r. , and S . Cochrane.
meeti ngs were held around the state Skin ner, M .W. and B . M . Pavli k, eds. 1 994.
1 982. New developments in the rare
d u ring much of 1 9 99. These m eeti ngs
plant progra m . Fremontia 9 ( 4 ) : 1 1 -1 3.
Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
represented an effort to bring the pro­ Plants of California. Special Publication No.
posed changes for the sixth ed ition (fifth edition). California Native Plant
d i rectly to the regional botanical Society. Sacramento, CA. vi + 338 pp.
 N u m e rical A n a l ys i s of Th i s a n d Previ o u s Ed i ti o n s

LIST OR APPENDIX TAXA % F L O RA

s the fo l lowi ng n u merical

com parison of the plants in 1 9 7 4 , 1 ST E D I TI O N

the six Inventory ed itions 1 . Very Rare & Rare a n d Endangered 704 1 1 .1 %
demonstrates, the size of Cal iforn ia's Appendix I- Rare and Not Endangered 554 8 .8%
rare and endangered flora contin ues to Appendix I I- Mostly of Li m ited Distri bution 1 35 2.1%
grow (Table 1 ). The percentages given Total 1 ,393 2 2 .0%
below ind icate the portion of the total 1 980, 2 N D E DITION

native flora in California represented 1 . Presu m ed Exti nct i n Californi a 44 0 . 7%

by the plants on a particular l ist for the 2 . Rare and Endangered 656 1 0.4%
different editions. We estimate that the 3. Rare, But Not Endangered 446 7.1 %
flora as currently d escribed contains 4. Rare i n California, But Not Elsewhere 237 3 . 8%
6,300 native species, subspecies, and
Total 1 ,383 2 2 . 0%
varieties. Th is is the n u m ber of native
1 9 84, 3 RD E D ITION
taxa that are ful ly d escribed in TheJep­ 1 A. Presu m ed Exti nct in Cal ifo rnia 34 0.5%
son Manual (about 6,000 ) , p l us the 1 B. Rare or Endangered in Californi a and Elsewhere 604 9 . 6%
approxi mate n u m ber that receive
2 . R/ E in California, More Common Elsewh ere 1 98 3.1%
peripheral mention as m i nor taxa.
3 . Need More I nformati on 114 1 .8%
There is a net addition of 1 64 p lants
( 1 9% i ncrease) to our highest p riority 4. Pl ants of Lim ited Distri bution 449 7. 1 %
list ( 1 B) since the 1 994 edition. Over Total 1 ,399 2 2 . 2%
1 00 of these have been u pgraded to 1 9 8 8 , 4TH E D I T I O N

1 A. Presumed Extinct i n California 39 0.6%

List 1 B from a lower priority l ist, i n
som e cases because we have learned 1 B. Rare or Endangered i n Californ i a and Elsewhere 675 1 0. 7%
more about their rarity or endanger­ 2 . R/E i n Cal ifornia, More Common Elsewhere 1 77 2 . 8%
ment, but often because conditions 3 . Need More I nformation 1 49 2.4%
have worsened and they are now more 4. Plants of Lim ited Distri bution 508 8.1%
seriously endangered than before. Two Total 1 , 548 24. 6%
sobering facts have emerged d u ri ng 1 9 9 4 , STH E D I TI O N

preparation of this ed itio n : over 1 6% of 1 A. Presu med Extinct i n Cal ifornia 34 0.5%
Cal iforn ia's native plants are either 1 B. Rare or Endangered i n Cal iforn i a and Elsewhere 857 1 3 .6%
exceed i ngly rare or seriously endan­ 2 . R/E i n Cal iforn ia, More Common Elsewhere 272 4.3%
gered, and a ful l one third of our native 3 . N eed More I nformation 47 0 . 8%
flora is considered worthy of i nclusion 4. Plants of Li m ited Distri b ution 532 8.4%
i n the Inventory. Our best efforts to d ate
Total 1 , 742 2 7. 6%
simply have not been sufficient to stem
2 0 0 1 , 6TH E D I T I O N
the further deterioration of Cal ifornia's 1 A. Presu m ed Exti nct i n California 29 0.4%
rich native fl ora. 1 B . Rare or Endangered i n Californ ia and Elsewhere 1 ,0 2 1 1 6. 2%
In the last seven years we have identi­ 41 7 6 . 6%
2 . R/ E in California, More Common Elsewhere
fied 351 new rare and endangered
3 . N eed More I nformatio n 52 0 . 8%
plants (Table 2 ) . These new taxa fa l l
4. Plants of Lim ited Distri bution 554 8 . 8%
into a t least five categories: rare plants
Total 2 ,073 3 2 . 9%
which have been overlooked in previous
editions, plants which are becomi ng
Table 1 . N u m erical comparison of the six CNPS Inventory edi tio n s . We have reevaluated per­
cent of flora for past editions based on 6,300 native plants i n California.
50
 N U M E R I C A L A N A LY S I S O F T H I S A N D P R E V I O U S E D I T I O N S 51

TAXA N E W

C N PS L I ST % OF S T H E D I T I O N T O T H E 6 T H E D IT I O N % O F N E W TAXA

1 A. Presu med Exti nct in Cal ifornia 2% 2 0.5%

1 B. Rare or Endangered i n CA
and Elsewh ere 49% 96 1 7%
2 . R/E i n California, More Common
Elsewhere 1 6% 1 35 38%

3. Need More I nformation 3% 5 1 . 5%

4. Plants of Li m ited Distri bution 31% 1 13 32%
TOTA L 1 00% 351 1 00%

Table 2. Percentage of fifth edition taxa on each l ist com pared to the n u m ber and percentage of new sixth edition taxa on each l ist.

endangered as habitat l oss and other although more common elsewhere, are si nce su bspecies and varieties typically
th reats accelerate, new plants wh ich rare here. By protecting populations have smaller ranges than species, and
have been described in Californ ia in the that are disj u nct or at edge of their are thus biologically rarer to begin
last seven years, plants newly "created" range, we make an i m portant contri­ with, and consequently more suscepti­
by taxonomic changes, and non-vascu­ bution to the conservation of genetic ble to disru pti on. Su bspecies and vari­
lar plants (28 taxa) which have been d iversity and evolutionary processes eties are morphological ly, genetically,
added to the Inventory for the first time. with i n species, and help to mai ntai n and geographically d istinctive, and
A disproportionate n u m ber of the the resil ience species need for survival m uch of Cal iforn ia's Aoristic d iversity is
taxa that are new to this Inventory have in the face of rapid environmental expressed at this infra-specific l evel. It
been assigned to List 2 (Table 2 ) . In the change. is therefore essential that our conserva­
1 994 edition, List 2 represented only Cal iforn ia's rare Aora is d ispropor­ tion efforts include these ranks as wel l
1 6% of the plants, but this l i st compris­ tionately rich in su bspecies and vari­ as fu l l species if we are to preserve the
es 38% of the newly added plants in the eties as com pared to the Aora as a Cal iforni a Aora as the remarkable l iv­
sixth edition; this fol lows a trend also whole (Table 3 ) . Th is is unsu rprising ing evo l utionary laboratory that it is.
noted in the fifth editio n . We assu me
TAXO N O M I C RA N K C A N AT I V E F L O R A 6TH E D I T I O N
this is pri m arily due to co nti n ued
botanical exploration on California's
fri nges, where most List 2 plants occur, N u mber o f Fu l l Species 4,839 1 ,397
and to the addition of rare bryophytes N u m ber of Subspecies or Varieties 1 , 1 59 676
to this volu me, m ost of which also % Su bspecies or Varieties 1 8% 33%
occur elsewhere i n North America. The
continued growth of List 2 matches Table 3. Com parison of taxonomic ran k of plants i n the California Aora as a whole and the
our growing recogn ition of the i mpor­ current edition of the Inventory.
tance of protecting plants that,
 U ses of t h e CNPS Inven tory

he Californ i a Native Plant u ments should review this information We also welcome suggested addi­
Society has invested a large as a step in determ i n ing the potential tions, deletions, nomenclatural
amount of ti me, energy, and for resource conflicts and the scope of changes, and transfers from one l ist to
mo ney to gather th is rare plant infor­ botanical su rveys needed. Conserva­ another. We are especially eager to
mation for one purpose: to promote tion ists and resou rce managers can use have errors brought to our attention.
the preservation of rare plants and the same information to review envi­ Please write the CN PS Botanist, Cali­
their habitats. Our responsib ilities are ronmental docum ents and prepare fornia Native Plant Society, 1 722 J
best served by com p lete and accu rate p u blic testi mony to infl uence decision Street, Su ite 1 7, Sacramento, CA
information upon which to make makers, and to gu ide rare plant protec­ 958 1 4.
sound conservation j u dgments and tion and preserve acquisition and man­
recom mendations. Although there agement. The C N PS pol icies
remain gaps to be fi l led, errors to be rep rod uced i n this volume should also
corrected, and refi nements to be be consu lted for fu rther gui dance i n
made, the information is here for all to these areas.
use. The challenge for us is to use it We are committed to the dissem ina­
wisely. tion of accu rate biological i nformation
We encourage conservationists, con­ to faci l itate plant conservation i n Cal i­
sultants, planners, research ers, and fornia. We offer our assistance to all
resou rce managers to use this Inventory i nvolved i n this arena.
to educate landowners and p u b l ic poli­
cy makers about rare plant conserva­
tion. The information it contains
should help d i rect efforts to identify,
protect, and manage California's rarest
botan ical resources. Consultants and
planners preparing environmental d oc-

Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. acuminatum

52
 Th e Rare, Th reate n ed ,
a n d E n d a ngere d P l a n ts of Cal i fo rn i a

he heart of the C N PS Inventory n ize that extensive habitat alteration person who publ ished the com b i na­
is o u r assessment of the cur­ and pervasive h u man i mpacts pose tion as it now appears.
rent conservation status of serious th reats to m any other species Often the scientific name is more
each of o u r state's rare, th reatened , that are stil l common. H owever, eval u­ com pl ex because botan ists have recog­
and endangered plants. We p resent ation of th reats to species that are nei­ n ized categories below the level of
these assessments together with a sum­ ther rare nor i m m i nently becom i ng so species. The two m ost useful are the
mary of cu rrent information on the d is­ is outside the scope of this Inventory. By subspecies (abbreviated ssp. ) and the
tri buti on and ecology of each taxon. l i miting our scope i n this way, we in no variety (abbreviated var. ) These names
We also include entries for plants that way i m ply that these species are not of are also given according to the Interna­
were considered but rejected for one or maJor concern . tional Code and they have their own
more reasons, as wel l as other scientific auth orities.
names that have been used in the stan­ Scientific Names Consider the example Penstemon new­
dard l iterature or in previous ed itions berryi Gray var. sonomensis (Greene) Jeps.
of this Inventory. The plants in this Inventory are pre­ Penstemon is the gen us or generic name;
sented alphabetically by their scientific newberryi is the specific epithet; G ray,
Basis fo r I nclusion names, the tec hni cal names that have for Asa Gray, is the author of the specif­
been properly publ ished for them ic epithet; var. is the abbreviation for
The vast majority of the taxa i n this accord i ng to the International Code of variety; sonomensis is the su bspecific epi­
Inventory are vascular plants ( ferns, fern Botanical Nomenclature. See Shevock thet; ( Greene), for Edward L. Greene,
allies, gymnosperms, and flowering ( 1 9 93) for a general discussion of first described the var. sonomensis as a
plants). With this edition, we for the nomenclature. fu l l species; and Jeps., for Wi llis Lynn
fi rst ti me also present our evaluation of In its simplest form, a scientific name Jepson , m odified its taxonomic posi­
rarity and en dangerment of Cal ifor­ has three parts. The fi rst is the genus tion and made it a variety of P.
n i a's bryophytes ( m osses, liverworts, or generic name. It is always capital­ newberryi. Fol l owing the general practice
and hornworts) . Algae, fungi, and ized. The second part is the specific for foreign words and phrases, Latin
l ichens are not treated here. epithet, often incorrectly cal led "the portions of the name (genus, species,
A plant m ust be native to California species name." Together, these two and infraspecific epithet) are typically
to be i ncluded. Ornamentals, plants components make u p the species distingu ished from surro u nd i ng text
escaped from cultivatio n , and natural­ name. If a scientifi c name is presented with u nderl i ning or italic typeface.
ized plants are excluded. So are the in its most complete form, these two
sporad ic hybrids that someti mes occur words will be followed by the names of Co m mon N ames
u nder natural conditions. Th e relatively one or more persons, often in an
trivial color variants and occasional abbreviated form, who fi rst publ ished Each of the plants also has a com­
departures from typical vegetative or the specific epithet or subsequently mon or vernacular name (except for
floral conditions, referred to by publ ished a taxonomic modificati on of the 2 8 no nvascu lar plants). We incl ude
botanists as "forma," are simi larly the plant. These names are the author­ th ese because it is often easier for
excluded. ities. If a portion of an authority many of us to refer to a plant by a
Th is Inventory focuses on p lants that occurs within parentheses, then the more famil iar sou ndi ng name. Of
are rare in Cal ifornia. A very small author i n parentheses originally placed course, the majority of the p lants i n
n u m ber of plants that are sti l l some­ the epithet in a d ifferent genus or t h i s book have no real common
what common i n Californ ia are includ­ species, or once assigned it to a differ­ names. M ost of them were coined by
ed because they are i n d eclin e and face ent taxonomic rank. The name cited Leroy Abrams for his Illustrated Flora of
further i mmediate threats. We recog- outside the parentheses is that of the the Pacific States. I n other instances, we

53
54 R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

simply fol lowed his lead by contriving use varies fro m that of TheJepson Manu­ rediscovered. These are Ventura marsh
n ames, usual ly by translati ng the Latin al, we include i nformation i n the Notes m i l k-vetch (Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
or Greek roots i nto English or by select­ section of each entry describing the sit­ lanosissimus), San Fernando Val l ey
ing an appropriate geograph ical refer­ uatio n. See S ki n ner and Ertter ( 1 993) spineflower ( Chorizanthe parryi var. fer­
ence or person 's name. We have for a d iscussion of taxonomic coordi­ nandina) , diamond-petaled Cal iforn ia
attem pted to fo l low Kartesz and nation between the Inventory and The poppy ( Eschscholzia rhombipetala),
Th ieret ( 1 99 1 ) i n matters of capital iza­ Jepson Manual. M ojave tarplant ( Hemizonia mohavensis),
tion, spel l i ng, and hyphenation of Where there is disagreement among water howellia ( Howellia aquatilis),
com mon names. Please see Appendix IV experts on taxonomic d isti nctiveness, H owel l's m ontia (Mantia howellii),
for an i ndex between common and sci­ we lean toward recogn izi ng doubtfu l ly northern adder's-tongue ( Ophioglossum
entific names. d isti nct taxa. Such taxa are typically pusillum ) , and Shasta orthocarpus
assigned to List 3. By encouragi ng pro­ ( Orthocarpus pachystachyus). One plant,
Fam i ly Names tectio n until taxon om ic q uestions are frog's-bit buttercup ( Ranunculus
resolved, we hope to red uce expost facto hydrocharioides), was inadvertently
Each entry also i nc l udes the tech ni­ lamentation over taxa that have been placed on List 1 A in the fifth edition
cal n am e of t h e fam i ly to which the shown to be distinct on ly after their and is n ow correctly placed on List 2.
plant bel ongs. Note that all of these d isappearance. Two plants that have n ot been seen
names end with the suffix "-aceae. " A We d o not i nclude taxa that lack for­ recently have been moved onto List 1 A:
few plant famil ies have older, alterna­ mally published scientific n am es. Santa Barbara morning-gl ory ( Calyste­
tive names that the International Code gia sepium ssp. binghamiae) and mesq uite
a llows to be used because their wide­ CN PS List neststraw (Stylocline sonorensis) .
spread acceptance predates formal All o ft h e plants constituti ng List 1 A
nomenclature. Gra m ineae is a perfectly We have created five "l ists" in an m eet the defi n itions o f Sec. 1 90 1 ,
acceptable alternative for Poaceae; effort to categorize degrees of concern . Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protection
Compositae for Asteraceae; Cruciferae They are described as follows: Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Califor­
for Brassicaceae; U m bell iferae for Api­ nia Endangered Species Act) of the
aceae; Leguminosae for Fabaceae; and • LIST 1 A : P LA NTS P R ES U M E D California Department of Fish and
Labiatae for Lamiaceae. However, EXTI N CT I N CALI FORN I A Game Code, and are el igible for state
these old names are gradually losing The 29 plants of List 1 A are presumed l isting (see Conserving Plants with Laws
favor, so we have used the standard­ extinct because they have n ot been seen and Programs . . . , above). Should these
ized, modern names for these fam i l ies. or collected i n the wi ld i n California for taxa be rediscovered, it is mandatory
many years. Although most of them are that they be fu l ly considered d u ri ng
Nomenclatu ral U sage restricted to Californ ia, a few are found preparation of environmental d ocu­
i n other states as wel l . I n many cases, ments relating to the Cal iforn ia Envi­
We use what we consider to be the repeated attem pts have been made to ronmental Qual ity Act ( CEQA).
current, best nomenclature based on rediscover these plants by visiting known
the recommendations ofRPSAC and historical locations. Even after such dili­ • LIST 1 B : P LA NTS RA R E , TH REAT­
consu ltation with taxonomic authori­ gent searchi ng, we are constrained E N E D, O R E N DA N G E R E D I N CAL I ­
ties. Many names i n this Inventory have against sayi ng that they are extinct, FO R N I A A N D E LS EW H ERE
been i n use for a long time, appeari ng si nce for most of them rediscovery The 1 02 1 plants of List 1 B are rare
i n M u nz ( 1 959, 1 968, 1 974) and re mains a d isti nct possibil ity. N ote throughout their range. All but a few
Abrams ( 1 923-1 960). Others have that care should be taken to distinguish are endemic to Cal iforn ia. All of them
been i ntrod uced or rei ntrod uced to between "exti nct" and "extirpated." A are j u dged to be vul nerable u nder pres­
us i n TheJepson Manual ( H ickman plant is extirpated i f it has been local ly ent circu mstances or to have a high
1 993 ), or descri bed new to science in eliminated, but it may be doing q u ite potential fo r becom i ng so because of
the last several years. nicely elsewhere in its range. their l i m ited or vul nerable habitat,
The usage in this Inventory does n ot We segregate these plants on their their l ow n u m bers of individuals per
follow any single p u b l ished source, own l ist to highl ight their pl ight and population ( even though they may be
though if other considerations are encourage field work to relocate extant wide rangi ng), or their l i m ited n u m ber
equal, we fol low usage in the current populations. Si nce the publ ication of of populations. Most of the plants of
l i st mai ntained by TheJepson Manual the fifth edition, eight plants thought List 1 B have declined sign ificantly over
project. When the nomenclature we to be extinct in California have been the last century.
 R A R E , T H R E A T E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 55

All of the plants constituting List 1 B assign them to one of the other lists or l ocality of a List 4 plant, for popula­
meet the d efi n itions of Sec. 1 90 1 , to reject them. Nearly all of the plants tions at the periphery of a species'
Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protection remai n i ng on List 3 are taxonom ically range or in areas where the taxon is
Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Califor­ problematic. For each List 3 p lant we especially uncommon or has sustained
nia Endangered Species Act) of the Cal­ have provided the known information, heavy losses, or for populations
ifornia Department of Fish and Game indicated in the Note where assistance exhibiting u n usual morphology or
Code, and are eligible for state listing. is needed, and tentatively assigned the occurri ng on unusual substrates.
It is mandatory that they be ful ly con­ taxon to a more defin ite l ist. Data
sidered d uring preparation of environ­ regarding d istri bution, endangerment, C N PS R-E-D Code
m ental documents relating to CEQA. ecology, and taxonomic val idity wil l be
gratefu l ly received. With the five CN PS Lists we maintain
• LI ST 2 : P LANTS RARE, TH REAT­ Some of the plants constituting List a simple classification that reAects an
E N ED, O R E N DA N G E RE D I N CA L I ­ 3 meet the defi n itions of Sec. 1 90 1 , overal l level of conservation concern.
FO RN IA, B UT M O R E C O M M O N Chapter 1 0 ( Native Plant Protection H owever, rarity and e nd angerment
ELS EWH E R E Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Cal ifor­ are not strictly correlated, and our
Except for being common beyond n ia Endangered Species Act) of the approach to protecting plants that
the boundaries of California, the 41 7 California Department of Fish and occur only in Cal ifornia is somewhat
plants of List 2 would have appeared Game Code, and are el igible for state different from our approach to protect­
on List 1 B. From the fed eral perspec­ listi ng. We strongly recom mend that ing plants that also occur elsewhere.
tive, plants com mon in other states or List 3 plants be evaluated for consider­ Developing effective conservation
cou ntries are not eligi ble for considera­ ation d u ri ng preparation of environ­ strategies requires that we d istinguish
tion under the provisions of the Endan­ mental documents relati ng to CEQA. among the separate factors that con­
gered Species Act. U nti l 1 979, a similar tri bute to our List assignments. These
pol icy was followed i n California. H ow­ • LIST 4: P LANTS OF L I M ITED are: rarity, wh ich addresses n u m bers of
ever, after the passage of the Native D I STRI B UT I O N -A WATCH LIST individuals and distri bution within Cali­
Plant Protection Act, plants were con­ Th e 554 plants i n this category are forn ia; endangerment, which addresses
sidered for protection with out regard of l i m ited d i stri b ution or i nfreq uent the plant's vulnerabil ity to exti nction
to their d i stri bution outside the state. throughout a broader area i n Cal ifor­ for any reason; and distribution, which
With List 2, we recognize the i m por­ n i a, and their vu l n erabil ity or suscepti­ describes the overall range of the plant.
tance of protecting the geographic b i l ity to threat appears relatively low at Together these three elements form the
range of widespread species. I n this this time. Wh i l e we can not call these R-E-D Code. Each element in the code
way we protect the d iversity of our own plants "rare" from a statewide per­ is divided into three classes or degrees
state's Aora and help mai ntain evolu­ spective, they are uncommon en ough of concern, represented by the number
tionary process and genetic d iversity that their status should be mon itored 1 , 2, or 3. In each case, higher numbers
with in species. Al l of the pl ants consti­ regu larly. Should the degree of endan­ indicate greater concern. The system is
tuti ng List 2 meet the d efi n itions of germent or rarity of a List 4 pl ant summarized as follows:
Sec. 1 90 1 , Chapter 1 0 ( Native Plant change, we wi l l transfer it to a more
Protection Act) or Secs. 2062 and appropriate l ist. • R- RA RITY
2067 ( California Endangered S pecies Very few of the plants constituti ng
1 . Rare, but fo und i n sufficient n u m ­
Act) of the Califo rnia Department of List 4 meet the defi n itions of Sec.
bers a n d distri buted widely en ough
Fish and Game Code, and are eligible 1 90 1 , Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protec­
that the potential for exti nction is
for state l isting. It is mandatory that tion Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Cal­
low at this ti m e
they be ful ly considered d u ring prepa­ ifornia Endangered Species Act) of the
ration of environmental d ocu ments Cal ifornia Department of Fish and 2 . Distri buted in a l i m ited n u m ber of
relating to CEQA. Game Code, and few, if any, are eligi­ occurrences, occasionally more if
ble for state l isting. Nevertheless, many each occu rrence is small
• LIST 3: P LANTS ABOUT W H I C H of them are significant local ly, and we
W E N E ED M O RE I N FO RMATI O N 3 . Distributed i n one to several highly
-
strongly recommend that List 4 plants
A REVI EW LIST restricted occurrences, or present in
be evaluated for consideration duri ng
such small n u m bers that it is seldom
The 52 pl ants that com prise List 3 preparation of enviro n mental docu­
reported
are u n ited by one common theme - ments rel ating to C EQA. Th is may be
we lack the necessary information to particularly appropriate for the type
56 RA R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS

• E- E N DA N G E R M ENT the literature, or field observations. In H abitat Types

no way does thi s i m ply that a plant does
1 . Not endangered For each taxon, we present one or
not occur in other counties in California
more habitats in wh ich a rare, threat­
2. Endangered in a portion of its range or in other states. Our understandi ng of
ened, or endangered plant is typically
plant distri bution constantly improves,
3. Endangered thro ughout its range found. Th is informati on is compiled
and new localities for rare plants are fre­
from field su rvey forms, u n p u b l ished
quently discovered, often i n unpredicted
• D - D I STRI B UTI O N reports, original descripti ons, floras,
circu mstances.
and herbari um material. Note that for
1 . More o r less widespread outsid e Cal­ We use the sym bols " * " and "?" as
habitats which typically occur within a
ifornia modifiers, which respectively express
broader matrix of another habitat, we
exti rpation and uncertainty. They are
2. Rare outside California usually l ist both. For exam ple, a rare
also are explained on the inside front
plant from Meadows and Seeps occur­
3 . Endemic to Cal ifornia cover for easy reference.
ring i n a matrix of U pper M ontane
For example, an R-E-D Code of 3-3-3 * exti rpated Co niferous Forest would typically have
in dicates that the plant i n guestion is ? uncertainty about d istri b ution its habitat presented as "M eadows and
l im ited to one population or several or identity Seeps, U pper Montane Coniferous For­
restricted ones, that it is endangered ?* uncertainty about distri bution, est." Descriptors ( e.g., "sandy or grav­
throughout its range, and that it is but extirpated if once present el ly") often modify habitat types, as
endemic to California. A sum mary of ( * ? ) occurrence confi rmed, but pos­ fo l l ows:
the R-E-D code system appears on the sibly extirpated
( descriptor) pertains only to the habi­
inside front cover for easy reference. tat type i m med iately pre­ \

J
Quad rangles ced ing
State and Federal Status / descriptor pertai ns to all habitat
To provide m ore detai led location
types preced i ng
For each taxon with official status information, we have also cited the U .S.
under the state and/or Federal endan­ Geological Survey ( USGS) 7.5 m i n ute We are indebted to Robert F. Hol land
gered species acts, the p lant's status is guadrangle ( guad) map for more than and john 0. Sawyer, Jr. for contributing
presented. Our defi n itions conform to 1 500 plants on CN PS Lists 1 , 2, and 3 . the followi ng brief characterizations,
those found in California state law and We employ a mod ified version of the which are presented in taxonomic rather
federal regulations, d escri bed else­ q uad numberi ng system previously than alphabetical order. Please refer to
where in this vol u me. used by the California Department of Hol land ( 1 986) for a more complete
Water Resources. Please see Appendix I discussion of the types and their clas­
to translate this system's guad n u m bers sification.
Distri bution
i nto USGS topographic map names or
vice versa. In those few cases where a • COASTAL D U N ES
The d istri bution of the taxon is
described by county or island with in q u ad is l isted without a letter following Herbs or shru bs on coastal sand
California, together with other states the n u m ber, this ind icates that our deposits fro m Del Norte to San Diego
and cou ntries where we know the plant occurrence data are too vague to pin­ counties. Cover usually low near the
to exist. We record only natural occur­ point its location on a 7.5 m i n ute beach, i ncreasing with distance from
rences of rare plants, or occurrences quad rangle. As with cou nties, this is salt spray and blowing san d .
that have been reestablished with in the positive siting information - when we
ind icate that a plant has been reported • D ES E RT D U N ES
species' historic range as part of an
approved recovery plan. For example, from an area on a topographic quad, it Sand acc um u lations east of the
although both Northern California is based on hard data. In no way does Pacific Crest from Modoc to I m perial
black walnut Uuglans hindsii) and Mon­ this i m p ly that a plant does not occur cou nties. Vegetation on desert d u nes
terey pine ( Pinus radiata) are widely on a topographic quad we have not varies co nsiderably. Active d u n es usu­
planted within the state, we track only l isted; rather, it may be there but ally su pport o n ly sparse herbs and
the few natural occurrences of these botan ists have yet to fi nd it. As with grasses, but partially stabi I ized or
taxa. When we indicate that a particular d istribution, q uads are also often mod­ sta b i l ized dunes often wi l l su pport
p lant occurs in a particu lar cou nty, we ified with the sym bols " * " and "?", shrubs, i ncluding mesg u ite and cre­
are making a positive statement that is which respectively express extirpation osote bush.
based upon specimens, photographs, and u ncertainty (see above).
 R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 57

• I N LA N D D U N ES tal l on warmer sites where soils are grasses. Presu med to have o n c e been
M ostly herbs, although shrubs may d eeper. Perenn ial grasses occ u py m uch widespread on the Modoc Plateau
be locally i m portant. Sand accumula­ of the space between shrubs. Fou n d on and northeastern California. Cu rrently
tions i n and aro u n d the Great Val ley. the Modoc Plateau, high Cascade re presented as scattered, mostly
Range, Warner Mou ntains, H igh Sierra small, islands i n areas where grazing
• COASTAL B L U F F S C RU B Nevada, and North Coast Ranges. pressu re has been l ow and fi re fre­
Dense shru bs, prostrate to 1 -2 q uencies h igher than su rro u n d i ng
• C H E N O P O D SCRU B scru bs. Both u pl an d and bottom-land
m eters tal l . Typically on fairly steep,
rocky sites exposed to consid erable Usually gray, i ntricately branched, forms occur.
win d and salt spray because of proxim­ m icrophyllous shrubs m ost com m on ly
on fin e-textured, al kaline and/or sal i ne • VA LLEY A N D FOOTH I LL
ity to the ocea n . Many p la nts succu­
soils i n areas of im peded d rainage. G RASS LA N D
lent, especially to the south. Found
from Del Norte to San Diego cou nties. Diversity usually low to m o n oton ous. I ntroduced, annual Mediterranean
Saltbushes and greasewood freq uently grasses and native herbs. On m ost sites
• C OASTAL S C R U B dominate. This vegetation occurs from the native b u n c h grass species, such as

Dense shrubs 0.5 t o 2 meters tal l Modoc Cou nty south to Mexico, needl e grass, have been largely or
with scattered grassy openi ngs. Many including parts of the Great Val l ey and entirely su pplanted by introd uctions.
plants d ormant, even d ecid u o us, d u r­ I n ner South Coast Ranges. Stands rich i n natives usually fou n d o n
ing periods of water stress. M ost sites u n usual su bstrates, su ch a s serpenti­
• C H A PARRA L nite or somewhat alkal in e soils.
have shal low rocky soils, freq uently
with a southern or western exposure. I m penetrably dense, evergreen,
leathery-leaved shrubs that are active • VE R N A L P O O LS
Many taxa adapted to fire by stu m p
sprouting or high seed prod uction. in winter, dormant in summer, and Seasonal am p h i bious enviro n me nts
adapted to freq uent fires either dominated by ann ual herbs and grass­
• S O N O RA N D ES E RT S C RU B through resprouti ng or seed carry-over. es adapted to germi nation and early
Widely scattered creosote b ushes There is a characteristic fl orula offi re­ growth u nder water. Spri ng d esiccation
with the considerable space between foll owing a n nuals and short-l ived triggers flowering and fruit set, result­
them someti mes occu pied by ephemer­ peren nials. Mature stands may exceed i ng in colorfu l concentric bands
al, colorfu l shows of ann uals fol lowi ng 3-4 meters in height. It occurs on arou n d the drying pools.
particularly wet winters. Succulents d iverse su bstrates, many of which sup­
port disti nctive su ites of edaph ic indi­ • M EA DOWS A N D S E E PS
and microphyllous trees conspicuous,
especially i n rocky environ m ents. The cators. Chaparral may be successional More or less dense grasses, sedges,
part of M u nz's ( 1 95 9 ) "Creosote bush to conifer forests or oak woodlands, as and herbs that th rive, at least seasonal­
scru b" found rough ly south of the San tree seedl i ngs can be found beneath ly, u nder moist or saturated condi­
Bernard i n o / Riverside county l ine. the shrub canopies. tions. They occur from sea level to
tree l i n e and on many d ifferent sub­
• M OJ AVEAN D ES E RT S C R U B • COASTA L P RA I RI E strates. They may be surrounded by
Wid ely scattered creosote bushes Dense, fairly tall ( < 1 meter) peren ni­ grasslands, forests, or shru blands.
with the considerable space between al sod- and tussock-form ing grasses
and grass-l i ke herbs. They occur i n two • P LAYAS
them sometimes occupied by ephemer­
al, colorfu l shows of annuals following distinct settings: sandy marine terraces Non-vascular pl ants and sparse, gray
particu larly wet winters. At elevations within the zone of coastal fog ( usually shrubs on poorly drained soils with
of 2,000 feet or h igher, succulents or <350 meters elevation, within a matrix usually h igh sal i nity and/or a lka linity,
m i crophyl lous trees lacking. This habi­ ofN orthern Coastal Scrub), or on fi ne­ due to evaporation of water from
tat type constitutes m ost of M u nz's textured soi ls of ridgetops beyon d cl osed basins. Fou n d from the Modoc
( 1 959) "Creosote bush scru b" found coastal fogs ( usually >750 meters, Plateau to Sonoran Desert and i n the
north of the San Bernard i n o / Riverside with i n a matrix of M ixed Evergreen or San Joaq u i n Val l ey.
county l i n e. North Coastal Conifer Forests). Inter­
mittent from the Santa Cruz area north • P E B B LE O R PAV E M E NT P LA I N
• G REAT BAS I N S C R U B to southern Oregon . H erb- and grass-do m i nated open­
S h ru bs, ranging i n height from very ings of l ow cover, d o m inated by several
• G REAT BAS I N G RASS LAN D cushion-forming plants endemic to
short, <20 centimeters, on very cold
sites or shal low soi l s to 1 o r 2 meters Pere n n ial sod-formin g and b u n c h dense, clay soils armored by a lag grav-
58 R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

el of quartzite pebbles. Many of the • C I S M O NTAN E WOO D LA N D m u c h wi nter s n ow. Th is typ e occ u rs i n
dominant taxa are themselves rare Trees decid uous, evergreen , o r both, the wetter parts of the North Coast
plants. Found o n ly in the San Bernar­ with open canopies. Broadleaved trees, Ranges.
d i n o M ountains. especially oaks, d o m inate, although
• C LO S E D - CO N E C O N I FEROUS
con ifers may be present in or emergent
• BOGS A N D F E N S FOREST
through the canopy. Understories may
Wetlands, typ ically occu pyi ng sites be open and herbaceous or c losed and Dense, even-aged stands domi nated
s u b-irrigated by cold, frequently acidic, shrubby. This type occurs on a variety by serotinous-coned conifers. Most
water. Plant growth d ense and low of sites below the conifer forests in stands are even-aged due to fi re estab­
growi ng, dominated by perenn ials Mediterranean California. lish ment. Usually associated with ster­
herbs or l ow shrubs. Saturated soils ile, rocky soils, strong and steady
freq uently allow su bstantial accu mu la­ • P I N YO N A N D J U N I PE R WOO D ­ winds, and i m pai red drainage. Many
tions of"peat. " From the Klamath LAN D open stands have U nderstories com­
Ranges to North Coast Ranges, along Open stands of roun d-topped posed of chaparral or coastal scru b
the North Coast and i n the northern con ifers to 5 meters. Understories fre­ species fro m surround ing areas. Fo u nd
Sierra N evada. q u ently com prised of shrubs and herbs i n most areas, except for the Great Val­
seen in adjacent stands lacki ng trees. ley or deserts.
• M A RS H ES A N D S WA M PS
They often form broad ecotones
Emergent, suffrutescent herbs adapt­ • LOWER M O NTA N E C O N I F E RO U S
between higher elevation forests and
ed to seasonally or permanently satu­ FOREST
lower elevation scru blands or grass­
rated soils. These include salt, brackish, lands. Open to dense stands of conifers
alkali, and fresh water marshes, as wel l found at l ower and m i ddl e elevations
as swamps, with their woody domi­ • J O S H UA TREE WOO D LA N D i n the m ountains. Broad leaved trees
nants and hydrophytic herbs. Found J oshua trees with open canopies are may be present in the u nderstory.
thro ughout California. usually the o n ly arborescent species Shrubstories may be dense assem­
present. Shru bstories typically are blages of chaparral species, especially
• RI PA R I A N FO REST i n seral stands. The upper l i mit of
d iverse m ixtures of m icrophyl lous, ever­
Broadleaved, winter deciduous trees, green shrubs, semi-deciduous shru bs, lower montane con iferous forests more
forming closed canopies, associated semi-succu lents, and succu l ents. or l ess coincides with the elevation of
with low- to m id-elevation perennial maxim u m ann ual precipitation.
and i ntermittent streams. Most stands • S O N O RA N T H O R N WOO D LA N D
even-aged, reflecting their fl ood­ • U P P E R M O NTAN E C O N I F E R O U S
Succulents, m icrophyl l ou s herbs
mediated, episodic reprod uctio n . FO REST
and shrubs, especially of rocky envi­
These habitats c a n b e fo u n d i n every ron ments. Tree- l i ke plants the visual Open to dense conifer forests, found
county and cli mate in Cal iforn ia. d o m i nant. at high elevations i n the mountains.
Trees tend to be somewhat shorter
• RI PA R I A N WOO D LA N D • B ROAD LEAV E D U P LAN D FO REST than at lower elevations. Shrubstories
Broadleaved, wi nter deciduous trees Stands of evergreen or deciduous, tend to be open, drawn from adjacent
with open canopies associated with broadleaved trees 5 meters or m ore tall , montane chaparral species, or lacking.
l ow- to m id -elevation streams. M ost forming closed canopies. Many, but not Above the elevation of maxim u m pre­
stands even-aged, reflecting their all, with very poorly developed under­ c i pitation, with growing seasons cur­
flood-controlled, episodic reprod uc­ stories. Several are seral to montane tailed by wi nter snow acc u m ulations.
tion. Th is type tends to occu py more conifer forests. It includes the "m ixed
i nterm ittent streams, often with cobbly • S U BA L P I N E C O N I FERO U S FOREST
evergreen forest" of the Coast Ranges.
or bouldery bedloads. Conifer forests and associated cl ear­
• N O RTH C OAST C O N I F E RO U S i ngs of highest elevations of tree estab­
• RI PA R I A N S C R U B FO REST lish ment. Th is type occurs in areas
Streamside thickets dominated by Need l e-leaved evergreen trees in usu­ where su bstantial snowpack accumu la­
one or more wi l l ows, as wel l as by ally q u ite dense stands that may attai n tion and cold tem peratures l imit the
other fast-growi ng shrubs and vines. i m pressive heights. Usually on wel l ­ growing season to three months or less.
Most plants recolonize fol lowing flood d rained, mo ist sites with i n t h e reach
disturbance. of su m m er fogs, but not experiencing
 R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 59

• A LP I N E B O U L D E R A N D ROCK gi ns). Rhizomatous herbs have under­ and m inerals from them, but also
FIELD ground stems ( rh izomes), typi cally mai ntain their own fu nctional root sys­
Fel l-fields, talus slopes, a n d meadows bearing shoots which develop into new tems or photosynthetic surfaces.
found above forest line. Favorable sites plants. Stoloniferous herbs have Parasitic plants are connected to host
may develop continuous turf, but in above-ground runners ( stolons) which plants and rely solely on them for energy,
most areas plants are tucked between typically root and produce new p lants. water, and nutritional requirements.
large nurse rocks that provide protec­ Shrubs are smal ler woody perenn ials Carnivorous p lants trap i nsects and
tion from harsh winter conditions. that retai n m ost of their above-ground oth er small animals and d erive nour­
woody tissue and are typically many­ ishment from them .
• A LPI N E DWA R F S C RU B stem m ed . Leaf succulents have thick, A s i n m ost classifications, some of
Com pact, woody su bshrubs above fleshy leaves. Stem succulents have the above d istinctions are somewhat
forest line, adapted to short growing thick, fleshy stems and red uced or arbitrary, particu larly the d ivisions
seasons resu lting from snow accumu la­ absent leaves. between growth forms. Furthermore,
tion or harsh winter winds. Trees are larger woody perennials plant growth form can vary depending
that retain all of their above-gro u n d on geography and l ocal envi ro n m e ntal
Elevation wood tissue and are typical ly single­ con d itions. Pere n n ials that are often
stemmed. referred to as either suffrutescent herbs
We present an elevational range for Vines are twin ing woody peren nials or su bsh ru bs present special difficul­
each taxon i n meters. The stated range requi ring external support for growth. ties. General ly, if these p lants d ie back
is for the Californ ia portion of a plant's Mosses are small green plants (one seasonally to the ground or to a small
range o n ly ( i f the taxon also occurs of three groups of bryophytes) with crown of woody tissue we cl assified
outside the state) . These elevational structures that resemble m i n iature them as herbs, and if they retai n m uch
range data have been accumulated leaves and stem s. The leaves generally or all of their woody above-ground tis­
from l iterature, herbari u m speci mens, have a m i d ri b called a costa. The sue we called them shrubs.
and field survey i nformation . sporophyte (the spore-beari ng struc­
ture) is persistent for weeks. Bloom ing Period
Life Form Liverworts are small green plants
(one of three groups ofbryop hytes). We show the mo nths when each rare
We provid e a brief d escri ption of There are both leafy and thalloid types plant is typically in bloom. For ferns
plant d u ration and l ife form. The - leafy l iverworts lack a m id ri b on the and other spore-bearing plants, we
i nformation was primarily d eveloped leaves, wh i l e thalloid l iverworts have no have given the m onths when spores are
from p u b l ished and u n p u b l ished l iter­ leaves. The sporophyte is sh ort-l ived. released and spore-bearing structures
ature and from herbari u m m aterial. such as sori are typ ically present on the
• LEAF C O N D ITI O N ( FO R S H RU BS ,
Our simpl ified classification system is plant. We have not i ncl uded any com­
TREES, V I N ES O N LY )
as fol l ows: parable i nformation for gym nosperms
Deciduous plants shed their leaves and nonvascular taxa.
• D U RATI O N for part of the year.
Annuals grow from seed and repro­ Evergreen plants retain their leaves Notes
d uce with in a single year. for an entire year.
Perennials l ive more than one year. Many entries include additional
• S P E C I A L H A B I TAT notes on distribution, endangerment,
Annual/Perennials are variable
depen d i ng on environment and condi­ Aquatic plants are submerged or relationshi p to names in TheJepson Man­
tions. fl oating on the water surface. ual, or important literature citations.
Emergent plants are rooted in water We have again included information
• G ROWTH FORM but bear some fol i age out of the water. about legal status and endangerment in
Herbs are herbaceous and lack neighboring states i n the notes; official
• M O D E O F N UTRITI O N state designations are specifi cally indi­
above-ground woody tissue. Bulbifer­
ous herbs have fleshy underground Achlorophyllous plants lack chloro­ cated as such and capital ized, as in
storage organs typically d erived from phyl l and l ive on existing organi c mat­ "State-listed as Endangered i n OR" . We
scale leaves (this category includ es ter in the soi l . have made a special effort to i nd icate
cormiferous and other sim i lar plants i n Hemiparasitic plants are con nected m issing information about d istri bution,
which storage organs have other ori- to host plants and derive energy, water, endangerment, or taxonomy for each
60 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

California Department of Fish and M u nz, P.A . 1 974. A Flora ofSouthern Califor­
entry, i n the hope that knowledgeable
Game. Sacramento, CA. 1 56 pp. nia. U n iversity of Cal ifornia Press. Berke­
users wil l fill i n the gaps. Abbreviations
ley, CA. 1 086 pp.
that are com m o n ly used in the notes Kartesz, J .T., and J .W. Thieret. 1 99 1 . Com­
are explained on the inside front cover. mon names for vascular plants: G uide­ Shevock, James R. 1 993. H ow plants get
l i nes for use and appl icati o n . Sida 1 4(3): their names and why names change. Fre­
• LITERAT U R E C ITED 42 1 -434. montia 2 1 ( 1 ) : 1 9-24.
M u nz, P.A. 1 959. A California Flora. In col­ Ski n ner, M ark W. and Barbara Ertter.
Abrams, L.R. 1 923-1 960. An Illustrated Flora
laboration with D. D. Keck. U n iversity of 1 993. Whither rare plants i n TheJepson
ofthe Pacific States, Washington, Oregon and
Californ ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 68 1 pp. Manual? Fremontia 2 1 (3 ) : 23-27.
California. Vol . 4 by R. Ferris. Stanford
U n iversity Press. Stanford, CA. 4 vols. M u nz, P.A. 1 968. Supplement to a California
Flora. Un iversity of Cali forn ia Press.
H ickman, J . C . , ed . 1 993. Thejepson Manual:
Berkeley, CA. 224 pp.
Higher Plants ofCalifornia. U n iversity of
Californ ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 400 pp.
Holland, R.F. 1 986. Preliminary Descriptions
ofthe Terrestrial Natural Communities of
California. Nongame-Heritage Program,

Ceanothus ophiochilus
I nve ntory of Rare a n d E n d a ngered P l a n ts of Ca l i fo rn i a
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 63

Abies amabilis ( Dougl . ) Forbes Known from only two extant occurrences Most occu rrences have few plants.
at Ramshaw Meadows and Templeton Threatened by vehicles, non-native
" Pacific si lver fir" Pinaceae Meadows. Threatened by tram pling from plants, and foot traffic. State-listed as
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 cattle and trail construction. See Botanical Endangered in Oregon .
Siskiyou; Oregon , Washington, a n d else­ Gazette 27:444-457 ( 1 899) for original
where description, and Aliso 7(2):201 -205
( 1 970) for discussion ofrediscovery.
Abronia villosa Wats. var. aurita
702B, 7 1 9 D, 736A (Abrams) Jeps.
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 700-2 1 95 meters. Abronia maritima Wats. "chaparral sand-verbena" Nyctagi naceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Tree (evergreen). "red sand-verbena" Nyctaginaceae
Orange*, Riverside, San Diego
Known i n California only from isolated List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
groves. See Fremontia 1 6(3 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 988) 20C* , 33A, 49B, 50A, 50B, 64B, 66B,
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
for information on 736A occurrence. 66C, 67A, 67B, 68A, 68C, 69B, 71 B*,
Santa Barbara, San Clemente Island,
82C, 83A, 83B, 83D, 84C, 86C, 87A,
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
87D, 88C*, 88D*
Abies bracteata ( D. Don ) Poit. San Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Miguel
Island, San Nicolas Island, Ventura; Baja Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy;
"bristlecone fir" Pinaceae Californi a elevation 80- 1 600 meters.
List 1 8 I RED 3-1-3 Coastal d unes; elevation 0- 1 00 meters. Annual herb, blooms January-August.
Monterey, San Luis Obispo Threatened by flood control activities
Perenn ial herb, blooms February­
270B, 2 7 1 A, 271 B, 295C, 296A, 296B, November. and development. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
296D, 3 1 9C, 320A, 320B, 320D, 342C, Botanical Club 32(1 0):537 ( 1 905) for origi­
Nearly extirpated in southern California;
3430, 344D nal descri ption, Flora ofCalifornia 1 :455
more common to north? Field surveys
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral, ( 1 9 1 4) by W.L. Jepson for revised nomen­
needed. Hybrid izes with A. latifolia and A.
lower montane coniferous forest / rocky; clature, and Brittonia 27(4):340 ( 1 995)
umbellata. See Botany ofCalifornia 2:4
elevation 2 1 0-1 600 meters. for taxonomic treatment.
( 1 880) for original descri ption.
Tree (evergreen ) .
Known only from the Santa Lucia Mtns. Abronia nana Wats. ssp. covillei Abutilon parvulum Gray
( H ei m erl ) M u nz "dwarf I n d ian-mal low" M alvaceae
Abies lasiocarpa ( H ook. ) N utt. var. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
"Covi l le's dwarf abronia" Nyctaginaceae
lasiocarpa San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
"subalpine fir" Pi naceae I nyo, Mono, San Bernard ino; Nevada elsewhere
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ 1 76A
Siskiyou; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Ore­ land", pi nyon and jun iper woodland,
subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Chenopod scrub ( rocky); elevation
gon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
{ 684A, 701 C, 701 D, 702A, 702B, 71 9C,
tane con iferous forest / carbonate,
sandy; elevation 1 600-3 1 00 meters.
900-1 300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.

l
7 1 90
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Known in Cal iforn ia from only two occur­
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
Threatened by carbonate mining and vehi­ rences in the Providence Mtns.
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 945-2225 meters. cles in the San Bernardino Mtns., and by
Tree (evergreen). grazing in the White and Inyo mountains. Acacia minuta ssp. minuta
See Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Considered but rejected: not in Cal ifor­
See Madroiio 20(8):41 3-41 5 ( 1 970) for 52: 1 97 ( 1 908) for original description,
distributional i nformation. nia; name misapplied to A. farnesiana var.
and Manual ofSouthern California Botany, pp. farnesiana, a non-native plant
1 50, 598 ( 1 935) by P. Munz for taxonom­
Abronia alpina Bdg. ic treatment.
Acacia smallii
" Ramshaw Meadows abronia" Considered but rejected: not native; m is­
Nyctagi naceae Abronia umbellata Lam . ssp. applied to A. farnesiana var. farnesiana
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 breviflora (Sta n d ! . ) M u nz
Federal Candidate " p i n k sand-verbena" Nyctagi naceae Acalypha californica
Tulare List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
Considered but rejected : too com mon
306B*, 329C, 3300 Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino,
Mari n , Sonoma*; Oregon
Meadows and seeps (granitic, gravelly
margi ns); elevation 2400-2700 meters. 485C, 503 D*, 537B, 569A, 569D, 585A,
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August. 585D, 654B, 655A, 672A, 672B, 672C,
689D, 706A, 706D, 723B, 723D, 740C
Coastal d unes; elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
64 C N P S I N V E NTORY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Acanthomintha duttonii (Abrams) Acanthomintha obovata j eps. ssp.

J o ke rst cordata J okerst
"San Mateo thorn-mint" Lamiaceae "heart-leaved thorn-mint" Lamiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
State Endangered/Federal Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
Endangered San Luis Obispo, Ventura
San Mateo Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
428B*, 429A, 448D* land, pi nyon and juniper woodland, val­
ley and footh i l l grassland / clay; elevation
Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland / 785-1 540 meters.
serpentinite; elevation 50-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Possibly threatened by vehicles and graz­
Known from only two extant natural i ng. See Madrano 38( 4 ):278-286 ( 1 991 )
occurrences and one introduced popula­ for original description.
tion ; three historical occurrences have
been extirpated. Seriously threatened by
Acanthornintha development, vehicles, and vandalism. Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
duttonii USFWS uses the name Acanthornintha obo­ duttonii
vata ssp. duttonii. See Illustrated Flora ofthe See Acanthomintha duttonii
Pacific States 3:635 ( 1 95 1 ) by L. Abrams
for original description, and Madrano
38( 4 ) : 2 78-286 ( 1 991 ) for revised Acanthomintha obovata jeps. ssp.
nomenclature. obovata
"San Ben ito thorn- m i nt" Lamiaceae
Acanthomintha ilicifolia ( G ray) List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
G ray Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
"San Diego thorn-mint" Lam i aceae Obispo
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / heavy clay, alka­
State Endangered/Federal
line, serpentinite; elevation 395-1 500
Threatened
meters.
San Diego; Baja California
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
l OA, l O B, l OC, l l A* , l l B* , 20C, 2 1 B,
2 1 C* , 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C*, 2 2 D, 34C, Threatened by grazing.
35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and Achillea millefolium var. gigantea
foothill grassland, vernal pools / clay; Considered but rejected : a synonym o f A.
elevation 1 0-935 meters. millefoliurn; a common taxon
Ann ual herb, blooms April-June.
Approximately 40% of the h istorical Achnatherum aridum U o nes)
occu rrences in California have been extir­ Barkworth
pated; threatened by urban ization, road
construction, vehicles, grazing, tram­ " Mormon needle grass" Poaceae
pling, erosion, and non-native plants. List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Several occu rrences i ntroduced (22B, I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona,
34C, 35B, 36D), but few have survived. Nevada, and elsewhere
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of 200A, 248B, 248C, 249A, 249C, 249D,
Arts and Sciences 8:368 ( 1 872) for original 2SOB, 274C, 323B, 369C, 390C, 390D,
description. 43 1 A
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
Acanthomintha lanceolata C u rran j u n iper woodland / carbonate; elevation
1 200-1 550 meters.
"Santa Clara thorn-mint" Lam iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Peren nial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Alameda, Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San See Phytologia 74( 1 ) : 1 -25 ( 1 993) for
Benito, Santa Clara, Stan islaus revised nomenclature.
Chaparral (often serpenti nite ), cismon­
tane woodland, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 80-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Possi bly th reatened by grazing.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 65

Achnatherum d iegoense (Swallen) 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22D, A synonym of A. utahensis in TheJepson
Barkworth 3SB, 3SC, 3SD, 36A, 36D Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and Garden 1 6:390 ( 1 929) for original
"San Diego Cou nty n eedle grass" Poaceae foothill grassland / clay; elevation description.
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1 45-300 meters.
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Shrub (decid uous), blooms Ageratina herbacea (Gray) R. M .
Diego, San Miguel Island, San Nicolas December-May. King & H . Robinson
Island, Santa Rosa Island; Baja California
Threatened by u rbanization, road con­ "desert agerati na" Asteraceae
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky, often struction, non-native plants, and grazing.
mesic; elevation 1 0-700 meters. List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne. I nyo?, San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cal­
Agastache parvifolia i fornia, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico),
See Madrano 33( 4):309-3 1 0 ( 1 986) for Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
Considered but rejected: too common
d i stri butional i n formation, and Phytolo­
gia 7 4( 1 ) : 1 -2 S ( 1 9 9 3 ) for revised 1 76A, 200A, 200B, 2 25D, 249D
nomenclature. Agave shawii ( Enge l m . ) Gentry Pi nyon and juniper wood land (rocky);
elevation 1 S2S-2200 meters.
"Shaw's agave" Liliaceae
Achnatherum lemmonii (Vasey) List 2 I RED 3-3-1 Perennial herb, blooms July-October.
Barkworth var. pubescens San Diego; Baja California Does plant occur in I nyo County? See
(Cram pto n ) Barkworth Phytologia 1 9( 4 ):222 ( 1 970) for revised
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B
nomenclatu re.
"pu bescent need le grass" Poaceae Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
List 3 / RED 3-2-3 elevation 1 0-7S meters.
Ageratina shastensis ( D.W. Taylor
Lake, Tehama Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms
& Steb.) R. M . King & H. Robi nson
S6SD, S96A, S96B September-May.
Known in California from fewer than five "Shasta ageratina" Asteraceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest I serpentinite; elevation native occurrences. I ntroduced at several List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
1 030-1 3 1 S meters. locations, i nclud ing Cabrillo NM. Shasta
Perennial herb, blooms May-July. Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
Move to List 1 B? Taxonomic questions Agave utahensis forest / rocky, carbonate; elevation
See Agave utahensis var. nevadensis 400-1 800 meters.
remain, since plant co-occurs with nom­
i nate variety. A synonym of A. lemmonii Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
i n TheJepson Manual, but author now Agave utahensis ( Engle m . ) Gentry Threatened by mining. See Madrano
believes it is distinct. Threatened by 2S( 4 ):2 1 8-220 ( 1 978) for original
grazing. See Leaflets of Western Botany
var. eborispina ( H ester) Breitu ng
description.
7(9):220 ( 1 9 S S ) for origi nal descrip­ " ivory-spined agave" Li liaceae
tion , Madrano 31 ( 1 ) :48-S6 ( 1 984) for List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
alternate taxonomic treatment, and Phy­ Agoseris elata
I nyo; Nevada
tologia 74( 1 ): 1 -2 5 ( 1 993) for revised Considered but rejected : too common
nomenclature. 27SA, 27SD
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate, rocky Agropyron scribneri
slopes); elevation 94S-1 3 70 meters.
Achnatherum stillmanii See E/ymus scribneri
Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms
Considered but rejected: too common
May-June.
Known in Cal ifornia only from the Nopah
Agrostis aristiglumis
Acleisanthes longiflora Gray Range. See A. utahensis i n TheJepson Man­ Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
"angel tru m pets" Nyctaginaceae ual. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Cactus microphylla; a common taxon
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 andSucculentjournal 1 4 : 1 3 1 ( 1 943) for
original description and 32:20 ( 1 960) for Agrostis blasdalei H itchc.
Riverside; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas,
revised nomenclature.
and elsewhere " Blasdale's b e n t grass" Poaceae
SSA List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Sonoran desert scrub (carbonate);
Agave utahensis ( Enge l m . ) Gentry Mendocino, Mari n, Santa Cruz, Sonoma
elevation 90-9S meters. var. nevadensis Enge l m .
409D, 48SB, 485C, S02C, S03A, S03D,
Perennial herb, blooms May. " Clark Mou ntain agave" Li liaceae S20B, S20D, S37B, SS2B, S69A, S69D
Known in Cal ifornia only from one occur­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
rence in the Maria Mtns. I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada coastal prarie; elevation S-1 SO meters.
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
Adolphia californica Wats. desert scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­ May-J u ly.
land / carbonate or volcanic; elevation Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
"California adolphia" Rhamnaceae 900-1 58S meters. rences. Historical occu rrences need field
List 2 / RED 1 -3-1 Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms May-July. su rveys. Threatened by agriculture and
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia recreatio n . I ncludes A. blasdalei var. mari­
nensis, which is state-listed Rare.
66 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Agrostis blasdalei var. blasdalei Agrostis humilis Vasey Allium atrorubens Wats. var.
See Agrostis blasdalei " m o u ntain bent grass" Poaceae cristatum (Wats. ) D. McNeal
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 " I n yo onion" Li liaceae
Agrostis blasdalei var. marinensis Alpine, Mariposa, Tuolumne; Nevada, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
See Agrostis blasdalei Oregon , Washington, and elsewhere I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
454A, 454C, 489C, 506D Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
Agrostis clivicola var. clivicola Alpine bou lder and rock field , meadows jun iper woodland / sandy or rocky;
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA. and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest; elevation 1 200-2440 meters.
densiflora; a common taxon elevation 2 700-3200 meters. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September. April-May.
Agrostis clivicola var. punta­ To be expected elsewhere in California; See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
reyesens1s need i nformation. On review list in Ore­ Arts and Sciences 1 4:232 ( 1 879) for origi­
gon. l ntergrades with A. thurberiana. See nal description.
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
Madrano 25( 4 ) : 232 ( 1 978) for first Cal i­
densiflora; a common taxon fornia record . Allium cratericola
Agrostis hendersonii H itchc. Considered but rejected : too common
Agrostis microphylla var.
" H enderson's bent grass" Poaceae hendersonii Allium davisiae
List 3 / RED 3-2-2 See Agrostis hendersonii Considered but rejected : too common; a
Butte?, Calaveras, Merced , Shasta,
synonym of A. lacunosum var. davisiae
Tehama; Oregon *
Alisma gramineum Lej .
42 1 A, 42 1 B, 459A, 477B*, 575A?, 594B,
628C, 628D, 646A, 647D "narrow-leaved water-plantain" Allium fimbriatum var. m unzii
Alismataceae See Allium munzii
Valley and footh ill grassland ( mesic), ver­
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
nal pools; elevation 70-305 meters.
Lassen , Mendoci no, Modoc, Siskiyou; Allium fimbriatum Wats. var.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Move to List 1 B? Field surveys needed. purdyi ( Eastw. ) Own bey & Aase
Oregon, Utah , Washington, and else­
Identity of Butte County plants remains where " Pu rdy's onion" Li l iaceae
questionable. One occurrence extirpated List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
567A, 640C, 657D, 674B, 675A, 675D,
by construction of Comanche Reservoir;
692A, 709D, 71 5B, 726A Colusa, Lake, Napa, Yolo*
also th reatened by development. Candi­
date for state l isting i n Oregon , but pre­ Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
sumed extinct there. Very similar to A. freshwater); elevation 390-1 800 meters. penti n ite, clay; elevation 300-600
microphylla; study needed . Chromosome Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, aquatic), meters.
distinction exists between these two taxa blooms J u ne-August. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
exists; see Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Apri l-J u ne.
Club 72:541 -549 ( 1 945) and Southwestern See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 1 1 0 ( 1 938)
Naturalist 1 0: 2 1 1 -2 1 3 ( 1 965) for infor­ Allium anserinum
Considered but rejected : known only from for original description, and Aliso 1 3 :423
mation. See journal ofthe Washington Acad­ ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
emy ofSciences 20( 1 5 ):381 ( 1 930) for the type; see A. parishii, of wh ich it is prob­
original description, Madrano 3(6):230 ably a synonym
( 1 936) for first CA record, and Leaflets of Allium fimbriatum var.
Western Botany ( 1 2 ) :258 ( 1 943 ) for sec­ Allium atrorubens Wats. var. sharsmithiae
ond CA record . See Allium sharsmithae
atrorubens
"Great Basin onion" Li liaceae
Agrostis hooveri Swall . Allium hickmanii Eastw.
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
" Hoover's bent grass" Poaceae Lassen , Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, " H ickman's onion" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 and elsewhere List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo 470A, 470B, 602D, 620B, 620C, 620D Monterey, San Luis Obispo
1 70B, 1 71 A, 1 95C, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 22 1 D, Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper 271 B, 272A, 295B, 296B, 365B, 366A,
222A, 245C, 2460 woodland / rocky or sandy; elevation 366C, 366D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley 1 200-2 1 00 meters. Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
and foothi l l grassland / usually sandy; Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms (mariti me), coastal prarie, coastal scrub,
elevation 60-600 meters. May-June. valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Known i n California from fewer than ten 20-1 85 meters.
April-J uly. occurrences. See Botany ofthe King Explo­ Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Threatened by development. ration, p. 352 ( 1 871 ) for original descrip­ Apri l-May.
tion, and Madrano 39(2):83-89 ( 1 992 )
for distribution in Californ ia.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D PLA N T S 67

Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Known from only two occurrences i n the Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
rences. Threatened by u rban ization, Yucaipa and Beaumont area of the desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
grazing, road construction, and m i litary southern San Bernard ino Mtns. Threat­ land / rocky; elevation 900-1 465 meters.
activities. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­ ened by u rbanization. Not in TheJepson Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
cal Club 30:483-502 ( 1 903) for original Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Califor­ April-May.
description. nia Academy ofSciences 20:49 ( 1 92 1 ) for
original description.
Allium peninsulare Lem m o n var.
Allium hoffmanii Trau b
franciscanu m D. M c N eal & Ownbey
Allium membranaceu m
" Beegu m onion" Liliaceae
Considered b u t rejected: too common "Franciscan o nion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Humboldt, Shasta, Tehama, Tri nity
Allium monticola Santa Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
Considered but rejected: too common 403D, 428B, 429A, 448C, 448D, 484B,
penti nite); elevation 1 1 00-1 800 meters.
501A
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Cismontane woodland, valley and
J u ne-J uly. Allium monticola var. keckii
footh ill grassland / clay, often serpenti­
See Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for original Considered but rejected: a synonym of A. n ite; elevation 1 00-300 meters.
description . monticola; a common taxon
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Allium howellii Eastw. var. clokeyi Alli um munzii ( Tra u b ) D. M cNeal See Phytologia 73( 4):3 1 0 ( 1 992) for origi­
Trau b " M u nz's onion" Li liaceae nal description.
" Mt. Pi nos onion" Liliaceae List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 State Threatened/Federal Allium sanbornii A . W. Woo d var.
Los Angeles?*, Santa Barbara, Ventura Endangered congdonii J eps.
1 63B*?, 1 63C*?, 1 65A, 1 65B, 1 90C, Riverside
"Congdon's onion" Li l iaceae
1 90D, 1 9 1 C, 1 9 1 D, 1 93 D 68A, 68B, 68D, 69A, 69B, 69D, 86C, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon a n d j u n i per 86D, 87D
El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer,
woodland; elevation 1 300-1 850 meters. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal Tuolumne
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms scrub, pinyon and juniper woodland, val­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
April-J une. ley and foothill grassland / mesic, clay;
pentinite or volcanic; elevation 300-700
elevation 300-1 070 meters.
Did plant occur i n Los Angeles County? meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
March-May.
Allium jepsonii (Tra u b ) Den ison & April-J u ly.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
D. M cNeal See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (6):275 ( 1 922) by
rences. Th reatened by development, clay
W.L. Jepson for origi nal description, and
"Jepson's onion" Lil iaceae mini ng, agricu lture, grazi ng, vehicles, and
non-native plants. Cleveland NF has
Madrano 36(2): 1 22- 1 3 0 ( 1 989) for taxo­
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 nomic treatment.
adopted species management guideli nes.
Butte, Tuolumne
457B, 458B, 575B, 59 1 C, 592D Allium sanbornii A.W. Woo d var.
Allium nevadense Wats.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane sanbornii
coniferous forest / serpentinite or vol­ " N evada onion" Lil i aceae
canic; elevation 300-1 1 60 meters. List 2 / RED 3-1-1 "Sanborn's o n ion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­
May-August. gon, and elsewhere Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Nevada,
Placer, Shasta, Tehama, Yuba; Oregon
Known from only two extended occur­ 1 76A, 224C
rences. See Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (sandy or montane coniferous forest / usually ser­
original description, and Madrano gravelly); elevation 1 300-1 700 meters.
36(2 ) : 1 22-1 30 ( 1 989) for revised pentinite, gravelly; elevation 260-1 4 1 0
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms meters.
nomenclature.
April-May. Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Known i n California from fewer than five May-September.
Allium marvinii A. David s . occurrences. See Botany ofthe King Explo­ Known from smal l, widely scattered pop­
"Yucaipa onion" Liliaceae ration p. 351 ( 1 87 1 ) for original descrip­ ulations. On review l ist in Oregon. See
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 tion, and Madrano 39(2 ):83-89 ( 1 992 ) Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sciences
for distribution in Californ ia. of Philadelphia 20: 1 71 ( 1 868) for original
Riverside, San Bernard i no
84B, 1 05C descri ption, and Madrano 36(2 ): 1 22-1 30
Allium parishii Wats. ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chaparral (c l ay, openings); e l evation
760-1 065 meters. "Parish's onion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Allium sanbornii var. tuolum nense
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May. I mperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no; See Allium tuolumnense
Arizona
68 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Allium sharsmithae (Trau b ) D. Allium tuolumnense (Trau b ) Aloysia wrightii Abrams

McNeal Denison & D . McNeal "oreganillo" Verbenaceae
"Sharsm ith's onion" Li l iaceae " Rawh ide H i l l o n io n " Li liaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 List 18 / RED 2-2-3 San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
Alameda, Santa Clara, Stan islaus Tuolumne Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico),
Texas, Utah
42SA, 425B, 445D 458B, 458C, 458D
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­ Cismontane woodland (serpentinite);
juniper woodland / rocky, often carbon­
pentinite, rocky; elevation 400-1 200 elevation 300-600 meters.
ate; elevation 900-1 600 meters.
meters. Perennial h erb (bulbiferous), blooms
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms March-May.
Apri I-October.
March-May. Known from approximately twenty occur­
See Muhlenbergia 1 (9): 1 47 ( 1 906) for
Known only from the Mt. Hami lton rences. Threatened by grazing, urbaniza­
original description.
Range. tion, road maintenance, and vehicles. See
Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 36(2): 1 22-1 30 ( 1 989) Amaranthus watsonii Stanci l .
Allium shevockii D. McNeal
for revised nomenclature.
"Watson's amaranth" Amaranthaceae
"Spanish Needle onion" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3 Allium yosemitense Eastw. Imperial, San Bernard i no; Baja Califor­
Kern
"Yosem ite onion" Li liaceae n ia, Sonora (Mexico)
2 1 2A, 282C, 283D
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper scru b; elevation 20-1 700 meters.
State Rare
montane con iferous forest / rocky;
Mariposa, Tuolumne Annual herb, blooms April-September.
elevation 1 465-2500 meters.
43 7B, 437C, 438A, 438D, 456C See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
41 :505 ( 1 9 1 4) for original description.
J u ne. Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
Known from only three occurrences cismontane wood land, lower montane
at Spanish Need le and Sand Cyn. See coniferous forest I rocky, metamorphic Ambrosia ambrosioides
Madrano 34( 2 ) : 1 50-1 54 ( 1 987) for origi­ or granitic; elevation 535-2200 meters. Considered but rejected: not in Cal iforn ia
nal description. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J uly. Ambrosia chenopodiifolia ( Be nth . )
Allium siskiyouense Trau b Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Payne
rences. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 32-
"Siskiyou onion" Li l i aceae 1 33 ( 1 934) for original description, Fre­ "San Diego bur-sage" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 montia 8(1 ) : 1 5-1 8 ( 1 980) for information List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity; on rediscovery, and Aliso 1 1 ( 1 ):27-35 San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
Oregon ( 1 985) for taxonomic treatment. 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 0
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper Coastal scrub; elevation 55-1 55 meters.
montane coniferous forest / rocky, some­ Alopecurus aequalis Sobo l . var.
times serpentin ite; elevation 900-2500 Shrub, blooms April-J une.
sonomensis Ru btzoff
meters. Known in Califo rnia from approxi­
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms "Sonoma alopecurus" Poaceae mately ten occurrences. Threatened by
May-J uly. List 18 / RED 3-3-3 development.
Federal Endangered
Allium tribracteatum Torr. Mari n, Sonoma Ambrosia eriocentra
467B, 485C, 5 0 1 A, 502A, 502B, 502D, Considered but rejected : too common
"th ree-bracted o n ion" Liliaceae
503A
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripar­ Am brosia pum ila ( N utt.) Gray
Calaveras, Tuolumne
ian scrub; elevation 5-2 1 0 meters.
472C, 473 B, 473D, 474A, 474B, 474C, "San Diego am brosia" Asteraceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
474D, 475A, 475D, 49 1 A, 49 1 D
Known from fewer than five native occur­ Federal-proposed, Endangered
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
rences, totall ing 200 individual plants as
forest, upper montane coniferous forest / Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
of 1 993. Two occurrences i ntroduced in
volcanic; elevation 1 220-3000 meters. 9B, 1 0B, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 2 1 C, 22B, 22C, 22D,
1 987 ( 485C, 485D), but both appear to
Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms have fai led as of 1 993. Historical locali­ 35D, 36A, 50C, 68C, 68D, 69A, 86B*
April-August. ties need field surveys. Threatened by cat­ Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Threatened by vehicles. See Report ofthe tle trampling, wetland habitat loss, and foothill grassland, vernal pools / often in
Pacific Railroad Expedition 4: 1 48 ( 1 857) for non-native plants. See A. aequalis i n The disturbed areas; elevation 20-41 5 meters.
original description, and Aliso 1 1 ( 1 ) :27-35 Jepson Manual.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
( 1 985) for revised treatment. May-September.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 69

Many occu rrences extirpated in San 62A, 62B

Diego County. Threatened by develop­ Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 400-400
ment. Confused with A. confertiflora, but meters.
the two are q uite distinct. See Madroiio
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
39(2 ) : 1 S7 ( 1 992) for first Riverside
County record . Known i n Cal iforn ia only from Hayfields
Dry Lake. Field surveys needed .
Ammobroma sonorae
See Pholisma sonorae Amorpha californica N utt. var.
napensis Jeps.
Ammoselinum giganteum Cou lt. & " Napa false i n digo" Fabaceae
Rose List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Marin, Napa, Sonoma
"desert sand-parsley" Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 343D, 467A, 467B, 484A, 484C, 500B,
500C, 501 A, 501 B, 503A, 503D, 5 1 6C,
Riverside; Arizona, and elsewhere 5 1 7B, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 8C, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9D
Broadleaved upland forest (openings),
chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 1 50-2000 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-J u ly.
See Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifor­
nia, p. 556 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for orig­
i nal descri ption, and Rhodora 77:348-350
( 1 975) for taxonomic treatment.

Amphipappus fremontii var.

fremontii
Considered but rejected : too common

Amsinckia furcata
See Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata

Amsinckia grandiflora (Gray)

Greene
Amsinckia grandiflora
"large-flowered fidd leneck" Boraginaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaq uin
444B, 444C, 445A, 464A, 464D
Cismontane wood land, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 275-305
meters.
Annual h erb, blooms April-May.
Known from only three natural occur­
rences. Reduced by agricu lture, develop­
ment, and grazi ng; currently th reatened
by non-native plants and possibly by
altered fire frequ ency. Recent rei ntro­
d uctions h ave occu rred ( 444C, 464A,
4640) as part of State and Federal
recovery work, but most decl i n i ng as of
1 994. USFWS has designated critical
habitat. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 :525
( 1 876) for original descri ption, and Con­
servation Biology 7(3 ) : 5 1 0-526 ( 1 993) for
population biology.
70 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Amsinckia lunaris M acbr. H igh ly local ized and often overlooked; Cismontane wood land, lower moncane
many occu rrences extirpated. Does plant coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
"bent-Aowered fid d leneck" Boraginaceae occu r in Tehama County? Very rare i n 1 1 00-2000 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Southern Cal ifornia. Endangered i n Ore­ Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Lake, gon . See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe Region
Mari n , Napa, Santa Cruz, Shasta?, Siski­ ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 238 ( 1 894) by E. See Madrano 24( 2 ) :78-83 ( 1 977) for
you?, San Mateo, Sonoma Greene for original descri ption, and original description.
408C, 409D, 445B, 448B, 448C, 448D, American Midland Naturalist 3 2 : 1 32-1 63
465B, 465C, 465D, 484C, 485A, 485B, ( 1 944) for taxonomic treatment. Angelica kingii (Wats. ) Cou lt. &
50 1 B, 5 1 6B, 533C, 533D, 534B, 547B, Rose
547C, 548A, 549B, 549C, 564B Androsace filiformis Retz. " King's angelica" Apiaceae
Coastal bl uffscrub, cismontane wood­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
"slender-stem med androsace" Pri m ulaceae
land, valley and footh ill grassland;
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Utah
elevation 3-500 meters.
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
Ann ual herb, blooms March-June.
Wyoming, and elsewhere pinyon and juniper woodland / mesic;
Many col lections old; current status elevation 1 830-3080 meters.
732C, 733 D
information needed. Does plant occur in
Shasta and Siskiyou counties? Threat­ Meadows and seeps, upper montane Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
ened by development. coniferous forest; elevation 1 800-1 830 Known in California only from the White
meters. Mtns. Threatened by grazing and erosion.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October. See Botany ofthe King Exploration p. 1 26
Amsinckia spectabilis var. ( 1 871 ) for original descri ption, and Con­
microcarpa tributions from the U.S. National Herbarium
Considered but rejected : too common Androsace occidentalis Pursh . var. 7: 1 58 ( 1 900) for revised nomenclature.
sim plex ( Ryd b.) St. John
Amsinckia vernicosa H. &A var. "si mple androsace" Pri mu laceae Angelica lucida L.
furcata (Su ksd . ) Hoov. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
"sea-watch " Apiaceae
Placer; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
"forked fidd leneck" Boraginaceae
Utah, and elsewhere
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­
556C gon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
Fresno, Kings, Kern, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo Upper montane coniferous forest (usual­ Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
ly mesic); elevation 1 675-1 700 meters. coastal scrub, marshes and swamps
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 50-1 000 Annual herb, blooms August-September. (coastal salt); elevation 0-1 50 meters.
meters. Known i n Cal ifornia only from Emigrant Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Annual herb, blooms February-May. Gap. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
40(9):462 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for original description.
More common than previously thought. Anisocarpus scabridus ( Eastw. )
Threatened by m i n i ng and grazi ng. See B . G . Baldwin
Americanjournal ofBotany 44: 529-536 Androstephium breviflorum Wats.
( 1 957) for discussion of taxonomy. "scabrid alpine tarplant" Asteraceae
"small-Aowered androsteph i u m " Li l i aceae List 18 / RED 2 - 1 -3
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Colusa, Glen n, Lake, Mendocino, Shasta,
Amsinckia vernicosa var. vernicosa I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Arizona, Tehama, Trin ity
Considered but rejected : too common Nevada, Utah , and elsewhere
565A, 581 C, 582D, 597B, 597C, 598A,
99D, 1 58C, 204B, 204C, 204D, 228B, 61 3C, 6 1 3D, 634D, 680� 680D
Androsace elongata L. ssp. acuta 229D, 2 5 1 A
Upper montane coniferous forest (meta­
(Greene) Robbins Mojavean desert scrub (bajadas); morphic, rocky); elevation 1 650-2300
elevation 220- 1 600 meters. meters.
"California androsace" Pri m u laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
March-Apri l .
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Fresno, Need quads for Glenn County. A syn­
Kern, Los Angeles*, Merced, San Bernar­ Need q uads for I nyo County. See Madrano onym of Raillardiopsis scabrida in TheJepson
di no, San Benito, Santa Clara, San Diego, 3 1 ( 3 ) : 1 92 ( 1 984) for distributional infor­ Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Siskiyou, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, mation . Club 32:2 1 6 ( 1 905) for origi nal descrip­
Tehama?; Baja California, Oregon * tion, and Navan 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, Angelica arguta revised nomenclature.
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­ Considered but rejected: too common
land; elevation 305-1 200 meters. Anomobryum filiforme ( D icks)
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne. Angelica callii Math. & Const. Sol ms.
"Cal i's angelica" Apiaceae Bryaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare Humboldt, Mariposa?, Santa Cruz; Ore­
gon , and elsewhere
408B, 455D?, 655D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 71

Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ Antennaria suffrutescens Greene Antirrhinum virga Gray
tane coniferous forest, North Coast
coniferous forest / damp rock and soil on "evergreen everlasting" Asteraceae "tall snapdragon" Scrophu lariaceae
outcrops, usually on roadcuts; elevation List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
1 00-1 000 meters. Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma
Moss. Lower montane coniferous forest ( ser­ Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
I nfreq uent in California but abu ndant i n pentin ite ); elevation 500-1 600 meters. forest / rocky, openi ngs, often serpenti­
m uch o f its range. Need confirmation of Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms nite; elevation 1 00-201 5 meters.
Yosem ite NP col lection (Mariposa Coun­ Jan uary-J u ly. Perennial herb, blooms June-Ju ly.
ty). See Pl. Crypt. Brit. Fasc. 4: 1 6 ( 1 80 1 ) See Pittonia 3:277 ( 1 898) for original See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
for original description, and Bryothr. Eur. descri ption. Arts and Sciences 7:3 73 ( 1 868) for original
25:331 ( 1 873) for revised nomenclature. descri ption, and Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 22:53-57 ( 1 988) for taxonomic
Antirrhinum cornutum
Antennaria flagellaris (Gray) Gray treatment.
Considered but rejected : too common
"stoloniferous pussy-toes" Asteraceae
Aphanisma blitoides M o q .
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Antirrhinum cyathiferum Ben th .
Lassen, Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon, "aphanisma" Chenopodiaceae
Washi ngton, and elsewhere " Deep Canyon snapdragon" List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Scrophulariaceae
Great Basin scrub (vernally mesic); Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
elevation 1 450-2220 meters. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Island,
Riverside; Arizona, Baja California, Sono­ San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms ra (Mexico)
April-August. Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San
65A, 65B Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventu­
Threatened by m i ni ng. See Madrofio ra; Baja Californ ia, Guadalupe Island
30(2): 1 29 ( 1 983) for first California Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
0-800 meters. (Mexico)
record .
Ann ual herb, blooms February-Apri l. 1 1 B, 22B, 7 1 B, 71 D, 73A, 90C*, 1 41 D,
1 96B, 1 96D, ANAC, SBRA, 5CMC,
Antennaria marginata Green e Known in California only from the Deep SCMN, SCMS, SCTE, SCTW, SCZA,
Cyn. area. SNIC, SROS
"white-margi ned everlasti ng" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal dunes,
Antirrhinum filipes coastal scrub / sandy; elevation 1 -305
San Bernardino; Arizona, New Mexico,
and elsewhere Considered but rejected : too com mon meters.
1 05A, 1 05D Annual herb, blooms March-Ju ne.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper Antirrhinum ovatum Eastw. In steep decline on main land, and also
montane coniferous forest; elevation "oval-leaved snapdragon" Scrophu lariaceae decl i n i ng on islands. Known from only
2 1 50-2 1 50 meters. four occu rrences on San N icolas Island,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
and one each on Santa Catal ina and
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Kern, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Ben­ Santa Cruz islands. Last seen on Santa
May-August. ito, San Lu is Obispo, Ventura Rosa Island in 1 932; only seen once on
Known in California only from two occur­ Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­ Anacapa Island (in 1 992). Threatened by
rences on San Gorgonio Mtn. and in the on and j u n i per woodland , valley and u rbanization, recreational development,
South Fork Santa Ana River area. See Pitto­ foothi l l grassland / clay or gypsu m , often and foot traffic, and by feral herbivores
nia 3 :290 ( 1 898) for original description. alkaline; elevation 200-1 000 meters. on Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and
Annual h erb, blooms May-November. Santa Rosa islands.
Antennaria pulchella Greene Appears only in favorable years. Threat­
" beautifu I pussy-toes" Asteraceae ened by grazing and vehicles. See Bulletin Arabis aculeolata Greene
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:2 1 3 ( 1 905) "Waldo rock cress" Brassicaceae
for original descri ption.
Alpine, El Dorado, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Tulare, Tuolum ne; Nevada Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Alpine bou lder and rock field (stream
Antirrhinum subcordatum Gray
. 720B, 736B, 736D, 738B, 738D, 739A,
margi ns), meadows and seeps; elevation "di morphic snapdragon" Scrophulariaceae 739B
2800-3700 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Tehama tane coniferous forest, upper montane
J u ne-September. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous coniferous forest / serpentinite; elevation
See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Crit­ forest / sometimes serpentinite; elevation 41 0-1 800 meters.
icism 2: 1 49 ( 1 9 1 1 ) for original descrip­ 1 85-800 meters. Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
tion, and Madrofio 37(3 ) : 1 71 -1 83 ( 1 990) Annual h erb, blooms Apri l-J u ly. Known i n Californ ia from fewer than ten
for taxonomic treatment. occurrences. Threatened by logging and
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:306 ( 1 884) for origi­ m i n i ng. On watch l ist i n Oregon . See
Antennaria racemosa nal description. Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):352-353 ( 1 941 ) for tax­
Considered but rejected: too com mon onomic treatment, and Contributions from
the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 5 1 ( 1 973) for
taxonomic information.
72 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arabis blepharophylla H . & A.

"coast rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Contra Costa, Monterey, Mari n, Santa
Cruz, San Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma
Broadleaved upland forest, coastal bluff
scrub, coastal prarie, coastal scru b;
elevation 3-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-May.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):348-349 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment, and Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54
( 1 973) for taxonomic i nformation.

Arabis bodiensis Rol l .

" Bod ie H i l l s rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -2
Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
330A, 3 9 1 C, 393C, 470A, 470B, 487A,
487B, 487C, 488A
Alpi ne bou lder and rock field, Great
Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land, subal pine coniferous forest?;
elevation 2 1 95-3530 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August.
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 2 1 2 : 1 1 3 ( 1 982)
for original description.

Arabis breweri var. austinae

Considered but rejected : too common

Arabis breweri Wats. var.

pecuniaria Rol l .
"San Bernard ino rock cress" Brassicaceae
. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
. San Bernard ino
1 05D
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
.' -:�<'.' ' ..., � . '
•, .
elevation 2700-3200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-August.
Known from only two occurrences in the
San Gorgonio WA. See Rhodora 43(51 1 ) :
409 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.

Arabis cobrensis Jones

" Masonic rock cress" Brassicaceae
Antirrhinum ovatum List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon, and
elsewhere
451 C, 470A, 470B, 470D, 486C, 487C,
690C
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland / sandy; elevation 1 3 75-2800
meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :455-457 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 73

Arabis constancei Rol l . Known only from two occurrences near On watch l ist in Oregon . See Rhodora
Cuyamaca Lake. Threatened by grazing. 43( 5 1 1 ) :426 ( 1 94 1 ) for taxonomic
"Constance's rock cress" Brassicaceae Not in TheJepson Manual. See Aliso 1 7: 203 treatment.
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 ( 1 998) for original description.
Plumas, Sierra
Arabis l ignifera
573B, 589A, 589B, 589C, 590A, 590B, Arabis hoffmannii ( M u nz) Rol l . Considered but rejected : unable to verify
605B, 606A, 606C the two reported Cal ifornia locations i n
" Hoffman n ' s rock cress" Brassicaceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous I nyo a n d Mono counties
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 975-2025 Federal Endangered
meters. Anacapa Island *, Santa Cruz Island, Arabis macdonaldiana Eastw.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. Santa Rosa Island " McDonald's rock cress" Brassicaceae
Threatened by road widening, logging, ANAC*, SCZB, SCZC, SRON List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
mining, and urbanization. See Contribu­ Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal State Endangered/Federal
tions from the Gray Herbarium 201 :4-6 scrub / rocky, volcanic; elevation 60-395 Endangered
( 1 971 ) for original description. meters. Del Norte, Mendocino, Siskiyou, Trin ity;
Perennial herb, blooms February-April . Oregon
Arabis d ispar J ones Rediscovered i ndependently i n 1 985 by T. 600B, 686B, 738A, 738B, 738C, 738D,
H esseldenz and S. J u nak on Santa Cruz 739B, 739C, 740A
"pi nyon rock cress" Brassicaceae
Island; now known from only four small Lower montane coniferous forest, North
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
occurrences. Feral herbivore populations Coast coniferous forest, upper montane
I nyo, Mono, San Bernardi no, Tulare; reduced, but stil l threatened by feral pigs; coniferous forest / serpenti nite; elevation
Nevada also possibly threatened by erosion. Rein­ 1 3 5-1 800 meters.
1 03D, 1 3 1 D, 283B, 283C, 302A, 302C, trod uction work on Santa Cruz Island Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
302D, 304A, 304B, 372A, 41 2C, 432B, ongoing as of 1 996. Recent su rveys on
433C Anacapa Island have been u nsuccessfu l . Threatened by mining. Endangered i n
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :407 ( 1 941 ) for taxo­ Oregon, where plant needs taxonomic
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
nomic treatment. study. Protected in part at Red Mtn.
desert scrub, pinyon and jun iper wood­
ACEC ( BLM ), Mendocino County.
land / granitic, gravel ly; elevation
I ncl udes A. serpentinicola. See Rhodora
1 200-2400 meters. Arabis johnstonii M u nz 43( 5 1 1 ):350 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treat­
Perennial herb, blooms March-June. ment, and Contributions from the Gray
"Joh nston's rock cress" Brassicaceae
Rare i n San Bernardino County. See Con­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973) for taxo­
tributions to Western Botany 8:41 ( 1 898) for nomic information.
Riverside
original description.
66A, 66B, 66C, 66D
Arabis microphylla Nutt. var.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Arabis fernaldiana Rol l . var. stylosa microphylla
forest / often on eroded clay; elevation
(Wats. ) Rol l . 1 350-2 1 50 meters. "small-leaved rock cress" Brassicaceae
"stylose rock cress" Brassicaceae Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
List 3 / RED ?-1 - 1 Known from fewer than ten occurrences Mono, Modoc, Plumas; Nevada, Oregon ,
Mono; Nevada in the southern San Jacinto Mtns. Threat­ Wash ington, a n d elsewhere
431 D, 433B, 450D ened by recreational and residential Pinyon and jun iper wood land (volcanic
development i n Garner Val ley and fuel­ or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 700-2700
Great Basin scrub (carbonate, rocky);
break mai ntenance on Desert Divide, and meters.
elevation 2300-3080 meters.
possibly by cattle trampling. See Bulletin Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly. ofthe Southern California Academy ofSciences
3 1 : 62-63 ( 1 932) for original descri ption, See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :426-428 ( 1 941 ) for
Move to List 2? Known in California only
and Rhodora 43(5 1 1 ):467-468 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
from three occurrences; are these this
taxon ? Needs research. See Rhodora taxonomic treatment.
43( 5 1 1 ) :430-432 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic Arabis modesta Rol l .
treatment.
Arabis koehleri Howe l l var. "modest rock cress" Brassicaceae
stipitata Ro 1 1 . List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Arabis hirshbergiae S . D. Boyd Napa, Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon
" Koehler's stipitate rock cress" Brassicaceae
" H i rshberg's rock cress" Brassicaceae List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2 Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon forest; elevation 1 20-800 meters.
San Diego Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
722A, 736B, 737A, 738B, 738D, 739B,
20A, 33D 739C, 739D, 740D l ntergrades with A. oregana in Siskiyou
Pebble ( pavement} plain; elevation Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Cou nty; may be a variety of that plant.
1 400-1 400 meters. forest / serpentin ite, rocky; elevation Endangered in Oregon . See Rhodora
1 55-1 660 meters. 43( 5 1 1 ) :350-352 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
treatment, and Contributions from the Gray
Perennial herb, blooms March-Ju ly. Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973 ) for taxo­
nomic information .
74 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arabis oregana Ro l l . Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub / See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) : 380-38 1 ( 1 941 ) for
carbonate; elevation 1 1 00-2075 meters. original descri ption.
"Oregon rock cress" Brassicaceae
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l .
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1
Need precise local ity i nformation for Arabis serpentinicola
Lake, Modoc, Napa, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon q uad 327. See Rhodora 43 ( 5 1 1 ):459-460 Considered but rejected : a synonym of A.
( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment. macdonaldiana; a rare taxon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation 600-1 830
meters. Arabis pygmaea Rol l . Arabis shockleyi M u nz
Perenn ial herb, blooms May. "Tu l are Cou nty rock cress" Brassicaceae "Shockley's rock cress" Brassicaceae
Many collections in Klamath region. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Exact taxonomic status of Napa County I nyo, Tu lare Inyo, San Bernardi no; Nevada, and else­
occurrence needs to be determi ned . See Meadows and seeps (edges), subalpine where
Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):349-350 ( 1 941 ) for tax­ coniferous forest / volcanic or granitic, 1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0, 1 32 0,
onomic treatment, and Contributions from gravelly or sandy; elevation 23 1 5-3400 326A, 3900, 41 OC
the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973) meters.
for taxonomic information. Pinyon and j u n iper wood land (carbonate
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-J uly. or quartzite, rocky or gravel ly); elevation
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):476 ( 1 941 ) for taxo­ 875-2205 meters.
Arabis parishii Wats. nomic treatment. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
" Parish's rock cress" Brassicaceae See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Arabis repanda Wats. var. greenei my ofSciences 3 1 (2 ):61 ( 1 932) for original
San Bernard ino jeps. descri ption, and Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :457
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26 0, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0, ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
"Greene's rock cress" Brassicaceae
1 320
List 4 / RED 2-1 -3
Pebble (pavement) plain, pinyon and Arabis suffrutescens var.
I nyo, Madera, Mono, Tu lare
j u n iper woodland, upper montane conif­ horizontalis
erous forest / rocky, quartzite on clay, or Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
sometimes carbonate; elevation tane coniferous forest / granitic, tal us,
suffrutescens; a common taxon
1 770-2900 meters. rocky or sandy; elevation 2345-3600
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Arabis tiehmii Ro l l .
Known only from the San Bernard i no
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, carbonate See Flora ofCalifornia 2(2):63 ( 1 936) by "Tiehm's rock cress" Brassicaceae
m i ni ng, development, grazi ng, and road W.L. Jepson for original description. List 1 B / RED 3 - 1 -2
construction. See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):468- Mono; Nevada
469 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment. Arabis rigidissima Ro l l . var. 453B, 454A, 471 D
demota Ro l l . Alpi ne boulder and rock field (granitic);
Arabis pinzlae Ro l l . elevation 2970-3590 meters.
"Carson Range rock cress" Brassicaceae
" Pi nzl's rock cress" Brassicaceae List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Peren nial h erb, blooms J u ly-August.
List 18 / RED 3-1-2 Placer; Nevada Known in California from ten occur­
Mono; Nevada 5540 rences near Tioga Crest. On watch list i n
435A, 4500 Nevada, where known from two occur­
Broad leaved u pland forest, upper mon­ rences. See journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation 64:496 ( 1 983) for original descri ption.
coni ferous forest (scree or sandy); 2255-2560 meters.
elevation 3000-3350 meters. Perennial herb, blooms August.
Arctomecon merriami i Cov.
Perennial herb, blooms Ju ly. Known in Cal iforn ia from only two occur­
Known in Cal ifornia from only two rences near Martis Pk., and in Nevada "wh ite bear poppy" Papaveraceae
occu rrences. On watch list i n Nevada. from eleven occurrences in the Carson List 2 / RED 2-2-1
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium Range. Threatened by logging. On watch I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
2 1 2 : 1 1 0 ( 1 982) for original descri ption, l ist in Nevada. Not in TheJepson Manual. 227B, 248B, 248C, 249A, 249D, 275D,
and Madrano 3 7 ( 1 ) : 64 ( 1 990) for first Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 64:498 323B, 323C, 325D, 346B, 349A, 3 68C,
California record . ( 1 983) for original descri ption. 368D, 369B, 370A, 370B, 370D, 389C
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub /
Arabis pulchra j o n es var. Arabis rigidissima Rol l . var. rocky; elevation 490-1 585 meters.
m unciensis J o nes rigidissima Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
"Darwi n rock cress" Brassicaceae "Trin ity Mou ntains rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­ H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity
where Upper montane coniferous forest (gravel­
1 040, 327, 349B, 349C, 370A, 370B, ly or rocky); elevation 1 600-2200 meters.
3 72A, 390C, 41 2 0 Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.

I
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 75

Historical occurrences need field surveys; Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms Recoveri ng after removal offeral goats.
new occurrences found recently. Threat­ February-Apri l . See Madroiio 1 9(6): 1 93 ( 1 968) for origi­
ened by mini ng and vehicles. On watch Known from fewer than ten occurrences. nal description.
l ist in Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe Biolog­ Threatened by road construction and
ical Society ofWashington 7:65-80 ( 1 892) widening, non-native plants, and dump­ Arctostaphylos cinerea
for original description, Mentzelia 3 : 2-5 i ng, and potentially by development. See
( 1 977) for species account, Rhodora Considered but rejected: a hybrid
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 1 5 ( 1 934) for between A. canescens and A. viscida
95:209-2 1 2 ( 1 993) for taxonomic treat­ original descri ption.
ment, and Madroiio 44(2) : 1 5 1 -1 69
( 1 997) for ecological information. Arctostaphylos confertiflora
Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw. ssp.
Eastw.
sublaevis Wells
Arctostaphylos acutifolia "Santa Rosa Island manzanita" Ericaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A. "The Cedars m anzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
patula; a common taxon List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Endangered
Sonoma
Santa Rosa Island
Arctostaphylos andersonii Gray 5 1 8C, 5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D
SROE, SRON, SROS
"Santa Cruz manzanita" Ericaceae Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite seeps; elevation 300-760 Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 coniferous forest, chaparral / sandstone;
meters.
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo elevation 60-SOO meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
406C, 407D, 408B, 408C, 408D, 428A, February-May. Shrub (evergreen), blooms
429A, 429D, 448C, 448D February-Apri l .
See Four Seasons 8(2):63 ( 1 988) for origi­
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, nal description. Fewer than 400 plants were estimated to
North Coast coniferous forest I open­ occur as of 1 996. Threatened by cattle
i ngs, edges; elevation 60-700 meters. grazing and feral herbivores. See Leaflets of
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. Western Botany 1 : 1 22 ( 1 934) for original
November-Apri l . malloryi description.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ See Arctostaphylos malloryi
rences in the Santa Cruz Mtns. Confused Arctostaphylos cruzensis Roof
with other species merged with it as vari­ Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. "Arroyo de la Cruz manzan ita" Ericaceae
eties. Threatened by development. See ssp. sonomensis ( Eastw. ) Wel ls List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 1 :83 ( 1 876) for original "Sonoma manzanita" Ericaceae Monterey, San Luis Obispo
description, and North American Flora List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 247D, 271 B, 271 D, 272A, 296B
29:98 ( 1 9 1 4) for additional i nformation. Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma, Broad leaved u pland forest, coastal bluff
Tehama scrub, closed-cone coniferous forest,
Arctostaphylos auriculata Eastw. 500C, 501 B, 550A, 5500, 5650, 581 B, chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
581 C, 582D, 597C, 597D, 600B, 670C, foothill grassland / sandy; elevation
" Mt. Diablo manzanita" Ericaceae 60-3 1 0 meters.
6700
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
Contra Costa December-March.
forest / sometimes serpentinite; elevation
464A, 464B, 464C, 464D 1 80- 1 675 meters. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation Shru b (evergreen), blooms January-Apri l . rences. See Leaflets of Western Botany 9:2 1 8
1 35-650 meters. ( 1 962) for original description .
Threatened by development. See Leaflets
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms of Western Botany 1 : 78 ( 1 933) for original
January-March. description, Four Seasons 7(3 ):42-46 Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ ( 1 985) for status update, and Madrano Baker
rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical 35(4):330-341 ( 1 988) for revised
Club 32 :202 ( 1 905) for original descrip­ nomenclature. "Vi ne H i l l manzanita" Ericaceae
tion, and American Midland Naturalist List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
23:622 ( 1 940) for taxonomic treatment. Arctostaphylos catalinae Wel ls State Endangered
Sonoma
"Santa Catal ina Island manzanita"
Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw. ssp. Ericaceae 502A
bakeri List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Chaparral (acid marine sand); elevation
" Baker's manzanita" Ericaceae Santa Catal ina Island 50-1 20 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 SCTE, SCTN, SCTS Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-Apri l.
State Rare Chaparral (volcanic); elevation 75-600
Sonoma meters. Known from only one occurrence on the
Sonoma Barren near Forestvi lle. Threat­
500C, 502B, 503A, 5 1 8A Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms ened by fungal infection . See Leaflets of
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral / February-May. Western Botany 1 (4):31 ( 1 932 ) for original
often serpentinite; elevation 75-300 description.
meters.
76 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arctostaphylos edm undsii J .T. Chaparral ( maritime, sandy); elevation Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
Howe l l 0-3 65 meters. ssp. franciscana ( Eastw. ) M u nz
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
"Little Sur manzan ita" Ericaceae " Franciscan manzan ita" Ericaceae
December-Apri l .
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 1A
Threatened b y urban ization, agricultural
Monterey San Francisco*
conversion, and fuel mod i fication . Cal i­
320E, 344B, 344C, 344D fornia popu lations have declined great­ 448B*, 466C*
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral / sandy; ly. See Madrano 1 (4):86 ( 1 922) for Coastal scrub (serpentin ite); elevation
elevation 30-1 05 meters. original description, Madrano 1 9: 205 60-300 meters.
( 1 968) for revised nomenclature, and
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Shrub (evergreen), blooms
November-April .
Four Seasons 7(4): 5-27 ( 1 987) for taxo­ February-April .
nomic treatment.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Last seen i n 1 942. Plant now occurs only
Threatened by foot traffic and non-native i n cultivation. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
plants. I ncludes A. edmundsii var. parvifolia, Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Botanical Club 32:201 ( 1 905) for original
which is state-listed Rare. See Leaflets of glaucomollis descri ption, and Aliso 4( 1 ):95 ( 1 958) for
Western Botany 6(1 0 ) :202 ( 1 952) for orig­ Considered but rejected: too common revised nomenclature.
i nal description and 9 ( 1 2 ): 1 88-1 96
( 1 96 1 ) for i nformation.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
mollis ssp. hearstiorum ( H oov. & Roof)
Arctostaphylos edm undsii var. Wells
Considered but rejected: too common
edmu ndsii
" Hearst's manzan ita" Ericaceae
See Arctostaphylos edmundsii
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. List 18 / RED 3-2-3
zacaens1s State Endangered
Arctostaphylos edmundsii var.
Considered but rejected: too common San Luis Obispo
parvifolia
271 B, 272A
See Arctostaphylos edmundsii
Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schrei b. Chaparral (maritime), coastal prarie,
"Schrei ber's manzanita" Ericaceae coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
Arctostaphylos elegans land / sandy; elevation 55-200 meters.
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected : a synonym of A. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
manzanita ssp. elegans; a common taxon Santa Cruz
February-Apri I .
408B, 408C, 409D
Known from fewer than five occu rrences
Arctostaphylos franciscana Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / in the Arroyo de la Cruz area. Threatened
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. franciscana diatomaceous shale; elevation 1 70-685 by grazing and rangeland conversion. See
meters. Four Seasons 2( 1 ) : 2 ( 1 966) for original
Shrub (evergreen), blooms descri ption, and Madrano 1 9 :200 ( 1 968)
Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Wells November-Apri l . for revised nomenclature.
"San Gabriel manzan ita" Ericaceae Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 Threatened by road construction. See Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
Los Angeles American Midland Naturalist 2 3 : 61 7 ( 1 940) ssp. hookeri
1 3 6A for original descri ption.
" Hooker's manzan ita" Ericaceae
Chaparral (rocky); elevation 1 500 meters. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March.
Arctostaphylos hearstiorum
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hearstiorum Monterey, Santa Cruz
Known only from Mill Creek Summit 344B, 365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C, 366D,
d ivide in the San Gabriel Mtns. See Four 387A
Seasons 9(2):46 ( 1 992) for original Arctostaphylos hispidula Howell
descri ption. Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
" H owell's manzan ita" Ericaceae cismontane woodland, coastal scrub /
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 sandy; elevation 85-300 meters.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Del Norte, Humboldt, Sonoma; Oregon Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
adamsii Chaparral (serpentinite or sandstone); February-J u ne.
Considered but rejected : too common elevation 1 20- 1 250 meters. Threatened by agriculture, development,
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-Apri l. fire suppression, and competition with
Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Threatened by mining. Endangered in i ntroduced Eucalyptus.
ssp. crassifolia U eps. ) Wel ls Oregon . See A Flora ofNorthwest America,
" Del Mar manzan ita" Ericaceae
p. 41 5 ( 1 903) by T.J . Howell for original Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
description. ssp. montana ( Eastw. ) Wells
List 18 / RED 3-3-2
Federal Endangered " Mt. Tamalpais manzan ita" Ericaceae
San Diego; Baja California List 18 / RED 3-1-3
22A, 22B, 35B, 35C, 36A, 36D Mari n
467A, 467B
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 77

Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland / Known from five occurrences on San Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-J uly.
serpentinite; elevation 1 60-760 meters. Bruno Mtn. Threatened by fu ngal infec­ To be expected in Glenn and Tehama
Shrub (evergreen), blooms tion, and possibly by alteration of fire counties. See Four Seasons 6(4):23 ( 1 983)
February-Apri l . regi mes. All occurrences are with in the for original description and 9(2): 54-59
boundaries of the San Bru no Mtn. HCP. ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
rences in the Mt. Tamalpais area. See Pro­ Sciences IV 20: 1 49 ( 1 93 1 ) for original
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences description. Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry
1 :83 ( 1 897) for original descri ption, and ssp. elegans U eps.) Wells
Madrano 1 9(6):200 ( 1 968) for revised
nomenclature. Arctostaphylos insularis " Konocti manzanita" Ericaceae
Considered but rejected : too common List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa,
Arctostaphylos intricata var. Sonoma
ssp. ravenii Wel l s
intricata 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 533B, 534A, 534B, 534D,
" Presidio manzanita" Ericaceae 565A, 565D, 580C, 656A, 656D
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of A. glandulosa ssp. glandulosa Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
State Endangered/Federal montane coniferous forest / volcanic;
Endangered elevation 395- 1 6 1 5 meters.
San Francisco Arctostaphylos intricata var.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
448 B*, 466C oblongifolia
Rare in Napa County. See Erythea 1 : 1 5
Considered but rejected : too common; a
Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scrub / ( 1 893) for original description, Madrano
synonym of A. glandulosa ssp. glandulosa
serpentin ite outcrop; elevation 45-2 1 5 1 9(6):201 ( 1 968) for revised nomencla­
meters. ture, and Americanjournal ofBotany 27(3 ):
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Arctostaphylos klamathensis 1 86-1 90 for taxonomic discussion.
February-March. Edwards, Keeler-Wolf & Kn ight
Known from only one extant native " Klamath manzanita" Ericaceae Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
occurrence at the Presidio in San Francis­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 glaucescens
co; plants there belong to a si ngle clone. Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity Considered but rejected : too common
Five of six historical occu rrences extirpat­
ed by u rban ization; currently threatened 682B, 682C, 683A, 683D, 700C, 700D
by non-native plants, and possibly by Chaparral ( montane), lower montane Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry
foot traffic and vandalism. USFWS uses coniferous forest, subal pine coniferous ssp. laevigata ( Eastw. ) M u nz
the name A. pungens var. ravenii. See forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
"Contra Costa manzan ita" Ericaceae
Madrano 1 9(6): 200 ( 1 968) for original rocky, serpentinite or gabbro; elevation
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
descri ption. 1 570-2000 meters.
Contra Costa
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-J u ly.
Arctostaphylos hooveri Wells 464A, 464B, 464C
Possi bly th reatened by road mai nte­
nance. See Four Seasons 6(4):20 ( 1 983) Chaparral (rocky); elevation 500- 1 1 00
" H oover's manzanita" Ericaceae meters.
for original descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Monterey, San Luis Obispo January-February.
Arctostaphylos luciana Wells
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 7 6 ( 1 933)
( rocky), cismontane woodland, lower "Santa Lucia manzanita" Ericaceae for original description, and Aliso 4( 1 ):95
montane con iferous forest; elevation List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 ( 1 954) for revised nomenclature.
480- 1 0 1 0 meters. San Lu is Obispo
Shrub (evergreen), blooms 2 2 1 A, 246B, 246C, 246D, 270C
February-J u ne. Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / roofii
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 9 : 1 52 ( 1 961 ) shale; elevation 350-850 meters.
for original description. Considered but rejected: too common
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-March.
Arctostaphylos imbricata Eastw. Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0: 1 77
Wells
"San Bru no Mountain manzan ita" ( 1 965) for original descri ption.
Ericaceae "pygmy manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Arctostaphylos malloryi ( Kn ight &
State Endangered Ganki n ) Wells Mendocino
San Mateo 5690
"Mallory's manzanita" Ericaceae
448B List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Closed-cone coniferous forest (acidic
sandy clay); elevation 90-200 meters.
Chaparral, coastal scru b / rocky; Colusa, Shasta, Trin ity
elevation 275-365 meters. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Shrub (evergreen), blooms forest / volcanic; elevation 800-1 200 Known only from one occurrence on the
February-May. meters. Mendocino Plains. See Four Seasons
8(3 ):30 ( 1 989) for original description.
78 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arctostaphylos m ewukka Merriam Known from approximately ten occur­ Threatened by m i n i ng, development, and
ssp. truei ( Kn ight) Wells rences. Threatened by development and fu ngal infection. Protected i n part at lone
vehicles. See Four Seasons 2(3):8 ( 1 967) Manzanita ACEC ( BLM ) and Apricum
"True's manzanita" Ericaceae for original descri ption. Hill ER ( DFG), both in Amador County.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 See Pittonia 1 :34 ( 1 887) for original
Butte, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Yuba descri ption, Ecology 45(4): 792-808
Arctostaphylos montereyensis
( 1 964) for ecological d iscussion, and
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Hoov.
forest; elevation 425- 1 3 1 0 meters.
Changing Seasons 1 ( 4 ): 4-1 9 ( 1 982) for
"Monterey manzan ita" Ericaceae species account.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-May.
Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-3
l ntergrades with ssp. mewukka in Nevada Monterey Arctostaphylos nissenana Merriam
and Placer counties. See Four Seasons
3 ( 1 ): 1 9 ( 1 969) for original descri ption, 343A, 36SB, 36SC, 366A, 366D " Nissenan manzan ita" Ericaceae
and Four Seasons 9(2):60-63 ( 1 992) for Chaparral ( maritime), cismontane wood­ Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-3
revised nomenclature. land, coastal scru b / sandy; elevation El Dorado, Tuolumne
30-730 meters.
458B, 509B, 5 1 0A, 52SC, 526A, 526D
Arctostaphylos montana Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. montana February-March.
rocky; elevation 450-1 1 00 meters.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Threatened by development. See Leaflets
Arctostaphylos montaraensis Roof of Western Botany 1 0:88 ( 1 964) for origi­
February-March.
"Montara manzanita" Ericaceae nal description. Known from approximately ten occur­
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 rences. Threatened by development. See
Proceedings ofthe Biological Society ofWashing­
San Mateo Arctostaphylos morroensis Wies. & ton 31 : 1 02 ( 1 9 1 8) for original description,
448B, 448C Schreib. Four Seasons 1 (4):7-1 5 ( 1 966) for species
Chaparral ( mariti me), coastal scrub; "Morro manzanita" Ericaceae account, and Four Seasons 6( 4): 1 2-1 6
elevation 1 50-500 meters. ( 1 983) for range extension information.
Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-March. Federal Threatened
Arctostaphylos nortensis Wells
San Luis Obispo
246C, 247D " Del Norte manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­
land, coastal d u nes (pre-Flandrian), Del Norte; Oregon ?
coastal scru b / sandy loam; elevation Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
5-205 meters. forest / often serpenti nite; elevation
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms 500-800 meters.
December-March. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms February.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Plant may occur i n adjacent Oregon. See
rences in the Morro Bay area; estimated Four Seasons 8(1 ) : SO (1 988) for original
to cover less than 350 acres as of 1 996. description and 9(2):54-59 ( 1 992) for
Threatened by urban ization and alter­ revised nomenclature.
ation of fire regimes, and possi bly by
non-native plants. Regional plan ning
effort ongoing, but appears inaequate as Arctostaphylos obispoensis Eastw.
of2000. See Madrano 5(1 ):42 ( 1 939) for " Bishop manzanita" Ericaceae
original descri ption. Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Parry Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
" lone manzanita" Ericaceae cismontane woodland / serpenti nite,
Llst 1 B / RED 2-2-3 rocky; elevation 1 50-980 meters.
Federal Threatened Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Amador, Calaveras February-J u ne.
476A, 476 B, 477A, 477B, 493C, 494B, See Leaflets of Western Botany 2:8 ( 1 937)
494C, 494D, 495A for original description.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
acidic, lone soil, clay or sandy; elevation Arctostaphylos osoensis Wells
60-580 meters. "Oso manzanita" Ericaceae
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
November-February. San Luis Obispo
Arctostaphylos 2470
morroensis
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 79

Chaparral, cismontane woodland / Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-May.
dacite porphyry buttes; elevation December-March. Plants from northwestern San Diego
300-500 meters. Known from thirteen occurrences in the County and adjacent Riverside County
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Contra Costa H i l ls of the Diablo Range. formerly considered this taxon are A. rain­
February-March. Threatened by alteration of fire regimes, bowensis. Plants from Santa Rosa Mtns.
Known only from two occurrences in the non-native plants, and road construc­ (65C) may be more closely aligned with
mountains north of Los Osos Valley. tion, and possibly by development, fu n­ A. parryana. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Threatened by u rbanization. See Four gal infection, and hybridization. Plants Madroiio 21 ( 5 ) : 2 68 ( 1 972) for origi nal
Seasons 9 ( 2 ) :45 ( 1 992) for original from 465B are introduced. See Leaflets of description and 39(4):285-287 ( 1 992)
descriptio n . Western Botany 1 :76 ( 1 933) for origi nal for taxonomic treatment.
descri ption, and Four Seasons 7(4):28-46
( 1 987) for ecological assessment.
Arctostaphylos otayensis Wies. & Arctostaphylos pilosulaj eps. &

Schreib. Wies.
Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
"Otay manzanita" Ericaceae "Santa M argarita manzan ita" Ericaceae
parryana
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected: too common
San Diego Monterey, San Luis Obispo
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0 D, 20D, 33D, 48D 220B, 245C, 245D, 246B, 270C, 2 7 1 A,
Arctostaphylos parryana Lem m o n 296A
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / ssp. tumescens Keeley, Boyki n , &
metavolcan ic; elevation 275-1 700 Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
Massi h i cismontane wood land / shale; elevation
meters.
" i nterior manzan ita" Ericaceae 1 70-1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
January-March. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Los Angeles, San Bernardino December-Marc h .
Historical occu rrences need field surveys.
See Madroiio 5 ( 1 ):43 ( 1 939) for original Chaparral ( montane), cismontane wood­ Threatened by road mai ntenance and
description . land; elevation 2 1 00-231 0 meters. vehicles. See Erythea 8 : 1 0 1 ( 1 938) for
origi nal descri ption.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Arctostaphylos pacifica February-Apri l .
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio Arctostaphylos pilosula ssp.
Considered but rejected: a hybrid
between A. glandulosa and A. uva-ursi 44(3): 264 ( 1 997) for original description. pilosula
See Arctostaphylos pilosula
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Adams Arctostaphylos parvifolia
Considered but rejected : a hybrid Arctostaphylos pilosula ssp.
" Pajaro manzan ita" Ericaceae
between A. glandulosa and A. nevadensis pismoensis
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
See Arctostaphylos wellsii
Monterey, Santa Cruz*
Arctostaphylos pechoensis D u d l .
366D, 386B, 386C, 386D, 387A, 408C*
" Pecho manzan ita" Ericaceae Arctostaphylos pseudopungens
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 30-760
meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
San Lu is Obispo pungens; a common taxon
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-March. 222A, 246C, 247D
Closed-cone con i ferous forest, chaparral, Arctostaphylos pumila Nutt.
Threatened by development. Seejournal of
the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 56:41 coastal scrub / sil iceous shale; elevation "sand mat manzanita" Ericaceae
( 1 940) for original description. 1 50-850 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Monterey
Arctostaphylos pallida Eastw. November-March . 365B, 366A, 366C, 366D
Known only from Pecho H i l ls area. Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
"pallid manzanita" Ericaceae
Threatened by urbanization. See North ( maritime), cismontane wood land,
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
American Flora 29:98 ( 1 9 1 4) for original coastal du nes, coastal scrub / sandy,
State Endangered/Federal descri ption. openings; elevation 3-205 meters.
Threatened
Alameda, Contra Costa Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Arctostaphylos peninsularis Wells February-May.
465C, 466A ssp. pen insularis Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone rences. Threatened by urbanization, and
"Peni nsular manzanita" Ericaceae
coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane by m i litary activities at Fort Ord .
woodland, coastal scrub / sil iceous shale, List 2 / RED 3-1-1
sandy or gravelly; elevation 1 85-465 Riverside?, San Diego; Baja Californ ia
meters. 1 9D, 65C?
Chaparral; elevation 1 350- 1 350 meters.
80 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arctostaphylos pungens ssp. Arctostaphylos regismontana Chaparral ( rhyolitic), cismontane wood­

chaloneorum Eastw. land; elevation 75-370 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
" Ki ngs Mou ntain manzanita" Ericaceae
pungens; a common taxon February-Apri I .
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz?, San Mateo
Arctostaphylos pungens ssp. Seriously th reatened by development,
386B, 428B, 429A, 448C road construction, vehicles, and viticul­
laevigata ture. See Four Seasons 4(2) : 1 6 ( 1 972) for
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
See Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. laevigata North Coast coniferous forest / granitic original descri ption and 9(2 ):60-63
or sandstone; elevation 305-730 meters. ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos purissima Wells Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Jan uary-Apri l .
" La Purisima manzanita" Ericaceae Are plants Ii-om Santa Cruz County this Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
List 18 I RED 2-3-3 taxon? Need quads for Santa Cruz Coun­ hispidula
Santa Barbara ty. Threatened by u rbanization. Not regen­ See Arctostaphylos hispidula
erating well. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
1 45A, 1 45B, 1 70A, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 70 D, 1 : 77 ( 1 933) for original description.
1 7 1 A, 1 95D, 1 96B, 1 96 D Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 60-300 ssp. raichei K n i g ht
Arctostaphylos roofii
meters. " Raiche's manzanita" Ericaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms manzanita ssp. roofii; a common taxon List 18 / RED 2-3-3
November-May. Lake, Mendocino
Threatened by u rbanization. See Madrofio 534A? , 535B, 550A, 550D, 600B
Arctostaphylos rudis j eps. & Wies.
1 9 : 1 95 ( 1 968) for original descri ption.
"sand mesa manzanita" Ericaceae Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest (openings) / rocky, often serpenti­
Arctostaphylos rainbowensis J . List 18 / RED 2-2-3
n ite; elevation 450-1 000 meters.
Keeley & Mass i h i Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
1 45B, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 71 A, 1 95B, 1 96A, February-April .
" Rai n bow manzanita" Ericaceae
1 96B, 1 96 D, 220C, 221 D
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Threatened b y urbanization . See Four
Chaparral (maritime), coastal scrub / Seasons 7(3 ): 1 8 ( 1 985) for original
Riverside, San Diego
sandy; elevation 25-230 meters. description.
50A, 50B, 5 1 A, 5 1 B? , 68C, 69C, 69D
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Chaparral; elevation 225-640 meters. November-February.
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Severely reduced on Nipomo Mesa; more
January-February.
stanfordiana
widespread on Burton Mesa. See Erythea
8: 1 00 ( 1 938) for original descri ption. Considered but rejected: too common
Previously called A. peninsularis ssp. penin­
sularis or considered to be a hybrid
between A. glandulosa and A. glauca. Arctostaphylos silvicola j eps. &
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana var.
Threatened by agricultural conversion. repens
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Madrofio Wies.
See Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. decumbens
41 ( 1 ) : 2 ( 1 994) for original descri ption. " Bonny Doon manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pursh)
Arctostaphylos refugioensis Santa Cruz
Lind i. ssp. daciticola Wel ls
Gan ki n 408A, 408B, 408C, 408D
"dacite manzanita" Ericaceae
" Refugio manzanita" Ericaceae Chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest,
lower montane coniferous forest / inland List 18 / RED 3-3-3
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
marine sands; elevation 1 20-600 meters. San Luis Obispo
Santa Barbara
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms 247D
1 43A, 1 45B, 1 69A, 1 69 D, 1 70C
February-March. Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation dacite porphyry buttes; elevation
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
300-820 meters. 1 00-300 meters.
rences. Threatened by sand m i n i ng and
Shrub (evergreen), blooms u rbanization. See Erythea 8 : 1 0 1 ( 1 938) Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms March.
December-May. for original descri ption.
Known only from Hollister Peak. Poten­
See Four Seasons 2(2): 1 3 ( 1 967) for origi­ tially threatened by urban ization. See
nal description . Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry Four Seasons 9(2):60 ( 1 992) for original
ssp. decumbens Wells description.

" Ri ncon manzanita" Ericaceae

List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Sonoma
501 A, 50 1 B, 5 1 8B, 5 1 9A
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F RA R E A N D E N DA N G E R E D P LA N TS 81

Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pu rsh) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. Arenaria congesta N utt. var.
Li n d i . ssp. eastwoodiana Wells marmens1s charlestonensis M agui re
" Eastwood's manzanita" Ericaceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of A. "Charleston sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 uva-ursi; a common taxon List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Santa Barbara San Bernardino; Nevada
1 70A, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 7 1 A, 1 96B Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. Pinyon and juniper wood land (sandy);
suborbiculata elevation 2200-2225 meters.
Chaparral ( maritime, sandy); elevation
90-365 meters. Considered but rejected: a synonym of A. Perenn ial herb, blooms J une.
uva-ursi; a common taxon
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March. Known i n California only from the New
Threatened by urbanization. See Madrano York Mtns.; need quads. See Bulletin ofthe
1 9(6): 1 97 ( 1 968) for original description. Arctostaphylos virgata Eastw. Torrey Botanical Club 73(3 ):326 ( 1 946) for
" Mari n manzanita" Ericaceae original descri ption.

Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pu rsh ) List 1 B / RED 2-2-3

Mari n Arenaria howellii
Li n d i . ssp. insulicola Wells
467A, 467B, 467E, 484C, 485C, 485D See Minuartia howellii
"island manzanita" Ericaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3 Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, North Coast Arenaria kingii ssp. compacta
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
coniferous forest / sandstone or granitic; Considered but rejected: too common
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / elevation 60-700 meters.
rocky; elevation 90-520 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms Arenaria lanuginosa ( M ichx. )
Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-March .
December-Ju ne. Rohrb ssp. saxosa (Gray) Magu ire
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Possibly threatened by feral herbivores. rences. Threatened by fi re su ppression. "rock sandwort" Caryophyllaceae
See Madrano 1 9(6): 1 98 ( 1 968) for origi­ See Trees and Shrubs 1 : 203 ( 1 905) for List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
nal description. original descri ption. San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja California,
New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Arctostaphylos vi ridissima ( Eastw. ) 1 05A, 1 05C, 1 05D
Li n d i . ssp. subcordata ( Eastw. ) McMinn Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
Wel ls tane coniferous forest / mesic, sandy;
"wh ite-haired manzan ita" Ericaceae elevation 1 800-2600 meters.
"Santa Cruz Island manzan ita" Ericaceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
Santa Cruz Island
Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island, San See Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / 5(6): 1 8 ( 1 853) for original descri ption,
Luis Obispo?, Santa Rosa Island usually shale, rocky; elevation 1 00-500 and American Midland Naturalist 46( 2):498
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / meters. ( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
rocky; elevation 1 00-730 meters. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-Apri l. Decem ber-May.
Arenaria macradenia Wats. var.
Does plant occur i n San Luis Obispo Possi bly th reatened by feral herbivores.
County? Possi bly threatened by feral her­
kuschei ( Eastw. ) M agui re
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 :62 ( 1 933)
bivores. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 6 1 for original descri ption, and Illustrated "Kusche's sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
( 1 933 ) for original descri ption, and Manual ofCalifornia Shrubs, p. 4 1 9 ( 1 939) List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Madrano 1 9( 6 ) : 1 98 ( 1 968) for revised by H . McMinn for revised nomenclature. Los Angeles
nomenclature.
1 63A, 1 63B
Arctostaphylos wellsii Kn ight Chaparral (openings, granitic); elevation
Arctostaphylos truei 1 220-1 695 meters.
"Wel ls's manzanita" Ericaceae
See Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 Perennial herb, blooms J une-J uly.
San Luis Obispo Known from approximately five occur­
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ssp. 220B, 220C, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 221 D, 222A, rences. Possi bly threatened by land man­
monoens1s 246B, 270C agement activities, road mai ntenance,
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA. Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / and vehicles. See Proceedings ofthe Califor­
uva-ursi; a common taxon sandstone; elevation 30-400 meters. nia Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 40 ( 1 93 1 )
for origi nal descri ption, and Crossosoma
Shrub (evergreen), blooms 22(2 ): 65-71 ( 1 996) for i nformation on
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. December-Apri l . rediscovery.
leobreweri Threatened by u rbanization. See Madrano
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA. 1 9(6) : 1 92-2 1 0 ( 1 968) for original
uva-ursi; a common taxon description, and Four Seasons 8(3 ) : 1 2-1 6
( 1 989) for revised nomenclature.
82 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Arenaria paludicola Rob. Argyrochosma limitanea ( M axon) Amica cemua H owell

"marsh sandwort" Caryophyl laceae Wi nd ham var. limitanea "serpentine arnica" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 "cloak fern " Pteridaceae Llst 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
State Endangered/Federal List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Endangered San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Oregon
Los Angeles * , Mendocino, San Bernar­ New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Utah Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
d i no*, Santa Cruz*, San Francisco* , San 2250 penti n ite); elevation 500-1 920 meters.
Luis Obispo; Wash i ngton* Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (carbon­
1 07D*, 2 2 1 D, 408 D*, 466C*, 585D ate, rocky); elevation 1 800-1 800 meters. April-J u ly.
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile Possibly threatened by logging.
( freshwater); elevation 3-1 70 meters. Apri I-October.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Known in California only from the New Amica dealbata
May-August. York Mtns. See American Fernjournal 9: 70 Considered but rejected : too common
Known from only two occurrences at ( 1 9 1 9) for original descri ption, Madrano
I nglenook Fen (Mendocino County) and 25(1 ):55 ( 1 978) for fi rst California col­
Black Lake Cyn. (San Luis Obispo Coun­ lection, Phytologia 41 ( 6):43 1 -43 7 ( 1 979) Amica fu lgens Pursh.
ty). Threatened by development, erosion, for nomenclature, and American Fernjour­ " h i l lside arn ica" Asteraceae
and non-native plants. See Proceedings of nal 77:37-41 ( 1 987) for revised nomen­ List 2 / RED 2-2-1
the California Academy ofNatural Sciences clature.
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou?; Neva­
3 : 6 1 ( 1 863) for original description. da, Oregon , Washington, and elsewhere
Aristocapsa insignis (Curran ) Rev. 590D, 642 B, 642D, 659C, 659D, 673A,
Arenaria rosei & Hard ham 674B, 674C, 6740, 675A, 6750, 684A?,
See Minuartia rosei " I ndian Valley spineAower" Polygonaceae 691A, 691 D, 693B, 693C, 707C, 7 1 0C,
71 1 D, 726A
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Arenaria ursina Rob. Monterey, San Lu is Obispo Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
" Big Bear Val ley sandwort" Caryophyllaceae 244B, 244C, 245A, 270C, 293C, 295B elevation 1 495-2 700 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Cismontane woodland (sandy); elevation
Federal Threatened 300-600 meters.
San Bernardino Annual herb, blooms May-September.
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0 Threatened by development. See Bulletin
Pebble (pavement) plain, pinyon and ofthe California Academy ofSciences 1 :275
j u n i per wood land / mesic, rocky; ( 1 885) for origi nal descri ption, Great
elevation 1 800-2900 meters. Basin Naturalist Memoirs 2 : 1 69-1 90 ( 1 978)
for taxonomic treatment, and Phytologia
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. 66(2): 83-88 ( 1 989) for revised nomen­
Known only from the vicinity of Big Bear clatu re and taxonomic treatment.
and Baldwin lakes in the San Bernardino
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, develop­
ment, grazing, foot traffic, and trampl ing.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 29:294 ( 1 894) for original
description.

Argemone munita ssp. robusta

Considered but rejected : a synonym of A.
munita; a common taxon

Arenaria paludicola
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 83

Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Artemisia nesiotica Raven Asclepias giffordii

May-August. Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
" island sagebrush" Asteraceae
Occurrence from Siskiyou County ( 684A)
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
speciosa; a common taxon
may be erroneous. Threatened by grazing
and wetlands modification. Sim ilar to A. Santa Barbara Island , San Clemente
Island, San Nicolas Island Asclepias nyctaginifolia Gray
sororia. See Rhodora 90: 24S-2 75 ( 1 988)
for taxonomic treatment. Coastal scrub (rocky), valley and footh ill " M ojave m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae
grassland; elevation 5-1 75 meters. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Arnica sororia Shrub (evergreen ), blooms San Bernardi no; Arizona, Nevada, New
April-September. Mexico
Considered but rejected: too common
Possibly threatened by non-native plants. 1 99B, 1 99C, 224C, 249C
Recovering on San Clemente Island after Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and juni per
Arnica spathulata Greene removal of feral herbivores. See Aliso woodland; elevation 1 000-1 700 meters.
" Klamath arnica" Asteraceae 5(3):341 ( 1 963) for original descri ption.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Artemisia palmeri Gray Arts and Sciences 1 2 :69 ( 1 876) for original
Oregon
"San Diego sagewort" Asteraceae descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Botanical Garden 41 : 1 55-1 56 ( 1 954) for
pentinite ); elevation 1 000-1 800 meters. taxonomic treatment.
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Chaparral, coastal scrub, riparian scrub,
May-August. Asclepias solanoana Woodson
riparian woodland / sandy, mesic;
elevation 1 5-9 1 5 meters. "serpentine m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae
Arnica tomentella Shrub (deciduous), blooms List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Considered but rejected: taxonomic May-September. Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendoci no, Napa,
problem, but needs reevaluation
Threatened by development and flood Shasta, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo
control projects. Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
Arnica venosa Hall montane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
"Shasta County arnica" Asteraceae Asarum marmoratum Piper elevation 230-1 860 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 "marbled wild-ginger" Aristolochiaceae Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Shasta, Tri nity List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1 Not common where it occurs. Threat­
Cismontane woodland, lower montane Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon ened by grazing, veh icles, loggi ng, m i n­
coniferous forest / often in distu rbed i ng, and geothermal development. See
699D, 738A, 739A Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
areas; elevation 400-1 490 meters.
Lower montane con i ferous forest; and Sciences 1 0:76 ( 1 874) for original
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
elevation 200-1 800 meters. description, and Madroiio 24( 3 ) : 1 S9-1 77
May-June.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms ( 1 977) for information on floral ecology.
Threatened by loggi ng. Some plants seem
April-August.
i ntermediate to A. discoidea.
See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of Aspidotis carlotta-halliae (Wagn . &
Washington 29:99 ( 1 9 1 6) for original Gilb. ) Lel l i nger
Arnica viscosa Gray descri ption, and Brittonia 42( 1 ):33-37
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment. "Carlotta Hall's lace fern" Pteridaceae
"Mt. Shasta arn i ca" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Alameda, Monterey, Marin , San Benito,
Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon Asclepias asperula ( Dene. )
San Lu is Obispo
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Woodson ssp. asperula
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / gen­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation "antelope-horns" Asclepiadaceae erally serpentinite; elevation 1 00-1 400
1 705-2745 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
August-September. New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas, January-December.
Endangered in Oregon . See Proceedings of Utah, and elsewhere Fertile hybrid between A. californica and A.
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and densa; sometimes backcrosses. See Ameri­
1 3 :374 ( 1 878) for original description . j u n i per woodland / rocky; elevation canjournal ofBotany 44:738 ( 1 957) for orig­
9 1 5-2 1 95 meters. inal description, and American Fernjournal
Artemisia cana ssp. bolanderi Perennial herb, blooms May-September. 58: 1 41 ( 1 968) for revised nomenclature.
Considered but rejected : too common See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
41 : 1 93 ( 1 954) for revised nomenclature.
Artemisia m ichauxiana
Considered but rejected: too common Asclepias cryptoceras ssp.
cryptoceras
Considered but rejected : not in California
84 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Asplenium septentrionale ( L. ) Asplenium vespertinum Maxon Seriously threatened by marsh habitat

Hoffm . alteration and loss. l ntergrades i nto A.
"western spleenwort" Aspleniaceae chilensis. USFWS uses the name A. chilensis
"northern spleenwort" Aspleniaceae List 4 I RED 1 -2-2 var. lentus. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 1 80 ( 1 894)
Shasta, Tehama, Tulare; Arizona, Baja Bernardi no, San Diego, Ventura; Baja by E. Greene for original description.
California, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, California
Utah, and elsewhere Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal Aster paludicola
33 1 A, 626A, 643C, 644D scrub / rocky; elevation 1 80-1 000 meters. Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile occidentalis var. yosemitanus; a common
forest, subalpine con iferous forest, upper February-June. taxon
montane coniferous forest / rocky, See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
granitic; elevation 1 6 1 5-3350 meters. 27: 1 97 ( 1 900) for original description. Aster peirsonii
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile Considered but rejected : too common
J u ly-August. Asplenium viride
Known in California from fewer than ten See Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Astragalus agnicidus Barneby
occurrences. On review list in Idaho, and
endangered i n Oregon . See Madrofio " H u m boldt m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
25(4):232 ( 1 978) for distributional Aster brickellioides var. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
information. brickellioides State Endangered
Considered but rejected: too common; a H u m boldt, Mendocino
Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp. synonym of A. brickellioides
5688, 61 7A, 635D
trichomanes Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
Aster chilensis var. lentus
"maidenhair spleenwort" Aspleniaceae coniferous forest / disturbed areas;
See Aster lentus elevation 1 95-750 meters.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Del Norte; Arizona, Idaho*, New Mexico, Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Oregon, Wash ington, and elsewhere Aster greatae Parish Rediscovered in 1 987 by R. Sutherland,
740D "Greata's aster" Asteraceae R. Bittman, and K. Berg near M i randa;
Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky); List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 known from only four occurrences.
elevation 1 85-200 meters. Los Angeles Threatened by grazing and logging. See
Madroflo 1 4( 1 ):37-40 ( 1 957) for origi nal
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile 1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09B, 1 1 0A, 1 1 0B, 1 1 0C, description, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 3- 1 4
May-J u ly. 1 1 1 A, 1 34C, 1 35A, 1 35B, 1 35 D, 1 3 6A, ( 1 988) for discussion o f red iscovery and
Known i n California only !Tom near 1 3 6C, 1 36 D, 1 37C, 1 3 7D 20(4) : 2 1 -22 ( 1 992) for management
Hiouchi. Extirpated in Idaho. See Madroflo Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, update.
29( 1 ):57 ( 1 982) for first California record . cismontane woodland, lower montane
con i ferous forest, riparian woodland /
mesic; elevation 300-201 0 meters.
Astragalus agrestis G. Don
Asplenium trichomanes­
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms "pu rple m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
ramosum L. List 2 / RED 3-2-1
June-October.
"green spleenwort" Aspleniaceae Lassen , Sierra; I daho, Nevada, New Mex­
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 ofSciences 1 : 1 5 ( 1 902) for original descrip­ ico, Oregon, Utah, Washington ,
Sierra; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah, tion, and Phytologia 71 (3) : 1 67-1 70 ( 1 99 1 ) Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere
Washington, and elsewhere for nomenclatural correction. 5 70A, 657B, 658A, 658D
5 72C Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
Subalpine coniferous forest (rocky, carbon­ Aster lentus Greene vernally mesic; elevation 1 560- 1 650
ate or granitic); elevation 2050 meters. meters.
"Suisun Marsh aster" Asteraceae
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile Perennial herb, blooms April-July.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
June-August. Known in California only from five occur­
Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento, San
Known in Cal i fornia only from the Sierra Joaq uin, Solano rences on the Madeline Plains. See Memoirs
Buttes. Endangered i n I daho and Ore­ ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 6 1 8-622
463A, 479B, 479C, 480A, 480B, 480C, ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
gon. See Madroflo 1 2(4): 1 28 ( 1 953) for
480D, 48 1 B, 48 1 C, 481 D, 482A, 482B,
first Californ ia record. 482C, 482D, 483A, 483D, 498D, 500D
Marshes and swamps (brackish and Astragalus albens Green e
freshwater); elevation 0-3 meters. "Cushen bury m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
May-November. Federal Endangered
San Bernardi no
1 30C, 1 3 1 8, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 85

Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean Threatened by grazing a n d trampli ng; Astragalus breweri Gray
desert scrub, pi nyon and juniper wood­ BLM wil l fence both Lassen Cou nty
land I carbonate or granitic; elevation occurrences. See Memoirs ofthe New York "Brewer's milk-vetch" Fabaceae
1 095-2000 meters. Botanical Garden 1 3 : 626-628 ( 1 964) for List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May. revised nomenclature. Colusa, Lake, Mendocino, Mari n, Napa,
Sonoma, Yolo
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by carbonate mining Astragalus atratus Wats. var. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­
and vehicles. See Bulletin ofthe California ows and seeps, valley and footh i l l grass­
mensanus Jones
Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 56 ( 1 885) for origi­ land / often serpentin ite, volcanic;
" Darwin Mesa m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae elevation 90-730 meters.
nal description, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ):20-21
( 1 988) for discussion of mining threats. List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
I nyo Populations have been lost to develop­
Astragalus allochrous Gray var. 304B, 304C, 304D, 349D ment and road construction. See System­
playanus U ones ) l sely Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ atic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-3 79 ( 1 992) for
land", pinyon and jun iper woodland / distributional information.
"playa m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae volcanic clay, gravel ly; elevation
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 1 340-23 1 5 meters. Astragalus californicus
San Bernardino; Arizona, New Mexico, Perennial herb, blooms April-June. Considered but rejected : too common
Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
Threatened by grazing. See Memoirs ofthe
1 73B, 1 74A New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :473 ( 1 964) Astragalus calycosus var. calycosus
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation for taxonomic treatment.
Considered but rejected: too common
800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April . Astragalus austinae
Astragalus casei
Known in California only from two occur­ Considered but rejected : too common
rences near Goffs. I ncludes A. wootoni var. Considered but rejected : too common
wootoni. See Contributions to Western Botany
8:6 ( 1 898) for original description. Astragalus bicristatus Gray
Astragalus cimae J on es var. cimae
"crested m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
"Cima m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
Astragalus anxius M e i n ke & Kaye List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no
"Ash Valley m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae San Bernard ino; Nevada
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
200A, 200B, 200C, 2 0 1 A, 201 B, 201 D,
montane coniferous forest / sandy or
Lassen 224C, 225D, 226A, 226B, 226D
rocky; elevation 1 700-2745 meters.
675C, 676D Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper land", pinyon and juniper woodland /
Possi bly threatened by m i n i ng and clay; elevation 890-1 850 meters.
woodland, upper montane coniferous veh icles.
forest / volcanic; elevation 1 550-1 645 Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
meters. Known in California from fewer than
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Astragalus brau ntonii Parish twenty occurrences. Threatened by graz­
Protected in part by Ash Valley RNA "Brau nton 's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae ing. On watch list i n Nevada. See Memoirs
(BLM ). See Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988) List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 505-508
for brief species accou nt (as A. tegetari­ ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Federal Endangered
oides) and BLM management plans, and Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura
Madrano 39(3): 1 93-204 ( 1 992) for origi­ Astragalus cimae J o nes var.
nal description. 87C, 87D, 1 09B, 1 1 OA, 1 1 1 B, 1 1 1 C*,
1 1 1 D* , 1 1 2B, 1 1 2C*, 1 1 2D, 1 1 3A, 1 38D sufflatus Barneby
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, "inflated m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Astragalus argophyllus T. & G var.
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland / List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
argophyllus recent bums or disturbed areas, usually I nyo
"si lver-leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae carbonate; elevation 4-640 meters.
327D, 349A, 349C, 350D, 3 9 1 C
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 Perennial herb, blooms March-July.
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, Known from fewer than ten extant occur­ woodland I carbonate, rocky; elevation
Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere rences, with fewer than 300 total plants 1 500-2075 meters.
41 3A, 41 3B, 432C, 638D as of 1 997. Threatened by development
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
and alteration of local fire regimes. See
Meadows and seeps, playas / alkal ine or Known only from the Saline Valley area.
sal ine; elevation 1 240-2350 meters.
Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Sciences 2 :26-27 ( 1 903) for original See Aliso 2(3):208 ( 1 950) for original
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. descri ption, and Fremontia 1 9(3):6-7 descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
( 1 99 1 ) for species account. Botanical Garden 1 3 : 505-509 ( 1 964) for
taxonomic treatment.
 ,_

86 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Astragalus clarianus J e ps. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­ Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May.
an scru b / serpentinite seeps; elevation Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
"Clara H u nt's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae 200-1 500 meters.
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3 rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September. ment. See North American Flora 24:355
State Threatened/Federal ( 1 92 9 ) for origi nal descri ption, and
Endangered Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
Napa, Sonoma Astragalus congdonii
1 3 :845-846 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
Considered but rejected : too common treatment.
500B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
land, valley and footh i l l grassland / ser­ Astragalus crotalariae ( Benth . ) Astragalus didymocarpus H . & A
pentinite, volcan ic, rocky, clay; elevation Gray var. m ilesianus ( Rydb.) J eps.
75-275 meters. "Salton m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae " M i les's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Annual herb, blooms March-May. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Known from only four occurrences. I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Ventu ra
Threatened by urbanization, recreational Baja California
development, and non-native p lants; 1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 44B, 1 69B, 1 70B, 1 94C,
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or gravelly); 1 94D, 220D, 246B, 246C, 247A, 247B,
largest known population covered by elevation 60-250 meters.
dredge material in 1 990. See Manual ofthe 247D
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 578 ( 1 925) Perenn ial h erb, blooms January-Apri l . Coastal scrub (clay); elevation 20-90
by W. L. Jepson for original description, meters.
and Systematic Botany 1 7(3):367-379 Astragalus deanei ( Ryd b. ) Barneby Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
( 1 992) for distri butional information.
" Dean's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Threatened by development. See Bulletin
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 53(3 ) : 1 69
Astragalus clevelandii Greene San Diego ( 1 926) for original description, and Flora
"Cleveland's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):376-377 ( 1 936) by W.L.
9A, 9B, 9C, 1 0 B, 1 1 A, 20B, 2 1 C, 2 1 D Jepson for revised nomenclature.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Chaparral, coastal scrub, riparian scrub;
Colusa, Lake, Napa, San Benito, Tehama, elevation 75-670 meters.
Yolo Astragalus douglasii var. parishii
Considered but rejected : too common

Astragalus douglasii (T. & G . ) Gray

var. perstrictus ( Rydb. ) M u nz
"Jacu m ba m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 8D, 9A, 1 9D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothi l l grassland / rocky; elevation
900-1 3 70 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.

Astragalus ertterae Barneby &

Shevock
"Walker Pass m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-1 -3
Kern
259A
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (sandy,
granitic); elevation 1 705-1 900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in California from only three
occurrences near Walker Pass. See Aliso
Astragalus ertterae 1 1 (4): 585-588 ( 1 987) fo r original
description.

Astragalus funereus J ones

"black m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
I nyo, Nevada
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 87

326B, 368A, 368D, 369C Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Mono; Nevada
Mojavean desert scrub (sometimes car­ erous forest, pinyon and j un iper wood­ 433 B, 433C, 433 D, 434A, 486C, 487D
bonate, gravel ly, clay, or rocky); elevation land / often disturbed areas; elevation
Great Basin scrub (sandy loam ) ;
1 280-1 500 meters. 950-1 8SO meters.
elevation 2040-2530 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-August.
Known in California from only five occur­ Threatened by grazing, vehicles, and min­
rences. On watch list in Nevada. See Con­ Astragalus inyoensis Sheld. i ng. Usually found in swales i n vicinity of
tributions to Western Botany 1 2: 1 1 -1 2 " I nyo m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae former or present hot springs activity. See
( 1 908) for original description, and Mem­ Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8( 5): 1 24-1 25
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3: ( 1 957) for original description, and Mem­
686-688 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. I nyo, Mono; Nevada
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3:
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per 467-468 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
wood land / mostly volcanic, sometimes
Astragalus geyeri Gray var. geyeri carbonate; elevation 1 500-3050 meters.
"Geyer's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
List 2 / R E D 3-2-1 danaus ( Barneby) Barneby
Known in Cal ifornia only from the White
Inyo, Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, and I nyo mountains. Potentially threat­ "Sweetwater Mou ntains m i l k-vetch "
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and ened by mining. On watch list in Nevada. Fabaceae
elsewhere See Contributions from the U.S. National List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
372B, 41 1 B, 41 2D, 602A, 602B, 602D, Herbarium 4:86 ( 1 893) for original Alpine, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne
620B, 620C, 6 2 1 A, 621 D desciption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub / Botanical Garden 1 3 :483-484 ( 1 964) for coni ferous forest ( rocky, tal us); elevation
sandy; elevation 1 1 60-1 550 meters. taxonomic treatment.
3000-3660 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August. Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
State-listed as Sensitive in Washington . Astragalus iodanthus Wats. var.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5 : 1 54 ( 1 951 )
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­ diaphanoides Barneby for revised nomenclature, and Memoirs of
den 1 3 :894-895 ( 1 964) for taxonomic "transparent m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :362-363
treatment. List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Astragalus gilmanii Tides. Utah Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var.
"Gil man's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub elatus Wats.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 (sandy, clay); elevation 1 200-1 405
"spiny- leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
I nyo; Nevada meters.
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
302A, 302C, 302D, 324C, 325D, 368A Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
I nyo; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper Not in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
372A, 41 2 B
woodland / gravelly or rocky; elevation Western Botany 4( 4 ):SO ( 1 944) for original
descri ption. Su balpine coniferous forest ( rocky,
2000-3050 meters. sometimes carbonate); elevation 3000
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. meters.
Astragalus jaegerianus M u nz
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Proceedings Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
ofthe Biological Society of Washington 50:20 " Lane Mou ntain m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
( 1 937) for original description. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 1 3:367 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Federal Endangered
Astragalus insularis Kel l . var. San Bernard ino Astragalus lemmonii Gray
harwoodii M unz & McBurn. 206A, 206B, 206C
" Lemmon's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
" Harwood's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 desert scrub / gran itic, sandy or gravel ly;
Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Plumas, Sierra;
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, elevation 900-1 200 meters.
Nevada, Oregon
Sonora (Mexico) Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-June.
433C, 434A, 434D, 570B, 5 7 1 A, 587D,
6B, 1 3 D, 1 8 B, 1 9A, 30A, 3 1 C, 33B, 58C, Known from only four occurrences, 660A, 67SC, 676D, 7 1 2A
59C, 6 1 A, 61 D totalling fewer than 200 plants. Threat­
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
Desert d unes (sandy or gravel ly); ened by mining and vehicles, and possi­
marshes and swamps ( lake shores);
elevation 0-300 meters. bly by Army activities at Ft. Irwin ( DOD).
elevation 1 280-2200 meters.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 3 :49-80
Annual herb, bloomsJanuary-May. ( 1 941 ) for original descri ption. Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by land conversion and
Astragalus inversus Jones
Astragalus johannis-howellii pipeline construction. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
"Susanvi lle m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Barne by 8:627 ( 1 873) for original description,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
" Long Valley milk-vetch " Fabaceae
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 den 1 3 : 1 1 09-1 1 1 1 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
State Rare
88 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Astragalus lentiformis Gray Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Known from eight occurrences near Fish
rences in the Coachella Valley. Protected in Slough, totalling about 3200 individual
" l ens-pod m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae part i n Coachella Valley Preserve System. plants as of 1 992. Threatened by fisheries
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3 Threatened by urbanization, vehicles, and development, hydrological alteration,
Plu mas wind energy development. See Memoirs of agriculture, tram pling and grazing, and
586B, 586C, 587A, 587B, 587C, 588A, the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 9 5 1 -952 veh icles. Protected in part at Fish Slough
588D, 603C, 604D ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. ACEC ( BLM ). See Brittonia 29:376-381
( 1 977) for original descri ption.
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest / volcanic, sandy; elevation Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
1 460-1 9 1 0 meters. kernensis U eps. ) Barneby Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly. semotus
" Kern Plateau m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Threatened by road maintenance. List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 Considered but rejected : too common
I nyo, Tulare; Nevada
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. 306B, 306C, 307D, 329C, 330D, 394A Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
antonius Barneby Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
sesq uimetralis ( Ryd b. ) Barne by
"San Antonio m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae ous forest / sandy; elevation 2350-2750 "Sodavi l le m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Los Angeles, San Bernard i no Perenn ial herb, bloomsJu ne-J u ly. State Endangered
1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35A See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden I nyo; Nevada
1 3 : 929 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. 390A
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation Meadows and seeps (alkaline); elevation
1 500-2600 meters. Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. 955-965 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. m icans Barneby Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J uly.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 4( 5): 1 00 "sh i n i ng m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
( 1 945) for original description, and Mem­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 rence at Big Sand Spring, in Death Val ley
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3: I nyo NP. Only two occurrences known in Neva­
926-927 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. da, both on private land. Most of Califor­
390C, 391 A, 391 D nia occurrence protected by new fencing
Desert dunes; elevation 850-1 1 75 errected by BLM i n 1 996; u nfenced por­
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. meters. tion sti ll threatened by trampling and
borreganus J ones vehicles. State-listed as Critically Endan­
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-June.
" Borrego m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae gered in Nevada. See North American Flora
Known only from dunes in Eureka Valley,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 24:41 4 ( 1 929) for origi nal description,
within Death Val ley NP. Habitat previously
and Brittonia 29:3 76-381 ( 1 977) for dis­
I mperial, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San degraded by vertical traffic; populations
cussion of California occurrence.
Diego; Arizona, Baja California, Nevada, recovering well, but stil l threatened by ver­
Sonora (Mexico) tical trespass, foot traffic, and recreation,
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert and possibly by non-native Russian thistle. Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
scrub / sandy; elevation 30-270 meters. Recovery plan has been completed by sierrae Jones
BLM. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8(1 ):22
Annual h erb, blooms February-May. ( 1 956) for original description, Memoirs of "Big Bear Valley m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­ the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:952-953 List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
den 1 3 :953-954 ( 1 964) for revised ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment, and Bio­ San Bernard ino
nomenclature. logical Conservation 46:21 7-242 ( 1 988) for 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
population biology.
Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and
Astragalus lentiginosus var. seeps, pi nyon and juniper woodland,
chartaceus Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. upper montane con iferous forest / grav­
Considered but rejected: not in California piscinensis Barneby elly or rocky; elevation 1 800-2600
meters.
"Fish Slough m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-August.
coachellae F. S hreve & Wiggins Federal Threatened
Known only from Big Bear Valley and the
Baldwin Lake region, where it is threat­
" Coachella Valley m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae I nyo, Mono ened by urbanization. See Revision ofNorth
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 41 3B, 41 3C, 432A, 432C American Species ofAstragalus, p. 1 24 ( 1 923)
Federal Endangered Playas (alkaline); elevation 1 1 30-1 300 by M . E. Jones for original description,
Riverside meters. and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 :925 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
82B, 82C, 82D, 83A, 83B, 83D, 1 04D Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
60-655 meters.
Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
February-May.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 89

Astragalus leucolobus Jones Perennial herb, blooms March-J uly. Known from approximately five occur­
Blooms intermittently throughout the rences. See Aliso 4: 1 3 1 ( 1 958) for original
" Big Bear Valley wool lypod" Fabaceae description, Memoirs ofthe New York Botani­
year. See Pittonia 1 :33 ( 1 887) for original
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 cal Garden 1 3:967-968 ( 1 964) for taxo­
descri ption.
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no, nomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
San Diego? 8( 4 ):423 ( 1 983) for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus mohavensis Wats. var.
65C, 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C,
1 3 1 D, 1 34B, 1 34C, 1 34D hemigyrus (Clokey) Barneby
Astragalus nevinii Gray
Lower montane coniferous forest, pebble "curved-pod milk-vetch" Fabaceae
"San Clemente Island milk-vetch" Fabaceae
(pavement) plain, pi nyon and juniper List 1 A
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
woodland, u pper montane coniferous I nyo* ; Nevada
forest I rocky; elevation 1 750-2665 San Clemente Island
327D*
meters. SCMC, SCMN
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley and
desert scrub / carbonate; elevation
Does plant occur in San Diego Cou nty? foothill grassland; elevation 5-225
1 250-1 600 meters.
Threatened by development and vehicles. meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-J uly.
Known i n California from o n e record
Astragalus macrodon ( H. & A.) Known from fewer than twenty occur­
from Darwin Mesa in 1 941 . Field work
Gray rences. Reduced by feral herbivores; feral
needed . State-listed as Critically Endan­
goats now removed from the island .
"Salinas m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae gered i n Nevada, where collection in
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
1 985 was fi rst since 1 939. See Madroiio
6(7):220 ( 1 942 ) for original description, Astragalus nutans Jones
Kern, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Aliso 2:207 ( 1 950) for revised nomencla­
Obispo " Providence Mou ntains m i l k-vetch"
ture, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Fabaceae
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­ Garden 1 3 : 1 025 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
land, valley and footh i l l grassland / sand­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
treatment.
stone, shale, or serpentinite; elevation I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino
250-950 meters. Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
Astragalus monoensis Barneby var.
Perennial herb, blooms April-July. desert scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
monoensis land, Sonoran desert scru b / sandy or
"Mono m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae gravel ly; elevation 450-1 950 meters.
Astragalus magdalenae Greene var.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Annual herb, blooms March-October.
peirsonii ( M u nz & McBurn . )
State Rare
Barne by
Mono Astragalus nuttallii (T. & G . ) J .T.
" Peirson's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
433C, 434A, 434B, 45 1 C, 452A, 452B, Howel l var. nuttallii
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 452C, 453D
State Endangered/Federal
" N uttall's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Threatened erous forest I pum ice, gravelly or sandy;
I mperial, San Diego( * ? ) ; Arizona, Baja Alameda*, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
elevation 2 1 1 0-3355 meters.
Cal i fornia, Sonora (Mexico) San Francisco*, San Luis Obispo, San
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. Mateo
2A, 2B, 1 3C, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D, 27C, 28A,
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes;
28D, 30A, 30D, 47D( * ? )
rences. Threatened by road maintenance, elevation 3-1 20 meters.
Desert dunes; elevation 55-250 meters. vehicles, and sheep grazing. See Leaflets of
Perennial herb, bloomsJan uary­
Perennial herb, blooms Decem ber-April. Western Botany 4:55 ( 1 944) for original
November.
Known i n California from fewer than description, and Systematic Botany 8(4):423
( 1 983) for revised nomenclature. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5( 6): 1 07
twenty occurrences. Plant not seen in San ( 1 948) for revised nomenclature.
Diego Cou nty in several decades; extant
in San Diego County? Threatened by vehi­ Astragalus monoensis Barneby var.
cles in the Algodones Du nes. See Bulletin ravenii ( Barneby) Isley Astragalus oocarpus Gray
ofthe Southern California Academy ofSciences "San Diego m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
3 1 :67 ( 1 932) for original description, and "Raven's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3: 928 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. Fresno, I nyo, Mono San Diego
373A, 373B, 41 4B, 45 1 C 20A, 20B, 20D, 2 1 D, 33A, 33B, 33C,
33D, 34A, 49D
Astragalus miguelensis Greene Alpine boulder and rock field, upper
montane coniferous forest / gravel ly; Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
"San M iguel I sland m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae land; elevation 305-1 500 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 elevation 3355-3460 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-Septem ber. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island, Known from approxi mately twenty occur­
Santa Rosa Island rences. Threatened by development, road
maintenance, and recreation.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
coastal scrub; elevation 3-1 50 meters.
 ,,

90 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Astragalus oophorus Wats. var. Astragalus pauperculus Greene Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scru b /
lavinii Barneby clay; elevation 750-780 meters.
" depau perate m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
" Lavi n 's m i l k-vetch" List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 Butte, Placer, Shasta, Tehama, Yu ba Known i n California from only one or
Mono; Nevada two occurrences. Field work needed . See
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
487C, 487D and foothill grassland / vernally mesic, and Sciences 6:222 ( 1 864) for original
volcanic; elevation 60-855 meters. description, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Great Basin scrub; elevation 2450-3050
meters. Annual herb, blooms March-June. Botanical Garden 1 3:575-576 (1 964) for
Perennial herb, bloomsJune. See Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-379 taxonomic treatment.
Known in Cal i fornia only from the Bodie
( 1 992) for distributional i nformation.
H i l ls. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Britto­ Astragalus pseudiodanthus
nia 36(2): 1 67-1 73 ( 1 984) for original Astragalus platytropis Gray Barne by
description.
"broad-keeled m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae "Tonopah m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Astragalus oophorus Wats. var. I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Mono; Nevada
oophorus Utah, and elsewhere 469B, 469D
"egg m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae 369B, 369C, 372A, 41 0C, 41 2B, 41 3A, Great Basin scrub (stabilized dunes);
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 488A, 488B, 488D, 489C elevation 2025-2075 meters.
I nyo, Mono; Nevada Alpine boulder and rock field , pinyon and Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper j un iper woodland, subalpine coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 2345-3550 Known i n Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
woodland, subalpine coniferous forest / occurrences. Threatened by grazi ng. See
gravelly or sandy; elevation 1 500-3 1 70 meters.
Leaflets of Western Botany 3:99 ( 1 942) for
meters. Perennial herb, blooms June-September. original descri ption, and Systematic
Perennial herb, blooms May. Threatened by grazing, tram pl ing, and Botany 8:422 ( 1 983) for alternate taxo­
See Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 73 vehicles. On review l ist i n Oregon. See nomic treatment as A. iodanthus var.
( 1 871 ) for original descri ption. Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts pseudiodanthus.
and Sciences 6:526 ( 1 865) for original
description, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Astragalus pachypus Greene var. Astragalus pulsiferae Gray var.
Botanical Garden 1 3:979-981 (1 964) for
jaegeri M u nz & McBurn ey taxonomic treatment. pulsiferae

"Jaeger's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae " Pulsifer's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae

Astragalus preussii Gray var. List 1 8 I RED 3-2-2
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Riverside, San Diego laxiflorus Gray Lassen, Plumas, Sierra; Nevada
48A, 48C, 49A, 49B, SOB, 67C, 84A, " Lancaster m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae 586A, 586C, 586D, 587D, 604C
84B, 84C, 85D List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2 Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, Los Angeles; Arizona, Nevada erous forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­ land I volcanic, sandy or rocky; elevation
1 6 1 A, 1 6 1 B 1 300-1 800 meters.
land / sandy or rocky; elevation 365-91 5
meters. Chenopod scrub; elevation 700-700 Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
meters.
Shrub, blooms December-June. Need q uads for Sierra County. Threat­
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. ened by development. On watch l ist i n
Known from about six occurrences; to be
looked for in northern San Diego County, Known in Cal iforn ia only from near Lan­ Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe American
west ofWarner Springs. Some habitat caster, where extremely rare; only report­ Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:69 ( 1 874)
probably lost d u ri ng creation ofVail ed once in recent years. Field work for original description, and Memoirs of
Lake; also threatened by urban ization. needed. See Proceedings ofthe American the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:970-972
See Bulletin ofthe Southern Academy ofSci­ Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 3:369 ( 1 878) (1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
ences 3 1 :67 (1 932) for original descrip­ for original description, and Memoirs of
tion, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:576 Astragalus pulsiferae Gray var.
Garden1 3:489 (1 964) for taxonomic ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
suksdorfii ( H owel l ) Barneby
treatment.
Astragalus preussii Gray var. "Su ksdorf's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Astragalus panamintensis preuss11
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta; Nevada,
Considered but rejected: too common " Preuss's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Oregon, Washi ngton
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
587B, 603C, 606B, 621 A, 624C, 625D,
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, 638B, 638C, 638D, 639A, 639B, 639C,
Utah 6408, 642C, 642D, 643A, 644A, 644D,
273C, 273D 656C, 657C, 675A, 676B, 676D, 692A,
6920
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 91

Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Astragalus rattani i Gray var. See Proceedings ofthe California Academy
erous forest, pinyon and j u n iper wood­ jepsonianus Barneby ofSciences I I 5 : 6 5 9 ( 1 89 5 ) for origi nal
land / volcan ic, clay, often gravelly or description, and Brittonia 36 ( 2 ) : 1 67-
rocky; elevation 1 300- 1 950 meters. "Jepson's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae 1 73 ( 1 984 ) for revised nomenclature.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama, Astragalus shevockii Barneby
On watch l ist in Nevada, and state-l ist­
Yolo
ed as Endangered in Washi ngton. See "Shevock's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Erythea 1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 893 ) for original descrip­ 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5320, 533C, 533 0,
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
tion, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical 547B, 547C, 548A, 564A, 5640, 6 1 2 B
Garden 1 3 :968-971 ( 1 964 ) for taxonomic Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
Tulare
treatment. and foothill grassland / often serpenti­ 307B, 308A
n ite; elevation 320-700 meters. Upper montane coniferous forest
Astragalus pycnostachyus Gray var. Annual herb, blooms April-J une. (granitic, sandy); elevation 1 890-1 965
lanosissimus ( Ryd b. ) M u nz & meters.
Most occu rrences small and widely scat­
McBurn. tered . See Aliso 4 : 1 3 7 ( 1 958 ) for original Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-July.
descri ption, Memoirs ofthe New York Botan­ See Brittonia 29:376-381 ( 1 977 ) for origi­
"Ventura marsh milk-vetch" Fabaceae ical Garden 1 3 : 1 0 5 2 ( 1 964 ) for taxonom­ nal description.
List: 1 B / RED 3-3-3 ic treatment, and Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ) :
State Endangered/Federal­ 3 6 7-3 7 9 ( 1 992 ) for d i stri butional i nfor­
proposed, Endangered mation. Astragalus subvestitus U eps.)
Los Angeles*, Orange * , Ventura Barne by
72A*, 90B*, 1 1 1 0* , 1 1 2 0 * , 1 1 4B, Astragalus rattanii Gray var. " Kern County m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
1 41 0* rattan i i List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Coastal d unes, marshes and swamps Kern, Tu lare
" Rattan's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
(edges, coastal salt); elevation 1 -3 5 Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
meters. pinyon and j u n i per woodland / gravelly
Colusa, Glenn, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendo­
Perennial herb, blooms June-October. or sandy; elevation 2450-2750 meters.
cino, Sonoma, Tehama, Trin ity
Rediscovered near Oxnard in 1 997; now Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
known from only one occurrence. Threat­ montane coniferous forest / gravelly See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ) :361 ( 1 936 ) by
ened by development. See North American stream banks; elevation 30-825 meters. W.L. Jepson for original description, and
Flora 24:357-358 ( 1 929 ) for original Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 :685-686 ( 1 964 ) for revised nomen­
descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York Perennial herb, blooms April-July.
Botanical Garden 1 3 :81 3 ( 1 964 ) for taxo­ See Systematic Botany 1 7( 3 ) :367-379 clature.
nomic treatment. ( 1 992 ) for distri b utional i nformation.
Astragalus tegetarioides
Astragalus pycnostachyus A. Gray Astragalus ravenii See Astragalus anxius
var. pycnostachyus See Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii
"coastal marsh m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae Astragalus tener Gray var. ferrisiae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Astragalus sepultipes Liston
H u m boldt*, Marin, San Mateo Considered but rejected: too common
" Ferris's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
409A ( * ? ) , 409B ( * ? ) , 429B, 429C, List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
467B*, 485C, 4850, 637B*, 672C* Astragalus serenoi var. serenoi Butte, Colusa*, Glenn, Solano*, Sutter*,
Coastal d u nes ( mesic), marshes and Considered but rejected: not in Californ ia Yolo*
swamps (coastal salt, streamsides);
497B*, 497C*, 4980*, 530B*, 544A*,
elevation 0-30 meters.
Astragalus serenoi ( Ku ntze) Sheld 546A* , 5460*, 560B, 5 6 1 A, 5 6 1 B,
Perennial herb, blooms April-October. var. shockleyi Uones) Barneby 562B, 577C, 593C*
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Meadows and seeps (vernally mesic), val­
Possibly threatened by cattle trampl ing "naked m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
ley and footh i l l grassland (subalkaline
and erosion. See Proceedings ofthe American List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Aats); elevation 5-75 meters.
Academy ofArts and Sciences 6:526 ( 1 865 ) I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
for original description, and Memoirs ofthe 350B, 350C, 3 9 1 B, 392B, 392C, 3920,
New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 8 1 1 -8 1 3 4 1 1 C, 41 1 0, 41 2 B, 4 1 2C, 43 1 A Rediscovered i n 1 989 by V. Oswald in
( 1 964 ) for taxonomic treatment. Butte Sink WA (OFG); known only from
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub, four extant occurrences. Most h istorical
pinyon and juniper wood land / alkal i ne, habitat destroyed by agriculture. See Brit­
granitic alluvium; elevation 1 500-22 5 0 tonia 42 ( 2 ) : 1 00-1 04 ( 1 990 ) for original
meters. description, and Systematic Botany
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly. 1 7(3 ):367-379 ( 1 992) for distributional
information.
92 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Astragalus tener Gray var. tener Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ly. Astragalus whitneyi Gray var.
"alkali m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Populations on Santa Barbara Island lenophyllus ( Ryd b.) Barne by
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 decli ned severely i n the late 1 980's. Possi­
bly th reatened by Navy activities on San "woolly-leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
Alameda, Contra Costa* , Merced, Mon­ Nicolas Island. See Proceedings ofthe Cali­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
terey*, Napa, San Benito*, Santa Clara*, fornia Academy ofSciences I l l 1 : 1 02 ( 1 898) Alpine, Butte, Nevada, Placer, Plumas,
San Francisco*, San Joaq u i n * , Solano, for original description, and Memoirs of Sierra
Sonoma*, Stanislaus*, Yolo the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :461 -463 Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
365B*, 385B*, 385C*, 403A, 423 B*, ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. coniferous forest ( rocky); elevation
423C, 423D, 424A* , 427B, 428A*, 2 1 35-3050 meters.
445B*, 447A*, 447B*, 447D*, 462A*,
463C*, 465A*, 465C*, 466A*, 466C*,
Astragalus tricarinatus Gray Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
466D*, 481 B, 481 D, 482A, 483A, 484B*, "tri ple-ribbed m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae See North American Flora 24(6):341 ( 1 929)
497B, 498A*, 498C, 498D, 499D*, List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 for original description, and Aliso 2(3):205
500D* , 51 3B, 5 1 3C, 51 4A*, 5 1 4D* ( 1 950) for revised nomenclature.
Federal Endangered
Playas, valley and footh ill grassland Riverside, San Bernard ino
(adobe clay), vernal pools / alkal ine; Astrolepis cochisensis
elevation 1 -60 meters. 64C, 65D, 83A, 83B, 1 04C, 1 04D
See Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis
Annual herb, blooms March-June. Joshua tree "woodland", Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
Last collection i n Bay Area from 1 95 9 . 450-830 meters. Astrolepis cochisensis (Good d . )
Threatened b y habitat destruction, espe­ Benham & Wi nd ham ssp.
cially agricultural conversion, and pro­ Perennial herb, blooms February-May.
tected only at J epson Prairie Preserve, Known from approximately eight occur­ cochisensis
Solano County. See Proceedings ofthe rences, totalling fewer than 1 00 plants. "scaly cloak fern" Pteridaceae
American Academy ofArts and Sciences Possibly threatened by pipeline mainte­ List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
6 : 206 ( 1 864) for origi nal description, nance and veh icles. San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
and Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-379 New Mexico, and elsewhere
( 1 992) for distri butional information.
Astragalus trichopodus var. 249C, 249D
lonchus Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
Astragalus tener Gray var. titi Considered but rejected: too common j u n i per woodland / carbonate; elevation
( Eastw. ) Barneby 900-1 800 meters.
"coastal d u nes m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Astragalus trichopodus var. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 trichopodus April-October.
State Endangered/Federal Considered but rejected: too common Need quad for occu rrence in the Provi­
Endangered dence Mtns. See Muhlenbergia 8 : 93 ( 1 9 1 2)
Los Angeles*, Monterey, San Diego(*?) for original description, Madrano 25(1 ):57
Astragalus u mbraticus Sheld. ( 1 978) for distributional information,
1 1 B*, 22B(*?), 36B( * ? ), 90A*, 1 1 2 D*,
" Bald Mou ntain m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Phytologia 41 (6):431 -437 ( 1 979) for
366C
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1 nomenclature, Americanjournal ofBotany
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy), coastal 75: 1 38 ( 1 988) for taxonomic discussion,
dunes, coastal prarie ( mesic); elevation Humboldt; Oregon
and American Fernjournal 82(2):57 ( 1 992)
1 -50 meters. 670B, 671 A, 671 B, 671 D, 687B, 687D, for revised nomenclature.
Annual herb, blooms March-May. 688B, 688D, 704C
Known from only one occurrence on the Cismontane woodland, lower montane Atractylocarpus flagellaceus ( C
Monterey Pen i nsula. San Diego County coniferous forest; elevation 1 50-1 250
meters. M u e l l . ) Wi l liams
occurrences have not been documented
since the 1 970's, despite rediscovery Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Dicranaceae
attempts in the 1 980's. Threatened by List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Possibly threatened by loggi ng. On watch
u rbanization, recreational activities, and l ist in Oregon. Trinity; and elsewhere
non-native plants. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey 668C
Botanical Club 3 2 : 1 95-1 96 ( 1 905) for
original description, and Memoirs ofthe Astragalus webberi Gray Cismontane woodland; elevation
New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 1 048 ( 1 964) 1 00-500 meters.
"Webber's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
for taxonomic treatment. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Moss.
Plumas, Sierra Known in California from only one occur­
Astragalus traskiae Eastw. rence near Helena. Disjunct from Mexico
605C, 605 D, 606D and South America. See Syn. Muse. Frond
"Trask's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae Lower montane coniferous forest; 2:597 ( 1 95 1 ) for original descri ption,
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 elevation 800- 1 220 meters. and The Bryologist 3 1 : 1 1 0 ( 1 928) for
State Rare Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. revised nomenclature.
Santa Barbara Island, San Nicolas Island Known from approximately ten occur­
SBRA, SNIC rences. Undocumented in Sierra County;
need quads. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 : 1 54
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u n es,
( 1 876) for original description.
coastal scrub; elevation 5-245 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 93

Atriplex argentea N utt. var. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Threatened by development, grazing, and
hillmanii J o n es Federal Endangered trampling. Closely related to A. minuscula
and A. parishii; a synonym of the latter in A
" H i l l man's silverscale" Chenopod iaceae Riverside
California Flora ( 1 959) by P. Munz. See Pit­
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 68A, 69A, 84C*, 85A, 85C, 85D tonia 2:304 ( 1 892) for original description.
Lassen, Modoc?, Plumas; Nevada, Oregon Playas, valley and footh i l l grassland
587D ( mesic), vernal pools / alkaline; elevation Atriplex erecticaulis Stutz, Chu &
380-500 meters.
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps I Sand erson
alkal ine; elevation 1 200-1 700 meters. Annual herb, blooms April-August.
" Earl i m art orache" Chenopod iaceae
Annual herb, blooms J une-September. Known from one extended but fragment­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
ed population in the San Jacinto Valley.
Does plant occur in Modoc County? Threatened by flood control, agriculture, Kings, Kern, Tulare
Need q uads for Lassen Cou nty. See Con­ urbanization, vehicles, and pipel ine con­ 264B, 287B, 287C, 288A, 288B, 288D,
tributions to Western Botany 1 1 : 2 1 (1 903) struction. See A Flora ofCalifornia 1 ( 4):437 3 1 2A
for original description. ( 1 9 1 4) by W.L. Jepson for original Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
descri ption. 40-1 00 meters.
Atriplex cordulata jeps.
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
"heartsca\e" Chenopod i aceae Atri p lex coulteri ( M og . ) D. D i etr.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 "Cou lter's saltbush" Chenopod iaceae 44( 1 ):89 ( 1 997) for original description.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Butte, Fresno, List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Glenn, Kings, Kern, Madera, Merced , San Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange, Atriplex gardneri ( M o g . ) D. Dietr
Joaq u i n * , Solano, Stan islaus*, Tulare, Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernar­
Yolo* var. falcata U o n es) Welsh
d i no, San Clemente Island , Santa Catali­
2 1 5B, 2 1 6A, 2 1 6C, 242A, 242D, 264B, na Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, "falcate saltbush" Chenopod iaceae
287B, 287C, 288A, 288B, 288C, 288D, San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island; List 2 / RED 2-2-1
334C, 359A* , 359B, 360A, 380C*, Baja Cal iforn ia Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
381 A*, 381 B, 381 D, 401 B*, 40 1 D* , 1 OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22C, 34A, 49D, 52B, Utah , Washington, Wyom i ng, a n d else­
403A, 403 B * , 403C*, 403D, 422C, 70C, 7 1 A, 71 B, 71 D, 85C, 87� 1 1 3D, where
423C, 423D, 424A* , 445B, 463C, 463D, 1 42A, 1 42B, 1 43A, 1 45B, 1 70C, ANAC, 620C, 6 2 1 A, 621 C, 638C, 639D, 640C,
464A, 48 1 A, 481 C, 481 0, 498D, 5 1 3C*, SCMC, SCTN, SCTS, SCTW, SCZA, SCZB, 640D, 6 9 1 A, 693A, 708D
561 D, 562B SCZC, SCZD, SMIE, SROE, SRON
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub /
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps, Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes, often alkal ine; elevation 1 200-1 700
valley and footh ill grassland (sandy) / coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­ meters.
sal ine or alkal i ne; elevation 1 -375 land / al kal ine or clay; elevation 3-460
meters. Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-October. See Contributions to Western Botany 1 1 : 1 9
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-October.
( 1 903) for origi nal description, and Great
Need q uads for King and San Joaquin Few recent sightings. Need q uads for
counties. Similar to A. coronata var.
Basin Naturalist 44( 2 ): 1 9 1 ( 1 984) for
Riverside County. Threatened by develop­ revised nomenclature.
coronata. ment, and probably by feral herbivores.

Atriplex coronata Wars. var. Atriplex joaquiniana A . Nels.

Atriplex depressa J eps.
coronata "San Joaq u i n spearscale" Chenopod iaceae
" brittlescale" Chenopod i aceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
"crownscale" Chenopod i aceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa, Merced, Monterey, Napa, Sacramento,
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kings, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Madera, Merced, San Benito, Santa Clara*, San Joaq u i n * ,
Kern, Glenn, Merced, Monterey, San Solano, Stanislaus*, Tu lare, Yolo Solano, Tu lare*, Yolo
Joaq u i n ? , San Luis Obispo, Solano,
265A, 288C, 334B* , 335B*, 358C*, 340D, 385B*, 385C, 403A, 403B,
Stan islaus
359A, 359B, 359D*, 360A, 381 A* , 406 D*, 423C, 427B, 445B, 446A,
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill 401 B*, 40 1 D*, 402A, 423B*, 423D, 462A* , 463A, 463 B, 463C, 463D, 464A,
grassland, vernal pools / alkal ine; 424A* , 443 B*, 445B, 463C, 463D, 464B*, 464C* , 465D*, 480B*, 480C*,
elevation 1 -590 meters. 48 1 B, 481 D, 498D, 5 1 3B, 5 1 3C, 5 1 4A*, 48 1 B, 481 D, 482A, 483A, 498C*, 498D,
Annual herb, blooms March-October. 546A, 546D, 547A, 561 D, 562B, 562D, 499D, SOOD, 5 1 1 A, 5 1 3B, 5 1 3C, 530B*,
564A, 578C* 547A, 547C, 562B, 564A, 578C*
Does plant occur in San Joaq u i n County?
Simi lar to A. cordulata and A. vallicola. See Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps, Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts playas, valley and footh ill grassland, ver­ playas, valley and footh i l l grassland /
and Sciences 9: 1 1 4 ( 1 874) for original nal pools / alkali ne, clay; elevation 1 -320 alkaline; elevation 1 -320 meters.
descri ption. meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-October.
Need historical quads for Tu lare County.
Atriplex coronata Wats. var. Threatened by grazing, agricu lture, and
notatior Jeps. development. See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­
cal Society of Washington 1 7:99 ( 1 904) for
"San Jaci nto Valley crownscale"
original descri ption.
Chenopodiaceae
94 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Atriplex minuscula Stand ! . Plant col lected only once ( i n 1 993) i n Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
California since 1 974; probably sti ll 40-1 00 meters.
" l esser saltscale" Chenopod iaceae extant in Baja Cal ifornia. Threatened by Annual herb, blooms August-October.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 development, agricultural conversion,
Butte, Fresno, Madera, Merced * , Tu lare* and grazing. Taxonomic reeval uation Known from fewer than twenty occur­
indicates plant is only from southern Cal­ rences. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
2S7C* , 2SSD*, 359B, 359D*, 3 S 1 A, Madrano 44( 2 ): 1 S4 ( 1 997) for original
3S1 B, 3 S 1 C, 3S 1 D, 40 1 B*, 401 C, ifornia, but is closely related to more
northern A. depressa and A. minuscula. See description.
402A* , 561 D
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
Chenopod scrub, playas, valley and
and Sciences 1 7:377 ( 1 SS2) for original Atriplex tularensis Cov.
footh ill grassland / alkali ne, sandy;
description.
elevation 1 5-200 meters. " Bakersfield smallscale" Chenopod iaceae
Annual herb, blooms May-October. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Atriplex patula ssp. spicata
Known from approximately five extant State Endangered
See Atriplexjoaquiniana
occurrences. Need historical quads for Kern( * ? )
Tu lare County. Historical occurrences 2 1 4B( *?), 2 1 5A* , 239C*
extirpated by agricultu re. Closely related Atriplex persistens Stutz & C h u
to A. depressa and A. parishii; a synonym of Chenopod scrub; elevation 90-200
"vernal pool smal lscale" Chenopod iaceae meters.
the latter in A California Flora ( 1 959) by P.
Mu nz. See North American Flora 21 : 5 1 List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October.
( 1 9 1 6) for original description. Glenn, Merced, Solano, Stanislaus*,
Possibly extinct. Three historical occur­
Tu lare
rences extirpated by agriculture; only
Atriplex pacifica A. Nels. 2S7B, 2SSA* , 40 1 B, 402A, 402 B, 403A, remaining occurrence at Kern Lake Pre­
422C, 422 D * , 423 D, 424A*, 49SD, serve is probably an undescribed form of
"South Coast saltscale" Chenopod iaceae 562B A. serenana, not A. tularensis as previously
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Vernal pools (alkal ine); elevation 1 0-1 1 5 thought. I m mediate taxonomic study
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange, meters. warranted. Threatened by lowering of
Riverside, San Clemente Island, Santa water table and hybridization with A. sere­
Annual herb, blooms July-October.
Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, San nana. See Contributions from the U.S. Nation­
Diego, San N icolas Island, Santa Rosa Possi bly threatened by agricultu re and al Herbarium 4: 1 S2 ( 1 S93) for original
Island, Ventura*; Arizona, Baja Califor­ flood control activities. Not i n TheJepson descri ption, and Fremontia 1 9( 2 ): 1 5-1 S
n ia, Sonora (Mexico) Manual. See Madrano 40( 4 ):209-2 1 3 ( 1 99 1 ) for species account and discus­
( 1 993) for original descri ption. sion of management.
1 OC( * ?), 1 1 B, 22A, 22B, 22C*, 52A,
52D, 6SA, 7 1 B * , 71 D, 73A, S5C, S5D,
90C*, 1 4 1 0* , ANAC, SCTE, SCTN, Atriplex serenana A. Nels. var. Atriplex vallicola Hoov.
SCTS, SCZB, SCZC, SNIC davidsonii (Sta n d ! . ) M u nz
" Lost H i l ls crownscale" Chenopod iaceae
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes, " Davidson's saltscale" Chenopod iaceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
coastal scrub, playas; elevation 0-1 00
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Fresno, Kings, Kern, Merced, San Luis
meters.
Los Angeles( * ?), Orange, Riverside, Obispo
Annual herb, blooms March-October. Santa Barbara*, Santa Catalina Island, 2 1 6B, 2 1 SA, 2 1 SB, 241 C, 241 D, 242A,
Appears rare throughout range. Many Santa Cruz Island * , San Diego, Santa 242C, 242D, 243C, 244D, 265B*, 2650,
known occurrences extirpated ; need Rosa Island, Ventura; Baja California 266A, 2S9C, 2900, 359B, 3S 1 C, 3S3B
information. Most Channel Islands con­ 71 A, 71 B, 71 D, 73A( *?), S5D, SSA,
tain only a few occurrences each. Need Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
1 1 1 D* , 1 40B, 1 42 B * , SCZC* grassland, vernal pools / alkaline;
quads for San Clemente and Santa Rosa
islands. Greatly reduced by u rban ization Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub / alka­ elevation 50-635 meters.
on main land . See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­ line; elevation 1 0-200 meters. Annual herb, blooms April-August.
cal Society of Washington 1 7:99 ( 1 904) for Annual herb, blooms April-October. Threatened by grazi ng, agricultu ral con­
original descri ption. Is plant extirpated from Los Angeles version, and energy development. Plants
Cou nty? Known from Santa Cruz Island from San Luis Obispo County are proba­
Atriplex parishii Wats. from a single collection in 1 930. Need bly an un named new taxon . See Leaflets of
q uads for San Diego Cou nty and Santa Western Botany 2(S): 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 93S) for
" Parish's brittlescale" Chenopod iaceae Catalina and Santa Rosa islands. See original descri ption.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 North American Flora 21 :57 ( 1 9 1 6 ) for
Los Angeles*, Orange*, Riverside, San original description.
Ayenia compacta Rose
Bernardino*, San Diego*; Baja California
66D*, 6SA, 71 B?*, 71 D * , 72A?* , S3D*, "aye n ia" Stercu l iaceae
Atriplex subtilis Stutz & G . L. Chu
S5C, S9C*, 90C*, 1 1 1 A* , 1 1 1 C* , List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
1 3 1 D* "subtle orache" Chenopod iaceae Riverside, San Bernard i no, San Diego;
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Arizona, Baja California, Sonora ( Mexico)
Chenopod scrub, playas, vernal pools;
elevation 25-1 900 meters. Butte, Fresno, Kings, Kern, Madera, 7B, 1 SC, 1 9A, 1 9 B, 1 90, 200, 32A, 32B,
Merced, Tu lare 32C, 3 2 D, 33A, 47C, 47D, 6 1 B, 62B,
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October.
241 B, 264C, 2S7B, 2SSA, 3 1 0B, 3 1 2A, 64C, 65B, 65C, 66A, 790, S3 0, 1 76A
334C, 334D, 359B, 40 1 B, 401 D, 402D,
561 0
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 95

Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert Baccharis plummerae Gray ssp. Known only from the area of Shasta and
scru b / rocky; elevation 1 50- 1 095 plum merae Scott valleys. See Annals ofthe Missouri
meters. Botanical Garden 2 2 : 1 30 ( 1 935) for origi­
" Pl u m m er's baccharis" Asteraceae nal descri ption.
Perennial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Santa Bar­ Balsamorhiza macrolepis Sharp
Azolla mexicana C. Pres! bara, Santa Cruz Island, San Luis Obis­
po, Ventura
var. macrolepis
"Mexican mosqu ito fern" Azol laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, " big-scale balsamroot" Asteraceae
Butte, Kern, Lake, Modoc, Nevada, cismontane wood land, coastal scrub / List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Plumas, Santa Clara, San Diego, Tulare; rocky; elevation 5-425 meters. Alameda, Butte, Colusa, Lake, Mariposa,
Arizona, Baja California, Guadalupe Shrub (deciduous), blooms Napa, Placer, Santa Clara, Solano, Sono­
Island (Mexico), Idaho, Nevada, New May-October. ma, Tehama
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, and 406D, 437B, 438D, 445 B, 446A, 447A,
Threatened by development, and by feral
elsewhere 465C, 482B, 499C, 501 B, 527D, 528A,
animals on Santa Cruz Island.
Marshes and swamps ( ponds, slow 528D, 547C, 548A, 575A, 596B, 608C,
water); elevation 30-1 00 meters. 630D
Baccharis vanessae Beauc h .
Ann u al/peren nial herb, ferti le August. Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
"Encin itas baccharis" Asteraceae and foothi l l grassland / sometimes ser­
Too com mon? Difficult to distinguish
from A. filiculoides, which is common. See List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 pentinite; elevation 90-1 400 meters.
American Fernjournal 34(3 ): 69-84 ( 1 944) State Endangered/Federal Perennial herb, blooms March-J une.
for a review of New World Azolla. Threatened See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
San Diego 22: 1 32 ( 1 935) for original descri ption.
Baccharis malibuensis Beaucham p 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 34C, 35C, 35 D, 36D,
& H enrickson 51 B Balsamorh iza sericea W.A. Weber
Chaparral (maritime, sandstone);
" M alibu baccharis" Asteraceae "si l ky balsamroot" Asteraceae
elevation 60-720 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -2
Los Angeles Shrub (deciduous), blooms
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
August-November.
1 1 2C, 1 1 3 D 683D, 700A, 700C
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal rences. Almost extirpated from Encin itas Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
scrub; elevation 1 50-260 meters. area. Threatened by development and pentinite); elevation 1 3 1 0-1 740 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms August. recreation . See Phytologia 46( 4 ) : 2 1 6-222 Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Known only from four occurrences near ( 1 980) for original description, and On watch list in Oregon. Perhaps not dis­
Malibu Lake in the Santa Monica Mtns. ; Madrano 40( 2 ): 1 33 ( 1 993) for range ti nct from B. macrolepis var. platylepis. See
fewer than 1 00 individuals a s o f 1 995. extension information. Phytologia 50( 5):357-359 ( 1 982) for orig­
Threatened by u rban ization. Not in The inal descri ption.
Jepson Manual. See Aliso 1 4(3 ):202 ( 1 995) Bacopa nobsiana
for original description. Considered but rejected : a synonym of B. Balsamorhiza serrata Nels. &
rotundifolia; a com mon, non-native taxon Macbr.
Baccharis plummerae Gray ssp.
"serrated balsam root" Asteraceae
glabrata Hoov. Bahia dissecta List 2 / RED 3-1-1
"San Simeon baccharis" Asteraceae Considered but rejected : too common
Modoc; Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
724D
Monterey, San Luis Obispo Baileya multiradiata var.
Great Basin scrub ( rocky); elevation
271 A, 271 B, 2 72A, 296D multiradiata 1 400- 1 600 meters.
Coastal scrub; elevation 50-480 meters. Considered but rejected: too common
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms June. See Botanical Gazette 56( 6):479 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for
Known only from three occurrences. Balsamorhiza hookeri N utt. var. original description.
Probably threatened by grazing. See lanata Sharp
Vascular Plants ofSan Luis Obispo County,
p. 302 ( 1 970) by R. Hoover for original
"woolly balsa m root" Asteraceae Batis maritima
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Considered but rejected : too common
descri ption.
Siskiyou
700A, 70 1 A, 701 D, 71 6B, 71 6C, 71 7B Benitoa occidentalis
Cismontane woodland; elevation See Lessingia occidentalis
800- 1 520 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-June.
96 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Bensoniella oregona (Abrams & Many h istorical occurrences have been Betu la pumila L.var. glandulifera
Bacig.) Morton extirpated; l i kely fewer than 1 000 plants Regel
remaining as of 1 9 9 2 . Threatened by
"benson iella" Saxifragaceae development and road maintenance. "resi n birch" Betulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 Angeles N F has adopted species man­ List 2 / RED 2-2-1
State Rare agement gu ideli nes. See Synoptical Flora of Butte*, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Siski­
Humboldt; Oregon
North America 1 ( 1 ):69 ( 1 895) for origi­ you, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , Washing­
nal description , and journal ofthe Linnean ton , and elsewhere
652B, 653A, 671 D Society ofLondon 57(369):354 ( 1 96 1 ) for 606B, 606C, 607A, 607C* , 623B, 625C,
Bogs and fens, lower montane con iferous revised nomenclature.
641 C, 642C, 673B, 674A, 708A, 724B,
forest (openi ngs), meadows and seeps / 725D, 734D
mesic; elevation 94S-1 400 meters. Berberis pinnata Lag ssp. insularis Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. M u nz forest, meadows and seeps, marshes and
Known in Cal iforn ia from approximately swamps, subalpine coniferous forest /
" island barberry" Berberid aceae
ten occurrences. Threatened by logging mesic; elevation 1 3 1 0-2285 meters.
and grazi ng. Candidate for state listing i n List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-August.
Oregon, where known from only a few State Endangered/Federal
occurrences. See Contributions from the Endangered Threatened by grazing.
Dudley Herbarium 1 :95 ( 1 929) for original Anacapa Island * , Santa Cruz Island,
description, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany Santa Rosa Island* Blennosperma bakeri H eiser
1 0: 1 8 1 ( 1 96S) for revised nomenclature. ANAC*, SCZA, SCZB, SROW* "Sonoma sunshine" Asteraceae
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Berberis fremontii Torr. cismontane woodland, coastal scrub / State Endangered/Federal
"Fremont barberry" Berberidaceae rocky; elevation 75-400 meters. Endangered
List 3 / RED ?-?-1 Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Sonoma
San Bernardi no, San Diego; Arizona, Baja February-May.
483 B, 500C, 501 B, 501 C, 501 D, 502A,
California, Nevada, Sonora (Mexico), Known from only three occurrences. 5 1 8D
and elsewhere Bel ieved to be extirpated from Anacapa
Valley and footh i l l grassland ( mesic), •
7B, 8A*, 9B, 1 3 1 D * , 200A, 200B, 2 24C, Island after surveys in 1 994 or 1 995.
vernal pools; elevation 1 0-1 1 0 meters.
225D Last seen on Santa Rosa Island in 1 930;
despite recent surveys. Threatened by feral Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland", piny­ herbivores. See ChangingSeasons 1 (3 ) : 1 4
on and juniper woodland I rocky;
Known only from Lagu na de Santa Rosa
( 1 981 ) fo r revised nomenclature. and the Sonoma area. Threatened by
elevation 840- 1 850 meters.
urbanization, grazi ng, and agriculture.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne. See Madroiio 9(3 ): 1 03-1 04 ( 1 947) for
Berberis sonnei
Taxonomy extremely complex; as treated origi nal descri ption.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of B.
here includes B. haematocarpa and B. hig­
aquifolium var. repens; a common taxon
ginsiae, but these may be distinct taxa. Blennosperma nanum ( Hook. )
Defin itive study needed . See Report on the
U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, p. 30 Bergerocactus emoryi ( Enge l m . ) Blake var. robustum J .T. Howe l l
( 1 859) by W. Emory for original descrip­ Britt. & Rose " Point Reyes blennosperma" Asteraceae
tion, and Phytologia 5 2 : 22 1 -226 ( 1 982) List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
for relationship between Berberis and "golden-spined cereus" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 State Rare
Mahonia.
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Mendoci no, Mari n
Island, San Diego; Baja Californ ia 485B, 485C, 569A
Berberis higginsiae
See Berberis fremontii 1 OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, SCMC, Coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation
SCMN, SCMS, SCTN , SCTS, SCTW 1 0- 1 45 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Annual herb, blooms February-April.
Berberis nevinii Gray coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 3-395 Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
"Nevi n 's barberry" Berberidaceae meters. rences. Possi bly th reatened by grazi ng
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms and tram pling. Plants found near Fort
State Endangered/Federal May-June. Bragg in 1 988 appear closest to this
Endangered Threatened by development, horticultur­ taxon. Some Pt. Reyes populations inter­
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no, al collecting, and feral goats. See Ameri­ mediate to var. nanum. See Leaflets of West­
San Diego canjournal ofScience I I 1 4:338 ( 1 852) for ern Botany 5 : 1 05-1 08 ( 1 948) for original
original description, and Contributions description.
33A, 49A, 49B, 49C, 50A, 67C, 1 06C,
1 08B, 1 1 0B, 1 1 1 A, 1 3 7C, 1 3 7D*, 1 38A, from the U.S. National Herbarium 1 2 :474
1 63 D ( 1 909) for revised nomenclature.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, riparian scrub / sandy or
gravelly; elevation 295-825 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 97

Blepharidachne kingii (Wats. ) Bolandra californica Gray Botrychium crenu latum W. Wagner
H ack. "Sierra bolandra" Saxifragaceae "scalloped moonwort" Ophioglossaceae
" Ki ng's eyelash grass" Poaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 2 / RED 2-2-1
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Butte, Colusa, Los Angeles, Mono,
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, and else­ Mariposa, Stan islaus, Tuolumne Modoc?, San Bernardino, Tehama, Tulare;
where Lower montane con iferous forest, upper Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
montane coniferous forest / mesic, rocky; Washi ngton, Wyoming, and elsewhere
302A, 327C, 346B, 347C, 350B, 390C,
41 2D, 43 1 A elevation 975-2450 meters. 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 34D, 1 3 5D, 306C,
Perennial herb, blooms June-J uly. 43 1 C, 43 1 D, 35 1 B, 564B, 564C, 607B,
Great Basin scrub (usually carbonate);
607C, 626A
elevation 1 065-2 1 3 5 meters.
Bogs and fens, lower montane conifer­
Perennial herb, blooms May. Boschniakia hookeri Walp.
ous forest, meadows and seeps, marsh­
Endangered in Idaho. "small grou ndcone" Orobanchaceae es and swamps (freshwater); elevation
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1 1 500-3280 meters.
Blepharizonia plumosa ( Kel I . ) Del Norte, Hu mboldt, Mendocino, Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
Greene ssp. plumosa Marin; Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­ J u ne-J u ly.
where Scattered but not common anywhere i n
"big tarplant" Asteraceae
467A, 467B, 5 50D, 670A, 704C, 740A Cal ifornia. Does plant occur i n Modoc
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
North Coast coniferous forest; elevation Cou nty? On watch list in Nevada, candi­
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaq u i n * , date for state l isting i n Oregon , and
Stan islaus*, Solano* 90-885 meters.
state-l isted as Sensitive i n Wash ington.
443C*, 444B, 445A, 445B, 446A, Perennial herb (rh izomatous, parasitic), Threatened by grazing and trampling.
462C*, 463 B, 463C, 464A, 465A(* ?), blooms April-August. See American Fernjournal 71 (1 ) : 2 1 ( 1 98 1 )
48 1 C( * ?), 481 D(*?) How rare is plant outside Cal iforn ia? for origi nal descri ption , and Madrano
Valley and footh ill grassland; elevation Parasitic on Gaultheria shallon and Vaccini­ 36( 2 ) : 1 3 1 - 1 3 6 ( 1 989) for d istri butional
30-505 meters. um spp. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad information .
Expedition 3 :479 ( 1 844-45 ) for origi nal
Annual herb, bloomsJu ly-October. descri ption.
Need h istorical quads for Solano County. Botrychium l ineare W. H . Wagner
H istorical occurrences probably extirpat­ "slender moonwort" Oph ioglossaceae
Boschniakia strobilacea
ed by agriculture and non-native plants; List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
also threatened by residential develop­ Considered but rejected: too common
Fresno; Idaho, Oregon , Washington, and
ment. See Proceedings ofthe California Acad­
elsewhere
emy ofSciences I 5 :49 ( 1 873) for original Botrychium ascendens W. Wagner
descri ption. 395A
"u pswept m oonwort" Ophioglossaceae Upper montane coniferous forest;
List 2 I RED 3-1-1 elevation 2600-2600 meters.
Bloomeria humilis Hoov.
Butte, El Dorado, Tehama; Idaho, Neva­ Perennial herb, unknown when fertile.
"dwarf goldenstar" Li l iaceae da, Oregon , Washi ngton, Wyoming, and
elsewhere Known in Cal ifornia from only one small
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
occu rrence near Piute Pass. Not i n The
State Rare 523A, 607B, 607C Jepson Manual. Endangered in Oregon ,
Monterey?, San Lu is Obispo Lower montane coniferous forest a n d state-l isted a s Sensitive i n Washi ng­
2 72A (mesic); elevation 1 500-1 830 meters. ton . See American Fernjournal 84( 1 ) : 5
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), ferti le ( 1 994) for original description.
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, valley and
foothi l l grassland; elevation 1 0-1 20 J uly-August.
meters. Known in Cal ifornia from only two Botrychium lunaria ( L. ) Sw.
Peren nial herb (bul biferous), blooms occurrences: near Jonesvi lle on the Butte "common moonwort" Ophioglossaceae
J u ne. and Tehama Cou nty border, and south
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
of Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado County.
Known from only two occurrences i n the On watch list in Nevada, candidate for Mono, Modoc, Sierra?, Tuolumne; Ari­
Arroyo de la Cruz area. Does plant occur zona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore­
state listing in Oregon , and state-l isted
in Monterey Cou nty? See Plant Life 1 1 : as Sensitive in Washington. See American gon , Utah , Washington , and elsewhere
20-22 ( 1 955) for original description.
Fernjournal 76(2):36 ( 1 986) for original 690B, 708A
description, and Madrano 36(2): 1 3 1 - 1 3 6 Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
Boerhavia annulata ( 1 989) for discussion ofJonesvi lle ous forest, upper montane coniferous
Considered but rejected: too common; a records. forest; elevation 2280-3400 meters.
synonym of Anulocaulis annulatus Peren n ial herb (rh izomatous), fertile
August.
Boerhavia coulteri Does plant occur in Sierra County? Need
Considered but rejected : too common q uads for Mono and Tuolumne counties.
On review list in Idaho, endangered in
Oregon , and state-listed as Sensitive i n
Washington .
98 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Botrychium minganense Victorin Botrychium virginianum ( L.) Swartz Brickellia knappiana

" Mingan m oonwort" Ophioglossaceae " rattlesnake fern" Ophioglossaceae Considered but rejected : a hybrid, possi­
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 List 2 / RED 3-2-1 b ly between 8. multi�ora and 8. ca/ifor­
nicum or B. desertorum
Butte, Fresno, Nevada?, Tehama; Ari­ Siskiyou; Arizona, I daho, Nevada, New
zona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah, Mexico, Oregon , Texas, Utah, Washi ng­
Washington, and elsewhere ton , Wyoming, and elsewhere Brickellia nevinii
3 940, 607B, 607C 701 B, 70 1 C Considered but rejected : too common
Lower montane con iferous forest Bogs and fens; elevation 1 300-1 300
( mesic); elevation 1 S00- 1 830 meters. meters. Brodiaea californica Lin d i . var.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile Perennial herb, fertile June. leptandra (Greene) Hoov.
July-August. Known i n Californ ia only from one occur­ "narrow-anthered Californ i a brodiaea"
Does plant occur in Nevada County? rence from the Salmon Mtns. Not in The Liliaceae
Sensitive in Idaho, and endangered in Jepson Manual. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Club 83(4):261 -280 ( 1 9S6) for compari­
Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr. ) Torr. 499B, SOOB, SOOC, S01 A, S01 B, S 1 6C,
son with B. lunaria, and Madrano 36(2):
1 3 1 -1 36 ( 1 989) for California records. "black grama" Poaceae S 1 7A, S 1 7B, S 1 7C, S 1 7D, S 1 8B, S 1 8D
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja California, lower montane coniferous forest;
Botrychium montanum W. Wagner
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, elevation 1 1 0-9 1 S meters.
"western gobl i n " Ophioglossaceae Wyoming, and elsewhere Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 May-J uly.
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
Butte, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ng­ j un iper woodland; elevation 900-1 900 Threatened by residential development.
ton , and elsewhere meters. See Pittonia 1 : 74 ( 1 887) for original
607B, 607C Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms descri ption, American Midland Naturalist
Lower montane coniferous forest May-August. 2 2 :S 70 ( 1 939) for revised nomencla­
( mesic); elevation 1 S00-1 830 meters. ture, and University ofCalifornia Publica­
Threatened by grazing. See Report ofthe tions in Botany 60:40 ( 1 97 1 ) for
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile Pacific Railroad Expedition 4( S): 1 S S ( 1 8S6) taxonomic treatment.
J u ly-August. for revised nomenclature, and Annals ofthe
Known in California only from fou r occur­ Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3):397-398
rences near Jonesville. Endangered in Ore­ ( 1 979) for taxonomic treatment. Brodiaea coronaria (Sal isb. ) Engler
gon . See American Fernjournal 71 ( 1 ):29 ssp. rosea (Greene) N iehaus
( 1 981 ) for original description, and Bouteloua simplex " I ndian Valley brodiaea" Lil iaceae
Madrano 36(2): 1 3 1 -1 36 ( 1 989) for first Considered but rejected : not in California List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
California records.
State Endangered
Bouteloua trifida Th u rb. Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Tehama
Botrychium pinnatum St. j o h n
"red grama" Poaceae S33C, S47B, S47C, S48A, S48C, S64A,
"northwestern moonwort" S96B, S96C
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Oph ioglossaceae
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
Sonora (Mexico), and elsewhere
Siskiyou; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, grassland / serpentinite; elevation
Washi ngton , and elsewhere 1 23A, 1 76A, 2 0 1 A, 201 C, 22SD, 249A,
33S-1 4SO meters.
249B, 249D, 274C, 298D, 323B, 323C
698C, 701 B Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
Lower montane coniferous forest?, May-J u ne.
rocky); elevation 700-2000 meters.
meadows and seeps, upper montane Known from fewer than twenty occur­
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation Peren nial herb, blooms May-September.
rences. Threatened by vehicles, dumpi ng,
1 770-201 0 meters. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of and horticultural collecting. See Bulletin of
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile Arts and Sciences 1 8 : 1 77 ( 1 883) for origi­ the California Academy ofSciences 2 : 1 3 7
August-October. nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri ( 1 886) for original description, and
Botanical Garden 66(3 ):399-400 ( 1 979) American Midland Naturalist 22: S60-S 6 1
Known in California only from two occu r­ for taxonomic treatment.
rences near Etna and Mt. Shasta. Threat­ ( 1 939) for revised nomenclature.
ened i n Idaho, endangered in Oregon,
and state-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ng­ Boykinia rotundifolia Brodiaea filifolia Wats.
ton . See American Fernjournal 1 9 : 1 1 Considered but rejected: too common
( 1 929) for original descri ption. "thread-leaved brodiaea" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Brickellia frutescens State Endangered/Federal
Botrychium pumicola Considered but rejected : too common Threatened
Considered but rejected: not in Califor­
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
n ia; only known California occurrence on
Bernard i no, San Diego
Mt. Shasta a m isidentification
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 99

35B, 35C, 36A, 36D, 5 1 A, 5 1 B, 5 1 C, 9B, 1 0A, 1 0C, 20A, 20C, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 C, In vegetative state simi lar in appearance
5 1 D, 5 2A, 65C, 68A, 68B, 69A, 69C, 22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D, 33C, 33D, 34A, to Leptobryum pyriforme. Sporophytes d is­
69D, 70B, 70C, 70D, 85C, 85D, 1 07A, 34D, 35A, 35B, 35C, 49D, 50B, 5 1 A, tinctive. See Memoirs ofthe California Acade­
1 09A 65C, 68C, 69C, 69D my ofSciences 1 :5 ( 1 868) for original
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­ Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, descri ption.
land, coastal scrub, playas, valley and cismontane woodland , meadows and
foothill grassland, vernal pools / often seeps, valley and foothi l l grassland , ver­ Buddleja utahensis
clay; elevation 40-1 220 meters. nal pools / mesic, clay, sometimes ser­ Considered but rejected: too common
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms pentin ite; elevation 30-1 6 1 5 meters.
March-June. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J uly. Bulbostylis capillaris ( L.) Clarke
Seriously threatened by residential devel­
opment, agriculture, grazing, and vehi­ Historical occurrences need field surveys. "thread-leaved beakseed " Cyperaceae
cles. Hybridization with B. orcuttii and B. Seriously threatened by development, vehi­ List: 4 / RED 1 -2-1
terrestris ssp. kernensis probably caused by cles, road construction, and dumping. Butte, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada,
European honeybee. See Proceedings ofthe Hybridizes with B. filifolia. See Bulletin ofthe Plu mas, Sierra, Tehama, Tuolumne; Ari­
American Academy ofArts and Sciences California Academy ofSciences 2: 1 38 ( 1 886) zona, New Mexico, Oregon*, Texas, and
1 7:38 1 ( 1 882) for original description. for original description, and University of elsewhere
California Publications in Botany 60:59-6 1 Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
( 1 971 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Brodiaea insignis U eps.) N iehaus ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 395-2075 meters.
" Kaweah brod iaea" Li liaceae
Brodiaea pallida Hoov. Annual herb, blooms J u ne-August.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered "Chinese Camp brodiaea" Li liaceae Endangered in Oregon. See Sida 4:98-99
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 ( 1 971 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Tulare
State Endangered/Federal
308A, 308B, 308C, 309D, 332A, 332B,
332C, 332D, 333A
Threatened Bursera hindsiana
Calaveras, Tuolumne Considered but rejected : unable to verify
Cismontane wood land , valley and
458B, 458C, 459A, 459B presumed California occurrence in south­
footh ill grassland / granitic or clay;
ern San Diego Cou nty.
elevation 1 50-1 400 meters. Valley and foothill grassland (vernal
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms streambeds, serpentinite); elevation
April-J u ne. 385-385 meters. Bursera microphylla Gray
Known only from the Tu le and Kaweah Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms "elephant tree" Bu rseraceae
River drainages. Threatened by residen­ May-June. List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
tial development, road mai ntenance, Known from only two occurrences near I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
grazing, and non-native plants. See Flora Chinese Camp. Part of one occurrence Baja Californ ia, Sonora (Mexico)
ofCalifornia 1 (6 ):288 ( 1 922) by W.L. Jep­ destroyed by construction in 1 982;
7A, 1 8B, 1 8C, 1 9A, 3 1 C, 3 1 D, 46B, 65D
son for original descri ption, and University remainder threatened by residential devel­
ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 60:52 opment. Hybridizes with B. elegans ssp. ele­ Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
( 1 971 ) for revised nomenclature. gans. See Leaffets ofWestern Botany 2:1 29- 200-700 meters.
1 30 ( 1 938) for origi nal description. Tree (deciduous), blooms June-Ju ly.
Brodiaea kinkiensis N iehaus Known i n California from fewer than
Bromus polyanth us twenty occurrences. State-listed as H ighly
"San Clem ente Island brod iaea" Liliaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of B. Safeguarded in Arizona.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
carinatus var. carinatus; a common taxon
San Clemente Island
Cakile edentula ssp. californica
SCMC, SCMS
Bruchia bolanderi Lesq . Considered but rejected: not native; a
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (clay); synonym of C. edentula
elevation 305-600 meters. Bruchianceae
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms List 2 / RED 2-2-2
Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Plumas, Calamagrostis bolanderi Th u rb.
May-J u ne.
Tehama, Tu lare, Tuolumne; Oregon " Bolander's reed grass" Poaceae
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Feral herbivores removed from 285D, 396C, 437A, 472D, 555D, 589C, List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Clemente Island , and vegetation 626A H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Sonoma
recovering. See Madrano 1 9:223-225 Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ 502A, 502B, 502C, 502D, 520B, 520D,
( 1 966) for original descri ption. ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ 537B, 568B, 569A, 569D, 689A, 689C
ous forest / damp soi l ; elevation
Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous
Brodiaea orcuttii (Greene) Baker 1 700-2800 meters. forest, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps
Moss. ( mesic), marshes and swamps (freshwa­

'
"Orcutt's brodiaea" Li liaceae
ter), North Coast coniferous forest /
List 1 B I RED 1 -3-2
mesic; elevation 0-1 85 meters.
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
 ,
1 00 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Calamagrostis crassiglu mis Th u rb. Caland rinia breweri Wats. Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
"Thu rber's reed grass" Poaceae " Brewer's caland ri n ia" Portu lacaceae avius j eps.
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 "Pleasant Valley mari posa li ly " Li liaceae
Del Norte, H u mboldt?, Mendoci no, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Mendocino, List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mari n , Sonoma; Wash ington, and else­ Monterey, Mariposa, Marin , Napa, Santa Amador, El Dorado, Mariposa*
where Barbara, San Bernard i no, Santa Clara,
420D*, 492A, 508B, 508C, 508D, 509A,
485C, 502A, 569D, 585D, 740C Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Island, San
509B, 509D, 524C, 524D, 525D
Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo,
Coastal scrub (mesic), marshes and Sonoma, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura; Lower montane coniferous forest
swamps (freshwater); elevation 1 0-45 Baja Cal ifornia Uosephine silt loam and volcan ic);
meters. elevation 305-1 800 meters.
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy or
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms loamy, d isturbed sites and burns; Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly. elevation 1 0-1 220 meters. May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than ten Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne. Threatened by development and logging,
occurrences. Undocu mented in H u m­ and possibly by horticultural collecting.
boldt County; need q uads. Threatened Plant appears to be widely scattered but
by grazing at Pt. Reyes NS. See C. stricta u ncommon everywhere, and most collec­
ssp. inexpansa i n TheJepson Manual. See tions are old. Field surveys needed. See Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
Botany ofCalifornia 2 : 2 8 1 ( 1 880) for origi­ Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts clavatus
nal description. and Sciences 1 1 : 1 24 ( 1 876) for original
description. "club-haired mari posa li ly" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Calamagrostis densa Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Benito,
Calandrinia maritima N utt.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
koelerioides; a common taxon "seaside calandri n ia" Portu lacaceae Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
Calamagrostis foliosa Kearn. Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange, land I usually serpentinite, clay, rocky;
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Island, San elevation 75-1 300 meters.
" leafy reed grass" Poaceae Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Island, Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, Santa Rosa May-J une.
State Rare Island, Ventura; Baja California
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
Coastal bluff scrub, North Coast conifer­ and footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation
5-300 meters. gracilis Own bey
ous forest / rocky; elevation 0-1 220
meters. Annual herb, blooms February-August. "slender mari posa l i ly" Li liaceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-September. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Many occurrences located in the King Calliandra eriophylla Benth. Los Angeles
Range, H u mboldt Cou nty. Threatened by 1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09B, 1 35 D, 1 37A, 1 37B,
"fairyd uster" Fabaceae
grazing. See Contributions from the U.S. 1 38A, 1 38D, 1 62C
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
National Herbarium 3:83 ( 1 892) for origi­ Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
nal description . I m perial, San Diego; Arizona, Baja Cali­
360-1 000 meters.
fornia, and elsewhere
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
1 2B, 1 3A, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 3D, 26A, 26D,
Calamagrostis ophitidis U .T. March-May.
2 7D, 32C, 3 2 D
Howe l l ) Nygren Known from only nine occurrences. Threat­
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
"serpentine reed grass" Poaceae ened by development. See Annals ofthe Mis­
elevation 1 20- 1 500 meters.
souri Botanical Garden 27(4):371 -561 ( 1 940)
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Shrub (deciduous), blooms for original description.
Lake, Marin, Napa, Sonoma January-March .
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Calochortus clavatus ssp.
forest, meadows and seeps, valley and Calochortus catalinae Wats.
foothill grassland / serpentinite; elevation recurvifolius
90-1 065 meters. " Catalina mari posa l i ly" Liliaceae See Calochortus clavatus var. recurvifolius
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
Calamintha chandleri recurvifolius ( Hoov.) Fied ler &
San Diego, San Lu is Obispo, Santa Rosa
See Satureja chandleri Island, Ventura Zebell
Chaparral, cismontane woodland , "Arroyo de la Cruz mariposa l i ly" Li l iaceae
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­ List 18 / RED 3-2-3
land; elevation 1 5-700 meters. San Lu is Obispo
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms 272A
February-May.
Threatened by development.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 01

Coastal bl uff scrub, chaparral ( mar­ Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Many occurrences have few plants. Threat­
itime), coastal prarie, lower montane April-J u ly. ened by grazing, logging, development,
coniferous forest; elevation 1 0-1 20 Most occurrences are small remnants of and vehicles. On watch list in Oregon, and
meters. former populations. Threatened by state-listed as Sensitive in Washington. See
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms groundwater pumping, development, Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
June-Ju ly. road maintenance, and grazing. See Pitto­ and Sciences 1 7:381 ( 1 882) for original
nia 2:71 ( 1 890) for original description, description, and Proceedings ofthe California
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of AcademyofSciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 30 ( 1 901 ) for tax­
Threatened by grazing. See Leaflets of onomic treatment.
Western Botany 1 0(8): 1 26 ( 1 964) for orig­ Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 46 ( 1 901 ) for taxonom ic
inal description, and Madrofio 42(3):406 treatment.
( 1 995) for revised nomenclature. Calochortus monanthus Own bey
Calochortus greenei Wats. "single-flowered mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
Calochortus coeruleus var. nanus "Greene's m ariposa lily" Li l i aceae Llst 1 A
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 Siskiyou*
elegans; a common ta.xon Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon 734D*
682B, 71 6A, 732B, 732C, 733B, 733C, Meadows and seeps; elevation 745-800
Calochortus coeruleus var. 733D, 734A, 734D meters.
westonii Cismontane woodland, meadows and Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
See Calochortus westonii seeps, pinyon and j u n i per woodland, June.
upper montane coniferous forest / vol­ Known only from the type collection (in
canic; elevation 1 03 5-1 890 meters. 1 876) along the Shasta River, now mostly
Calochortus concolor
Considered but rejected: too common Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms converted to agriculture. Red iscovery
June-August. attempts u nsuccessfu l . See Annals ofthe
Threatened by development, horticu ltur­ Missouri Botanical Garden 2 7:3 71 -560
Calochortus dunnii Pu rd y al collecting, grazing, vehicles, and com­ ( 1 940) for original description.
" D u n n's mari posa l i ly" Liliaceae petition with other plants. Cand idate for
Llst 1 8 / RED 2-2-2 state l isting i n Oregon . See Proceedings of Calochortus nudus var. shastensis
State Rare
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences Considered but rejected : a hybrid
1 4:264 ( 1 879) for original description,
San Diego; Baja California and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
9C, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OD, 1 9C, 20A, 20D, 21 A, Sciences I l l 2 : 1 29 ( 1 901 ) for taxonomic Calochortus obispoensis Lem mon
33D, 49C treatment. "San L u i s mari posa l i ly" Li l iaceae
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / Llst 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
gabbroic or metavolcanic, rocky; elevation Calochortus kennedyi var. munzii San Lu is Obispo
380-1 830 meters. Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 221 D*, 246B, 246C, 246D,
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms kennedyi; a common taxon 247D, 2 7 1 A
April-June.
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of Calochortus longebarbatus Wats. foothill grassland / often serpentinite;
Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 47 ( 1 901 ) for original
description.
var. longebarbatus elevation 75-730 meters.
" long-haired star-tu lip" Li l iaceae Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Llst 18 / RED 1 -2-1 May-J u ly.
Calochortus elegans
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Ore­ Threatened by grazing, development,
Considered but rejected: too common road construction, and recreation, and
gon, Washington
potentially by mining. Seejournal ofEcolo­
662B, 662C, 676D, 677B, 679B, 680A, gy 75:977-995 ( 1 987) for population
Calochortus elegans var. 693B, 693C, 694A, 694B, 694C, 694D,
oreophyllus biology.
695A, 695C, 695D, 696C, 696D, 71 0C,
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C. 71 0D, 71 1 0
elegans; a common ta.xon Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Calochortus palmeri Wats. var.
erous forest (openings and drai nages), munzii Own bey
Calochortus excavatus Greene meadows and seeps, vernal pools / clay, "Munz's mariposa l i ly" Liliaceae
mesic; elevation 1 005- 1 900 meters. Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
" I nyo Cou nty star-tulip" Liliaceae
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Riverside
Llst 18 / RED 2-3-3
June-August.
I nyo, Mono 66A, 66B, 67A, 84A
3 5 1 B, 35 1 C, 3 5 1 D, 372B, 372C, 393A, Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
393B, 393C, 393D, 41 3A, 41 3B, 41 3C, forest; elevation 1 200-2200 meters.
41 3D, 4 1 4A, 432C, 432D, 45 1 A, 451 D Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps / June-J uly.
alkaline, mesic; elevation 1 1 50-2000 Known from only a few occurrences i n
meters. the San Jaci nto Mtns. See Aliso 4:88
( 1 958) for original description.
1 02 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Calochortus palmeri Wats. var. Calochortus plummerae Greene Calochortus pulchellus Ben th .
palmeri " P l u m mer's mariposa l i ly" Lil i aceae " Mt. Diablo fairy-lantern" Li liaceae
" Pal m er's mariposa li ly" Li l iaceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 1 B j RED 2-2-3
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Contra Costa, Solano?
Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Bar­ Bernard ino, Ventu ra 464A, 464B, 464C, 464D, 465A, 465B,
bara, San Bernard i no, San Lu is Obispo, 66B, 67A, 69A, 69C, 70A, 84A*, 84B, 4650, 482C, 499A?
Ventura 85A, 85B, 86B, 87C, 87D, 1 05B, 1 05C,
65C, 66D, 1 04A, 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 050, 1 06B, 1 06C, 1 060, 1 07A, 1 07B,
1 05 0, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 2C, 1 33C, 1 33 0, 1 3 60, 1 07C, 1 08A, 1 08B, 1 08C*, 1 09A,
1 660, 1 68A, 2 1 2A, 2 1 2B, 2 1 2C, 220A, 1 090?, 1 1 0A, 1 1 0B * , 1 1 0C*, 1 1 1 B,
237A, 238A, 245D, 268D 1 1 1 0* , 1 1 2C, 1 1 2 0*, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B,
1 1 3C, 1 1 3 0, 1 1 4A, 1 3 1 0, 1 33C, 1 330,
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
1 340*, 1 3 50, 1 36C*, 1 3 60, 1 370,
forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
1 38A, 1 38C* , 1 380, 1 3 9C, 1 390, 1 40B
elevation 1 000-2200 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
coastal scrub, lower montane con iferous
May-J u ly.
forest, valley and footh ill grassland /
Declining rapidly; occurs in wet meadows granitic, rocky; elevation 1 00-1 700
where seriously threatened by grazing. meters.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Arts and Sciences 1 4:266 ( 1 879) for origi­
May-J u ly.
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 2 7:459 ( 1 940) for taxo­ Significantly red uced by development,
nomic treatment. and continues to decl ine. Less common
at h igher elevations. Hybridizes with C.
weedii var. intermedius in the San Jose H i l ls
Calochortus panamintensis and Puente Hi lls. See Pittonia 2 : 70 ( 1 890)
Own bey ( Rev. ) for origi nal description, and Annals ofthe
" Panamint mariposa l i ly" Li l i aceae Missouri Botanical Garden 2 7: 5 1 5 ( 1 940)
for taxonomic treatment.
List 4 j RED 1 -2-3
I nyo
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation
2 500-3200 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bu lbiferous), blooms
June-J u ly.
Threatened by tram pling. See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 27( 4 ):371-561
( 1 940) for original description, and Inter·
mountain Flora 6:501 ( 1 977) for revised
nomenclature.

Calochortus persistens Own bey

"Siskiyou mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B j RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Siskiyou
71 7B, 71 8A, 7350
Lower montane con iferous forest, North
Coast coniferous forest j rocky; elevation
1 000-1 735 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u ne-Ju ly.
Threatened by disturbance and non­
native plants. Klamath NF has adopted
species management guideli nes. See Calochortus raichei
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
27:448 ( 1 940) for original descri ption.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 03

Chaparral, cismontane woodland , ripari­ Chaparral, chenopod scrub, Mojavean Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
an woodland, valley and foothill grass­ desert scrub, meadows and seeps (alka­ March-May.
land; elevation 30-840 meters. line, mesic); elevation 70-1 595 meters. Protected at Ring Mtn. Preserve on
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. See
April-J u ne. April-J u ne. Botanical Gazette 54:405 ( 1 9 1 2) for origi­
Does plant occur in Solano Cou nty? Threatened by grazi ng, urban ization, nal description, and Proceedings ofthe Cali­
Threatened by grazi ng, urbanization, hor­ and road construction. On watch list i n fornia Academy ofSciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 23-1 24
ticultural collection, and feral pigs. See Nevada. ( 1 901 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences I l l 2 : 1 1 8 ( 1 90 1 ) for taxonomic treat­ Calochortus syntrophus Cal lahan Calochortus uniflorus
ment, and journal ofEcolofY 75:977-995 Considered but rejected : too common
( 1 987) for population biology. "Callahan's mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 3 / RED 3-3-3
Shasta Calochortus venustus var.
Calochortus raichei Farwig & Girard
sangumeus
"The Cedars fairy-lantern " Li l iaceae 663B
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Cismontane woodland, lower montane venustus; a common taxon
Sonoma coniferous forest; elevation 525-525
meters.
5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D Calochortus weedii A.W. Wood var.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / May-J u ne. intermedius Ownbey
serpentinite; elevation 200-490 meters.
Move to List 1 B? Known from only one "i ntermed i ate mariposa l i ly" Liliaceae
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms occurrence, with about 200 individ uals List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
May-August. as of 1 999. Threatened by horticultural Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside
Known only from The Cedars near collecting. Similar to C. superbus; needs
Guerneville. Potentially threatened by taxonomic research. Not in TheJepson 49B, 52A, 5 2 B, 68A, 68D, 69B, 70A,
mining and road construction. See Her­ Manual. See Herbertia 49:20 ( 1 993) for 70B, 70C, 70D, 7 1 A, 71 D, 87B, 87C,
bertia 43( 1 ) : 2-9 ( 1 987) for origi nal original description. 87D, 88A, 88B*, 1 08C, 1 090
description, and Fremontia 1 5( 2 ): 1 8 Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
( 1 987) fo r species account. foothill grassland / rocky; elevation
Calochortus tiburonensis H i l l 1 80-855 meters.
"Ti buron mari posa l i ly" Li l iaceae Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Calochortus simulans ( H oov. )

,
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 May-J u ly.
M u nz
State Threatened/Federal Threatened by development, road
"San Lu is Obispo mariposa l i ly" Lil iaceae Threatened construction, and fuel mod ification.
,
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Marin Hybrid izes with C. plummerae in San Jose
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo Hills and Puente H i lls. See Annals ofthe
466B
1 93B, 244A, 244C, 2440, 245A, 245B, Missouri Botanical Carden 27( 4):51 9
Val ley and footh ill grassland (serpenti­ ( 1 940 ) for original descri ption.
245C, 245D, 246A, 246B, 246D, 268C
n ite); elevation 50-1 50 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
montane con iferous forest, valley and
March-J u ne.
Calochortus weedii A.W. Wood var.
foothill grassland / sandy, often gran itic, vestus Purdy
sometimes serpenti nite; elevation Known from only one occu rrence at Ring
395-1 1 00 meters. Mtn. Preserve on the Tiburon Peninsula. " late-flowered mariposa l i ly" Li l i aceae
Threatened by recreational activities and List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
non-native plants. See Madrano 22( 2): Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obis­
April-May.
1 00-1 04 ( 1 973) for original descri ption, po, Ventura
Apparently i ntergrades with C. venustus. and journal ofEcolo?Y 75:977-995 ( 1 987)
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 4:4 ( 1 944) 1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 41 B, 1 4 1 0, 1 42A, 1 42B,
for population biology.
for original descri ption. 1 64A, 1 66C, 1 660, 1 67C, 1 680, 1 690,
1 90C, 295C, 296B, 296A, 296C, 296D
•
Calochortus umbellatus A.W. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­
Calochortus striatus Parish Wood an woodland / often serpentinite;
"alkali mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae "Oakland star-tulip" Li liaceae elevation 275-900 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n, Santa J u ne-August.
Tu lare; Nevada Clara, Santa Cruz*, San Mateo, Stanislaus Threatened by grazing and development.
1 02A, 1 3 1 A, 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 0, 1 35C, 1 6 1 A, Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral , See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
1 6 1 B, 1 85C, 1 850, 1 86C, 1 86D, 206A, cismontane wood land, lower montane Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 33 ( 1 90 1 ) for original
206C, 2 1 5B, 235B, 235C, 236B, 260A, coniferous forest, valley and foothi l l descri ption.
260B, 260C, 260D, 283C, 284C, 288D grassland / often serpentinite; elevation
1 00-700 meters.
1 04 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Calochortus westonii Eastw. Calycadenia truncata ssp. Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
microcephala Threatened by development, grazing, and
"Shirley Meadows star-tu lip" Li l iaceae
vehicles. USFWS uses the name Cistanthe
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3 Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
truncata; a common taxon pulchella. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Kern, Tu lare Club 29:79 ( 1 902) for original description,
2 6 1 A, 285A, 2850, 308A, 308B, 3080, Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2( 1 3 ):222-225
332A Calycadenia villosa DC. ( 1 940) for revised nomenclature, Brittonia
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ 27: 1 97-208 ( 1 975) for taxonomic treat­
"dwarf calycadenia" Asteraceae
ment, and Madrano 28(3): 1 88 ( 1 981 ) for
tane coniferous forest, meadows and List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
d istributional information.
seeps / granitic; elevation 1 500-2 1 05 Kern* , Monterey, San Luis Obispo
meters.
2 1 30*, 244B*, 245A, 245 0*, 246C* , Calyptridium quadripetalum Wats.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms 269D*, 2 70A* , 271 B*, 292B*, 294C*,
May-J u ne. 295A, 295B, 295C, 296A, 2960, 3 1 8C, "four-petaled pussypaws" Portulacaceae
Threatened by logging and road construc­ 3 1 90 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
tion. Seq uoia NF has adopted species Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­ Glenn, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Tehama,
management guidel ines. See Proceedings of ows and seeps, valley and footh i l l grass­ Tri nity
the California Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 36 land / rocky; elevation 285-1 3 50 meters. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
( 1 93 1 ) for original description.
Annual herb, blooms May-October. forest / sandy or gravel ly, usually serpen­
Probably consists of northern and south­ tinite; elevation 31 S-2040 meters.
Calycadenia fremontii ern u n recognized subspecies. Habitat Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
Considered but rejected: too common lost to construction of San Antonio Threatened by vehicles. See Proceedings of
Reservoir; also threatened by urban iza­ the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
Calycadenia hooveri Carr tion , vehicles, and non-native plants. 20:356 ( 1 885) for original description.
" H oover's calycadenia" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 Calyptridium parryi Gray var. Calystegia atriplicifolia Hal lier f ssp.
Calaveras, Madera, Merced, Mariposa, hesseae Tho m as buttensis Bru m mitt
Stanislaus "Santa Cruz Mou ntains pussypaws" " Butte Cou nty m orning-glory"
400A, 420B, 420C, 42 1 A, 440B, 440C, Portu l acaceae Convolvulaceae
441 A, 441 B, 4590, 477B List 3 / RED ?-?-3 List 18 / RED 2- 1 -3
Cismontane wood land, valley and Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, Santa Butte, Shasta, Tehama
foothi l l grassland / rocky; elevation Cruz*
592A, 592B, 592C, 5920, 608C, 6090,
65-300 meters. 3 1 9B, 4070*, 408B*, 408C*, 4080*, 663B
Annual herb, blooms J uly-September. 425C, 426D
Lower montane con iferous forest;
See Brittonia 27: 1 3 6 ( 1 975) for original Chaparral, cismontane wood land; elevation 600-1 200 meters.
description. elevation 305- 1 1 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. May-J u ly.
Calycadenia oppositifolia (Greene) Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and Can be variable. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):327
Greene endangerment i nformation needed, ( 1 980) for original description.
i ncluding quads for Monterey and San
" Butte County calycadenia" Asteraceae Benito counties.
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 Calystegia collina (Greene)
Butte Bru m m itt ssp. oxyphylla Bru m m itt
Calyptridium pulchellum ( Eastw. )
559B, 575B, 576A, 576B, 5760, 577A, Hoov. "Mt. Sai nt Helena morni ng-glory"
5 9 1 C, 592B, 592C, 5920, 5930, 6080 Convolvu laceae
" Mari posa pussypaws" Portulacaceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane coniferous forest, meadows List 18 / RED 3-3-3 Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma
and seeps, valley and foothi l l grassland / Federal Threatened Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
volcanic or serpenti n ite; elevation Fresno, Madera, Mariposa forest, valley and foothi l l grassland / ser­
21 5-945 meters. 397C, 398B, 41 8C, 41 80, 41 9B pentinite; elevation 305- 1 0 1 0 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Chaparral, cismontane wood land / Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Can be locally abundant. Threatened by sandy or gravel ly, gran itic; elevation April-J u ne.
development, road construction, and 400-1 220 meters. Threatened by road mai ntenance. See
grazing. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Annual herb, blooms April-August. Kew Bulletin 35(2):328 ( 1 980) for original
Club 9 : 1 1 0 ( 1 882) for original descrip­ description.
tion, and Flora Franciscana p. 423 ( 1 897)
for revised nomenclature.

Calycadenia tenella
Considered but rejected: too common
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 05

Calystegia collina (Greene) Chaparral, chenopod scrub, cismontane Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
woodland , coastal scrub, lower montane land / serpentinite or gabbroic; elevation
Bru m m itt ssp. venusta Bru m mitt 1 85-730 meters.
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
"South Coast Range morni ng-glory" grassland; elevation 30-1 500 meters. Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Convolvu laceae Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Apri 1-J u ly.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 May-J une. Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
Fresno, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Threatened by grazing. lntergrades with rences. Threatened by development, vehi­
Benito other Calystegia spp. See Illustrated Flora of cles, road mai ntenance, and alteration of
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley the Pacific States 3:387 ( 1 95 1 ) by L. fire regimes. See Kew Bulletin 29:499
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite or Abrams for original description, and ( 1 975) for original description.
sed imentary; elevation 425-1 1 30 meters. Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 52(2 ) :2 1 4-2 1 6 ( 1 965) for revised
Calystegia subacaulis H . & A ssp.
April-J une. nomenclature.
episcopalis Bru m m itt
Can be relatively abundant and tolerant
of d isturbance. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):328 Calystegia purpurata (Greene) "Cambria morni ng-glory" Convolvulaceae
( 1 980) for original description. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Bru m m itt ssp. saxicola ( Eastw. )
San Luis Obispo
Bru m m itt
Calystegia macrostegia (Greene) 246C, 2470, 271 D
"coastal b l u ff morn i n g-glory"
Bru m mitt ssp. amplissima Bru m m itt Convolvulaceae Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 60-500 meters.
" island morn ing-glory" Convolvu laceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendoci no, Marin, Sonoma Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
April-May.
Santa Barbara Island, San Clemente 485B, 485C, 502C, 503A, 503D, 520B,
Island, San Nicolas Island 5200, 537B l ntergrades with ssp. subacaulis. See Kew
Bulletin 35(2):327 ( 1 980) for original
Coastal bluffscrub, coastal d unes, valley Coastal d unes, coastal scrub; elevation description.
and footh ill grassland / rocky; elevation 1 5- 1 05 meters.
1 0-275 meters. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Peren nial herb, blooms February-J u ly. Camissonia arenaria (A. Nels. )
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Raven
i Relatively common and widespread where 30(9):495 ( 1 903) for original descrip­
it occurs. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):327 tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical "sand eve n i ng-primrose" Onagraceae

�
( 1 980) for original description. Garden 52(2):2 1 4 ( 1 965) for revised List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
nomenclature. I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino; Ari­
Calystegia macrostegia ssp. zona, Sonora (Mexico)
macrostegia Calystegia sepium ( L. ) R. Br. ssp. Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
Considered but rejected: too common binghamiae (Greene) Bru m m itt elevation 70-91 5 meters.
"Santa Barbara morn ing-glory" Annual/perennial herb, blooms
Convolvulaceae March-May.
Calystegia malacophylla (Greene)
M u nz var. berryi ( Eastw. ) Bru m m itt List 1 A Similar to C. cardiophylla. See American
Los Angeles*, Santa Barbara* journal ofBotany 2 1 (9): 575 ( 1 934) for
" Berry's morn i n g-glory" Convolvu laceae original description, Brittonia 1 6(3 ):281
List 3 / RED ?-1 -3 1 1 1 0* , 1 42B* ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature, and
Fresno, Tu lare Marshes and swamps (coastal); elevation Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­
0-20 meters. um 37(5 ) : 236-237 ( 1 969) for taxonomic
3 3 1 A, 353C, 354B, 354D, 355A
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms treatment.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Apri l-May.
forest; elevation 6 1 0-2440 meters.
Probably extirpated by wetland modifica­ Cam issonia benitensis Raven
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
tion and u rbanization. See Bulletin ofthe
J uly-August. "San Benito evening-pri m rose" Onagraceae
California Academy ofSciences 2:41 7 ( 1 887)
Move to List 1 B? May hybridize with C. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
for original description.
occidentalis ssp. fulcrata. See C. malacophylla Federal Threatened
ssp. malacophylla i n The Jepson Manual. See Fresno, San Benito
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­ Calystegia soldanella
Considered but rejected : too com mon 339B, 339C, 339D, 340B, 340D, 363D
ences I l l 2:287 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
tion, and Kew Bulletin 29:502 ( 1 974) for Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
taxonomic revision. serpentinite alluvi u m , clay or gravel ly;
Calystegia stebbinsii Bru m m itt
elevation 600-1 280 meters.
"Stebbins's morn i ng-glory" Convolvulaceae Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Calystegia peirsonii (Abrams) List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Bru m m itt Known only from the New l d ria area.
State Endangered/Federal Threatened by vehicles. Protected in part
" Peirson's morni ng-glory" Convolvulaceae Endangered at ACEC ( B LM). See Contributions from the
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 El Dorado, Nevada U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):332 ( 1 969)
Los Angeles 5 1 0B, 526C, 5 27D, 542A, 542D for original descri ption.

(
1 06 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Camissonia boothii ( Doug!. ) Raven Camissonia claviform is (Torr. & Known from approximately ten occur­
ssp. alyssoides ( H . & A . ) Raven Fre m . ) Raven ssp. cruciform is ( Kel I . ) rences. Threatened by proposed road
construction in San Luis Obispo County
"Pine Creek eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae Raven See Contributions from the U.S. National
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1 "cruciform eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae Herbarium 37( 5):301 ( 1 969) for original
Lassen, Modoc; Nevada List 2 / RED 2-1-1 descri ption.
Great Basin scrub / sandy; elevation Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
600-1 700 meters. 602A, 602D, 620C, 62 1 A, 621 D, 638C, Camissonia heterochroma
Annual herb, blooms April-August. 638D, 639D, 707D Considered but rejected : too common
Usually common during favorable springs, Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub;
as in Lassen County in 1 993. See Brittonia elevation 600-1 400 meters. Camissonia integrifolia Raven
1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature, Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­ " Kern River eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
um 37(5):362-364 ( 1 969) for taxonomic
treatment, and Madroflo 44( 1 ) : 1 06-1 08
Sciences 2:227 ( 1 863) for original descrip­ Kern
tion, Brittonia 1 6:282 ( 1 964) for revised
( 1 997) for clarification of taxonomy. 259C, 260A, 2 6 1 D
nomenclature, and Contributions from the
U.S. National Herbarium 37:2 1 3-2 1 4 Chaparral; elevation 700- 1 000 meters.
Camissonia boothii ( Doug! . ) Raven ( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment. Annual herb, blooms May.
ssp. boothii
See Contributions from the U.S. National
" Booth's eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae Camissonia claviformis ssp. Herbarium 37(5):344 ( 1 969) for origi nal
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 lancifolia descri ption.
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Considered but rejected : too common
Nevada, Washi ngton Camissonia kernensis ( M u nz)
1 3 2C, 1 33A, 1 58D, 209D, 282B, 470D Camissonia graciliflora Raven ssp. kernensis
Joshua tree "wood land'', pi nyon and Considered but rejected: too common " Kern Cou nty eveni ng-pri m rose"
juniper woodland; elevation 900-2400 Onagraceae
meters. List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Camissonia guadalupensis (Wats. )
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May. Raven ssp. clementina ( Raven ) Kern, Santa Barbara
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng. See Britto­ Raven Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland", pi ny­
nia 1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomencla­ on and jun iper woodland / sandy or grav­
ture, Contributions from the U.S. National "San Clemente Island evening-pri m rose"
el ly, granitic; elevation 790-1 800 meters.
Herbarium 37( 5 ) :365-366 ( 1 969) for Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Annual herb, blooms May.
taxonomic treatment, and Madroflo
44( 1 ) : 1 06-1 08 ( 1 997) for clarification San Clemente Island See Americanjournal ofBotany 1 8: 737
of taxonomy. ( 1 93 1 ) for original description, Brittonia
SCMC, SCMN
1 6:284 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature,
Coastal du nes; elevation 0-30 meters. and Contributions from the U.S. National
Camissonia boothii ( Doug! . ) Raven Herbarium 37( 5):309-3 1 0 ( 1 969) for tax­
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
ssp. intermedia ( M u nz) Raven onomic treatment.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
"hairy eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae See Aliso 5:332 ( 1 963) for original descrip­
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 tion, Brittonia 1 6:284 ( 1 964) for revised Camissonia lewisii Raven
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Nevada nomenclature, and Contributions from the
" Lewis's evening-pri m rose" Onagraceae
U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):275 ( 1 969)
274C, 279A, 302B, 346B, 41 0C, 41 1 B, List 3 / RED ?-?-2
for taxonomic treatment.
4SA, 453D Los Angeles, Orange*, San Diego; Baja
Great Basin scrub (sandy), pi nyon and California
juniper woodland ; elevation 1 500-21 SO Camissonia hardhamiae Raven
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22C, 34D, 36A,
meters. " Hardham's eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae 5 1 A, 70B*, 73A, 90A, 90B, 1 1 1 A, 1 1 1 C,
Annual herb, blooms J u ne. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 1 1 1 D, 1 1 3 D
See North American Flora I I 5 : 1 52 ( 1 965) Monterey, San Lu is Obispo Coastal bluff scrub, cismontane wood­
for original description, Contributions from 24SA, 24SB, 246A, 293B, 3 1 9 D land, coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley
the U.S. National Herbarium 37:364 ( 1 969) and foothi l l grassland / sandy or clay;
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
for revised nomenclature, and Madrano elevation 0-300 meters.
sandy, decom posed carbonate, d isturbed
44( 1 ): 1 06-1 08 ( 1 997) for clarification of Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
or burned areas; elevation 240-6 1 0
taxonomy.
meters. Move to List 4? Location, rarity, and
Annual herb, blooms April-May. endangerment i nformation needed.
Camissonia boothii ssp. inyoensis Dried material d ifficult to identify; appar­
Considered but rejected: too common ently other taxa are often m isidentified as
C. lewisii. See Contributions from the U.S.
National Herbarium 37(5):275 ( 1 969) for
original descri ption.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 07

Camissonia minor (A. Nels.) Raven Camissonia tanacetifolia (T. & G . ) Campanula scabrella Engel m .
" Nelson's eveni ng-pri mrose" Onagraceae Raven ssp. q uadriperforata Raven "rough harebell" Campanu laceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 "Sierra Valley eve n i ng-pri m rose" List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Onagraceae Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Idaho,
Utah, Washington , Wyo m i ng, a n d else­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Oregon , Washi ngton, and elsewhere
where Lassen, Plu mas, Sierra Alpine boulder and rock field (serpenti­
602A, 602B, 620C, 620D, 62 1 A, 62 1 D Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ nite or volcan ic); elevation 2285-2800
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub erous forest / clay, sandy; elevation meters.
(sandy); elevation 1 200-1 220 meters. 1 300- 1 770 meters. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. August-September.
Need q uads for Modoc County. See Bul­ Difficult to identify from ssp. tanacetifolia. See Madroiio 27( 4 ) : 1 79- 1 80 ( 1 980) for
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 26 : 1 30 See Contributions from the U.S. National d istri butional information.
( 1 899) for original description, Brittonia Herbarium 37(5):248 ( 1 969) for original
1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature, descri ption. Campanula sharsmithiae N . Mori n
and Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37(5):371 -373 ( 1 969) for tax­ "Sharsmith's harebel l " Cam pan u laceae
Cam panu la californica ( Ke l l . ) H e l ler List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
onomic treatment.
"swamp harebell" Cam pan ulaceae Santa Clara, Stanislaus
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3 425B, 426A
Camissonia pterosperma
Mendocino, Marin, Santa Cruz*, Sonoma
Considered but rejected : too common Chaparral (serpentinite, rocky); elevation
408D * , 485B, 485C, 485D, 502A*, 490-855 meters.
503A* , 503D* , 5 1 9A*, 520A, 520B, Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Camissonia sierrae Raven ssp. 520D, 537B, 537C, 53 7D, 552A, 552B,
alticola Raven 553A, 568B, 568C, 569A, 569D, 585D Known from only approximately five
occurrences. Threatened by mining and
" Mono Hot Springs eveni ng-pri m rose" Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous
vehicles. See Madrano 27( 4): 1 49- 1 63
Onagraceae forest, coastal prarie, meadows and
( 1 980) for original descri ption.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 seeps, marshes and swamps (freshwater),
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa? North Coast coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 -405 meters. Campanula shetleri H eckard
395B, 41 4B, 41 5B, 41 5C, 41 6D, 41 7A,
41 7B, 41 7D, 436B? Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms "Castle Crags harebe l l " Campanu laceae
June-October. List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / granitic, Many occurrences have few plants. Shasta, Siskiyou
gravel and sand pans; elevation Threatened by grazing, development,
682A, 682B
1 340-241 0 meters. marsh habitat loss, and loggi ng. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences I Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky);
Annual herb, blooms May-August. 2 : 1 58 ( 1 86 1 ) for original description. elevation 1 220-1 830 meters.
Known from approxi mately fifteen occur­ Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
rences. Mariposa County record ( 436B) June-September.
needs verification. See Contributions from
Campanula exigua Rattan
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
the U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):329 "chaparral harebell" Campanu laceae See Madroiio 20( 4):231 -235 ( 1 969) for
( 1 969) for original description. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 original description.
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Benito,
Camissonia sierrae Raven ssp. Santa Clara, Stanislaus
Cam panula wilkinsiana Green e
s1errae 339B, 339C, 340D, 363A, 384B, 405B,
I 405C, 406A, 425B, 425C, 425D, 426A, "Wi lkin's harebel l" Campanu laceae
I "Yosemite eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
,l
426B, 426C, 426D, 445 D, 446C, 464B,

f
L.ist 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 464C Siskiyou, Tehama, Trin ity
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Chaparral (rocky, usually serpentin ite); 625C, 667A, 667B, 668A, 684C, 698A,
Cismontane woodland, lower montane elevation 275-1 250 meters. 698B, 698C
coniferous forest; elevation 500-1 300
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
meters.
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng and vehi­ ous forest, upper montane coniferous
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. forest; elevation 1 525-2600 meters.
cles. See Botanical Gazette 1 1 :339 ( 1 886)
Can be locally abundant. Distinction from for original description, and Madroiio Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
ssp. alticola needs further study. See Contri­ 27(4): 1 49-1 63 ( 1 980) for taxonomic Ju ly-September.
butions from the U.S. National Herbarium treatment. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
37(5):326 ( 1 969) for original description.
rences. Threatened by grazing and
Cam panula griffinii recreation.
Considered but rejected: too common
1 08 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Alpine boulder and rock field , subalpine Carex albida Bai ley
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / rocky, talus and scree; "white sedge" Cyperaceae
elevation 1 900-2835 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly. State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 1 1 : 1 70 ( 1 897) for original Sonoma
description. 502A, 502B*
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
Cardamine gam bellii (freshwater); elevation 1 5-90 meters.
See Rorippa gambellii Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-Ju ly.
Cardamine gemmata Known from only one confirmed extant
occu rrence at Pitkin Marsh, with fewer
See Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata than 1 000 plants as of 1 993; three h istori­
cal occu rrences extirpated by wetland
Cardamine nuttallii Greene var. drainage and spraying of chem ical efflu­
gemmata (Greene) Rol l . ents. Threatened by competition with
other plants, and potentially by altered
"yellow-tubered toothwort" Brassicaceae hydrology. See Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botani­
List 18 / RED 3-1-2 cal Club 1 :9 ( 1 889) for original description,
Del Norte; Oregon, Washi ngton and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8(7): 1 78-1 80
739B, 739C, 740A ( 1 957) for taxonomic discussion.
Canbya candida Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast con iferous forest / serpentinite; Carex arcta Boott
elevation 1 00-700 meters. "northern clustered sedge" Cyperaceae
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms List 2 / RED 2-2-1
April-May. Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino?,
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Tu lare; I daho, Oregon, Washi ngton,
Possi bly threatened by min ing. Candidate and elsewhere
for state listing in Oregon . USFWS uses 283D, 652B, 653C, 672A, 672C
the name C. gemmata. See Pittonia 1 : 1 62
( 1 888) for original descri ption, and Har­ Bogs and fens, North Coast coniferous
vard Papers in Botany 4:43-48 ( 1 993) for forest ( mesic ); elevation 60- 1 400 meters.
revised nomenclature. Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Does plant occur in Mendocino County?
Cardamine pachystigma (Wats. )
Can bya candida Parry
Rol l . var. dissectifolia ( Detl . ) Rol l . Carex atherodes Spreng.
"pygmy poppy" Papaveraceae
"dissected-leaved toothwort" Brassicaceae "awned sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 3 / RED ?-?-3 List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Butte, Glenn, Mendocino, Placer, Sono­ Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, New
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean ma, Tehama Mexico, Oregon , Utah, Washington, and
desert scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­ elsewhere
land / sandy, granitic; elevation 534D, 540D, S69D, 574B, 5 75A, 575D,
5 8 1 A, 58 1 C, 591 C, 592A, 592B, 592D, 67SC, 692A
600-1 200 meters.
597B, 600B, 631 c Meadows and seeps, marshes and
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous swamps, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland /
Threatened by development and non­ forest / usually serpenti nite, rocky; mesic; elevation 1 300- 1 400 meters.
native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ elevation 255-2 1 00 meters.
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2: S 1 Perennial herb (stolon iferous), blooms
( 1 876) for original description. Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms J u ne-August.
February-May. On review list in Oregon .
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
Canotia holacantha endangerment i nformation needed . See
Considered but rejected: not in California Carex buxbaumii Wah le n b.
American Journal of Botany 23:575
( 1 936) for original descri ption, and " Buxbau m's sedge" Cyperaceae
Cardam ine bellidifolia L. var. Harvard Papers i n Botany 4:43-48 List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
( 1 993) for revised nomenclature. Glenn, H u m boldt, I nyo, Mari n , Plumas,
pachyphylla Cov. & Lei b.
Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama,
"fleshy toothwort" Brassicaceae Tu l are , Tuolumne; and elsewhere
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
Lassen, Plu mas, Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon (mesic), marshes and swamps; elevation
3-3300 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 09

Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Carex davyi M kze. Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and j u n iper
March-August. woodland, su bal pine coniferous forest /
" Davy's sedge" Cyperaceae often pu mice; elevation 1 370-2 1 05
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 meters.
Carex califomica Bai ley Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
"California sedge" Cyperaceae Nevada, Placer, Tuolumne May-September.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
Mendoci no, Sonoma?; Idaho, Oregon, tane coniferous forest; elevation
Carex hystericina M u h l .
Washington, and elsewhere 1 500-3200 meters.
537B, 552B, 553A, 568B, 568C, 569A, Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. " bottlebrush sedge" Cyperaceae
569D List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Simi lar to C. petasata.
Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous Tri n ity; Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
forest, coastal prarie, meadows and i ngton, and elsewhere
Carex eleocharis Bai ley
seeps, marshes and swamps ( margi ns); 649A, 667D
elevation 90-250 meters. "spikerush sedge" Cyperaceae Marshes and swamps (stream banks);
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 elevation 6 1 0 meters.
May-August. Inyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon*, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Does plant occur in Sonoma Cou nty? Wash i ngton, and elsewhere J u ne.
Sensitive i n Idaho. See Memoirs ofthe Tor­ 43 1 C, 432A, 450D Known i n California only from Rush
rey Botanical Club 1 :9 ( 1 889) for origi nal Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous Creek. Endangered i n Oregon, and
description. forest; elevation 3500-41 00 meters. state-listed as Sensitive i n Was h i ngton.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
Carex comosa Boott July-August. Carex incurviformis M kze. var.
" bristly sedge" Cyperaceae Endangered in Oregon, and state-l isted danaensis (Stacey) F.J . Herm .
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 as Sensitive in Wash i ngton .
"Dana's sedge" Cyperaceae
Contra Costa, Lake, Mendocino, San List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Bernardino*, Santa Cruz*, San Francis­ Carex geyeri Boott
I nyo, Mono, Tu lare, Tuolu mne; a n d else­
co*, Shasta, San Joaq u i n , Sonoma;
"Geyer's sedge" Cyperaceae where
Idaho, Orego n * , Washi ngton , and else­
where List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation
Butte, H u m boldt, Plumas, Sierra, Siski­ 3700-4000 meters.
1 07D?*, 407C* , 408D?*, 462B, 480D,
503D, 5 1 8C, 535A, 550A, 678C you, Tri nity; Oregon , and elsewhere Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ J u ly-August.
Coastal prarie, marshes and swamps
( lake margins), valley and foothill grass­ erous forest; elevation 1 1 55-2 1 00 See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 1 66 ( 1 939)
land; elevation 0-425 meters. meters. for original description and 7(1 2 ): 288
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms ( 1 955) for revised nomenclature, and
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-Septem ber. May-J u ne. Madrano 37(1 ):64 ( 1 990) for information
Threatened by loggi ng. on Mono County collection.
,. Location, rarity, and endangerment
i nformation needed; need historical
q uads for San Francisco Cou nty. Fairly Carex gigas ( Ho l m ) M kze. Carex incu rviform is var.
widely d istri buted, but apparently rarely incurviformis
collected. Threatened by marsh drainage. "Siskiyou sedge" Cyperaceae
Considered but rej ected : not in California
Endangered in I daho, endangered in List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Oregon , and state-l isted as Sensitive i n Del Norte, Pl u mas, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Washi ngton. Oregon Carex inops Bai ley ssp. inops
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ "long-stoloned sedge" Cyperaceae
Carex congdonii Bai l ey ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ List 3 / RED ?-1 - 1
ous forest / mesic, sometimes serpentinite H u m boldt, Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siski­
"Congdon's sedge" Cyperaceae seeps; elevation 71 0-2345 meters. you; Oregon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms 680D, 681 A, 682 D, 686C, 696B, 698A,
Fresno, I nyo, Madera, Mono, Mariposa, May-J u ly. 698D
Tu lare, Tuolumne
Endangered in Oregon. Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky);
Alpine bou lder and rock field, su bal pine
elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
coniferous forest (rocky); elevation
2600-3900 meters. Carex halliana Bai l ey Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
"Hall's sedge" Cyperaceae Apri l-June.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Ju ly-August. List 2 I RED 3-1 -1 Move to List 2? Need q uads for Lassen
and Modoc cou nties. Simi lar to C. penn­
Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­
where sy/vanica var. vespertina (not in California).
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
7038, 71 38, 7 1 3 D, 720C Arts and Sciences 22: 1 26 ( 1 886) for origi­
nal description.
 110 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Carex jepsonii Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. June. ows and seeps; elevation 1 900 meters.
whitneyi; a common taxon Known in California only from one col­ Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
lection (in 1 866) near Mendocino. Field J u ne-August.
surveys unsuccessful. Extirpated from Known in California only from the San
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.
Californ ia; Sensitive in Idaho, and endan­ Bernard ino and White mou ntai ns; need
"slender sedge" Cyperaceae gered i n Oregon. q uads. Endangered in Idaho. See Memoirs
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 : 1 4 ( 1 889) for
Lassen, Plu mas; Idaho, Oregon , Wash­ Carex lyngbyei Horn e m . original description.
i ngton, and elsewhere
" Lyngbye's sedge" Cyperaceae
572B, 623B, 624B, 625A, 625B Carex parryana Dewey var. hallii
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, ( O l ney) Kukenth .
(freshwater, lake margins); elevation Marin; Oregon, and elsewhere
1 800-2 1 00 meters. " Parry's sedge" Cyperaceae
485D, 537B, 584C, 585D, 655A, 672C, List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 672D, 689D, 723B, 740C
June-J u ly. Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere
Marshes and swamps (brackish or fresh­ 43 1 C, 43 1 D
Known in Cal i fornia from only six occur­ water); elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
rences. On review l ist in Oregon . Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms ous forest; elevation 2850-3200 meters.
May-August.
Carex leptalea Wah l . Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Ju ly.
"Aaccid sedge" Cyperaceae Carex norvegica Retz. Known in Cal ifornia from only two
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 occu rrences near Station Pk. and Poison
"Scand inavian sedge" Cyperaceae
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mari n * , Trin ity; Creek in the Wh ite Mtns. See Madrano
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Idaho, Oregon , and elsewhere 35(2): 1 64 ( 1 988) for first two Cal ifor­
Mono; Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon,
485C* , 654B, 666B, 689A, 689C, 722B nia reports (second erroneous; actually
Utah, Wash ington, and elsewhere
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps C. norvegica) and 37( 1 ): 6 5 ( 1 990) for
432A, 450D explanation of error.
( mesic), marshes and swamps; elevation
0-700 meters. Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
and seeps (mesic); elevation 2900 meters. Carex paucifructus
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J uly. Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
August. mariposana; a common taxon
Apparently extirpated in Marin County by
wetland conversion. Sensitive in Idaho. Endangered in Oregon, and state-listed
as Sensitive in Washington. See Madrano
37(1 ):64 ( 1 990) for first California
Carex petasata Dewey
Carex limosa L. reports ( 1 986) of this circumboreal " Liddon's sedge" Cyperaceae
"shore sedge" Cyperaceae species. List 2 / RED 2-1-1
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Modoc; Oregon ,
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Lassen, Carex obispoensis Stacey and elsewhere
Plumas, Siskiyou, Tuolu mne; Nevada, "San Luis Obispo sedge" Cyperaceae 432A, 642A, 642B, 690C
and elsewhere Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
396A, 456A, 522C, 524A, 590D, 607C, Monterey, San Lu is Obispo ows and seeps; elevation 600-3200
607D, 608D, 625A, 625B, 674A, 682B meters.
245C, 246B, 246C, 247D, 2 7 1 A, 271 B,
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous 272A, 295C, 296B, 320D Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
forest, meadows and seeps, marshes and Need quads for Alpine Cou nty.
swamps, u pper montane coniferous for­ Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral ,
est; elevation 1 200-2700 meters. coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / often serpentinite Carex praticola Ryd b.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms seeps; elevation 1 0-790 meters.
June-August. "meadow sedge" Cyperaceae
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Possi bly more widespread in the Sierra April-June.
Nevada. Del Norte, Humboldt, Madera, Mono,
Threatened by grazing. Tuolumne; Idaho, Oregon, Washi ngton ,
a n d elsewhere
Carex livida (Wa h l . ) Wi l l d .
Carex occidentalis Bai l ey 397B, 454A, 472C, 670C, 671 D, 672C,
" livid sedge" Cyperaceae 696A, 704A, 706D, 740C
"western sedge" Cyperaceae
List 1A
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
Mendoci no*; I daho, Oregon , Washing­ 0-3200 meters.
ton , and elsewhere Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
569D* and elsewhere On review l ist in Oregon.
Bogs and fens; elevation 0 meters.

1
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 111

Carex saliniformis Mackenzie Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
March-May. May-J u ly.
"deceivi ng sedge" Cyperaceae
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano See Leaflets of Western Botany 9( 1 2 ) :
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
45(3):261 ( 1 998) for original description. 1 85-1 87 ( 1 961 ) for original descri ption.
Humboldt, Mendocino, Santa Cruz*,
Sonoma
Carex sheldonii M kze. Carex vallicola Dewey
407C* , 408 D*, 503B, 537A, 537B,
552B, 5 52C, 569A, 569D, 585D, 689A, "Sheldon's sedge" Cyperaceae "valley sedge" Cyperaceae
706D List 2 / RED 2-2-1 List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, meadows Lassen, Modoc, Placer, Pl umas; Idaho, Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Sierra;
and seeps, marshes and swamps (coastal Oregon , Utah , and elsewhere Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,
salt) / mesic; elevation 3-230 meters. 587B, 588A, 588C, 604D, 605C, 606C, Oregon , Utah, Washington, Wyoming,
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms 675A, 677A, 677B, 692A, 692D and elsewhere
J une. Lower montane coniferous forest ( mesic), 488A, 489D, 505A, 570A, 673B, 724B
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripari­ Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
36(8):477 ( 1 909) for original description. an scrub; elevation 1 200-1 755 meters. mesic; elevation 1 52 5-2805 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Carex scirpoidea Michx. ssp. May-August. J u ly-August.
pseudoscirpoidea ( Ryd b. ) D.A. Need q uads for Placer County. Threat­ State-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ngton.
D u n lop ened by grazing. On review list in Idaho. See Americanjournal ofScience I I 82:40
( 1 86 1 ) for original description.
"si ngle-spi ked sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Carex tahoensis S m i l ey
Carex viridula Michx. var. viridula
Inyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexi­ "Tahoe sedge" Cyperaceae
co, Oregon, Washi ngton, Wyom ing, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 "green sedge" Cyperaceae
Utah, and elsewhere El Dorado, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne List 2 / RED 3-1-1
41 4B, 41 5A, 453 B Al pine boulder and rock field, subalpine Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no; and
Alpine bou lder and rock field, meadows coniferous forest (rocky); elevation elsewhere
and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest 2835-38 1 0 meters. 689A, 689C, 723B, 739C, 740B, 740C
(rocky) / mesic, often carbonate; Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
elevation 3200-3700 meters. July-August. (freshwater), North Coast coni ferous for­
Peren nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms See University of California Publications est ( mesic); elevation 0-1 600 meters.
J u ly-September. in Botany 9 : 1 1 9 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for origi nal Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-September.
Possibly threatened by grazing. See Mem­ descri ption. Does this plant occur in the Sierra Neva­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 : 78 da? Need quads for Mendocino County.

t
( 1 900) for original descri ption, and
Carex tiogana D.W. Taylor & J .
Navan 7:355-356 ( 1 997) for revised
nomenclature. Mastrogiuseppe Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
"Tioga Pass sedge" Cyperaceae "fox sedge" Cyperaceae
Carex scoparia Schk. List 18 / RED 3-1 -3 List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Mono Butte, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Tri nity;
"pointed broom sedge" Cyperaceae
453C, 471 D Arizona, Oregon , and elsewhere
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Meadows and seeps ( mesic, lake mar­ 560A, 577B, 577C, 594D, 628B, 628C,
Pl umas, Shasta; Oregon , and elsewhere
gi ns); elevation 3 1 00-3300 meters. 629A
628B
Perennial herb, bloomsJuly-August. Marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripar­
Great Basin scrub (mesic); elevation ian woodland; elevation 30-1 200 meters.
1 30- 1 000 meters. Known from only three small occur­
rences. See Novon 9( 1 ): 1 20 ( 1 999) for Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
original descri ption. Need quads for Siskiyou and Tri nity
Need quads for Plumas County. counties.
Carex tompkinsii J .T. Howe II
Carex serpenticola P. F. Zi ka Carex whitneyi
"Tom pkins's sedge" Cyperaceae
"serpenti ne sedge" Cyperaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Considered but rejected : too common
List 2 / RED 2-1-2
State Rare
Del Norte; Oregon
Fresno, Mariposa, Tuolumne
738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 73 9C, 740A,
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
740D
montane coniferous forest, upper mon­
Meadows and seeps (mesic, serpenti­ tane coniferous forest / sometimes
n ite); elevation 60-1 200 meters. granitic; elevation 420-1 830 meters.
112 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Carlowrightia arizonica Gray Carpenteria californica Torr. Need q uads for H u m boldt County.
Threatened by development and recre­
"Arizona carlowrightia" Acanthaceae "tree-anemone" Philadelphaceae ational activities. See Proceedings ofthe
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 List 1 8 I RED 3-2-3 Academy ofNatural Sciences ofPhiladelphia
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, and State Threatened 99: 1 83 ( 1 947) for original description,
elsewhere Fresno, Madera and Novon 2(3): 1 85 ( 1 992) for revised
32B, 47C nomenclature.
377A, 396C, 397B, 397C, 397D, 398A
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy, granitic Chaparral, cismontane wood land / usu­
alluvi u m ) ; elevation 28S-430 meters. ally gran itic; elevation 340-1 340 meters. Castilleja affinis H . & A ssp.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-May. Shrub (evergreen) , blooms May-J u ly. neglecta (Zeile) Chuang & Heckard
Known i n Cal ifornia from only one Known from only seven occu rrences. "Ti buron I ndian pai ntbrush"
extended popu lation at Anza Borrego There are h istorical reports of i ntroduced Scrophu lariaceae
SP and on adjacent private land. Possi­ plants in Madera County. Threatened by List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
bly threatened by recreational activities. development, road construction, logging, State Threatened/Federal
See Madrano 35(3 ):279 ( 1 988) for d i stri­ vehicles, and overgrazing. Special man­ Endangered
bution in California. agement is necessary since reprod uction Marin, Napa, Santa Clara
is fire dependent. Protected in part at
Carpenteria BA (USFS). See Aliso 406B, 466B, 482B, 484C
Carlquistia muirii (Gray) B.G.
Baldwi n 2( 2): 1 1 5-1 1 8 ( 1 950) for species Valley and foothi l l grassland (serpenti­
account, and Fremontia 1 0(4): 2 1 -22 n ite); elevation 60-400 meters.
" M u ir's tarplant" Asteraceae ( 1 983) for discussion of propagation. Perennial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 April-J une.
Fresno, Kern, Monterey, Tulare Cassia covesii Known from six occurrences. Protected in
258B, 284D, 285D, 3 3 1 C, 343C, 353C, See Senna covesii part at Ring Mtn. Preserve, Mari n Coun­
353D, 374B, 374C, 374D, 375A, 375B, ty. Threatened by development, gravel
376A, 394C mining, and grazing.
Castela emoryi (Gray) Moran &
Chaparral (montane), lower montane
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ Felger
Castilleja ambigua H . & A ssp.
erous forest; elevation 1 1 00-2500 "crucifixion thorn" Simarou baceae humboldtiensis ( Keck) Chuang &
meters. List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Heckard
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no; Ari­
J u ly-August. zona, Sonora (Mexico) " H u m boldt Bay owl's-clover"
A synonym of Raillardiopsis muirii in The Scrophu lariaceae
6A, 6B, 26B, 30D, 41 B, 62A, 62B, 77D,
Jepson Manual. See Botany ofCalifornia List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
1 00A, 1 22A, 1 22B, 1 47C, 1 48B, 1 5 1 C,
1 : 6 1 8 ( 1 876) for original descri ption, 1 52D, 1 54A, 1 54B?, 1 74A, 1 8 1 C, 204C H umboldt, Mendoci no, Mari n
and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for revised Mojavean desert scrub, playas, Sonoran 485B, 485D, 568C, 569D, 655A, 672B,
nomenclature. desert scrub / gravel ly; elevation 90-670 672C, 672D, 689A
meters. Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
Carnegiea gigantea ( Engel m . ) Britt. Shrub (decid uous), blooms April-J u ly. elevation 0-3 meters.
& Rose Protected in part at Crucifixion Thorn Annual herb (hem iparasitic), blooms
"saguaro" Cactaceae Natural Area ( B LM ), Im perial County. Apri I-August.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Threatened by coastal development. See
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino; Ari­ Castilleja affinis H . & A ssp. litoralis Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
zona, Sonora ( M exico) and Sciences IV 1 6:536 ( 1 927) for original
( Pe n n e l l ) Ch uang & Heckard description, Systematic Botany 1 6( 4):
1 1 E, 1 1 F, 26A, 26B, 41 D, 75, 94B, 1 20C, "Oregon coast I n d ian paintbrush" 644-666 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomencla­
1 2 1 C, 1 2 1 D Scro p h u I ari aceae ture, and Madrano 45( 4 ):326 for d istribu­
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation List 2 / RED 2-2-1 tion i nformation.
50- 1 500 meters. Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino;
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms Oregon Castilleja arachnoidea ssp.
May-J u ne. 585A, 585D, 740B, 740C arachnoidea
Need precise local ity i nformation for Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes, Considered but rejected: too common; a
quad 75. State flower of Arizona, where coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 1 5-1 00 synonym of C. arachnoidea
state-listed as High ly Safeguarded. See meters.
journal ofthe New York Botanical Garden
9 : 1 88 ( 1 908) for revised nomenclature. Perennial herb, blooms J u ne. Castilleja arachnoidea ssp.
schizotricha
See Castilleja schizotricha

1
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 13

Castilleja arachnoidea ssp. Castilleja densiflora ( Ben th .) Castilleja grisea D u n kle

shastensis Ch uang & Heckard ssp. obispoensis "San Clemente Island I n d ian paintbrush"
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C. ( Keck) Ch uang & Heckard Scrophu lariaceae
arachnoidea; a common taxon List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
"Obispo I n d ian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae State Endangered/Federal
Castilleja brevilobata List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Endangered
See Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata San Lu is Obispo San Clemente Island
221 B, 222A, 246C, 246D, 247A, 247D, SCMC, SCMN, SCMS
Castilleja campestris ( Benth . ) 271 B, 271 D, 2 72A, 296D Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub /
Ch uang & Heckard ssp. succulenta Val ley and foothi l l grassland; elevation rocky; elevation 1 0-535 meters.
( Hoov. ) Ch uang & H eckard 1 0-400 meters. Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
Annual herb, blooms Apri l. December-August.
"succu lent owl's-clover"
Scrophulariaceae Threatened by development. See Proceed­ Feral herbivores removed from San
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences IV Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
1 6 :539 ( 1 927) for original description, i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
State Endangered/Federal
and Systematic Botany 1 6:656 ( 1 99 1 ) for Academy ofSciences 42:31 ( 1 943) for origi­
Threatened nal description .
revised nomenclature.
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Mariposa, San
Joaq u i n , Stanislaus
Castilleja d isticha Castilleja hispida Benth. ssp.
377B, 378B, 378D, 379A, 379D*, 398C,
398D, 399C, 420C, 42 1 A, 42 1 B, 42 1 C, Considered but rejected: too common; a brevilobata ( Pi per) Ch uang &
421 D, 422A, 422B, 440D, 441 A, 478B synonym of C. applegatei ssp. disticha Heckard
Vernal pools (often acidic); elevation "short-lobed I nd ian paintbrush"
50-750 meters. Casti lleja elata Scrophulariaceae
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms See Castilleja miniata ssp. elata List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
April-May. Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Threatened by u rbanization, agriculture, Castilleja ewanii Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
flood control, grazing, and trampl ing. See See Castilleja montigena pentin ite, edges and openi ngs); elevation
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 ( 1 9): 228-229 1 20-1 700 meters.
( 1 936) for original descri ption, and Sys­ Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
tematic Botany 1 6( 4):644-666 ( 1 991 ) for Castilleja exserta ssp. venusta
Apri 1-J u ly.
revised nomenclature. Considered but rejected: too common
On review list in Oregon . See Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington
Castilleja cinerea Gray Castilleja franciscana 3 3 : 1 64 ( 1 920) for original descri ption,
"ash-gray I ndian paintbrush" Considered but rejected : too common; a and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Scrophulariaceae synonym of C. subinclusa ssp. franciscana Garden 2 1 :33-35 ( 1 971 ) for revised
nomenclature.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened Casti lleja gleasonii Elmer
San Bernard i no
Castilleja hololeuca
" Mt. Gleason I ndian paintbrush"
Scroph u l ariaceae See Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 06A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
MoJavean desert scrub, meadows and
seeps, pebble ( pavement) plain, pi nyon State Rare Castilleja lanata Gray ssp.
and j u n iper wood land, upper montane Los Angeles hololeuca (Greene) Ch uang &
coniferous forest (clay open ings); 1 36A, 1 3 6B, 1 3 6C, 1 36D Hec kard
elevation 1 800-283 5 meters.
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon "white-felted I ndian pai ntbrush"
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms and j u n i per wood land / granitic; Scrophulariaceae
J u ne-August. elevation 1 1 60-2 1 70 meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
rences in the eastern San Bernardino May-J u ne. Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, develop­
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. ANAC, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SM I E,
ment, non-native plants, and grazing. See
Threatened by proxim ity to campgrou nds, SM IW, SRON
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 9:93 ( 1 883) for original fuelwood cutting, and vehicles. See C. pru­ Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
description. inosa in TheJepson Manual. Angeles NF has coastal scru b / rocky; elevation 20-365
adopted species management guideli nes. meters.
See Botanical Gazette 39:51 ( 1 905) for
Castilleja culbertsonii Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
original description.
February-Septem ber.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
lemmonii; a common taxon Threatened by feral herbivores on Santa
Cruz and Santa Rosa islands; also by
grazing on Santa Rosa Island.
1 14 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Castilleja lasiorhyncha (Gray) Castilleja mendocinensis ( Eastw. ) Castilleja montigena Heckard

Chuang & Heckard Pen n . "Heckard's I n d ian paintbrush "
"San Bernard i n o Mou ntains owl's-clover" " Mendocino coast I nd ian paintbrush" Scrophu lariaceae
Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 18 / RED 2-2-3 San Bernard ino
Riverside*, San Bernard ino Humboldt, Mendocino Lower montane con iferous forest, pinyon
66B*, 83C*, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 06A, 537C, 537D, 552B, 552C, 553A, 569A, and j u n i per woodland, upper montane
1 06B, 1 07A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32C, 1 33 D 569D, 585A, 585D, 60 1 B, 601 D, 689C coniferous forest; elevation 1 950-2800
meters.
Chaparral, meadows and seeps, pebble Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
( pavement) plain, upper montane conif­ ous forest, coastal du nes, coastal prarie, Perennial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
erous forest / mesic; elevation 1 300-2390 coastal scrub; elevation 0-1 60 meters. May-August.
meters. Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms Presumed to be a stabil ized species of
Ann ual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms April-August. hybrid origi n, with C. applegatei ssp. mar­
J u ne-August. Threatened by coastal development,
tinii and C. angustifolia as parents; see the
former in TheJepson Manual. See Systematic
Threatened by veh icles and recreation. See recreation, non-native plants, and habi­
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts tat fragmentation. Related to C. affinis
Botany 5 ( 1 ):71 -85 ( 1 980) for d iscussion
of origin and taxonomy.
and Sciences 1 2:82 ( 1 876) for original ssp. litoralis.
description, and Systematic Botany 1 6( 4 ):
644-666 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomenclature. Castilleja neglecta
Castilleja miniata Hook. ssp. elata
See Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
( Pi per) M u nz
Castilleja lassenensis
"Siskiyou I n d ian pai ntbrush"
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. Castilleja payneae
Scrophulariaceae
lemmonii; a common taxon
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
arachnoidea; a common taxon
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Castilleja latifolia H . & A.
698C, 721 C, 738A, 738D, 739A, 739B,
"Monterey I ndian pai ntbrush" 739C, 739D, 740A, 740D Castilleja peirsonii
Scrophulariaceae Considered but rejected: too common
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 forest (seeps) / often serpentinite;
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo elevation 0- 1 750 meters. Castilleja pilosa ssp. jusselii
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­ Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms Considered but rejected: too common; a
tane wood land (openi ngs), coastal May-August. synonym of C. pilosa
dunes, coastal scrub / sandy; elevation Some speci mens confused with C. miniata
0-1 8S meters. ssp. miniata. Castilleja plagiotoma Gray
Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
February-September. "Mojave I n dian paintbrush"
Castilleja mollis Pen n . Scrophulariaceae
Threatened by non-native plants and
"soft-leaved I nd ian pai ntbrush" List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
sand min ing.
Scro p h u lariaceae Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no, San
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Luis Obispo
Castilleja latifolia ssp. latifolia
Federal Endangered Great Basin scrub (alluvial), Joshua tree
See Castilleja latifolia "woodland", lower montane coniferous
San Miguel Island ?*, Santa Rosa Island
forest, pinyon and jun iper woodland;
SMIW?* , SRON, SROW elevation 300-2500 meters.
Castilleja latifolia ssp.
mendocinensis Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes; Peren nial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
elevation 5-20 meters. April-June.
See Castilleja mendocinensis
Perenn ial herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
April-August.
Castilleja leschkeana Castilleja praeterita
Known from Carrington Pt. Peninsula Considered but rejected : too common
Considered but rejected: not in Califor­ and west ofJaw Gulch ( both Santa Rosa
n ia; name m isappl ied to C. chrymactis, Island); also one unconfirmed location at
native to Alaska, extinct waif in California Pt. Bennett (San Miguel Island ), where Castilleja psittacina
not seen since 1 938, despite recent sur­ Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Castilleja longispica veys. Mainland plants previously i ncl uded pilosa; a common taxon
i n C. mollis are C. affinis ssp. affinis. Threat­
Considered but rejected: too common
ened by cattle grazing and trampli ng,
feral herbivores, and non-native plants. Castilleja rubicundula U eps.)
Castilleja martinii var. clokeyi Likely parasitic on /socoma menziesii var. Ch uang & H eckard ssp. rubicundula
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. sedoides. See Madrano 38(2) : 1 4 1 - 1 42 " p i n k creamsacs" Scrophulariaceae
applegatei ssp. martinii; a com mon taxon ( 1 99 1 ) for taxonomic reassessment. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Napa
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 115

532C, 5320, 547B, 547C, 5470, 548A, Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. Caulanthus glaucus
561 D, 563C, 564D, 5 76B, 593C* , 594D Known from approximately five occur­ Considered but rejected : too common
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­ rences in the San Rafael Mtns. Possibly
land, meadows and seeps, valley and threatened by grazing. See Leaflets ofWest­
Caulanthus heterophyllus var.
foothill grassland / serpentinite; elevation ern Botany 9:223 ( 1 962) for original
20-900 meters. description . pseudosimulans
Considered but rejected : not yet pub­
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
l ished
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng, vehicles, Caulanthus californicus (Wats. )
and road construction. See Manual ofthe Pays.
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 943 (1 925) Caulanthus major Uones) Pays. var.
"Californ ia jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
by W.L. Jepson for original description, nevadensis Rol l .
and Systematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):658 ( 1 99 1 ) List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"slender jewelflower" Brassicaceae
for taxonomic treatment. State Endangered/Federal
Endangered List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -1
Fresno, Ki ngs*, Kern, Santa Barbara, San Alpine, Lassen, Plu mas; Nevada, Oregon
Castilleja schizotricha Green m .
Lu is Obispo, Tulare*, Ventura* Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (often
"split-hair I nd ian paintbrush" rocky); elevation 1 500-2500 meters.
1 9 1 B*, 1 9 1 C* , 1 92A, 1 92 B * , 1 920,
Scrophu lariaceae Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
2 1 4A*, 2 1 6 B * , 2 1 7C, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A*,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 2 1 90*, 239B*, 239A*, 2390*, 240A*, Candidate for state l isting in Oregon .
Siskiyou; Oregon 240B*, 242 B*, 244C, 2 6 2 D * , 2640*,
Upper montane coniferous forest 265A, 265C*, 266A*, 266B*, 267A*,
(decomposed granitic or marble); 287B* , 287C*, 2870*, 2880*, 291 B * , Caulanthus simulans Pays.
elevation 1 500-2300 meters. 29 1 C* , 291 0*, 3 1 0C*, 3 1 1 A* , 3 1 4A*, " Payson's jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
Peren nial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms 31 4C*, 31 5A*, 31 5C* , 3 1 5D List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
J u ly-August. Chenopod scrub, pi nyon and juni per Riverside, San Diego
Endangered in Oregon. wood land, valley and footh i l l grassland I
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy,
sandy; elevation 70-1 000 meters.
granitic; elevation 90-2200 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms February-May.
Castilleja subinclusa ssp. Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Need historical quads for Ventura County.
franciscana Confused with C. heterophyllus var. pseu­
Over 35 historical occurrences extirpated;
Considered but rejected : too common new populations recently discovered.
dosimulans (unpubl ished), which is more
coastal and, unl ike C. simulans, appears
Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
after fires. Some populations threatened
Castilleja u liginosa Eastw. energy development, and grazing, and
by proposed reservoir construction, but
possibly by non-native plants. See Fremon­
" Pitkin M arsh I nd i an paintbrush" many populations occur on public lands
tia 1 6( 1 ): 1 8-1 9 ( 1 988) for species
Scrophulariaceae (Anza Borrego SP, BLM, and USFS). Also
account.
List 1 A th reatened by urbanization, grazing, and
road construction.
State Endangered Caulanth us coulteri Wats. var.
Sonoma* lemmonii (Wats. ) M u nz Caulanthus stenocarpus
502A*
"Lem mon's jewelflower" Brassicaceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Marshes and swamps (freshwater); List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 heterophyllus var. heterophyllus; a common
elevation 60 meters. taxon
Alameda*, Fresno, Kings, Kern, Mon­
Pere n n ial herb ( hemiparasitic), blooms terey, Santa Barbara, San Benito, San
J une-J u ly. Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, Stanislaus, Cau lostramina jaegeri ( Ro l l . ) Rol l .
Known from two occurrences in Pitkin Ventura
Marsh and Trembley's Marsh. Last "Jaeger's cau lostrami na" Brassicaceae
1 66B, 1 90A, 1 9 1 B, 1 92B, 1 92C, 2 1 7C,
known remai ning plant died i n 1 987, List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
2 1 8A, 243D, 244A, 244B, 244C, 245A,
despite management efforts; field surveys 245D, 267A, 267B, 267C, 268A, 269B, I nyo
needed, although no access allowed by 269C, 270A, 291 B, 291 C, 292D, 293D, 349C, 350B, 350D, 392D
landowner after 1 987. See C. miniata ssp. 294C, 295A, 3 1 7A, 338B, 339A, 342D,
miniata in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
424B, 445A, 445D woodland, subal pine coniferous forest /
Western Botany 3: 1 66-1 1 7 ( 1 942) for
original description. Pinyon and juniper wood land, valley and carbonate, rocky; elevation 2 1 3 5-2800
footh ill grassland; elevation 80-1 220 meters.
meters. Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Wats. Annual herb, blooms March-May. Known from approximately five occur­
var. barbarae U T Howe l l ) M u nz Need q uads for San Benito Cou nty. rences in the I nyo Mtns. See Contributions
"Santa Barbara jewel-flower" Brassicaceae Threatened by development. See Pro­ from the Dudley Herbarium 3: 1 74 ( 1 941 )
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts for original description, and Contributions
Santa Barbara and Sciences 2 3 : 2 6 1 ( 1 888) for origi nal from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 55-1 57
descri ption, and Aliso 4(3 ) : 503 ( 1 960) ( 1 973) for revised nomenclature.
1 68B, 1 69A, 1 93C, 1 940 for revised nomenclature.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land / serpenti nite;
elevation 470-1 220 meters.
116 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Ceanothus arboreus Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral; Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Considered but rejected: too common elevation 235-755 meters. coniferous forest; elevation 900-2000
Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-J u ne. meters.
Need verification of specimens from Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-June.
Ceanothus confusus J .T. H owel l
quads 49B and 50A. Threatened by
" Rincon Ridge ceanothus" Rham n aceae development. Ceanothus gloriosus J. H owel l var.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
exaltatus J . H owe II
Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma
Ceanothus divergens Parry "glory brush" Rham naceae
500B, 50 1 A, 501 B, 502A* , 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
5 1 7C, 5 1 7D ? * , 5 1 8B, 5 1 9A, 533C, "Calistoga ceanothus" Rham n aceae List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
535A, 5350, 549A List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Lake, Napa, Sonoma Chaparral; elevation 30-6 1 0 meters.
cismontane wood land / volcanic or ser­ 500B, 501 A, 501 B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7B, 5 1 7C, Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms March-May.
pentinite; elevation 75-1 065 meters. 5 1 70, 533C I
See Leaflets of Western Botany 2:44 ( 1 937)

1
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Chaparral (serpentinite or volcanic, for original descri ption.
February-Apri l . rocky); elevation 1 70-950 meters.
Threatened by development. Closely relat­ Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Ceanothus gloriosus j .T. Howe l l
ed to C. prostratus. See Leaflets ofWestern February-March. I

Botany 2 : 1 60-1 62 ( 1 939) for original var. gloriosus

Threatened by development in The Gey­
description. sers geothermal area. Closely related to " Point Reyes ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
C. purpureus. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Ceanothus cuneatus var. Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma
decumbens Ceanothus ferrisae M c M i n n Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­
Considered but rejected: not published ous forest, coastal du nes, coastal scrub /
"Coyote ceanothus" Rhamnaceae sandy; elevation 5-520 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
Ceanothus cuneatus ( H ook.) N utt. Federal Endangered
var. fascicularis ( M cM i n n ) Hoov. Santa Clara
Ceanothus gloriosus J .T. H owel l
" Lo m poc ceanothus" Rhamnaceae 406A, 406B, 407D
var. porrectus J .T. Howe l l
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo foothill grassland / serpentin ite; elevation " Mt. Vision ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae
1 20-460 meters. List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 5-400
meters. Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-May. Marin
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Known from fewer than five occurrences 485B, 485C, 4850
February-Apri l. in the Mt. Hami lton Range. Threatened Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal
Threatened by non-native plants. See by expansion of Anderson Reservoir spill­ prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh ill
Ceanothus, p. 250 ( 1 942) by H. McMinn way, development, and alteration of fire grassland; elevation 25-305 meters.
for original description, and Leaflets of regimes. See Madrano 2 ( 1 1 ):89-90 Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Western Botany 1 0( 1 6):350 ( 1 966) for ( 1 933) for original description. February-May.
revised nomenclature. Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
Ceanothus foliosus Parry var. rences in the Mt. Vision area near Pt.
Ceanothus cuneatus ( Hook.) N utt. vineatus McMi n n Reyes. Some plants destroyed by quarry­
var. rigid us ( N utt. ) Hoov. i ng; occurs in areas grazed by cattle.
"Vi ne H i l l ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
"Monterey ceanothus" Rham naceae List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Mendoci no*, Sonoma Ceanothus hearstiorum H oov. &
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo 502A
Roof
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Chaparral; elevation 45-305 meters. "H earst's ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae
coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 3-200 List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
meters. State Rare
Nearly extirpated in Sonoma Cou nty;
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-April. now confirmed from only one occur­ San Luis Obispo
Threatened by development. l ntergrades rence. Known from one h istorical occur­ 271 B, 272A
with var. fascicularis in San Lu is Obispo rence in Mendocino County, but u nable Chaparral ( maritime), coastal prarie,
County. to relocate; need quads. coastal scrub; elevation 75-245 meters.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms March-April .
Ceanothus cyaneus Eastw. Ceanothus fresnensis Abrams Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
" Lakeside ceanoth us" Rham naceae "Fresno ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae Possibly threatened by grazing. See Four
List 18 / RED 3-2-2 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Seasons 2: 1 -5 ( 1 966) for original
Riverside?, San Diego; Baja California Calaveras, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, description.
1 0A, 1 0C, 20A, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 C, Tu lare, Tuolumne
2 1 D, 22B, 49B?, 50A?

l
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 117

Ceanothus impressus var. Shrub (evergreen), blooms Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J u ly.
impressus December-April . Known only from the Kern Plateau. Mate­
Considered but rejected: too common Last seen on San Miguel Island in 1 886. rial from the Klamath Mtns. sim ilar and
needs fu rther study. See Contributions from
the U.S. National Herbarium 4:80 ( 1 893) for
Ceanothus impressus var. Ceanothus megacarpus var.
. . pendulus
original description.
mpomens1s
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C. Considered but rejected : a synonym of
C. megacarpus var. megacarpus; a com mon Ceanothus prostratus var. laxus
impressus; a common taxon Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
taxon
prostratus; a com mon taxon
Ceanothus insularis
See Ceanothus megacarpus var. insularis
Ceanothus ophiochilus Boyd, Ross
& Arnseth Ceanothus purpureus J eps.

Rhamnaceae "holly-leaved ceanoth us" Rham naceae

Ceanothus jepsonii var. albiflorus "Vail Lake ceanoth us"
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Considered but rejected: too common List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
Napa, Solano, Sonoma
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened 482B, 499B, 499C, 500A, 5 1 6C, 5 1 9C
Ceanothus j e pson ii var. j e pson ii
Riverside Chaparral, cismontane woodland I vol­
Considered but rejected: too common canic, rocky; elevation 1 20-640 meters.
498, SOA
Chaparral (gabbroic or pyroxenite-rich Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Ceanothus maritimus H oov. February-J u ne.
outcrops); elevation 580- 1 065 meters.
" m ariti me ceanothus" Rham naceae Threatened by agriculture, residential
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 February-March. development, and alteration of fire
regi mes. See A Flora of Western Middle Cali­
State Rare Known from only three occurrences near fornia , p. 258 ( 1 90 1 ) by W. L. Jepson for
San Lu is Obispo Vail Lake; first discovered in 1 989. Threat­ origi nal descri ption, and Fremontia 1 5( 4 ) :
271 B, 272A ened by proposed development, alteration 2 5-26 ( 1 988) for species account.
of fire regimes, firebreak construction, and
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral ( mar­
long-term hybridization with C. crassifolius.
itime), valley and foothi l l grassland; Ceanothus rigidus
See Phytologia 70(1 ): 28-41 ( 1 99 1 ) for orig­
elevation 1 0- 1 50 meters. See Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus
inal description.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Jan uary-March.
Ceanoth us otayensis M c M i n n Ceanothus roderickii Knight
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Possibly threatened by grazi ng. See "Otay M ou ntai n ceanothus" Rham naceae "Pine H i l l ceanothus" Rham naceae
Leaflets ofWestern Bot.any 7( 4): 1 1 1 -1 1 2 List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
( 1 953) for original descri ption . San Diego; Baja California State Rare/Federal Endangered
l OA, l OB, l OD El Dorado
Ceanoth us masonii McMi n n Chaparral ( metavolcanic or gabbroic); 5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 527D
" M ason's ceanothus" Rhamnaceae elevation 600- 1 1 00 meters. Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January-Apri l . pentinite or gabbroic; elevation 260-630
State Rare Known in Cal ifornia only from the San meters.
Marin Miguel and Otay mou ntai ns. Probably Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J une.
origi nated as hybrid between C. crassifolius Known from approxi mately ten occur­
467B, 485A
and C. greggii var. perplexans; see the for­ rences. Threatened by residential devel­
Chaparral (rocky, serpentinite); elevation mer in TheJepson Manual. Threatened by opment and alteration of fire regimes.
430-500 meters. alteration of fire regi mes, and possi bly by See Four Seasons 2(4):23-24 ( 1 968) for
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l . Border Patrol activites. See Ceanothus original description.
2:273 ( 1 942) for original descri ption .
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. May be a variety of C. gloriosus. Ceanothus sonomensis J .T. Howe l l
See Madrano 6( 5): 1 71 -1 73 ( 1 942) for Ceanoth us papillosus var.
original description. roweanus "Sonoma cean oth us" Rham n aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected: too common
Ceanothus megacarpus N utt. var. Napa, Sonoma
insularis ( Eastw. ) M u nz Ceanothus pinetorum Cov.
500B, 500C, 50 1 A
Chaparral (sandy, serpentinite or vol­
"island ceanoth us" Rham naceae " Kern ceanothus" Rhamnaceae canic); elevation 2 1 5-800 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island, Inyo, Kern, Tulare February-April .
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­ Known from approximately ten occur­
San Miguel Island* , Santa Rosa Island
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane rences; only one occurrence known from
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 30-600 coniferous forest / rocky, granitic; Napa County. Seriously threatened by
meters. elevation 1 600-2745 meters. development. Closely related to C. cuneatus.
1 18 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Ceanothus verrucosus N utt. Celtis reticulata Centaurium namophilum var.

"wart-stemmed ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae Considered but rejected: too common nevadense
List 2 I RED 2-2-1 Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Centaurium exaltatum exaltatum; a common taxon
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 1 A, 228, 22C, 220, Considered but rejected: too common
35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D
Chaparral; elevation 1 -380 meters. Centaurium namophilum var.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms namophilum
December-Apri l . Considered but rejected: not i n Cal ifor­
Threatened by development. nia; misidentification of C. exaltatum; a
common taxon

Ceanothus ophiochilus
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 119

Centromadia parryi (Greene) Centromadia pungens ( H . & A. ) Known in California only from along the
Greene ssp. australis ( Keck) B.G. Greene ssp. laevis ( Keck) B.G. Colorado River. Threatened by develop­
ment. Hybrids with C. floridum ssp. floridum
Baldwi n Baldwin reported. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad
"southern tarplant" Asteraceae "smooth tarplant" Asteraceae Expedition 4:82 ( 1 8S7) for original descrip­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 tion, Contributions from the Cray Herbarium
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, Orange*, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San 70:66 ( 1 924) for revised nomenclature,
Santa Catalina Island ?, San Diego, Ven­ Diego and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
tura; Baja California Sciences IV 40:24-2 7 ( 1 974) for taxonomic
2 1 C, 32A* , 32B*, 3 5 D, 36A* , 36B*, treatment.
22B, 34C, 34D, 3SB, 3SD, 70D, 7 1 A, 47D* , SOB, 67B, 68A, 68C, 68D, 69A,
71 B, 72A, 88A, 88C*, 89B*, 89C*, 89D, 69B, 69D, 84C, 8SA, 8SB, 8SC, 8SD,
90A* , 90B*, 90D, l l OB*, l l l B* , l l l C* , 86A, 86B, 86D, 87A, 87B, 87D, 1 06B*, Cercocarpus betuloides T. & G var.
l l l D* , 1 1 3 B, 1 4 1 C(*?), 1 41 D, 1 43A, 1 06C, 1 07A, 1 07D*, 1 08C* blancheae (C. Schneider) Little
1 43B, SCTE? Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps, "island mou ntai n-mahogany" Rosaceae
Marshes and swamps (margins), valley playas, riparian woodland , valley and List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
and foothi l l grassland (vernally mesic), footh ill grassland / alkaline; elevation
Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
vernal pools; elevation 0-42S meters. 0-480 meters.
Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura
Annual herb, blooms May-November. Annual herb, blooms April-September.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral;
Need confirmation of Santa Catal ina Many h istorical occu rrences may be extir­ elevation 30-600 meters.
Island occu rrences. Many Orange County pated; need information. Freq uently con­
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-May.
occurrences recently extirpated. Many his­ fused with other Centromadia species such
torical occu rrences also extirpated; need as C. parryi ssp. australis in Orange and Does plant occur on other Chan nel
information. Population fragmentation a Los Angeles counties, and C. pungens ssp. Islands?
serious problem, and plant continues to pungens in Kern County. Need historical
be threatened by urbanization, vehicles, quads for Orange County. Threatened by Cercocarpus minutiflorus
and foot traffic. A synonym of Hemizonia agricultu re, u rbanization, and flood con­
Considered but rejected: too common
parryi ssp. australis in TheJepson Manual. See trol projects. A synonym of Hemizonia pun­
Madroflo 3 ( 1 ) : 1 S ( 1 93S) for original gens ssp. laevis in TheJepson Manual. See
description, and Novon 9:462-471 (1 999) Madroflo 3 : 1 4 ( 1 93 S ) for original descrip­ Cercocarpus traskiae Eastw.
for revised nomenclature. tion, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for
"Catalina Island mou ntain-mahogany"
revised nomenclature.
Rosaceae
Centromadia parryi (Greene) List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Greene ssp. congdonii ( Rob. & Centrostegia insignis State Endangered/Federal
Gree n m . ) B.G. Baldwi n See Aristocapsa insignis Endangered
"Congdon's tarplant" Asteraceae Santa Catal ina Island
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Centrostegia leptoceras SCTS
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey, Santa See Dodecahema leptoceras Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky,
Clara, Santa Cruz*, San Lu is Obispo, sausserite gabbro; elevation 1 00-2 SO
Solano* Centrostegia vortriedei meters.
246C, 342A?, 342 B*, 364C, 36SA, See Systenotheca vortriedei Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
36SB, 36SC, 36SD, 366D, 386B*, Known from only one occu rrence of 1 1
386C( * ? ), 427B, 427D*, 428A( * ? ), matu re trees in Wi ld Boar Gully; one of
446A, 446B, 446C, 447A*, 447B*, Cerastium beeringianum var.
the rarest trees in Californ ia. Mainland
464C, 464D, 46SA*, 482C* capillare
occurrence of one plant from Los Angeles
Val ley and foothi l l grassland (alkaline); Considered but rejected : too common County ( 1 1 3C) needs confirmation; pos­
elevation 1 -230 meters. sibly i ntroduced or hybrid with C. betu­
Annual herb, blooms June-November. Cercidium microphyllum (Torr. ) loides var. betuloides. Threatened by feral
Rose &jtn . herbivores and hybrid ization. Recovery
Severely threatened by development. A
work in progress. See Proceedings ofthe
synonym of Hemizonia parryi ssp. congdonii "l ittle-leaved palo verde" Fabaceae California Academy ofSciences I l l 1 : 1 36
i n TheJepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1 ( 1 898) for original description, and Con­
2 2 : 1 69 ( 1 896) for original descri ption,
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California, servation Bioloy 3 ( 1 ) : S 2-S8 ( 1 989) for
and Novon 9:462-47 1 ( 1 999) for revised
Sonora (Mexico) discussion of hybridization.
nomenclature.
Mojavean desert scrub ( rocky or gravel­
ly); elevation 4S-1 070 meters. Cereus giganteus
Centromadia parryi ssp. rudis
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-May. See Carnegiea gigantea
Considered but rejected : too common
1 20 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Chaenactis carphoclinia Gray var. 1 9 B, 1 9C, 20A, 48D, 49A, 65C, 66B, Chamaesyce abramsiana (Wheeler)
peirsonii U eps.) M u nz 66C, 66D, 83C Koutni k
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 1 3 00-2500
" Peirson's pincushion" Asteraceae "Abrams's spu rge" Euphorbiaceae
meters.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Imperial, Riverside?, San Diego Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Ari­
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of zona, Baja California, Nevada, Sonora
3 1 B, 3 1 D, 32A, 46D, 47D Arts and Sciences 20:299 ( 1 885) for origi­ (Mexico)
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation nal descri ption.
3-500 meters. 4B, 5A, 1 6A, 59C, 1 76A, 1 99C
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l . Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
Chaenactis suffrutescens Gray scrub / sandy; elevation 5-9 1 5 meters.
Known o n l y from t h e eastern Santa Rosa
"Shasta chaenactis" Asteraceae Annual herb, blooms
Mtns, where known from few collections.
Does plant occur in Riverside Cou nty? List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3 September-November.
See Madrano 1 ( 1 7):259 ( 1 929) for origi­ Siskiyou, Tri n ity See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
nal descri ption, and Manual ofSouthern 668B, 682A, 682B, 683 B, 683C, 684C, my ofSciences 33 : 1 09 ( 1 934) for original
California Botany, p. 567 ( 1 93 5 ) by P. 685B, 685C, 698B, 698C, 699B, 699C, descri ption, Madrano 32(3): 1 88 ( 1 985)
M u nz for revised nomenclature. 699D, 700A, 700D, 701 B, 7 1 6A, 71 7D?, for revised nomenclature, and Rhodora
71 8C, 71 8D, 733A 43:240 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Chaenactis douglasii ( Hook.) H . & Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
A var. alpina Gray montane coniferous forest / sandy, ser­ Chamaesyce arizonica ( Enge l m . )
penti nite; elevation 760-2800 meters. Arth ur
"alpine dusty maidens" Asteraceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 "Arizona spurge" Euphorbiaceae
Rare on the Shasta-Tri nity NF. Possibly List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Alpine, El Dorado, I nyo, Siskiyou,
th reatened by development.
Tuolumne; Nevada, Oregon , and else­ Imperial?, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
where Baja Cal iforn ia, and elsewhere
302A, 489C, 507A, 522C, 523B, 698B, Chaetadelpha wheeleri Gray 47B, 47C, 83D
698C " d u n e broom" Asteraceae Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
Alpine boulder and rock field (granitic); List 2 / RED 2-2-1 50-300 meters.
elevation 3000-3400 meters. I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Oregon Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Perenn ial herb, blooms July-September. 390C, 390D, 391 A, 391 B, 432A, 450C Undocumented i n I m perial County;
lntergrades downslope with var. douglasii. Desert d u nes, Great Basin scrub, need q uads. See Madrano 32(3 ) :
California plants are atypical; plants more Mojavean desert scrub / sandy; elevation 1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revision of
uniform outside California. See Synoptical 850- 1 900 meters. Chamaesyce nomenclature.
Flora ofNorth America 1 (2):341 ( 1 884) for
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
origi nal description, and Proceedings ofthe
Apri 1-Septem ber. Chamaesyce hooveri (Wheeler)
California Academy ofSciences 1 1 5:699
( 1 895) for additional information. Threatened by vehicles. See Proceedings of Koutni k
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences " H oover's spurge" Euphorbiaceae
9:2 1 8 ( 1 874) for original descri ption,
Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. var. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
and Madrono 2 1 (7) :459-462 ( 1 972) for
orcuttiana (Greene) Hall taxonomic treatment. Federal Threatened
Asteraceae Butte, Glenn, Merced, Stanislaus,
"Orcutt's pincushion"
Tehama, Tu lare
List 18 / RED 2-3-2 Chamaebatia austral is ( Bdg. )
333B, 334A, 402B, 441 A, 441 C, 441 D,
Los Angeles, Orange*, San Diego, Ventu­ Abrams
562B, 576B, 593B, 593C, 594A
ra; Baja California
"southern mou ntain m isery" Rosaceae Vernal pools; elevation 2 5-250 meters.
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36A, 36B, 36D, List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
52B*, 70C* , 71 D * , 90B, 1 1 4B, 1 41 D Annual herb, bloomsj uly-August.
Los Angeles, San Diego; Baja California
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy), coastal Threatened by grazing, agricu lture, and
Chaparral (gabbroic or metavolcan ic); non-native plants. See Proceedings ofthe
du nes; elevation 3-1 00 meters.
elevation 300-700 meters. Biological Society of Washington 53:9 ( 1 940)
Annual herb, blooms Jan uary-August.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms for original description, and Madrano
Threatened by development and recre­ November-May. 32(3 ): 1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revised
ation. See Western American Scientist 3: 1 57 nomenclature.
Threatened by agricu lture. See Madrono
( 1 887) for original description, and Uni­
27( 4):1 1 1 ( 1 980) for range extension
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
i nformation. Chamaesyce ocellata ( Dur. & H i lg.)
3 : 1 92 ( 1 907) for revised nomenclature.
M i l lsp ssp. rattanii (Wats. ) Koutn i k
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Chaenactis parishii Gray "Stony Creek spurge" Euphorbiaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
" Parish's chaenactis" Asteraceae Cupressus lawsoniana; a common taxon
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2 Colusa, Glenn, Tehama
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California 564A, 594B, 594C, 595A, 595C, 596A,
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis 596D, 6 1 20, 627C
See Cupressus nootkatensis
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 121

Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland Mojavean desert scru b ( rocky); elevation Reported from the Panamint Mtns. in A
(sandy or rocky); elevation 85-800 1 095-3 1 00 meters. Flora ofSouthern California ( 1 974) by P.
meters. Annual herb, blooms August-September. Munz; need quads. See Proceedings ofthe
Annual herb, blooms May-October. Biological Society of Washington 3 : 1 46 ( 1 9 1 8)
See Flora ofthe Southeastern United States, for original description, Madrono 25( 1 ):56
Need quads for Colusa County. Con­ p. 7 1 1 ( 1 903) by J . K. Small for revised ( 1 978) for distri butional i nformation,
fused with ssp. ocellata. See Proceedings of nomenclature, and Madrano 44(2):205 and Phytologia 41 (6):431 -437 ( 1 979) for
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences ( 1 997) for occu rrence information. nomenclature.
20:372 ( 1 885) for original description,
Rhodora 43 :97-1 54, 1 68-286 ( 1 941 ) for Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Mi l lsp.
taxonomic treatment, and Madrono Chenopodium gigantosperm um
32(3): 1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revised " Death Valley sand mat" Euphorbiaceae See Chenopodium simplex
nomenclature. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
I nyo, Kern, San Bernardino Chenopodium nevadense
Chamaesyce parishii Mojavean desert scru b (sandy or gravel­ Considered but rejected : too common
Considered but rejected: too common ly); elevation 230-1 300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October. Chenopodium simplex (Torr. ) Raf.
Chamaesyce parryi ( Enge l m . ) Ryd b. Threatened by veh icles and trampl ing.
"large-seeded goosefoot" Chenopod iaceae
See Field Columbian Museum Botanical Series
" Parry's spurge" Euphorbiaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
2(1 ) :403 ( 1 9 1 6) for original descri ption.
List 2 I RED 3-1-1 I nyo, Modoc, Pl u mas; a n d elsewhere
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, New Lower montane coniferous forest (open­
Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere Cheilanthes clevelandii
i ngs, disturbed areas), pinyon and juniper
1 76B, 1 77A, 1 77D, 201 C Considered but rejected: too common
woodland (carbonate); elevation
Desert d u nes, Mojavean desert scrub 1 400-2400 meters.
(sandy); elevation 395-730 meters. Cheilanthes clokeyi Annual herb, blooms June-October.
Annual herb, blooms May-November. Considered but rejected : not published
Known in Cali fornia only from the vici nity Chlorogalum grandiflorum H oov.
of Kelso. See American Naturalist 9:350 Cheilanthes cochisensis
"Red H i l l s soaproot" Li liaceae
( 1 875) for original description, and Bul­ See Astrolepis cochisensis
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 40:53
( 1 9 1 3 ) for revised nomenclature. Amador, El Dorado, Placer, Tuolumne
Cheilanthes fibrillosa 458B, 458C, 459A, 459D, 493 B, 509D,
Considered but rejected: a sterile hybrid 5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 525B, 527D
Chamaesyce pediculifera between C. covillei and C. newberryi
Considered but rejected: too common Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane con iferous forest / serpentinite
Cheilanthes lim itanea var. or gabbroic; elevation 245-1 005 meters.
Chamaesyce platysperma limitanea Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
( Engel m . ) S h i n ners See AT2J1rochosma limitanea var. limitanea May-J u ne.
"flat-seeded spurge" Euphorbiaceae Threatened by development, min ing, and
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Cheilanthes newberryi vehicles. Protected i n part at Red H i l ls
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardi no?, San Considered but rejected: too com mon ACEC ( BLM ), Tuolumne County. See
Diego; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico) Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2(8): 1 28 ( 1 938)
for original descri ption.
30D, 32C, 82C, 1 30B? Cheilanthes viscida
Desert d u nes, Sonoran desert scrub Considered but rejected : too com mon
(sandy); elevation 65-1 00 meters. Chlorogalum parviflorum
Considered but rejected : too common
Annual herb, blooms February­
Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon
September.
Known in California from only four "Wooton 's lace fern" Pteridaceae Chlorogalum pomeridianum ( DC.)
herbari u m collections (need confi rma­ List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 Ku nth. var. minus Hoov.
tion) and a 1 987 collection from Imperial Inyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cali­
"dwarf soaproot" Li liaceae
County. See Desert Plants 2 ( 2 ) : 1 04-1 OS fornia, Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
( 1 980) for species accou nt. (Mexico), Utah, and elsewhere
Colusa, Lake, San Lu is Obispo, Sonoma,
200A, 22SD
Tehama
Chamaesyce revoluta ( Engel m . ) Joshua tree "wood land", pi nyon and
246C, 246D, 247D, 5 1 9 D, 533C, 548A,
Small ju niper wood land / rocky; elevation
564D, 596A, 596B, 596C
1 600-1 900 meters.
"revolute spu rge" Eu phorbiaceae Chaparral ( serpenti nite ); elevation
List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), ferti le 305-1 000 meters.
May-October.
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego; Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Arizona, Baja California, Nevada, New May-August.
Mexico, Texas, and elsewhere
See Madrano 5( 5): 1 44 ( 1 940) for original
descri ption.
1 22 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Chlorogalum purpureum Bdg. var. Chorizanthe blakleyi Hard ham Plant may occur in Santa Clara County;
purpureum need more i nformation. Closely related
" Blakley's spineflower" Polygonaceae to C. pungens. Some plants from Pt. Reyes,
"purple amole" Li l iaceae List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Marin County ( 485B, 485C) to Bodega
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 Santa Barbara, Ventura Head , Sonoma County ( 502C, 5030)
Federal Threatened 1 66A, 1 66B, 1 92B, 1 92C, 1 93A, 1 93B, probably intermediate to var. villosa. See
1 93 0, 1 94C, 1 940 C. cuspidata in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­
Monterey
ceedings ofthe Davenport Academy ofNatural
295A, 295B, 295C, 3 1 8C* Chaparral; elevation 600- 1 600 meters.
Sciences 4:60 ( 1 884) for original descrip­
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. tion, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 27-1 29
and foothill grassland / gravel ly, clay; Possibly threatened by vehicles, recre­ ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
elevation 240-340 meters. ation, road mai ntenance, and non-native
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms plants. Closely related to C. palmeri. See Chorizanthe cuspidata Wats. var.
Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0:95 ( 1 964) for
April-J u ne.
original description, and Phytologia
villosa ( Eastw. ) M u nz
Known from only approxi mately five
66(2): 1 41 -1 42 ( 1 989) for taxonomic "woolly-headed spineflower" Polygonaceae
occu rrences near Jolon on Ft. H u nter
treatment. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Liggett. Threatened by foot traffic, vehi­
cles, and m i l i tary activities, and poten­ Mari n, Sonoma
tially by grazing. Chorizanthe breweri Wats. 485B, 485C, 502C, 503D
" Brewer's spineflower" Polygonaceae Coastal dunes, coastal prarie, coastal
Chlorogalum purpureum Bdg. var. List 18 / RED 3-1-3 scrub / sandy; elevation 3-60 meters.
reductum H oov. San Luis Obispo Annual herb, blooms May-August.
"Camatta Canyon amole" Lil iaceae 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 246B, 246C, 246D Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, See C. cuspidata in TheJepson Manual. See
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub / Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 30:485
State Rare/Federal Threatened ( 1 903) for original description, and Phy­
serpenti nite, rocky or gravel ly; elevation
San Luis Obispo tologia 66( 2): 1 27- 1 30 ( 1 989) for taxo­
45-800 meters.
245A nomic treatment.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Cismontane woodland (serpentin ite);
Known from approximately twenty occur­
elevation 600-6 1 5 meters.
rences. Possibly threatened by road con­
Chorizanthe douglasii Benth.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms struction. Closely related to C. staticoides. " Douglas's spineflower" Polygonaceae
Apri l-May. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known from only two occu rrences in the Arts and Sciences 1 2: 270 ( 1 877) for original Monterey, San Benito, San Lu is Obispo
La Panza Range. Threatened by vehicles, description, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 63-1 64
and potentially by grazing. A portion of ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Chaparral, cismontane woodland ,
one occu rrence has been fenced by CNPS coastal scrub, lower montane con iferous
and USFS, but vertical trespass sti ll forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
Chorizanthe californica var. 5 5-1 600 meters.
occurs. See Leaflets of Western Botany
1 0: 1 23 ( 1 964) for original description. suksdorfii Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Mucronea californica See Phytologia 66(2): 1 1 8-1 20 ( 1 989) for
Chorizanthe angustifolia taxonomic treatment.
Considered but rejected: too common Chorizanthe cuspidata Wats. var.
cuspidata Chorizanthe fimbriata var.
Chorizanthe biloba var. biloba "San Francisco Bay spineflower" fimbriata
Considered but rejected: too common Polygonaceae Considered but rejected : too common
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Alameda*, Marin, Santa Clara?, San Chorizanthe fimbriata var.
Chorizanthe biloba Good m . var. Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma?
immemora Rev. & Hard ham laciniata
448B, 448C, 448D, 466C, 466D*, 467A, Considered but rejected : too common
"San Ben ito spineflower" Polygonaceae 485B?, 485C?, 502C?, 5030?
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito coastal prarie, coastal scrub / sandy;
Chorizanthe howellii Good m .
3 1 6B, 340B, 340D, 385C elevation 3-2 1 5 meters. " Howell's spineflower" Polygonaceae
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Chaparral, cismontane wood land;
elevation 600-800 meters. State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Mendocino
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
See Phytologia 66(2): 1 37-1 3 9 ( 1 989) for 569A, 585D
original descri ption. Coastal d unes, coastal prarie, coastal
scru b / sandy; elevation 0-35 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 23

Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley Move to List 1 B? Location and rarity
Known from only seven occu rrences near and foothill grassland / rocky, serpenti­ i nformation needed. Known from about
Ten Mile River dunes north of Fort Bragg. nite; elevation 60-700 meters. twenty occurrences in Riverside County.
Threatened by recreational activities, vehi­ Annual herb, blooms May-August. Habitat dwindling rapidly due to urban­
cles, and non-native plants. Closely relat­ ization; may be extirpated from Los
Does plant occur in San Benito County?
ed to C. pungens. See Annals ofthe Missouri Angeles County. Previously confused with
Isolated populations show local differ­ C. procumbens; often misidentified as this
Botanical Garden 2 1 :44 ( 1 934) for original ences. Taxonomic revision in Phytologia
description, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 3 1 -1 32 plant. See Proceedin� ofthe American Acad­
66(4):295-441 ( 1 989) indicates species emy ofArts and Sciences 1 2 : 2 71 ( 1 877) for
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. occurs mainly in the Santa Lucia Mtns. of
original descri ption, and Phytologia
Montery and San Lu is Obispo counties. 66( 2 ) : 1 47-1 49 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
Chorizanthe insignis See Proceedin� ofthe American Academy of treatment.
See Aristocapsa insignis Arts and Sciences 1 2:271 ( 1 877) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(2 ): 1 35-1 37
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Chorizanthe polygonoides T. & G
Chorizanthe leptoceras var. longispina (Good m . ) M u nz
See Dodecahema leptoceras
Chorizanthe parryi Wats. var. "long-spined spineflower" Polygonaceae
fernandina (Wats. ) Jeps. List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Chorizanthe leptotheca Good m . Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
"San Fernando Valley spineflower"
" Pen insular spineflower" Polygonaceae Polygonaceae 9B, 1 1 B, 20A, 20D, 2 1 C?, 22A, 22B,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 33D?, 36D, 49A, 49B, 50A, 50B, 5 1 B,
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego; State Candidate/Federal Candidate 66D, 68B, 68C, 68D, 69B, 69C, 69D,
Baja California 85C, 86C, 86D
Los Angeles, Orange*, Ventura
Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane Chaparral, coastal scrub, meadows and
88D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 1 2B, 1 3 7C*, 1 3 7D*, seeps, valley and footh ill grassland /
coniferous forest / all uvial fan, granitic;
1 38A* , 1 38B, 1 38D*, 1 62B*
elevation 300- 1 900 meters. often clay; elevation 30-1 450 meters.
Coastal scrub (sandy); elevation
Annual herb, blooms May-August. Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
1 50- 1 220 meters.
Much habitat already lost to develop­ Much habitat already lost to develop­
An nual herb, blooms April-June. ment; also threatened by non-native
ment; also threatened by non-native
grasses. Closely related to and d ifficult to Rediscovered in 1 999; now known from grasses. See Leaflets of Western Botany
distinguish from C. staticoides. See Annals only two occurrences. Most historical 7(1 0):23 6 ( 1 955) for original descrip­
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 2 1 : 6 1 habitat is now heavily u rbanized. Serious­ tion, and Phytologia 66(2 ) : 1 76- 1 79
( 1 934) for original description, a n d Phy­ ly threatened by development. See Botany ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
tologia 66( 2 ) : 1 59-1 60 ( 1 989) for taxo­ ofCalifornia 2:481 ( 1 880) for original
nomic treatment. descri ption, and Phytologia 66(2 ) : 1 47- 1 49
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Chorizanthe procumbens
Considered but rejected : too common
Chorizanthe orcuttiana Parry
Chorizanthe parryi Wats. var.
"Orcutt's spineflower" Polygonaceae Chorizanthe pungens Benth . var.
parryi
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 hartwegiana Rev. & H ard ham
" Parry's spineflower" Polygonaceae
State Endangered/Federal "Ben Lomond spineflower" Polygonaceae
Endangered List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Los Angeles( * ? ) , Riverside, San List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
San Diego
Bernardino Federal Endangered
1 1 B, 22B, 22C*, 35C* , 36D
49B, 68A, 68B, 68C, 69A, 84A, 84B, Santa Cruz
Chaparral ( mariti me), closed-cone conif­ 86C, 86D, 1 06C, 1 06 D, 1 07A, 1 07B, 387B, 407C, 408A?, 408B, 408C, 408D
erous forest, coastal scrub / sandy open­ 1 07D, 1 08B, 1 08C, 1 1 0A( * ? ) , 1 1 0B(*?),
i ngs; elevation 3-1 25 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest ( mar­
1 1 3D(*?), 1 33C?
itime ponderosa pine sandhi l ls);
Annual herb, blooms March-May. Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy or elevation 90-6 1 0 meters.
Known from only three occu rrences i n rocky, openings; elevation 40- 1 705
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Encinitas a n d Pt. Loma. Most historical meters.
habitat urban ized . Threatened by foot Known only from sandhill parklands in
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
traffic. See Phytologia 66( 2 ): 1 83 ( 1 989) the Santa Cruz Mtns. Threatened by sand
for taxonomic treatment. mining, development, and non-native
plants. See C. pungens in TheJepson Manual.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
Chorizanthe palmeri Wats. 2 1 :37 ( 1 934) for original descri ption, and
" Palmer's spineflower" Polygonaceae Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 23-1 26 ( 1 989) for taxo­
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 nomic treatment, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):
8-1 1 ( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion.
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Benito?,
San Lu is Obispo
1 24 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Chorizanthe pungens Benth. var. Chorizanthe robusta Parry var. 4670*, 485C, 500C* , 502A* , 5 1 9C*
pungens robusta Coastal prarie (sandy); elevation 1 0-305
meters.
" Monterey spineAower" Polygonaceae "robust spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3 List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3 Annual herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
Federal Threatened Federal Endangered Thought extinct for 77 years; only known
extant occurrence was rediscovered i n
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo* Alameda*, Monterey, Santa Clara*,
1 980 a t Pt. Reyes N S . Closely related to
Santa Cruz, San Mateo*
271 B*, 342A, 365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C, C. pungens. See Proceedings ofthe American
3660, 386B, 386C, 387A, 3870, 4070 3 1 80*, 342A*, 366A, 3660*, 386B( * ? ) , Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2 : 2 7 1 ( 1 877)
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­ 387A, 387B, 3870, 407B* , 407C*, for original descri ption, Phytologia 66(2):
land, coastal du nes, coastal scrub, valley 4080( * ? ) , 427C*, 448B*, 465C* 1 32-1 34 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treat­
and footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation Cismontane woodland (openings), ment, Fremontia 1 8( 1 ): 1 7-1 8 ( 1 990) for
3-450 meters. coastal dunes, coastal scrub / sandy or species account, and Madrano 39(4):
gravel ly; elevation 3-300 meters. 271 -280 ( 1 992) and 40(4):285-288
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
( 1 993) for discussion of grazi ng effects.
Col lected in San Luis Obispo Cou nty only Annual herb, blooms April-September.
once ( 1 842). Threatened by urban ization, Most populations extirpated, and now
recreational development and activities, known from only four extended occur­ Chorizanthe ventricosa Good m .
agriculture, military activities, and non­ rences. Threatened by development, recre­ "potbell ied spineA ower" Polygonaceae
native plants. See C. pungens in TheJepson ation, mining, and non-native plants. See List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Manual. See Phytologia 66(2): 1 23-1 25 C. robusta in TheJepson Manual. See Phytolo­
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment, and Fre­ gia 66(2) : 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):8-1 1 Obispo
montia 24( 4 ):8-1 1 ( 1 996) for taxonomic
discussion. ( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion. Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothi l l grassland / serpenti n ite; elevation
65-1 235 meters.
Chorizanthe rectispina Good m . Chorizanthe spinosa Wats.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
"straight-awned spineAower" Polygonaceae " M ojave spineAower" Polygonaceae
Closely related to C. palmeri. See Leaflets of
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Western Botany 2(2): 1 93 ( 1 939) for origi­
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no nal description, and Phytologia 66(2): 1
Obispo Chenopod scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ 39- 1 40 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
1 96 0, 245A, 245B, 246A, 246B, 294B, land", Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
295A, 295B 6-1 300 meters. Chorizanthe vortriedei
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. See Systenotheca vortriedei
coastal scrub; elevation 200-1 035 Threatened by vehicles and energy devel­
meters. opment. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 :481
Chorizanthe wheeleri Wats.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. ( 1 880) by S. Watson for original descrip­
Known from approximately twenty occur­ tion, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 09-1 1 0 "Wheeler's spineAower" Polygonaceae
rences. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Garden 2 1 : 72 ( 1 934) for original descrip­ Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
tion, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 43 ( 1 989) for Chorizanthe staticoides ssp. Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
taxonomic treatment. chrysacantha footh ill grassland / gravelly or rocky;
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C. elevation 5-600 meters.
Chorizanthe robusta Parry var. staticoides; a common taxon Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
hartwegii ( Benth . ) Rev. & Morgan Mainland occurrences are C. staticoides; a
"Scott's Valley spineAower" Polygonaceae Chorizanthe staticoides var. closely-related widespread taxon. See Pro­
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 compacta ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 2:272 ( 1 877) for original descrip­
Federal Endangered Considered but rejected : a synonym of C. tion, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 64-1 66 ( 1 989)
Santa Cruz staticoides; a common taxon for taxonomic treatment.
407C, 4080
Meadows and seeps (sandy), valley and Chorizanthe stell ulata Chorizanthe xanti Wats. var.
foothi l l grassland ( m udstone and Purisi­ Considered but rejected : too common leucotheca Goodm .
ma outcrops); elevation 230-245 meters.
"wh ite-bracted spineA ower" Polygonaceae
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Chorizanthe valida Wats. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Known from only three occurrences i n "Sonoma spineAower" Polygonaceae Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino
Scotts Valley. Threatened b y development. List 18 / RED 3-3-3
See C. robusta in TheJepson Manual. See Phy­ 65C, 83A, 83B, 83C, 830, 84A, 870,
State Endangered/Federal 1 04C, 1 040, 1 07B, 1 62 0
tologia 67(5):357-360 ( 1 989) for revised
Endangered Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
nomenclature, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):8-1 1
( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion. Marin, Sonoma* j uniper woodland; elevation 300-1 200
meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 25

Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. Shrub (decid uous), blooms October. Cirsium ciliolatum ( Henders. ) J .T.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Howe l l
2 1 :60 ( 1 934) for original descri ption, Arts and Sciences 1 1 :75 ( 1 876) for original
"Ashland thistle" Asteraceae
and Phytologia 66(2): 1 60- 1 63 ( 1 989) for descri ption, and Erythea 3(6):94 ( 1 895)
taxonomic treatment. for revised nomenclature. List 2 / RED 3-3-1
State Endangered
Chrysothamnus albidus (Gray) Chrysothamnus parryi ssp. Siskiyo u ; Oregon
Greene bolanderi 733C, 733D
Considered but rejected : a hybrid Cismontane woodland, valley and
"white-flowered rabbitbrush" Asteraceae
between C. nauseosus ssp. albicaulis and footh ill grassland; elevation 800- 1 400
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 meters.
Ericameria discoidea
I nyo, Kern, Mono; Nevada, Utah
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas / saline or alkaline; elevation Cicuta bolanderi Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C. occu rrences. Threatened by agriculture
300-1 950 meters.
maculata var. bolanderi; a common taxon and road mai ntenance. On review l ist
Shrub (evergreen), blooms in Oregon . See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
J u ne-Novem ber. ical Club 27:348 ( 1 900) for original
Threatened by hydrological changes, and Cicuta maculata var. bolanderi descri ption.
possibly by vehicles and non-native Considered but rejected : too common
plants. Protected in part at Fish Slough Cirsium crassicaule (Greene) J e ps.
ACEC ( BLM ). See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ Cinna bolanderi Scri bner
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 7:209 "slough thistle" Asteraceae
( 1 882) for original descri ption, and " Bo lander's woodreed" Poaceae List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Erythea 3(7): 1 07 ( 1 895) for revised List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Kings, Kern, San Joaquin
nomenclature. Fresno, Mariposa, Tu lare 241 D, 264C, 265A, 265B, 265D, 289C,
Meadows and seeps, upper montane 444A, 462D
Ch rysotham nus axillaris coniferous forest / mesic, streamsides; Chenopod scrub, marshes and swamps
Considered but rejected: too common; a elevation 1 670-2440 meters. (sloughs), riparian scrub; elevation
synonym of C. viscidiflorus ssp. axillaris Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. 3-1 00 meters.
Possibly threatened by logging and graz­ Annual/perennial herb, blooms
Ch rysotham nus depressus ing. See Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural May-August.
Considered but rejected: too common Sciences ofPhiladelphia 1 884:290 ( 1 884) for Threatened by agriculture and non-native
original description, and Sida 1 4(4):590 plants. Population sizes fluctuate widely.
( 1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Ch rysotham nus gram ineus Hall
" Panamint rock-goldenrod" Asteraceae
Cirsium fontinale Greene var.
Cirsium and rewsii (Gray) J e ps.
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 campylon ( H . K. Shars m . ) Kei l & C.
" Franciscan thistle" Asteraceae Turner
I nyo, San Bernard i no?; Nevada
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
325D, 372A, 392D, 41 0C " Mt. H a m i lton thistle" Asteraceae
Contra Costa, Mari n , San Francisco, San
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, subalpine List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mateo* , Sonoma( * ? )
coniferous forest / carbonate, rocky; Alameda, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
409A* , 448B, 465B, 466C, 467D, 485A,
elevation 2200-2900 meters. 485B, 485C, 4850, 502C, 5030(*?) 406A* , 406B, 407A, 407B, 425B, 426A,
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August. 426C, 426D, 427D, 445D
Broadleaved upland forest, coastal bluff
Known from the Inyo and Panamint scrub, coastal prarie, coastal scrub / Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
mountains. Does plant occur in San mesic, sometimes serpenti n ite; elevation and foothill grassland / serpenti n ite
Bernard i no County? See Muhlenbergia 0-1 3 5 meters. seeps; elevation 1 00-890 meters.
2 :342 ( 1 9 1 6) for original descri ption. Perennial herb, blooms March-July. Perennial herb, blooms February­
October.
Threatened by development and non­
Chrysotham n us greenei (Gray) native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ Threatened by urbanization, trampl ing,
Greene can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:45 and grazing. See Phytologia 73(4):3 1 2-3 1 7
( 1 874) for original descri ption, and A ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
"Greene's rabbitbrush" Asteraceae
Flora of Western Middle California , p. 506
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 ( 1 90 1 ) by W. L. Jepson for revised
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, nomenclature.
Utah, and elsewhere
279A, 346B, 348B, 41 1 A Cirsium campylon
Chenopod scrub (sandy o r rocky); See Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
elevation 1 340- 1 830 meters.

)
1 26 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Cirsium fontinale (Greene) jeps. var. Cirsium hydrophilum (Greene) Cirsium praeteriens J . F. M acbride
fontinale Jeps. var. vaseyi (Gray) J .T. Howe l l "lost th istle" Asteraceae
"fou ntain th istle" Asteraceae "Mt. Tamalpais thistle" Asteraceae List 1 A
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Santa Clara*
State Endangered/Federal Marin 428B*
Endangered 467A, 467B, 484C Habitat u n known; elevation 0-1 00
San Mateo Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, meters.
429A, 4480 meadows and seeps / serpentinite seeps; Perennial herb, bloom s J u n e-J uly.
Chaparral (openings), valley and foothil l elevation 240-620 meters. Known from only two col lections from
grassland / serpentinite seeps; elevation Peren nial herb, blooms May-August. Palo Alto ( last i n 1 90 1 ). Perhaps repre­
90- 1 75 meters. Known from fewer than ten occurrences sents a casual i ntroduction from the Old
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-October. on Mt. Tamalpais. Threatened by road World. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Con­
Known from only fou r occurrences in the construction and non-native plants. See tributions from the Gray Herbarium 53: 1 9
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 (2): ( 1 9 1 8) for original description.
vicin ity of Crystal Springs Reservoir. Seri­
ously th reatened by u rbanization , d u mp­ 403-404 ( 1 884) for original description.
ing, road mai ntenance, and non-native Cirsium rhothophilum Blake
plants. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy Cirsium loncholepis Petrak "su rf th istle" Asteraceae
ofSciences 2 : 1 5 1 -1 52 ( 1 886) for original
" La Graciosa thistle" Asteraceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
description.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 State Threatened
Cirsium fontinale (Greene) Jeps. State Threatened/Federal Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
Endangered 1 45B, 1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 96B, 1 960, 221 0,
var. obispoense J .T. Howe l l
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo 2470
"Chorro Creek bog thistle" Asteraceae 1 7 1 A* , 1 95C*, 1 950, 1 96A, 1 96B, Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes;
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 2 2 1 B*, 22 1 0 elevation 3-60 meters.
State Endangered/Federal Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, marshes Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Endangered and swamps (brackish ) / mesic; elevation Threatened by vehicles, foot traffic, and
San Luis Obispo 4-220 meters. non-native plants. See Botanical Gazette
2 2 1 B, 246C, 2 7 1 A Perennial herb, blooms May-August. 39:45 ( 1 905) for original description .
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / ser­ Known from approximately twenty occur­
pentin ite seeps; elevation 35-365 meters. rences. Threatened by development, vehi­ Cirsium walkerianu m
Perennial herb, blooms February-J uly. cles, groundwater pumpi ng, and non­
Considered but rejected: a synonym o f C.
native plants, and possibly by grazing.
Known from approximately ten occur­ quercetorum; a common taxon
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­
ment, and proposed water d iversions. Cirsium nidulum
Clarkia amoena ( Leh m . ) Nels. &
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 7 1 ( 1 938) Considered but rejected: too common
for original description. Macbr. ssp. whitneyi (Gray) Lewis &
Lewis
Cirsium occidentale ( N utt. ) J eps.
Cirsium hydrophilum (Greene) "Whitney's farewel l-to-spring" Onagraceae
var. compactum Hoov.
Jeps. var. hydrophilum List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"com pact cobwebby thistle" Asteraceae Humboldt, Mendoci no
"Suisun th istle" Asteraceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 569A, 585A, 5850, 6 1 80, 654C
Monterey?, San Francisco*, San Lu is
Federal Endangered Obispo Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0- 1 00 meters.
Solano 271 B, 271 C, 271 0, 272A, 344C?, 448B*
Annual herb, bloomsJune-August.
482A Chaparral, coastal du nes, coastal prarie,
coastal scrub; elevation 5-1 50 meters. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Marshes and swamps (salt); elevation
Arts and Sciences 7:340 ( 1 865) for original
0-1 meters. Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne. descri ption.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Rediscovered in 1 989 by N. Havlik on rences. Threatened by grazing and i nsect
Clarkia australis E. Small
Grizzly Island in the Su isun Marsh; now predation, and potentially by road con­
known from two occurrences. Threat­ struction and development. Some i nland "Small 's southern clarkia" Onagraceae
ened by altered hydrology and competi­ plants weakly separated from var. occiden­ List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
tion from native and non-native plants. tale. Compact, low-growi ng plants from Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Protected in part at Grizzly Island WA Monterey Cou nty (344C) are probably
not var. compactum. 41 8B, 438B, 439A, 455C, 456A, 456C,
and Peytonia Slough ER (both OFG). See
4560, 4570, 474C
Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sciences
ofPhiladelphia 44:358 ( 1 892) for original Cismontane woodland, lower montane
descri ption. coniferous forest; elevation 800-2075
meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 27

Annual herb, blooms May-August. Clarkia borealis E. Small ssp. Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 0-1 00
Threatened by logging. See Canadianjour­ borealis meters.
nal ofBotany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7 ( 1 97 1 ) for Annual herb, blooms April-May.
taxonomic treatment. "northern clarkia" O nagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Known from only one occurrence near
Tamales. Threatened by grazi ng, road
Shasta, Trin ity
Clarkia biloba ( Durand) Nels. & mai ntenance, and non-native plants. See
664A, 664D, 665B, 665D, 680B, 680C, Madroiio 37( 4 ):305-3 1 0 ( 1 990) for origi­
Macbr. ssp. australis Lewis & Lewis
68 1 0 nal descri ption.
" Mariposa clarkia" Onagraceae Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 montane coniferous forest; elevation Clarkia delicata (Abrams) Nels. &
Mariposa, Tuolumne 400-1 340 meters.
Macbr.
41 9B, 438A, 438B, 438C, 439B, 439C, Annual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
439D, 458B "delicate clarkia" Onagraceae
Known only from fewer than twenty
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Chaparral, cismontane woodland; occurrences. Need quads for Tri nity
elevation 300-945 meters. Cou nty. See Canadianjournal ofBotany San Diego; Baja California
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. 49 : 1 2 1 1 - 1 2 1 7 ( 1 971 ) for taxonomic 9A, 9B, l OA, 1 0B, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 D,
revision. 2 2A, 33C, 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D, 35C
Threatened by road mai ntenance and
non-native plants. Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
Clarkia bottae elevation 235-1 000 meters.

Clarkia biloba ( Durand) Nels. & Considered but rejected : see Clarkia Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
lewisii, a name previously misapplied to Threatened by development and road
Macbr. ssp. brandegeae Ueps. ) this taxon i mprovement.
Lewis & Lewis See Clarkia lewisii
" Brandegee's clarkia" Onagraceae
Clarkia exilis Lewis & Vasek
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Clarkia breweri (Gray) Greene
Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Yuba "slender clarkia" Onagraceae
" Brewer's clarkia" Onagraceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
526C, 527D, 541 C, 557C, 558A, 558B,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Kern, Tu lare
558C, 558D, 559B, 559D, 575D
Alameda, Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San Cismontane woodland; elevation
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / often Benito, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
roadcuts; elevation 295-885 meters. 1 20-1 000 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. coastal scrub / often serpenti n ite;
Threatened by road mai ntenance and fire elevation 2 1 5-1 000 meters. See Evolution 1 8 :26-42 ( 1 964) for occur­
suppression. See Flora ofCalifornia 2:585 rence information.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
( 1 936) by W.L. Jepson for original descrip­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications Threatened by cattle grazing, and poten­
Clarkia franciscana Lewis & Raven
in Botany 20(4):323 (1 955) for revised tially by reservoir construction.
nomenclature. "Presidio clarkia" Onagraceae
Clarkia calientensis List 1 B / RED 3-3-3

Clarkia borealis E. Small ssp. arida See Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. calientensis State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
E. Small
Alameda, San Francisco
"Shasta clarkia" Onagraceae Clarkia concinna Fisch. & M ey.
465C, 466C
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 (Greene) ssp. autom ixa Bowman
Coastal scrub, valley and footh i II grass­
Shasta "Santa Clara red ribbons" Onagraceae land (serpenti n ite); elevation 25-335
646A, 646D, 664D List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 meters.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane Alameda, Santa Clara Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
coniferous forest (openings); elevation Chaparral, cismontane woodland; Known from fewer than five occurrences.
490-595 meters. elevation 90-1 500 meters. Threatened by Army activities, veh icles,
Annual h erb, blooms J une-August. Annual herb, blooms April-J uly. urban ization and non-native plants. See
Known from only th ree occu rrences near See Madroiio 34( 1 ):41 -47 ( 1 987) for Brittonia 1 0 :7-1 3 ( 1 958) for original
Shingletown. Very simi lar to ssp. borealis; original descri ption. descri ption, and Madrano 39( 1 ): 1 -7
study needed. See Canadianjournal of ( 1 992) for i nformation on Alameda
Botany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7 ( 1 971 ) for original Cou nty occurrence.
descri ption. Clarkia concinna Fisc h . & M ey.
(Greene) ssp. raichei G. Allen, V.
Ford & L. Gottlieb
" Raiche's red ribbons" Onag raceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Mari n
485B

(
I
1 28 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N O E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Clarkia gracilis ( Pi per) Nels. & Chaparral, cismontane woodland, Clarkia mildrediae ( Hel ler) Lewis &
Macbr. ssp. albicaulis Ueps.) Lewis & coastal scrub; elevation 20-660 meters. Lewis ssp. mildrediae
Lewis Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
" M i ldred's clarkia" Onagraceae
Threatened by grazing. See Madrano List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
"wh ite-stem med clarkia" Onagraceae
20(6):322 ( 1 970) for original description.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Butte, Plumas
Butte, Tehama 590B, 59 1 A, 591 B, 591 C, 592A, 592D,
Clarkia lewisii Raven & Parnell 607D
575B, 575D, 576A, 591 C, 592B, 592C,
592D, 593D, 608C, 608D " Lewis's clarkia" Onagraceae Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 coniferous forest / sandy, usually
sometimes serpenti nite; elevation Monterey, San Benito granitic; elevation 245-1 7 1 0 meters.
245-1 085 meters. Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ wood land, coastal scru b; elevation Clarkia mosquinii E. S m a l l
rences. Threatened by urbanizatio n . See 30-6 1 0 meters.
"Mosq u i n 's clarkia" Onagraceae
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
2 :239 ( 1 907) for original descri ption See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
and 20:24 1 -392 ( 1 955) for taxonomic Butte
64:642 ( 1 977) for revised taxonomy.
treatment. 574B, 575A, 575B, 575C, 575D, 591 C,
591 D
Clarkia lingulata Lewis & Lewis
Clarkia gracilis ( Pi per) Nels. & Cismontane woodland, lower montane
" Merced clarkia" Onagraceae coniferous forest / rocky, roadsides;
Macbr. ssp. tracyi Ueps. ) Abdel­
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 elevation 1 85-1 1 70 meters.
Hameed & R. Snow
State Endangered Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
"Tracy's clarkia" Onagraceae
Mariposa Rediscovered in 1 99 1 by L. Janeway. See
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
438B Canadianjournal ofBotany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7
Colusa, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, ( 1 971 ) for original descri ption, Madrano
Napa, Tehama, Trin ity Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
40( 4): 268-269 ( 1 993) for information
elevation 400-455 meters.
Chaparral (openings, usually serpenti­ on rediscovery, and Madrano 42( 1 ): 79-82
nite); elevation 65-650 meters. Annual herb, blooms May-June. ( 1 995) for taxonomic discussion.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly. Known from only two occurrences along
the Merced River. Largest occurrence
Threatened by residential development. Clarkia mosquinii ssp. mosquinii
damaged by herbicide spraying in 1 984;
See Flora ofCalifornia 2 : 584 ( 1 936) by also possibly threatened by road widen­ See Clarkia mosquinii
W.L. Jepson for original descri ption.
i ng. Multiagency conservation agreement
signed in 1 994. See Madrano 1 2(2 ):35 Clarkia mosquinii ssp. xerophila
Clarkia imbricata Lewis & Lewis ( 1 953) for original descri ption. Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
"Vi ne H i l l clarkia" Onagraceae mosquinii; a rare taxon
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 Clarkia mildrediae
State Endangered/Federal Considered but rejected: see Clarkia mil­ Clarkia rostrata W.S. Davis
Endangered drediae sspp. lutescens and mildrediae
"beaked clarkia" Onagraceae
Sonoma List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
502A Clarkia mildrediae ( Hel l er) Lewis Merced, Mariposa, Stanislaus, Tuolumne
Chaparral, valley and footh ill grassland / and Lewis ssp. lutescens Gottl ieb
41 9C, 420C, 42 1 A, 439C, 440A, 440C,
acidic sandy loam; elevation 50-75 and Janeway 440D, 441 A, 442A, 459A, 459C
meters. "golden-anthered clarkia" Onagraceae Cismontane woodland, valley and
Annual herb, bloomsJune-August. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 foothi l l grassland; elevation 60-500
Known from only two extant occur­ Butte, Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba meters.
rences, one of which is introd uced ; a Cismontane woodl and, lower montane Annual herb, blooms April-May.
th ird , natural occurrence has been extir­ coniferous forest (openings) / often See Brittonia 22:270-284 ( 1 970) for origi­
pated . Threatened by development and roadcuts; elevation 275-1 750 meters. nal description.
road maintenance. See Madrano 1 2( 2 ):38
( 1 953) for original descri ption. Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Threatened by road mai ntenance, alter­ Clarkia rubicunda ssp. blasdalei
ation of fire regimes, and logging. Not i n Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Clarkia j olonensis Parnell TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3):250 rubicunda; a common taxon
"Jolon clarkia" Onagraceae ( 1 997) for original descri ption.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Clarkia rubicunda ssp. rubicunda
Monterey
Considered but rejected : too common
294B, 295A, 295B, 3 1 8A, 3 1 8C, 3 1 9A, and taxonomic problem
3 1 9C, 320A, 320B, 320E, 342D, 343D,
344B, 344D, 3 66C, 366D
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 29

Clarkia speciosa Lewis & Lewis ssp. Known from only three occu rrences near Known only from five occurrences in the
i mmaculata Lewis & Lewis Caliente Creek. Threatened by grazi ng San Gabriel Mtns. Threatened by tram­
and non-native plants. Perhaps best pling and proposed ski area expansion.
" Pismo clarkia" Onagraceae treated as C. calientensis. See Systematic Angeles N F has adopted species manage­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Botany 2 : 2 52-255 ( 1 977) for original ment guidelines. A synonym of C. lanceola­
State Rare/Federal Endangered description and 1 0( 2 ) : 1 55-1 65 ( 1 985) ta in TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe
for taxonomic treatment. Torrey Botanical Club 49:352 ( 1 922) for
San Luis Obispo
original description.
2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 22 1 0
Clarkia tembloriensis ssp.
Chaparral ( margins, openings), cismon­
tern bloriensis Claytonia megarhiza (Gray) Wats.
tane woodland, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / sandy; elevation 25-1 85 meters. Considered but rejected : too common "fell-fields claytonia" Portu lacaceae
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. List 2 I RED 2-1-1
Known from only five occurrences. Clarkia virgata Greene Alpine, Mono, Modoc, Mariposa, Neva­
Threatened by development and road da, Tuolumne; Oregon, and elsewhere
"Sierra clarkia" Onagraceae
mai ntenance, and possibly by grazing. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 435B, 436A, 454C, 454D, 472D, 506D,
USFWS uses the name C. speciosa var. 523B, 5 55A, 690C
immaculata. See University ofCalifornia Publi­ Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mari­
posa, Tuolumne Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
cations in Botany 20:291 ( 1 955) for origi­ coniferous forest ( rocky or gravelly);
nal descri ption. Cismontane woodland, lower montane
elevation 2600-3300 meters.
coniferous forest; elevation 400-1 1 00
meters. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Clarkia speciosa ssp. speciosa
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Considered but rejected: too common Claytonia palustris Swanson &
May form sterile hybrids with C. australis.
Kel l ey
Clarkia springvillensis Vasek
Clarkia xantiana Gray ssp. "marsh c laytonia" Portu lacaceae
"Spri ngvi lle clarkia" Onagraceae List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
parviflora ( Eastw. ) Lewis & Raven
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Butte, Fresno, Pl umas, Siskiyou, Tehama,
State Endangered/Federal
" Kern Canyon clarkia" Onagraceae Tul are
Threatened List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Meadows and seeps (mesic), marshes
Tu lare Kern
and swamps; elevation 1 000-2500
308A, 308B, 309A, 332A, 332D 260B, 284B meters.
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley Cismontane woodland; elevation Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
and footh ill grassland / gran itic; 1 000-1 500 meters. See Madrano 34(2) : 1 55-1 61 ( 1 987) for
elevation 335-1 220 meters. Annual herb, blooms May-June. original description.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. Known from only two occurrences in the
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Kern River drai nage. Threatened by road Claytonia saxosa
rences in the Tu le and Kaweah river construction. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Considered but rejected: too com mon
d rainages. Threatened by non-native Botanical Club 30:492 ( 1 903) for original
plants, overgrazing, vehicles, road main­ descri ption, and Madrano 39(3 ): 1 63-1 69
tenance, logging, and residential develop­ ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature. Claytonia spathulata var. rosulata
ment. Sequoia NF has adopted species Considered but rejected : too common; a
management guidelines. Protected in Claytonia bellidifolia synonym of C. exigua ssp. exigua
part at Springvi lle Clarkia ER ( DFG ). See See Claytonia megarhiza
Madrano 1 7(7):220 ( 1 964) for original Claytonia umbel lata Wats.
descri ption.
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. var. "Great Basin claytonia" Portu lacaceae
Clarkia tembloriensis Vasek ssp. peirsonii M . & J . List 2 / RED 3-1-1
" Peirson's spri ng beauty" Alpine, Lassen * , Mono, Modoc?, Siski­
calientensis (Vasek) Holsi nger Portulacaceae
you; Nevada, Oregon
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"Vasek's clarkia" Onagraceae 488A, 505B, 603A* , 699C, 700C
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Bernardino
1 08A, 1 34D Subal pine coniferous forest (tal us);
Kern elevation 1 705-3500 meters.
238C, 239D Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / scree; elevation Peren nial herb, blooms May-August.
Valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation 2 1 3 5-2745 meters. Does plant occur in Modoc County? See
275-500 meters. Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 43 ( 1 871 )
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l . for original description.

Cleome serrulata
Considered but rejected : not native i n
California
1 30 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Cleomella brevipes Wats. Collinsia bartsiifolia var. Collomia debilis var. larsenii
"short-ped icelled cleomella" Capparaceae bartsiifolia See Collomia larsenii
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Considered but rejected: too common
I nyo, Lassen, Mono, San Bernardino; Collomia diversifolia Greene
Nevada Colli nsia concolor "serpentine collomia" Polemoniaceae
Meadows and seeps, marshes and Considered but rejected : too common List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
swamps, playas / alkal ine; elevation Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Men­
395-2 1 95 meters.
Colli nsia corymbosa H erder docino, Napa, Yolo, Shasta, Stan islaus
Annual herb, blooms May-October. Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
"round-headed chinese houses"
Possibly threatened by veh icles and tram­ Scrophulariaceae pentinite, rocky or gravelly; elevation
pling. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­ 300-600 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
my ofArts and Sciences 1 7:365 ( 1 882) for Annual herb, blooms May-J une.
original description, and University of H umboldt, Mendocino, Marin?, San
Wyoming Publications in Science 1 ( 2 ) :44 Francisco* , Sonoma
( 1 922) for taxonomic treatment. 466C*, 569A, 585D Collomia larsenii ( Gray) Payson
Coastal d unes; elevation 0-20 meters. "talus col lomia" Polemoniaceae
Cleomella hillmanii A. Nels. Annual herb, blooms April-June. List 2 / RED 3-2-1
" H i l l man's cleomella" Capparaceae Scattered distribution. Does plant occur i n Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon , Washi ngton
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Marin County? Need quads for Humboldt 626A, 644A, 644D, 71 3C
Lassen; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon County and for "Russian colony"(Sonoma Alpine boulder and rock field, closed­
County). May intergrade with C. bartsiifolia cone coniferous forest, subalpine conifer­
602A, 620D var. bartsiifolia. ous forest, upper montane coniferous
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scru b / forest / volcanic talus; elevation
clay; elevation 1 220 meters. 22 1 0-3500 meters.
Collinsia franciscana
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. See Collinsia multicolor Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Known in Cal ifornia only from four occur­ July-October.
rences. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­ Known in California from fewer than five
ceedings ofthe Biological Society of Washington Collinsia greenei
Considered but rejected: too common occurrences. Threatened by foot traffic.
1 8: 1 71 ( 1 905) for original description. On watch list in Oregon.

Cneoridium dumosum Collinsia linearis

Collomia rawsoniana Greene
Considered but rejected: too common Considered but rejected: too common
"flaming tru m pet" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Cochlearia groenlandica Collinsia multicolor Li n d i . & Paxton
Madera, Mariposa
See Cochlearia officinalis var. arctica "San Francisco collinsia" Scrophu lariaceae
397A, 397B, 41 7C, 41 7D, 41 8A, 41 8C,
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
418D
Cochlearia officinalis L. var. arctica Monterey, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
( DC.) Gelert Francisco, San Mateo
ows and seeps, riparian scrub / mesic;
366C, 408C, 409D, 427D, 428B, 429A, elevation 780-2200 meters.
"Arctic spoonwort" Brassicaceae
448B, 448C, 448D, 466C
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal J u ly-August.
Del Norte; Oregon, Washington, and
scrub / sometimes serpentinite; elevation
elsewhere Need quads for Mariposa County. Poten­
30-250 meters.
740C tially threatened by hydroelectric develop­
Annual herb, blooms March-May. ment, grazi ng, and logging. l nteragency
Coastal bl uff scrub (on basaltic sea agreement has been established between
Threatened by non-native plants and
stack); elevation 0-50 meters. USFWS and USFS, and Sierra NF has
u rbanization.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly. adopted species management guidelines.
Known in Cal ifornia only from a sea See American Midland Naturalist 31 : 2 1 6-231
Colli nsia parryi ( 1 944) for original description.
stack off Crescent City. Endangered in
Oregon . See Madrano 28(3):86 ( 1 98 1 ) for Considered but rejected : too common
California record. Collomia tracyi Mason
Collinsia sparsiflora var.
"Tracy's collomia" Polemoniaceae
Collinsia antonina sparsiflora
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofC. Considered but rejected: too common
Del Norte, Humboldt, Lassen, Siskiyou,
parryi; a common taxon Tehama, Tri n ity
Collinsia sparsiflora var. arvensis Lower montane coniferous forest;
Considered but rejected: too common elevation 300- 2 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 131

S i m i lar to C. tinctoria, but does not Convolvulus simulans Perry Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
i ntergrad e. occurrences. See Systematic Botany Mono­
"small-Aowered morni ng-glory" graphs 1 0:69-73 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
Convolvulaceae treatment.
Colubrina californica Jtn . List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
" Las Ani mas colu brina" Rham naceae Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles,
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Cordylanthus eremicus ( Cov. &
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, Benito, San Clemente Island, Santa Mort. ) M u nz ssp. eremicus
Baja California, Sonora ( M exico) Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, San "desert bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
Diego, San Joaq uin, San Lu is Obispo, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
1 2 B, 2 6 D, 32B, 43A, 42B, 59B, 6 1 � Stanislaus; Baja California
6 1 C, 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D, 78C, 80D?* I nyo, San Bernardino
Chaparral (openi ngs), coastal scrub, val­
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
ley and footh ill grassland / clay, serpenti­
scrub; elevation 1 0-1 000 meters. desert scrub, pinyon and juni per wood­
nite seeps; elevation 30-700 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-J une. land ; elevation 1 000-2800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-July.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
Rare in southern Californ ia. See Rhodora July-October.
Sciences IV 1 2: 1 085 ( 1 924) for original 33:76 ( 1 93 1 ) for original descri ption.
descri ption, and Brittonia 23:36 ( 1 971 ) Includes C. bernardinus. See Systematic
for distri butional i nformation. Botany Monographs 1 0 : 8 9-9 2 ( 1 986) for
Corallorhiza trifida Chatel. revised taxonomic treatment.
Comarostaphylis diversifolia "northern coralroot" O rchidaceae
( Parry) Greene ssp. diversifolia List 2 I RED 3-3-1 Cordylanthus eremicus ( Cov. &
"su m mer hol ly" Ericaceae
Plu mas; Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere Mort. ) M u nz ssp. kernensis Ch uang
List 18 / RED 2-2-2 590B & Heckard
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ " Kern Plateau bird 's-beak"
Cal iforn ia ows and seeps (edges) / mesic; elevation Scrophu lariaceae
1 370-1 700 meters. List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 2 1 B, 22B, 22C, 22D,
35A, 35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D, 47C?, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, ach loro­ I nyo, Kern, Tulare
5 1 B, 69C, 70C phyllous), blooms J u ne-J u ly.
283D, 306A, 306B, 306C, 307D, 329B,
Chaparral; elevation 30-550 meters. Known in California from only one occur­ 329C, 329D
rence near Buck's Lake. See The Wasmann
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Apri l-June. Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
journal ofBiolo?)I 3 6 : 1 99-200 ( 1 978) for land", pi nyon and jun iper woodland,
Threatened by development and gravel information on California occurrence, Fre­
mining. u pper montane coniferous forest;
montia 1 9( 1 ):22-23 ( 1 991 ) for account of elevation 1 675-3000 meters.
recent discovery ( 1 990), and The Wild
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 56-58 ( 1 995) by R. Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
Coleman for species account. July-September.
planifolia
Known only from the Kern Plateau
Considered but rejected: too common region. See Systematic Botany Monographs
Cordylanthus bernardinus
1 0:89-92 ( 1 986) for original descri ption.
Condalia globosajtn . var. See Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. eremicus
pu bescens Jtn. Cordylanthus ferrisianus
Cordylanthus brunneus ssp.
"spi ny abrojo" Rham naceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
capillaris rigidus ssp. rigidus; a common taxon
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
See Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris
I m perial, Riverside; Arizona, Baja Califor­
nia, Sonora (Mexico), and elsewhere Cordylanthus helleri
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation Cordylanthus capitatus Benth. Considered but rejected : too com mon; a
1 40-1 000 meters. "Yaki ma bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae synonym of C. kingii ssp. he/Jeri
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-May. List 2 / RED 3-2-1
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Wash­ Cordylanthus littoralis ssp.
Sciences IV 1 2 : 1 087 ( 1 924) for original ington littoral is
description, and Brittonia 1 4:332-368 690B, 707C, 708A, 724A, 724C, 725A See Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis
( 1 972) for taxonomic treatment.
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pi nyon and juniper wood­
Conioselinum chinense l and; elevation 1 800-2320 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common; a Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
synonym of C. pacificum J uly-September.
1 32 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Cordylanthus maritimus Benth. Apparently extirpated from much of the Cordylanthus pallescens
ssp. maritimus lower San Joaq u i n Val ley. Threatened by See Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens
agricultural conversion, development,
"salt marsh bird's-beak" Scroph u lariaceae and grazing. See Brittonia 2S: 1 3S-1 S8
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 ( 1 973) for revised nomenclature. Cordylanthus palmatus ( Ferris)
State Endangered/Federal Macbr.
Endangered Cordylanthus mollis Gray ssp. "palmate-bracted bird 's-beak"
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, San moll is Scrophu lariaceae
Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura; Baja List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
California "soft bird 's-beak" Scro p h u lariaceae
Ust 1 B I RED 3-2-3 State Endangered/Federal
1 1 A, 1 1 B*, 1 1 D, 71 B, 72A, 89C, 89D*, Endangered
1 1 2 D * , 1 1 4B, 1 1 4D, 1 42A, 247D State Rare/Federal Endangered
Alameda, Colusa, Fresno, Madera, San
Coastal d unes, marshes and swamps Contra Costa, Mari n * , Napa, Sacramen­ Joaq u i n * , Yolo
(coastal salt); elevation 0-30 meters. to*, Solano, Sonoma*
3S9A*, 3 60A, 3 8 1 A* , 3 8 1 B, 44SB,
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms 480C*, 48 1 B, 481 C, 481 D, 482A, 482C, 446A, 462A*, S 1 3B, S4SC*, S46A,
May-October. 482D, 483A, 483 B*, 483D, 484A* S46D, S62D
Threatened by vehicles, road construc­ Marshes and swamps (coastal salt); Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
tion, foot traffic, and loss of salt marsh elevation 0-3 meters. grassland (alkaline); elevation S-1 SS
habitat. See Madrano 3 1 ( 3 ): 1 8S-1 90 Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms meters.
( 1 984) for i nformation on parasitism. J u ly-November. Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ May-October.
Cordylanthus maritimus Benth. rences. Threatened by erosion and marsh Known from only n i n e occurrences.
ssp. palustris ( Be h r) Ch uang & drainage. See Proceedings ofthe American Plants from Glenn County are i ntro­
Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:327-402 duced (S62B). Threatened by agricul­
Heckard ( 1 867) for original description, and ture, u rbanization, veh icles, altered
" Point Reyes bird 's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae Madrano 2S(2 ) : 1 07 ( 1 978) for red iscov­ hydrology, grazi ng, and i n d u strial devel­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 ery in Napa County. opment. Conservation research ongo­
Alameda*, H u m boldt, Mari n , Santa i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Clara*, San Mateo* , Sonoma; Oregon Cordylanthus nevinii 4S :399-423 ( 1 9 1 8 ) for origi nal descrip­
427B*, 428A*, 447B*, 447C*, 448D*, Considered but rejected: too common tion, Fremontia 1 7( 1 ): 20-23 ( 1 989) for
466B*, 466D*, 467A, 467B, 484A, i nformation on Spri ngtown Alkali Sink
484D, 48SB, 48SC, 48SD, S02C, S03D, occu rrence (ALA Co. ) , and Environmental
Cordylanthus nidularius J.T. Howe l l Management 1 7: 1 1 S-1 27 ( 1 993) for pop­
6S4B, 6SSA, 672B, 672C, 672D
" Mt. Diablo bird 's-beak" Scrop h u lariaceae ulation biology.
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 0-1 0 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms State Rare Cordylanthus parviflorus (Ferris)
J u n e-October. Contra Costa Wiggins
Once rather common in proper habitat; 464B "pu rple bird's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
now greatly reduced by development. Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation Ust 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Also threatened by foot traffic, non­ 600-800 meters. San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
native plants, altered hydrology, and cat­ Utah
tle grazing and tram pling. State l isted as Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
Endangered in Oregon. See Brittonia J u ly-August. 1 76A, 1 99B, 200A, 224C, 22SD
2 S : 1 3S-1 S8 ( 1 973) for original descrip­ Known from only one occu rrence on Mt. Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
tion, and Madrano 41 (4):3 1 6-327 ( 1 994) Diablo. Threatened by trail construction desert scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per wood­
for ecological discussion. and recreation, and possibly by fire land; elevation 700-2200 meters.
supression. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
3(9):207 ( 1 943 ) for original description, August-October.
Cordylanthus mollis Gray ssp. and Systematic Botany Monographs 1 0:48-SO
hispidus ( Pe n n . ) Chuang & Heckard See Systematic Botany Monographs 1 0: 7 S-77
( 1 986) for taxonomic treatment.
( 1 986) for taxonomic treatment.
" h ispid bird's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 Cordylanthus orcuttianus Gray
Cordylanthus pringlei
Alameda, Kern, Merced, Placer, Solano "Orcutt's bird 's-beak" Scro p h u lariaceae Considered but rejected : too common
2 1 SD, 382B, 402C, 403A, 403B, 403C, List 2 / RED 3-3-1
403D, 423C, 44SB, 481 B, S28D San Diego; Baja California
Meadows and seeps, playas, valley and
Cordylanthus rigid us ( Be nth . ) J eps.
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 0 ssp. brevibracteatus (Gray) Mu nz
foothill grassland / alkal i ne; elevation
1 -1 SS meters. Coastal scrub; elevation 1 0-3SO meters.
"short-bracted bird's-beak"
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms Scroph u lariaceae
J u ne-September. March-September. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Seriously threatened by u rban ization. Kern, Tulare
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 33

Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Lower montane coniferous forest; Known from only one extended occur­
forest, pi nyon and ju niper woodland, elevation 1 300-2000 meters. rence near Black Butte. Threatened by
upper montane coniferous forest / open­ Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms development and road maintenance.
i ngs, granitic; elevation 1 000-2590 J uly-August. lntergrades with ssp. viscidus; how distinct
meters. is it? Further research needed. See System­
Plants from Madera and Mariposa coun­ atic Botany Monographs 1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986)
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms ties may be this taxon; need confirma­
J uly-August. for taxonomic treatment.
tion. See Systematic Botany Monographs
See Botany ofCalifornia 1 :622 ( 1 876) for 1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986) for original description.
original description, Aliso 4(1 ) : 98 ( 1 958) Coreopsis douglasii
for revised nomenclature, and Systematic Considered but rejected: too common
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp.
Botany Monographs 1 0:46 ( 1 986) for taxo­
nomic treatment. brunneus U eps.) M u nz
Coreopsis gigantea
"serpentine bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
Considered but rejected: too common
Cordylanthus rigidus ( Benth . ) Jeps. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
ssp. littoralis ( Ferris) Chuang & Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Coreopsis hamiltonii ( El mer) H . K.
Heckard Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land / usually serpenti­ Sharsm .
"seasid e bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae n ite; elevation 475-9 1 5 meters. " Mt. H a m i lton coreopsis" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 2-3-3
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered J u ly-August. Alameda, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
Monterey, Santa Barbara Threatened by development and road 40SB, 42SC, 426C, 426D, 444D, 44SD
1 70B, 1 70D, 1 9SC, 1 96 D, 36SB, 36SC, mai ntenance. See Systematic Botany Mono­
366A* , 3 66C* , 3 66D, 387D Cismontane woodland (rocky); elevation
graphs 1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986) for taxonomic 550-1 300 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral treatment.
( mariti me), cismontane wood land, Annual herb, blooms March-May.
coastal d unes, coastal scrub / sandy, Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp. Known from fewer than ten occurrences
often distu rbed sites; elevation 0-21 S in the Mt. Hamilton Range. See Botanical
capillaris ( Pen n . ) Ch uang & Heckard Gazette 41 :323-324 ( 1 906) for original
meters.
Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms " Pennell's bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae descri ption, and Madrano 4(7): 2 1 4-2 1 S
May-October. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 ( 1 938) for revised nomenclature.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ State Rare/Federal Endangered
rences. Threatened by development, Sonoma Coreopsis maritima ( N utt. )
energy projects, vehicles, and m i litary 502B, 5 1 8B Hook. f.
operations. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / "sea dahlia" Asteraceae
cal Club 45:399-423 ( 1 9 1 8) for original
descri ption, and Systematic Botany Mono­ serpentinite; elevation 45-305 meters. List 2 / RED 2-2-1
graphs 1 0:35-48 ( 1 986) for taxonomic Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms San Diego; Baja California
treatment. J u ne-September. 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 3SC, 36A, 36D, 5 1 C
Known from fewer than five occurrences. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
Cordylanthus tecopensis M u nz & Threatened by dumping, vehicles, and elevation 5- 1 SO meters.
road maintenance, and potentially by
Roos Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
development. See Systematic Botany Mono­
"Tecopa bird 's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae graphs 1 0 : 50-62 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 treatment. Corethrogyne filaginifolia ( H . & A.)
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada Nutt. var. incana ( N utt. ) Can by
252B, 27SB, 27SC, 276A, 322D* Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp. "San Diego sand aster" Asteraceae
Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and pallescens ( Pen n . ) Ch uang & List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
seeps / mesic, alkaline; elevation 60-900 Heckard San Diego; Baja California
meters. 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B
"pallid bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
Ann ual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Chaparral, coastal bluff scrub, coastal
J u ly-October. scru b; elevation 3-1 1 5 meters.
Siskiyou
Known in California from approximately
682A, 682B, 698B, 699A, 699B, 699C, Perennial herb, bloomsJu ne-September.
five occurrences. Th reatened in Nevada.
699D, 700A Known in California from o n ly six occur­
See Aliso 3(2): 1 1 1 - 1 29 ( 1 955) for origi­
nal descri ption. Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­ rences. Threatened by development. A
ly, volcan ic alluvium); elevation synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var. filagini­
695-1 645 meters. folia in TheJepson Manual; taxonomic study
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp. needed .
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
barbatus Ch uan g & Heckard J uly-September.
" Fresno County bird 's-beak"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno
1 34 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Corethrogyne filaginifolia ( H. & A.) Known i n California from fewer than Known in California from one extended
N utt. var. linifolia Hall twenty occurrences. Threatened by horti­ population. See Contributions from the Gray
cultural collecting. A synonym of Escobaria Herbarium 1 24:37 ( 1 939) for original
" Del M ar Mesa sand aster" Asteraceae vivipara var. rosea i n TheJepson Manual. See descri ption.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Madrano 7(3 ):75 ( 1 943) for original
San Diego descri ption.
Cryptantha alpicola
22B, 22C, 3SC, 36D Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral ( maritime, Crepis nana ssp. ramosa humilis; a common taxon
openings), coastal scrub / sandy; Considered but rejected : too common
elevation 1 5- 1 SO meters.
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene var.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September. Crepis runcinata T. & G ssp. hallii dissita Utn . ) Jeps. & Hoov.
Threatened by development, trampling, Babe. & Steb.
non-native plants, and road maintenance. "serpenti ne cryptantha" Boraginaceae
"Hall 's meadow hawksbeard " Asteraceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
A synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var. filagini­
folia in TheJepson Manual; additional taxo­ List 2 / RED 3-3-1 Lake, Napa, Sonoma
nomic work ongoing as of l 999. I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Nevada 499B, 5 1 8A, 534B, 534D, 549C
2 76A, 324C, 32SD, 41 1 C, 4 1 3 B , 41 3C, Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation
Corethrogyne leucophylla Jeps. 432C, 434A, 4SOC, 451 D, 469C, 470B, 395-580 meters.
487C, 656C
"branching beach aster" Asteraceae Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
List 3 / RED 1 -2-3 j u n iper wood land / mesic, alkaline; Historical sites need field surveys. See C.
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo, elevation 1 250-1 450 meters. clevelandii in TheJepson Manual. See Flora of
San Mateo California 3(2):348 ( 1 943) by W.L. J epson
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. for original descri ption.
22 1 D, 272A, 296D, 320B, 344B, 344C,
Threatened by grazing and groundwater
344D, 366A, 366C, 409 D
d rawdown . See Carnegie Institution ofWash­
Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal Cryptantha clokeyi Jtn.
ington Publication 504: 1 04 ( 1 938) for orig­
du nes; elevation 3-60 meters. i nal description. "Clokey's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-December. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Move to List 4? Needs taxonomic study; Crossosoma bigelovii San Bernard i n o
a synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var. Considered but rejected : too common 1 82A
filaginifolia in TheJepson Manual. Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
Crossosoma californicum N utt. 800-900 meters.
Corydalis caseana ssp. caseana Annual herb, blooms Apri l .
"Catali na crossosoma" Crossosomataceae
Considered but rejected : too common Known only from near Barstow. Poten­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
tially threatened by expansion of Ft. I rwin
Los Angeles, San Clemente Island , Santa
Coryphantha alversonii (Coult.) (DOD). Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum
Catal ina Island; Guadal upe Island
Orcutt 20:387 ( 1 939) for original description.
(Mexico)
"foxtail cactus" Cactaceae 73A, SCMC, SCTE, SCTN, SCTS, SCTW
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Cryptantha costata Bdg.
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky;
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino elevation 0-500 meters. "ribbed cryptantha" Boraginaceae
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert Shrub (decid uous), blooms List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
scrub / sandy or rocky, usually granitic; February-May. I m perial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
elevation 75-1 525 meters. Threatened by development on main­ San Diego; Arizona, Baja California
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms land. Recovering well on San Clemente Desert du nes, Mojavean desert scrub,
April-J une. Island. See Aliso 9: 1 7 1 - 1 78 ( 1 978) for Sonoran desert scrub / sandy; elevation
taxonomic treatment. 60-500 meters.
Collection from Arizona m isidentified. A
synonym of Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii Annual h erb, blooms February-May.
i n TheJepson Manual. Croton wigginsii Wheeler
"Wiggi ns's croton" Euphorbiaceae Cryptantha crinita Greene
Coryphantha vivipara ( N utt.) Britt. List 2 / RED 2-2-1 "silky cryptantha" Boraginaceae
& Rose var. rosea (Clokey) L. Benson State Rare List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
"viviparous foxtail cactus" Cactaceae Imperial; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Sono­ Shasta, Tehama
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 ra (Mexico) 6 1 0B, 61 1 A, 61 1 C, 628A, 628B, 628C,
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada 2A, 2B, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 3 D, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D, 629A, 629D, 64SD, 646C, 647A, 647D
200A, 200B, 225D, 226A, 249D 1 S D, 2 7C, 2 7D, 28A, 28D Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and Desert dunes, Sonoran desert scrub; coniferous forest, riparian scrub, riparian
j u n i per wood land / carbonate; elevation elevation 50-1 00 meters. woodland, valley and footh i l l grassland /
1 250-2700 meters. Shrub, blooms March-May. gravelly stream beds; elevation 85-300
meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
May-June. Annual herb, blooms April-May.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 35

i Threatened by vehicles and gravel m i n i ng. Cryptantha hoffmannii Cryptantha rattanii Greene
I See Erythea 3:66 ( 1 895) for original Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.

I
descri ption. " Rattan's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
virginensis; a common taxon List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3

�.
Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San Benito
Cryptantha crymophila Jtn. Cryptantha holoptera (Gray) Cismontane woodland, riparian wood­
"subalpine cryptantha" Boraginaceae Macbr. land, valley and foothill grassland ;
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3 elevation 245-9 1 5 meters.
"winged cryptantha" Boraginaceae
Alpine, Mono, Tuolumne List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
489A, 489C, 490A, 490B, 490D, 506C, I mperial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard i no, See C. decipiens in TheJepson Manual.
506D, 522C San Diego; Arizona, Baja California,
Su bal pine coniferous forest (volcanic, Nevada, Sonora (Mexico)
Cryptantha roosiorum M u nz
rocky); elevation 2600-3200 meters. Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. scrub; elevation 1 00-1 200 meters. "bristlecone cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 21 :65 Annual herb, blooms March-April .
( 1 940) for original description. State Rare
I nyo
Cryptantha hooveri Jtn .
Cryptantha excavata Bdg. 372A
" Hoover's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate,
"deep-scarred cryptantha" Boraginaceae List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
rocky); elevation 2440-3230 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Alameda, Contra Costa, Madera,
Colusa, Lake, Yolo Merced , San Joaquin, Stanislaus Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-Ju ly.
Cismontane woodland (sandy or gravel­ 440B, 441 A, 445D, 464A, 481 D Known from only two occurrences in the
ly); elevation 1 00-500 meters. I nyo Mtns. Threatened by vehicles. See
Valley and foothill grassland (sandy); Aliso 3: 1 24-1 25 ( 1 955) for origi nal
Annual herb, blooms April-May. elevation 3- 1 50 meters. descri ption.
(
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
I Cryptantha ganderi Jtn . Need i nformation on current status and Cryptantha scoparia A. Nels.
"Gander's cryptantha" distribution, i ncluding quads for Merced
Boraginaceae "gray cryptantha" Boraginaceae
and San Joaq uin counties. Seejournal of
List 18 / RED 3-3-2 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
the Arnold Arboretum 1 8:23 ( 1 93 7) for
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, original description . I nyo, Lassen; Nevada, Oregon, Washing­
Sonora (Mexico) ton , and elsewhere
31 B, 47C, 47D Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
Cryptantha incana Greene
Desert du nes, Sonoran desert scrub pi nyon and jun iper woodland; elevation
(sandy); elevation 1 60-400 meters. "Tu lare cryptantha" Boraginaceae 1 890-2745 meters.
List 18 I RED 3-1-3
Annual herb, blooms February-May. Annual herb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
I nyo, Tu lare
Known in California from fewer than five Plants from I nyo County may be an unde­
occurrences. Seriously threatened by devel­ 307A, 308D, 3 5 1 C scribed taxon also occurring in Nye
opment and vehicles. How rare is this plant Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­ County, Nevada. See C. nevadensis in The
in Mexico? See Madrano 40(4):268 ( 1 993) ly or rocky); elevation 1 430-2000 meters. Jepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette 54: 1 44
for first Arizona record and distributional Annual herb, blooms June-August. ( 1 9 1 2 ) for original descri ption.
i nformation.
See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Crit­
icism 1 : 79 ( 1 904) for original descri ption. Cryptantha subretusa
Cryptantha glomeriflora Greene Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.

l "clustered-Aower cryptantha" Boraginaceae

List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Cryptantha mariposae Jtn .
" Mariposa cryptantha" Boraginaceae
sobolifera; a common taxon

l Alpine, I nyo, Fresno, Mono, Nevada, Sier­

ra, Tulare, Tuolumne
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Calaveras, Mariposa, Stanislaus,
Cryptantha traskiae J t n .
"Trask's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps, Tuolumne List 18 / RED 3-2-3
subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­ San Clemente Island, San Nicolas Island
tane coniferous forest / granitic or vol­ 41 9B, 440B, 458B, 458C, 476C
canic, sandy; elevation 1 800-3750 Chaparral (serpentinite, rocky); elevation SCMC, SCMN, SNIC
meters. 200-650 meters. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes,
Annual herb, bloomsJu ne-September. Annual herb, blooms April-May. coastal scrub; elevation 1 5-400 meters.
May be a reduced alpine derivative of C. See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium Annual herb, blooms March-June.
affinis. See Pittonia 1 : 1 1 6 ( 1 887) for origi­ 74:73 ( 1 925) for original descri ption. Possi bly th reatened by non-native plants
nal description, and Contributions from the and Navy activities. See Contributions from
Gray Herbarium 74:3-1 1 4 ( 1 925) for taxo­ Cryptantha nubigena the Gray Herbarium 74: 77-78 ( 1 925) for
nomic treatment. original description.
Considered but rejected : too com mon

J
Cryptantha hispidula
Considered but rejected: too common
1 36 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Cryptantha tumulosa ( Pays.) Pays. Tree (evergreen ) . Threatened by development and vehicles.
Threatened b y fire suppression. Endan­ See Phytologia 70( 4):229-230 ( 1 990) fo r
"New York Mou ntains cryptantha" revised nomenclature.
Boraginaceae gered in Orego n . Includes C. bakeri ssp.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
matthewsii. See Flora ofCalifornia 1 :61
( 1 909) by W.L. Jepson for original descrip­ Cupressus guadalupensis ssp.
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada tion, Fremontia 1 6(3 ) : 1 7-1 8 ( 1 988) for
forbesii
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and species account, and Madrano 39(1 ):79
j u n i per wood land / gravelly or clay, ( 1 992) for distributional information. See Cupressus forbesii
gran itic or carbonate; elevation
920-2 1 00 meters.
Cupressus bakeri ssp. matthewsii Cupressus lawsoniana
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne. Considered but rejected: too common
See Cupressus bakeri
On watch l ist in Nevada.
Cupressus forbesii J eps. Cupressus macrocarpa Gord .
Cupressus abramsiana C.B. Wolf " M onterey cypress" Cupressaceae
"Tecate cypress" Cupressaceae
"Santa Cruz cypress" Cupressaceae List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2 List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Orange, San Diego; Baja Californ ia Monterey
State Endangered/Federal 9C, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 20D, 70B, 87C, 366C
Endangered 87D Closed-cone coniferous forest; elevation
Santa Cruz, San Mateo 1 0-30 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral ;
408B, 408C, 408D, 409A elevation 255-1 500 meters. Tree (evergreen).
Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral, Tree (evergreen). Known from only two native occurrences
lower montane coniferous forest / sand­ Known in California from fewer than five in the Monterey area; widely planted and
stone or granitic; elevation 280-800 natural ized elsewhere.
occurrences. Threatened by alteration of
meters.
fire regimes, and by development in
Tree (evergreen ). Orange County. Riverside Cou nty trees Cupressus nevadensis
Known from fewer than ten occurrences planted . Protected in part at Otay Mtn . See Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis
in the Santa Cruz Mtns. Possi bly threat­ ACEC ( BLM), San Diego Cou nty. See
ened by development, agriculture, alter­ Madrano 1 :75 ( 1 922) for original descrip­
ation of fire regimes, and introgression tion, Aliso 9: 1 89- 1 96 ( 1 978) for informa­ Cupressus nootkatensis D. Don
from planted C. macrocarpa. Largest tion, and Fremontia 1 3(3):3-1 0 ( 1 985) "Alaska cedar" Cupressaceae
known specimen was cut down in 1 983. for species account. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
See Aliso 1 : 2 1 5-222 ( 1 948) for origi nal
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, a n d else­
descri ption, and Madrano 2(4): 1 89-1 94 Cupressus goveniana Gord . ssp. where
( 1 952) for distri butional information.
govemana Upper montane coniferous forest;
"Gowen cypress" Cu pressaceae elevation 650-2500 meters.
Cupressus arizonica Greene ssp.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Tree (evergreen).
nevadensis (Abrams) E. M u rray
Federal Threatened
"Pi ute cypress" Cupressaceae Cupressus pygmaea
Monterey
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
366C See Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea
Kern, Tulare
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
23 7D, 260B, 260C, 260D, 2 6 1 A, 261 D, ( mariti me); elevation 30-300 meters. Cupressus stephensonii C.B. Wolf
284C, 285D
Tree (evergreen ). "Cuyamaca cypress" Cupressaceae
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, pinyon and Known from only two native occu rrences List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
juniper woodland; elevation 720-1 830 in the Monterey area. Threatened by San Diego
meters. development and altered fire regimes,
20A, 20B
and possibly by non-native plants.
Tree (evergreen ) . Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
Threatened b y grazing a n d m i n ing. BA riparian scrub / gabbroic; elevation
and RNA establ ished by USFS and BLM Cupressus goveniana Gord . ssp. 1 035-1 705 meters.
for this plant. See Torreya 1 9 :92 ( 1 9 1 9 ) pigmaea ( Lem mon ) J . Bartel Tree (evergreen ).
for original descri ption. "pygmy cypress" Cupressaceae Known from o n ly two smal l occurrences
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 near Cuyamaca Pk. Threatened by fre­
Cupressus bakeri J e ps. Mendocino, Sonoma q uent wildfi re; the 1 950 Conej o fire
520D, 537B, 53 7C, 537D, 552B, 568B, extirpated plant over part of its range.
" Baker's cypress" Cupressaceae
568C, 568D, 569A, 569D Cleveland NF has adopted species man­
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
agement gu ideli nes. Protected i n part at
Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Closed-cone con iferous forest ( podzol­ Ki ng Creek RNA ( USFS). A synonym of
Tehama; Oregon like soi l); elevation 30-500 meters. C. arizonica ssp. arizonica i n TheJepson
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous Tree (evergreen). Manual, but genetic evidence does not
forest / serpenti nite or volcanic; elevation su pport this interpretation .
820-1 995 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 37

Cuscuta howelliana Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May. Cypripedium fasciculatum Wats.
Considered but rejected: too common Occurrences are usually very smal l . "clustered lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Cuscuta jepsonii Cymopterus ripleyi Butte, Del Norte, H umboldt, Nevada,
Considered but rejected: too common; a See Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides Pl umas, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz*, Shas­
synonym of C. indecora var. indecora ta, Sierra, Siskiyou, San Mateo, Tehama,
Trinity, Yuba; Idaho, Oregon, Utah,
Cymopterus ripleyi Barneby var. Washington, Wyoming, and elsewhere
Cusickiella quadricostata ( Ro l l . ) saniculoides Barneby
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Rol l . "sanicle cymopterus" Apiaceae Coast coniferous forest / usually serpen­
" Bodie Hills cusickiella" Brassicaceae List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 tinite seeps and streambanks; elevation
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 I nyo; Nevada 1 00-243S meters.
Mono; Nevada 30SB, 323B, 327A, 327B, 328C, 349C, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
470A, 470B, 470D, 486C, 487C, 487D, 349D March-J uly.
r S04C, S04D J oshua tree "wood land", Mojavean Widely scattered, but most occurrences
I Great Basin scrub, pinyon and ju niper desert scru b / sandy, carbonate; small. Not seen recently in Santa Clara or
San Mateo counties. Threatened by log­
� woodland / clay or rocky; elevation elevation 1 000-1 660 meters.
ging and horticultural collecting. Monitor­
2000-2800 meters.
I
I
Peren nial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J une.
Known in California from fewer than ten
ing needed for protected populations on
USFS lands to assess reproduction, which
Not as common as previously thought. occurrences. Threatened by cattle grazing may be inadequate. Threatened in Idaho,
Threatened by mining, grazing, and vehi­ on BLM land at Lee Flat. A synonym of C. candidate for state l isting in Oregon , and
cles. On watch list in Nevada. See Contri­ ripleyi in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of state-listed as Threatened in Washington.
butions from the Dudley Herbarium 3:366 Western Botany 3:82 ( 1 941 ) for original See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
( 1 946) for original description. descri ption. Arts and Sciences 1 7:380 ( 1 882) for original
description, Lindleyana 2(1 ):SS3-S7
Cymopterus aboriginum Cynanchum utahense ( Engel m . ) ( 1 987) for distributional information, and
Fremontia 1 7(2): 1 7-1 9 ( 1 989) and The
Considered but rejected: too common Woodson Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 6S-68 ( 1 99S)
" Utah vi ne m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae by R. Coleman for species accou nts.
Cymopterus cinerarius List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Considered but rejected: too common Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Cypripedium montanum Lin d i .
Diego; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
"mou ntain lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
Cymopterus deserticola Bdg. Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
scrub / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
"desert cymopterus" Apiaceae 1 S0-1 420 meters. Del Norte, Glenn, H umboldt, Madera,
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Mendocino, Modoc, Mariposa, Pl u mas,
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne. Santa Cruz( * ?), Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou,
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
San Mateo( * ?), Sonoma, Tehama, Trini­
1 32B*, 1 57C*, 1 83A, 1 83B, 1 84A,
1 84B, 1 84C, 1 85A*, 1 8SC, 1 8SD, 208D, Cypripedium califomicum Gray ty, Tuo l u m ne; Idaho, Oregon, Washi ng­
ton , Wyoming, and elsewhere
2 1 0D, 233C "California lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
wood land, lower montane coniferous
desert scrub / sandy; elevation 630-1 SOO Butte, Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci­ forest, North Coast con iferous forest;
meters. no, Mari n * , Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, elevation 1 8S-222S meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. Sonoma, Tri nity; Oregon
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous March-August.
rences, apparently all located on Edwards forest / seeps and stream banks, usually
serpentinite; elevation 30-27SO meters. Widely scattered , but most occurrences
AFB. Threatened by sheep grazing, vehi­
smal l . Many protected popu lations on
cles, and urbanization. See University ofCal­ Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms USFS land not reproduci ng. Threatened
ifornia Publications in Botany 6 : 1 68 ( 1 91 S) April-August. by logging and horticu ltural collecting.
for origi nal description. Threatened by horticultural collecting On watch l ist in Oregon . See Fremontia
and logging. Many protected popula­ 1 7(2): 1 7- 1 9 ( 1 989) and The Wild Orchids
Cymopterus gilmanii Mort. tions on USFS land not reproducing. On ofCalifornia, p. 69-72 ( 1 99S) by R. Cole­
watch list in Oregon. See Proceedings ofthe man for species accounts.
"Gil man's cymopterus" Apiaceae American Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:389
List 2 I RED 2-1 - 1 ( 1 868) for original description, and Fre­
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada montia 1 7( 2 ) : 1 7- 1 9 ( 1 989) and The Wild Dalea arborescens
248B, 248C, 249A, 249D, 274D, 323B, Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 62-64 ( 1 995) by See Psorothamnus arborescens var.
326A, 34SC, 368B, 368D, 369B, 369C, R. Coleman for species accounts. arborescens
390B, 390C, 390D, 391 D, 41 1 D
Mojavean desert scrub (often carbon­
ate); elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
1 38 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Dalea californica
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Psorothamnus aborescens var. simplicifolius; a
common taxon

Dalea ornata ( Hook.) Eat. & Wright

"ornate d alea" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Lassen; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Wash-
i ngton
62 1 B, 639C
Pi nyon and juni per wood land (clay,
rocky); elevation 1 3 65-1 700 meters.
Peren nial herb, bloomsJune.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence northwest of Shaffer Mtn . ; o nly
250 plants seen in 1 997. See Madrano
32(2) : 1 23 ( 1 985) for California record.

Darlingtonia californica Torr.

"Californ ia pitcherplant" Sarracen iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, Del Norte, Nevada, Plumas, Shas­
ta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Trinity, Yuba; Oregon
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps I
mesic, generally serpenti nite seeps;
elevation 0-2585 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, carnivo­
rous), blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by horticultural collecting
and mining. On watch list i n Oregon . See
Fremontia 1 4( 2 ) : 1 8 ( 1 986) for habitat
i nformation.

Dedeckera eurekensis Rev. &J .T.

Howell
"J u ly gold" Polygon aceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
State Rare
I nyo, Mono
350A, 350B, 370A, 370B, 390C, 390D,
41 3A, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 1 220-2200 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms June-August.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Reproductive capabilities extremely
limited, and no juvenile plants or seedl ings
currently known. See Brittonia 28:245-251
( 1 976) for original description, Madrano
28(2):86-87 ( 1 981 ) and 32( 2 ) : 1 22-1 23
( 1 985) for range extension information, Darlingtonia californica
and Phytologia 66(3):238-241 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
\ �
.
L.JI
.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 39

Deinandra arida ( Keck) B.G. Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­ Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
Baldwi n land / clay; elevation 25-300 meters. 300-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. Annual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
" Red Rock tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Threatened by development, agriculture, Does plant occur in Monterey County?
vehicles, illegal dumping, non-native Threatened by development. See The Vascu­
State Rare plants, and Border Patrol activities. Known lar Plants ofSan Luis Obispo County, California,
Kern in Baja California from only one occur­ p. 288 ( 1 970) by R.F. Hoover for original
235B, 235C rence. State and federally listed as Hemizo­ description, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999)
nia conjugens; see this name in TheJepson for revised nomenclature.
Mojavean desert scrub (clay, volcanic
tuft); elevation 300-950 meters.
Manual. See Aliso 4( 1 ) : 1 09 ( 1 958) for origi­
nal description, Madrano 25(3) : 1 59 ( 1 978)
Annual herb, blooms April-November. for information on distribution and taxon­
Deinandra increscens ( Keck) B.G.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences omy, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for Baldwi n ssp. villosa (Tanowitz) B.G.
near Red Rock Cyn . in the Mojave revised nomenclature. Baldwi n
Desert. Protected at Red Rock Cyn. SP. "Gaviota tarplant" Asteraceae
State-listed as Hemizonia arida; see th is
name i n TheJepson Manual. See Aliso
Deinandra floribunda Davids. & List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
4( 1 ): 1 09 ( 1 958) for origi nal descrip­ M oxley State Endangered/Federal
tion, and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 9 9 9 ) for "Tecate tarplant" Asteraceae Endangered
revised nomenclature. List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 Santa Barbara
San Diego; Baja California 1 44B, 1 45A, 1 71 D, 1 96 D
Deinandra bacigalupi B . G . Baldwi n 7B, 8A, 8D, 9B*, 9C, 9 D, 1 9C, 1 9 D Coastal b l u ff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foothi l l grassland; elevation 35-430
" Livermore tarplant" Asteraceae Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 70- 1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Alameda Annual herb, blooms August-October.
445B Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by development. A synonym
Seriously threatened by energy develop­
Meadows and seeps (alkaline); elevation of Hemizonia floribunda in TheJepson Manu­
ment and non-native plants. Conserva­
1 50-1 85 meters. al. See Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for taxo­
tion bank establ ished by DFG in 1 996.
nom ic treatment.
Annual herb, bloomsJune-October. State and federally-l isted as Hemizonia
Known from only two occurrences near increscens ssp. villosa; see this name i n The
Livermore. Needs field su rveys. Potential­ Deinandra halliana ( Keck) B.G. Jepson Manual. See Systematic Botany
ly threatened by development. Not i n The Baldwi n 7(3 ):3 1 4-339 ( 1 982) for original
Jepson Manual. See Madrano 46( 1 ):55 descri ption, and Novon 9:462-47 1
" Hall's tarplant" Asteraceae ( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
( 1 999) for original descri ption.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Lu is
Deinandra clementina ( Bdg.) B.G. Obispo
Deinandra minthornii U eps. ) B.G.
Baldwin Baldwin
244A, 268A, 268B, 292D, 3 1 5C, 3 1 6 D,
"island tarplant" Asteraceae 339A, 339B, 340C, 362D "Santa Susana tarplant" Asteraceae
° List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land,
Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island, valley and foothi l l grassland / clay; State Rare
San Clemente Island, Santa Catal ina elevation 300-950 meters. Los Angeles, Ventura
Island, San Nicolas Island Annual h erb, blooms April-May. 1 1 2 B, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D, 1 38C,
Coastal bluff scrub, valley and foothill Threatened by grazing and non-native 1 38D
grassland; elevation 1 5-200 meters. plants. Appears only in u n usually wet Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky;
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-J u ly. years. A synonym of Hemizonia clementina elevation 280-760 meters.
i n TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 3(1 ) : 1 2
A synonym of Hemizonia clementina in The Shrub (deciduous), blooms
( 1 93 5 ) for original descri ption , and
Jepson Manual. See Erythea 7:70 ( 1 899) for J u ly-November.
Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
original description, and Novon 9:462-471 Threatened by development. State-listed
nomenclature.
( 1 999) for revised nomenclature. as Hemizonia minthornii; see this name i n
TheJepson Manual. See Manual ofthe Flower­
Deinandra conjugens ( Keck) B.G. Deinandra increscens ( H . M H a l l ) ing Plants ofCalifornia, p. 1 092 ( 1 925) by
B.G. Baldwi n ssp. foliosa ( H oover) W.L. Jepson for original descri ption, and
Baldwin
B . G . Baldwi n Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
"Otay tarplant" Asteraceae nomenclature.
"leafy tarp lant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Monterey?, Santa Barbara, San Luis
Threatened
Obispo
San Diego; Baja California
1 96A, 220B, 245C, 245D
1 0B, l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D
1 40 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Deinandra mohavensis ( Keck) B.G. Known from only one occurrence along Cismontane woodland, valley and
Baldwi n Salmon Creek; fewer than 70 i ndividuals footh i l l grassland / rocky; elevation
known as of2000. Occurrences extirpat­ 60-600 meters.
" M ojave tarplant" Asteraceae ed by agricu ltural conversion; th reatened Perennial h erb, blooms March-May.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3 by road maintenance. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 69: 1 44 ( 1 942) for To be expected in other foothill areas of
State Endangered the Sierra Nevada; need i n formation.
original descri ption.
Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino*, San Populations are very local; many in devel­
Diego oping areas. See Phytologia 68(1 ) : 1 -6
48C, 49A, 49B, 66B, 84A, 84D, 1 32C*, Delphinium californicum T. & G ( 1 990) for origi nal description.
235B?, 235C?, 236C, 236D ssp. interius ( Eastw. ) Ewan
Chaparral ( mesic), riparian scrub; " Hospital Canyon larkspur" Ranuncu laceae Delphinium hesperium Gray ssp.
elevation 850-1 600 meters. List 18 / RED 3-2-3 cuyamacae (Abrams) Lewis & Epl.
Annual herb, blooms July-October. Alameda, Contra Costa, Merced, San " Cuyamaca larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
Rediscovered in 1 994 by A. Sanders i n Benito, Santa Clara, San Joaq u i n , San List 18 / RED 2-2-3
the San Jacinto Mtns., Riverside County. Lu is Obispo
State Rare
State-I isted as Hemizonia mohavensis; see 243D, 363D, 404B, 426A, 426D, 444C,
this name in TheJepson Manual. See 444D, 445D, 464B Riverside, San Diego
Madrano 3 ( 1 ) : 9-1 0 ( 1 935) for original Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­ 1 9B, 20A, 33C, 49C, 49D, 66B, 67D
description and 44( 2 ) : 1 97-203 ( 1 997) Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
land ( mesic); elevation 230-1 095 meters.
for i nformation on rediscovery, and ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for revised Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J une.
1 220-1 630 meters.
nomenclature. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 13 7 ( 1 938)
for original description. Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u n e-J uly.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin
Deinandra pallida ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:538 (1 905)
Considered but rejected: too common Delphinium gypsophilum Ewan for original description.
ssp. gypsophilum
Deinandra paniculata (Gray) "gypsum-loving larkspur" Ranuncu laceae Delphinium hutchinsoniae Ewan
Davidson & Moxley List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
" H utchi nson's larkspur" Ran uncu laceae
"panicu late tarplant" Asteraceae Alameda, Fresno, Ki ngs, Kern, Madera,
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Merced, Monterey, San Benito, San
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Monterey
Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, Stanislaus,
Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Ventura 320B, 320D, 320E, 344B, 344C, 344D,
Diego; Baja California 365B, 366C
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land ,
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­ valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral ,
land / usually vernally mesic; elevation 1 00-825 meters. coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation
25-940 meters. 0-400 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May.
Annual herb, blooms April-November. Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Threatened by road construction and
Threatened by development. Confused mai ntenance, energy development, and Known from approxi mately ten occur­
with 0. conjugens and 0. fasciculata. See grazing. rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts ical Club 78:379 ( 1 95 1 ) for original
and Sciences 1 9 : 1 7 ( 1 883) for original description.
description. Delphinium gypsophilum Ewan
ssp. parvitlorum Lewis & E p l .
Delphinium inopinum U eps. ) Lewis
Deinandra pentactis "small-flowered gypsum-loving larkspur"
Ranuncu laceae
& Epl.
Considered but rejected: too common
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 "unexpected larkspur" Ranu ncu laceae
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Delphinium bakeri Ewan
Cismontane wood land , valley and Fresno, I nyo, Kern, Tu lare, Ventura
" Baker's larkspur" Ran u nculaceae
footh ill grassland; elevation 200-350 Upper montane con iferous forest
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 meters. ( rocky); elevation 1 890-2800 meters.
State Rare/Federal Endangered Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne. Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Marin, Sonoma*
See Brittonia 8:5 ( 1 954) for origi nal
484B*, 485A, 485B* , 502B* descri ption. Delphinium kinkiense
Coastal scru b; elevation 80-305 meters. See Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. Delphinium hansenii (Greene)
Greene ssp. ewanianum Warnock Delphinium luteum Heller
" Ewan's larkspur" Ran u nculaceae "yellow larkspur" Ran uncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Calaveras, Kern, Madera, Tu lare State Rare/Federal Endangered
Mari n , Sonoma
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 41

485B, 502A* , 502C* , 503D Delphinium pratense Delphinium trolliifolium

Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scru b / Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0. Considered but rejected : too common
rocky; elevation 0-1 00 meters. gracilentum; a common taxon
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May. Delphinium uliginosum Curran
Known from only three occurrences. Delphinium purpusii Bdg. "swa m p larkspur" Ranu ncu laceae
Plants from Marin County are apparently Ran u nculaceae
" Kern Cou n ty larkspur" List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
not hybrids with 0. decorum ssp. decorum;
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 Colusa, Lake, Napa, Siskiyou
hybridizes with 0. nudicaule. Threatened
by development, grazing, and road main­ Kern, Tulare Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
tenance, and possibly by horticultural 238B, 259B, 260A, 260B, 260C, 2 6 1 A, serpentinite seeps; elevation 340-600
collecting. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Cali­ 26 1 C, 261 D, 262D, 284B, 284C, 330C meters.
fornia Academy ofSciences 2 : 68-69 ( 1 903) Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­ Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
for original description. on and juniper wood land / rocky, often H ighly localized. Hybrid izes with 0. hes­
carbonate; elevation 300-1 340 meters. perium ssp. pallescens. See Bulletin ofthe Cal­
Delphinium parishii ssp. Perennial herb, blooms April-May. ifornia Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 5 1 ( 1 885) for
purpureum Precise location and endangerment infor­ original description.
See Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum mation needed . H istorical occurrences
need field surveys. See Botanical Gazette Delphinium umbraculorum Lewis &
Delphinium parishii Gray ssp. 27:444 ( 1 899) for original description. Epl.
subglobosum (Wiggi ns) Lewis & " u m brella larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
Epl. Delphinium recurvatum Greene List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
"Colorado Desert larkspur" Ranuncu laceae "recu rved larkspur" Ran u nculaceae Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obis­
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2 List 18 / RED 2-2-3 po, Ventura
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­ Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa*, Fres­ 1 40A, 1 41 B, 1 42A, 1 66B, 1 66C, 1 67C,
fornia no, Kings, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San 1 67D, 1 68B, 1 92C, 1 93B, 1 93C, 2 1 9 D,
Luis Obispo, Solano, Tu lare 2 20B, 270C, 343D, 366C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, pi nyon
and juniper woodland, Sonoran desert 2 1 7B, 2 1 7C, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8B, 2 1 8 D, 240C, Cismontane woodland; elevation
scrub; elevation 600-1 800 meters. 240D, 241 C, 241 0, 242D, 243C, 243D, 400-1 600 meters.
264A, 264D, 265A, 265B, 265D, 267A,
Perennial herb, blooms March-June. Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
287B, 288A, 288D, 290C, 291 B, 291 D,
292A, 3 1 0B, 3 1 2B, 3 1 4B, 3 1 5C, 3 1 6B*, Need q uads for Monterey County.
Delphinium parryi Gray ssp. 3 1 8A, 338D, 341 D, 359B, 359D, 383B, Hybridizes with 0. parryi ssp. parryi. See
463C, 463D, 498B, 547D* Brittonia 8 : 1 9 ( 1 954) for original descrip­
blochmaniae (Greene) Lewis & Epl. tion, and Phytologia 67(6):490-491 ( 1 989)
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land,
" d u n e larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae for taxonomic treatment.
valley and foothill grassland / alkal ine;
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 elevation 3-750 meters.
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo, Ventura Delphinium variegatum T. & G ssp.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
1 1 3A, 1 1 4A, 1 70A, 1 70B, 1 7 1 A, 1 95B,
Many h i storical occu rrences; need cur­ kinkiense ( M u nz) Warnock
1 96B, 1 96 D, 221 D, 246A, 246D, 271 A
rent i nformation on status. Much habi­ "San Clemente Island larkspur"
Chaparral (mariti me), coastal du nes; tat converted to agricu lture; also Ranuncu laceae
elevation 0-200 meters. threatened by grazi ng. Abundant on List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. Carrizo Plain i n 1 99 5 .
State Endangered/Federal
Field work needed. Threatened by Endangered
development. Delphinium stachydeum (Gray) San Clemente Island
Tides. SCMC, SCM N, SCMS
Delphinium parryi Gray ssp. "spiked larkspur" Ran u nculaceae Val l ey and footh i l l grassland (coastal);
purpureum ( Lewis & Epl . ) Warnock List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 elevation 75-500 meters.
" Mt. Pinos larkspur" Ranuncu laceae Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Perennial herb, blooms March-April.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Utah, Washi ngton, a n d elsewhere Feral herbivores removed from San
Kern, Ventura 640A, 656A, 656C, 673B, 673C, 674B, Clemente Island , and vegetation recover­
Chaparral, Mojavean desert scrub, piny­
674C, 674D, 675D, 690C, 708A ing. Du biously distinct from 0. variegatum
on and juniper woodland; elevation Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­ i n Phytologia 68(1 ): 1 -3 ( 1 990); may be
1 000-2600 meters. erous forest (edges) / rocky; elevation difficult to distinguish from ssp. thornei.
1 300-2 600 meters. USFWS uses the name 0. kinkiense ssp.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. kinkiense. See Aliso 7:69 ( 1 969) for origi­
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Possibly th reatened by development. See nal description.
Brittonia 8: 1 5 ( 1 954) for o ri g i n a l descrip­ See Botanical Gazette 1 2:52 ( 1 887) for
tion, and Phytologia 68( 1 ): 1 -3 ( 1 990) for original description, Proceedings ofthe Bio­
revised nomenclature. logical Society of Washington 27:61 ( 1 9 1 4)
for revised nomenclature, and Brittonia
8: 1 -22 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment.
1 42 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Delphinium variegatum T. & G ssp. Dentaria pachystigma var. Dichanthelium lanuginosum ( E l l . )

thornei M u nz dissectifolia Gou ld var. thermale ( Bolan d . )
"Thorn e's royal larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae See Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia Spellen b erg
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 "Geysers d ichanthelium" Poaceae
San Clemente Island Deschampsia atropurpurea List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
SCMC, SCMS (Wah I . ) Scheele State Endangered
Cismontane woodland, valley and "mountain hair grass" Poaceae Sonoma
foothi l l grassland (coastal); elevation List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 533C, 534D
250-575 meters. Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon , and elsewhere Closed-cone coniferous forest, riparian
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May. Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­ scrub, valley and foothill grassland /
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. ous forest, u pper montane coniferous for­ hydrothermally-altered soil; elevation
Feral herbivores removed from San est / mesic; elevation 1 71 0-2300 meters. 305-825 meters.
Clemente Island, and vegetation recov­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Perennial herb, bloomsjune-August.
eri ng. May be d i fficult to d isti nguish
Known only from The Geysers geother­
from ssp. kinkiense.
Dicentra chrysantha mal area. Threatened by energy develop­
ment and erosion. A synonym of Panicum
Considered but rejected: too common
Dendromecon harfordii Kel l . var. acuminatum var. acuminatum i n TheJepson
harfordii Manual. See Madroiio 23(3): 1 5 1 ( 1 975)
Dicentra formosa ( H aw. ) Wal p ssp. for taxonomic treatment.
"Channel Island tree poppy" Papaveraceae
oregana ( Eastw. ) M u nz
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island "Oregon bleeding heart" Papaveraceae Dichelostemma lacuna-vernalis
List 4 I RED 1 -2-2 Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon capitatum ssp. capitatum; a common taxon
rocky; elevation 1 5-420 meters.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
March-Novem ber. pentinite ); elevation 425- 1 485 meters. Dichelostemma venustum
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. Considered but rejected: a sporadic
Threatened by feral herbivores; i ncreasing
hybrid between 0. ida-maia and 0. conges­
on Santa Cruz Island after reduction of Commercially exploited i n Oregon; on
feral sheep population. See 0. harfordii in watch list. See 0. formosa in TheJepson Man­
tum or 0. multiflorum
TheJepson Manual. USFWS uses the name ual. See Proceedings ofthe California Academy
0. rigida ssp. harfordii. ofSciences IV 20: 1 44 ( 1 93 1 ) for original Dichondra donnelliana
description, and Brittonia 1 3: 1 -57 ( 1 961 ) Considered but rejected: too common
for taxonomic treatment.
Dendromecon harfordii Kel l . var.
rhamnoides (Greene) M u nz Dichondra occidentalis House
Dicentra nevadensis Eastw.
" island tree poppy" Papaveraceae "western d ichondra" Convolvu laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 "Tu lare County bleeding heart" List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Papaveraceae
San Clemente Island * , Santa Catalina Los Angeles?, Mari n ?, Orange, Santa
Island List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Barbara, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
Fresno, Tulare Cruz Island, San Diego, San Miguel
SCMN*, SCMS* , SCTE, SCTN , SCTW
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura; Baja
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal Cal ifornia
coniferous forest (gravelly or sandy,
scrub; elevation 1 50-520 meters.
openings); elevation 2200-3050 meters. Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne. coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Known from approximately five occur­ J u ne-October. land; elevation 50-500 meters.
rences. Last seen on San Clemente Island
Can be confused with 0. formosa. See Pro­ Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
i n 1 966. Threatened by feral herbivores. March-J u ly.
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences
Most of the year a few plants are in
IV 20: 1 43 ( 1 93 1 ) for original description, Records for Marin County are q uestion­
flower. See 0. harfordii in TheJepson Manu­
and Brittonia 1 3 : 1 -57 ( 1 961 ) for taxo­ able; report from Los Angeles Cou nty
al. USFWS uses the name 0. rigida ssp.
nomic treatment. needs confirmation . See Muhlenbergia
rhamnoides.
1 : 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 906) for original descri ption.

Dendromecon rigida ssp. harfordii Dicentra ochroleuca

See Oendromecon harfordii var. harfordii
Considered but rejected: too common Didymodon norrisii Zand .
Pottiaceae
Dendromecon rigida ssp. Dicentra pauciflora List 2 / RED 2-2-2
Considered but rejected : too common Humboldt, Lake, Madera, Tuolumne;
rhamnoides
Oregon
See Oendromecon harfordii var. rhamnoides
41 7A, 474A, 549A, 549B, 549C, 565B,
671 C
Dentaria gemmata Cismontane wood land, lower montane
See Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata coniferous forest / i ntermittently mesic,
rock; elevation 600-1 700 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 43

Moss. Discelium nudum ( D icks.) Bri d . Perennial herb, blooms

See The Bryologist 1 02(1 ): 1 1 2- 1 1 5 ( 1 999) March-December.
Disceliaceae
for original description. Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
twenty occurrences, most with few plants.
Del Norte; Washington, and elsewhere Known in Sonora (Mexico) from only one
Dimeresia howellii Gray 723D collection. Threatened by vehicles. A syn­
"doublet" Asteraceae Coastal bluff scrub (soil, on clay banks); onym of 0. californica in TheJepson Manual.
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 elevation 1 0-50 meters. See Madrano 42(4):455-457 (1 995) for
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; I daho, Nevada, revised nomenclature.
Moss ( emphemeral).
Oregon
Very rare throughout its range i n the
659D, 673B, 675C, 676B, 676C, 690B, Northern Hemisphere. See Pl. Crypt. Brit. Dithyrea maritima A. Davids.
690C, 692A, 692B, 692D, 707B, 707C, Fasc. 4:7-1 0 ( 1 801 ) for original descrip­ "beach spectac lepod " Brassicaceae
709D, 7 1 2B, 71 3A, 71 3B, 724A, 725A tion, and Bryol. Univ. 1 :366 ( 1 826) for List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon revised nomenclature.
State Threatened
and j u n i per woodland / volcanic, xeric;
elevation 1 340-2380 meters. Los Angeles*, Santa Barbara, Santa
Dissanthelium californicum ( N utt.) Catalina Island*, San Lu is Obispo, San
Annual herb, blooms May-September. Be nth. Miguel Island * , San N icolas Island; Baja
Threatened in Idaho. Protected in part at Cal ifornia
"Californ ia dissanthel i u m " Poaceae
Ash Valley RNA ( BLM ), Lassen Cou nty. 90B*, 90C*, 1 1 2 D*, 1 71 A, 1 96A, 1 968,
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America ed . 2, List 1 A
1 96D, 221 B, 221 D, 247D, SMIE*,
1 ( 2 ):449 ( 1 886) for original descri ption, San Clemente Island *, Santa Catalina
SM IW* , SNIC
and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ): 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988) for Island * ; Guadal upe Island (Mexico)*
brief species account and BLM manage­ Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub (sandy);
Coastal scrub; elevation 5-500 meters.
ment plans. elevation 3-50 meters.
Annual herb, blooming period unknown .
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Known in California from only two col­ March-May.
Diplacus aridus lections; need quads. Last seen in 1 848
See Mimulus aridus Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than
on San Clemente Island, and before
twenty occurrences; extirpated from half
1 9 1 2 on Santa Catal ina Island (exact
of its historical range. Need historical
year u nknown ). Feral goats may have
Diplacus clevelandii quads for Santa Catalina Island. Last
caused exti nction; goat population now
See Mimulus clevelandii seen on San Miguel Island i n 1 932, and
removed from San Clemente Island and
i n Los Angeles County i n 1 932. Threat­
controlled on Santa Catal ina Island .
ened by tram pling, vehicles, and non­
Diplacus grandiflorus native plants. See Erythea 2 : 1 79 ( 1 894)
Considered but rejected: a synonym of Ditaxis adenophora for original description.
Mimulus bifidus ssp. bifidus; a common See Oitaxis clariana
taxon
Dodecahema leptoceras (Gray)
Ditaxis californica Rev. & H ard ham
Diplacus parviflorus
See Ditaxis serrata var. californica "slender-horned spineflower" Polygonaceae
See Mimulus flemingii
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Ditaxis clariana Ueps. ) Webster State Endangered/Federal
Dirca occidentalis Gray
"gland u lar ditaxis" Eu phorbiaceae Endangered
"western leatherwood" Thymelaeaceae Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Ari­ 49B, 50A, 67A, 67B*, 69A*, 69B, 70B,
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n , Santa zona, Sonora (Mexico) 84C*, 1 04C, 1 06C, 1 06D*, 1 07A* ,
Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma 1 07B, 1 07D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 33C*, 1 3 7A,
1 3 D, 25C, 26D, 60B, 6 1 A, 64B, 65A,
428A, 428B, 428C, 429A, 429D, 447A, 65B, 95A, 1 47C 1 37B*, 1 37C*, 1 37D, 1 38A
448C, 464C, 465B, 465C, 465D, 466A, Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
467B, 482C, 484C, 485D, 502C, 503D Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scru b / sandy; elevation 0-465 meters. coastal scrub (alluvial fan ) / sandy;
Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone elevation 200-760 meters.
coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane Perennial herb, blooms October-March.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
woodland, North Coast coniferous for­
est, riparian scrub, riparian woodland I Ditaxis serrata (Torr. ) A.A. Hel ler Many historical occurrences lost to urban­
mesic; elevation 50-395 meters. ization and stream channel ization; cur­
var. californica ( Bdg. ) Stei n man n & rently threatened by development, sand
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Felger and gravel mi ning, flood control, pro­
January-April . posed reservoir construction, vehicles, and
"California ditaxis" Eu phorbiaceae
Popu lations declin ing; not reproduc­ non-native plants. See Proceedings ofthe
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
i ng wel l . American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:269
Riverside, San Diego; Sonora ( Mexico)* ( 1 877) for original description, Great Basin
47D, 6 1 A, 61 B, 62A, 62B, 63A, 63C, Naturalist Memoirs 2: 1 69-1 90 ( 1 978) for
65A, 78C taxonomic treatment, Phytologia 66(2):
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 30-1 000 83-88 ( 1 989) for revised nomenclature,
meters. and Madrano 44(3 ):305 ( 1 997) for discus­
sion ofVail Lake occurrence.
1 44 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Dodecatheon pulchellum ( Raf. ) Downingia pusilla ( D. Don) Torr. Alpine bou lder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest / serpentin ite or vol­
Merr. "dwarf down i ngia" Campanu laceae canic; elevation 2000-3355 meters.
"beautifu l shooti ngstar" Pri m u l aceae List 2 / RED 1 -2-1
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Merced, Mariposa, Napa, Placer, Sacra­
mento, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Known in California from eight occur­
I nyo, Mono, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, rences near Mt. Eddy and Mt. Lassen . On
New Mexico, Oregon , Wash ington, Tehama, Yu ba; South America
watch list in Oregon , and state-listed as
Wyoming, and elsewhere 420C, 42 1 B, 440B, 440C, 440D, 441 A, Sensitive in Washington.
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps, 459C, 481 B, 481 D, 483A, 483 B, 496A,
pinyon and juni per woodland / mesic; 496B, 496D, 497C, 498B, 498C, 498D,
elevation 1 000-2200 meters. 499B, 499C, 500A, 500D, 5 0 1 A, 501 D, Draba breweri Wats. var. cana
502A, 5 1 2B, 5 1 8D, 528A, 528B, 528C, ( Ryd b. ) Rol l .
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
528D, 594B, 595A, 595D, 61 0B, 6 1 0C,
Possibly threatened by grazing and tram­ "hoary d raba" Brassicaceae
61 1 D
pling. Seejournal ofArnold Arboretum 29: List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Valley and foothi l l grassland ( mesic),
2 1 2 ( 1 948) for revised nomenclature. Mono; Wash ington, and elsewhere
vernal pools; elevation 1 -445 meters.
434C, 488A
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Downingia concolor Greene var. Threatened by u rbanization, agricu lture,
Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
brevior McVaugh and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest /
grazing, vehicles, and ind ustrial forestry.
carbonate; elevation 3000-3505 meters.
"Cuyamaca Lake down i ngia"
Campanu laceae Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
Draba asterophora Pays. var.
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 Known in California from only two occur­
asterophora rences near Lake Genevieve and Wheeler
State Endangered
"Tahoe draba" Brassicaceae Pk. State-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ng­
San Diego ton. A synonym ofO. cana in Thejepson
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
20A, 33D Alpine, El Dorado, Mono, Tuolumne; Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Meadows and seeps (vernally mesic), ver­ Nevada Club for original description, and Harvard
nal pools; elevation 1 400-1 500 meters. Papers in Botany 4:43-48 ( 1 993) for
453B, 522C, 522D, 523D revised nomenclature.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. Alpine bou lder and rock field, subalpine
Known from seven occurrences in the coniferous forest; elevation 2500-3505
Cuyamaca Lake area. Threatened by meters.
Draba californica (Jeps . ) Rol l . &
development, altered hydrology, graz­ Price
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
i ng, and recreation. Habitat restoration "California d raba" Brassicaceae
and seed i ntroduction occurred i n 1 994; Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. On watch list in Nevada. List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
conservation activities occurring as of
1 997. See Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botanical See Americanjournal ofBotany 4:263 I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Club 1 9(4) : 1 -57 ( 1 941 ) for origi nal ( 1 91 7) for original descri ption. Al pine bou lder and rock field, meadows
description. and seeps; elevation 3000-4250 meters.
Draba asterophora Pays. var. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Downingia humilis macrocarpa C . L. H itchc. Can be local ly common. Threatened by
See Downingia pusilla "Cup Lake d raba" Brassicaceae grazi ng and road construction . On
watch l ist in Nevada. See Manual ofthe
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 443
Downingia laeta (Greene) Greene El Dorado ( 1 92 5 ) by W.L. J epson for original
"Great Basin downi ngia" Campanu laceae 523D descri ption, and Aliso 1 2( 1 ) : 1 7-27
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky); ( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, elevation 2 500-28 1 5 meters.
Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Draba cana
620B, 639B, 656C, 657D, 675D, 677A, Known from only two occu rrences near See Draba breweri var. cana
677B, 677C, 692A Cup Lake and Saucer Lake below Ralston
Great Basin scrub (mesic), meadows and Pk. See Proceedin� ofthe Biological Society of Draba carnosula O . E. Sch u lz
seeps, marshes and swam ps (assorted Washington 1 1 :64 ( 1 941 ) for original
shallow freshwater), pi nyon and j un iper descri ption . " Mt. Eddy d raba" Brassicaceae
woodland (mesic), vernal pools; List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
elevation 1 220-2200 meters. Draba aureola Wats. Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri n ity
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. 668B, 684C, 698B?, 699C, 699D, 700D,
"golden d raba" Brassicaceae 738C, 738D
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2
occurrences. On watch l ist in Oregon . Subal pine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon , Wash­ tane coniferous forest / serpenti nite,
See Erythea 1 : 2 3 8 ( 1 893) for original
i ngton rocky; elevation 1 935-3000 meters.
description, and Leaflets ofBotanical Obser­
vation and Criticism 2 :45 ( 1 9 1 0) for revised 625B, 626A, 699C, 700D Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 45

Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Draba howellii Wats. Draba praealta Greene
rences. Occurrence (type locality) from
Mt. Shasta ( 698B) may be m islocated. " H owell's d raba" Brassicaceae "su bal pine d raba" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolum ne; Nevada,
Draba corrugata var. corrugata Tri nity; Oregon Oregon, Wash ington, Wyoming, and
Considered but rejected: too common elsewhere
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 1 370-3000 meters. 394A, 394B, 434D, 453B, 453C
Draba corrugata Wats. var. saxosa Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-J uly. Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
(A. Davids.) M . & J . Candidate for state l isting in Oregon . 2500-341 5 meters.
"rock draba" Brassicaceae Perennial herb, blooms j u ly-August.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Draba howellii var. camosula See Pittonia 3:306 ( 1 898) for original
Riverside See Oraba carnosula descri ption.
65C, 83C
Alpine boulder and rock field , subalpine Draba incrassata ( Ro l l . ) Rol l . Draba pterosperma Pays.
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ "winged-seed d raba" Brassicaceae
erous forest I rocky; elevation "Sweetwater Mountai ns d raba"
Llst: 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
2440-3 600 meters. Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3 Siskiyou
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Mono Upper montane coniferous forest (rocky
Known only from the San Jacinto and or gravel ly, often carbonate); elevation
Santa Rosa mountains. See Bulletin ofthe 434D, 487B, 488A, 488B, 488C
1 800-2500 meters.
Southern California Academy ofSciences 1 9( 1 ): Alpine boulder and rock field ( rhyol itic
1 1 ( 1 920) for original descri ption, Bulletin tal us); elevation 2500-3965 meters. Perennial herb, bloomsjune-August.
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 49( 1 2):352 Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Known only from the Marble and Salmon
( 1 922) for revised nomenclature, and Uni­ J uly-August. mou ntains.
versity ofWashington Publications in Biolog)'
1 1 :33 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Draba lemmonii var. incrassata Draba ciuadricostata
See Oraba incrassata See Cusickiel/a quadricostata
Draba crassifolia var. nevadensis
Considered but rejected: not in Cali for­
n ia; name m isapplied to 0. albertina; a Draba lonchocarpa Ryd b. var. Draba sharsmithii Rol l . & Price
common taxon lonchocarpa " Mt. Whitney draba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
"spear-fruited d raba" Brassicaceae
Draba cruciata Pays. List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
" M i neral King d raba" Brassicaceae I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, 308A, 352A, 352D, 373D, 41 6 D
List 18 / RED 2-1-3 Utah, Washington, Wyomi ng, and else­ Alpine boulder a n d rock field, subalpine
Tulare where coniferous forest; elevation 3355-3960
394A, 43 1 C, 434C, 434D meters.
308A, 330D, 3 3 1 A, 353A
Alpine boulder and rock field (carbonate, Perenn ial herb, blooms j u ly-August.
Subalpine coniferous forest (gravel ly);
elevation 2 500-33 1 5 meters. scree); elevation 3000-3295 meters. Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly. Need q uads for Fresno Cou nty. See
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August. Madrano 5 ( 5 ) 1 5 1 ( 1 940) for original
See Americanjournal ofBotany 4:265 See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
description .
( 1 9 1 7) for original descri ption. den 1 : 1 8 1 ( 1 900) for original descri ption.
Draba sierrae C.W. S harsm.
Draba cruciata var. integrifolia Draba monoensis Rol l . & Price
"Sierra d raba" Brassicaceae
See Oraba sharsmithii "White Mou ntains d raba" Brassicaceae
List 18 I RED 2-1-3
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, I nyo, Mono
Draba douglasii var. crockeri Mono
394A, 41 4B, 4 1 4C, 4 1 5A, 41 5 D, 43 1 C,
Considered but rejected : a synonym of 43 1 C, 450D
450D
Cusickiella douglasii; a common taxon Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
Alpine boulder and rock field (granitic or
and seeps; elevation 3000-3960 meters.
carbonate); elevation 3500-4265 meters.
Draba douglasii var. douglasii Perennial herb, blooms August.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of Known only from the White Mtns. Possi­ See Madrofio 5: 1 49 ( 1 940) for original
Cusickiella douglasii; a common taxon bly threatened by grazing. See Aliso 1 2( 1 ) :
descri ption.
1 7-27 ( 1 988) for original description.

Draba stenoloba var. ramosa

Draba nivalis var. elongata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 0.
Considered but rejected: too common, albertina; a common taxon

I
but needs reevaluation; a synonym of 0.
lonchocarpa var. lonchocarpa
1 46 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Draba subumbellata Rol l . & Price 1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32C; 1 32 D Dudleya attenuata (Wats. ) Moran
"mound d raba" Brassicaceae Pebble ( pavement) plain, pinyon and ssp. orcuttii ( Rose) Moran
j u n i per woodland, u pper montane conif­
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2 "Orcutt's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
erous forest / gran itic, quartzite, or car­
I nyo, Mono; Nevada bonate; elevation 1 585-2600 meters. List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Alpine boulder and rock field , alpine San Diego; Baja California
Perennial herb, blooms April-J une.
dwarf scrub? / carbonate; elevation 11D
3000-41 1 5 meters. Known only from the San Bernard i no
Mtns. Threatened by development and Coastal bluffscrub, chaparral, coastal
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJu ly. l i mestone min ing. See Madrano 34( 4):349 scrub / rocky or gravel ly; elevation 3-50
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Aliso 1 2( 1 ): ( 1 987) for original descri ption. meters.
1 7-27 ( 1 988) for original description. Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. Known in California only from Border
Drosera anglica H uds. bettinae ( H oov. ) J . Bartel Field SP. Possi bly threatened by tram­
pling and Border Patrol activities. See Bul­
" English s u ndew" Droseraceae "San Lu is Obispo serpentin e d u d l eya" letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3 :36
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 Crassulaceae ( 1 903) for original descri ption.
Lassen, Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ngton, San Lu is Obispo
and elsewhere Dudleya bettinae
246C, 247A, 247B, 247D See Oudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae
5 54B, 555A, 605C, 606B, 607A, 607C,
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
623C, 624D, 625A, 625B, 662B, 673B,
foothill grassland / serpentinite, rocky;
674A, 7 1 9 D
elevation 20-1 80 meters.
Dudleya blochmaniae ( Eastw. )
Bogs a n d fens, meadows and seeps Moran ssp. blochmaniae
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
(mesic); elevation 1 300-2000 meters. " Bloch man's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
Perennial herb (carnivorous), blooms List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0( 1 1 ) : 1 86
June-August. Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, San
( 1 965) for origi nal descri ption, and
Phytologia 70( 4 ) : 229-230 for revised Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura; Baja
Drosera obovata nomenclatu re. Californ ia
Considered but rejected : a steri le hybrid 36A, 36B, 5 1 C, 52A, 52B, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3 B,
of 0. anglica and 0. rotundifolia Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. murina 1 1 3D, 1 1 4A, 1 96B, 2 2 1 B, 246C, 247B,
247D
( Eastw. ) Moran
Drosera rotundifolia Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
"San Lu is Obispo d u d leya" Crassulaceae scrub, valley and foothi l l grassland /
Considered but rejected : too common List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 rocky, often clay or serpenti n ite; elevation
San Lu is Obispo 5-450 meters.
Dryopteris filix-mas ( L. ) Schott 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 246C, 246D, 247D Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
" m ale fern" Dryopteridaceae Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­ Known from fewer than twenty occur­
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 pentinite; elevation 90-300 meters. rences in California, and fewer than five
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no*; Arizona, Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms May-J u ne. i n Baja California. Seriously threatened
Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, by development. Northern and southern
Utah , Washington , and elsewhere popu lations genetically distinct.
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva
1 3 1 C* , 41 2A, 43 1 C, 43 1 D
See Oudleya parva
Upper montane coniferous forest Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
(granitic, rocky); elevation 2400-3 1 00 brevifolia
meters. Dudleya alainae Reiser See Oudleya brevifolia
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous ), fertile " Banner dud leya" Crassulaceae
July-September. List 3 / RED 3-2-3 Dudleya blochmaniae ( Eastw. )
Known in Californ ia from only five occur­ San Diego Moran ssp. insularis Moran
rences in the White Mtns. Endangered i n 33D
Oregon . See Madrano 35(2 ) : 1 64 ( 1 988) "Santa Rosa Island dud leya" Crassulaceae
for i nformation on second occu rrence in Chaparral, lower montane coniferous List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
California. forest / rocky; elevation 800-1 200
Santa Rosa Island
meters.
SROE
Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. affinis Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 3 meters.
Move to List 1 B? A synonym of 0. saxosa
K. Nakai ssp. a/aides in TheJepson Manual. See Cactus Perennial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
"San Bernardi n o Mou ntains d u d leya" and Succulentjournal 56: 1 47-1 48 ( 1 984) Known from only o n e occurrence near
Crassulaceae for original description. Taxonomic ques­ Old Ranch Pt. Population has been
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3 tions remain unanswered by treatment i n fenced as of 1 996; stil l possibly threat­
San Bernard i no Cactus and Succulentjournal 58: 1 1 1 -1 1 5 ened by cattle trampling, grazing by feral
( 1 986); critical evaluation needed. herbivores, and horticultural col lecting.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 47

Dudleya brevifolia ( Mora n ) Moran Chaparral, cismontane woodland / Known from only eight occurrences in the
rocky, volcanic; elevation 200-500 Santa Monica Mtns. Threatened by
"short-leaved dud leya" Crassulaceae meters. development and foot traffic. See
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 Madroiio 1 4(3): 1 06 ( 1 957) for original
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
State Endangered description.
Known only from the western Santa
San Diego Monica Mtns. Threatened by develop­
22B, 22C ment. A synonym of 0. cymosa ssp. ovatifo­ Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. &
Chaparral ( maritime, openings), coastal lia i n TheJepson Manual; USFWS also uses Rose ssp. ovatifolia ( Britt.) Moran
scrub / Torrey sandstone; elevation this name. See Madroiio 34( 4 ) :339 ( 1 987)
for original description. "Santa Mon ica Mountai ns d u d leya"
30-250 meters. Crassulaceae
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l . List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Known from fewer than five occurrences Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. & Federal Threatened
in the Del Mar and La Jolla areas. Serious­ Rose ssp. costafolia J . Bartel &
Los Angeles, Orange
ly threatened by urbanization, vehicles, Shevock
foot trafffic, and fire break construction. 70A, 1 1 2C, 1 1 2D
" Pierpoint Springs dud leya" Crassulaceae
State-listed as 0. blochmaniae ssp. brevifolia; Chaparral, coastal scru b / volcanic;
see this name i n TheJepson Manual. See List 18 / RED 3-2-3 elevation 1 50-1 675 meters.
Baileya 1 9: 1 46 ( 1 975) for revised nomen­ Tul are
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
clature, and Fremontia 1 3( 1 ) : 2 1 ( 1 985) 308B, 332A Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
for species account.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / car­ Threatened by development and recre­
bonate; elevation 1 435-1 600 meters. ation. Does not include 0. cymosa ssp.
Dudleya calcicola Bartel & Shevock Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. agourensis.
" l i m eston e dud leya" Crassulaceae Known only from the Middle Fork of the
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Tu le River. Threatened by potential l ime­ Dudleya cymosa ssp. paniculata
Inyo, Kern, Tu lare stone m i ning and horticultural collecting. Considered but rejected: too common
See Aliso 1 2( 4 ):701 -704 ( 1 990) for origi­
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
nal descri ption.
carbonate; elevation 500-2600 meters. Dudleya densiflora ( Rose) Moran
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-August. "San Gabriel Mountains dud leya"
Dudleya cymosa ( Lem . ) Britt. &
See Madroiio 30( 4):21 0-2 1 6 ( 1 983) for Crassulaceae
original description and 34( 4 ) :334-353
Rose ssp. crebrifolia K. Nakai &
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
( 1 987) for alternate treatment. Verity
Los Angeles
"San Gabriel River dud leya" Crassulaceae 1 09A, 1 09B
Dudleya candelabrum Rose List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane
Los Angeles coniferous forest / granitic, cliffs and
"cand leholder dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 1 09B canyon walls; elevation 300-520 meters.
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island, Chaparral (gran itic); elevation 275-425 Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Santa Rosa Island meters. Known from approxi mately five occur­
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SMIE, SROE, SROW Perenn ial herb, blooms April-July. rences. Threatened by m i n i ng and devel­
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Known only from the type locality along opment.
coastal scrub / rocky; elevation 5-61 0 the San Gabriel River. See Madroiio
meters. 34( 4):334-353 ( 1 987) for original Dudleya gnoma S. McCabe
descri ption.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. "m unch kin d u d leya" Crassulaceae
Threatened by feral herbivores. See Bulletin List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
ofthe New York Bownical Garden 3(9): 1 -45 Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. &
Santa Rosa Island
( 1 903) for original descri ption. Rose ssp. marcescens Moran
SROE
" marcescent d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
Coastal bluff scrub (gravelly, volcanic);
Dudleya cymosa ( Lemaire) Britton List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
elevation 20-70 meters.
& Rose ssp. agourensis K. Nakai State Rare/Federal Threatened
Perennial herb, blooms May.
"Santa Mon ica Mtns. dudleya" Los Angeles, Ventura
Known from only one occurrence near
Crassu laceae 1 1 2C, 1 1 3B, 1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D East Pt., with only 3200 individuals as of
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Chaparral (volcanic); elevation 1 50-520 1 994. Threatened by erosion, and possi­
Federal Threatened meters. bly by tram pling. Most of population has
Los Angeles, Ventura Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-J une. been fenced by N PS as of 1 994. Not i n
TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio 44( 1 ):49
1 1 2 B, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3 D
( 1 997) for original descri ption.
1 48 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Dudleya greenei Rose Known from approximately ten occur­ Known from approxi mately six occur­
rences from the western end of Simi Hills rences near Lagu na Beach. Threatened by
"Greene's d u d leya" Crassulaceae to Conejo Grade. Threatened by horticul­ development, recreation, and non-native
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 tural collecting, recreation, vehicles, and plants, and possibly by horticu ltural col­
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, urbanization. Federally-listed as 0. abramsii lecting. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Califor­
San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island ssp. parva; see this name i n TheJepson Man­ nia Academy ofSciences 48: 1 05-1 1 4 (1 950)
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­ ual. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California for original description.
tane woodland, coastal scrub / volcanic Academy ofSciences 22:5 ( 1 923) for original
cliffs; elevation 1 -245 meters. description, and Madrano 30(3 ) : 1 91
( 1 983) for distributional information.
Dudleya traskiae ( Rose) M oran
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly. "Santa Barbara Island d u d l eya"
Threatened by cattle trampling and feral Crassulaceae
herbivores on Santa Rosa Island . Dudleya saxosa Uones) Britt. &
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Rose ssp. saxosa
State Endangered/Federal
Dudleya multicaulis ( Rose) M oran " Panamint d u d leya" Crassulaceae Endangered
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3 Santa Barbara Island
" many-stem m ed dud leya" Crassulaceae
I nyo SBRA
List 1 B / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San 302D, 3250 Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scru b /
Bernardi no, San Diego Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and rocky; elevation 30-1 1 0 meters.
49B, 5 1 B, 5 1 C, 5 2A, 52D, 69A, 69B, jun iper wood land / granitic or carbon­ Perenn ial herb, blooms February-July.
69C, 70B, 70C, 70D, 7 1 A, 71 B*, 71 D, ate, rocky; elevation 1 1 00-2200 meters.
Known from eleven occurrences. See Bul­
86C, 87B*, 87C, 87D, 88B*, 88D, 90B*, Shrub (leaf succu lent), blooms April­ letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3:34
1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09 0, 1 1 1 D, 1 1 2 B, 1 1 20 September. ( 1 903) for original description, and Fre­
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and Known only from the Panamint Mtns. montia 5(4):37-38 ( 1 978) for discussion
foothill grassland / often clay; elevation See Contributions to Western Botany 8:28 of rediscovery and 1 4(4):3-6 ( 1 987) for
1 5-790 meters. ( 1 898) for original descri ption, and Bul­ i nformation on recovery work.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly. letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3 : 1 5
( 1 903) for revised nomenclature.
Seriously threatened by development, Dudleya variegata (Wats . ) Moran
road construction, grazing, and recre­ "variegated d u d l eya" Crassu l aceae
ation. See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical Dudleya setchellii Ueps.) Britt. &
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Garden 3:38 ( 1 903) for original descrip­ Rose
tion, and Madrano 45( 3 ) : 2 1 5-220 ( 1 998) San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
"Santa Clara Valley d u d leya" Crassulaceae
for population ecology information. 1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 2 1 B,
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 2 1 C, 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 35D, 36A
Federal Endangered Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
Dudleya nesiotica ( Moran) M oran
Santa Clara scrub, valley and foothill grassland, vernal
"Santa Cruz Island d u d leya" Crassulaceae 406A, 406B, 406C, 406D, 407A, 407B, pools / clay; elevation 3-550 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 4270 Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
State Rare/Federal Threatened Cismontane wood land , valley and Threatened by development and grazing.
Santa Cruz Island foothill grassland / serpentinite, rocky;
SCZA elevation 60-365 meters.
Dudleya verityi K. Nakai
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub I rocky Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
or gravelly, clay; elevation 1 0-50 meters. Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ "Verity's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
rences in the Santa Clara Valley. Threat­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
ened by u rbanization, vehicles, and Federal Threatened
Known from only one extended occur­
grazing. Ventura
rence near Frasier Pt. Threatened by
non-native plants, and possibly by feral 1 1 3 B, 1 1 4A
herbivores and horticultural col lecti ng. Dudleya stolonifera Moran Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
See Desert Plant Life 22: 99 ( 1 9 51 ) for coastal scru b / volcanic; elevation
" Lagu na Beach dud leya" Crassu laceae
original descri ption. 60-1 20 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Dudleya parva Rose & Davids. Threatened Known from only three occurrences near
"Conej o dud leya" Crassulaceae Orange Conejo Mtn. Threatened by mining, Aood
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 control activities, and development. See
70C, 71 B, 71 D
Cactus and Succulentjournal 55: 1 96-200
Federal Threatened Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ( 1 983) for original descri ption.
Ventura coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B, 1 39D land / rocky; elevation 1 0-260 meters.
Dudleya virens
Coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­ Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
See Dudleya virens ssp. virens
land / rocky or gravel ly, clay; elevation May-J uly.
60-450 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 49

Dudleya virens ssp. hassei Echinocereus engelmannii ( Parry) Elymus californicus ( Bo l . ) Gould
Considered but rejected: too com mon Rue m pler var. howei L. Benson "Californ ia bottle-brush grass" Poaceae
" H owe's h edgehog cactus" Cactaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Dudleya virens ( Rose) Moran ssp. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Monterey?, Mari n , Santa Cruz, San
insularis ( Rose) Moran San Bernardino Mateo, Sonoma
"island green d u d l eya" Crassulaceae 1 73A, 1 74A Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland, North Coast coniferous for­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
est, riparian woodland; elevation 1 5-470
Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, San 430-775 meters.
meters.
Nicolas Island Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-November.
73A, 90C, SCTE, SCTN, S CTS, SNIC April-May.
Does plant occur in Monterey County?
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub / Probably threatened by horticultural col­
rocky; elevation 5-300 meters. lecting. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Cac­
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
tus and Succulentjournal 46:80 ( 1 974) for Elymus scribneri Jones
original description.
See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical Garden "Scribner's wheat grass" Poaceae
3(9):35 ( 1 903) for original description, List 2 / RED 2 - 1 -1
and Haseltonia 3:2 ( 1 995) for revised Echinocereus engelmannii var. Mono, Nevada, and elsewhere
nomenclature. munzii 432A, 434D
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation
Dudleya virens ( Rose) Moran ssp. engelmannii; a common taxon 2900-4200 meters.
Vlrens Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August.
" bright green d u dleya" Crassulaceae
Eleocharis decumbens
Known in Cal iforn ia only from the
Considered but rejected: too common; a White Mtns.
synonym of E. montevidensis
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS Empetrum hermaphroditum
Eleocharis parvula ( R. & S. ) Li n k
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal See Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum
scrub / rocky; elevation 5-400 meters. "small spikerush" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. Empetrum nigrum L. ssp.
Butte, Contra Costa, Glenn, H u m boldt,
See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical Garden
Napa, Orange, Siskiyo u , San Luis Obis­
hermaphroditum ( Lange) Bocher
3 :34 ( 1 903) for original descri ption,
po, Sonoma, Ventura; Oregon, Washing­ "black crowberry" Empetraceae
Desert Plant Life 1 4:1 90-1 93 ( 1 943) for ton, and elsewhere List 2 / RED 3-2-1
revised nomenclature and Haseltonia
3 : 1 -9 ( 1 99 5 ) for taxonomic treatment. Marshes and swamps; elevation 1 -2 530 Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon , and else­
meters. where
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-September. 689C, 723B, 740C
Dudleya viscida (Wats. ) Moran
See Wasmannjournal ofBiolog)' 33( 1 -2 ): Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
"sticky dud leya" Crassulaceae 98 ( 1 975) for discussion of California elevation 1 0-200 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 distribution. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
Orange, Riverside, San Diego
Threatened by trampling and cattle graz­
22C, 3SC, 36A, 36B, 50B, 5 1 A, 5 1 B, Eleocharis quadrangulata ( M ichx. ) ing. See E. nigrum in TheJepson Manual.
51 C, 69C, 70D See Four Seasons 4( 4 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 974) for
R. & S.
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal species account, and Madrano 23(5):299
scrub / rocky; elevation 1 0-550 meters. "four-angled spikerush" Cyperaceae ( 1 976) for discussion of H u mboldt
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Cou nty discovery.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
Butte, Merced, Shasta, Tehama; and else­
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ where
rences. Th reatened by development and Enceliopsis covillei ( Nels.) Blake
road construction. See Proceedings ofthe 423C, 423D, 559C, 560A, 560B, 560D,
576B, 577C, 593B, 595A, 6 1 0C, 628D, " Panamint daisy" Asteraceae
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
647D List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
1 7:372 ( 1 882) for original description.
Marshes and swamps (freshwater); I nyo
elevation 30-500 meters. 302A, 302B, 302C, 325B, 325C
Eatonella congdonii
See Lembertia congdonii Perennial herb, blooms May-September. Mojavean desert scrub (subalkal ine);
elevation 400- 1 830 meters.
Elodea brandegeae Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J une.
Echinocactus polycephalus var.
polycephalus Considered but rejected: a synonym of E. Threatened by horticu ltural collecting,
canadensis; a common taxon mining, and grazing. See Proceedings ofthe
Considered but rejected: too common California Academy ofSciences I I 5 : 702
( 1 895) for original description.
1 50 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Enceliopsis nudicaulis Known only from the type location along Threatened by recreation and foot traffic,
See Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. nudicaulis the Merced River. See The Bryologist 58 and possibly by logging. See Zoe 3 :
( 1 ) : 1 -1 5 ( 1 955) for original description. 242-243 ( 1 892) for original descri ption.

Enceliopsis nudicaulis (Gray) A.

Nels. var. corrugata Cro n q .
Ephedra funerea Epilobium oreganum Greene
Considered but rejected : too common "Oregon fireweed" Onagraceae
"Ash Meadows d aisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
List 3 / RED 3-1-2
Epilobium canum ssp. Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Humboldt,
Federal Threatened
septentrionale Mendocino, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama,
I nyo; Nevada Tri n ity; Oregon
See Epilobium septentrionale
349A, 370A, 370D 523C, 523D, 58 1 A, 597C, 598A, 632A,
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate); 632D, 633D, 634D, 652A, 652B, 653A,
Epilobium howellii Hoch 653B, 666B, 667A, 667B, 669B, 669C,
elevation 1 235- 1 405 meters.
"subalpine fireweed " O n agraceae 670B, 670C, 682A, 684D, 686A, 686B,
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 686C, 699C, 699D*, 703C, 720C, 720D,
Move to List 1 B? Known in California 721 C, 721 D, 735A, 739A
Fresno, Mono, Sierra
from only two occurrences near Teakettle
J u nction; is Cal iforn ia material intermedi­ 396A, 396B, 41 6D, 571 C Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane con iferous forest /
ate with var. nudicaulis? Not in TheJepson Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
Manual. State-l isted as Critically Endan­ mesic; elevation 500-2240 meters.
ous forest / mesic; elevation 2000-2700
gered in Nevada. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey meters. Perennial herb, bloom s J u n e-September.
Botanical Club 99( 5 ): 246 ( 1 972) for origi­ Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Unable to confirm many h istorical occur­
nal description. rences on Shasta-Trinity NF; is it more
J u ly-August.
common elsewhere? Threatened by log­
Known from only four occurrences. Rari­ ging. Known from fewer than 1 000
Enceliopsis nudicaulis (Gray) A. ty and endangerment i nformation need­ plants at about twenty localities in Ore­
Nels. var. nudicaulis ed . Need quads for Mono County. See gon , where candidate for state l isting.
"naked-stem med daisy" Asteraceae
Phytologia 73(6):460-462 ( 1 992) for orig­ See Pittonia 1 :255 ( 1 888) for original
i nal descri ption. descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona,
Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere Epilobium latifolium Epilobium palustre L.
Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert Considered but rejected : too common
"marsh willowherb" Onagraceae
scrub / volcanic or carbonate; elevation
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
950-2000 meters. Epilobium luteum Pursh El Dorado, Pl umas; I daho, Washi ngton,
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. "yellow wi llowherb" Onagraceae and elsewhere
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of List 2 / RED 3-1-1 523D, 625A
Arts and Sciences 8 : 656 ( 1 873) for original Plu mas, Siskiyou; Oregon , Wash i ngton ,
description, and Botanical Gazette 47:433 Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
a n d elsewhere ( mesic); elevation 2200 meters.
( 1 909) for revised nomenclature.
589D, 738A Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Lower montane coniferous forest (alongs J u ly-August.
Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. streams and seeps), meadows and seeps; Known in California only from Grass Lake
" n i ne-awned pappus grass" Poaceae elevation 1 500-1 705 meters. (El Dorado County) and Wi llow Lake
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Perennial h erb (stoloniferous), blooms (Plumas County). On monitor list in
San Bernard ino; and elsewhere J u ly-September. Idaho.
1 76A, 200A, 226A, 249D On review l ist i n Oregon . See Systematic
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland ( rocky, car­ Botany 1 8( 2 ) : 2 1 8-228 ( 1 993 ) for infor­ Epilobium rigidum H ausskn .
bonate); elevation 1 275-1 82 5 meters. mation on hybridization.
"Siskiyou Mou ntains wi llowherb"
Perenn ial herb, blooms August­ Onagraceae
September. Epilobium nivium Bdg. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
"Snow Mou ntain wi llowherb" Onagraceae Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Entosthodon kochii Cru m & List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 Lower montane coniferous forest ( ser­
Anderson Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Trinity pentin ite); elevation 1 50- 1 200 meters.
Fu nariaceae 564B, 564C, 565A, 565D, 581 C, 589A, Perenn ial herb, blooms July-August.
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 598A, 598B On watch l ist in Oregon .
Mari posa Chaparral, upper montane coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 795-2500
438C
meters.
Cismontane wood land (soil); elevation
Perenn ial herb, blooms July-October.
500-1 000 meters.
Moss.
 C N PS I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS 1 51

Epilobium septentrionale ( Keck) 2 1 6A, 2 1 6B, 2 1 6C, 2 1 7A, 241A, 241 C, Eriastrum filifolium
Raven 242A, 242B, 242C, 242D, 265B* Considered but rejected : too common
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
" H u m boldt County fuchsia" Onagraceae
grassland; elevation 70-1 000 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Eriastrum hooveri U eps. ) M ason
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Humboldt, Mendocino, Trin ity " Hoover's eriastru m " Polemoniaceae
White-flowered plants of Kern County
(E. kernensis sensu stricto) known from
Broadleaved u pland forest, North Coast List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
coniferous forest I sandy or rocky; Federal Threatened
fewer than twenty occurrences. Seriously
elevation 45-1 800 meters.
threatened by agriculture, grazing, and Fresno, Kings, Kern, Santa Barbara, San
Perennial herb, blooms j u ly-September. oil development. See E. parryi ssp. kernen­ Benito, San Lu is Obispo, Tulare
See Carnegie Institution ofWashington Publi­ sis in TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia Chenopod scrub, pinyon and jun iper
cation 520: 2 1 9 ( 1 940) for original 72( 1 ) :48-54 ( 1 992) for alternate taxo­ woodland, valley and foothill grassland;
descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri nomic treatment which i ncl udes laven­ elevation 50-9 1 5 meters.
Botanical Garden 63:335 ( 1 976) for der-flowered plants and broadens range
revised treatment. to west. Annual herb, blooms March-:J uly.
Threatened by agriculture, grazing, u rban­
ization, energy development, and vehicles.
Epilobium siskiyouense ( M u nz) Eriastrum brandegeae M ason See Madrano 45( 4):290-300 (1 998) for
H och & Raven " Brandegee's eriastru m " Polemon iaceae ecological information.
"Siskiyou fi reweed" Onagraceae list 18 / RED 2-2-3
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2 Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Santa Clara, Eriastrum luteum ( Benth . ) M ason
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon Tehama
"yellow-flowered eriastru m" Polemoniaceae
667A, 667B, 682B, 684A, 684B, 684C, 426D, 533 B * , 534A, 534D, 548B, 564A,
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
686D, 699C, 700C, 700D, 7 1 9 D, 736A, 5640, 565A, 5800, 596A, 5960, 61 2B,
61 2C, 61 2 D, 6 1 3A, 630C, 631 D Monterey, San Luis Obispo
736B, 7380
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / 1 92B, 2 1 7C, 245B, 245C, 246A, 246B,
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine 246D, 269C, 269D, 270B, 292B, 294C,
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ volcanic; elevation 305-1 030 meters.
295B, 296A
erous forest / rocky, serpentinite; Annual herb, blooms April-August.
elevation 1 700-2500 meters. Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
Threatened by grazing, vehicles, recre­ cismontane woodland / sandy or gravel­
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September. ation, and development. Does not i nclude ly; elevation 290-1 000 meters.
Known in California from fewer than E. tracyi. See Madrano 8(3):88-89 ( 1 945)
for original description. Annual herb, blooms May-June.
twenty occurrences. Candidate for state
l isting in Oregon . See North American Flora See Madrano 8:81 ( 1 945) for revised
I I 5:205 ( 1 965) for original description, nomenclature.
Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
and Madrano 27(3 ) : 1 46 ( 1 980) for densifolium
revised nomenclature. Eriastrum pluriflorum ssp.
Considered but rejected : too common
sherman-hoytae
Equisetum palustre L. Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
Eriastrum densifolium ( Ben th . ) pluriflorum; a common taxon
" m arsh h orsetai l " Eq u isetaceae Mason ssp. sanctorum ( M l kn . )
List 3 / RED 3-?-1 Mason
Lake, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo; Eriastrum tracyi H . Mason
Idaho, Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­ "Santa Ana River wool lystar"
Polemoniaceae "Tracy's eriastrum " Polemoniaceae
where List 18 / RED 3-2-3
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
448B, 532C State Rare
State Endangered/Federal
Marshes and swamps; elevation 45-1 000 Colusa, Glenn, Santa Clara, Tehama,
Endangered
meters. Tri nity
Orange*, Riverside, San Bernard i no
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), u nknown 426A, 426D, 564A, 564C, 564D, 6 1 2D,
when ferti le. 87C*, 1 06C, 1 06 0, 1 07A, 1 07B*, 1 07C,
1 070 650C
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
endangerment information needed; Chaparral, coastal scrub (alluvial fan) /
sandy or gravel ly; elevation 1 50-6 1 0 elevation 3 1 5-760 meters.
need q uads for Lake and San Mateo
counties. Scarcity poorly u n derstood . meters. Annual herb, blooms J une-J uly.
Napa Cou nty occurrence ( 532C) locat­ Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-September. Threatened by vehicles and grazi ng. A
ed in 1 994 is perhaps only the second Known from one extended but fragment­ synonym of E. brandegeae in TheJepson
confirmed in Cal iforn ia. ed population. Threatened by develop­ Manual. See Madrano 8(3 ):87 ( 1 945) for
ment, vehicles, sand and gravel min ing, original descri ption.
Eremalche kernensis C. B. Wolf flood control projects, and non-native
plants. See Crossosoma 1 0( 5): 1 -8 ( 1 984)
" Kern mal low" M alvaceae and Fremontia 1 3(3): 1 9-20 ( 1 985) for
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 species accounts, Fremontia 1 7( 3 ) : 20-2 1
Federal Endangered ( 1 989) for discussion o f ecology, and Sys­
Kern tematic Botany 23(3 ) : 3 5 1 -368 ( 1 999) for
taxonomic i nformation.
1 52 C N P S I N V E N TORY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Eriastrum virgatum ( Benth. ) See Madrano 37(1 ) : 63 ( 1 990) for first Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
Mason Kern County record , and Phytologia tane coniferous forest, pi nyon and
68(2): 1 44-1 55 ( 1 990) for revised j u n i per wood land, u pper montane
"vi rgate eriastru m " Polemon iaceae nomenclature. coniferous forest / rocky, granitic;
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 elevation 1 500-2440 meters.
Monterey, San Benito Ericameria nana N utt. Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal July-August.
d u nes, coastal scrub / sandy; elevation "dwarf golden bush" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
45-700 meters. rences. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly. I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Idah o, tions in Botany 6: 1 74 ( 1 9 1 5) for original
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and description, and Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208
elsewhere ( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
Ericameria brachylepis Pi nyon and juniper wood land ( rocky, car­
Considered but rejected: too common bonate or gran itic); elevation 1 585-2800
meters.
Erigeron angustatus Greene
Ericameria cuneata (Gray) Shrub, blooms J u ly-November. "narrow-leaved daisy" Asteraceae
McClatchie var. macrocephala List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
U rbatsch Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Ericameria ophitidis U .T. Howell)
G. N esom 500A, 500B, 502B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 51 7A,
" Lagu n a Mountains goldenbush" 5 1 7B, 5 1 9 D, 533C, 548B
Asteraceae "serpentine golden bush" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Chaparral ( serpentin ite); elevation
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 80-1 50 meters.
San Diego Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
1 9B, 1 9C, 1 9 D, 20D Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
Chaparral (granitic); elevation forest / generally serpentinite; elevation
my ofSciences 1 :88 ( 1 885) for original
1 1 95-1 850 meters. 1 1 80-1 690 meters.
description, and Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208
Shrub, blooms September-December. Shrub, bloom s J u ne-August. ( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
Known on ly from the Laguna Mtns. See See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6:85 ( 1 950)
Madrofio 23(6):338-345 ( 1 976) for origi­ for original description, and Phytologia Erigeron aphanactis var. congestus
nal descri ption. 68( 2 ) : 1 44-1 55 ( 1 990) for revised
Considered but rejected : too common
nomenclature.
Ericameria fasciculata ( Eastw. ) Erigeron argentatus
Macbr. Ericameria palmeri (Gray) H a l l ssp.
Considered but rejected: too common
" Eastwood's golden bush" Asteraceae
palmeri
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 " Palmer's golden bush" Asteraceae
Erigeron biolettii Greene
Monterey List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia "streamside d aisy" Asteraceae
365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C, 366D, 386C
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral 9B, 1 0B, 1 1 A, 1 1 B* , 1 1 D, 2 1 C, 2 2D,
34D Humboldt, Mendocino, Mari n , Napa,
( mariti me), coastal d unes, coastal scrub / Solano, Sonoma
sandy, open ings; elevation 30-2 75 Chaparral, coastal scrub / mesic;
meters. elevation 30-600 meters. 482B, 484A, 500C, 5 0 1 A, 502B, 503A,
5 1 6C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 551 C, 6 1 7D
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms J uly-October. S h rub (evergreen ), blooms
J u ly-November. Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
woodland, North Coast coniferous forest /
rences in the Monterey Bay area. Threat­ Known in Californ ia from only six occur­
rocky, mesic; elevation 30-1 1 00 meters.
ened by development. See Bulletin ofthe rences. Threatened by development.
Torrey Botanical Club 32:2 1 5 ( 1 905) for USFWS uses the name Haplopappus Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
original description. palmeri ssp. palmeri. Move to List 1 B? Location , rarity, and
endangerment information needed . Most
collections are very old. l ntergrades with
Ericameria gilmanii ( Blake) G. Erigeron acris var. debilis
E. inornatus. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
N esom See Trimorpha acris var. debilis Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 1 8 1 ( 1 894)
"Gi lman's golden bush" Asteraceae by E. Greene for original description, and
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 Erigeron aequifolius Hall Phytologia 72(2): 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for tax­
onomic treatment.
I nyo, Kern "Hall's daisy" Asteraceae
2 58B, 302A, 392D List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare
Erigeron blochmaniae Greene
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / carbonate or 258B, 307B, 307C, 330C, 374C, 374D, " Blochman's leafy d aisy" Asteraceae
granitic, rocky; elevation 2 1 00-3400 375C, 375D List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
meters. Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
Shrub, blooms August-September. 1 45B, 1 7 1 A, 1 71 C, 1 95B, 1 96B, 1 96D,
22 1 B, 22 1 0, 247D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 53

Coastal dunes, coastal scrub; elevation Erigeron cervinus Greene Erigeron elegantulus Greene
3-45 meters.
"Siskiyou daisy" Asteraceae "vo lcan ic daisy" Asteraceae
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
J u ly-August.
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Threatened by development, non-natives, Tehama; Oregon
and vehicles. See Pittonia 3 : 2 7-28 ( 1 896) Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
for original description, and Phytologia ows and seeps; elevation 2 5-1 900 meters. Alpine boulder and rock field, Great
72(3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for taxonomic Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­
treatment. June-August. l and, subalpine coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / volcanic;
Incl udes E. delicatus. Endangered i n elevation 1 000-2665 meters.
Erigeron bloomeri Gray var. Oregon.
Perennial herb, blooms March-August.
nudatus (Gray) Cro n q .
Protected in part at Ash Valley RNA
"Waldo daisy" Asteraceae
Erigeron compactus Blake var. ( B LM), Lassen County. See Fremontia
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 compactus 1 6(1 ) : 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988) for brief species
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon "cushion d aisy" Asteraceae account and BLM management plans.
700A, 701 A, 737B, 738A, 738B, 738C, List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
739A I nyo; Nevada, Utah, Wyoming Erigeron flexuosus
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper 392A, 392C, 392D, 41 2A, 41 2C Considered but rejected : too common; a
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite; Pi nyon and juniper woodland ( rocky or synonym of E. lassenianus var. lassenianus
elevation 600-2300 meters. gravel ly, carbonate) ; elevation
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly. 1 300-2900 meters. Erigeron foliosus var. blochmaniae
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly. See Erigeron blochmaniae
Erigeron breweri var. bisanctus Known in California from the White and
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E. Inyo mountains. See ProceedinlJ ofthe Bio­ Erigeron foliosus var. franciscensis
breweri; a common taxon logical Society ofWashington 35:78 ( 1 922) for Considered but rejected : too common
original description, and Brittonia 6(2): 1 87
( 1 947) for taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron breweri Gray var. Erigeron inornatus Gray var.
jacinteus ( Ha l l ) Cronq. calidipetris G. Nesom
Erigeron decumbens N utt. var.
"San Jaci nto Mou ntains daisy" Asteraceae robustior (Cronq.) Cronq. "hot rock daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino "robust daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta,
Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Siskiyou
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation H umboldt, Mendoci no, Trinity
Lower montane coniferous forest (sandy,
2 700-2900 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ volcanic); elevation 1 1 00- 1 905 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms ows and seeps / sometimes serpentinite;
elevation 200-61 0 meters. Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
J u ne-September.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-Ju ly. See Phytologia 72( 3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
See University ofCalifornia Publications in original descri ption.
Botany 1 : 1 27 ( 1 902) for original descrip­ See Madrano 35(2 ) :8 1 -82 ( 1 988) for tax­
tion, and Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208 onomic treatment.
( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment. Erigeron inornatus Gray var. keilii
Erigeron delicatus G. Nesom
Erigeron calvus Cov. See Erigeron cervinus " Keil's daisy" Asteraceae
" bald daisy" Asteraceae List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Erigeron disparipilus Cronq. Fresno, Tu lare
I nyo 308B, 354B, 374D, 375A, 375C, 37SD
"Snake River daisy" Asteraceae
350C List 2 / RED 3-3-1 Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 1 800-2 200
Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 200-1 200 Lassen; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ngton
meters.
meters. 673A, 673B
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-Septem ber.
Perennial herb, blooms May. Great Basin scrub; elevation 2620
See Phytologia 72(3) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
Known only from near Keeler; field sur­ meters.
veys needed. Closely related to E. divergens,
original descri ption.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
and also confused with E. aphanactis var.
aphanactis; detailed study needed. See Pro­ Known i n Cal iforn i a from one small Erigeron inornatus var. reductus
occurrence from Hat Mtn. i n Warner
ceedinlJ ofthe Biological Society ofWashington Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
7:69 ( 1 89 2 ) for original description Mtns.; one plant collected in 1 9 9 3 .

Endangered in Orego n . Not in TheJepson reductus var. reductus; a common taxon

Manual. See Brittonia 6(2 ) : 1 94 ( 1 947)
for origi nal descri ption.
1 54 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Erigeron lobatus Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Considered but rejected : not in Califor­ erous forest, pi nyon and j u n iper wood­ J u ly-September.
nia; m isidentification of E. divergens; a land / rocky; elevation 1 400-2900 I ntergrades with E. reductus. E. petrophilus
common taxon meters. Endangered i n Oregon . See Synoptical
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) : 2 1 5 ( 1 884)
Erigeron mariposanus Congd . See E. eatonii var. nevadincola in TheJepson for original descri ption, and Phytologia
Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biological Soci­ 72(3 ) : 1 5 7-208 ( 1 992) for taxonomic
" Mariposa daisy" Asteraceae ety ofWashington 35:78 ( 1 922) for original treatment.
List 1 A description, and Phytologia 73(3): 1 9 1 -1 92
Mariposa* ( 1 992) for alternate taxonomic treatment. Erigeron sanctarum Wats.
41 9B* "Saint's d aisy" Asteraceae
Cismontane woodland; elevation Erigeron parishii Gray List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
600-800 meters. " Parish's daisy" Asteraceae Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island, San
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa Island
Suspected to have occurred in special ized Federal Threatened Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
habitat. Last seen in 1 900. See Erythea Riverside, San Bernardino coastal scrub; elevation 1 60-3 50 meters.
7: 1 85 ( 1 900) for original description, Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
and Phytologia 72(3) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for 1 03B, 1 03C, 1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 A, 1 3 1 C,
1 3 1 0, 1 32 0 March-July.
taxonomic treatment.
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and Threatened by development. Known from
juniper woodland / usually carbonate; Santa Cruz Island from a si ngle collection
Erigeron miser Gray elevation 800-2000 meters. in 1 965.
"starved d aisy" Asteraceae Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Threatened by carbonate m i n i ng, veh i­ Erigeron serpentinus G. N esom
Nevada, Placer cles, and residential development. See "serpentine daisy" Asteraceae
555A, 555C, 555D Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) : 2 2 1 List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Upper montane coni ferous forest ( 1 884) for original descri ption, a n d Fre­ Sonoma
(rocky); elevation 1 840-2620 meters. montia 1 6( 1 ):20-2 1 ( 1 988) for d iscussion
of mining threats. 5 1 80, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-October. Chaparral (serpentinite, seeps); elevation
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of 60-670 meters.
Arts and Sciences 1 3 :272 ( 1 878) for original Erigeron petrophilus var.
petrophilus Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
description, and Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208
( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment. Considered but rejected: too common Known only from The Cedars and along
Porter Creek. Similar to E. angustatus. See
Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for orig­
Erigeron multiceps Greene Erigeron petrophilus Greene var. i nal descri ption.
" Kern River daisy" Asteraceae sierrensis G. Nesom
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 "northern Sierra d aisy" Asteraceae Erigeron supplex Gray
Fresno, Tul are List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 "supple d aisy" Asteraceae
306B, 306C, 307A, 307B, 307D, 330C, Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Plu mas, List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
3530 Sierra, Yu ba
H u m boldt*, Mendocino, Mari n * ,
Meadows and seeps, upper montane Cismontane woodland, lower montane Sonoma
coniferous forest (openi ngs); elevation coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
485C* , 520B, 520D, 537A, 537B, 537C,
1 500-2500 meters. erous forest / sometimes serpentinite;
5370, 5690
elevation 300-1 980 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ elevation 1 0-50 meters.
J u ne-October.
rences on the Kern Plateau. Possi bly Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
threatened by grazi ng, vehicles, and log­ See Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
ging. Sequioa NF has adopted species original description. Need historical quad for H umboldt Coun­
management gu idelines. Simi lar to E. ty. Threatened by coastal development.
divergens. See Pittonia 2 : 1 67 ( 1 89 1 ) for See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Erigeron petrophilus Green e var. Arts and Sciences 24:83 ( 1 889) for original
original description, and Phytologia
73(3 ) : 1 86-202 ( 1 992) for taxonomic
viscidulus (Gray) G . N esom description, and Madroflo 33( 4 ): 308-309
information. " Klamath daisy" Asteraceae ( 1 986) for distributional i nformation.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
Erigeron nevadincola Blake Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Erigeron uncialis Blake var. uncialis
Oregon " l i m estone d aisy" Asteraceae
"Nevada daisy" Asteraceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous List 2 / RED 3-2-1
List 2 I RED 2-1-1
forest, meadows and seeps, upper mon­ I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
Lassen, Plu mas, Sierra; Nevada tane coniferous forest / sometimes ser­
570A, 586A, 586B, 586D, 602D pentinite; elevation 1 500-2700 meters. 1 3 1 D, 249D, 350D, 369B, 372A
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 55

Great Basin scrub, subal pine coniferous Eriodictyon capitatum Eastw. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October.
forest / carbonate; elevation 2 1 00-2900 Known from fewer than ten occurrences
meters. " Lom poc yerba santa" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
near lone. Threatened by vehicles and
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly. mining. Protected i n part at Apricum Hill
State Rare/Federal Endangered ER ( DFG). See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
Santa Barbara 7( 1 0) :237-238 ( 1 955) for original
Erigeron utahensis Gray
1 45A, 1 45B, 1 68C, 1 70B, 1 71 A, 1 95C description, and Phytologia 66(4):320-
" Utah daisy" Asteraceae 321 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
(maritime) / sandy; elevation 40-900
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, Utah, meters. Eriogonum apricum J .T. Howe l l var.
and elsewhere
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms May-August. prostratum Myatt
1 76A, 225D
Known from only seven occurrences. " I rish H i l l buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Pi nyon and juni per wood land (carbon­ Threatened by non-native plants and List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
ate); elevation 1 500-2320 meters. alteration of fi re regi mes. See Leaflets of
State Endangered/Federal
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne. Western Botany 1 :40-41 ( 1 933) for origi­ Endangered
Known i n Cal ifornia only from the Provi­ nal descri ption.
Amador
dence and New York mountains. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts 494B, 495A
Eriodictyon tomentosum
and Sciences 1 6 :89 ( 1 880) for origi nal Chaparral (openings, lone soil ); elevation
Considered b u t rejected: too common
descri pti o n . 90-1 20 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-Ju ly.
Eriodictyon traskiae ssp. traskiae
Eriochloa aristata Known from only two occurrences near
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
Considered but rejected: not native; I rish Hill and Carbondale Mesa on the
traskiae; a common taxon lone Formation. Threatened by vehicles,
i ntroduced from Arizona
mini ng, and erosion. See Madrano 20(6):
Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. 320 ( 1 970) for original description, and
Eriodictyon altissimum Wells Phytologia 66(4):320-321 ( 1 989) for taxo­
lanatum
" I nd ian Knob m ou ntai nbalm" Considered but rejected: too com mon nomic treatment.
Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Eriogonum arborescens
Eriogonum alpinum Engel m .
State Endangered/Federal Considered but rejected: too common
Endangered "Trin ity buckwheat" Polygonaceae
San Luis Obispo List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Eriogonum argillosum J .T. H owel l
221 B, 247D State Endangered
Siskiyou, Tri nity "clay-loving buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Chaparral (maritime), cismontane wood­
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
land, coastal scru b / sandstone; elevation 683A, 699C, 700D
80-270 meters. Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-June. coniferous forest, upper montane conifer­ Cismontane wood land (serpentinite or
ous forest / serpentinite, rocky; elevation clay); elevation 1 50-800 meters.
Known from six occurrences i n the I rish
H ills and I n dian Knob. Threatened by 21 85-2900 meters. Annual herb, blooms March-June.
u rban ization, energy development, and Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms See Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 76 ( 1 989) for taxo-
veh icles, and possibly by alteration of June-September. nomic treatment.
fire regi mes and non-native plants. See Known from fewer than ten occurrences
Madrano 1 6(6): 1 84- 1 86 ( 1 962) for origi­ in the Mt. Eddy and Cory Pk. areas. See Eriogonum baileyi Wats. var.
nal descri ption . Botanical Gazette 7:6 ( 1 882) for original praebens (Gan d . ) Rev.
description, and Phytologia 66(4):356-357
Eriodictyon angustifolium N utt. ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. "Bailey's woolly buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
"narrow-leaved yerba santa"
Eriogonum ampullaceum I nyo, Lassen, Plumas, Mono, Sierra;
Hydrophyl laceae
Nevada
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Considered but rejected: too common
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Californ ia,
pinyon and juniper woodland / sandy;
Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere Eriogonum apricum j .T. H owel l var. elevation 1 300-2900 meters.
1 76C, 200A, 224C, 225D apricum Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Pi nyon and juniper wood land; elevation "lone buckwheat" Polygonaceae See Taxon 32(2):294 ( 1 983) for revised
1 500-1 900 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 nomenclature, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):381
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-August. State Endangered/Federal ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Known in Cali forn ia only from the New Endangered
York and Granite mountains. Amador Eriogonum beatleyae
494C, 495A Considered but rejected: not in California
Chaparral (openings, lone soil); elevation
60-1 45 meters.
1 56 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Eriogonum bifurcatum Rev. Known from only four occu rrences near 1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B, 1 1 3C, 1 1 4A
Arroyo Seco i n the Santa Lucia Mtns. Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
"forked buckwheat" Polygonaceae Possibly threatened by tram pling. See
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
footh i l l grassland / Conejo volcanic out­
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 9(9- 1 0): 1 53- crops, rocky; elevation 50-580 meters.
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada 1 54 ( 1 961 ) for origi nal descri ption, and
Phytologia 66( 4):328 ( 1 989) for taxo­ Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
2 73 D, 274A, 298A
nomic treatment. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Chenopod scrub (sandy); elevation rences. Threatened by potential develop­
700-8 1 0 meters. ment. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
Annual herb, blooms April-June. Eriogonum caninum Academy ofSciences 23: 1 7 ( 1 924) for origi­
See Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum nal description, and Phytologia 66(4):338-
Known in California from six occur­
rences. Threatened in Nevada. See Aliso 339 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
7(3):357-360 ( 1 97 1 ) for original Eriogonum cithariforme
descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4):363 Considered but rejected: too common Eriogonum dasyanthemum
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum collinum Jones
Eriogonum breedlovei (J .T. Howe l l ) Eriogonum deserticola
" h i l l buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Rev. var. breedlovei Considered but rejected : too common
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
" B reed l ove's buckwheat" Polygonaceae Lassen, Nevada; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Eriogonum diclinum Rev.
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
Kern woodland / vertisol clay; elevation "Jaynes Canyon buckwheat" Polygonaceae
237A, 237B, 260C, 260D 1 300-1 800 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper Ann ual herb, blooms June-Septem ber. Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
montane con iferous forest I often car­ Not in TheJepson Manual. See Contributions
bonate; elevation 1 890-2590 meters. Upper montane coniferous forest (often
to Western Botany 1 1 : 1 5 ( 1 903) for original serpentinite); elevation 1 700-2400
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. description, and Phytologia 66(4):368-369 meters.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-September.
rences in the Piute Mtns. See Mentzelia
1 : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 975) for original description, On watch l ist in Oregon . See Aliso 7(2):
Eriogonum congdonii (S. Stokes) 2 1 8 ( 1 970) for original descri ption, and
and Phytologia 66(4):323 ( 1 989) for taxo­
Rev. Phytologia 66(4):354 ( 1 989) for taxonom­
nomic treatment.
"Congdon's buckwheat" Polygonaceae ic treatment.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Eriogonum breedlovei (J .T. Howell)
Rev. var. shevockii J .T. Howel l Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity Eriogonum eastwoodianum J .T.
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­ H owel l
"The Need les buckwheat" Polygonaceae penti nite); elevation 1 000-2345 meters. " Eastwood's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-August. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tulare
See Aliso 7( 2): 220 ( 1 970) for original Fresno, Monterey
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper description, and Phytologia 66(4):349
montane con iferous forest / granitic, Cismontane woodland (sandy or clay);
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. elevation 500- 1 000 meters.
rocky; elevation 1 6 1 5-2575 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJuly-September. Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
See Mentzelia 1 : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 975 ) for original
Eriogonum contiguum ( Rev. ) Rev. Margi nally distinct from E. temblorense;
description, and Phytologia 66(4):323 " Reveal's buckwheat" Polygonaceae needs study. See Phytologia 66( 4):374-375
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
I nyo, San Bernard ino; Nevada
Eriogonum butterworthianum J .T. 298A, 298C, 323B, 323C, 324A, 324D, Eriogonum elegans
Howe l l 346D, 367C Considered but rejected : too common
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation
"Butterworth 's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
30-1 000 meters. Eriogonum eremicola J .T. H owe l l
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne. & Rev.
State Rare
Need quads for San Bernard i no County. "Wi ldrose Canyon buckwheat"
Monterey See Phytologia 2 3 : 1 75 ( 1 972) for original Polygonaceae
3 1 9B, 3 1 9C description and 66( 4 ):359 ( 1 989) for List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation taxonomic treatment.
I nyo
585-730 meters.
302A, 350B, 350D
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-J uly. Eriogonum crocatum A. Davids.
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland, upper
"Conejo buckwheat" Polygonaceae montane coniferous forest / sandy or
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 gravel ly; elevation 2200-3 1 00 meters.
State Rare Annual herb, blooms June-September.
Ventura
 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 57

Known from only five occurrences. See Eriogonum giganteum Wats. var. See Phytologia 66(4):372 ( 1 989) for taxo­
Phytologia 66( 4 ):365 ( 1 989) for taxonom­ formosum K. Bdg. nomic treatment.
ic treatment.
"San Clemente Island buckwheat"
Polygonaceae Eriogonum gracilipes
Eriogonum ericifolium T. & G var. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Considered but rejected: too common
thornei Rev. & Hendrickson San Clemente I sland
"Thorne's buckwheat" Polygonaceae SCMC, SCMN, SCMS Eriogonum grande var. dunklei
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 See Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Coastal bluff scrub ( rocky); elevation
State Endangered 1 0-455 meters.
San Bernardino Shrub (deciduous), blooms Eriogonum grande Greene var.
2250 March-October. grande
Pinyan and j u n i per woodland (gravel ly); Possibly threatened by Navy activities. "island buckwheat" Polygonaceae
elevation 1 800-1 830 meters. Feral herbivores removed from San List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Clemente Island, and vegetation recov­
eri ng. See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 8-3 1 9 Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Known from only two occu rrences i n ( 1 989) fo r taxonomic treatment. Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island
t h e New York .Mtns. See Madrano 2 3 ( 4 ) : Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
205-209 ( 1 975) for original description, and foothill grassland; elevation 3-460
and Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 1 3 ( 1 9 8 9 ) for tax- Eriogonum giganteum Wats. var. meters.
onomic treatment. giganteum Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
"Santa Catalina Island buckwheat" See Phytologia 66(4):333-334 ( 1 989) for
Eriogonum esmeraldense var. Polygonaceae taxonomic treatment.
esmeraldense List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Considered but rejected : too common Santa Catalina Island
Eriogonum grande Greene var.
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky; elevation rubescens (Greene) M u nz
Eriogonum foliosum Wars. 1 0-535 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms "red-fl owered buckwheat" Polygonaceae
"leafy buckwheat" Polygonaceae List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
March-October.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego; Widely planted on mainland; potentially
causing loss of reproductive isolation Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
Baja California
within the whole of the E. fasciculatum/ ANAC, SCZA, S M I E, SM IW, SRON
20D, 48C, 66B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0 E. giganteum complex. I ntroduced on Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Santa Cruz Island, but removal efforts scrub; elevation 1 0-245 meters.
forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood land / ongoing. Possibly threatened by road
Perennial herb, blooms April-October.
sandy; elevation 1 200-2200 meters. maintenance and development. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts Threatened by feral herbivores, and by cat­
Annual herb, blooms J uly-October.
and Sciences 20:371 ( 1 885) for original tle grazing on Santa Rosa Island. I ncludes
Easily confused with E. davidsonii; possi­ descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4) :295-4 1 4 E. grande var. dunklei. See Pittonia 1 :39
bly overlooked . Most occu rrences not ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. ( 1 887) for original description, and Phy­
seen recently; need field su rveys. See Phy­ tologia 66( 4 ):333-334 ( 1 989) for taxo­
tologia 66( 4):382 ( 1 989) for taxonomic nomic treatment.
treatment. Eriogonum gilmanii S. Stokes
"Gil man's buckwheat" Polygonaceae Eriogonum grande Greene var.
Eriogonum giganteum Wars. var. List 1 B / RED 2-1-3 timorum Rev.
compactum D u n kle I nyo
"San N icolas Island buckwheat"
"Santa Barbara Island buckwheat" 369C, 370A, 390B, 390C, 390D Polygon aceae
Polygonaceae Mojavean desert scrub (gravel ly); List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 elevation 1 220-2225 meters.
State Endangered
State Rare Perennial herb, blooms May-September. San Nicolas Island
Santa Barbara Island See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3 ( 1 ): 1 6 SNIC
SBRA ( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, and Phy­
tologia 66( 4):335 ( 1 989) for taxonomic Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 1 0-2 1 5
Coastal bluff scrub ( usually rocky); meters.
treatment.
elevation 1 0-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-October.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-August.
Eriogonum gossypinum Curran Possibly threatened by Navy activities, ero­
Known from fewer than fi fteen occur­ sion, non-native plants, and hybridization
rences, but popu lation n u m bers are "cottony buckwheat" Polygonaceae with i ntroduced Eriogonum spp. See Aliso
i ncreasi ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Cal­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 7(2):229 ( 1 970) for original description,
ifornia Academy ofSciences 4 1 : 1 30 ( 1 943 ) Fresno, Kings, Kern, San Luis Obispo and Phytologia 66(4):333-334 ( 1 989) for
for original description, and Phytologia taxonomic treatment.
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill grass­
66(4) :3 1 8-3 1 9 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
land / clay; elevation 1 00-550 meters.
treatment.
Annual herb, blooms March-Septem ber.
1 58 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Eriogonum heermannii D u r. & H i lg. Possibly threatened by logging and graz­ Eriogonum kearneyi var. kearneyi
var. floccosum M u nz i ng. Klamath NF has adopted species Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
management guidelines. See Leaflets of
nummulare; a common taxon
"Clark Mou ntain buckwheat" Polygonaceae Western Botany 9: 1 74-1 76 ( 1 961 ) for orig­
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 inal descri ption, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):355
San Bernardino ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Eriogonum kelloggii Gray
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (carbon­ " Kellogg's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
ate); elevation 900-2400 meters. Eriogonum hoffmannii S. Stokes List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Shrub (deciduous), blooms August­ var. hoffmannii State Endangered/Federal
October. Candidate
" Hoffmann's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 4-3 1 6 ( 1 989) for List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Mendocino
taxonomic treatment. 600B, 600C
I nyo
302A, 325B, 325C, 326A, 326D Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky,
Eriogonum heermannii D u r. & H i lg. serpentin ite); elevation 925-1 220 meters.
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
var. occidentale S. Stokes jun iper wood land / rocky; elevation Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
"western Heermann's buckwheat" 1 000-1 700 meters. Known from only five occurrences in the
Polygonaceae Annual herb, bloomsjune-September. Red Mtn. area near Leggett. Potentially
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 threatened by m i ning. Protected in part
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 (3):23
Fresno, Monterey, San Ben ito at Red Mtn. ACEC ( BLM ). See Proceedings
( 1 932) for original descri ption, Madrano
of the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
Cismontane wood land (clay or shale); 22(7):379-380 ( 1 974) for redescription,
8:293 ( 1 870) for original description,
elevation 600-1 000 meters. and Phytologia 66(4):365 ( 1 989) for taxo­
and Phytologia 66(4):351 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms j u ly-October. nomic treatment.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 ( 4 ):30
( 1 932 ) for original descri ption, and Phy­ Eriogonum hoffmannii S. Stokes Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var.
tologia 66(4):3 1 4-3 1 6 ( 1 989) for taxo­ var. robustius S. Stokes alpigenum M . & J .
nomic treatment.
"robust Hoffmann's buckwheat"
"southern alpine buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Eriogonum heracleoides N utt. var. List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernard ino, Ventura
heracleoides I nyo
1 05C, 1 05 0, 1 34C, 1 35 0, 1 90C
"parsni p-flowered buckwheat" 300B, 323C, 324A
Polygonaceae Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation
coniferous forest / granitic, gravel ly;
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 300-1 200 meters.
elevation 2600-3 500 meters.
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Annual herb, blooms August-November.
Washington, Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 3( 1 ) : 1 6
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­ See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, Madrano
erous forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood­ 5 1 :296 ( 1 924) for original descri ption,
22(7):379-380 ( 1 974) for redescri ption,
l and, upper montane coniferous forest / and Phytologia 66(4):3 26-32 7 ( 1 989) for
and Phytologia 66( 4):365 ( 1 989) for taxo­
often rocky; elevation 1 200-2930 meters. taxonomic treatment.
nomic treatment.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-August.
Close to E. umbellatum. See Phytologia Eriogonum hookeri Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var.
66( 4 ):347 ( 1 989) for taxonomic Considered but rejected: too common
austromontanum M . & J .
treatment. "southern mou ntain buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum intrafractum Cov. &
Eriogonum hirtellum J .T. H owel l & List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Mort.
Bacig. Federal Threatened
"jointed buckwheat" Polygonaceae San Bernard i no
" Klamath Mountai n buckwheat" List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Polygonaceae 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26 0, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0,
I nyo 1 3 20
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
323B, 325D, 326A, 368A, 368C, 368D Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­
Del Norte, Siskiyou
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate); ly), pebble ( pavement) plain; elevation
71 9A, 721 A, 7360, 737B, 737C, 738A,
elevation 6 1 0- 1 830 meters. 1 770-2375 meters.
7380
Perennial herb, blooms May-October. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest / See journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci­ Threatened by vehicles, development,
serpentinite; elevation 6 1 0-1 900 meters. ences 26:305 ( 1 936) for original descrip­ grazing, and non-native plants. See Bul­
tion, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):359 ( 1 989) for letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 51 :295
Peren nial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
taxonomic treatment. ( 1 924) for origi nal description, and Phy­
J u ly-September.
tologia 66(4):326-327 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 59

Eriogonum kennedyi var. kennedyi Move to List 1 B? Location information See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 3 ( 1 989) for taxo­
needed, especially quads for Colusa nomic treatment.
Considered but rejected: too common
Cou nty. Not clearly distinguishable from
var. luteolum; E. luteolum is simi lar to E. Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var. gracile to the south, and E. vimineum to the
pinicola Rev. northeast. Threatened by development panamintense S. Stokes
and non-native plants. See Flora Francis­ "Panamint Mou ntains buckwheat"
" Kern buckwheat" Polygon aceae cana, pp. 1 50-1 5 1 ( 1 89 1 ) by E. Greene Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 for original description, and Phytologia List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Kern 66( 4 ):378-3 79 ( 1 989) for alternative
I nyo
2 1 1 B, 2 1 2A( * ? ) treatment which restricts var. caninum to
Alamdea and Marin counties. 302A, 348C, 350B, 3500
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland, subalpine
clay; elevation 1 340-1 950 meters.
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var. 1 900-3250 meters.
Known from only three occurrences from alpinum Rev.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
the Sweet Ridge area. Threatened by " northern l imestone buckwheat" June-October.
wi nd energy development and vehicles. Polygonaceae
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Phytologia 66( 4):326-328 ( 1 989) for List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
See Phytologia 66(4):3 1 3 ( 1 989) for taxo­
taxonomic treatment. Alpine, Mono, Tuolumne nomic treatment.
Alpine dwarf scrub, Great Basin scrub /
Eriogonum kennedyi var. purpusii sometimes rocky or gravel ly; elevation Eriogonum mohavense
Considered but rejected: too common 2500-3300 meters.
Considered but rejected : too common
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Eriogonum latens See Brigham Young University Science Bulletin
1 3( 1 ) : 3 1 ( 1 97 1 ) for original description,
Eriogonum nervulosum (S.
Considered but rejected: too common
and Phytologia 66(4): 3 1 1 -3 1 3 ( 1 989) for Sto kes) Rev.
taxonomic treatment. "Snow Mountain buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Eriogonum libertini Rev.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
" O u bakel l a Mou ntain buckwheat" Eriogonum microthecum var. Colusa, Glenn?, Lake, Napa, Sonoma,
Polygonaceae Yolo
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
corym bosoides
Considered but rejected : too common 5 1 7B, 5 1 9C, 532C, 5320, 533C, 5340,
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Tri nity 548A, 548C, 5640, 56SA
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
forest / serpentinite; elevation Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
300-2 1 OS meters.
1 200-1 720 meters. johnstonii Rev.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August. "J ohnston's buckwheat" Polygonaceae June-September.
See Madrano 28(3 ) : 1 63- 1 66 ( 1 98 1 ) for List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Known from approxi mately twenty
origi nal descri ption, and Phytologia Los Angeles, San Bernardino occurrences. U ndocumented in Glenn
66( 4 ) : 349 ( 1 989) for taxonomic 1 04B, 1 08A, 1 34B, 1 34C Cou nty; need q uads. Threatened by
treatment. energy development, m i n i ng, and vehi­
Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane con iferous forest / rocky; elevation cles. See Phytologia 40:467 ( 1 978) for
Eriogonum luteolum Greene var. 2225-2900 meters. revised nomenclature and 66(4):350
caninum (Greene) Rev. ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Ju ly­
"Tiburon buckwheat" Polygonaceae September.
List 3 / RED ?-2-3 Known from fewer than ten occurrences;
Eriogonum nortonii Greene
Alameda, Colusa, Lake, Marin , Napa, most in designated wilderness areas. "Pin nacles buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Santa Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma* Angeles NF has adopted species manage­ List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
ment guideli nes. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 1 3 Monterey, San Benito
407A, 448C, 465C, 466B, 466C, 467A,
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
467B, 4670, 484B, 484C, 499B, 499C, 341 A, 341 B, 343A, 3430, 363C, 3 64B,
502B* , 5 1 6A, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B( * ? ), 5490 3640, 385C, 3860
Chaparral, coastal prarie, valley and foot­ Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var. Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
hill grassland / serpentin ite; elevation lapidicola Rev. sandy, often on recent burns; elevation
1 0-500 meters. "I nyo Mou ntains buckwheat" Polygonaceae 300-975 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-Septem ber. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Inyo; Nevada Known from approximately twenty occur­
Pinyon and ju niper woodland, subal pine rences. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):376 ( 1 989)
coniferous forest / carbonate, rocky; for taxonomic treatment.
elevation 2600-3 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ly­
September.
1 60 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Eriogonum nudum Benth . var. Perennial herb, blooms June-September. Eriogonum ochrocephalum Wats.
decurrens (S. Stokes) Bowerman This variety is the coastal expression of E. var. alexanderae Rev.
nudum. On review l ist in Oregon . See Phy­
" Ben Lomond buckwheat" Polygonaceae "Alexander's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
tologia 66(3):258 ( 1 989) for original
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 description and 66( 4):329-33 1 ( 1 989) List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Alameda, Santa Cruz for taxonomic treatment. Mono; Nevada
408D, 428C, 446D 470A
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and juniper
montane coniferous forest (maritime regirivum Rev. & J . Stebbins woodland / shale or gravel ly; elevation
ponderosa pine sand h i l ls) / sandy; 1 300-2 1 00 meters.
elevation 50-800 meters. "Kings River buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-October. See Great Basin Naturalist 45:276 ( 1 985)
Fresno
Threatened by development and sand for original description, and Phytologia
m i n ing. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):329-333 355A, 376A, 376D, 377D 66(4 ) : 3 2 1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Cismontane woodland (carbonate, treatment.
rocky); elevation 1 50-300 meters.
Eriogonum nudum Benth . var. Perennial herb, blooms August­ Eriogonum ochrocephalum S.
indictum Ueps.) Rev. November. Watson var. ochrocephalum
Known only from one occurrence in the
"protrud i ng buckwheat" Polygonaceae "ochre-flowered buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Kings River Cyn . ; about 1 000 plants
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 known as of 1 998. See Phytologia 66(3 ): List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Fresno, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San 246-248 ( 1 989) for original description Lassen; Nevada, Oregon
Benito, San Lu is Obispo and 66( 4 ):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxonomic Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
Chaparral, chenopod scrub, cismontane treatment. wood land / volcanic or clay; elevation
woodland / clay, serpenti nite; elevation 1 200-241 0 meters.
1 50-800 meters. Eriogonum nudum var. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Perennial herb, blooms May-December. scap1gerum Known i n California only from Long Val­
Not always d istinct from var. auriculatum Considered but rejected: too common, ley; need quads. Threatened by m i n ing.
in Fresno and San Ben ito counties. See and possibly a synonym of var. deductum; See Botany ofCalifornia 2 :480 ( 1 880) for
Flora ofCalifornia 1 (4):421 ( 1 9 1 4) by W.L. a common taxon original description, and Phytologia 66(4):
Jepson for origi nal description, and Phy­ 321 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
tologia 66( 4 ):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment. Eriogonum nummulare
Considered but rejected: too common Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var.
eximium (Tides . ) J .T. Howell
Eriogonum nudum Benth . var.
Eriogonum nutans "brown-margi ned buckwheat"
murinum Rev. Polygonaceae
See Eriogonum nutans var. nutans
"mouse buckwheat" Polygonaceae List 4 / RED 1 -1-1
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 Alpine, El Dorado; Nevada
Tu lare
Eriogonum nutans var. glabrum
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
Considered but rejected : not native and
332A, 332B, 332D, 354C, 354D coniferous forest / granitic, sandy;
taxonomic problem; occurs in California
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley elevation 1 800-3400 meters.
only as a roadside waif from NV, and is
and foothi l l grassland / sandy; elevation d ubiously disti nct from E. nutans Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
365-1 1 30 meters. lntergrades with var. nivale. See Proceed­
Perennial herb, blooms J une-November. Eriogonum nutans T. & G var. ings ofthe Biological Society of Washington
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ 36 : 1 8 1 ( 1 923) for origi nal descriptio n ,
nutans Mentzelia 1 : 1 9 ( 1 9 76) for revised
rences; some degraded by road improve­
ments along General's Highway. Sequoia­ "nodding buckwheat" Polygonaceae nomenclature, and Phytologia
Kings Canyon NP has adopted species List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 66(4):335-336 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
management gu idelines. See Aliso 7(2): Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon, Utah treatment.
228 ( 1 976) for original description, and 470A, 602A, 602D, 620A, 620B, 620C,
Phytologia 66( 4):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxo­ 620D, 6380 Eriogonum ovalifolium N utt. var.
nomic treatment. vineum (Small) Jeps.
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub /
sandy or gravel ly; elevation 1 220-3000 "Cushen bury buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Eriogonum nudum Benth. var. meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
paralinum Rev. Annual herb, blooms May-October. Federal Endangered
"Del Norte buckwheat" Polygonaceae On review list in Oregon. See Proceedings of San Bernardino
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0, 1 320
Del Norte; Oregon 8 : 1 8 1 ( 1 870) for original description,
Madrano 2 7(3 ): 1 42 ( 1 980) for first Cali­ Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
723B, 723D fornia occurrence, and Phytologia 66(4): desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie; 366 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. land / carbonate; elevation 1 400-2440
elevation 5-80 meters. meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 61

Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August. Eriogonum rosense

Threatened by mi ning and vehicles. See See Phytologia 66(3): 249-250 ( 1 989) for Considered but rejected: too common
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 2S:40-53 original description and 66(4):350
( 1 898) for original description, Fremontia ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
1 6(1 ):20-2 1 ( 1 988) for discussion of min­ Eriogonum rupinum
i ng threats, and Phytologia 66( 4):335-337 Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum prociduum Rev. panamintense; a common taxon
"prostrate buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Eriogonum panamintense var. Llst 1 B / RED 2-2-2 Eriogonum shockleyi Wats. var.
mensicola Lassen, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon shockleyi
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E. 658C, 659A, 675C, 676D, 690B, 690C, "Shockley's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
panamintense; a common taxon 69 1 A, 692A, 692B, 707C, 708C, 708D,
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
725A, 725D
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, and
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and juniper
Eriogonum parvifolium var. woodland, upper montane coniferous
elsewhere
lucid um forest / volcanic; elevation 1 300-2705 Pinyon and juniper wood land (gravel ly,
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E. meters. carbonate); elevation 1 700-2700 meters.
parvifolium; a common taxon Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Threatened by trampl ing. On watch l ist i n Threatened in Idaho. See Phytologia
Eriogonum parvifolium var. paynei Nevada, a n d candidate for state l isting in 66( 4 ) :323-324 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E. Oregon . Protected in part at Ash Val ley treatment.
parvifolium; a common taxon RNA ( BLM ), Lassen County. See Aliso
7(4):41 5-41 9 ( 1 972) for original descrip­ Eriogonum siskiyouense Small
tion, Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5- 1 7 ( 1 988) for
Eriogonum pendulum Wats. "Siskiyou buckwheat" Polygonaceae
brief species account and BLM manage­
"Waldo buckwheat" Polygonaceae ment plans, and Phytologia 66(4):321 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Llst 2 / RED 3-2-1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. Siskiyou, Trin ity
Del Norte; Oregon Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky,
739B, 739C, 740A Eriogonum puberulum Wats. often serpentinite); elevation 970-2 740
meters.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper "downy buckwheat" Polygonaceae
montane con iferous forest / serpentinite; Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-September.
Llst 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
elevation 230-1 000 meters. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
I nyo; Nevada, and elsewhere
Perennial herb, blooms August­ 25:44 ( 1 898) for original descri ption,
369B, 369C and Phytologia 66(4):348 ( 1 989) for taxo­
September.
Pi nyon and juniper woodland (sandy or nomic treatment.
Known in Cal ifornia from approximately
gravelly, carbonate); elevation
ten occurrences. Threatened by m i n i ng.
1 300-2900 meters.
On watch l ist in Oregon . See Phytologia Eriogonum spergulinum var.
66( 4 ):3 1 4 ( 1 989) for taxonomic Annual herb, blooms May-September. pratense
treatment. Known in California from only two occur­ Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
rences in the Cottonwood Mtns. See Phy­ spergulinum; a common taxon
Eriogonum polypodum Small tologia 66( 4 ):383 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
"Tu lare County buckwheat" Polygonaceae Eriogonum strictum Benth . var.
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Eriogonum pyrolifolium Hook. var. greenei (Gray) Rev.
Fresno, Tu lare "Greene's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
pyrolifolium
Subalpine coniferous forest (gran itic, Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
sandy or gravel ly); elevation 2400-3500 "pyrola-leaved buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Colusa, Mendoci no, Siskiyou, Tehama,
meters. Llst 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Tri nity
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Lassen, Shasta, Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon,
Washi ngton , and elsewhere Lower montane coniferous forest ( serpen­
See Phytologia 66( 4):354-355 ( 1 989) for tin ite, rocky); elevation 800-2 1 00 meters.
taxonomic treatment. 624B, 626A, 698C, 71 3C, 7 1 3 D
Perenn ial herb, blooms J uly-September.
Alpine boulder and rock field (sandy or
gravel ly, pum ice); elevation 1 67S-3200 See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Eriogonum prattenianum D u rand meters. Arts and Sciences 1 2 :83 ( 1 870) for original
var. avium Rev. & Shevock description, and Phytologia 40:467 ( 1 978)
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September. for revised nomenclature and 66( 4 ):337-
" Kettle Dome buckwheat" Polygonaceae See E. pyrolifolium in The Jepson Manual. 338 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Llst 4 / RED 1 -2-3 See Phytologia 66( 4):355-356 ( 1 989) for
Fresno, Madera taxonomic treatment.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / granitic or Eriogonum rixfordii
metamorphic; elevation 1 200-2895
Considered b u t rejected: too common
meters.
1 62 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Eriogonum temblorense J .T. Eriogonum twisselmannii U .T. Eriogonum umbellatum var.

Howe l l & Twisse l m a n n H owe l l ) Rev. hausknechtii
"Temblor buckwheat" Polygonaceae "Twissel m a n n 's buckwheat" Polygonaceae Considered but rej ected : not in California
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Monterey, San Lu is Obispo State Rare Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
2 1 7B, 2 1 7D, 243A, 266C, 267B, 269A, Tulare humistratum Rev.
2 9 1 C, 292B, 293B, 3 1 6D 308A, 308D " Mt. Eddy buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Valley and foothi l l grassland (clay or Upper montane coniferous forest List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
sandstone); elevation 300- 1 000 meters. (granitic); elevation 2375-2805 meters. Siskiyou, Tri n ity
Annual herb, blooms May-September. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September. Alpine boulder and rock field, chaparral,
Marginally distinct from E. eastwoodianum; Known only from fewer than fifteen occur­ meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
needs study. Threatened by energy devel­ rences in Sequoia NF. Protected in part at ous forest, upper montane coniferous
opment. See Leaflets of Western Botany Slate Mtn. BA. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany forest / rocky, usually serpentinite;
1 0:45 ( 1 963 ) for original descri ption, 1 0( 1 ): 1 3 ( 1 963) for original description, elevation 1 700-2800 meters.
and Phytologia 66(4):375 ( 1 989) for taxo­ and Phytologia 66(4):352 ( 1 989) for taxo­ Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
nomic treatment. nomic treatment. l ntergrades with var. polyanthum. See Phy­
tologia 66(3 ):260 ( 1 989) for original
Eriogonum ternatum H owe l l Eriogonum umbellatum var. descri ption and 66(4):341 -345 ( 1 989)
"ternate buckwheat" Polygonaceae aureum for taxonomic treatment.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 See Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama; Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
Oregon Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var. juniporinum Rev.
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­ bahiiforme (Torrey & A. Gray) "ju n i per buckwheat" Polygonaceae
pentinite ) ; elevation 305-2225 meters. list 2 / RED 3-1-1
J epson
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. San Bernardino; Nevada
"bay buckwheat" Polygonaceae
See Phytologia 66( 4 ):348-349 ( 1 989) for 1 76A, 200B, 225D, 249C, 250B
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
taxonomic treatment.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn, Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Monterey, juniper woodland; elevation 1 300-2500
Eriogonum tripodum Greene Napa, San Benito, Santa Clara, Siskiyou, meters.
"tripod buckwheat" Polygonaceae San Joaq u i n , Stanislaus Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Cismontane woodland, lower montane Similar to var. subaridum. See Great Basin
Amador, Colusa, El Dorado, Lake, Mari­ coniferous forest / rocky, often serpenti­ Naturalist 45:279 ( 1 985) for original
posa, Napa, Placer, Tehama, Tuolumne n ite; elevation 700-2200 meters. descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4):341 -347
Peren nial herb, blooms July-September. ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / often
serpentin ite; elevation 200-1 600 meters. See Phytologia 66( 4 ): 341 -346 ( 1 989) for
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-July. taxonomic treatment. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
Threatened by m i n i ng. See Pittonia 1 :39 minus jtn.
( 1 887) for original description, and Phy­ Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. "alpine sulfu r-flowered buckwheat"
tologia 66(4):350-3 5 1 ( 1 989) for taxo- glaberrimum (Gand . ) Rev. Polygonaceae
nomic treatment. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
"green buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2 Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Eriogonum truncatum T. & G. Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon Subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
" Mt. Diablo buckwheat" Polygonaceae tane coniferous forest / gravelly;
708A, 71 9D, 724B, 726B
List 1A elevation 1 800-3000 meters.
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
Alameda*, Contra Costa* , Solano* Perennial herb, bloomsJune-September.
erous forest, u pper montane coniferous
445A* , 445B*, 464A* , 464B*, 464C*, forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
48 1 D* , 482A* 1 545-2300 meters. ences 1 7:64 ( 1 9 1 8) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(4):341 -344
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation Known in Cal ifornia only from Sniktaw
1 05-600 meters. Creek (Siskiyou County) and northeast­
Annual herb, blooms April-November. ern Modoc Cou nty (where it is either rare Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Last seen in 1 940. Recent attempts to or undercol lected ). Endangered in Ore­ munz11
rediscover this plant have been u nsuc­ gon. See Taxon 1 7:53 1 -532 ( 1 968) for Considered but rejected : too common
cessfu l . Much habitat elimi nated by graz­ revised nomenclature, and Phytologia
i ng and urbanization. See Proceedings of 66(4):341 -347 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences treatment.
8: 1 73 (1 870) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(4):375-376 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 63

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. Eriophyllum confertiflorum ( DC.) Eriophyllum lanatum ( Pursh)
torreyanum (Gray) J on es Gray var. tanacetiflorum (Greene) Forbes var. obovatum (Greene) Hall
"Donner Pass buckwheat" Polygonaceae J eps. "southern Sierra wool ly su n flower"
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 "tansy-leaved woolly su nflower" Asteraceae Asteraceae
Nevada, Placer, Sierra List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
538B, 539A, 5 55A, 555B, 555D Calaveras, Mariposa Fresno, Kern, San Bernard ino, Tu lare
Meadows and seeps, u pper montane Cismontane woodland, lower montane Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
coniferous forest / volcanic, rocky; coniferous forest; elevation 305-1 340 montane coniferous forest; elevation
elevation 1 855-2620 meters. meters. 1 300-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-September. Shrub, blooms May-J uly. Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-J uly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. See Pittonia 2 : 2 1 ( 1 889) for original Simi lar to var. lanceolatum.
Simi lar to var. glaberrimum. Draft i nterim description, and Manual ofthe Flowering
management guide prepared by USFS i n Plants ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 6 ( 1 925) by W.L. Eriophyllum latilobum Ryd b.
1 993. See Fremontia 1 (3 ) : 2 0 ( 1 973) fo r Jepson for revised nomenclature.
d iscussion o f rediscovery a t type locality, "San M ateo woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
and Phytologia 66( 4):341 -347 ( 1 989) for List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Eriophyllum congdonii Bdg.
taxonomic treatment. State Endangered/Federal
"Congdon's woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae Endangered
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3 San Mateo
Eriogonum vestitum j .T. H owell
t , State Rare 429D * , 448D
" l d ria buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Mariposa Cismontane woodland (serpentinite,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
437C, 438A, 438B, 438D often on roadcuts); elevation 45-1 SO
Fresno, Merced, San Benito
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower meters.
Valley and footh ill grassland; elevation
montane con iferous forest / rocky, meta­ Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
400-900 meters.
morphic; elevation 500-1 900 meters. Known from only one extant occurrence,
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
An nual herb, blooms May-J u ne. which was red iscovered in 1 981 by K.
See Phytologia 66(4):375 ( 1 989) for taxo­ Culligan and M. Showers. Threatened by
Threatened by non-native plants. See
nomic treatment. development, erosion, and road mainte­
Botanical Gazette 27:449-450 ( 1 899) for
original description. nance.
Eriogonum wrightii Benth . var.
olanchense U .T. H owe l l ) Rev. Eriophyllum jepsonii Greene Eriophyllum mohavense Utn . ) Jeps.
"Olancha Peak buckwheat" Polygonaceae "Jepson's wool ly sunfl ower" Asteraceae " Barstow woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 3-1 -3 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Tulare Alameda, Contra Costa, Kern, San Ben i­ San Bernard i no
329D to, Santa Clara, Stan islaus, Ventura 1 8 1 B, 1 82A, 1 83A, 1 83B, 1 84A, 206C,
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine Chaparral, cismontane woodland, 207B, 208B, 208C, 208D, 209A, 209D,
coniferous forest (gravelly or rocky); coastal scrub / sometimes serpentinite; 233C
elevation 3260-3 S35 meters. elevation 200-1 025 meters. Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub,
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September. Perenn ial herb, blooms April-June. playas; elevation 500-960 meters.
Known from only two occurrences on Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Olancha Pk. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany Eriophyllum lanatum ( Pu rsh) Threatened by energy development, road
6 : 1 5 1 ( 1 95 1 ) for original description, Forbes var. hallii Const. improvements, vehicles, and grazi ng. Pro­
and Phytologia 66( 4):324-326 ( 1 989) for tected in part at an ACEC ( BLM ).
taxonomic treatment. "Fort Tejon woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Eriophyllum nevinii Gray
Erioneuron pilosum ( Buckl . ) Nash Kern, Santa Barbara
1 89C, 1 92C, 1 93D " Nevi n 's woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
"hai ry erioneuron" Poaceae List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 1 065-1 500 meters. Santa Barbara Island, San Clemente
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­ Island, Santa Catalina Island
where Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
SBRA, SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTE
226A, 249D, 2 74C, 369C Known from only three occu rrences.
Threatened by grazing and trampling. Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scrub;
Pinyon and juniper woodland ( rocky, elevation 5-41 0 meters.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
sometimes carbonate); elevation Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-August.
1 500-2000 meters.
Botany 1 8 :94-96 ( 1 937) for revised
nomenclature. Feral herbivores removed from San
Perennial herb, blooms May-June. Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
See Americanjournal ofBotany 48:565-573 ing. Populations also appear to be recov­
( 1 96 1 ) for taxonomic treatment. ering on Santa Barbara Island .
1 64 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Eriophyllum nubigenum Green e Almost all collections old; need informa­ 36B, 51 C, 52A, 52D
tion on extant occurrences. Is it extant i n Coastal bl uff scrub, valley and foothill
"Yosem ite woolly su nflower" Asteraceae Santa Clara County? Alameda county. grassland, vernal pools / clay vernally
,
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 occurrence ( 427B) needs confirmation . mesic; elevation 1 5- 1 1 0 meters.
Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne Many historical occurrences extirpated by
agricu lture, urbanization, and overgraz­ Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
43 6B, 437A, 437D, 454C, 456C
ing. See Madrano 30(2):93- 1 0 1 ( 1 983) Threatened by m i l itary activities, hydro­
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous for original description . logical alteration, and non-native plants.
forest, upper montane coniferous forest / Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrono
gravelly; elevation 1 525-2365 meters. 46( 1 ) : 6 1 ( 1 999) for original description.
Annual herb, blooms May-August. Eryngium aristulatum Jeps. var.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
parishii (Coult. & Rose) Math . &
Const. Eryngium pinnatisectum J eps.
rences. See Madrono 29(2 ) : 1 23 ( 1 982) for
i nformation on rediscovery. "Tuolumne button-celery" Apiaceae
"San Diego button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
Amador, Calaveras, Sacramento,
Eriophyllum nubigenum var. State Endangered/Federal
Tuol u m ne
congdonii Endangered
458B, 458C, 458D, 459A, 459B, 475C,
See Eriophyllum congdonii Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
476C, 477D, 493B, 494C, 495A, 51 1 D
7A, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D,
Cismontane woodland , lower montane
Erodium macrophyllum H . & A. 35B, 36A, 36B, 36D, 5 1 C, 68C, 69D
coniferous forest, vernal pools / mesic;
Coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­ elevation 70-9 1 5 meters.
"round-leaved fi laree" Geran iaceae
land , vernal pools / mesic; elevation
List 2 / RED 2-3-1 Annual/perennial herb, blooms
20-620 meters.
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Col usa, June-August.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
Fresno, Glenn, Kings, Kern, Lake, Lassen, Threatened by agriculture. See Madrano
April-J u ne.
Los Angeles, Merced, Monterey, Napa, 1 : 1 05 ( 1 923) for original descri ption.
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Benito, Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San road maintenance, grazing, vehicles, and
Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, foot traffic. See Contributions from the U.S. Eryngium racemosum J eps.
Solano, Sonoma?, Stanislaus. National Herbarium 7:57 ( 1 900) for origi­ " Delta button-celery" Apiaceae
nal description, and American Midland List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
1 0C, 2 1 A, 67C, 68B, 68D, 69B, 85C,
86C, 1 1 2C, 1 62B, 1 68B, 1 69A, 1 90A,
Naturalist 25(2):361 -387 ( 1 941 ) for
State Endangered
revised nomenclature.
1 93 D, 262D, 269A, 29 1 B, 339B, 339C, Merced, San Joaq u i n * , Stanislaus
3 6 1 C, 362C, 363A, 363D, 403B, 424B,
443C, 444B, 445A, 445B, 462C, 463B, Eryngium constancei Sheikh 402A, 402B, 402D, 403A, 423A, 423C,
464A, 464B, 465C, 465D, 481 D, 5 1 4C, 423D, 424A*, 441 D, 443 B*, 443C*,
"Loch Lomond button-celery" Apiaceae 444A* , 461A*, 462D*
532C, 546D, 547D, 577D, 578C
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Riparian scrub (vernally mesic clay
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland / clay; elevation State Endangered/Federal depressions); elevation 3-30 meters.
1 5-1 200 meters. Endangered Annual/perennial herb, blooms
Lake, Sonoma June-August.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
51 7D, 533B, 533C Threatened by agriculture and flood con­
Most collections h istorical; need i nfor­
mation on current d istribution. Does Vernal pools; elevation 460-855 meters. trol activities. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):
plant occur in Sonoma County? Need 659 ( 1 936) by W.L. Jepson for original
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
q uads for Lassen, Monterey, San Mateo, description.
April-J u ne.
Tehama, and Ventura counties. Threat­ Known only from three occurrences.
ened by urbanization and non-native Threatened by development. Occurrence Eryngium spinosepalum Math .
plants. See Boisseira 20: 1 -1 54 ( 1 972) for protected at Loch Lomond ER ( DFG),
taxonomic treatment. "spiny-sepaled button-celery" Apiaceae
but entire watershed not protected; pre­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
viously damaged by dredging of vernal
Fresno, Madera, Stan islaus, Tu lare,
Eryngium aristulatum Jeps. var. lake. See Madrano 30( 2 ) : 93- 1 0 1 ( 1 983)
Tuolumne
hooveri Sheikh for original description.
309A* , 332B, 333A, 333B, 333D, 355B,
" Hoover's button-celery" Apiaceae 356A, 356D, 377B, 378D*, 398C, 399D,
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Eryngium mathiasiae 440B, 459A
Alameda, San Benito( * ? ) , Santa Considered but rejected: too common Valley and foothill grassland, vernal
Clara( *?), San Luis Obispo pools; elevation 1 00-255 meters.
246C, 247D*, 271 D*, 385B( * ? ), 427B, Eryngium pendletonensis K. L. Annual/perennial herb, blooms
428A(*?), 428B(*?) Marsden & M . G . Sim pson April-May.
Vernal pools; elevation 3-45 meters. " Pend leton button-celery" Apiaceae
Ann ual/perennial herb, bloomsJu ly. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Diego
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 65

Known from approximately twenty Erysimum franciscanum G . Rossb. Erysimum menziesii ( H ook. ) Wettst
occurrences. Threatened by develop­ ssp. eurekense R. Price
ment, grazing, and agricu lture. Appar­ "San Francisco wal l flower" Brassicaceae
ently i ntergrades with E. castrense, and List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 " H u m bo ldt Bay wallflower" Brassicaceae
possibly E. vaseyi. Mari n , Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma State Endangered/Federal
Erysimum ammophilum Heller Chaparral, coastal du nes, coastal scrub, Endangered
valley and foothill grassland / often ser­ H u m boldt
"coast wallflower" Brassicaceae pentin ite or granitic; elevation 0-520
list 1 B / RED 2-2-3 654B, 655A, 672B, 672C
meters.
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Santa Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Rosa Island Perennial herb, blooms March-April.
Rare and declin ing in Santa Cruz County.
3 66A, 3 66 D, 387A, 387D, 409D I ncl udes E. franciscanum var. crassifolium. Known only from five occurrences i n the
Chaparral ( m aritime), coastal dunes, I nland plants approach E. capitatum. See Hu mboldt Bay area. Threatened by devel­
coastal scrub / sandy, openi ngs; Aliso 4( 1 ) : 1 1 8- 1 2 1 ( 1 958) for original opment, vehicles, and non-native plants.
elevation 0-60 meters. descri ption. Included in state-listed Endangered E.
menziesii. Protected in part at Manila
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Dunes ACEC (BLM) .
Need quads for Santa Rosa Island . Occur­ Erysimum franciscanum var.

rences from San Diego County previously crassifolium

incl uded in this species are E. capitatum ssp. Erysimum menziesii ( Hook. ) Wettst
See Erysimum franciscanum
capitatum. Threatened by development. ssp. menziesii
"Menzies's wal lflower" Brassicaceae
Erysimum insulare Greene ssp.
Erysimum capitatum ( Douglas) insulare list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Greene ssp. angustatum (Greene) R. State Endangered/Federal
" island wal l flower" Brassicaceae Endangered
Price
list 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Mendoci no, Monterey
"Contra Costa wal lflower" Brassicaceae Anacapa Island , Santa Cruz Island * , San
list 1 B / RED 3-3-3 366C, 553A, 569A, 585D
Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
State Endangered/Federal Coastal d unes; elevation 0-35 meters.
ANAC, SCZB* , S M I E, SM IW, SRON
Endangered Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes;
Contra Costa elevation 0-300 meters. Known from only ten occurrences. Nearly
48 1 0 extirpated on the Monterey Pen insula.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J uly.
Seriously threatened by development,
I n land du nes; elevation 3-20 meters. Last seen on Santa Cruz Island in 1 966. vehicles, and non-native plants.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Known from only three occurrences at Erysimum insulare Greene ssp.
the Antioch Du nes. Seriously th reatened
Erysimum menziesii ( Hook.) Wettst
by min ing, agricultural conversion, non­
suffrutescens (Abrams) R. Price ssp. yadonii R. Price
native plants, and industrial develop­ "suffrutescent wallflower" Brassicaceae "Yadon's wal l flower" Brassicaceae
ment. Recovery work in progress. State list 4 I RED 1 -2-3 list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
and federally l isted as E. capitatum var. Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Luis State Endangered/Federal
angustatum. See Pittonia 3 : 1 32 ( 1 896) for Obispo, Ventura Endangered
original descri ption, and Biological Conser­
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes, Monterey
vation 65:257-278 ( 1 993) for population
biology. coastal scrub; elevation 0-1 50 meters.
366A
Perenn ial herb, blooms Jan uary-J u ly.
Coastal d unes; elevation 0-1 0 meters.
Erysimum capitatum ( Douglas) Threatened by coastal development, vehi­
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
cles, and non-native plants. I ncl udes E.
, Greene ssp. lompocense ( Rossbach)
R. Price
suffrutescens var. grandifolium. Hybridizes
locally with E. capitatum.
Known only from six occu rrences near
Mari na on Monterey Bay. Threatened by
development and sand mi ning. I ncluded
"San Luis Obispo wal l flower" Brassicaceae

!
in state-l isted Endangered E. menziesii.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Erysimum menziesii
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo Considered but rejected: see Erysimum
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy; menziesii sspp. eurekense, menziesii, and Erysimum suffrutescens var.
elevation 60-500 meters. yadonii grandifolium
See Erysimum insulare ssp. suffrutescens

I
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May. See Erysimum menziesii sspp
lntergrades locally with ssp. capitatum and
E. insulare ssp. suffrutescens. Erysimum suffrutescens var.
lompocense
See Erysimum capitatum ssp. lompocense
1 66 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E, A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Erysimum suffrutescens var. Erythronium helenae Appleg. See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
1 : 1 5 1 ( 1 93 0 ) for original descri ption,
suffrutescens "St. Helena fawn lily" Li liaceae and Madrano 3(2) :64 ( 1 935) for taxo­
See Erysimum insulare ssp. suffrutescens List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 nomic treatment.
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Erysimum teretifolium Eastw. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower Erythronium oregonum
"Santa Cruz wallflower" Brassicaceae montane coniferous forest, valley and Considered but rejected : not i n Cal ifornia
foothil l grassland / volcanic or serpenti­
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
nite; elevation 350-1 220 meters.
State Endangered/Federal
Perenn ial herb (bul biferous), blooms Erythronium pluriflorum Shevock,
Endangered Bartel & G. Allen
March-May.
Santa Cruz
Threatened by horticu ltural collecting, "Sh uteye Peak fawn l i ly" Li l iaceae
407C, 408C, 408D road construction, and geothermal devel­ List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous opment. See Contributions from the Dudley Madera
forest / in land marine sands; elevation Herbarium 1 : 1 88 ( 1 933) for original
1 20-6 1 0 meters. description, and Madrano 3(2 ) : 1 09 41 7B, 41 7C, 41 7D
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly. ( 1 935) for taxonomic treatment. Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, u pper montane coniferous
Seriously threatened by development, forest / granitic, rocky; elevation
sand mining, and vandal ism . See Leaflets Erythronium hendersonii Wats. 2300-2550 meters.
of Western Botany 2( 5 ) : 73 ( 1 938) for origi­ " H enderson's fawn l i ly" Li l i aceae
nal descri ption. Perenn ial herb (bul biferous), blooms
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 May-J u ly.
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon Known only from Chiqu ito Ridge and
Erythronium citrinum Wats. var. 68SB, 7 1 8C, 734A, 736C, 736D, 740D Shuteye Pk. in the San Joaqu i n River
citrinum watershed; occurrences h ighly localized.
Lower montane coniferous forest;
"lemon-colored fawn l i ly" Liliaceae elevation 300-1 600 meters. See Madrano 37( 4):261 -273 ( 1 990) for
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 origi nal descri ption.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; April-J uly.
Oregon Forms hybrid swarms with E. citrinum in
Erythronium pusaterii ( M u nz &j .T.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Oregon . See Proceedings ofthe American Howe l l ) Shevock, Bartel & G . Allen
forest / usually serpentin ite; elevation Academy ofArts and Sciences 22:479 ( 1 887) " Kaweah fawn l i ly" Li liaceae
1 50-1 1 30 meters. for original description, and Madrano List 1 8 I RED 3-1-3
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms 3(2):91 ( 1 935) for taxonomic treatment.
Tulare
March-Apri l .
308A, 308D, 331 C
See E. citrinum i n TheJepson Manual. Erythronium howellii Wats.
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
" H owell's fawn l i ly" Li l iaceae ous forest / granitic or metamorphic;
Erythronium citrinum Wats. var. List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2 elevation 2 1 00-2775 meters.
roderickii Shevock & Allen Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
"Scott Mountains fawn li ly" Li l iaceae 670C, 738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 739C, May-J uly.
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 740B, 740D Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Tri nity Lower montane coniferous forest, North Protected in part at Slate Mtn. Baja
Coast coniferous forest / sometimes ser­ California (USFS). See Leaflets of Western
666B, 667A, 683B, 683D Botany 1 0(7): 1 04-1 05 ( 1 964) for original
penti n ite; elevation 200-1 1 45 meters.
Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­ description, and Madrano 37( 4 ):261 -273
pentinite); elevation 900- 1 340 meters. Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
( 1 990) for revised nomenclature.
April-May.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
April-J u ne. Endangered in Oregon. See E. citrinum in
TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Erythronium revolutum S m .
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia American Academy ofArts and Sciences "coast fawn l i ly" Li liaceae
7 1 (2): 1 0 1 -1 03 ( 1 991 ) for original 22 :480 ( 1 887) for original description,
descri ption. List 2 / RED 2-2-1
and Madrano 3(2 ):89 ( 1 93 5 ) for taxo­
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Siski­
nomic treatment.
you, Sonoma; Oregon, Washington, and
Erythronium cliftonii elsewhere
Considered but rejected: not publ ished Erythronium klamathense Appleg. 503A, 551 C, 552A, 568D, 600B, 600C,
" Klamath fawn l i ly" Liliaceae 601 A, 61 6C, 63SA, 653B, 653C, 671 A,
Erythronium grandiflorum ssp. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 671 D, 672C, 688A, 688D, 699B, 739C
pusaterii Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon Bogs and fens, broadleaved u pland for­
See Erythronium pusaterii est, North Coast coniferous forest /
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
mesic, stream banks; elevation 0-1 065
coniferous forest; elevation 1 200-1 850
meters.
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-June.
April-J uly.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 67

On watch l ist i n Oregon , and state­ 1 89B, 2 1 3C, 2 1 4A, 2 1 4D, 2 1 6B, 2 1 6C, Eschscholzia ramosa (Greene)
l isted as Sensitive in Washi ngton . See 2 1 7A, 2 1 7B, 238C, 241 C, 241 D, 242C, Greene
Madrano 3 ( 2 ):93-99 ( 1 93 5 ) for taxo­ 242D, 262D
n omic treatment. "island poppy" Papaveraceae
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l
grassland; elevation 1 60-1 000 meters. List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
Erythronium taylorii Shevock & Santa Barbara Islan d , San Clemente
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Islan d , Santa Catal i na I sland, Santa
Allen Probably threatened by grazing and non­ Cruz Island, San M iguel Island ?, San
" Pi lot Ridge fawn lily" Li l iaceae native plants. See Aliso 4: 90 ( 1 9 58) for Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa Islan d ;
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
origi nal description, and Madrano 33(3 ) : Guadalupe Island ( M exico)
224 ( 1 986) for revised nomenclature.
Tuolumne Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
456C scrub; elevation 0-380 meters.
Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp. Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Lower montane coniferous forest (meta­
morphic, rocky); elevation 1 340-1 400
lemmonii Does plant occur on San Miguel Island?
meters. Considered but rejected: too common See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms ences 1 ( 4): 1 82 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
April-May. Eschscholzia lobbii tion, and Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 3 : 2 1 7 ( 1 886) for revised nomenclature.
Known only from the type locality near Considered but rejected: too common
Pilot Ridge. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 4( 4):360 ( 1 997) for original Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. Eschscholzia rhombipetala Greene
description. "diamond-petaled Cal iforn ia poppy"
minutiflora
Considered but rejected: too common Papaveraceae
Erythronium tuolumnense Appleg. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"Tuolumne fawn l i ly" Li liaceae Alameda, Contra Costa*, Colusa*, San
Eschscholzia minutiflora Wats. ssp. Luis Obispo, Stanislaus*
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 twisselmannii C. Clark & Fau l l
Tuolumne 243 B * , 243C, 244C?* , 424B*, 443C*,
" Red Rock poppy" Papaveraceae 445A, 463C*, 464A* , 48 1 D* , 563D*
457B, 458A, 474B, 474C, 475C, 475D List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Valley and footh i l l grassland (alkaline,
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, Kern clay); elevation 0-975 meters.
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 5 1 0-1 220 234A, 234C, 235A, 235B, 235C, 236D Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
meters. Mojavean desert scrub (volcanic tuff); Rediscovered o n Carrizo Plain by David
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms elevation 680-1 230 meters. Keil in 1 992; not seen in 1 995 su rveys.
March-June. Annual herb, blooms March-May. Also found in at Lawrence Livermore Lab­
oratory, Alameda County in 1 997. H istor­
Threatened by logging, vehicles, horticul­ Known only from the Rand and El Paso
ical occurrence for San Joaquin County
tural collecting, and reforestation with mountains. Threatened by veh icles. See
E. minutiflora in TheJepson Manual. See
from literature lacks documentation;
herbicides. See Contributions from the Dud­ occurrence from La Panza, San Luis Obis­
ley Herbarium 1 : 1 53 ( 1 930) for original Madrano 38( 2 ) : 73-79 ( 1 99 1 ) for origi nal po County (244C) probably misidentified
description, and Madrano 3 ( 2 ) : 68 ( 1 93 5 ) descri ption .
E. lemmonii ssp. lemmonii. Threatened by
for taxonomic treatment. agriculture and grazi ng.
Eschscholzia procera Greene
Eschscholzia covillei " Kernvi lle poppy" Papaveraceae Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii
Considered but rejected : too common; a List 3 / RED ?-?-3 See Coryphantha alversonii
synonym of E. minutiflora ssp. covillei
Kern
2 1 2B, 238A, 260B, 284C Escobaria vivipara var. rosea
Eschscholzia hypecoides Ben th .
Cismontane woodland (sandy flood­ See Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea
"San Benito poppy" Papaveraceae plain); elevation 8 1 0-1 025 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Perennial herb, blooms June-August. Eucnide rupestris ( Bail I . ) Thom ps.
Fresno, I m perial, Mendoci no, Monterey, Move to List 1 B? Needs taxonomic clari­ & Ernst
San Benito, San Lu is Obispo fication. Th reatened by urban ization. See
"rock nettle" Loasaceae
Chaparral , cismontane woodland, valley E. californica in TheJepson Manual.
and foothi l l grassland / serpentinite clay; List 2 / RED 3-2-1
elevation 360-1 500 meters. Imperial, San Diego; Arizona, Baja Cali­
Annual herb, blooms March-June. fornia, Sonora (Mexico)
5B, 6B, 7A, 1 7C, 1 8C, 1 8D
Eschscholzia lemmonii Greene ssp. Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 500-600
meters.
kernensis ( M u nz) C. Clark
Annual herb, blooms December-Apri l .
"Tejon poppy" Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern
1 68 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Eupatorium shastense Shrub (deciduous), blooms June-August. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
See Ageratina shastensis J u ly-September.

Ferocactus acanthodes var. Need historical quads for Kern County.

acanthodes See lntermountain Flora 6:88 ( 1 977) for
Euphorbia arizonica revised nomenclature.
See Chamaesyce arizonica Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of F cylindraceus var. cylindraceus
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Purs.
Euphorbia exstipulata Engel m . var.
exstipulata Ferocactus viridescens (T. & G . ) Fissidentaceae
Britt. & Rose List 2 / RED 3-2-1
" Clark Mou ntain spu rge" Euphorbiaceae Madera, Siskiyou; Washi ngton, and else­
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 "San Diego barrel cactus" Cactaceae
where
San Bernard ino; Arizona, and elsewhere List 2 / RED 1 -3-1
41 7C, 70 1 C
San Diego; Baja California
249D Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 1 B, 2 1 C,
Mojavean desert scrub (rocky); elevation montane coniferous forest / rock, stream
22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 35C, 35D
1 800-2000 meters. channels, waterfal ls; elevation 2000-2200
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and meters.
Annual herb, blooms September.
foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
Known in Cal ifornia only from Clark Moss.
3-450 meters.
Mtn. Threatened by mining. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
1 03:35-38 ( 1 976) for original description.
May-J u n e.
Euphorbia hooveri Seriously threatened by u rbanization,
See Chamaesyce hooveri vehicles, horticultural collecting, agricul­ Fissidens pauperculus H owe
ture, and non-native plants. Fissidentaceae
Euphorbia misera Benth. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
"cl iff spurge" Euphorbiaceae Festuca arizonica Humboldt, Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Considered but rejected: not document­ 467A, 672D, 706A
ed in California North Coast coniferous forest (damp
Orange, Riverside, San Clemente Island,
Santa Catalina Island, San Diego; Baja coastal soi l ) ; elevation 1 0-1 00 meters.
California, Guadalupe Island (Mexico) Festuca californica var. parishii Moss.
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 36A* , 52B, 70C, 71 D, Considered but rejected : too common, Need quads for Monterey and Santa
83A, 83B, SCMC, SCMS, SCTN and possibly a synonym of F californica; a Cruz counties. See Erythea 2 : 9 7- 1 01
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scrub / common taxon ( 1 894) for original description.
rocky; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Shrub, blooms December-August. Festuca minutiflora Ryd b. Forsellesia pungens var. glabra
Threatened by development. "small-flowered fescue" Poaceae See Glossopetalon pungens
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Euphorbia ocellata var. rattanii Mono, Tuolumne; and elsewhere Forsellesia stipulifera
See Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii 453B, 453C, 454A, 488A Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation Glossopetalon spinescens; a common taxon
Euphorbia parishii 3200-4050 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of Peren nial herb, bloom s J u ly. Frankenia palmeri Wars.
Chamaesyce parishii; a com mon taxon Can be confused with F brachyphylla. See " Pal mer's frankenia" Frankeniaceae
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32(1 1 ): List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Euphorbia pediculifera 608 ( 1 905) for original description.
San Diego; Baja Californ ia, Sonora
Considered but rejected : a synonym of ( Mexico)
Chamaesyce pediculifera; a common taxon Fimbristylis spadicea 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22C
See Fimbristylis thermalis Coastal dunes, marshes and swamps
Euphorbia platyspermum (coastal salt), playas; elevation 0-1 0
See Chamaesyce platysperma Fimbristylis thermalis Wars. meters.
"hot springs fi m bristylis" Cyperaceae Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Fendlerella utahensis (Wars. ) Hel ler List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Seriously th reatened by development.
"yerba desierto" Philadelp haceae I nyo, Kern * , Mono, San Bernardi no; Ari­
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 zona, Nevada Frasera neglecta
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, 1 07A, 324A, 346B, 41 3B, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D, See Swertia neglecta
and elsewhere 432C
Lower montane coniferous forest, Meadows and seeps (alkal ine, near hot Frasera puberulenta
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and springs); elevation 1 20- 1 340 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common; a
j u n i per woodland / carbonate; elevation synonym of Swertia puberulenta
1 300-2800 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 69

Frasera tubulosa Shrub (evergreen) , blooms March-June. 2 1 2C, 2 6 1 A, 261 B, 261 C, 261 D, 285A,
Considered but rejected: too common; a Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ 285B, 285C, 285D, 307B, 308A, 308B,
synonym of Swertia tubulosa rences, though only observed at two loca­ 308C, 308D
tions in recent years; fewer than 1 00 Lower montane coniferous forest
plants are estimated to remain as of l 993. (granitic); elevation 1 500-2 1 00 meters.
Frasera umpquaensis Specimens from Kern, Los Angeles, Mon­ Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
See Swertia umpquaensis terey, and Orange counties probably erro­ April-June.
neous. Threatened by urbanization. See
Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Fra.xinus trifoliata 30:484 ( 1 903) for original descri ption.
Considered but rejected: taxonomic
Sciences 1 6:50 ( 1 9 1 7) for original descrip­
tion, and Systematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):3-20
problem
(1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment. Fritillaria eastwoodiae MacFarlane
Fremontodendron californicum " Butte County friti llary" Li l iaceae
Fritillaria affinis var. tristulis List 3 / RED ?-2-3
ssp. napensis
Considered but rejected: not yet pub- Butte, Nevada, Placer, Shasta, Tehama,
Considered but rejected: a synonym of F 1 ished; see F lanceolata var. tristulis Yuba
californicum; a common taxon
See Fritillaria /anceo/ata var. tristulus S41 D, S S7C, 557D, 558B, 558C, 558D,
559A, 5 74B, 574C, 575A, 575B, 5 75D,
Fremontodendron californicum
Fritillaria agrestis Greene 576A, 5 76B, 577A, 591 B, 5 9 1 C, 5 9 1 D,
ssp. obispoense 592A, 592B, 592C, 592D, 626B, 627A,
Considered but rejected : a synonym of F "stin kbells" Lil i aceae 627B, 644C, 645A, 645 B, 645C, 645D
californicum; a common taxon List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern, montane coniferous forest (openings) /
Mendoci no, Monterey, Mariposa, Placer, sometimes serpenti n ite; elevation
Fremontodendron decumbens R.
Sacramento, Santa Barbara, San Benito, 50-1 500 meters.
Lloyd Santa Cruz*, San Lu is Obispo, San
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
" Pi n e H i l l flannelbush" Stercu I iaceae Mateo*, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Ventura
March-May.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­
Move to List 1 B? Plants from Shasta
State Rare/Federal Endangered on and j u n i per woodland, valley and
and Tehama Cou nty may be different
footh i l l grassland / clay, sometimes ser­
El Dorado, Nevada taxon ; needs study. Threatened on pri­
penti n ite; elevation 1 0-1 555 meters.
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 542A vate lands by logging and development.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 5 5 ( 1 9 33)
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / March-J u ne. for origi nal description as F phaeanthera,
gabbroic or serpentinite, rocky; elevation
Threatened by development. and Madrano 25( 2) : 93-1 00 ( 1 978) for
425-760 meters.
revised nomenclature.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Apri l-J u ly.
Fritillaria biflora var. biflora
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences Fritillaria falcata (J eps.) D. E. Beetle
in the Pine Hill area (El Dorado County), Considered but rejected: too common
and one near Grass Val ley (Nevada Coun­ "tal u s friti llary" Li liaceae
ty). Threatened by development and alter­ Fritillaria biflora Li nd i . var. ineziana List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
ation of fire regi mes. Protected in part by Jeps. Alameda, Monterey, San Benito, Santa
Pine H i l l ER ( DFG). See F californicum ssp. Clara, Stanislaus
decumbens in TheJepson Manual; USFWS " H i llsborough chocolate l i ly" Lil i aceae
339B, 339C, 343C, 425B, 426A, 445D
uses this name also. See Brittonia 1 7:382 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
( 1 965) for original descri ption, Fremontia San Mateo Chaparral, cismontane woodland , lower
1 3( 1 ):3-6 ( 1 985) for species account, Sys­ montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
448D often tal us; elevation 300-1 525 meters.
tematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):3-20 ( 1 991 ) for
revised nomenclature and taxonomic Cismontane woodland, valley and Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
treatment, and Madrano 41 ( 4):277-289 footh i l l grassland / serpentin ite; elevation March-May.
( 1 994) for pol li nation biology. 1 50 meters.
Threatened by vehicles. See Flora ofCalifor­
Perennial h erb (bulbiferous), blooms nia 1 (6):309 ( 1 922) by W. L. Jepson for
March-Apri l . original description, and Madrano 7(5):
Fremontodendron mexicanum A.
Davids. Known only from the Hillsborough area. 1 33-1 59 ( 1 944) for revised nomenclature.
See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (6):306-307
"Mexican flannelbush" Sterculiaceae ( 1 922) by W.L. Jepson for original
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 description.
Fritillaria glauca
Considered but rejected: too common
State Rare/Federal Endangered
San Diego; Baja California Fritillaria brandegei Eastw.
l OA, l O B*, l OC, l OD, l l B* , 1 9B
Fritillaria grayana
"Greenhorn fritillary" Li liaceae
See Fritillaria roderickii
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
cismontane woodland / gabbroic, Kern, Tulare
metavolcanic, or serpentin ite; elevation
1 0-490 meters.
1 70 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh. var. Fritillaria pinetorum A. D avi d s . Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
tristulis Grant Plants i ntroduced in Mendocino (5370)
" p i ne fritillary" Liliaceae and Sonoma counties. Threatened by
" Mari n checker l i ly" Li l iaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 road mai ntenance, residential develop­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Alpine?, Fresno, Kern, Los Angeles, ment, and erosion. Taxonomic val idity
Mari n Mono, San Bernardi no, Tu lare, Ventura has been questioned; fu rther study need­
467A, 467B, 484C, 485B, 485C, 485D Chaparral, lower montane coniferous ed . A synonym of F bif/ora var. bif/ora i n
forest, pi nyon and jun iper woodland, TheJepson Manual. USFWS uses t h e name
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie, F grayana. See Four Seasons 2(2): 1 4-1 6
subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
coastal scru b; elevation 1 5-1 SO meters. ( 1 967) for original descri ption.
tane coniferous forest / gran itic or meta­
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms morphic; elevation 1 800-3300 meters.
February-April .
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Fritillaria striata Eastw.
Known from approximately ten occur­ May-Ju ly.
rences. Some occurrences threatened by "striped adobe-li ly" Li l iaceae
Does plant occur in Alpine County? Can List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
grazing, and all by small size. Plants seem
be confused with F atropurpurea. See
not to set seed, but to reproduce by off­ State Threatened
Muhlenbergia 4:67 ( 1 908) for original
sets. See F affinis var. tristulis in TheJepson Kern, Tulare
description.
Manual. See Flora ofCalifornia 1 :( 6)308
( 1 922) by W.L. Jepson for original 2 1 3C, 239A, 261 C, 262B, 262D, 309B*,
309C, 3 1 0A*, 3 1 0D
descri ption. Fritillaria pluriflora Benth.
Cismontane woodland, valley and
"adobe-li ly" Li l i aceae footh ill grassland / usually clay; elevation
Fritillaria liliacea Li n d i . List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 1 35-1 455 meters.
"fragrant friti l lary" Li liaceae Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Solano, Tehama, Yolo February-Apri l .
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey, 497C, 498A* , 498C*, 5 1 5D, 5 1 6A, Threatened b y agricu lture, urbanization,
Mari n , San Benito, Santa Clara, San 531 B, 532A, 532B, 532C, 532D, 547B, grazing, and non-native plants. See Pro­
Francisco, San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma 547C, 547D, 563B, 563C, 563D, 564A, ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences
564D, 576A, 576C*, 5 77A* , 579A, IV 20: 1 36 ( 1 93 1 ) for original description.
366C* , 386B, 406B, 407A, 407B, 427D,
580A, 580D, 593B, 593C* , 593D, 594A,
429A, 429C, 447A, 448C, 448D, 464B,
595D, 596C, 596D, 61 0B, 6 1 2 D
465C, 466A* , 481 D, 484A, 484C, 484D, Fritillaria viridea Kel l .
485A, 485B, 485C, 485D, 498D, 501 A, Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
50 1 B, 501 C*, 502B, 502D* and footh ill grassland / often adobe; "San Ben ito friti l lary" Li liaceae
elevation 60-705 meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Cismontane woodland, coastal prarie,
coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­ Peren nial herb (bul biferous), blooms Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo
land / often serpentinite; elevation 3-41 0 February-Apri l . 246C, 339B, 339C, 339D
meters. Threatened b y grazi ng, vehicles, develop­ Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms ment, mining, and horticultural collecting. 200-1 525 meters.
February-April .
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Threatened by grazi ng, agricu lture, Fritillaria purdyi Eastw. March-May.
u rbanization, and non-native plants.
"Purdy's fritil lary" Li liaceae Needs study; plants from Monterey
Quite variable.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 County may be F ojaiensis. Threatened by
Colusa, Glenn, Hu mboldt, Lake, Mendo­ vehicles and expansion of m i n i ng. See
Fritillaria ojaiensis A. Davids. cino, Napa, Tehama, Tri nity, Yolo; Oregon Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 2:9 ( 1 863) for original description.
"Ojai friti l lary" Li l i aceae Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 montane con iferous forest / serpentinite;
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo?, Ventura elevation 400-2255 meters. Galium ambiguum var. ambiguum
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms Considered but rejected : too common
1 40A, 1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 66D, 1 67C, 1 68C,
1 68D March-June.
Broadleaved u pland forest (mesic), chap­ Endangered i n Oregon. Galium ambiguum var.
arral, lower montane coniferous forest / siskiyouense
rocky; elevation 300-670 meters. Fritillaria roderickii Kn ight Considered but rejected: too common
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
" Roderick's fritillary" Liliaceae
March-May. Galium andrewsii Gray ssp. gatense
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Known from approximately five occur­ ( Dem pster) Dem pster & Steb.
State Endangered
rences. Does plant occur in San Lu is Obis­
po Cou nty? Closely related to F affinis. Mendocino "serpenti ne bedstraw" Rubiaceae
537B*, 537C, 5 5 1 C, 5 5 1 D, 567D, 569A List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie, valley Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Mon­
Fritillaria phaeanthera
and footh ill grassland; elevation 1 5- 1 20 terey, San Benito, Santa Clara, San Luis
See Fritillaria eastwoodiae Obispo
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
March-May. montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
rocky; elevation 1 50-1 450 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 71

Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.

See Brittonia 1 0: 1 86 ( 1 958) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
35-36 (1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

borregoense Dempster
"Borrego bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
San Diego
32B, 32D, 47C
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
3 50-1 250 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms March.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Madrano 21 (2):88 (1 971 ) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
23-24 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium ssp.

foliosum
Considered but rejected: too common

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

gabrielense ( M u nz & J t n . ) Dem pster
& Steb.
"San Antonio Canyon bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernard i no
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / granitic, sandy or rocky; elevation
1 200-2650 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
5 1 :299 ( 1 924) for original description,
Madrano 21 (2):90 ( 1 971 ) for revised
nomenclature, and Flora ofCalifornia
4(2):23-25 (1 979) by L. Dempster for
taxonomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

gracillimum Dem pster & Steb.
"slender bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Riverside, San Bernard i no Fritillaria striata
Joshua tree "woodland", Sonoran desert
scru b / granitic, rocky; elevation
1 30-1 550 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Madrano 21 (2):90 (1 971 ) for original
descri ption, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
23-26 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxo­
nomic treatment.
1 72 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Galium angustifolium Nutt. ssp. 295C, 296A, 296B, 296D, 3 1 9C, 3 1 9D, Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
jacinticum Dem pster & Steb. 320B, 320D, 343C Th reatened by development, vehicles,
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, and recreational activities. See University
"San J acinto Mou ntains bedstraw" ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 46:30
cismontane woodland, lower montane
Rubiaceae ( 1 968) for original description, and Flora
con iferous forest; elevation 400-1 525
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 meters. of California 4( 2):39-40 ( 1 979) by L.
Riverside Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Perennial herb, blooms March­
83C, 84D September.
Lower montane coniferous forest; Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Galium catalinense Gray ssp.
elevation 1 350-2 1 00 meters. See Madrano 1 8( 4 ): 1 07 ( 1 965) for origi­ acrispum Dempster & Steb.
Peren nial herb, bloomsJune-August. nal description, and Flora ofCalifornia "San Clemente Island bedstraw" Rubiaceae
4(2):39-40 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Known only from three occu rrences i n
taxonomic treatment.
t h e Lake Fulmor a n d Black Mtn. area of State Endangered
the San Jacinto Mtns. See Madrano 21 ( 2 ):
San Clemente Island
92 ( 1 971 ) for original descri ption, and Galium californicum H . & A ssp.
Flora ofCalifornia 4(2 ) :23-26 ( 1 979) by L. SCMC, SCMN , SCMS
miguelense (Greene) Dem pster &
Dem pster for taxonomic treatment. Steb. Valley and foothill grassland; elevation
25-275 meters.
"San M iguel Island bedstraw" Rubiaceae Shrub (deciduous), blooms
Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
onycense ( Dem pster) Dempster & March-August.
San Miguel Island , Santa Rosa Island Possi bly threatened by Navy activities.
Steb.
Cismontane woodland; elevation 30-60 Feral herbivores removed from San
"O nyx Peak bedstraw" Rubiaceae meters. Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 Perenn ial herb, blooms March-July. ing. See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Kern Botany 64:1 1 ( 1 973) for original descrip­
Th reatened by feral herbivores and cattle
259A, 259B, 260A, 283D, 284D tion, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):20 ( 1 979)
grazing on Santa Rosa Island . See Pittonia
by L. Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Cismontane woodland, pinyon and 1 :34 ( 1 887) for original description, and
jun iper wood land / granitic, rocky; University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
elevation 860-2300 meters. 46:32 ( 1 968) and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2): Galium catalinense Gray ssp.
39-42 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­ catalinense
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
nomic treatments.
Known only from the Onyx Pk. area. "Santa Catalina Island bedstraw"
See Brittonia 1 0: 1 89 ( 1 958) for origin al Rubiaceae
description, Madrano 21 ( 2 ) : 94 ( 1 971 ) Galium californicum H . & A ssp. List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
for revised nomenclature, and Flora of prim um Dem pster & Steb. Santa Catal ina Island
California 4( 2 ) : 2 6 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster "Cal ifornia bedstraw" Ru biaceae SCTE, SCTN , SCTS, SCTW
for taxonomic treatment.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
Riverside, San Bernard ino 5-300 meters.
Galium buxifolium Green e 66B, 67A, 84D, 1 07D Shrub (deciduous), blooms
" box bedstraw" Rubiaceae Chaparral, lower montane coniferous February-J u ly.
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 forest / gran itic, sandy; elevation Threatened by feral herbivores. See
State Rare/Federal Endangered 1 350-1 700 meters. Synoptical Flora ofNorth America ed . 2,
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. 1 ( 2 ):445 ( 1 88 6 ) for origi nal descrip­
tion , and University ofCalifornia Publica­
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SMIE Known from only three occurrences. See
tions in Botany 64: 1 1 ( 1 973) and Flora of
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­ University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
46:30 ( 1 968) for original descri ption,
California 4(2):20 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
ous forest, coastal scrub / rocky; for taxonomic treatments.
elevation 5-400 meters. and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):39-41 ( 1 979)
by L. Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-J u ly.
Galium clementis Eastw.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by feral herbivores. Galium californicum H. & A ssp. "Santa Lucia bedstraw" Rubiaceae
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ sierrae Dempster & Steb. List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
ences 2 : 1 50 ( 1 886) for original descrip­ "El Dorado bedstraw" Rubiaceae Monterey
tion, and Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2):20-2 1 List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 3 1 9B, 3 1 9C, 343C, 343D, 344A
( 1 979) b y L . Dem pster for taxonomic
State Rare/Federal Endangered Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
treatment.
El Dorado montane coniferous forest / granitic or
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 1 1 30- 1 780
Gali um californicum H . & A ssp. 5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 527D meters.
luciense Dem pster & Steb. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower Perennial herb, blooms May-July.
montane coniferous forest / gabbroic;
"Cone Peak bedstraw" Rubiaceae elevation 1 00-585 meters. See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 :56 ( 1 933)
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. fornia 4( 2):38 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for
Monterey
taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 73

Galium diftonsmithii ( De m pster) Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / Known from only one occu rrence on
Dem pster & Steb. serpentinite; elevation 39S-97S meters. Telescope Pk. in the Panamint Mtns. See
Perennial herb, blooms April-October. Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
"Santa Barbara bedstraw" Rubiaceae S : 1 2 ( 1 9S6) for original description, and
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2 ) : 3 1 -32 ( 1 979) by L.
rences. See Madroiio 1 6( S ): 1 66 ( 1 962) for Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
original description, and Flora ofCalifornia
San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
4(2 ) :3S ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
Cismontane woodland; elevation nomic treatment. Galium jepsonii H i le n d . & H owell
200-1 220 meters.
"Jepson's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. Galium hilendiae Dempster & List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
See Brittonia 1 0: 1 83 ( 1 9S8) for original Ehren d ssp. cameum ( H ilend. & Los Angeles, San Bernardino
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):44
H owe l l ) Dem pster & Eh ren d . Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxonomic
treatment. " Panamint M ou ntai ns bedstraw" montane coniferous forest / granitic,
Rubiaceae rocky or gravel ly; elevation 1 S40-2SOO
meters.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Galium glabrescens ssp. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Inyo
glabrescens July-August.
Considered but rejected : too common 302A, 302D, 348C
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 3S ( 1 934)
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
juniper woodland / gravelly or rocky; fornia 4( 2):22 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for
Galium glabrescens ( Eh rend . ) elevation 1 6S0-3400 meters. taxonomic treatment.
Dem pster & Ehrend ssp. modocense
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Dem pster & Eh ren d .
Known only from the Panam int Mtns. Gali um johnstonii Dem pster & Steb.
" Modoc bedstraw" Rubiaceae See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 36 ( 1 9 34)
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 for original description, Brittonia 1 7: 3 1 1 "Joh nston 's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
Modoc ( 1 963) for revised nomenclature, and List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3

673B, 690B, 690C, 707C, 724A

Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):29 ( 1 979) by L. Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
Dem pster for taxonomic treatment. San Diego?
Great Basin scrub (gravelly or rocky,
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
tal us); elevation 1 SS0-283S meters.
Galium hilendiae Dem pster & forest, pinyon and juniper woodland,
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August. riparian woodland; elevation 1 220-2300
Ehrend ssp. kingstonense
See Brittonia 1 7:333 ( 1 96S) for original meters.
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
( Dem pster) Dem pster & Eh ren d .
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
34-3S ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­ " Ki ngston Mou ntains bedstraw" Rubiaceae
nomic treatment. Does plant occur in San Diego Cou nty?
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2
See Madrofio 21 (2 ):84 ( 1 971 ) for original
San Bernardino; Nevada description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2):
Galium grande McClat. 2SOB, 274C 22-23 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxo­
"San Gabriel bedstraw" Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon nomic treatments.
Ru biaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 and juniper woodland / rocky; elevation
Los Angeles 1 200-2 1 00 meters. Galium munzii H i lend. & Howell
1 09B, 1 1 OA, 1 63 D Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne. " M u nz's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than five List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
cismontane woodland, lower montane occurrences in the Ki ngston Mtns. Poten­ San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, and
coniferous forest; elevation 42S-1 SOO tial ly th reatened by min ing. Threatened elsewhere
meters. in Nevada. See Brittonia 1 0: 1 90 ( 1 9S8)
for original description, and Flora ofCali­ Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
Shrub (deciduous), blooms January-J u ly. fornia 4( 2 ) : 29 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for erous forest, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. taxonomic treatment. land, upper montane coniferous forest;
See Erythea 2: 1 24 ( 1 894) for original elevation 1 1 00-22SO meters.
descri ption, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):47 Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxonomic
Galium hypotrichium Gray ssp.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 1 3 S ( 1 934)
treatment. tomentellum Ehrend. for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
"Telescope Peak bedstraw" Ru biaceae fornia 4( 2) :30-3 1 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
Galium hardhamiae Dem pster List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 for taxonomic treatment.
" Hardham's bedstraw" Inyo
Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 302A
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo Subal pine coniferous forest (talus);
elevation 3300-3550 meters.
270C, 2 7 1 A, 271 B, 29SC, 296A, 296B,
296C, 296D Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
1 74 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Gal i u m nuttallii G ray ssp. insulare Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and juniper Gentiana affinis Griseb var.
Ferris woodland, subalpine coniferous forest / parvidentata Kusnez.
rocky, tal us; elevation 1 450-2750
"N uttal l's island bedstraw" Rubiaceae meters. "small-toothed prairie gentian"
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Gentianaceae
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, J u ne-J u ly. List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Santa Rosa Island Modoc; Idaho, Oregon , and elsewhere
Known in Cal ifornia from only twelve
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, occurrences in the Warner Mtns. Endan­ Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous gered in Oregon . See Brittonia 1 7:325 erous forest; elevation 1 220-1 830 meters.
forest; elevation 3-440 meters. ( 1 965) for original descri ption, and Flora Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne. ofCalifornia 4(2):33-34 ( 1 979) by L. Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium endangerment information needed.
4:338 ( 1 95 5 ) for original descri ption, Searches of major herbaria in 1 992 fai led
and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):43-44 ( 1 979) Galium wrightii Gray to identify confirmed California localities.
by L. Dempster for taxonomic treatment. See G. affinis var. ovata in TheJepson Manual.
"Wright's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Galium oreganum Britt. San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Californ ia, Gentiana aquatica
"Oregon bedstraw" Rubiaceae New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas, See Gentiana fremontii
List 3 / RED 3-?-1 and elsewhere
Del Norte?, Siskiyou?; Oregon , Washi ng­ 249 D Gentiana bisetaea
ton, and elsewhere Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon See Gentiana setigera
738A? and jun iper woodland / carbonate,
rocky; elevation 1 600-2000 meters.
Lower montane con iferous forest, North Gentiana fremontii Torr.
Coast coni ferous forest; elevation 1 500 Perennial herb, blooms June-October.
"moss gentian" Gentianaceae
meters. Known in Cal ifornia from only three
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms occurrences near Clark Mtn. See Flora of
California 4( 2 ) : 2 1 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster San Bernardino; Oregon , and elsewhere
May-September.
for taxonomic treatment. 1 05A, 1 05D
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
endangerment information needed. Meadows and seeps (mesic), upper mon­
Apparently known i n Cal iforn ia from only Galvezia speciosa ( N utt . ) Gray tane coniferous forest; elevation
a si ngle 1 95 1 collection from Siskiyou 2400-2700 meters.
" island snapdrago n " Scro p h u l ariaceae
County, near the Del Norte County l ine. Annual herb, bloom s J u n e-August.
Common in Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Not G. aquatica, previously misapplied to
Torrey Botanical Club 2 1 : 3 1 ( 1 894) for Santa Barbara Island* , San Clemente
Island, Santa Catalina Island; Guadal upe
G. fremontii.
original description, and Flora ofCalifornia
4( 2): 1 6-1 7 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for Island ( Mexico)
taxonomic treatment. SBRA*, SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTE, Gentiana newberryi
SCTN Considered but rejected: too common
Galium serpenticum Dem pster ssp. Coastal scru b / rocky; elevation 0-900
scotticum Dem pster & Eh ren d . meters. Gentiana plurisetosa C. Mason
Shrub, blooms February-May. " Klamath gentian" Gentianaceae
"Scott Mou ntain bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Collected only once ( 1 863) on Santa Bar­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
bara Island . Feral h erbivores removed Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trin ity;
Siskiyou, Trin ity
from San Clemente Island, and vegeta­ Oregon
683B, 684A, 684B, 699C, 700A, 700B, tion recovering. See Madrano 2 1 (5 ):380
700C, 70 1 B, 70 1 C, 701 D, 71 7B ( 1 972) for distributional information. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­ ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
pentin ite); elevation 1 000-2075 meters. ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 200- 1 900
Gaura coccinea meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Considered but rejected: too common Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
Threatened by loggi ng. See Brittonia
1 7:326 ( 1 965) for original description, Endangered in Oregon. See Madrano
and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):33-34 ( 1 979)
Gentiana affinis var. affinis 37( 4):289-292 ( 1 990) for original
by L. Dem pster for taxonomic treatment. Considered but rejected: not i n Califor­ description, and 36( 1 ) :49-50 ( 1 989) for
nia; name apparently m isapplied to G. revised nomenclature of formerly con­
affinis var. ovata; a common taxon fused G. setigera.
Galium serpenticum Dem pster ssp.
warnerense Dem pster & Ehre n d . Gentiana prostrata Haenke
"Warner Mountains bedstraw" Rubiaceae "pygmy gentian" Gentianaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 List 2 / RED 2 - 1 - 1
Modoc; Oregon Inyo?, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
724B, 725A Utah, a n d elsewhere
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N O E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 75

43 1 C Geum aleppicum j acq. 537B, 552B, 553A, 567A, 569A, 569D,

Alpine boulder and rock field , meadows 601 B, 6 1 7C, 635A, 637B, 653B, 654C,
"Aleppo avens" Rosaceae 672C, 689C, 689D, 723B, 739C, 740C
and seeps ( mesic); elevation 3500-3800
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
meters. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon, and elevation 5-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. elsewhere
Does plant occur in I nyo County? Endan­ Annual herb, blooms May-August.
622B, 639B, 640A, 677B, 698B, 698C,
gered i n Oregon . 699D Threatened by development and recre­
ational activities. See Aliso 2(3 ):305
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ ( 1 950) for original description.
Gentiana setigera Gray erous forest, meadows and seeps;
"Mendocino gentian" Gentianaceae elevation 450-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Gilia capitata Sims ssp. tomentosa
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
( Bran d ) V. Grant
Del Norte, Mendocino; Oregon
600B, 739B, 739C, 740A G ilia aliquanta ssp. aliquanta "wool ly-headed gilia" Polemon iaceae
Considered but rejected : too common List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation Mari n, Sonoma( * ? )
490- 1 065 meters. Gilia aliquanta ssp. breviloba 467A*, 467B*, 485A, 485B, 485 D*,
Perennial herb, blooms August­ 502B*, 502C*, 503B*, 503 D*, 5 1 9C*,
Considered but rejected: too com mon
September. 520B*, 520D( * ? )

Threatened by mining activities and wet­ Coastal bluff scrub ( rocky, outcrops);
Gilia australis elevation 1 5- 1 55 meters.
land alteration. Candidate for state list­
i ng in Oregon . See Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ):49-50 Considered but rejected: too com mon Annual herb, blooms May-July.
( 1 989) for revised nomenclature. Known from only three occurrences near
Gilia campanulata Tamales and Salt Pt. SP. Threatened by
Gentiana tenella Considered but rejected: too common urban ization, road maintenance, and
erosion. l ntergrades with ssp. capitata i n
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
northeastern San Francisco Bay area.
Gentianella tenella ssp. tenella; a com mon Gilia cana ssp. bernardina See Aliso 2(3):304 ( 1 950) for revised
taxon Considered but rejected: too common nomenclature.

Geothallus tuberosus Cam p b. Gilia cana ssp. cana Gilia caruifolia Abrams
Sphaerocarpaceae Considered but rejected: too common
"caraway-leaved gi lia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Riverside, San Diego Gilia cana ssp. speciosa Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
1 1 B, 22A, 22B Considered but rejected: too common
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Coastal scrub (mesic), vernal pools / soi l ; forest / sandy, openi ngs; elevation
elevation 1 0-600 meters. Gilia capitata Sims. ssp. 1 400-2300 meters.
Liverwort (ephemeral). chamissonis (Greene) V. Grant Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Recently reported at Camp Pend leton; "dune gi lia" Polemoniaceae See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
probably extirpated elsewhere i n urban­ 32:540 ( 1 905) for original description,
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
ized San Diego County. Most su itable and Aliso 3 ( 1 ):87 ( 1 954) for taxonomic
historic habitat lost to u rbanization. Mari n , San Francisco, Sonoma
treatment.
Need quads for Riverside County. Mono­ 448 B, 466C, 466D, 467B, 467D, 485B,
typic genus. See Botanical Gazette 21 : 1 3 485C, 485D, 502C, 503B, 503D
( 1 896) for original descri ption. Coastal du nes, coastal scrub; elevation
Gilia hutchinsifolia
2-200 meters. Considered but rejected : too common
Geraea viscida (Gray) Blake Annual herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
"sticky geraea" Threatened by urbanization, recreational Gilia interior ( Mason & A. Grant) A.
Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 development, and non-native plants, and Grant
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California possibly threatened by trampling. See "i nland gilia" Polemoniaceae
Erythea 3 : 1 05 ( 1 895) for original descrip­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 9C, 9D, 1 9A, tion, and Aliso 2(3 ):309 ( 1 950) for
1 9D, 20C Kern, Tulare
revised nomenclature.
Chaparral (often in disturbed areas); Cismontane woodland , J oshua tree
elevation 450- 1 700 meters. "woodland", lower montane coniferous
Gilia capitata Uones) Hel ler ssp. forest / rocky; elevation 700-1 700
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une. pacifica Sims. meters.
" Pacific gil ia " Polemon iaceae Annual herb, blooms March-May.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 See Madroiio 9(7): 2 1 7 ( 1 948) for origi­
Del Norte, H u mboldt, Mendocino; nal descri ption , and Natural History ofthe
Oregon Phlox Family 1 :80 ( 1 95 9 ) for revised
nomenclature.
1 76 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A NTS

Gilia inyoensis Threatened by development, vehicles, Cismontane woodland, valley and

Considered but rejected: too common foot traffic, grazing, and non-native footh i l l grassland / sandy; elevation
plants. Endangered in Oregon . See Aliso 390-900 meters.
3 ( 1 ):33 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment. Annual herb, blooms March-April.
Gilia latiflora (Gray) Gray ssp.
See Aliso 3(3):246 ( 1 956) for original
cuyamensis A. & V. Grant Gilia nevinii Gray description.
"Cuyama gilia" Polemon iaceae Polemon iaceae
"Nevi n 's gi lia"
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp. arenaria
Kern, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Anacapa Island , Santa Barbara Island, ( Be nth . ) A. & V. Grant
Luis Obispo?, Ventura San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Pinyan and j u n i per woodland (sandy); "sand gilia" Polemon iaceae
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Nicolas
elevation 600-2000 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Island *, Santa Rosa Island; Guadalupe
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. Island (Mexico) State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Does this plant occur i n San Lu is Obispo Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
County? See Aliso 3(3) :270 ( 1 956) for and foothill grassland; elevation 5-400 Monterey
original description. meters. 365B, 365C, 366A, 366C, 366D, 387D
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne. Chaparral (maritime), cismontane wood­
Gilia latiflora ssp. elongata Last seen on San Nicolas Island i n 1 901 . land, coastal dunes, coastal scru b /
Extremely rare on northern Channel sandy, openings; elevation 0-45 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common
Islands; more widespread on southern Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Channel Islands. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Gilia leptantha Parish ssp.
rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
leptantha Gilia ripleyi Barneby ment, sand mining, vehicles, recreational
"San Bernard i n o gilia" Po lemon iaceae activities, and non-native plants. Inter­
"Ripley's gi l ia" Polemoniaceae grades with ssp. tenuiflora near the Sal inas
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 River mouth. See Aliso 3(3):246 ( 1 956)
San Bernardino
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada for revised nomenclature.
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 05 D
256B, 300B, 302D, 323A, 325B, 325D,
Lower montane con iferous forest (sandy 349C, 368D, 372C, 372D, 390B, 41 1 D
or gravel ly); elevation 1 500-2350 meters.
Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp.
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate); hoffmannii ( Eastw. ) A. & V. Grant
An nual herb, blooms June-August. elevation 305-1 770 meters.
Known only from the San Bernardino " Hoffman n's slender-flowered gilia"
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ne. Polemoniaceae
Mtns. See Zoe5(5):74 ( 1 900) for original
Easily confused with G. latifolia. See List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
description, and Aliso 3(3) :234-237
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3: 1 29 ( 1 942) for
( 1 956) for taxonomic treatment. Federal Endangered
original description.
Santa Rosa Island
Gilia leptantha Parish ssp. Gilia sinistra jones ssp. SROE, SRON
pinetorum A. & V. Grant pinnatisecta ( Mason & A. Grant) Coastal dunes, coastal scrub; elevation
Polemon iaceae 1 0-30 meters.
"pine gilia" Day
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Annual herb, blooms April-May.
"pin nate-leaved gilia" Po lemon iaceae
Kern, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Known from only three occurrences at
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 East Pt., Skunk Pt., and near Carrington
Ventura
Glenn, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Pt. Threatened by grazing and trampling,
Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky Napa, Tehama, Trin ity
or sandy); elevation 1 500-2800 meters. although much of East Pt. site is fenced
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous (NPS). See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2:283
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. forest / serpentinite or volcanic; elevation ( 1 940) for original description, and Aliso
See Aliso 3(3):239 ( 1 956) for original 300-2200 meters. 3(3):247 ( 1 956) for revised nomenclature.
description. Annual herb, blooms June-August.
See Madrano 9(7):220 ( 1 948) for original Gilia yorkii Shevock & A. G. Day
Gilia maculata description, and Navan 3:332 ( 1 993) for " Monarch gilia" Polemoniaceae
See Linanthus maculatus revised nomenclature. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno
Gilia millefoliata F. & M . Gilia splendens ssp. grantii 375D
"dark-eyed gilia" Polemon iaceae Considered but rejected: too common
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 carbonate outcrops; elevation
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp. 1 290- 1 830 meters.
Mari n, San Francisco*, Sonoma; Oregon amplifaucalis A. & V. Grant Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
466C* , 485B, 485C, 503D, 568B, 569A, "tru m pet-throated gilia" Polemoniaceae Known only from near Boyden Cave in
585D, 672C, 689D, 723B, 740B, 740C List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Kings River Cyn. Not in TheJepson Manual.
Coastal du nes; elevation 2-20 meters. Monterey, San Lu is Obispo See Madrano 45(2): 1 3 7 ( 1 998) for origi­
Annual herb, blooms April-Ju ly. nal description.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 77

Gil mania luteola ( Cov. ) Cov. See Systematic Botany 8( 4 ):456 ( 1 983) for Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
original description. J u ne-August.
"golden carpet" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo Githopsis tenella N. Mori n Glyptopleura marginata
"del icate bl uecup" Campanu laceae Considered but rejected : too common
324A, 324D, 346C
List 1 8 I RED 2-1 -3
Chenopod scrub (alkaline barrens);
elevation 1 5-500 meters. Kern, Monterey?, Tu lare Glyptopleura setulosa
2 1 3C, 261 A, 285C Considered but rejected: too common
Annual herb, blooms March-April.
Known from approximately five occur­ Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
rences in Death Valley N M . See Contribu­ mesic; elevation 1 1 00-1 900 meters. Goodmania luteola ( Parry) Rev. &
tions from the U.S. National Herbarium 4: 1 90 Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. B. Ertter
( 1 893) for original description, Fremontia Possibly also in the Cholame Hills, Mon­ "golden good man ia" Polygon aceae
1 1 ( 4 ):25-26 ( 1 984) for species account, terey Cou nty; need confirmation. See Sys­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
and Phytologia 66(3 ) :243-244 ( 1 989) for tematic Botany 8(4 ) :465 ( 1 983) for origi nal
taxonomic treatment. Fresno, I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Madera,
description. Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
Githopsis diffusa ssp. candida Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and
Glehnia littoralis (Gray) Miq ssp. seeps, playas, valley and footh i l l grass­
Considered but rejected: Probably a syn­ leiocarpa ( M ath . ) H u lt. land / alkaline or clay; elevation 20-2200
onym of G. diffusa; a common taxon meters.
"American gleh n ia" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Githopsis diffusa Gray ssp. filicaulis Possibly threatened by groundwater low­
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­
( Ewan ) N. Mori n gon , Washington, and elsewhere ering and tram pling by cattle. See Bulletin
"Mission Canyon bluecu p" Campanu laceae Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-20 meters.
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 0 :23 ( 1 883) for
List 3 / RED ?-3-3 original description, Brittonia 28:427-429
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. ( 1 976) for revised nomenclature, and Phy­
Riverside, San Diego
Threatened by non-native plants and vehi­ tologia 66( 4 ):389 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
20B*, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 D* , 22D, 67C cles. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Gar­ treatment.
Chaparral (mesic, distu rbed areas); den 1 5:95 ( 1 928) for origi nal description,
elevation 450-700 meters. and Flora ofAlasko and Yukon 7: 1 1 80 ( 1 947) Gratiola heterosepala Mason &
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. for revised nomenclature.
Bacig.
Move to List 1 B? Known i n California
Glossopetalon pungens Bdg. " Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop"
from fewer than five occurrences. Threat­
Seraph u lariaceae
ened by development. Taxonomic distinc­ "pu ngent glossopetalon"
tiveness needs study. See Rhodora 41 :3 1 2 List 1 8 I RED 1 -2-2
Crossosomataceae
( 1 939) for original descri ption, and Sys­ State Endangered
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
tematic Botany 8( 4 ):465 ( 1 983) for taxo­ Fresno, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Merced,
nomic treatment. San Bernard ino; Nevada Modoc, Placer, Sacramento, Shasta, Sis­
249D kiyou, San Joaq u i n , Solano, Tehama;
Githopsis filicaulis Chaparral, pi nyon and juniper woodland / Oregon
carbonate; elevation 1 675-2000 meters. 398A, 398D, 42 1 A, 495B, 495 D, 496A,
See Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J une. 498D, 5 1 1 C, 5 1 2 B * , 5 1 2 D, 527C, 528A,
528D, 533D, 534A, 593B, 594B, 628A,
Githopsis latifolia Known in Californ ia from only one occur­
628B, 628C, 628D, 639B, 643A, 643 B,
rence in Forsel lesia Cyn . in the Clark
Considered but rejected : not native and 659C, 6 6 1 A, 66 1 C, 678B, 678D, 690C,
Mtns. On watch l ist in Nevada. See Aliso
not naturalized in Californ ia; a synonym 693B, 709A, 709B, 709C, 709D, 7 1 0B,
9: 1 71 -1 78 ( 1 978) for discussion of trans­
of Legousia speculum-veneris 7 1 0C, 7 1 1 B, 7 1 1 C, 71 1 D, 71 3 D, 726C,
fer to Crossosomataceae. USFWS uses
72 7C, 727D
the name G. pungens var. glabra. See Ameri­
Githopsis pulchella can Midland Naturalist 27(2):503-504 Marshes and swamps ( lake margins), ver­
Considered but rejected: too common ( 1 942 ) for original descri ption. nal pools / clay; elevation 1 0-2375
meters.
Glyceria grandis Wats. Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August.
Githopsis pulchella Vatke ssp.
Threatened by agriculture, development,
serpentinicola N. Mori n "American manna grass" Poaceae grazing, trampling, and vehicles. Known
"serpentine bl u ecup" Campan ulaceae List 2 / RED 3-1-1 from one occurrence in Oregon, where
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Mono, Placer; state listed as Threatened. USFS and BLM
Amador, El Dorado, Mariposa, Stanis­ and elsewhere have completed a draft conservation strat­
laus, Tuolumne 470B, 487C, 505D, 537B, 538B, 671 D egy. Lassen NF has adopted species man­
agement guidelines. See Madrano 1 2( 5):
Cismontane wood land (serpentinite or Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
1 50-1 52 ( 1 954) for original description.
lone); elevation 320-6 1 0 meters. marshes and swamps (stream ban ks and
Annual herb, blooms May-June. lake margins); elevation 1 5-1 980 meters.
1 78 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Grindelia camporum var. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley Hackelia bella
and foot h i l l grassland / sandy or serpen­
parviflora Considered but rejected: too common
tinite; elevation 1 5-400 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of G.
camporum var. camporum; a common Perenn ial herb, blooms
August-September.
Hackelia brevicula U eps. ) Gentry
taxon
Threatened by coastal development and " Poison Canyon stickseed" Boraginaceae
non-native plants. Can be d ifficult to iden­ List 3 / RED ?-1 -3
Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Rev. & tify. See Pittonia 2:289 ( 1 892) for original I nyo, Mono; Nevada?
Beatley description, and Novon 2(3):21 5-2 1 7 41 2A, 41 2B, 431 C, 43 1 D
"Ash Meadows gum plant" Asteraceae ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Broadleaved u pland forest, Great Basin
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 scrub, subalpine coniferous forest;
Federal Threatened Grindelia latifolia ssp. latifolia elevation 2600-3200 meters.
I nyo; Nevada Considered but rejected: a hybrid and Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
322C, 322D synonym of G. stricta var. platyphylla and
Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
G. camporum var. camporum; common taxa
Meadows and seeps ( mesic clay); ten occurrences in the White Mtns. Need
elevation 635-700 meters. field su rveys. Does plant occur in Neva­
Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
Grindelia maritima da? Similar to H. floribunda. See Southwest­
See Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima ern Naturalist 1 9(2): 1 39-1 46 ( 1 974) for
Known i n California from only two extant revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe
occu rrences in Carson Slough in the New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ):205-206
Amargosa Desert. Threatened by water Grindelia paludosa ( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
d iversion, habitat alteration, and non­ Considered but rejected: a hybrid
native plants. State-listed as Critically between G. stricta var. angustifolia and G.
Endangered in Nevada. See Bulletin ofthe camporum var. camporum Hackelia cusickii ( Pi per) Brand
Torrey Botanical Club 98:332 ( 1 971 ) for "Cusick's stickseed" Boraginaceae
original descri ption. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Grindelia stricta ssp. blakei
Considered but rejected: a synonym of G. Lassen , Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Neva­
Grindelia hallii stricta var. stricta; a common taxon da, Oregon
See Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii Alpine bou lder and rock field , pinyon and
ju n iper wood land ( rocky loam), sub­
Grindelia stricta var. angustifolia alpine coniferous forest; elevation
Grindelia hirsutula H . & A var. hallii Considered but rejected: too common 1 200-2000 meters.
(Steyerm . ) M .A. Lan e
Peren nial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
"San Diego g u m plant" Asteraceae Gutierrezia californica Possibly threatened by grazing. See Mem­
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3 Considered but rejected: too common oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
San Diego 26( 1 ):203-204 ( 1 976) for taxonomic
9B?, 1 OD?, 1 9 B, 1 9C, 20A, 20D, 22B, Gymnosteris nudicaulis treatment.
33B, 33C, 33D Considered but rejected: not in Cal ifornia
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous Hackelia longituba
forest, meadows and seeps, valley and Considered but rejected: a synonym of H.
foothill grassland; elevation 1 85-1 745 Habenaria elegans var. maritima
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
velutina; a common taxon
meters.
Piperia elegans; a common taxon
Perennial herb, blooms July-October.
Hackelia mundula
Threatened by grazing and road mainte­ Considered but rejected: too common
nance. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Hackelia amethystina j .T. Howe l l
Garden 2 1 :229 ( 1 934) for origi nal "amethyst stickseed" Boraginaceae
description, and Novon 2(3 ) : 2 1 5-2 1 7 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Hackelia sharsmithii Jtn.
( 1 992) fo r revised nomenclature. "Sharsmith's stickseed" Boraginaceae
Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Plumas,
Tehama, Tri nity List 2 / RED 2-1 -2
Grindelia hirsutula H. & A var. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Fresno, I nyo, Tulare; Nevada
maritima (Greene) M .A. Lan e ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ 329A, 329B, 329D, 330A, 352A, 352D,
"San Francisco gu mplant" Asteraceae ous forest / openi ngs, disturbed areas; 373B, 373C, 373 D
elevation 1 500-2 1 30 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Alpine bou lder and rock field, subalpine
Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz, San Fran­ Peren nial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly. coniferous forest / granitic, rocky;
cisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo See Leaflets of Western Botany 3 : 1 25 ( 1 942) elevation 3000-3700 meters.
271 D, 272A, 344B, 366C, 366D, 387B, for original description, and Memoirs ofthe Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
387D, 387E, 408C, 409B, 409D, 429C, New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ):2 1 3-2 1 4
448B, 448C, 466C, 467A, 467B, 467D, ( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
467E, 485B, 485C, 485D
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 79

Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 20:398 Haplopappus parishii Harmonia nutans (Greene) B.G.
( 1 939) for original description, and Mem­ Considered but rejected : a synonym of Baldwi n
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ): Ericameria parishii var. parishii; a common
1 49-1 50 ( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment. "nodd i ng harmonia" Asteraceae
taxon
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Hackelia velutina Napa, Sonoma
Haplopappus peirsonii
Considered but rejected : too common Chaparral, cismontane woodland / rocky
Considered but rejected : too common; a or gravel ly, volcanic; elevation 75-975
synonym of Tonestus peirsonii meters.
Halimolobos virgata ( N utt. ) Sch u lz
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"virgate halimolobos" Brassicaceae Haplopappus propinquus A synonym of Madia nutans in TheJepson
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Considered but rejected : a synonym of Manual. See Pittonia 2 : 227 ( 1 892) for orig­
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere Ericameria brachylepis; a common taxon i nal description, and Novon 9 :462-471
41 2A, 41 2B, 41 2C ( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and jun iper Haplopappus racemosus ssp.
woodland; elevation 2000-3000 meters. congestus Harmonia stebbinsii (T.W. N elson
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J uly. See Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta & J . P. Nelson ) B.G. Baldwi n
See Contributions from the Gray Herharium "Stebbi ns's harmon ia" Asteraceae
3(8):241 -288 ( 1 943 ) for taxonomic Haplopappus uniflorus ssp. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
treatment and d iscussion of the genus. gossypinus Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
See Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina 596A, 596B, 630C, 631 D, 632A, 632C,
Halodule wrightii 6320
Considered but rejected: not native Harmonia doris-nilesiae (T.W. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Nelson & J . P. Nelso n ) B.G. Baldwi n forest / serpenti n ite; elevation 400-1 580
Haplopappus brickellioides meters.
"Niles's harmonia" Asteraceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Hazardia brickellioides; a common taxon Tri nity Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly threatened by road
632B, 632C, 632D, 633A, 649C, 650C, mai ntenance. A synonym of Madia steb­
Haplopappus canus 651 B, 651 C, 651 D binsii in TheJepson Manual. See Brittonia
See Hazardia cana Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower 32(3 ):323 ( 1 980) for original descrip­
montane coniferous forest / usually ser­ tion, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for
Haplopappus detonsus pentinite, openi ngs, rocky; elevation revised nomenclature.
See Hazardia detonsa 650-1 660 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. Harpagonella palmeri Gray
Haplopappus eastwoodiae Threatened by logging, recreation, and
" Pa l mer's grappl i n ghook" Boraginaceae
road mai ntenance. A synonym of Madia
See Ericameria fasciculata List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
doris-nilesiae in TheJepson Manual. See Brit­
tonia 37( 4 ):394-396 ( 1 985) for original Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Haplopappus eximius descri ption, and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) Catalina Island, San Diego; Arizona, Baja
See Tonestus eximius for revised nomenclature. Cal ifornia, Sonora (Mexico)
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Harmonia hallii ( Keck) B.G. foothi l l grassland / clay; elevation
Haplopappus gilmanii 20-830 meters.
See Ericameria gilmanii Baldwi n
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"Hall's harmonia" Asteraceae
I nconspicuous and easily overlooked.
Haplopappus junceus List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Threatened by development and non­
See Machaerantherajuncea Col usa, Lake, Napa, Yolo native plants.
5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 532C, 532D, 533A, 533D,
Haplopappus lucidus 547B, 547C, 548A Hastingsia bracteosa var.
See Pyrrocoma lucida Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation bracteosa
500-900 meters.
Considered but rejected : not in California
Haplopappus lyallii Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Tonestus !ya/Iii Threatened by m i n i ng. A synonym of Hazardia brickellioides
Madia ha/Iii in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 3 ( 1 ) : 5 ( 1 935) for origi nal Considered but rejected: too common
Haplopappus ophitidis descri ption, and Novon 9:462-471
See Ericameria ophitidis ( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
1 80 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Hazardia cana (Gray) Green e Hedeoma nanum (Torr. ) Briq var. Helianthemum suffrutescens
"San Clemente Island hazardia" Asteraceae californicum W.S. Stewart Schre i b.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 "Califo rnia mock-pen nyroyal" Lamiaceae "Bisbee Peak rush-rose" Cistaceae
San Clemente Island ; Guadalupe Island List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 List 3 I RED 2-2-3
( Mexico) I nyo, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Sacra­
SCMC, SCMS Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and mento, Tuolumne
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, ripari­ j u n iper wood land / rocky, often carbon­ 458B, 476B, 493C, 494B, 494C, 495A,
an scrub; elevation 60-500 meters. ate; elevation 855-2 1 00 meters. 51 OB, 5 1 1 A, 527D
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Perennial herb, blooms April-June. Chaparral (often serpentinite, gabbroic,
J u n e-September. See Sida 8:265 ( 1 980) for taxonomic or lone soi l); elevation 45-840 meters.
Known in California from fewer than treatment. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
twenty occurrences. Feral herbivores Move to List 1 B? Threatened by m i n i ng,
removed from San Clemente Island, and Heleocharis parvula development, and vehicles. Herbarium
vegetation recovering. See Proceedings of material ind icates taxon is conspecific
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences See Eleocharis parvula
with H. scoparium, but field studies reveal
1 1 :75 ( 1 876) for original description , differences; defin itive taxonomic study
Aliso 5(3) :343 ( 1 963) for species Helianthella castanea Greene needed. A synonym of H. scoparium in The
account, and Madrano 26(3): 1 05-1 27 Jepson Manual.
( 1 979) for taxonomic treatment. " Diablo helianthella" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n * , San Helianthus exilis Gray
Hazardia detonsa ( Greene) Greene Francisco* , San Mateo "serpentine su nflower" Asteraceae
"island hazard ia" Asteraceae 445D, 446B, 447A, 448B, 463C, 464A, List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 464B, 464C, 464D, 465A, 465B, 465C*, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Shasta, Siski­
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, Santa 465D, 466A, 467A* , 482C, 483 D you, Sonoma, Tehama, Tri nity
Rosa Island Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, serpentin ite seeps; elevation 1 50- 1 525
coastal scrub / rocky, volcan ic; elevation riparian woodland, valley and footh i l l meters.
5-580 meters. grassland; elevation 60-1 300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-November.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Difficult to distinguish from H. bolanderi;
February-November. Threatened by u rban ization, grazi ng, and see that plant i n TheJepson Manual.
I ncreasing on Santa Cruz Island after fire su ppression.
reduction offeral sheep population.
Hybridizes with H. squarrosa var. grinde­ Helianthus niveus ( Benth . ) Bdg.
Helianthemum greenei Rob. ssp. tephrodes (Gray) Heiser
lioides. See Madrano 26(3 ) : 1 05-1 27
( 1 979) for revised nomenclature. "island rush-rose" Cistaceae
"Algodones D u nes sunflower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Hazardia orcuttii (Gray) Greene Federal Threatened
State Endangered
Santa Catalina Island , Santa Cruz Island,
"Orcutt's hazard ia" Asteraceae I m perial; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico)
San Miguel Island * , Santa Rosa
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 Island( * ? ) 2A, 2B, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D, 27C,
San Diego; Baja California 28D
SCTN, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SM IW*
35C, 36D Desert du nes; elevation 50-1 00 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
Chaparral, coastal scrub / often clay; cismontane woodland, coastal scrub / Perenn ial herb, blooms September-May.
elevation 85-85 meters. rocky; elevation 1 5-490 meters. Threatened by vehicles. See Report on the
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-J u ly. U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, p. 90
August-October. ( 1 859) by W. Emory for original descrip­
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Known in California from only one occur­ tion, and Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botanical
rences. Last col lected on Santa Rosa
rence in Lux Cyn. Threatened by u rban iza­ Club 22(3):39-43 ( 1 969) for revised
Island in 1 930's; need historical quads.
tion. See Madrano 26(3 ): 1 05- 1 27 ( 1 979) nomenclature.
Last collected on San Miguel Island in
for revised nomenclature and 28( 1 ):38 1 939; need locality information . Threat­
( 1 98 1 ) for first California record . ened by feral herbivores on Santa Cruz Helianthus nuttallii T. & G ssp.
Island; recoveri ng on Santa Catalina parishii (Gray) Heiser
Hazardia stenolepis Island, and i ncreasi ng on Santa Cruz
Island after reduction offeral sheep pop­ " Los Angeles sunfl ower" Asteraceae
Considered but rejected: too common List 1 A
u lation. Also threatened by altered fire
regimes. Hybridizes with H. scoparium. Los Angeles*, Orange* , San Bernardino*
Hecastocleis shockleyi 71 B*, 1 05B*, 1 05C*, 1 07D*, l l OB*,
Considered but rejected: too common l l OC*, 1 1 1 D* , 1 63C*
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt and
freshwater); elevation 1 0-500 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 81

Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp. Hemizonia multicaulis ssp. vernalis
August-October. leucocephala (Ta nowitz) Kei l Considered but rejected: a synonym of H.
Last seen in 1 937. Exti rpated by urban­ congesta ssp. congesta; a common taxon
ization. See Proceedings ofthe American " H ayfield tarplant" Asteraceae
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 4: 7 ( 1 883) List 3 I RED ?-?-3
for original description, and Memoirs of Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma Hemizonia parryi ssp. australis
the Torrey Botanical Club 22(3 ) : 1 47-1 S 2 467B, 484B, 484D, 48SB, S01 A, S02A, See Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment. S02B, S02C, S02D, S 1 7C, S 1 8D, S 1 9A,
S34C, S68B Hemizonia parryi ssp. congdonii
Helodium blandowii (Web. & Coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­ See Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Mohr) Warnst. land; elevation 2 S-36S meters.
Helodiaceae Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October. Hemizonia pungens ssp. laevis
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Move to List 1 B? Precise location, rarity, See Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Fresno; Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash ing­ and endangerment i nformation needed .
ton, and elsewhere lntergrades with ssp. congesta; dried
plants may be ind istinguishable. Many Hemizonia tracyi
394D herbarium collections are m isidentified. See Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­ Threatened by agricultu re and urban iza­
ous forest / damp soil; elevation tion. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club Herissantia eris pa ( L. ) Brizicky
2000-2700 meters. 1 1 0 : 1 5 ( 1 983) for original description,
and Phytologia 73(3):2S9-260 ( 1 992) for "curly herissantia" M alvaceae
Moss.
revised nomenclature. List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Known in Cal iforni a from only two occur­
San Diego; Arizona, Baj a Californ ia,
rences in Kings Canyon N P. Very distinc­
Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp. tracyi Sonora (Mexico), Texas, and elsewhere
tive d u e to abu ndant paraphyl lia ( m i nute
leaf-like structures borne on the stems or Babe. & Hall 7A, 32C
branches among the leaves). See Bot. Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 700-725
Taschenb. p. 332 ( 1 807) for original "Tracy's tarplant" Asteraceae
meters.
descri ption, and Krypt. Fl. Brandenburg List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Annual/perenn ial herb, blooms
2:692 ( 1 90S) for revised nomenclature. Humboldt, Mendoci no, Trin ity
August-September.
Coastal prarie, lower montane con iferous
Known in Californ ia from only two occur­
Hemitomes congestum forest, North Coast coniferous forest /
rences at Mountain Spri ngs Grade and
openi ngs, sometimes serpentinite;
Considered but rejected: too common Val l ecito Wash.
elevation 1 20-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Hemizonia arida Hesperevax acaulis var. acaulis
See Deinandra arida Considered but rejected: too common
Hemizonia conjugens
See Deinandra conjugens
Hemizonia calyculata Hesperevax acaulis var.
See Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata ambusticola
Hemizonia floribunda
Considered but rejected: too common
See Deinandra floribunda
Hemizonia clementina
See Deinandra clementina Hesperevax caulescens ( Ben t h . )
Hemizonia halliana
Gray
See Deinandra halliana
Hemizonia congesta " h ogwallow starfish" Asteraceae
See Hemizonia congesta ssp. leucocephala List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Hemizonia increscens ssp. villosa
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa,
See Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa
Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp. Colusa, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Merced,
calyculata Babe. & H al l Napa, San Diego*, San Joaquin, San Lu is
Hemizonia minthornii Obispo, Solano, Stan islaus, Sutter,
" Mendocino tarplant" Asteraceae See Deinandra minthornii Tehama, Yolo
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Val ley and foothi l l grassland (mesic,
Lake, Mendocino clay); elevation 0-505 meters.
Hemizonia mohavensis
Cismontane woodland, valley and foot­ See Deinandra mohavensis Annual herb, blooms March-June.
hill grassland / sometimes serpenti n ite;
Threatened by development and agricul­
elevation 22S-1 400 meters.
ture. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
Annual herb, blooms j uly-November. Hemizonia multicaulis ssp. my ofArts and Sciences 7:356 ( 1 868) for
multicaulis revised nomenclature, and Systematic
Considered but rejected: a synonym of H. Botany 1 7(2):293-3 1 0 ( 1 992) for taxo-
congesta ssp. congesta; a common taxon nomic treatment.
1 82 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Hesperevax sparsiflora (Gray) Hesperolinon breweri (Gray) Small Hesperolinon drymarioides

Green e var. brevifolia (Gray) " Brewer's western flax" Li naceae (Curran ) Small
Morefield List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 "drymaria-like western Aax" Linaceae
"short-leaved evax" Asteraceae Contra Costa, Napa, Solano List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 464A, 464B, 464C, 4640, 499A, 499B, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Yolo
Humboldt, Mendocino, Marin, Santa 499C, 51 50 532C, 5320, 548A, 564A, 564B, 5640,
Cruz, San Francisco*, Sonoma; Oregon Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley 565B, 565C, 5650
408B, 448B*, 485B, 485C, 4850, 502C, and foothill grassland / mostly serpenti­ Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
520B, 5200, 537B, 553A, 569A, 622C, nite; elevation 30-900 meters. cismontane woodland, valley and footh ill
672C Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. grassland / serpentinite; elevation
Coastal bl uff scrub (sandy), coastal Need i n formation on status of occur­ 1 00-1 1 30 meters.
dunes; elevation 0-2 1 5 meters. rences. Threatened by development, Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Annual herb, blooms March-June. and several occu rrences threatened by Known from approximately twenty occur­
Threatened by logging and development. construction of Los Vaq ueros Reservoir. rences. Threatened by mining and vehi­
May intergrade with var. sparsif/ora in the See University ofCalifornia Publications in cles. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy of
San Francisco Bay area. On review list in Botany 32:235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) for taxonom­ Sciences 1 : 1 52 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
Oregon . See Synoptical Flora ofNorth Ameri­ ic treatment. tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications
ca 1 (2 ):229 ( 1 884) for original descrip­ in Botany 32 :235-3 1 4 ( 1 96 1 ) for taxo­
tion, and Systematic Botany 1 7:293-3 1 0 Hesperolinon congestum (Gray) nomic treatment.
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature. Small
" Mari n western flax" Linaceae
Hesperolinon serpentinum N .
Hesperolinon adenophyllum List 18 / RED 3-3-3 McCarten
(Gray) Small State Threatened/Federal "Napa western flax" Linaceae
"glandu lar western flax" Linaceae Threatened List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 Marin , San Francisco, San Mateo Alameda, Lake, Napa, Stan islaus
Hu mboldt*, Lake, Mendoci no 429A, 4480, 466B, 466C, 467A, 467B, 404B, 4250, 4450, 500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B,
533B, 533C, 534A, 534B, 5340, 548B?, 484C, 4840 5 1 6D, 5 1 7A, 532C, 533A
549A, 549B, 549C, 5490, 550A, 565A, Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland / Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation
565B, 565C, 5650, 566A, 566C, 5660, serpentinite; elevation 5-370 meters. 50-800 meters.
567A, 567B, 5820, 583C, 654C* Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite; rences. One occu rrence protected at
rences. Protected in part at Ri ng Mtn .
elevation 1 50- 1 3 1 5 meters. ACEC ( BLM ), rest on private land and
Preserve, Marin Cou nty. Threatened by
Annual herb, blooms May-August. development and foot traffic. See Pro­ u nprotected . Threatened by brush clear­
Threatened by geothermal development, ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts ing and gradi ng. See Madrano ( 1 994, in
recreation, and grazi ng. See Proceedings of and Sciences 6 : 5 2 1 ( 1 865) for origi nal press) for original description.
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences description , and University ofCalifornia
8: 624-625 ( 1 873) for original descrip­ Publications in Botany 3 2 : 235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) Hesperolinon tehamense H . K.
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications for taxonomic treatment.
Sharsm.
in Botany 32: 235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment. Hesperolinon didymocarpum H . K. "Tehama Cou nty western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Sharsm .
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum ( H . K. Glenn, Tehama
" Lake County western flax" Linaceae
Sharsm . ) H . K. Sharsm . 580C, 5800, 596A, 596B, 596C, 608C
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
"two-carpel late western flax" Linaceae Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
State Endangered serpentin ite; elevation 1 00-1 000 meters.
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 Lake
Lake, Napa, Sonoma Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
533B, 533C, 5330
499B, 500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 60, Known from approximately ten occur­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley rences, mostly on Mendoci no NF and
5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 533B, 533C, 5330, 549A
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite; BLM lands, where locally abundant.
Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation elevation 330-365 meters. Threatened by vehicles and road mai nte­
60-1 005 meters. nance. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. tions in Botany 32: 298 ( 1 961 ) for original
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
Previously confused with H. serpentinum, in the Big Cyn. area near Midd letown. descri ption.
wh ich also occurs on serpentin ite soils in Potentially threatened by grazing, agricul­
the same general area. Threatened by ture, and u rban ization. See University of Hesperomecon linearis
development and grazing. See University of California Publications in Botany 32:235-3 1 4 Considered but rejected: too com mon; a
California Publications in Botany 32:235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) for original descri ption. synonym of Meconella linearis
( 1 961 ) for taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 83

Heterotheca monarchensis York, Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Heuchera merriamii

Shevock & Semple April-Septem ber. Considered but rejected: too common
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
" Monarch golden-aster" Asteraceae See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 1 : 1 00 ( 1 929) for original descri ption.
Heuchera parishii Ryd b.
Fresno " Parish's a l u m root" Saxifragaceae
375D List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Heuchera chlorantha
Cismontane woodland (carbonate); Considered but rejected: not native i n Riverside, San Bernardino
elevation 1 095- 1 850 meters. California 83C, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 05D, 1 06A,
Perennial herb, blooms May-October. 131C
Known from two occurrences in the Kings Heuchera duranii Alpine boulder and rock field, lower mon­
River Cyn. Not in TheJepson Manual. See tane coniferous forest, subalpine conifer­
Considered but rejected: a synonym o f H.
University ofWaterloo Biolo:f!J' Series 37:52 ous forest, upper montane coniferous
parvifolia; a common taxon forest / rocky; elevation 1 500-3800
( 1 996) for original description.
meters.
Heuchera elegans Abrams Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Heterotheca shevockii (Semple)
"urn-flowered alu mroot" Saxifragaceae J u ne-August.
Semple
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 I ncl udes H. alpestris .
"Shevock's golden-aster" Asteraceae Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Cismontane wood land, lower montane Heuchera rubescens Torr. var.
Kern con iferous forest, upper montane conif­ versicolor (Greene) M . G . Stewart
238B, 239A, 260C, 261 C, 261 D erous forest / rocky; elevation
1 1 55-2650 meters. "San Diego Cou nty a l u m root"
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
Saxifragaceae
sandy; elevation 230-900 meters. Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
San Diego; Baja Californ ia, Texas, and
August-November.
elsewhere
Known only from the lower Kern River Heuchera hirsutissima Rosend., 20A, 48D, 49D
Cyn . in the Greenhorn Mtns. Possibly Butt. & Lak.
threatened by road maintenance and Chaparral, lower montane con i ferous
recreational activities. A synonym of H. "shaggy-haired alu m root" Saxifragaceae forest / rocky; elevation 1 500-4000
villosa var. shevockii i n TheJepson Manual. List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 meters.
See Phytologia 73(6):453 ( 1 992) for origi­ Riverside Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
nal description, and University ofWaterloo 65C, 65D, 83C, 83D May-June.
Biolo:f!J' Series 37: 1 48 ( 1 996) for revised
nomenclature. Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation Hibiscus californicus
1 830-3500 meters. See Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Heterotheca villosa var. shevockii Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
See Heterotheca shevockii May-J uly. Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav.
Heuchera abramsii Ryd b. "rose-mallow" Malvaceae
Heuchera leptomeria var. List 2 I RED 2-2-1
"Abrams's a l u m root" Saxifragaceae peninsularis Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 See Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor Sacramento, San Joaq u i n , Solano, Sutter,
Los Angeles, San Bernard ino Yolo; and elsewhere
Upper montane con iferous forest Heuchera maxima Greene 462A, 462B, 463A, 463D, 479B, 479C,
( rocky); elevation 2800-3500 meters. 480A, 480B, 480C, 480D, 496C, 497D,
" island a l u m root" Saxifragaceae
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 5 1 3 D, 529B, 529C, 544C, 545A, 545B,
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
J u ly-August. 545D, 5 6 1 A, 561 B, 561 C, 561 D, 576B,
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, Santa 576C, 577B, 577C, 577D, 592C
Rosa Island
Heuchera alpestris Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
ANAC, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SRON elevation 0-1 20 meters.
See Heuchera parishii Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­ Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, aquatic,
tane woodland, coastal scru b / rocky; emergent), bloomsJu ne-September.
Heuchera brevistaminea Wiggi ns elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Most occurrences are very smal l . Serious­
" Lagu na M ou ntai ns alum root" Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms ly th reatened by development, agricul­
Saxifragaceae February-May. ture, recreation, and channelization of
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 Surveys i n 1 994-1 996 have located many the Sacramento River and its tributaries.
San Diego new popu lations. Threatened by feral Widespread but also threatened in east­
herbivores on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa ern North America. California plants
1 9B, 1 9C, 20A islands, and potentially threatened by apparently unique in rhizomatous­
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, seabird rookery on Anacapa Island. stoloniferous propagation.
cismontane wood land, riparian scrub /
rocky; elevation 1 370-2000 meters.
1 84 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

H ierochloe odorata ( L. ) Wah l .

"vanil la-grass" Poaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1 -1
Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon , Washi ngton,
and elsewhere
644A, 682B, 732C
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
1 500-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri l-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only three
occurrences. Unconfirmed specimens at
the Californ ia Academy of Sciences have
been recorded from Yosemite NP, San
Pedro Val ley (San Mateo County), and
Fern Cyn. ( Mendocino County); need ver­
ification. Possibly threatened by grazing.
On review l ist i n Oregon .

Hoita strobilina (H. & A. ) Ryd b.

" Loma Prieta hoita" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Alameda*, Contra Costa*, Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz
387B, 387E, 406D, 407A, 407B, 407D,
427C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­
an woodland / usually serpentinite, Holocarpha macradenia
mesic; elevation 30-600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Need historical quads for Alameda and
Contra Costa counties. Threatened by
urbanization. See North American Flora
24: 1 1 ( 1 91 9) for revised nomenclature,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 61 : 1 -1 1 4 ( 1 990) for taxonomic
treatment.

Hollisteria lanata
Considered but rejected: too common

Holocarpha macradenia ( DC.)

Greene
"Santa Cruz tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Alameda*, Contra Costa*, Monterey,
Mari n * , Santa Cruz
386B, 386C, 387A, 387B, 407C, 408D,
447A*, 466A*, 466D*, 467A*, 483D*
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland / often clay, sandy;
elevation 1 0-220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-October.
l C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 85

Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ S33B, S33C, S34A, S34B, SSOD, S6SD Horkelia cuneata Li n d i . ssp. sericea
rences. All extant Contra Costa County Chaparral, lower montane coniferous (Gray) Keck
occurrences ( 465B, 466A) are i ntro­ forest, meadows and seeps, valley and
duced; nearly half have failed as of 1 995. " Kellogg's horkelia" Rosaceae
foothill grassland / edges, vernally mesic
Last remain i ng natural population i n the areas; elevation 4S0-1 1 00 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Francisco Bay Area extirpated by Alameda*, Mari n * , Monterey, Santa Bar­
development in 1 993. Seriously threat­ Perennial herb, blooms J une-August.
bara, Santa Cruz, San Francisco*, San
ened by urbanization, agriculture, non­ Known from only five extant occurrences. Luis Obispo, San Mateo
native plants, and lack of appropriate Need historical quads for Colusa County.
1 70B*, 1 71 A, 1 71 D, 1 96A*, 1 96B*,
ecological disturbance. See Fremontia Threatened by vehicles, and possibly by
1 96D*, 220C, 221 D, 247D*, 271 D,
5(4): 1 5-1 6 ( 1 978) for species accou nt. development. See Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ):
293C, 36SB, 36SC, 366A, 366C*, 366D,
1 37-1 44 ( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
386C* , 387B*, 408C, 408D, 409D, 448B,
Holocarpha virgata (Gray) Keck 46SC*, 466C* , 466D* , 467D*, 48SC*
ssp. elongata Keck Horkelia clevelandii Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
Considered but rejected : too common ( m ariti me), coastal scrub / sandy or grav­
"gracefu l tarplant" Asteraceae
el ly, openi ngs; elevation 1 0-200 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Orange, Riverside, San Diego Horkelia congesta Hook. ssp. Perennial herb, blooms April-September.
nemorosa Keck H istorical occurrences need field surveys.
Chaparral? , cismontane woodland,
Threatened by coastal development.
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­ "Josephine horkel ia" Rosaceae
Occurrence from the Crocker Hills proba­
land; elevation 60-1 1 00 meters. List 2 / RED 3-3-1
bly last remai ning location in San Fran­
Annual herb, bloomsJu ly-November. Del Norte; Oregon cisco Bay. Remai ning plants less distinct
Known in Riverside County only from 739A from ssp. cuneata than those formerly
Santa Rosa Plateau. See Aliso 4 : 1 1 1 North Coast coniferous forest (clay, ser­ occurring near San Francisco.
( 1 958) for origi nal description. penti n ite seeps); elevation 300-800
meters. Horkelia fusca ssp. tenella
Hordeum intercedens N evski Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly. Considered but rejected: too common
"vernal barley" Poaceae Known in Cal ifornia from only one occur­
List 3 I RED ?-2-2 rence at Shelly Creek. Horkelia hendersonii Howe l l
Anacapa Island, Fresno?, Ki ngs, Los "Henderson's horkelia" Rosaceae
Angeles, Mono, Orange, Riverside, Santa Horkelia cuneata Lind i . ssp. Llst 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Barbara, Santa Barbara Island, San Beni­ puberula (Greene) Keck
to, San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Siskiyou; Oregon
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San "mesa horkelia" Rosaceae 73SB
Miguel Island, San Mateo, San Nicolas Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3 Upper montane coniferous forest
Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura; Baja Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside*, Santa (gran itic); elevation 2000-2300 meters.
California Barbara, San Bernardino*, San Diego*,
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
9 D, 52A, 52B, 70B, 70C, 7 1 A, 7 1 D, 8SC, San Luis Obispo, Ventura*
87C, 1 1 3 B, 1 42B, 336C, 38SD, ANAC, Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
SOB*, SOD*, 68C*, 69C, 71 D, 84A*,
SBRA, SCMC, SCM N, SCMS, SCTS, rence. Endangered in Oregon .
84B*, 1 07A*, 1 07C*, 1 07D*, 1 08A* ,
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SM IW, SNIC 1 08B*, 1 08C, 1 09A*, 1 09B*, 1 09C*,
Coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley and 1 09D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 1 0B*, 1 1 0C*, 1 1 0D*, Horkelia hispidula Ryd b.
footh i l l grassland (sal ine Aats and 1 1 1 A* , 1 1 1 C* , 1 1 1 D* , 1 40B*, 1 41 A* ,
"White Mou ntains horkelia" Rosaceae
depressions), vernal pools; elevation 1 42B, 1 43A* , 1 68D*, 1 70B, 1 95C, 1 96D,
Llst 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
S-1 000 meters. 22 1 A* , 221 B, 222A* , 246B* , 269C*
I nyo, Mono
Ann ual herb, blooms March-June. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub / sandy or gravelly; elevation 70-8 1 0 41 2B, 43 1 B, 43 1 C, 43 1 D
Move to List 1 B? Location and rarity infor­
meters. Alpine dwarf scrub, Great Basin scrub,
mation needed, especially quads for Los
Angeles, Mono, and San Mateo counties, Perenn ial herb, blooms February­ subal pine coniferous forest; elevation
and Santa Rosa Island. Does plant occur September. 3000-3400 meters.
in Fresno County? Most mainland occur­ Many historical occurrences extirpated; Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
rences have been extirpated by develop­ need current i nformation on status of See North American Flora 22:278 ( 1 908)
ment; others are threatened . Previously occurrences. lntergrades with other sspp.; for original description.
confused with H. pusillum. See Nordicjour­ populations representing true ssp. puberu­
nal ofBotany 2:307-321 ( 1 982) for taxo­ la declini ng. See Pittonia 1 : 1 02 ( 1 887) for
nomic treatment. origi nal description, and Lloydia 1 :87-88
( 1 938) for revised nomenclature.
Horkelia bolanderi Gray
" Bolander's horkelia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Colusa*, Lake, Mendocino
1 86 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
J
Horkelia marinensis ( El mer) Cru m Historical occu rrences need field su rveys. Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition cismontane woodland, meadows and
" Point Reyes horkel ia" Rosaceae 4( 5):84 ( 1 857) for original description, seeps, riparian wood land / granitic,
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 and Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ): 1 3 7-1 44 sandy; elevation 300- 1 900 meters.
Mendoci no, Marin, Santa Cruz, San ( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment. Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Mateo April-July.
387E, 408C?, 408D, 448C, 485C, 502C, Horkelia truncata Ryd b. Possibly threatened by vehicles and recre­
537C, 537D, 568B, 569A, 585A, 585D ational activities. Confused with H. cunea­
" Ramona horkelia" Rosaceae
Coastal dunes, coastal prarie, coastal ta ssp. sericea, H. rydbergii, and H. tenuiloba.
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
scrub / sandy; elevation 5-350 meters. See Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ): 1 39 ( 1 993) for
San Diego; Baja Californ ia original descri ption.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-September.
20B, 20C, 2 1 A, 34A, 34B, 34D, 35B,
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
49D, 5 1 A, 5 1 B
rences. Populations from near Ft. Bragg, Horkeliella congdonis
Mendocino Cou nty may be varietally dis­ Chaparral, cismontane woodland / clay; Considered but rejected: too common
tinct. Historical occurrences need field elevation 400- 1 300 meters.
surveys. Threatened by non-native plants Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
and residential development. See System­ Horkeliella purpurascens
Known i n California from fewer than
atic Botany 1 8( 1 ) : 1 37-1 44 ( 1 993) for dis­ Considered but rejected: too common
twenty occurrences. Possibly threatened
tributional information. by chaparral management.
Horsfordia alata (Wats. ) Gray
Horkelia parryi Greene Horkelia tularensis U .T. H owe l l ) " p i n k velvet-mal low" Malvaceae
" Parry's horkelia" Rosaceae M u nz List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
" Kern Plateau horkelia" Rosaceae I m perial, Riverside; Arizona, Baja Cal ifor­
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa nia, Sonora (Mexico)
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation

1
439A, 439B, 476A, 477B, 494C, 495A, Tu lare
509B, 509D, 5 1 0A 1 00-500 meters.
306B, 306C, 307D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / espe­ Shrub, blooms February-Decem ber.
Upper montane coniferous forest >
cially lone formation; elevation 80-1 035 See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
( rocky); elevation 2300-2875 meters.
meters. Arts and Sciences 20:356 ( 1 885) for origi­
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. nal description and 2 2 : 297 ( 1 887) for
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from approximately ten occur­ revised nomenclature.
Potentially threatened by clay m i n i ng.
rences. Potentially threatened by mi ning
and recreation. Protected i n part i n Baja
Horkelia rydbergii California (USFS) which incl udes the
Horsfordia newberryi (Wats. ) Gray
Considered but rejected: too common type locality. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany "Newberry's velvet-mallow" Malvaceae
1 0( 1 3 ):254-255 ( 1 966) for original List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
description. I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Horkelia sericata Wats.
Baja California, Sonora (Mexico)
" Howe l l 's horkelia" Rosaceae Horkelia wilderae Parish Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1 3-800 meters.
" Barton Flats horkelia" Rosaceae
Del Norte, H u m boldt?; Oregon Shrub, blooms February-December.
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
San Bernardino
forest / serpentinite, clay; elevation Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 1 25 ( 1 876) for origi­
60-1 200 meters. 1 05A, 1 05B
nal description and 22:297 ( 1 887) for
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Chaparral (edges), lower montane conif­ revised nomenclature.
erous forest, upper montane coniferous
Does plant occur in Hu mboldt County?
forest; elevation 1 830-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Howellia aquatilis Gray
Horkelia tenuiloba (Torr. ) Gray "water howell ia" Cam pan u laceae
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
"thi n-lobed horkel ia" Rosaceae in the Barton Flats area. Threatened by List 2 / RED 3-2-1
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 logging and recreational activities. See Federal Threatened
Mendocino, Mari n, Sonoma Botanical Gazette 38:460 ( 1 904) for origi­ Mendocino; Idaho, Oregon * , Washing­
nal description. ton, and elsewhere
467A, 467B, 502A, 502B, 5 1 8B, 5 1 8C,
520D, 536C, 537B, 537C, 537D 597B, 598A
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral / Horkelia yadonii B. Ertter Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
mesic openi ngs, sandy; elevation 50-500 "Santa Lucia horkelia" Rosaceae elevation 1 085-1 290 meters.
meters. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Ann ual herb (Aquatic), blooms J une.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is
Obispo
l C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 87

Rediscovered i n California in 1 996 by D. Hulsea mexicana Ryd b. Lower montane con i ferous forest, upper
Isle and D. Efseaff; now known i n Califor­ montane con iferous forest / rocky;
nia from five extant occurrences. Previ­ "Mexican h u l sea" Asteraceae elevation 1 500-2 500 meters.
ously known in California from only a List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
single collection near Howard Lake i n San Diego; Baja California
1 928; where possibly extirpated by cattle See Madrano 24( 1 ):48-55 ( 1 977) for
7A, 7B original descri ption.
grazing and tram pling. Threatened by
Chaparral (volcanic, often on burns or
hydrological alteration , grazi ng, and
disturbed areas); elevation 1 200- 1 200
trampling. Endangered i n Idaho and Ore­
meters.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. inyoensis
gon, and state-listed as Threatened i n ( Keck) Wil ken
Washi ngton. Inadvertently omitted from Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe April-J u ne. " I nyo hu lsea" Asteraceae
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 5 :43 Known i n U.S. from only a si ngle collec­ List 2 / RED 2-2-2
( 1 879) for original descri ption, Wasmann tion near Jacumba on Table Mtn . ; is it I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Journal ofBiology 33:90-91 ( 1 975) for the more widespread? Easily confused with 304B, 348C, 368A, 369C, 372A, 433C,
California record , Conservation Biology H. californica. See North American Flora 433 D, 452C
2(3 ):275-282 ( 1 988) for ecological 34:41 ( 1 9 1 4) for original description,
information, and Fremontia 25:3 ( 1 997) Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
and Brittonia 27(3 ):228-244 ( 1 975) for
for account of rediscovery. taxonomic treatment. pinyon and juniper woodland / rocky;
elevation 1 645-3000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms April-J une.
Hulsea brevifolia Gray Hulsea nana Gray
Type locality degraded by grading and
"short-leaved h u lsea" Asteraceae "little h u lsea" Asteraceae talus removal in 1 989. On watch list in
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Nevada. See Aliso 4: 1 01 ( 1 958) for origi­
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tu lare, Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity; nal description and 7:41 3 ( 1 972) for
Tuolumne Oregon , Washi ngton revised nomenclature, and Brittonia 27(3 ) :
354A, 374C, 396A, 396B, 41 6C, 41 7B, 62SB, 626A, 644A, 644D, 662C, 662D, 228-244 ( 1 975) fo r taxonomic treatment.
41 8A, 435D, 437A, 437B, 437C, 437D, 682B?, 698B, 699C, 700C, 700D, 71 3C,
454C, 45SC, 4550 71 3 D, 71 SB Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. parryi
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine (Gray) Wi l ken
montane coniferous forest / gran itic or coniferous forest / rocky or gravelly, vol­
volcanic, gravelly or sandy; elevation " Parry's sunfl ower" Asteraceae
can ic; elevation 1 920-3355 meters.
1 500-3200 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside?, San
Need quads for Lassen and Modoc coun­ Bernard i no, Ventura
Threatened by vehicles, logging, and road ties. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedi­
mai ntenance. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon
tion 6:76 ( 1 858) for original descri ption,
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:359 and j u n i per woodland, upper montane
and Brittonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975 ) for
( 1 867) for original descri ption, and Brit­ coniferous forest / rocky, granitic, open­
taxonomic treatment.
tonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975) for taxo­ i ngs; elevation 1 370-2700 meters.
nomic treatment. Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. callicarpha
Does plant occur in Riverside County? See
( Hall) Wi l ken Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
Hulsea califomica T. & G .
" beautifu l h u l sea" Asteraceae and Sciences 1 2:59 ( 1 876) for original
"San Diego su nflower" Asteraceae description, Aliso 7:4 1 3 ( 1 972) for revised
List 4 I RED 1-2-3
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 nomenclature, and Brittonia 27(3 ): 228-
Riverside, San Diego
San Diego 244 ( 1 975) for taxonomic treatment.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
8B, 8C, 1 9B, 1 9C, 1 9D, 20A, 20C, 20D, forest / rocky or gravel ly, granitic;

t
33D, 48D, 498, 490 elevation 9 1 5-3050 meters. Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. pygmaea
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Perennial herb, blooms May-October. (Gray) Wi l ken
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
openings and burned areas; elevation lntergrades with H. californica. See Universi- "pygmy h u l sea" Asteraceae
9 1 5-29 1 5 meters. 9' ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 1 : 1 29 List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3
( 1 902) for original descri ption, Aliso I nyo?, Mono, San Bernardino, Tu lare
Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne. 7:41 3 ( 1 972) for revised nomenclature,
See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition l OSA, 1 0SC, 1 0S D, 284A, 451 C
and Brittonia 27(3 ):228-244 ( 1 975) for
6:77 ( 1 858) for original descri ption, and taxonomic treatment. Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
Brittonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975) for taxo­ coniferous forest / granitic, gravelly;
nomic treatment. elevation 2835-3900 meters.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
i
gabrielensis Wilken
Hulsea inyoensis Does plant occur in I nyo County? See
See Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis "San Gabriel Mountains sunfl ower" Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 (2):343
Asteraceae ( 1 884) for original description, Aliso
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 7(4):41 3 ( 1 972) for revised nomencla­
Los Angeles, San Bernardi no, Ventura ture, and Brittonia 27(3 ) : 242 ( 1 975) for
taxonomic treatment.
 1

1 88 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. 582D, 608C, 640A, 656C, 659C, 661 C, I ris bracteata Wats.
nanus ( Ryd b.) Turner 661 D, 667C, 668D, 673C, 673D, 675C,
675D, 679D, 680B, 681 D, 682D, 69 1 A, "Siskiyou i ris" lridaceae
"l ittle cutleaf" Asteraceae 694D, 696C, 696D, 700A, 709A, 71 1 C, List 3 I RED ?-1 -1
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 71 6D, 724C, 726C, 726D Del Norte; Oregon
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland / 738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 739C
Utah volcanic, often in burned areas; elevation Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
370A, 372A, 39 1 C, 392A, 41 2A, 41 2B, 1 000-2500 meters. tane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
41 2C, 41 2D, 504C Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September. elevation 1 80- 1 070 meters.
Pinyon and jun iper wood land, su bal pine Threatened by alteration of fire regimes Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
coniferous forest / carbonate; elevation and grazi ng. Endangered in Oregon . See May-J u ne.
1 500-3050 meters. Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, Move to List 4? Need local ity and abun­
Perennial herb, blooms May-September. p. 635 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for original dance i nformation. Hybridizes with other
See North American Flora 34:53 ( 1 9 1 4) for description, and Contributions from the Iris spp. See Proceedings ofthe American
original description, and Rhodora 58:240
Dudley Herbarium 1 :228 ( 1 936) for revi­ Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:375 ( 1 885)
sion of nomenclature. for original descri ption.
( 1 956) for revised nomenclature.

Hymenothrix wrightii Gray l liamna latibracteata Wiggi ns I ris chrysophylla

"Cal ifornia globe mal low" Malvaceae Considered but rejected: too common
"Wright's hymenothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon I ris hartwegii ssp. australis
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, New
Mexico, Sonora ( M exico), Texas North Coast coniferous forest (mesic); Considered but rejected : too common
elevation 500-2000 meters.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 400-1 550 Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly. Iris hartwegii Baker ssp.
meters. Endangered in Oregon. columbiana Lenz
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-October.
"Tuolumne iris" lridaceae
See Brittonia 1 4: 1 1 3-1 1 5 ( 1 902) for taxo­ l pomopsis depressa List 18 / RED 2-2-3
nomic treatment. Considered but rejected: too common Tuolumne
474B, 475C, 475D
Hymenoxys cooperi var. canescens lpomopsis effusa (Gray) Moran Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Considered but rejected : too common coniferous forest; elevation 425-1 400
" Baja California i pomopsis" Polemon iaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 meters.
Hymenoxys lemmonii ( E. Greene) I m perial; Baja California Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Cockerell 6A
May-J u ne.
"alkali hymenoxys" Asteraceae Possibly threatened by logging. See Aliso
Chaparral, Sonoran desert scrub (alluvial
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 4( 1 ):37 ( 1 958) for original description.
fan ) / sandy; elevation 0-1 00 meters.
Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou; Ari­ An nual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
zona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah
Known in California only from Pinto
Iris innominata Henders.
586C, 673A, 698B, 699B, 71 6C, 71 7A, Wash, along the Mexican border. See "Del Norte County i ris" l ridaceae
71 7B, 71 7D Madroiio 24( 3 ) : 1 41 -1 59 ( 1 977) for List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ taxonomic treatment, and Aliso 1 1 ( 4 ): Del Norte; Oregon
erous forest, meadows and seeps (subal­ 589-598 ( 1 987) for first California
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
kal ine); elevation 240-1 000 meters. record.
penti nite); elevation 300-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Need quads for Shasta County. Threat­ l pomopsis polycladon May-J u ne.
ened by development and agriculture. See Considered but rejected : too common
See Rhodora 32:23 ( 1 930) for original
Pittonia 3:272 ( 1 898) for original descrip­
descri ption.
tion, and Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 3 1 (9):477 ( 1 904) for original lpomopsis tenuifolia (Gray) V.
description. Grant I ris munzii Foster
"slender-leaved ipomopsis" Polemoniaceae " M u nz's i ris" l ridaceae
Hystrix californica List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1 List 18 / RED 2-1-3
See Elymus californicus Imperial, San Diego; Baja California Tulare
7A, 7B 308B, 309A, 354D
lliamna bakeri U eps. ) Wiggi ns Chaparral, pi nyon and j u n iper wood­ Cismontane woodland; elevation
land, Sonoran desert scrub / gravelly or 305-800 meters.
" Baker's globe mallow" Malvaceae
rocky; elevation 1 00-1 200 meters.
List 18 / RED 2-2-2 Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. March-Apri l.
Lassen, Mendoci no, Modoc, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, Tehama, Trin ity; Oregon
 C N P S I N V E N TORY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 89

See Aliso 4( 1 ) :53-56 ( 1 958) for taxonom­ lsocoma menziesii ( H . & A. ) G . See American Naturalist 1 7:973 ( 1 883) for
ic treatment. N esom var. diabolica G . N esom original description.

"Satan's golden bush" Asteraceae

Iris tenax Dougl. ssp. klamathensis List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
lvesia aperta Q .T. H owe l l ) Munz
Lenz San Benito, Santa Clara
var. aperta
"Orleans i ris" l ridaceae Cismontane woodland; elevation 1 5-400 "Sierra Valley ivesia" Rosaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 meters. List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Humboldt, Siskiyou Shrub, blooms August-October. Lassen, Plumas, Sierra; Nevada
Lower montane coniferous forest (often Not in TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia 570B, 5 70D, 5 7 1 A, 571 B, 571 D, 586B,
in disturbed areas); elevation 1 00-1 400 70(2 ):69-1 1 4 ( 1 99 1 ) for original 587C, 587D, 602C, 603D
meters. descri ption. Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms erous forest, meadows and seeps, pi nyon
April-May. and juniper woodland, vernal pools / ver­
lsoetes bolanderi var. pygmaea
See Aliso 4( 1 ):64 ( 1 958) for original nally mesic, usually volcanic; elevation
Considered but rejected: too common 1 480-2300 meters.
descri ption.
Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
l soetes howellii
lsocoma arguta Greene Threatened by residential development,
Considered but rejected: too common agriculture, grazing, and vehicles. I nterim
"Carq u i n ez golden bush" Asteraceae management guide prepared by USFS in
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 1 992. Threatened in Nevada. See Leaflets of
lsoetes nuttallii
Contra Costa, Solano Western Botany 9(1 5 ): 239 ( 1 962) for origi­
Considered but rejected: too com mon
48 1 A, 48 1 B, 481 D, 498D nal description, and Brittonia 40( 4 ):
398-399 ( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
Val ley and footh ill grassland (alkaline); lsoetes orcuttii
elevation 1 -20 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common lvesia aperta Q .T. Howe l l ) M u nz
Shrub, blooms August-December.
Undocumented in Contra Costa Cou nty;
var. canina B. Ertter
need quads. Probably threatened by devel­
Iva acerosa ( N utt.) R. J ackson
" Dog Valley ivesia" Rosaceae
opment and agriculture. See Manual ofthe "copperwort" Asteraceae List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay, List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Sierra
p. 1 75 ( 1 894) by E. Greene for original I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
description, and Phytologia 70(2 ):69-1 1 4 5 70D
Utah, and elsewhere
( 1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment. Lower montane coniferous forest (open­
Meadows and seeps (al kal ine), playas i ngs), meadows and seeps (xeric) / vol­
(sal ine); elevation 1 50-900 meters. canic, rocky; elevation 1 600-2000 meters.
lsocoma menziesii ( H . & A. ) G . Shrub, blooms May-December. Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-August.
N esom var. decumbens (Greene) G. See University ofKansas Scientific Bulletin
Nesom Known only from Dog Val ley. Threatened
41 : 793-876 ( 1 960) for revised nomen­ by reservoir and recreation development,
"decumbent golden bush" Asteraceae clature. and possibly by vertical use and grazi ng.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 I nterim management gu ide prepared by
Orange, San Clemente Islan d , Santa Iva hayesiana Gray USFS in 1 992. See Brittonia 40(4):398
Catal ina Island, San Diego; Baja ( 1 988) for original description.
"San Diego marsh-elder" Asteraceae
California
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
l OA, 1 0B, l O D, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 35B,
San Diego; Baja California lvesia argyrocoma ( Ryd b. ) Ryd b.
36D, 71 D
1 0A, l OB, l OC, l OD, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A, "si lver-haired ivesia" Rosaceae
Chaparral, coastal scrub (sandy, often List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
22B, 35C
in d isturbed areas); elevation 1 0- 1 35
meters. Marshes and swamps, playas; elevation San Bernard i no; Baja California
1 0-500 meters. 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26D, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 l D,
Shrub, blooms April-November.
Perennial herb, blooms April-September. 1 32C, 1 32 D
Need quads for San Clemente and Santa
Catalina islands. Eq uals Haplopappus vene­ Threatened by waterway channel ization Meadows and seeps (alkal ine), pebble
and coastal development. (pavement) plain, upper montane conifer­
tus ssp. furfuraceus, a synonym of I. men­
ous forest; elevation 1 495-2680 meters.
ziesii var. menziesii in TheJepson Manual. See
Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Criticism Iva nevadensis Jones Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
1 : 1 72 ( 1 906) for original description, Threatened by development, grazing, and
and Phytologia 70( 2):69- 1 1 4 ( 1 991 ) for "Nevada wormwood" Asteraceae vehicles. Populations in Baja Cal ifornia
taxonomic treatment. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 possi bly taxonomical ly distinct.
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pinyon and juni per wood land / alkal i ne,
sandy; elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
1 90 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

lvesia arizon ica (J .T. H owe l l ) B . Rediscovered in 1 980 by K. Berg, M. lvesia longibracteata B. Ertter
Ertter var. arizonica Hamilton, and T. Krantz; known from only
two occurrences in the San Jacinto Wilder­ "Castle Crags ivesia" Rosaceae
"yellow ivesia" Rosaceae ness Area. See University ofCalifornia Publica­ List 18 / RED 3-1-3
List 3 / RED ?-?-1 tions in Botany 1 :86 ( 1 902) for original Shasta
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah description, and Fremontia 1 1 ( 1 ): 1 3-1 5 682A
( 1 983) for discussion of rediscovery.
3680 Lower montane coniferous forest
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land, su bal pine (granitic, rocky); elevation 1 200-1 400
con iferous forest, upper montane conif­ lvesia campestris (Jones) Ryd b. meters.
erous forest / carbonate, rocky; elevation "field ivesia" Rosaceae Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne.
1 200-3 1 00 meters. List 18 / RED 2-2-3 Known only from Castle Crags. See Sys­
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Fresno, I nyo, Tulare tematic Botany 1 4:233 ( 1 989) for original
Move to List 2? Precise location, rarity, description.
306A, 306B, 307A, 329A, 329B, 329C,
and endangerment i nformation needed. 330A, 330B, 3300, 33 1 A, 331 B, 33 1 C,
353B, 354A, 354B, 374A lvesia muirii
lvesia baileyi Wats. var. baileyi Meadows and seeps (edges), subalpine Considered b u t rejected : too common
coniferous forest, u pper montane conifer­
"Bailey's ivesia" Rosaceae
ous forest; elevation 1 975-3350 meters.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 lvesia paniculata T.W. Nelson &J . P.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. Nelson
Lassen, Plumas; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
Threatened by grazi ng. See Proceedings of
586B, 586C, 5860, 587A, 6020, 620B, "Ash Creek ivesia" Rosaceae
620C
the California Academy ofSciences I I 5 : 679
( 1 895) for original descri ption, and North List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ American Flora 2 2 :285 ( 1 908) for revised Lassen
erous forest / volcanic, rocky; elevation nomenclature. 659A, 675A, 675C, 676C, 6760
1 340-2600 meters.
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. lvesia corymbosa woodland, u pper montane coniferous
Known in California from fewer than See Jvesia paniculata forest / volcanic, rocky or gravel ly;
ten occurrences. See Madrofio 3 2 ( 2 ) : 1 23 elevation 1 500-1 950 meters.
( 1 985) for d i scussion of Californ ia Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
occurrences. lvesia jaegeri M u nz &Jtn.
Known only from the Ash Valley region.
"Jaeger's ivesia" Rosaceae Threatened by road maintenance, log­
lvesia baileyi Wats. var. beneolens List 18 / RED 3-1-2 ging, trampling, and grazing. Protected i n
( Nelson &J . F. Macbr. ) B. Ertter San Bernard ino; Nevada part a t Ash Valley RNA (BLM ) . See Britto­
2490 nia 33( 2 ): 1 65-1 67 ( 1 98 1 ) for original
"Owyhee ivesia" Rosaceae descri ption, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5- 1 7
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Pinyon and jun iper woodland, upper ( 1 988) for brief species account and
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon montane coniferous forest / carbonate,
BLM management plans.
rocky; elevation 1 830-3600 meters.
7080
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJune-J u ly.
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, upper lvesia patellifera (J .T. Howe l l ) B.
montane coniferous forest / volcanic, Known in California from only two occur­
rences near Clark Mtn. On watch l ist i n
Ertter
rocky; elevation 2 1 50 meters.
Nevada. " Ki ngston Mou ntains ivesia" Rosaceae
Perenn ial herb, blooms June.
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Known in California from only three San Bernard i no
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. See lvesia kingii Wats. var. kingii
Botanical Gazette 55:374 ( 1 9 1 3) for original "alka l i ivesia" Rosaceae 2 50B, 2 74C, 274D
description, and Systematic Botany 1 4:23 1 - List 18 / RED 3-2-2 Pinyon and juniper wood land (granitic,
244 ( 1 989) for revised nomenclature. I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah rocky); elevation 1 400-21 00 meters.
41 3A, 41 3B, 432C, 434A, 45 1 A, 451 B, Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-October.
lvesia callida ( Hall) Ryd b. 451 0 See Leaflets of Western Botany 4: 1 73 ( 1 945)
"Tahqu itz ivesia" Rosaceae Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps, for original description, and Systematic
playas / mesic, alkal ine, clay; elevation Botany 1 4(2):231 -244 ( 1 989) for revised
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
1 200-2 1 30 meters. nomenclature.
State Rare
Riverside Peren nial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
lvesia pickeringii Gray
83C
occurrences. Threatened by vehicles, and "Pickering's ivesia" Rosaceae
Upper montane con iferous forest possibly by grazing. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
(granitic, rocky); elevation 241 0-2450
meters. Siskiyou, Tri nity
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September. 683B, 6830, 699B, 700A, 700C, 70 1 D
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 91

Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Great Basin scrub (volcanic ash), lower Perennial herb, blooms August-December.
ows and seeps / mesic, clay, usually ser­ montane coniferous forest, pi nyon and See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
pentin ite seeps; elevation 800- 1 500 juniper woodland / sandy or gravel ly; 3 2 : 2 0 1 ( 1 905) for original descri ption,
meters. elevation 1 000-2075 meters. and Brittonia 2 1 :286-298 ( 1 969) for tax­
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. onomic treatment.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by grazi ng, logging, rences over its range; known in California Jepsonia malvaefolia
m i n i ng, and road maintenance. Klamath from only Sierra and Dog valleys. Threat­ Seejepsonia malvifolia
NF has adopted species management ened by vehicles, and potentially by devel­
guideli nes. See Proceedings ofthe American opment and grazing. On watch list i n
Academy ofArts and Sciences 6:531 ( 1 865) Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe American Jepsonia malvifolia (Greene) Small
for original description. Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0: 71 ( 1 8 74) "island j epsonia" Saxifragaceae
for original description.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
lvesia purpurascens ssp. San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
purpurascens Jamesia americana T. & G var. Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Nicolas
Considered but rejected: too common; a rosea C. Sch neider Island, Santa Rosa Island; Guadalupe
synonym of Horkeliella purpurascens Island (Mexico)
" rosy-petal led cliffbush" Phi ladelphaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
lvesia pygmaea 1 5-1 000 meters.
Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
Considered but rejected: too common Perennial herb, blooms August-January.
Alpine boulder and rock field, Great
Basin scrub, pi nyon and juni per wood­ Threatened by erosion, grazing, and feral
land, subal pine coniferous forest / herbivores. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
lvesia sericoleuca ( Ryd b.) Ryd b.
gran itic or carbonate, rocky; elevation Club 9 : 1 21 ( 1 882) for original description
" Pl u mas ivesia" Rosaceae 2250-3 700 meters. and 23: 1 9 ( 1 896) for revised nomencla­
List 1 8 / RED 1 -2-3 ture, and Brittonia 21 :286-298 ( 1 969) for
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May­
Lassen, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sierra taxonomic treatment.
September.
554A, 5 54B, 554C, 554D, 555A, 570C, Scanered but never abundant. See Britto­
570D, 571 B, 571 C, 571 D, 572D, 586B, nia 41 ( 4):335-350 ( 1 989) for taxonomic Jepsonia parryi
587B, 587C, 587D, 588A, 602C, 603C, treatment. Considered but rejected: too common
603D, 622D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Juglans californica Wats.
Jensia yosemitana (Gray) B.G.
erous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal
pools / vernally mesic, usually volcanic; Baldwi n "Southern California black wal n ut"
elevation 1 465-2200 meters. "Yosem ite tarplant" Asteraceae J uglandaceae
Peren nial herb, blooms May-September. List 3 / RED ?-2-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Threatened by development, grazing, and Amador, Fresno, Madera?, Mariposa, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
vehicles. I nterim management guide pre­ Tulare, Tuolumne Barbara, San Bernard ino, San Diego,
pared by the USFS in 1 992. Ventura
353C, 397C, 397D, 41 9B, 43 6B, 437A,
455A, 455B, 455D, 456A, 490D, 492A Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scru b / alluvial; elevation 50-900 meters.
lvesia unguiculata Gray Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 1 200-2300 Tree (deciduous), blooms March-May.
"Yosem ite ivesia" Rosaceae
meters. Walnut forest is a much fragmented,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. declining natural community, rare in
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and
Move to List 4? Easily overlooked; location
Meadows and seeps, su bal pine conifer­ San Diego counties. Threatened by urban­
and rarity information needed. Does plant
ous forest, u pper montane coniferous ization and grazing, and possibly by lack
occur in Madera County? A synonym of
forest; elevation 1 500-2925 meters. of natural reproduction. A synonym of}.
Madiayosemitana in TheJepson Manual. See californica var. californica i n TheJepson Manu­
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September. Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts al. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy
Threatened by grazing, tram pling, and and Sciences 1 7: 2 1 9 ( 1 881 -2) for original ofArts and Sciences 1 0:349 ( 1 875) for origi­
vehicles. description, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999)
nal description, and Southern California
for revised nomenclature.
Botanists Special Publication No. 3, pp. 42-54
lvesia webberi Gray ( 1 990) for additional information.
Jepsonia heterandra Eastw.
"Webber's ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 "footh i l l j epsonia" Saxifragaceae Juglans californica var. californica
Lassen, Pl umas, Sierra; Nevada List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 See}uglans californica
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mari­
5 70A, 570B*, 570D, 586A, 586C,
posa, Stanislaus, Tuolumne J uglans californica var. hindsii
589B*, 605C*
Cismontane woodland, lower montane Seejuglans hindsii
coniferous forest / rocky, metamorphic;
elevation 50-500 meters.
1 92 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Juglans hindsii (J e ps. ) J eps. Juncus cooperi Enge l m . Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
" Northern Californ ia black wal n ut" "Cooper's rush" J u n caceae On review list in Idaho and Oregon . See
J uglandaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
39 :72-78 ( 1 986) for revised treatment.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Imperial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento*, San Diego; Nevada
Solano* , Yolo* Meadows and seeps ( mesic, alkaline or Juncus leiospermus F.J . H erm . var.
465D, 480A* , 480B*, 499B saline); elevation 260-1 770 meters. ahartii B. Ertter
Riparian scrub, riparian woodland ; Perennial herb, blooms April-August. "Ah art's dwarf rush" J u ncaceae
elevation 0-440 meters. Possibly threatened by hydrologic alter­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Tree (deciduous), blooms April-May. ations and grazi ng. See Transactions ofthe Butte, Calaveras, Placer, Sacramento,
Only two of three native stands are sti ll Academy ofScience ofSt. Louis 2 : 590 ( 1 868) Yuba
extant. Widely natural ized in cismontane for origi nal descri ption. 477C, 5 1 1 C* , 5 1 2D, 528A, 559C, 560A,
California. Threatened by urbanization 560B, 560D
and conversion to agriculture. Formerly Juncus cyperoides Val ley and footh ill grassland ( mesic);
cultivated as rootstock forj. regia, with Considered but rejected : not native elevation 30- 1 00 meters.
which it hybridizes readily. A synonym of).
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
californica var. hindsii in The Jepson Manual.
See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (2 ):365 ( 1 909) by Juncus diffusissimus Known from only six occurrences. Threat­
W.L. Jepson for original description, and Considered but rejected: not native ened by development. See Memoirs ofthe
Madrano 1 7( 1 ): 1 -32 ( 1 963) for d iscussion New York Botanical Garden 39 :49 ( 1 986)
oforigin . for original description.
Juncus dudleyi Wieg.
" D u d l ey's rush" J u ncaceae Juncus leiospermus F.J . Herm. var.
Juncus abjectus
List 2 I RED 3-1-1 leiospermus
Seejuncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Arizona, Oregon, and
elsewhere " Red Bl uff dwarf rush" J u ncaceae
Juncus acutus L. ssp. leopoldii 649B, 73 6C
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
( Parl . ) Snog. Butte, Shasta, Tehama
Lower montane coniferous forest
"southwestern spiny rush " J u n caceae ( mesic) ; elevation 455-2000 meters. 560D, 576A, 576D, 592B, 593A, 593D,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
595A, 595D, 61 0B, 61 1 A, 6 1 1 B, 6 1 1 D,
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. 6 1 2A, 628A, 628B, 628C, 629B, 629C,
I m perial?, Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Need local ity i nformation . Confused with 646C, 647D, 662B, 679C
Barbara, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, j. tenuis.
Ventura; Arizona?, Baja Cali forn ia, and Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­
elsewhere ows and seeps, valley and foothi l l grass­
Juncus duranii Ewan land, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
Coastal du nes (mesic), meadows and elevation 35- 1 020 meters.
seeps (alkaline seeps), marshes and " Du ran's rush" J u n caceae
swamps (coastal salt); elevation 3-900 Annual herb, blooms March-May.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
meters. Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard ino Threatened by development, industrial
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms forestry, and agriculture. See Leaflets of
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Western Botany 5: 1 1 3 ( 1 948) for original
May-J u ne. ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Threatened by urban ization and flood ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 800-2750 Botanical Carden 39:46-5 1 ( 1 986) for
control. meters. revised treatment.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Juncus acutus var. sphaerocarpos J u ly-August.
Juncus marginatus Rostkov var.
Seejuncus acutus ssp. leopoldii marginatus
Juncus falcatus var. falcatus
" red-anthered rush" J u ncaceae
Juncus articulatus Considered but rejected: too common
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Considered but rejected: too common
Nevada; Arizona, and elsewhere
Juncus hemiendytus F.J . H erm . var.
541 B
Juncus bufonius var. congdonii abjectus (F.J . Herm . ) B. Ertter
Marshes and swamps; elevation 1 000
Considered but rejected: a synonym of). "Center Basin rush " J u ncaceae meters.
bufonius var. congestus; a common taxon List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Nevada, Plu mas, July.
Juncus chlorocephalus Shasta, Sierra, Tulare, Tuolumne; Idaho,
Distribution poorly documented; to be
Considered but rejected: too common Nevada, Oregon
expected elsewhere i n California.
Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 400-3400
meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 93

Juncus mertensianus var. duranii Kallstroemia californica Meadows and seeps ( mesic), vernal
Seejuncus duranii Considered but rejected: too common pools; elevation 1 5-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Juncus nodosus L. Kobresia bellardii (Al l . ) Degl. Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
and grazing. See Bulletin ofthe California
"knotted rush" J u ncaceae "seep kobresia" Cyperaceae Academy ofSciences 2( 6): 1 5 1 ( 1 887) for
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 original descri ption, and Americanjournal
I nyo, San Bernard i no, Tu lare; and Mono; Idaho, Oregon, a n d elsewhere ofBotany 56(9): 1 042-1 047 ( 1 969) for
elsewhere 434C, 434D, 471 D i nformation on origin and relationships.
249D, 325C, 41 2 D Alpine boulder and rock field ( mesic),
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes meadows and seeps (carbonate), sub­ Lasthenia conjugens Greene
and swamps (lake margins); elevation alpine coniferous forest; elevation "Contra Costa goldfields" Asteraceae
1 1 30-1 980 meters. 2955-3230 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Federal Endangered
J uly-Septem ber. August.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mendoci no*,
Need quads for Tu lare County. Known in California only from two occur­ Monterey, Napa, Santa Barbara*, Santa
rences. On review list in Idaho, and Clara*, Solano
endangered in Oregon. See Madrano
Juncus regelii Buch. 1 42A*, 1 43A* , 366D, 427B, 427D*,
1 7( 4):93-1 09 ( 1 964) and 40( 1 ):66-67
" Regel's rush " J u ncaceae ( 1 993) for fi rst and second California 447D*, 463C*, 465A*, 48 1 B, 481 D,
reports respectively. 482A, 482C, 483A, 498C, 499 B*,
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
499C* , 499D, 500D, 5 1 7D*, 537B*
Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Oregon, Washington,
and elsewhere Cismontane woodland , playas (alkaline),
Kobresia myosuroides valley and footh i l l grassland, vernal
667C, 738C, 738D See Kobresia bellardii pools / mesic; elevation 0-470 meters.
Meadows and seeps, upper montane Annual herb, blooms March-June.
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc. ssp.
760-1 900 meters. Known from approximately twelve occur­
tenuispina ( Kearn . & Peebles) E. rences. Many historical occurrences extir­
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms Murray pated by development and agricu lture;
August. also threatened by overgrazing and non­
"crown-of-thorns" Koeberl in i aceae
native plants. See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 1 ( 1 888)
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 for original description.
Juncus supiniformis Enge l m .
Imperial; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico), and
"hair-leaved rush" J u n caceae elsewhere
List 2 / RED 2-2-2 Lasthenia coronaria
1 2 B, 27A, 2 7B, 42C, 43D
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­ Considered but rejected : too common
Riparian wood land, Sonoran desert
gon, and elsewhere
scrub; elevation 1 50-5 1 0 meters.
569A, 569D
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-Ju ly.
Lasthenia ferrisiae Orn d .
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps "Ferris's gol d fields" Asteraceae
Known in California from fewer than ten
( freshwater) / near coast; elevation List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
occurrences. Threatened by m i n i ng.
20- 1 00 meters.
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Fresno, Kings, Kern, Merced, Monterey,
April-J u ne. Lagophylla minor San Benito, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo,
Need quads for Del Norte and Humboldt Considered but rejected: too common Solano, Stanislaus, Tu lare, Ventura, Yolo
counties. See Transactions ofthe Academy of Vernal pools (alkal i ne, clay); elevation
Science ofSt. Louis 2 :461 ( 1 868) for origi­ Larrea tridentata var. arenaria 20-700 meters.
nal descri ption. Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. Annual herb, blooms February-May.
tridentata; a common taxon Threatened by development and agricul­
Juncus tenuis var. dudleyi ture. See University ofCalifornia Publications
Seejuncus dudleyi Lasthenia burkei (Greene) Greene in Botany 40:74 ( 1 966) for original
description.
" Bu rke's goldfields" Asteraceae
Juniperus communis var. jackii List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Considered but rejected : a synonym of). State Endangered/Federal
communis; a common taxon Endangered
Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma
J uniperus communis var. montana 502A, 5 1 8A, 5 1 8D, 533A, 533B, 550B
Considered but rejected: a synonym of).
communis; a common taxon
1 94 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Lasthenia glabrata Li n d i . ssp. Lasthenia leptalea (Gray) Ornduff Lathyrus biflorus T.W. Nelson & J . P.
coulteri (Gray) Ornduff "Sal i n as Valley goldfield s" Asteraceae N elson
"Cou lter's goldfields" Asteraceae List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 "two-flowered pea" Fabaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-3-2 Kern, Monterey, San Luis Obispo List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Kern * , Los Angeles*, Orange, Riverside, Cismontane woodland, valley and Hu mboldt
Santa Barbara, San Bernardino*, San foothi ll grassland; elevation 60-1 065 634A
Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa meters.
Island, Tulare?, Ventura; Baja California Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
Annual herb, blooms Apri l . pentinite ); elevation 1 3 70-1 385 meters.
1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36B, 36D, SOB, See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
68C, 68D, 69A, 7 1 B*, 71 0, 72A*, 84C?, Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Arts and Sciences 6:546 ( 1 865) for original
85A, 85C, 85D, 86B, 88C*, 89A*, 89D*, Known from only one occurrence on Red
descri ption, and University ofCalifornia
90A*, 90B*, 90D*, 1 02A*, 1 1 0A*, Mtn. in the Lassies area. Threatened by
Publications in Botany 40:63-66 ( 1 969) for
1 1 0B*, 1 1 4B, 1 1 4D, 1 41 0, 1 42A, 1 42B, logging and grazi ng. See Brittonia 35(2):
revised nomenclature.
1 43A, 1 7 1 A, 2 1 2A*, 2 1 2B*, 2 1 2C*, 1 80-1 83 ( 1 983) for original description.
2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 247D, SROE, SRON
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt), Lasthenia macrantha (Gray) Greene Lathyrus delnorticus CL H itchc.
playas, vernal pools; elevation 1 -1 220 ssp. bakeri U T H owell) Ornd.
meters. " Del Norte pea" Fabaceae
" Baker's goldfi elds" Asteraceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Known to have decli ned significantly by Mendocino, Marin , Sonoma*
1 966; seriously threatened by urbaniza­ Lower montane coniferous forest, North
502A*, 502C*, 5030*, 520D*, 537B, Coast coniferous forest / often serpenti­
tion and agricultural development. Does 537C, 537D* , 553A* , 569A, 569D
plant occur in Tulare County? See Synopti­ nite; elevation 30-1 450 meters.
cal Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2):324 ( 1 884) Closed-cone coniferous forest (open­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
for original description, and University of i ngs), coastal scrub; elevation 60-520
California Publications in Botany 40: 1 -92 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms April-October.
Lathyrus glandulosus Broich
( 1 966) for taxonomic treatment.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 :7 ( 1 932) "sticky pea" Fabaceae
for original description, and University of List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
CalifOrnia Publications in Botany 40:62 Humboldt, Mendocino
( 1 966) for revised nomenclature. Cismontane woodland ; elevation
300-800 meters.
Lasthenia macrantha (Gray) Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Greene ssp. macrantha April-J u ne.
"pere n n ial goldfields" Asteraceae See Madrano 33(2): 1 36-1 43 ( 1 986) for
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 original descri ption.
Mendocino, Marin, San Luis Obispo, San
Mateo, Sonoma Lathyrus hitchcockianus
2 72A, 409B, 485B, 485C, 502C, 503A, Considered but rejected: not in Cal iforn ia
503D, 520D, 537B, 53 7C, 537D, 552C,
5 53A, 569A, 5690 Lathyrus japonicus Wi l l d .
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal du nes,
"sand pea" Fabaceae
coastal scrub; elevation 5-520 meters.
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Peren nial herb, bloomsJanuary­
Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon , Washing­
November.
ton, and elsewhere
Threatened by non-native plants. See
672C, 689A, 723B, 740C
Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition 4: 1 06
( 1 857) for original description, Manual of Coastal dunes; elevation 1 -30 meters.
the Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay, Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
p. 205 ( 1 894) by E.L. Greene for revised May-August.
nomenclature, and University ofCalifornia Threatened by non-native plants and
Publications in Botany 40:59-62 ( 1 966) for veh icles.
taxonomic treatment.

Lasthenia minor ssp. maritima

Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
maritima; a common taxon
Lasthenia glabrata
ssp. coulteri
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 95

Lathyrus jepsonii Greene var. Lathyrus sulphureus Gray var. SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTN, SCTW
jepsonii argillaceus j eps . Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 5-220
meters.
" Delta tu le pea" Fabaceae " d u bious pea" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 3 / RED 3-?-3 Shrub (evergreen), blooms
l May-September.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Sacra­ Nevada?, Placer, Shasta, Tehama
mento, Santa Clara*, San Joaci u i n , Known from approxi mately ten native
527A, 6300, 647C occurrences. Feral herbivores removed
Solano
Cismontane woodland , lower montane from San Clemente Island; possi bly sti l l a
427A* , 428A* , 428B*, 446C, 462A, coniferous forest, u pper montane conif­ threat on Santa Catalina Island . See L.
462B, 463A, 465A* , 465B*, 479B, erous forest; elevation 1 50-305 meters. assurgentif/ora in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­
479C, 480B, 480C, 480D, 48 1 B, 481 C,
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l . ceedings ofa Multidisciplinary Symposium: The
481 D, 482A, 482C, 482D, 483A, 496C,
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
California Islands, pp. 1 57-1 58 ( 1 980) for
497C, 497D, 498C, 498D, 500D
original descri ption.
Marshes and swamps (freshwater and endangerment i nformation needed; does
brackish ); elevation 0-4 meters. plant occur in Nevada County? Fewer
than ten specimens exist i n California Layia carnosa ( N utt. ) T. & G.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-September. herbaria. Taxonomy poorly understood ;
Most populations smal l . Threatened by "beach layia" Asteraceae
see L. sulphureus in TheJepson Manual. See
agriculture, water d iversions, and ero­ Flora ofCalifornia 2( 1 ):393 ( 1 936) by W.L. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
sion. See Pittonia 2 : 1 58 ( 1 890) for origi­ Jepson for original descri ption. State Endangered/Federal
nal description. Endangered
Lathyrus vestitus var. alefeldii Humboldt, Monterey, Marin, Santa Bar­
Lathyrus palustris L. bara*, San Francisco*
Considered but rejected: too common
1 71 A, 1 71 C* , 366C, 466C* , 485B,
"marsh pea" Fabaceae
485C, 485D, 6370, 654B, 655A, 672A*,
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Lathyrus vestitus var. ochropetalus 672B, 672C, 689D*, 706D
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon, Washi ng­ Considered but rejected: too common Coastal du nes, coastal scrub (sandy);
ton , and elsewhere
elevation 0-60 meters.
6 1 8D, 672C, 689A, 689C, 723B, 740B, Lavatera assurgentiflora Kel l . ssp. An nual herb, blooms March-July.
740C
assurgentiflora Threatened by coastal development, vehi­
Bogs and fens, coastal prarie, coastal
"island mallow" Malvaceae cles, and non-native plants. Protected i n
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest,
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 part a t Manila Dunes ACEC and Mattole
marshes and swamps, North Coast
Beach ACEC ( both BLM), Humboldt
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, San
County.
1 - 1 00 meters. Nicolas Islan d * , Santa Rosa Island
Perennial herb, blooms March-August. ANAC, SM IW, SNIC*, SRON
Layia chrysanthemoides ssp.
See University of Washington Publications in Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub / sandy
Botany 1 5 : 1 3 ( 1 9 5 2 ) for taxonomic or rocky; elevation 1 5-245 meters.
maritima
treatment. Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March­
chrysanthemoides; a common ta.xon
November.
Lathyrus rigid us White Known from fewer than ten native occur­
rences. Rare at all occurrences, and seri­ Layia discoidea ( Keck) Keck
"rigid pea" Fabaceae
ously threatened by grazing; reduced to "rayless layia" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
one plant on Anacapa Island. One occur­ List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon rence introduced on San Miguel Island
Fresno, San Benito
673A, 708D, 724C, 725D (SMIE); cultivated plants grow on San
Nicolas Island but native occurrence extir­ 339B, 339C, 339D, 340D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland / often disturbed areas; pated . May not be native to Santa Rosa Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
elevation 800-1 525 meters. Island; plants on mainland, Santa Cruz montane coniferous forest / serpentin ite,
Island, and Todos Santos Island. ( BA) talus and alluvial terraces; elevation
Perennial herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
most likely planted. See L. assurgentif/ora i n 795-1 585 meters.
Threatened by grazi ng. See Bulletin ofthe TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofa Multi­ Annual herb, blooms May.
Torrey Botanical Club 2 1 :455 ( 1 894) for disciplinary Symposium: The California Islands,
original description. pp. 1 57-1 58 ( 1 980) for species account. Threatened by vehicles, and possibly by
alteration of fire regimes. Simi lar to L.
glandulosa. See Aliso 4: 1 0 1 -1 04 ( 1 9 58) for
Lathyrus splendens Kel l . Lavatera assurgentiflora Kel l . ssp. original description .
"pride-of-California" Fabaceae glabra Phil brick
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 "southern island mal low" Malvaceae
San Diego; Baja Californ ia List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Chaparral; elevation 200-1 525 meters. San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J une. Island
1 96 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Layia heterotricha ( DC.) H. & A. Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
grassland (alkaline clay); elevation cismontane woodland; elevation
"pale-yel low layia" Asteraceae 1 50-700 meters. 555-1 3 70 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Ann ual herb, blooms March-April. Shrub, blooms April-J u ly.
Fresno, Kings*, Kern* , Monterey, Santa
Barbara, San Benito( * ? ), San Lu is Obis- Historical occurrences need field surveys. Known in California from fewer than ten
po*, Ventura Similar to L. jonesii and L. leucopappa. occurrences. Threatened by development.
1 65A, 1 65B(*?), 1 66A( * ? ) , 1 66B*,
1 66D*, 1 90C* , 1 90D(*?), 1 9 1 C, 1 9 1 0, Layia septentrionalis Keck Lepechinia fragrans (Greene) Epl.
1 92C, 2 1 1 C* , 2 1 2A*, 2 1 2B*, 2 1 2D*, "Colusa layia" Asteraceae "fragrant pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
2 1 7D*, 243A* , 243B*, 244C* , 244D * ,
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
267B* , 2 9 1 B*, 294B* , 294C* , 295D,
3 1 5A*, 3 1 5C*, 3 1 8A( * ?), 3 1 8B*, 338B, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendoci no, Napa, Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
338C, 339D, 340C*, 362D( * ? ) Sonoma, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura?
Cismontane woodland, pinyon and 5 0 1 A* , 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6D, 5 1 7A, Chaparral; elevation 20- 1 3 1 0 meters.
j u n i per woodland, valley and foothi l l 5 3 1 B, 532A, 532D, 533A, 533B, 534A, Shrub, blooms March-October.
grassland / alkal ine or clay; elevation 534B, 534D, 535A, 535D, 545A, 546D,
547C, 548A, 548C, 548D, 549C, 549D, Known in the Santa Monica Mtns. from
300-1 600 meters. near Tri unfo Pass, and may cross into
550D, 564A, 564D, 596B
Annual herb, blooms March-June. Ventura Cou nty. Threatened in the Santa
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley Monica Mtns. by urbanization; threat­
Recent searches of h istorical occu rrences and foothi l l grassland / sandy, serpenti­
were largely u nsuccessful. Threatened by ened in the San Gabriel Mtns. by fire
nite; elevation 1 00- 1 095 meters. management and habitat alteration.
agricultural conversion and previous con­
struction of San Antonio Reservoir, and Annual herb, blooms April-May.
possibly by overgrazing. H istorical occurrences need field surveys. Lepechinia ganderi Epl.
Threatened by development. See Aliso
4( 1 ) : 1 06 ( 1 958) for original descri ption. "Gander's pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
Layia jonesii Gray List 1 8 / RED 3 - 1 -2
"Jones's layia" Asteraceae San Diego; Baja Cal iforn ia
Layia ziegleri
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0 D
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo platyglossa; a common taxon Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
22 1 B, 246C, 246D, 247A, 247B, 247D, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
294B, 366C land / gabbroic or metavolcan ic;
Legenere limosa (Greene) McVaugh elevation 305- 1 005 meters.
Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
clay or serpentin ite; elevation 5-400 "legenere" Campanu laceae Shrub, blooms J une-J uly.
meters. List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
Annual herb, blooms March-May. Lake, Napa, Placer, Sacramento, Shasta, occurrences.
San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma*, Stanis­
Need current i nformation on distribution laus*, Tehama
and rarity. Lepidium flavum Torr. var. felipense
428C, 460C* , 48 1 B, 483A, 495A, 496A,
496B, 4960, 498C*, 498D, 499 D*, C.L. H itchc.
Layia leucopappa Keck 501 D*, 502A, 5 1 1 C, 5 1 2B, 5 1 2 D, 5 28D, " Borrego Val ley pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
"Comanche Point layia" Asteraceae 533C, 534A, 595A, 61 0C, 628B, 628D List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Vernal pools; elevation 1 -880 meters. San Diego
Kern Annual herb, blooms April-J une. 20A?, 32B, 32C, 33A, 47C
2 1 3C, 2 1 4A, 2 1 4C*, 2 1 4D, 2 1 5D, 239D Many historical occurrences extirpated . Pinyan and ju niper woodland, Sonoran
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l Threatened b y grazing and development. desert scrub / sandy; elevation 455-840
grassland; elevation 1 00-350 meters. See Pittonia 2:81 ( 1 890) for original meters.
description, North American Flora 32(1 ) : Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l . 1 3-1 4 ( 1 943) for revised nomenclature,
Reduced b y agriculture; also threatened and Wasmannjournal ofBiolol)I 3 3 ( 1 -2 ):9 1 Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
by development and grazing. ( 1 975) for distributional information. Threatened by veh icles. See Madrano 3(7):
299 ( 1 936) for original description.
Layia munzii Keck Lembertia congdonii
See Monolopia congdonii
Lepidium jaredii Bdg. ssp. album
" M u nz's tidy-tips" Asteraceae
Hoov.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kern, San Lu is Obispo Lepechinia cardiophylla Epl. " Panache pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
1 92A, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 243C, 244A, 264A* , "heart-leaved pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
265A* , 265B, 265C, 265D, 268A, 337A, Fresno, San Benito, San Luis Obispo
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
359C, 360B, 360C, 38 1 C, 383D 267B, 336A* , 338B*, 339A, 339B,
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­
340A, 362A*, 3620*
fornia
2 1 B, 69B, 70A, 87C, 87D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 97

Valley and foothill grassland (alluvial Need historical quads for Santa Barbara Known from only five occurrences i n the
fans, washes); elevation 1 85-275 meters. Cou nty. Does plant occur in Monterey or Big Bear Valley area. Threatened by devel­
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne. San Luis Obispo counties? Threatened by opment and carbonate m i n i ng. See Fre­
erosion and feral herbivores on Santa montia 1 6( 1 ):20-21 ( 1 988) for d iscussion
Threatened by gravel m i n i ng and cattle Cruz Island See Madrano 3( 7):265-320 of m i n i ng threats.
grazing. Not in TheJepson Manual. See ( 1 936) for taxonomic treatment.
Leaffets of Western Botany 1 0:345 ( 1 966)
for original description. Lessingia arachnoidea Greene
Lepidospartum squamatum var. "Crystal Springs lessi ngia" Asteraceae
Lepidium jaredii Bdg. ssp. jaredii palmeri List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.

!
"Jared's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae San Mateo, Sonoma?
squamatum; a common taxon
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 429A, 448C, 448D, 502B?, 5 1 8C?
Kern, San Luis Obispo Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, val­
Leptochloa filiformis ley and foothill grassland / serpentin ite,
2 1 7C, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8B, 267A, 269A* Considered but rejected: not native i n often roadsides; elevation 60-200 meters.
Val ley and foothill grassland (alkaline, California
adobe); elevation 335-1 005 meters. Annual herb, blooms July-October.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May. Known only from seven occurrences near
Leptodactylon californicum H. & A Crystal Spri ngs Reservoir (San Mateo
Known only from near Soda Lake on the ssp. tomentosum Gord o n County); occurrences from Sonoma
Carrizo Plain (San Luis Obispo County) County ( 502B, 5 1 8C) need taxonomic
and Devil's Den ( Kern County). "fuzzy prickly phlox" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
verification. Threatened by non-native
plants. See Leaffets ofBotanical Observation
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Criticism 2:29 ( 1 9 1 0) for original
Lepidium latipes Hook. var.
heckardii Rol l . Coastal d u nes; elevation 1 -30 meters. descri ption.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March­
" Heckard's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae August.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Lessingia germanorum Cham .
See L. californicum in TheJepson Manual. See
Glenn, Solano, Yolo "San Francisco lessingia" Asteraceae
Madrano 37(1 ): 28-42 ( 1 990) for origi nal
497C, 498D, 5 1 3B, 51 3C, 530C, 562B List 18 / RED 3-3-3
description and discussion.
Valley and footh ill grassland (alkaline State Endangered/Federal
flats); elevation 1 0-200 meters. Endangered
Leptodactylon jaegeri ( M u nz)
Annual herb, blooms March-May. San Francisco, San Mateo
Wherry
See Harvard Papers in Botany 4:47 448B, 466C
"San Jacinto prickly phlox" Polemoniaceae
( 1 993) for original description. Coastal scrub (remnant du nes); elevation
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 25-90 meters.
Riverside
Lepidium latipes var. latipes Annual herb, blooms June-Novem ber.
83C
Considered but rejected : too common Known from only four occurrences at the
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Presidio (San Francisco Cou nty), and one
tane coniferous forest / granitic, rocky; on San Bru no Mtn. (San Mateo County).
Lepidium nitidum var. howellii elevation 2 1 95-3050 meters. Populations i ncreasing 1 994- 1 998 due
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. Perennial herb, bloomsJ uly-September. to restoration efforts. Much reduced by
nitidum; a common taxon Known from fewer than twenty occur­ u rbanization; also threatened by base­
rences in the San Jacinto Mtns. closure activities, tram pling, sand quarry­
Lepidium virginicum L. var. i ng, and non-native plant.
robinsonii (The I I . ) H itchc. Lesquerella bernardina
Lessingia germanorum var. tenuis
" Robi nson's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae See Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
See Lessingia tenuis
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Lesquerella kingii (Wats. ) Wats.
Barbara*, San Bernardi no, Santa Cruz Lessingia glandulifera Gray var.
ssp. bernardina ( M u nz) M u nz
Island, San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia tomentosa (Greene) Ferris
BC, 1 1 B, 34D, 71 B, 87D, 88C, 1 08C, "San Bernard ino Mou ntains bladderpod"
Brassicaceae "Warner Springs lessingia" Asteraceae
1 09A, 1 1 0A, 1 60D, SCZB, SCZC List 1 8 / RED 2- 1 -3
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation San Diego
1 -500 meters. Federal Endangered
San Bernardino 33A, 33B, 48C
Ann ual herb, bloomsJanuary-J uly.
1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0 Chaparral (sandy); elevation 870-1 220
meters.
Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon
and j u niper woodland / usually carbon­ Annual herb, blooms August-October.
ate; elevation 1 850-2700 meters.
Peren n ial herb, blooms May-June.
1 98 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Lessingia hololeuca Greene Annual herb, blooms J une-October. Threatened by horticultural collecting
Known from only four occurrences in the and road mai ntenance. Does not i nclude
"woolly-headed lessingia" Asteraceae L. serrata. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
Mt. Tamalpais area. See Lea�ets ofBotani­
List 3 / RED ?-?-3 3(6): 1 39 ( 1 942) for original d esc ri ptio n ,
cal Observation and Criticism 2 : 28 ( 1 9 1 0)
Alameda, Monterey, Marin, Napa, Santa for original description, and University of and Fremontia 25( 1 ): 1 5-1 9 ( 1 997) for
Clara, San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma, Yolo California Publications in Botany 1 6:39-40 genetic study of relationship to L. serrata.
3 1 7D, 364B, 365A, 406D, 407B, 408B?, ( 1 929) for taxonomic treatment.
427A, 428B, 428C?, 429A, 448C, 448D Lewisia congdonii ( Ryd b. ) J .T.
466B?, 467A, 48 1 B, 483A, 483C, 484A, Howel l
484C, 484D, 485A, 5 0 1 A, 502B, 503A,
Lessingia occidentalis ( H all) M .A.
503B, 5 1 4A, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7D Lane "Congdon's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
Broad leaved upland forest, coastal scrub, "western lessingia" Asteraceae List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
lower montane coniferous forest, valley List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 State Rare
and foothill grassland / clay, serpentinite; Fresno, Monterey, San Benito Fresno, Mariposa
elevation 1 5-305 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal 375C, 437C, 438A
Ann ual herb, blooms June-October. scrub, valley and foothil l grassland / clay Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Move to List 4? Need location, rarity, or serpentinite; elevation 450-850 meters. montane coniferous forest, u pper mon­
and endangerment information . Proba­ Annual herb, blooms May-November. tane coniferous forest / granitic or meta­
bly more widespread in the southern morphic, rocky, mesic; elevation
See Novon 2(3): 2 1 3-2 1 4 ( 1 992) for
Sacramento Valley, southern North 500-2800 meters.
revised nomenclature.
Coast Ranges, and northern San Fran­
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
cisco Bay. Possibly threatened by graz­
i ng. See Flora Franciscana, p. 377 ( 1 897) Lessingia tenuis (Gray) Cov. Known from approximately six occur­
by E. Greene for origi nal descri ption, rences in the canyons of the Kings and
"spring lessingia" Asteraceae Merced rivers. See North American Flora
and University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 1 6:40 ( 1 929) for taxonomic List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 2 1 :328 ( 1 932) for original description ,
treatment. Alameda, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San and Fremontia 2 5 ( 1 ): 1 5- 1 9 ( 1 997) for
Luis Obispo, Ventura genetic study of relationship to L. can­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower telovii and L. serrata.
Lessingia lemmonii var. peirsonii
montane coniferous forest / openi ngs;
Considered but rejected: too com mon
elevation 300-2 1 50 meters. Lewisia cotyledon var. cotyledon
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. Considered but rejected: too common
Lessingia micradenia var.
arachnoidea Lewisia brachycalyx Gray Lewisia cotyledon var. fimbriata
See Lessingia arachnoidea
"short-sepaled lewisia" Portu lacaceae Considered but rejected : not publ ished
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 and taxonomic problem
Lessingia micradenia Greene var.
San Bernardi no, San Diego; Arizona,
glabrata ( Keck) Ferris Baja California, New Mexico, Utah, and Lewisia cotyledon (Wats. ) Rob. var.
"smooth lessi ngia" Asteraceae elsewhere heckneri ( Mort.) M u nz
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 20A, 33A, 1 05A, 1 3 1 D " H eckner's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
Santa Clara Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ List 18 / RED 2-2-3
406B, 406C, 406D, 407A, 407B, 407D, ows and seeps / mesic; elevation H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Trin ity
408C 1 370-2300 meters.
650A, 650B, 659B, 667B, 667C, 668A,
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / ser­ Perennial herb, blooms February-J une. 668B, 668D, 669C, 683C, 684C, 685D,
pentinite, often roadsides; elevation See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of 703C, 720A, 737B, 737C, 738D
1 20-420 meters. Arts and Sciences 7:400 ( 1 868) for original Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky);
Ann ual herb, bloomsJuly-November. descri ption. elevation 225-2 1 00 meters.
Known from only eleven occurrences. See Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Aliso 4 : 1 05 ( 1 958) for original descrip­ Lewisia cantelovii J .T. H owel l
tion, and Contributions from the Dudley Range overlaps with other varieties; iden­
Herbarium 5: 1 0 1 ( 1 958) for revised "Cantelow's lewisia" Portu lacaceae tification difficu lt.
nomenclature. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Nevada, Plu mas, Shasta, Sierra Lewisia cotyledon (Wats. ) Rob. var.
Lessingia micradenia Greene var. 557A, 557B, 5 57C, 558C, 558D, 573D, howellii (Wats. ) Jeps.
574D, 5 75A, 589C, 590D, 5 9 1 A, 59 1 C,
micradenia 591 D, 606C, 607D, 665A, 665B " Howe l l 's lewisia" Portulacaceae
"Tamalpais lessingia" Asteraceae List 3 / RED 2-2-2
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3 cismontane wood land , lower montane Del Norte, H u mboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Mari n coniferous forest / mesic, granitic, some­ Tri nity; Oregon
467A, 467B times serpentinite seeps; elevation
385- 1 3 70 meters.
Chaparral, valley and footh i l l grassland /
usually serpentinite, often roadsides; Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
elevation 1 00-500 meters.
 C N P S I N V E NTO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 99

666B, 669B, 669C, 68 1 C, 681 D, 683D, Alpine bou lder and rock field , subalpine Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
687C, 701 C, 702C, 703B, 703C, 704D, coniferous forest ( mesic, rocky) / montane coniferous forest / gravel ly,
71 7B, 71 9A, 71 9B, 71 9 D, 720A, 720B, granitic; elevation 2500-2925 meters. sometimes serpentinite; elevation
720C, 72 1 A, 721 C, 72 1 D, 734C, 735A, Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. 1 600-2050 meters.
735B, 735D, 736A, 736C, 73 6D, 737A, Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
737B, 737C, 737D, 738D Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly threatened by horticu l­ Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, tural collecting. I nterim management rences. Threatened by ti m ber and range
cismontane woodland, lower montane gu idelines prepared by the USFS in 1 992. management activities, road mai nte­
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation See Contributions from the U.S. National nance, vehicles, and horticultural collect­
1 50-201 0 meters. Herbarium 1 6:207 ( 1 9 1 8) for original i ng. See Four Seasons 2(4) : 1 2-1 4 ( 1 968)
Peren n ial herb, blooms April-J uly. descri ption. for original descri ption.
Move to List 4? Taxonomic problems.
Identification difficult. On watch list i n Lewisia oppositifolia (Wats. ) Rob. Leymus salinus Uones) A. Love ssp.
Oregon. See Proceedings ofthe American mojavensis Barkworth & R.J . Atki ns
Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 3 : 262 ( 1 888) "opposite-leaved lewisia" Portu lacaceae
for original description. Llst 2 I RED 2-2-1 " h i llside wheat grass" Poaceae
Del Norte; Oregon List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Lewisia disepala Ryd b. 739A, 739B, 739C, 739D, 740A, 740D I nyo, San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho,
Lower montane coniferous forest Wyoming, and elsewhere
"Yosemite lewisia" Portulacaceae
(mesic); elevation 300-1 220 meters. 2 2 5 0, 2490
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. Pinyon and jun iper wood land ( rocky);
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
Threatened by logging and min ing. Cali­ elevation 1 350-2 1 35 meters.
259A, 283C, 284D, 307B, 308D, 397D,
fornia plants possibly hybrids with L. Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
41 6B, 41 7A, 41 7D, 43 7A, 437B, 454C,
nevadensis. On watch l ist i n Oregon . See May-J une.
455D
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts Need q uads for I nyo County. See Ameri­
Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon and Sciences 20:355 ( 1 885) for original canjournal ofBotany 7 1 ( 5):621 ( 1 984) for
and j u n i per woodland, upper montane descri ption. original description.
coniferous forest / granitic, sandy;
elevation 1 340-3500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J une.
Lewisia pygmaea ssp. longipetala Lilaeopsis masonii Math . & Const.
See Lewisia longipetala
Threatened by vehicles and logging. See " Mason's l i laeopsis" Apiaceae
North American Flora 21 :328 ( 1 93 2 ) for Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3
original description, and Madrofio 37( 1 ): Lewisia serrata Heckard & Steb. State Rare
63 ( 1 990) for first Kern County record . "saw-toothed lewisia" Portulacaceae Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Sacra­
Llst 1 B / RED 3-3-3 mento, San Joaq u i n , Solano
Lewisia kelloggii K. Brandegee ssp. El Dorado, Placer 462B, 462C, 463A, 463D, 479B, 479C,
hutchisonii Dem pster 524C, 524D, 525A, 525D, 540C, 540D 479D, 480A, 480B, 480C, 480D, 48 1 B,
" H u tchison's lewisia" Portu lacaceae 481 C, 481 D, 482A, 482C, 482D, 483A,
Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
483D, 496C, 497C, 498D, 500D
List 3 / RED ?- 1 -3 tane con iferous forest, riparian scrub;
Butte, Plumas, Sierra elevation 900-1 435 meters. Marshes and swamps ( brackish or fresh­
water), riparian scrub; elevation 0-1 0
572C, 573A, 589D, 607C Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
meters.
Upper montane coniferous forest (open­ Known from approximately ten occur­
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
i ngs, slate); elevation 1 800-2 1 35 meters. rences. Threatened by horticultural col­
Apri l-November.
lecting and small hydroelectric power
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Locally common in Suisun Bay. Threat­
projects. See L. cantelovii in TheJepson Man­
Move to List 1 B? Referred to u nder L. kel­ ual. See Brittonia 26:305 ( 1 974) for origi­ ened by erosion, channel stabi l ization,
loggii in TheJepson Manual. Need distri bu­ nal description, and Fremontia 25(1 ) : development, Aood control projects,
tional i nformation. See Madrofio 43(3 ): 1 5-1 9 ( 1 997) fo r genetic study of rela­ recreation, agricu lture, shad ing resu lting
41 5 ( 1 996) for original description. tionship to L. cantelovii. from marsh succession, and com peti­
tion with non-native Eichhornia crassipes.
Many populations ephemeral, exploiting
Lewisia leana Lewisia sierrae newly deposited or exposed sed i ments.
Considered but rejected: too common Considered but rejected: too common; a Development of com prehensive man­
synonym of L. pygmaea agement plan d i fficult due to large num­
Lewisia longipetala ( Pi per) Clay ber of poorly coord i n ated plan n i ng
Lewisia stebbinsii Gan kin & efforts. Collection from Ch icken Ranch
"long-petaled lewisia" Portu lacaceae Beach, Marin County. ( 485D) is proba­
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3 H i ldreth bly L. occidentalis. See Madrofio 24( 2 ) : 8 1
El Dorado, Fresno, N evad a , Placer "Stebbi ns's lewisia" Portulacaceae ( 1 977) for original descri ption.
394B, 523B, 523C, 523D, 539A, 555A, List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
555D Mendoci no, Tri nity
58 1 B, 581 C, S89A, 6 1 3C
200 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Lilium bolanderi Wats. Lower montane coniferous forest, North Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
Coast con iferous forest / openi ngs, road­ pitkinense ( Beane & Vol l mer) M .
" Bolander's l i ly" Li l iaceae sides; elevation 3-1 300 meters.
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1 S ki n ner
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon J u ne-August. " Pitkin Marsh l i ly" Li liaceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Endangered in Oregon. See Garden 59:330
forest I serpentinite; elevation 30-1 600 ( 1 901 ) for original description. State Endangered/Federal
meters. Endangered
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Sonoma
J u ne-J u ly.
Lilium maritimum Kel l .
502A, 502D
Hybrid izes with L. pardalinum sspp., L. "coast l i ly" Li l i aceae
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
rubescens, and L. washingtonianum ssp. pur­ List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
seeps, marshes and swamps (freshwater) /
purascens. See Proceedings ofthe American Mendoci no, Marin , San Francisco?*, San mesic, sandy; elevation 35-65 meters.
Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:377 ( 1 885) Mateo* , Sonoma
for original descri ption. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
448D*, 485C, 520B, 520D, 537A, 537B, J u n e-J uly.
537C, 537D, 552B, 553A, 568B, 568C,
568D, 569A, 569D, 585A, 585D Known from only two occurrences near
Lilium fairchildii Sebastopol. Most of marsh habitat has
See Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone been destroyed; also threatened by horti­
coniferous forest, coastal prarie, coastal cultural collecting, grazing, and competi­
scrub, marshes and swamps (freshwater), tion from other plants.
Lilium humboldtii Roezl & Leicht!. North Coast coniferous forest; elevation
ssp. humboldtii 5-335 meters.
" H u m boldt l i ly" Li liaceae Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3 May-J u ly. vollmeri ( Eastw. ) M. Ski n ner
Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Did this plant occur in San Francisco "Vollmer's lily" Liliaceae
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Nevada, Plac­ County? Populations along Highway 1 List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
er, Tehama, Tuolumne, Yuba routinely d isturbed by road maintenance; Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower also threatened by urbanization, horti­ Oregon
montane coniferous forest / openi ngs; cultural collecting, and habitat fragmen­
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
elevation 90-1 1 00 meters. tation. Hybridizes with L. pardalinum ssp.
( mesic); elevation 30-1 680 meters.
pardalinum. See Proceedings ofthe American
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Academy ofArts and Sciences 6: 1 40 ( 1 875) Perennial herb (bulbi ferous), blooms
May-J uly. for original description. J u ly-August.
Threatened by u rban ization. Forms hybrid swarms with ssp. wigginsii i n
Lilium occidentale Purdy western Siskiyou Cou nty. See Leaflets of
Lilium humboldtii Roezl & Leicht! . Western Botany 5 : 1 20- 1 22 ( 1 948) for
"western l i ly" Li liaceae original description.
ssp. ocellatum ( Ke l l . ) Thorne
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
"oce l l ated H u m boldt l i ly" Li liaceae State Endangered/Federal Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Endangered
wigginsii ( Beane & Vol l m er) M .
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange, Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernar­ S ki n ner
654B, 655A, 672C, 672D, 723B, 740C
d ino, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San "Wiggins's l i ly" Li liaceae
Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura Bogs and fens, coastal bl uff scrub,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
coastal prarie, coastal scrub, marshes
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
and swamps (freshwater), North Coast
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest
coniferous forest (openi ngs); elevation Bogs and fens, broadleaved u pland for­
riparian woodland / openings; elevatio �
/
2-1 85 meters. est, lower montane coni ferous forest
30-1 800 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms meadows and seeps, riparian scrub
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms mesic; elevation 48S-2000 meters.
June-July.
March-J uly.
Most California occurrences under DFG Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Threatened by development and horticul­ J u ne-August.
management or voluntarily protected by
tural collecting on the mainland , and by
landowners. Threatened by development, Forms hybrid swarms with ssp. vollmeri in
feral herbivores on Santa Cruz and Santa
herbivory, inappropriate grazing, vegeta­ western Siskiyou County. See Contributions
Rosa islands. Includes L. humboldtii var.
tion succession, and horticultural collect­ from the Dudley Herbarium 4(8):355 ( 1 955)
bloomerianum and L. fairchildii. See Proceed­ for original descri ption.
i ng. State-listed as Endangered i n Oregon.
ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences I
See Erythea 5: 1 03-1 05 ( 1 897) for original
5:88 ( 1 873) for original description.
description.
Lilium parryi Wats.
Lilium kelloggii Purdy "lemon l i ly" Liliaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
" Kel logg's l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardi no,
San Diego; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico)
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A NTS 201

20A*, 49C*, 49D, 65C, 666, 83C, 846,

84D, 1 046, 1 05A, 1 056, 1 05C, 1 05 D,
1 06A, 1 076, 1 086, 1 09A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D,
1 32 D, 1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35C, 1 35 D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, riparian scrub, upper
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 300-2620 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
July-August.
Most occurrences in Los Angeles County
are very small. Nearly extirpated from San
Diego County, where known from only a
few plants at Palomar Mtn. SP. Threatened
by horticultural collecting, water diversion,
and grazing. I ncludes L. parryi var. kessleri.
Angeles NF has adopted species manage­
ment guidelines. See Madrano 40( 4 ):270-
271 ( 1 993) for first Mexico record and dis­
tributional information.

Lilium parryi
202 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Lilium parryi var. kessleri Mendocino Limnanthes douglasii R. Br. ssp.

See Lilium parryi 550B, 567A, 583B, 598C, 599A sulphurea (C.T. Maso n ) C.T. Mason
Meadows and seeps, marshes and "Point Reyes meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae
Lilium pitkinense swamps (freshwater), valley and footh ill List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
grassland (vernally mesic), vernal pools;
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense State Endangered
elevation 1 75-9 1 0 meters.
Marin , San Mateo
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Lilium rubescens Wats. 409A, 485C
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
"redwood l ily" Li l i aceae rences. Threatened by development, graz­ Coastal prarie, meadows and seeps
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3 i ng, and road construction. See Leaflets of (mesic), marshes and swamps (freshwa­
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Western Botany 3(9) :206 ( 1 943 ) for origi­ ter), vernal pools; elevation 1 -1 40 meters.
Napa, Santa Cruz*, Shasta, Siskiyou, nal descri ption. Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Sonoma, Tri nity
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / sometimes
serpentinite; elevation 30- 1 7 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u n e-August.
I ncreasi ngly rare in southern portion of
range. Threatened by urbanization, hor­
ticultural col lection, and grazi ng. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 4:256 ( 1 879) for original
description.

Lilium vollmeri
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri

Lilium washingtonianum Kel l . ssp.

purpurascens (Stearn) M. S ki n ner
"pu rple-flowered Was h i ngton l i ly" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
D e l Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
often serpentin ite; elevation 70-2750
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-August.
Possibly threatened by logging and relat­
ed activities, but often abundant in dis­
turbed areas.

Lilium washingtonianum var.

mm us
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum; a
common taxon

Lilium wigginsii
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. wigginsii

Limnanthes bakeri Howe l l

" Baker's m eadowfoam" Limnanthaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 203

Known from approximately ten occur­ Limnanthes gracilis H owel l ssp. Linanthus acicularis Greene
rences. Threatened by grazing, trampl i ng, parishii U eps.) Beauch.
and non-native plants. See University of "bristly l i nanthus" Po lemon iaceae
California Publications in Botany 25:477 " Parish's m eadowfoam" Li m nanthaceae List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
( 1 952) for original description. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa?, Fresno,
Stat:e Endangered H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Marin,
Napa, San Mateo, Sonoma
Limnanthes floccosa H owel l ssp. Riverside, San Diego
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
bellingeriana ( Peck) Arroyo 1 9B, 1 9C, 20A, 33C, 33D, 49D, 69D
coastal prarie, valley and foothi l l grass­
" Bellinger's m eadowfoam " Li m nanthaceae Lower montane con iferous forest, mead­ land; elevation 55-1 500 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 ows and seeps, vernal pools / vernally
Ann ual herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
mesic; elevation 600-2000 meters.
Shasta; Oregon H istorical occu rrences need verification.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
646A, 679C, 679D Does plant occur i n Contra Costa Coun­
Threatened by altered hydrology, grazing, ty? See Pittonia 2:259 ( 1 892) for original
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps I mesic; elevation 290-1 1 00
and recreational development. Conserva­ descri ption.
tion activities occurring as of 1 997. See
meters.
Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):41 1 ( 1 936) by W.L.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. Jepson for original description, and Uni­ Linanthus ambiguus ( Rattan )
Known i n Cal ifornia from approximately versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany Greene
five occurrences near I ngot and Cayton 25:490 ( 1 952) for revised nomenclature.
" ser penti n e l i nanth us" Polemoniaceae
Creek. Cand idate for state l isting in Ore­
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
gon . See L. f/occosa ssp. floccosa in TheJep­
son Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biological
Limnanthes vinculans Ornduff Alameda, Contra Costa, Merced, San
Society of Washington 50:93-94 ( 1 937) for "Sebastopol meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae Benito, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
original description. List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 Joaquin, San Mateo, Stanislaus
State Endangered/Federal Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub,
valley and foothill grassland / usually ser­
Limnanthes floccosa H owel l ssp. Endangered
pentinite; elevation 1 20-1 1 30 meters.
californica Arroyo Napa?, Sonoma
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
"Butte Cou nty m eadowfoam" SOOA?, 501 B, 501 C, 502A, 502B*,
502D, 5 1 7B To be expected i n other adjacent coun­
Li mnanthaceae ties. See Botanical Gazette 1 1 :339 ( 1 886)
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Meadows and seeps, valley and foothi l l for original description.
grassland, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
State Endangered/Federal
elevation 1 5-305 meters.
Endangered
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May. Linanthus arenicola
Butte
Considered but rejected : too common
576C, 576D, 577A, 593C, 593D Only Napa County occurrence (500A)
may be introduced; protected in part at
Valley and foothi l l grassland ( mesic) , Napa River ER ( DFG). Threatened by Linanthus bellus (Gray) Green e
vernal pools; elevation 50-930 meters. urban ization, agricu lture, and grazing.
"desert beauty" Polemoniaceae
Annual herb, blooms March-May. See Brittonia 21 : 1 1 - 1 4 ( 1 969) for original
List 2 I RED 2- 1 - 1
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ description.
San Diego; Baja California
rences. Threatened by u rban ization,
road construction, grazi ng, non-native Limosella subulata Ives 7B, 8A, 8D, 1 9 D, 48A
plants, vehicles, and agricu lture. See Chaparral (sandy); elevation 1 000-1 400
Brittonia 25: 1 87 ( 1 973) for original " delta m udwort" Scrophu lariaceae meters.
description, and Conservation Biolog)' List 2 / RED 2-3-1
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
6(4): 549-558 ( 1 992) for field su rvey Contra Costa, Sacramento, San Joaquin,
and genetic informatio n . Solano; Oregon, and elsewhere
462A, 463A, 463D, 479C, 480B, 480C, Linanthus concinnus M l kn .
Limnanthes floccosa Howe l l ssp. 480D, 481 C, 481 D, 498D "San Gabriel l i nanthus" Polemon iaceae
floccosa Marshes and swamps; elevation 0-3 List: 1 B / RED 3-2-3
meters. Los Angeles, San Bernardino
"woolly meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms 1 08B, 1 l OA, 1 l O B*, 1 1 1 A* , 1 34B,
May-August. 1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35A, 1 35D, 1 3 6D
Butte, Lake, Napa, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tehama, Tri nity; Oregon Known in California from several occur­ Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
rences in the Delta; occurrence at Pt. montane coniferous forest / rocky;
Chaparral, cismontane woodland , valley
Reyes NS, Marin County ( 485C) needs elevation 1 700-2800 meters.
and footh i l l grassland, vernal pools / ver­
verification. Also found on the Atlantic Annual herb, blooms April-July.
nally mesic; elevation 60-1 095 meters.
Coast, where threatened by habitat
Annual herb, blooms March-June. destruction. Native to California, although Threatened by recreational activities. See
Threatened by grazing. See Brittonia 25: TheJepson Manual states otherwise. University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
2 : 53 ( 1 904) for original descri ption.
1 77-1 93 ( 1 973) for revised nomenclature.
204 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Linanthus croceus Eastwood 499B, 500B, 500D, 50 1 B, 501 D, 502A, Linanthus nudatus
5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 51 6D, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, Considered but rejected : too common
"coast yellow linanthus" Polemoniaceae 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 9D, 533C, 534C, 535D
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / usu­
Mari n * , San Mateo ally volcanic; elevation 1 00-500 meters.
Linanthus nuttallii (Gray) M l k n .
409 B*, 467B*, 448C ssp. howellii N e l s . & Patterson
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie; Similar to L. parviflorus. Not in TheJepson "Mt. Tedoc l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
elevation 1 0-1 50 meters. Manual. See Madrano 43( 4):455 ( 1 996) List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Annual herb, blooms May. for original description. Tehama
Known only from one occu rrence near 61 3B, 63 1 C
Moss Beach. Threatened by develop­ Linanthus killipii Mason Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­
ment. A synonym of L. parviflorus in The pentinite); elevation 1 220-2800 meters.
Jepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette 3 7:442 " Baldwin Lake l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
( 1 904) for original description . List 18 / RED 2-2-3 Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
San Bernardino Known from only four occurrences in the
Mt. Tedoc region of the Klamath Mtns.
Linanthus floribundus (Gray) M l kn . 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 26D, 1 30C, 1 3 1 D
See Madrano 32(2) : 1 02-1 05 ( 1 985) for
ssp. hallii (Jeps.) Mason Meadows and seeps (alkaline), pebble original descri ption.
( pavement) plain, pinyon and j u n i per
"Santa Rosa M o u ntains l i nanth u s" wood land , u pper montane coniferous
Polemon iaceae Linanthus nuttallii ssp. pubescens
forest; elevation 1 700-2400 meters.
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 Considered but rejected : too common
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Riverside, San Diego
Threatened by u rbanization and vehicles.
46C, 47A, 47B, 48A, 65C See Madrano 9(8):251 -252 ( 1 948) for Linanthus oblanceolatus ( Bran d )
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation original descri ption. J eps.
1 000-2000 meters.
"Sierra Nevada l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Linanthus latisectus E. Buxton List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known only from the Santa Rosa Mtns. Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
"broad-lobed l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Subal pine coniferous forest; elevation
Linanthus grandiflorus ( Benth . ) Colusa, Del Norte, Glenn, H u mboldt, 2800-3700 meters.
Greene Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Shasta, Sono­ Annual herb, blooms J u ly-August.
"large-Aowered l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae ma, Tehama, Tri nity
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane Linanthus orcuttii ( Parry & Gray)
Alameda, Kern, Madera, Merced, Mon­ woodland; elevation 1 70-1 500 meters.
Jeps.
terey, Mari n, Santa Barbara*, Santa Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Clara, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, San "Orcutt's linanthus" Polemon iaceae
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Sonoma List 18 / RED 2-1-2
41 (3 ): 1 78 ( 1 994) for original description.
Coastal bl uff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­ Los Angeles*, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
ous forest, cismontane wood land, San Diego; Baja California
Linanthus maculatus ( Parish) 1 9 B, 20A, 20D, 48C, 48D, 49B, 49C,
coastal du nes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, valley and foothi l l grassland / M i l l i ken 49D, 1 03B, 1 04A, 1 04B, 1 1 0A*
usually sandy; elevation 5-1 220 meters. " Little S a n Bernard ino Mtns. l i nanthus" Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Annual herb, blooms April-August. Polemon iaceae forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood land /
Many historical occurrences extirpated by List 18 / RED 3-2-3 openi ngs; elevation 9 1 5-2 1 45 meters.
development; need status information . Riverside, San Bernardino Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Other taxa often m isidentified as L. gran­ 65C, 82B, 83A, 83B, 1 02B, 1 03A, 1 03 D, See Madrono 24(3): 1 50-1 5 1 ( 1 977) for
diflorus. See Pittonia 2 : 260 ( 1 892) for orig­ 1 04D taxonomic treatment and 43(4):528
inal description. Desert d unes, Joshua tree "woodland", ( 1 996) for first San Bernardino County
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert records.
Linanthus harknessii ssp. scrub / sandy; elevation 1 95-2075 meters.
condensatus Annual herb, blooms March-May. Linanthus orcuttii ssp. pacificus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ See Linanthus orcuttii
harknessii; a common taxon rences near Joshua Tree N M . Threatened
by development, vehicles, and d u mping.
Linanthus pygmaeus ( Brand) J .T.
Linanthus jepsonii D.W. Schemske A synonym of Cilia maculata in TheJepson
Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical H owel l ssp. pygmaeus
& C. Goodwi l l i e Club 1 9:93 ( 1 892) for original descrip­ "pygmy l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
"Jepson 's li nanthus" Polemoniaceae tion , and University ofCalifornia Publications List 18 / RED 3-2-2
List 18 I RED 2-2-3 in Botany 2 : 5 5 ( 1 904) for revised nomen­ San Clemente Island; Guadal upe Island
Lake, Napa, Sonoma clature.
(Mexico)
SCMC, SCMN
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 205

Coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­ Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous Loeflingia pusilla
land; elevation 455-595 meters. forest, North Coast coniferous forest; Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l . elevation 45-1 320 meters. squarrosa var. squarrosa; a common taxon
Feral herbivores removed from San Perenn ial herb, blooms February-J u ly.
Clemente Island , and vegetation recov­ Easily overlooked . Threatened by grazing Loeflingia squarrosa N utt. var.
ering. Simi lar to ssp. continentalis; needs and logging. I ncludes L. cordata var. artemisiarum ( Barne by & Twissel m . )
study. See Pf/anzenreich 4(250): 1 34 nephrophylla. See Fremontia 1 7(3 ):26-27
( 1 907) for original descri ption. ( 1 989) and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, R . Dorn
p. 95-98 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for "sagebrush loefli ngia" Caryophyl laceae
species accounts. List 2 I RED 2-2-1
Linanthus rattanii (Gray) Greene
I nyo, Kern, Lassen, Los Angeles; Nevada,
" Rattan's l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
Listera cordata var. nephrophylla Oregon , Wyoming
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
See Listera cordata 1 85C, 1 85 D, 1 86B, 1 86C, 392C, 393A,
Colusa, Glenn , Lake, Mendocino, 586D, 602A, 656C
Tehama
Lithophragma maximum Bacig. Desert du nes, Great Basin scrub, Sono­
Cismontane woodland, lower montane ran desert scrub / sandy; elevation
coniferous forest / rocky or gravelly; "San Clemente Island wood land star" 700-1 6 1 5 meters.
elevation 1 700-2000 meters. Saxifragaceae
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Annual herb, blooms May-July. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
See Madrofio 20(8):406 ( 1 970) for origi­
State Endangered/Federal
nal description .
Linanthus rosaceus Greene Endangered
San Clemente Island
" rose l i nanthus" Polemon iaceae Lomatium canbyi
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
SCMC*, SCMS
Considered but rejected: too common
Mari n * , San Francisco*, San Mateo, Coastal bluffscrub, coastal scrub /
Sonoma* rocky; elevation 1 20-400 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Loamatium ciliolatum var. hooveri
409 B*, 429C*, 448C, 502C* , 520D*
April-June. See Lomatium hooveri
Coastal bl uff scrub; elevation 0- 1 00
meters. Known from only three occu rrences,
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
totalling approximately 200 i ndividuals Lomatium congdonii Coult. & Rose
as of 1 996. Threatened by erosion. Feral
Known from only one occurrence near "Congdon's lomati u m " Apiaceae
herbivores removed from San Clemente
Pacifica. Need historical quads for San Island , and vegetation recovering. See List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Francisco County. Not in TheJepson Manu­ Aliso 5:349-350 ( 1 963) for original Mariposa*, Tuolumne
al. See Pittonia 2:259 ( 1 892) for original description. 41 9B*, 458B, 458C, 459A, 459D
descri ption.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
Lithophragma rupicola pentinite; elevation 300-2 1 00 meters.
Linanthus serrulatus Greene Considered but rejected : a synonym of L. Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
" M adera l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae tenellum; a com mon taxon Known from fewer than twenty occur­
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 rences. Collections at UC from Red Mtn.
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare Lithophragma tenellum (600B), Mendocino County may be this
26 1 A, 261 B, 308B, 309C, 332B, 354C, Considered but rejected: too common taxon. Threatened by vehicles and m i n­
376B, 376C, 377D, 380A, 396B, 398C, i ng. Protected at Red H i l ls ACEC ( BLM),
399A, 399B, 41 8D, 41 9B, 420A Tuolumne County. See Contributions from
Lithospermum incisum Leh m . the U.S. National Herbarium 7:232 ( 1 900)
Cismontane wood land, lower montane for origi nal description.
coniferous forest; elevation 300-1 300 "plains stoneseed" Boraginaceae
meters. List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Annual herb, blooms April-May. San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, New Lomatium engelmannii Math .
Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere " Engel man n's lomati u m " Apiaceae
225D List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Listera caurina
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation Mendoci no, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Considered but rejected: too common
1 650-1 720 meters. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Perenn ial herb, blooms May. forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
Listera cordata ( L. ) R. Br. serpentinite; elevation 870-2 740 meters.
Known i n Californ ia only from the New
" heart-leaved twayblade" Orchidaceae York Mtns. Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Endangered in Oregon .
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Siski­ Lobelia cardinalis ssp. cardinalis
you ; Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton, and
Considered but rejected: not i n Cal ifor­
elsewhere
n ia; name m isapplied to L. cardinalis var.
pseudosplendens; a common taxon
206 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Lomatium foeniculaceum ( N utt. ) 603D, 622C, 622D, 674B, 675A, 692D, Lomatium marginatum var.
Cou lt. & Rose ssp. inyoense ( M ath. 707C purpureum
& Const. ) Theobald Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­ Considered but rejected : too common
ous forest, pinyon and juniper wood land /
" I nyo lomati u m " Apiaceae rocky, clay; elevation 1 400-2440 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Lomatium martindalei ( Cou It. &
I nyo; Idaho, Nevada Rose) Coult. & Rose
Easily confused with L. canbyi. I nadver­
Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate); tently omitted from TheJepson Manual. "Coast Range lomati u m " Apiaceae
elevation 2 1 95-3200 meters. Field work needed. See Botanical Gazette List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly. 1 3: 2 1 0 ( 1 888) for original descri ption, Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ng­
Can be com mon along crest of the I nyo Systematic Botany Monographs 4: 1 -55 ton, and elsewhere
Mtns. May be a form induced by h igh­ ( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment, and
704A, 722D, 738A, 739A, 739C, 739D
altitude cond itions; needs study. Madrano 43(4):51 5-52 1 ( 1 996) for dis­
cussion of presence in California. Coastal bluff scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps;
Lomatium foeniculaceum ( N utt. ) elevation 240-3000 meters.
Lomatium hooveri ( Math . &
Cou lt. & Rose var. macdougalii Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Const. ) Const. & Ertter
(Cou lt. & Rose) Theobald
" H oover's lomati u m " Apiaceae Lomatium observatorium
" MacDougal's lomatiu m" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Constance & Ertter
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Yolo
Lassen?, Modoc, Plu mas; Arizona, Idaho, " Mt. Hami lton lomati u m " Apiaceae
Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton, Wyom ing, Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Utah, and elsewhere serpenti nite, or rarely volcan ic; elevation
300-885 meters. Santa Clara, Stan islaus
602A?, 602D?, 603D, 620D?, 674B,
Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly. 425B, 426C, 426D
690D, 692A
A synonym of L. ciliolatum var. hooveri i n Cismontane woodland; elevation
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey 1 2 1 9-1 330 meters.
lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and j uniper wood land / volcanic; Botanical Club 69: 1 53 ( 1 942) for original Peren nial herb, blooms March-May. •
elevation 1 200-1 900 meters. descri ption, and Madrofio 43( 4 ):5 1 5-521 Known from fewer than five occurrences.
( 1 996) for revised nomenclature. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrofio
Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly.
43( 4 ):51 5 ( 1 996) for original description.
Lassen County plants may be an u nde­
scribed taxon . Not in TheJepson Manual. Lomatium howellii (Wats. ) Jeps.
See Contributions from the U.S. National " H owel l's lomati u m " Apiaceae Lomatium parvifolium ( H. & A.)
Herbarium 7:233 ( 1 900) for original List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Jeps.
description.
D e l Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon "small-leaved lomatiu m " Apiaceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Lomatium grayi (Cou lt. & Rose) forest / serpentin ite; elevation 1 1 0- 1 705 Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo
Cou lt. & Rose meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
"Gray's lomati u m " Apiaceae Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne. coastal scrub, riparian woodland / ser­
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of pentinite; elevation 20-700 meters.
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Arts and Sciences 20:369 ( 1 885) for origi­ Perennial herb, bloomsJanuary-June.
Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, Wyom ing, nal description.
Rare in Santa Cruz County.
and elsewhere
707B, 707C, 707D Lomatium insulare ( Eastw. ) M u nz
Lomatium peckianum Math . &
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper "San Nicolas Island lomati u m " Apiaceae Const.
woodland; elevation 1 390-1 4 1 5 meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne. " Peck's lomati u m " Apiaceae
San Clemente Islan d * , San Nicolas
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Known i n Cal ifornia only from near Lake Island; Guadalupe Island (Mexico)
City and Surprise Valley. Not in TheJep­ Siskiyou; Oregon
SNIC
son Manual. See Botanical Gazette 1 3 :209 699A, 699B, 71 7A, 71 7B, 733B, 733D,
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy); elevation
( 1 888) for origi nal descri ption, and Con­ 734A, 734B, 734C, 734D, 735A, 735D
1 5-800 meters.
tributions from the U.S. National Herbarium Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
7: 229 ( 1 900) for revised nomenclature. Perenn ial herb, blooms January-J une.
montane coniferous forest, pi nyon and
Presumed extinct on San Clemente Island; j u n iper wood land / volcan ic; elevation
Lomatium hendersonii (Cou lt. & last seen there i n 1 9 1 8 ( need quad). 700-1 800 meters.
Threatened by military development and
Rose) Coult. & Rose Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
road construction, and possibly by non­
" Henderson's lomatiu m " Apiaceae native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Califor­ Threatened by development. See Bulletin
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 nia Academy ofSciences I l l 1 :89-1 20 ( 1 898) ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 69:1 55 ( 1 942 )
for original description. for origi nal descri ption.
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas; Idaho, Nevada,
Oregon
 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 207

Lomatium ravenii Math. & Const. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Lotus argophyllus (Gray) Greene
forest / gravelly, volcanic clay; elevation var. adsurgens ( D u n kle) Isley
" Raven's lomatiu m " Apiaceae 1 245- 1 960 meters.
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 "San Clemente Island bird 's-foot trefoi l "
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Fabaceae
Utah Known from fewer than twenty occur­ List 18 / RED 3-3-3
rences. Threatened by vehicles. See
602A, 602B, 620B, 620C, 6 2 1 A, 638A, Madrano 26(1 ):41 ( 1 979) for original State Endangered
638C, 639D, 656D, 657A, 657B, 657C, descri ption. San Clemente Island
657D, 690D, 724A SCMC, SCMS
Great Basin scrub (adobe, alkaline);
elevation 1 000-3000 meters.
Lomatium torreyi Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scru b /
Considered but rejected: too common rocky; elevation 1 5-395 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Endangered in Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe
Lomatium tracyi Mat h . & Const. Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Torrey Botanical Club 86(6):379 ( 1 959) for Threatened by Navy activities. Feral her­
original description. "Tracy's lomatiu m" Apiaceae bivores removed from San Clemente
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -2 Island, and vegetation recovering. See
Lomatium repostum U eps.) Math . Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Tri nity; Oregon Sciences 3 9 : 1 75 ( 1 940) for original
"Napa lomati u m " Apiaceae
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper description.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
Lake, Napa, Solano, Sonoma
elevation 455-1 950 meters. Lotus argophyllus var. argenteus
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. Considered but rejected: too common
serpentinite; elevation 90-830 meters.
Endangered in Oregon.
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Lotus argophyllus var. fremontii
Lonicera cauriana Considered but rejected : too common
Lomatium rigidum U ones) j eps.
Considered but rejected: too common
"stiff lomati u m " Apiaceae
Lotus argophyllus (Gray) Greene
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Lonicera subspicata H. & A var. var. niveus (Greene) Ottley
I nyo
subspicata "Santa Cruz Island bird 's-foot trefoil"
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
wood land / rocky, near streams; "Santa Barbara honeysuckle" Caprifoliaceae Fabaceae
elevation 1 200-2200 meters. List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina Island , State Endangered
Santa Cruz Island Santa Cruz Island
Can be locally com mon.
1 42A, 1 42B, 1 43A, 1 68C, SCTE, SCZB Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, scrub / rocky; elevation 5-680 meters.
Lomatium shevockii H artman &
coastal scrub; elevation 35-1 000 meters. Perennial herb, blooms March­
Const.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May­ September.
"Owens Peak lomati u m " Apiaceae December. I ncreasing after reduction offeral sheep
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 Threatened by development. See Bulletin of popu lation.
Kern the Southern California Academy ofSciences
258B 25(2):67 ( 1 926) for taxonomic treatment. Lotus argyraeus (Greene) Greene
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper var. multicaulis ( Ottley) lsely
montane coniferous forest / rocky; Lophochlaena califomica var. davyi
elevation 1 770-2200 meters. "scru b lotus" Fabaceae
See Pleuropogon davyi
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
San Bernardino
Known from only two occu rrences i n Lophochlaena refracta var.
t h e Owens Pk. a n d M t . Jenkins area. See 200A, 224C, 225D
hooverianus
Madrano 35(2): 1 2 1 -1 25 ( 1 988) for origi­ Pi nyon and jun iper wood land (granitic);
nal description. See Pleuropogon hooverianus elevation 1 200-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Lomatium stebbinsii Sch l essman & Lophochlaena refracta var. Known only from four occurrences i n the
Const. refracta New York Mtns. See University ofCalifornia
See Pleuropogon refractus Publications in Botany 1 0: 2 1 1 ( 1 923) for
"Stebbi ns's lomatium" Apiaceae original descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 New York Botanical Garden 2 5 : 1 28-206
Amador, Calaveras, Tuolumne ( 1 98 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.
474A, 474B, 474C, 474D, 491 D, 492A,
492B, 492D
208 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Lotus argyraeus (Greene) Greene Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley Declining precipitously; now known in
var. notitius lsely and foothi l l grassland; elevation 1 5-365 California from fewer than ten occur­
meters. rences. Threatened by development, non­
" Providence Mountai ns lotus" Fabaceae native plants, and land management
Shrub, blooms February-August.
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 activities, particularly by U.S. Navy at Sil­
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
San Bernard ino ver Strand and I m perial Beach.
rences. Threatened by Navy activities.
1 76A Feral herbivores removed from San
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­ Lotus oblongifolius ( Be nth . ) Greene
1 200-2000 meters. i ng. Occasionally hybridizes with L. argo­ var. cupreus (Greene) Ottley
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
phyllus var. argenteus. USFWS uses the
name L. dendroideus ssp. traskiae. See Brit­ "copper-flowered bird's-foot trefo i l "
Known only from one occurrence in the tonia 30:466-472 ( 1 978) for revised Fabaceae
Providence Mtns. See Brittonia 30( 4 ) : nomenclature. List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
466-472 ( 1 978) for original description, Tu lare
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene 308A, 3 3 1 B, 331 C, 353B
den 2 5 : 1 28-206 ( 1 981 ) for taxonomic
treatment. var. veatchii (Greene) lsely Meadows and seeps (edges), upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
"San M iguel Island deerweed " Fabaceae 2400-2750 meters.
Lotus crassifolius ( Benth . ) Greene List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
var. otayensis Moran San Miguel Island; Baja California J u ne-August.
"Otay M ou ntain lotus" Fabaceae Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub; See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and
List 18 / RED 3-3-2 elevation 1 0-350 meters. Criticism 1 : 74 ( 1 904) for original descri p­
San Diego; Baja California Shrub, blooms March-J une. tion, and University ofCalifornia Publica­
1 0D See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ tions in Botany 1 0:206 ( 1 923) for revised
ences 1 :83 ( 1 886) for original descri ption, nomenclature.
Chaparral (metavolcanic, often in dis­
and Brittonia 30:467 ( 1 978) for revised
turbed areas); elevation 9 1 5-1 005 meters.
nomenclature. Lotus procumbens var. jepsonii
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Considered but rejected : too common
Known in California only from Otay Lotus haydonii (Orcutt) Greene
Mtn . , and from one occurrence in Baja
California. Threatened by road mai nte­ "pygmy lotus" Fabaceae Lotus rubriflorus H . K. Sharsm .
nance. See Brittonia 30(4) :466-467 List 18 / RED 2-1 -2 "red-flowered lotus" Fabaceae
( 1 978) for original description . Imperial, San Diego; Baja California List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
7A, 7B, 3 2 D, 47C, 48D Colusa, Stanislaus, Tehama
Lotus cupreus Pinyon and juniper woodland, Sonoran 425A, 425B, 564D, 628D
See Lotus oblongifolius var. cupreus desert scrub / rocky; elevation 520- 1 200 Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
meters. grassland; elevation 200-425 meters.
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene Perennial herb, blooms January-June. Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
var. dendroideus Need quads for Imperial County. See West Known from only four disj u nct occur­
"island broom" Fabaceae
American Scientist 6:63 ( 1 889) for original rences. Threatened by development, and
description, Pittonia 2 : 1 49 ( 1 890) for probably by grazing and non-native
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe
Anacapa Island, Santa Catalina Island, plants. Field work needed . See Madrano
New York Botanical Garden 25: 1 28-206 6(2):56 ( 1 941 ) for original description .
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island ( 1 981 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, chaparral, coastal scrub, cis­ Lotus scoparius ssp. traskiae
Lotus neo-incanus
montane woodland; elevation 3-460 See Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae
meters. Considered but rejected : too com mon; a
synonym of L. incanus
Shru b, blooms J an uary-October. Lotus scoparius var. dendroideus
Threatened by feral herbivores. See See Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus
Brittonia 30:467 ( 1 978) for revised Lotus nevadensis var. davidsonii
nomenclature. Considered but rejected: too common
Lotus yollabolliensis M u nz
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene Lotus nuttallianus G reene "Yolla Solly Mtns. bird's-foot trefoi l "
Fabaceae
var. traskiae ( Nodd i n ) l sely "N uttall's lotus" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
"San Clemente Island lotus" Fabaceae List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
H u m boldt, Trinity
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 San Diego; Baja California
Upper montane coniferous forest;
State Endangered/Federal 1 1 8, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36B, 36D elevation 1 700-2 1 00 meters.
Endangered Coastal dunes, coastal scrub (sandy); Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
San Clemente Island elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
SCMC, SCM N, SCMS Annual herb, blooms March-J une.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 209

Ludwigia repens var. stipitata Lupinus citrinus Kel l . var. citrinus Lower montane coniferous forest;
Considered but rejected: too common; a elevation 900- 1 700 meters.
"orange lu pine" Fabaceae
synonym of L. repens Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Madera See L. croceus in TheJepson Manual.
Lupinus abramsii 377A, 396C, 397A, 397B, 397C, 3970,
See Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii 398B, 41 80 Lupinus culbertsonii ssp.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower culbertsonii
Lupinus adsurgens var. undulatus montane con iferous forest / granitic; See Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii
Considered but rejected : too common elevation 380- 1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Lupinus culbertsonii ssp.
Lupinus albifrons Benth. var. Threatened by development, road widen­ hypolasius
abramsii ( C . P. S m ith) H oov. i ng, vehicles, grazi ng, and logging. See Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­ lepidus var. ramosus; a common taxon
"Abrams's lu pine" Fabaceae ences I 7:93 ( 1 877) for original descrip­
List 3 I RED 3-2-3 tion, and Madrano 28(3 ): 1 84 for first
Monterey Madera Cou nty record. Lupinus dalesiae Eastw.
I . 320B "Qu i ncy l u pine" Fabaceae
Broad leaved u pland forest, lower mon­ Lupinus citrinus Kel l . var. deflexus List 1 B / RED 1 -2-3
tane coniferous forest; elevation (Congd . ) J eps. Butte*, Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba
450-2000 meters. 559A, 572B, 573A, 573B, 574A, 574B,
" Mari posa l u pine" Fabaceae
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-June. 588B, 588C, 589A, 589B, 589C, 5890,
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Move to List 1 B? Possibly more wide­ 590A, 590B, 5900, 605B, 605C, 606A,
State Threatened 606B, 606C, 6060, 607A
spread, but only specimens from 320B
Mariposa Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
match the type; plants from San Luis
Obispo Cou nty. are probably var. albifrons. 41 9B montane coniferous forest, u pper mon­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / tane coniferous forest / openi ngs, often
granitic, sandy; elevation 400-6 1 0 in distu rbed areas; elevation 855-2500
Lupinus antoninus Eastw. meters.
meters.
"Anthony Peak lu pine" Fabaceae Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Known from only six occurrences near Need h istorical quads for Butte County.
Lake, Mendoci no, Tehama, Tri n ity Mariposa Creek. Threatened by develop­ Possibly threatened by logging and
549A, 58 1 C, 597C, 6 1 3C ment, and possibly by grazing. See Muhlen­ roadside mai ntenance. See Leaflets of
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper bergia 1 :38 ( 1 904) for original description. Western Botany 2 : 2 66 ( 1 940) for origi nal
montane coniferous forest / rocky; descri ption.
elevation 1 220-2285 meters. Lupinus constancei T.W. Nelson &
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. J . P. Nelson Lupinus dedeckerae
Known from only four occurrences. Possi­ See Lupinus padre-crowleyi
"The Lassies lupine" Fabaceae �
bly threatened by apparent hybridization
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
with L. albifrons var. collinus. See Leaflets of Lupinus deflexus
Western Botany 3(9):202 ( 1 943) for origi­ Humboldt, Trin ity
See Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus
nal descri ption. 6340
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentin ite); elevation 1 500-2000 meters. Lupinus densiflorus var. glareosus
Lupinus apertus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
Considered but rejected: too common Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
microcarpus var. horizontalis; a common
Known from only two occurrences on taxon
Lupinus cervinus Kel l . Signal Peak and Red Lassie Mrn. See Brit­
tonia 35(2): 1 80-1 83 ( 1 983) for original
"Santa Lucia lupi ne" Fabaceae descri ption. Lupinus duranii Eastw.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 "Mono Lake lupi ne" Fabaceae
Monterey, San Luis Obispo List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Lupinus covillei
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ Considered but rejected: too common Mono
tane coniferous forest; elevation 434B, 435A, 452A, 452B, 452C, 453A,
305- 1 370 meters.
Lupinus croceus Eastw. var. 4530, 470C
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous
pilosellus ( Eastw. ) M u nz
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
"saffron-flowered lupine" Fabaceae volcanic pum ice, gravel; elevation
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 2000-3000 meters.
Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by vehicles.
210 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Lupinus elatus Jtn. Move to List 1 B? Sonoma County plants Lupinus hypolasius
need taxonomic c on fi rmat i on Identifi ­
"si l ky l u pine" Fabaceae
.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
cation is very difficult; study needed. See
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 L. arboreus in TheJepson Manual. USFWS
lepidus var. ramosus; a common taxon
Los Angeles, Ventura uses the name L. arboreus var. eximius.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper See Erythea 3 : 1 1 6 ( 1 895) for origi nal Lupinus inyoensis
montane coniferous forest; elevation description. Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
1 500-3000 meters. argenteus var. heteranthus; a common
Lupinus gracilentus Greene taxon
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Sim ilar to L. adsurgens and L. andersonii. "slender l u pine" Fabaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Lupinus lapidicola Heller
Lupinus elmeri Greene I nyo, Mariposa, Tuolumne " Mt. Eddy l u pine" Fabaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
"South Fork Mtn. l u pine" Fabaceae 41 5A, 454B, 454C
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trinity
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 Subalpine coniferous forest; elevation
2500-3500 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
H u m boldt, Trin ity
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane
652A, 652D Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
coniferous forest / granitic or serpenti­
Lower montane coniferous forest; See Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sci­ n ite, gravelly; elevation 1 500-3000
elevation 1 3 70-2000 meters. ences ofPhiladelphia 1 892:365 ( 1 893) for meters.
original description .
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. Perennial herb, bloomsJ uly.
Known only from South Fork Mtn . Threat­ See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
ened by logging. See Pittonia 3 : 1 59 ( 1 897) Lupinus guadalupensis Green e 5 1 :306 ( 1 924) for original descri ption.
for original descri ption. "Guadalupe Island lupine" Fabaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Lupin us latifolius J. Agard h var.
Lupinus excubitus J ones var. San Clemente Island; Guadal u pe Island barbatus ( Henders.) M u nz
johnstonii C.P. S m ith (Mexico)
"bearded l u p i n e" Fabaceae
SCMC, SCM N, SCMS
"i nterior bush l u pine" Fabaceae Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 •
Coastal scrub (sandy or gravel ly);
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
elevation 1 5-395 meters.
Lassen, Modoc; Oregon I
Los Angeles 674A
Annual herb, blooms February-Apri l .
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Upper montane coniferous forest
forest / decom posed granitic; elevation Threatened b y Navy activities. Feral her­ (mesic); elevation 1 500-2 500 meters.
1 500-2500 meters. bivores removed from San Clemente
Island, and vegetation recovering. See Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly.
Shrub, blooms May-July.
Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSciences Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe
Known only from the San Gabriel Mtns. 1 : 1 84 ( 1 885) for original description, Torrey Botanical Club 27( 6):345 ( 1 900) for
Collections from Kern County l i kely and Aliso 5:327 ( 1 963) for d istributional original description, and Aliso 4( 1 ):93
m isidentified. i nformation. ( 1 958) for revised nomenclature.

Lupinus excubitus Jones var. Lupin us holmgrenanus C. P. Sm ith Lupinus latifolius var. dudleyi
medius Ueps.) M u nz " Ho l mgren's l u pi ne" Fabaceae Considered but rejected : taxonomic
" Mou ntain Spri ngs bush l u p i n e" Fabaceae problem, but needs reevaluation
Llst 2 / RED 2-1 -2
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -2 I nyo, Nevada
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California 41 0C, 41 1 D
Lupinus lepidus Dougl. var.
7A, 7B, 1 8C, 1 9A, 1 9 B, 1 9D culbertsonii (Greene) C . P. S m ith
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (volcanic);
Pinyon and juniper wood land , Sonoran elevation 1 500-2500 meters. " Hockett Meadows l u p i ne" Fabaceae
desert scrub; elevation 425-1 370 meters. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June. Llst 18 / RED 3-1-3
Shrub, blooms March-May. Fresno, Mono, Tu lare
Possi bly threatened by vehicles. Lupinus horizontalis 33 1 B, 33 1 C, 3 3 1 D, 352C, 434D
Considered but rejected : too common; a Meadows and seeps, upper montane
Lupinus eximius Davy synonym of L. microcarpus var. horizontalis coniferous forest ( mesic, rocky);
elevation 2440-3000 meters.
"San Mateo tree lupine" Fabaceae
Lupinus humboldtii Perennial herb, blooms July-August.
Llst 3 / RED 2-2-3
San Mateo, Sonoma? See Lupinus constancei Known from fewer than five occu r­
rences. Need q uads for Fresno Cou nty.
429A, 448C, 448D, 503D? See Madrano 22( 4): 1 69- 1 77 ( 1 973) for
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation Lupinus hyacinthinus taxonomic treatment.
90-550 meters. Considered but rejected : too common
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ly.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 21 1

Lupinus lepidus Douglas var. Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­ See Muhlenbergia 6 : 1 07 ( 1 9 1 0) for origi­
erous forest / sandy; elevation 1 260-1 830 nal description.
utahensis (Wats. ) H itchc.
meters.
"stemless l u p i n e" Fabaceae Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
List 4 / RED 1 -1-1
Lupinus nipomensis Eastw.
See L. magnificus in TheJepson Manual. See "N ipomo Mesa l u pi n e" Fabaceae
Inyo, Lassen, Mono; Idaho, Oregon, Muhlenbergia 2:2 1 2 ( 1 906) for origi nal
Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
description, and Manual ofthe Flowering
Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous Plants ofCalifornia, p. 533 ( 1 925) by W.L. State Endangered/Federal
forest; elevation 1 500-38 1 0 meters. Jepson for taxonomic treatment. Endangered
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly. San Luis Obispo
Known in Californ ia only from the Lupinus magnificus Jones var. 221 0
White Mtns., and from Lassen Cou nty. magnificus Coastal dunes; elevation 1 0-50 meters.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Arts and Sciences 8:534 ( 1 873 ) for origi­ " Panam int Mou ntains lupi ne" Fabaceae
nal descri ption, and Vascular Plants ofthe List 18 / RED 3-1-3 Known from only one extended occur­
Pacific Northwest 3 : 3 1 5 ( 1 96 1 ) for revised I nyo rence of five populations on N i pomo
nomenclature. Mesa; fewer than 700 plants known as of
302A, 302C, 3020, 325B, 3280, 348C 1 997. Threatened by development and
I Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert non-native plants. See Leaflets ofWestern
Lupinus lobbii scrub, u pper montane coniferous forest; Botany 2 ( 1 0): 1 86-1 88 ( 1 939) for original
Considered but rejected: too common; a elevation 1 000-2285 meters. descri ption.
synonym of L. lepidus var. lobbii Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Lupinus padre-crowleyi C.P. S m ith
Lupinus ludovicianus G reene Field surveys needed. See Contributions to
"Father Crowley's l u pine" Fabaceae
"San Luis O bispo Cou nty l u pine" Fabaceae
Western Botany 8:26 ( 1 898) for original
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
descri ption.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 State Rare
San Luis Obispo I nyo, Mono, Tulare
Lupinus milo-bakeri C.P. Sm ith
1 95B, 220A, 220B, 2 2 1 A*, 2 2 1 B, 245C, 306B, 329A, 352A, 393B, 3930, 4 1 4B
2450, 2460, 294C " M i lo Baker's l u pine" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-3-3
Great Basin scrub, riparian scrub, ripari­
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / sand­ an scrub, upper montane con iferous for­
stone or sandy; elevation 50-525 meters. State Threatened est / decomposed gran itic; elevation
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. Colusa, Mendocino 2500-4000 meters.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ 547B, 547C, 598C, 5990 Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
rences. Threatened by grazing and tram­ Cismontane woodland (often along Known from fewer than twenty occur­
pling. Official flower of San Lu is Obispo roadsides), valley and footh i l l grassland; rences. Th is name predates L. dedeckerae
County. See Bulletin ofthe California Acade­ elevation 395-430 meters. (both described independently from the
my ofSciences 1 : 1 84 ( 1 885) for original same type locality).
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
descri ption.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. One popu lation ( 583C) intro­ Lupinus peirsonii Mason
Lupin us magnificus J ones va r . d uced . Threatened by urbanization, road
glarecola J ones " Peirson's l u pine" Fabaceae
widen i ng, and herbicide application;
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
"Coso Mountai ns lupi ne" Fabaceae many populations seriously affected by
CalTrans spraying in 1 984. Needs taxo­ Los Angeles
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
nomic study; see L. luteolus in TheJepson 1 35A, 1 35B, 1 35 0
I nyo, San Bernard i no Manual. See Four Seasons 1 (3):8-9 ( 1 965) Joshua tree "woodland", lower montane
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ for differentiation from L. luteolus. coniferous forest, pi nyon and juniper
land", Mojavean desert scrub / granitic,
woodland, upper montane coniferous
often talus and scree; elevation
1 1 1 0-2440 meters.
Lupinus montigenus forest / gravelly or rocky; elevation
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. 1 000-2500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
argenteus var. montigenus; a common taxon Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Appears after fi res. See L. magnificus in
Known only from the San Gabriel Mtns.
TheJepson Manual. See Contributions to See Madrano 1 : 1 87 ( 1 928) for original
Western Botany 8 : 26 ( 1 899) for origi nal Lupinus nevadensis H e l l e r
descri ption.
descri ption. "Nevada l u pine" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Lupinus pratensis var. eriostachyus
Lupin us magnificus Jones va r. I nyo, Lassen, Mono, Sierra; Nevada,
Considered but rejected: too common
hesperius ( H e l l er) C.P. S m ith Oregon
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
" McGee M eadows lupi ne" Fabaceae
woodland; elevation 1 000-3000 meters.
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
I nyo
41 3C, 41 40
21 2 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Lupinus pusillus Pursh. var. Lupinus tidestromii Greene Shrub (deciduous), blooms June.
intermontanus ( He l l er) C.P S m ith "Tidestrom's lupi ne" Fabaceae Rediscovered on the Palos Verdes Pen in­
sula ( Los Angeles County) by A. Sanders
"intermontane lupi ne" Fabaceae List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
in 1 976. Only a few plants are known;
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 State Endangered/Federal the occurrence was diminished by grad­
I nyo, Lassen , Mono, Modoc; Arizona, Endangered i ng in the 1 930's. Only two wild speci­
Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah, Wash ing­ Monterey, Marin, Sonoma mens were known from the Chan nel
ton, Wyoming, and elsewhere 366A, 366C, 485C, 503B, 503D Islands; one died in 1 908, the other i n
392B, 393A, 602A, 620B, 620C, 62 1 A, 1 936. See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 2 ( 1 888) for origi­
Coastal d u nes; elevation 0- 1 00 meters.
673 D nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Botanical Garden 1 9 :256-257 ( 1 93 2 ) for
Great Basin scrub (sandy); elevation April-J u ne.
1 220-1 600 meters. taxonomic treatment.
Known from fewer than 20 occurrences.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-June. Seriously threatened by coastal develop­
Need quads for Mono and Modoc coun­
Lycium califomicum N utt.
ment, trampli ng, and non-native plants;
ties. Threatened by grazing and non­ properly timed grazing may be beneficial. "California box-thorn " Solanaceae
native plants. See Muhlenbergia 8:87 I ncl udes L. tidestromii var. layneae. Only List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
( 1 9 1 2) for original description, and Bul­ Monterey County plants are state-listed Anacapa Island , Los Angeles, Orange,
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 46( 1 ):408 Endangered as var. tidestromii. See Erythea San Bernard i no, Santa Barbara Island , •
( 1 9 1 9) for revised nomenclature. 3 : 1 7 ( 1 895) for original descri ption. San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island( * ?), San Diego,
Lupinus sericatus Kel l . Lupinus tidestromii var. layneae San Miguel Island , San Nicolas Island;
Arizona, Baja Californ ia, Guadalu pe
"Cobb Mou ntai n lupi ne" Fabaceae See Lupinus tidestromii
Island (Mexico), Sonora (Mexico)
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma Lupinus tracyi Eastw. elevation 5-1 SO meters.
SOOB, SOOC, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, "Tracy's lupi ne" Fabaceae Shrub, blooms March-August.
5 1 7D, S33A, 533C, S34A, 534D, S3SC, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Threatened by development. See Botany of
547C
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity; California 1 : 542 ( 1 876) for original
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, Oregon description.
cismontane wood land, lower montane
Upper montane con iferous forest;
coniferous forest; elevation 275-1 525
elevation 1 065-2000 meters. Lycium hassei
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. See Lycium brevipes var. hassei
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Endangered in Oregon . See Leaflets of
Threatened by geothermal development,
Western Botany 2 ( 1 5 ) :268 ( 1 940) for orig­ Lycium parishii Gray
logging, and road widening; wil l colonize
inal description.
d isturbed sites. See Fremontia 1 3(3):21 -22 "Parish 's d esert-thorn" Solanaceae
( 1 985) for account of reestablishment
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
project in The Geysers geothermal area. Lupinus uncialis Wats.
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino*, San
" Li l l iput lupi ne" Fabaceae Diego; Arizona, Sonora ( Mexico)
Lupinus sericeus List 2 / RED 2-2-1 1 8C, 1 8D, 80D, 86A, 1 07A*
Considered but rejected: taxonomic Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
Coastal scrub, Sonoran desert scrub;
problem 674B, 692A, 692B, 692D elevation 305-1 000 meters.
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per Shrub, blooms March-Apri l .
Lupinus spectabilis Hoov. wood land / volcanic, gravel ly; elevation
"shaggyhair lupine" Fabaceae 1 300- 1 400 meters.
Lycium verrucosum Eastw.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
"San N icolas Island desert-thorn"
Mariposa, Tuolumne Known in California from fewer than twen­
Solanaceae
439A, 439B, 439C, 439D, 457C, 458B, ty occurrences. Threatened by develop­
ment. Threatened in Idaho. Not in The List 1A
458D
Jepson Manual. See Botany ofthe King Explo­ San Nicolas Island *
Chaparral, cismontane wood land I ration, p. 54 ( 1 871 ) for original description. SNIC*
serpentinite; elevation 260-800 meters.
Coastal scrub; elevation unknown.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May.
Lycium brevipes Benth. var. hassei Shrub, blooms Apri l .
Threatened by m i n i ng, grazing, and road
(Greene) H itchc. Known o n l y from the type col lection ( i n
construction. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
2(8): 1 3 1 ( 1 938) for original description. "Santa Catal ina Island desert-thorn" 1 90 1 ); locality vague. Recent field sur­
Solanaceae veys unsuccessfu l . Perhaps a form of L.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 brevipes. See Proceedings ofthe California
Lupinus sublanatus Academy ofSciences 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 898) for
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. Los Angeles, San Clemente Island * ,
original descri ption , and Annals ofthe
argenteus var. argenteus; a common taxon Santa Catalina Island *
Missouri Botanical Garden 1 9 : 257-258
73A, SCM N * , SCTE* ( 1 932) for taxonomic treatment.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0-300 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 21 3

Lycopodiella inundata ( L. ) H o l u b Known i n California only from one occur­ Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
rence in the New York Mtns. Threatened cismontane woodland; elevation 75-500
" bog club-moss" Lycopod iaceae by grazing. meters.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Tree (evergreen), blooms May-J u ne.
Humboldt, Nevada; Idaho, Oregon ,
Washington, a n d elsewhere
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray Feral herbivore populations increasingly
ssp. aspleniifolius ( Greene) Raven u nder control; stump-sprouting and
5 57C, 689A, 689C, 689D seedlings recently noted.
Bogs and fens (coastal), lower montane "Santa Cruz Island i ronwood" Rosaceae
coniferous forest ( mesic), marshes and List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
swamps ( lake margi ns); elevation 5-1 000 San Clemente I slan d , Santa Cruz Island , Lyrocarpa coulteri Hook. & H arv
meters. Santa Rosa Island var. palmeri (Wats. ) Rol l .
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile SCMC, SCMS, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, "Cou lter's lyrepod" Brassicaceae
September. SCZD, SRON List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1
Endangered in Idaho and Oregon , and Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
state-listed as Sensitive in Washi ngton. See cismontane woodland ; elevation 20-580 Sonoran desert scrub (gravelly or rocky);
Fremontia 1 2( 2 ) : 1 1 -1 4 ( 1 984) for informa­ meters. elevation 1 20-795 meters.
tion on Nevada County occurrence. Tree (evergreen), blooms May-J uly. Pere nnial herb, blooms December-April .
Can bloom i ntermittently through much
Lycopodium davatum L. of year. Threatened by grazing on Santa
Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. Feral herbi­
Lythrum californicum
"ru n n i ng-pine" Lycopod iaceae Considered but rejected: too common
vores removed from San Clemente Island ;
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
stump-sprouting noted.
Humboldt; I daho, Oregon , Washington ,
Machaeranthera ammophila
a n d elsewhere
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray Considered but rejected: a synonym of
635B, 652A, 653C, 671 B, 671 C, 671 D, M. arida; a common taxon
672A, 672D, 689A, 689C, 689D ssp. floribundus
Marshes and swamps, North Coast "Santa Catalina Island ironwood" Rosaceae
coniferous forest ( mesic); elevation List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
60-790 meters. Santa Catalina Island
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile SCTE, SCTN, SCTW
J u ly-August.
Threatened by logging.

Lycopodium inundatum
See Lycopodiella inundata

Lycopus uniflorus M ichx.

"northern bugleweed" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte?, H u m boldt, Lassen, Nevada,
Plu mas, Tuolumne; and elsewhere
Lyonothamnus floribundus
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps; ssp. aspleniifolius
elevation 5-2000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J uly-Septem ber.
Does plant occur in Del Norte County?
See Wasmannjournal ofBiolo?JI 3 3 ( 1 -2):93
( 1 975) for distributional information.

Lycurus phleoides H BK var.

phleoides
"wolftai l" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
200A
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
j u n iper woodland; elevation 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September.
214 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Machaeranthera asteroides (Torr. ) Machaeranthera juncea (Greene) Madia subspicata

Greene var. lagunensis ( Keck) Turner S h i n ners Considered but rejected : too common
" M ount Lagu na aster" Asteraceae "rush-like bristleweed" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 Madia yosemitana
State Rare San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, Seejensiayosemitana
San Diego; Baja California Sonora (Mexico)
1 9C Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation Mahonia higginsiae
240-1 000 meters. See Berberis fremontii
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 800-2400 Perennial herb, bloomsJune-January.
meters. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ Mahonia nervosa var.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. ences 1 : 1 90 ( 1 885) for original descrip­ mendocinensis
tion, and Phytologia 68( 6):43 9-465
Known in California from approximately ( 1 990) for revised nomenclature. Considered but rejected : a synonym of
five occurrences in the Wooded H i l l area Berberis nervosa; a common taxon
of Mt. Lagu na. Threatened by grazing
and recreational activities. See Brittonia Machaeranthera lagunensis
9:238 ( 1 957) for original description,
Mahonia nevinii
See Machaeranthera asteroides var. lagunensis
and Phytologia 62(3 ):231 -233 ( 1 987) for See Berberis nevinii
revised nomenclature.
Machaeranthera leucanthemifolia
Mahonia pinnata ssp. insularis
Considered but rejected : too common; a
Machaeranthera canescens ( Pu rsh ) synonym of M. canescens var. leucanthemifolia See Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Gray var. ziegleri ( M u nz) Turner
"Ziegler's aster" Asteraceae Madia anomala Mahonia sonnei
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Considered but rejected : too common Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Riverside Berberis aquifolium var. repens; a common
taxon
65C Madia doris-nilesiae
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper See Harmonia doris-nilesiae
montane coniferous forest; elevation
Malacothamnus abbottii ( Eastw. )
1 400-2470 meters. Kearn .
Madia hallii
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October. "Abbott's bush mallow" M alvaceae
See Harmonia ha/Iii
Known only from the Santa Rosa Mtns. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Threatened by grazing. See Aliso 7:65-66 Monterey
( 1 969) for original description, and Phy­ Madia nutans 294A, 295D
tologia 62(3 ):257 ( 1 987) for revised See Harmonia nutans
Riparian scrub; elevation 1 35-490 meters.
nomenclature.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
Madia radiata Kel l . May-October.
Machaeranthera cognata "showy madia" Asteraceae Rediscovered in 1 990 by D. Mitchell near
See Xylorhiza cognata List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 Sargent Creek; now known from eleven
Contra Costa* , Fresno, Kings*, Kern, small occurrences. Threatened by hous­
Machaeranthera gracilis ( N utt.) Monterey*, Santa Barbara* , San Benito, i ng development, grazing, energy devel­
S h i n n ers San Joaq u i n * , San Luis Obispo opment, and road construction. See
1 92A*, 2 1 8B, 244A, 245A, 267B* , Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 2 1 5 ( 1 936) for
"annual bristleweed" Asteraceae original description.
267D, 268A, 291 B*, 291 C, 292A * ,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
2 9 2 B * , 292D, 3 1 5D*, 3 1 6D*, 338B*,
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Baja California, 338C, 339B, 339D* , 340A, 36 1 C, 362D, Malacothamnus aboriginum
Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico), 444C* , 444D*, 445A*, 464A* , 48 1 D*
Texas, Utah, and elsewhere ( Rob. ) Greene
Cismontane woodland, valley and
Josh ua tree "woodland", Mojavean desert " I n d ian Valley bush mallow" Malvaceae
foothill grassland; elevation 2 5-900
scrub; elevation 1 220-1 555 meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September. Fresno, Monterey, San Benito
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
See Field and Laboratory 1 8 :41 ( 1 950) 293A, 293B, 294A, 295D, 3 1 5B, 31 5C,
Occurrences scattered. Most collections
for revised nomenclature, and Phyto­ 3 1 6B, 339C, 340B, 340D, 341 A, 341 B,
old; field work needed. Threatened by
logia 68(6):457 ( 1 990) for taxonomic 341 D, 342A, 362C, 363A, 363B, 363C,
grazing and non-native plants.
treatment. 363D, 364A?, 364C, 385C, 385D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
Madia stebbinsii rocky, often i n burned areas; elevation
See Harmonia stebbinsii 1 50-1 700 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
April-October.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 215

Appears i n abundance after fires. See Threatened by urbanization i n Los Ange­ Does plant occur in Alameda Cou nty?
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 1 ):31 1 les County. I ntergrades with M. fasciculatus. A synonym of M. fasciculatus in TheJepson
( 1 897) for original descri ption. Manual.
Malacothamnus densiflorus var.
Malacothamnus arcuatus (Greene) viscid us Malacothamnus helleri ( Eastw. )
G reene Considered but rejected : a synonym of Kearn .
"arcuate bush mal low" Malvaceae M. densiflorus; a common taxon "Heller's bush mal low" M alvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo Malacothamnus fasciculatus (T. & Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama, Yolo
406C, 407A, 407C, 407D, 408B, 427B, G . ) Greene var. nesioticus ( Rob.) Chaparral (sandstone); elevation
427C, 427D, 428B, 429A, 429D, 448C, Kearn . 305-635 meters.
448D Shrub (deciduous), bloomsJ une-August.
"Santa Cruz Island bush mal low"
Chaparral; elevation 1 5-355 meters. Malvaceae A synonym of M. fremontii in TheJepson
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Manual.
April-September. State Endangered/Federal
Threatened by alteration of fire regimes. Endangered Malacothamnus jonesii ( M u nz)
A synonym ofM. fasciculatus i n TheJepson Santa Cruz Island Kearn .
Manual. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
SCZA, SCZB "Jones's bush mal low" M alvaceae
Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 66 ( 1 894) by
E. Greene for original descri ption, Leaflets Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky; List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
ofBotanical Observation and Criticism 1 : 208 elevation 1 5-21 0 meters. Monterey, San Luis Obispo
( 1 906) for revised nomenclature, and Shrub (decid uous), blooms April-J uly. Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6(6): 1 32-1 33 Known from only three small occur­ elevation 250-830 meters.
( 1 951 ) for taxonomic treatment. rences. Threatened by erosion and non­ Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J u ly.
native plants. Occurrence near Christi
Malacothamnus clementinus Ranch fenced, and Central Val ley occur­
( M u nz &Jtn . ) Kearn . rence appears inaccessible to feral pigs. Malacothamnus mendocinensis
Reintroduction work ongoing as of 1 996. ( Eastw. ) Kearn.
"San Clemente I sland bush mallow" A synonym of M. fasciculatus i n TheJepson
Malvaceae Manual, but recent unpublished molecu­ "Mendocino bush mallow" M alvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 lar taxonomic work demonstrates taxon List 1A
State Endangered/Federal is distinct. Mendocino*
Endangered 550C* , 551 D*
San Clemente Island Malacothamnus gracilis ( Eastw. ) Cismontane woodland; elevation
SCMC, SCMS Kearn . 425-575 meters.
Val ley and foothi l l grassland ( rocky); "slender bush mal low" Malvaceae Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne.
elevation 1 0-275 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Known from only two historical collec­
Shrub (deciduous), blooms San Luis Obispo tions near Ukiah ( last in 1 939). Recent
March-August. intensive field surveys unsuccessfu l . A syn­
Chaparral; elevation 240-370 meters. onym of M. fasciculatus in TheJepson Manual.
Known from six occurrences. Th reat­
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne­ See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2: 1 88 ( 1 939)
ened by Navy activities. Feral herbivores
October. for original description and 6(6) : 1 33-1 34
removed from San Clemente Island, and
A synonym of M.jonesii in TheJepson ( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
vegetation recovering. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 5 1 : 2 96 ( 1 924) for Manual.
original description, and Leaflets of West­ Malacothamnus niveus ( Eastw. )
ern Botany 6( 6): 1 27-1 28 ( 1 95 1 ) for Malacothamnus hallii ( Eastw. ) Kearn .
revised nomenclature.
Kearn . "San Luis O bispo County bush mallow"
" H all's bush mallow" Malvaceae M alvaceae
Malacothamnus davidsonii ( Rob.) List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Greene Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is
Alameda?, Contra Costa, Merced, Santa
" Davidson's bush mallow" Malvaceae Clara, Stanislaus Obispo
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 384A, 404C, 405D, 406B, 406C, 407A, Chaparral; elevation 365-790 meters.
Los Angeles, Monterey, San Luis Obispo 427C, 427D, 444C, 444D, 464A, 464B, Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ly.
1 1 l A, 1 1 1 B, 1 37C, 1 37D, 294C, 295B, 464C A synonym of M. jonesii in TheJepson
295D, 3 1 8C Chaparral , coastal scrub; elevation Manual.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal 1 0-760 meters.
scrub, riparian woodland; elevation Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms May­
1 85-855 meters. September.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J une-January.
216 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. ) Malacothamnus parish ii ( Eastw. ) Threatened by non-native plants. Not i n
Greene var. involucratus ( Rob. ) Kearn . TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):236
( 1 997) for original description.
Kearn . " Parish's bush mallow" Malvaceae
"Carmel Valley bush mallow" Malvaceae List 1 A
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp.
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3 San Bernardino*
polycephala W. 5. Davis
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo 1 06C*
"many-headed malacothrix" Asteraceae
246B, 246C, 2 70C, 2 7 1 A, 295A, 295B, Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
295D, 3 1 8C, 3 1 8D, 343 B, 3 65C, 365D, List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
305-455 meters.
366C, 366D San N icolas Island
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal Coastal scrub; elevation 60-90 meters.
Known only from the type collection ( i n
scrub; elevation 30-1 1 00 meters. 1 895). Extirpated b y urbanization . River­ Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms side County record from the Santa Rosa Threatened by non-native plants. Not in
May-October. Mtns. probably erroneous, based on a TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):238
Threatened by development in Monterey m isidentification of Sphaeralcea. Field sur­ ( 1 997) for original description.
County. A synonym of M. palmeri in TheJep­ veys unsuccessfu l . A synonym of M. fascic­
son Manual. See Synoptical Flora ofNorth ulatus in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 :2 1 6 ( 1 936) or original Malacothrix incana ( N utt. ) T. & G.
America 1 ( 1 ):3 1 0 ( 1 897) for original
description, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany description, and 6(6): 1 3 6 ( 1 95 1 ) for "du nedelion" Asteraceae
6(6): 1 2 1 ( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature. revised nomenclature. Llst 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Santa Barbara, San Clemente Island,
Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. ) Malacothrix foliosa Santa Cruz Island*, San Diego*, San Luis
See Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa Obispo, San Miguel Island, San Nicolas
Greene var. lucianus Kearn . Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura
"Arroyo Seco bush mallow" Malvaceae Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub; elevation
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp. 2-35 meters.
Monterey crispifolia W. 5 . Davis
Perennial herb, bloomsJanuary-October.
3 1 9B, 344D "wavy-leaved malacothrix" Asteraceae Last collected on SCZ Isl in the 1 880's.
Chaparral, meadows and seeps; elevation List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 See American Midland Naturalist 58(2):506
1 0-91 5 meters. Anacapa Island ( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-August. ANAC
Known from only three occurrences: two Coastal scrub ( rocky); elevation 3-65 Malacothrix indecora Greene
near Big Sur, and one i n Arroyo Seco in meters.
"Santa Cruz Island malacothrix" Asteraceae
the Santa Lucia Mtns. A synonym of M. Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ly. List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
palmeri i n TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of Threatened by non-native plants. Not in
Western Botany 7(1 2):289-290 ( 1 955) for Federal Endangered
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):234 Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island,
original description.
( 1 997) for original description.
Santa Rosa Island
Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. ) SCZA, SCZB*, S M I E, SRON
Malacothrix foliosa Gray ssp.
Greene var. palmeri Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
foliosa d unes, coastal scrub; elevation 5-30
"Santa Lucia bush mallow" Malvaceae meters.
"leafy malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Annual herb, blooms Apri l-September.
Monterey?, San Lu is Obispo
San Clemente Island; Baja California* Known from only one occu rrence at
246B, 247A, 247D, 269C, 271 D, 3 1 8C?, Nidever Cyn. (San M iguel Island ) , one
Coastal scrub; elevation 3-1 50 meters.
365C?, 366C?, 366D? i n Lobo Cyn. (Santa Rosa Island), and
Annual herb, blooms March-J uly.
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 60-360 one at Black Pt. (Santa Cruz Islan d ) .
meters. See Madrano 44(3 ):223-244 ( 1 997) for Black Pt. a n d Lobo Cyn. occu rrences
taxonomic treatment. each has fewer than 1 00 i n d ividuals as
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J uly.
of 1 996. Threatened by feral herbivores,
Monterey Cou nty plants need confi rma­
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp. and possibly by erosion. See Bulletin of
tion. Threatened by alteration of fire the California Academy ofSciences 2: 1 5 2
regimes. A synonym of M. palmeri in The philbrickii W. 5 . Davis ( 1 886) for original descri ption, and
Jepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ "Phil brick's malacothrix" Asteraceae Madrano 44(3 ): 223-244 ( 1 997) for tax­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:250 List 18 / RED 2-2-3 onomic treatment.
( 1 877) for original description.
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA Malacothrix junakii W. 5 . Davis
Coastal scrub; elevation 60- 1 00 meters. "J u n ak's malcothrix" Asteraceae
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne. List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Anacapa Island
ANAC
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 217

Coastal scrub; elevation 20-25 meters. Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island Malvastrum kernense
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne. ANAC, SCZC See Eremalche kernensis
Threatened by non-native plants. Not in Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):241 tane woodland ; elevation 1 5-200 meters. Marina orcuttii (Wats. ) Barne by var.
( 1 997) for original descri ption. Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. orcuttii
Last seen on Santa Cruz Island in 1 968 "Californ ia marina" Fabaceae
Malacothrix phaeocarpa W. Davis and on Anacapa Island . in 1 986. Threat­
List 1 8 / RED 3 - 1 -2
"dusky-fruited malacothrix" Asteraceae ened by feral herbivores on Santa Cruz
Island, and by seabird-caused erosion on Riverside; Baja California
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island. Field surveys needed; 65C
Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, 1 989 surveys on Anacapa Island. were
San Luis Obispo Chaparral, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
unsuccesfu l . See Bulletin ofthe California land, Sonoran desert scrub / rocky;
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / Academy ofSciences 2 : 1 52 ( 1 886) for origi­ elevation 1 050-1 1 60 meters.
openings, burned or disturbed areas; nal description, and Madrano 44(3):223-
elevation 1 00-1 400 meters. 244 ( 1 997) for taxonomic treatment. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne. Known in Californ ia from only two
occurrences at Deep Cyn. in the Santa
Similar to M. floccifera. See Madrano 40(2): Malaxis brachypoda Rosa Mtns. See Memoirs ofthe New York
1 0 1 ( 1 993) for original description. See Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda Botanical Garden 2 7:85 ( 1 977) for revised
nomenclature.
Malacothrix saxatilis ( N utt. ) T. & G Malaxis monophyllos ( L. ) Swartz
var. arachnoidea ( McGregor) E. ssp. brachypoda (Gray) A. Love & D. Marsilea oligospora
Wil liams Love Considered but rejected : too common
"Carmel Val ley malacothrix" Asteraceae "adder's-mouth" Orchidaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 List 2 / RED 3-3-1 Matelea parvifolia (Torr. ) Woodson
Monterey, Santa Barbara Riverside*, San Bernardino; and else­ "spearleaf" Asclepiadaceae
1 67C, 342C, 343A, 343B, 343D, 344A, where List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
366D 83C*, 1 05A Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 25-335 Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, Arizona, Baja Californ ia, Nevada, Texas,
meters. upper montane con iferous forest I and elsewhere
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms mesic; elevation 2200-2700 meters. 32B, 6 1 A, 6 1 C, 63A, 65B, 65C, 1 02C,
March-December. Peren n ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms 201 C
Known from approximately ten occur­ June-August. Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Rediscovered in 1 989 by R. Coleman at scrub / rocky; elevation 440-1 095 meters.
Club 3 6 : 605 ( 1 909) for original descrip­ South Fork Meadows in the San Bernar­ Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
tion, and American Midland Naturalist dino Mtns. Recent surveys ( 1 989, 1 990,
58(2): 509 ( 1 957) for revised nomen­ and 1 992) have fai led to fi nd historical
clature. occurrence from Tahquitz Valley in the Maurandya antirrhiniflora Wi l l d .
San Jacinto Mtns. Threatened by grazing ssp. antirrhiniflora
Malacothrix saxatilis var. implicata and tram pling. USFWS uses the name M. "violet twi n i ng snapdragon"
brachypoda. See Our Wild Orchids p. 358 Scroph u lariaceae
Considered but rejected : too common ( 1 929) for revised nomenclature, Native
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Orchids ofthe United States and Canada
Malacothrix saxatilis ( N utt. ) T. & G ( 1 975) by Luer for nomenclature, Fremon­ San Bernard ino; Arizona, Sonora ( Mexi­
tia 1 8( 1 ) : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 990) for account of co), Texas, and elsewhere
var. saxatilis
rediscovery, and The Wild Orchids ofCali­ 1 75B, 1 76A, 20 1 C
"cliff malacothrix" Asteraceae fornia, p. 1 00-1 03 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman Joshua tree "wood land'', Mojavean
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 for species accou nt. desert scrub / carbonate; elevation
Santa Barbara, Ventura 760-1 525 meters.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub; Malperia tenuis Wats. Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
elevation 3-200 meters.
"brown turbans" Asteraceae Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 occurrences in the Providence Mtns. See
March-September. Systematic Botany Monographs 5:48-49
Imperial, San Diego; Baja California
See American Midland Naturalist 58( 2) : 5 1 0 ( 1 985) for original description.
( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment. 5B, 6A, 1 7C, 1 8C,1 8D, 3 1 D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
1 5-335 meters.
Malacothrix squalida Greene
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l.
" island malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
218 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Maurandya petrophila Cov. & Meesia uliginosa Hedw. Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
Mort. 0-700 meters.
Meesiaceae
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"rock lady" Scroph u lariaceae Ust 2 / RED 2-2-1
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Fresno, Mariposa?, Siskiyou, Tu lare;
State Rare Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere Mentzelia hirsutissima var.
I nyo 308A, 375B, 699D stenophylla
Meadows and seeps, upper montane See Mentzelia hirsutissima
368A, 368C, 368D
coniferous forest / damp soi l ; elevation
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
1 300-2500 meters. Mentzelia leucophylla
rocky); elevation 5 1 5-1 675 meters.
Moss. Considered but rejected : not in Cal ifor­
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Scattered occu rrences in Cal ifornia, pri­ nia; misidentification of M. oreophila
Known from only five occurrences i n
marily in Sierra Nevada and southern
Titus and Fall canyons. USFWS uses the
Cascade Range. Need confirmation of Mentzelia nitens
name Holmgrenanthe petrophila. Seejournal
county for Bolander collection ( l i kely
ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences 25: Considered but rejected: too common
from Yosemite NP). See Spec. Muse. p. 1 73
2 9 1 ( 1 935) for original descri ption, and
( 1 801 ) for original descri ption.
Systematic Botany Monographs 5 : 54-56 Mentzelia reflexa
( 1 985) for revised nomenclature.
Melica inflata Considered but rejected : too common

Meconella californica Considered but rejected: too common; a

synonym of M. bulbosa var. inflata Mentzelia torreyi Gray
Considered but rejected: too common
"Torrey's blazing star" Loasaceae
Meconella denticulata Melica spectabilis Scri b n . List 2 / RED 2-2-1
"pu rple onion grass" Poaceae I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
Considered but re3ected: too common
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 372B, 41 3B, 4 1 4A, 432B, 432C, 433A,
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no; 433C, 433D, 469C, 470A, 470B, 470D,
Meconella oregana N utt. 487C
Oregon, and elsewhere
"Oregon meconella" Papaveraceae Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ scrub, pi nyon and juniper woodland /
Contra Costa, Santa Clara; Oregon, ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 200-2600 sandy or rocky, alkal i ne, usually volcanic;
Washi ngton , and elsewhere meters. elevation 1 1 70-2835 meters.
426D, 465B, 465C, 466A Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation May-Ju ly. Possibly threatened by vehicles, grazing,
250-500 meters. and trampli ng. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l. Menodora scabra can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0: 72
( 1 874) for original description, and Annals
Known in California only from five occur­ Considered but rejected : too common ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 2 1 : 1 58-1 59
rences. Threatened by alteration of fire ( 1 934) for taxonomic treatment.
regimes. Candidate for state l isting in Mentzelia eremophila U eps.) H .J .
Oregon, and state-listed as Threatened in
Washi ngton . Not in TheJepson Manual. Tho m ps. &Joyce Roberts Mentzelia tridentata (A. Davids.)
"sol itary blazing star" Loasaceae H .J . Tho m ps. &J oyce Roberts
Meesia triquetra ( Ric ht. ) An gstr. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 "creamy blazing star" Loasaceae
I nyo, Kern, San Bernardino List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Meesiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation Imperial, I nyo, Kern, Riverside, San
700-1 220 meters. Bernard i no, San Diego
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt,
Plu mas, Siskiyou, Tu lare; Nevada, Ore­ Annual herb, blooms March-May. 34A, 64A, 64B, 1 81 A, 1 8 1 B, 1 8 1 C,
gon , and elsewhere Threatened by vehicles, grazi ng, and min­ 1 8 1 D, 235B, 235C, 282B, 305B
354D, 396D, 41 6B, 522C, 607A, 608D, i ng. Can be confused with M. nitens. See Mojavean desert scru b; elevation
634B, 699D Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, 700-1 1 60 meters.
p. 650 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for original Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, upper description, and Phytologia 2 1 (4):281
montane coniferous forest (mesic) / soil; ( 1 97 1 ) for revised nomenclature. Need q uads for Imperial County. See Bul­
elevation 1 300-2500 meters. letin ofthe Southern California Academy ofSci­
Moss. ences 9:71 ( 1 9 1 0) for original descri ption,
Mentzelia hirsutissima Wats. and Phytologia 21 ( 4):287 ( 1 97 1 ) for
Infrequently encou ntered in California.
"hai ry stickleaf" Loasaceae revised nomenclature.
Probably impacted by intensive grazing.
See Codex. Bot. Linn. p. 1 045 ( 1 840) for List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
original description, and Nov. Act. R. Soc. I mperial, San Diego; Baja California Menyanthes trifoliata
Sc. Upsa/. 1 2:357 ( 1 844) for revised 5B, 7A, 1 8C, 1 9A, 1 9B, 32A Considered but rejected: too common
nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 21 9

Menziesia ferruginea Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps; Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
Considered but rejected: too com mon elevation 1 630-23 1 5 meters. forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
Known i n California from fewer than ten Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Mertensia bella Piper
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. See Known in California from only two occur­
"Oregon lungwort" Boraginaceae Botanical Gazette 30: 1 95 ( 1 900) for origi­ rences near Bald Mtn. and at Lake Prairie.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri State-listed as Sensitive in Washington.
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon, and elsewhere Botanical Garden 24: 1 30 ( 1 937) for revised
736B, 738B nomenclature.
Microseris decipiens
Meadows and seeps, upper montane See Stebbinsoseris decipiens
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation Mertensia oblongifolia ( N utt. ) G .
1 500-2000 meters. D o n var. oblongifolia
Microseris douglasii ( DC . ) Sch .­
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly. "sagebrush bl uebel ls" Boraginaceae Bip. var. platycarpha (Gray)
Sensitive in Idaho, and on review list i n List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Cham bers
Oregon . See Proceedings ofthe Biological Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
Society ofWashington 3 1 :76 ( 1 9 1 8) for Wash ington , Wyoming, and elsewhere "small-flowered m icroseris" Asteraceae
708D, 724B, 724C
original descri ption. List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ Clemente Island , Santa Catalina Island,
Mertensia cusickii Piper erous forest, meadows and seeps, sub­ San Diego; Baja California
"Toiyabe bluebel ls" Boraginaceae alpine coniferous forest / usually mesic;
elevation 1 000-3000 meters. Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, val­
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 ley and foothill grassland, vernal pools /
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly. clay; elevation 1 5-1 070 meters.
673C, 690B, 691 D Known in California only from the Warner Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Mtns. Threatened by grazing. See Annals of
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps; Severely declining due to urban develop­
elevation 1 495-2500 meters.
the Missouri Botanical Garden 24: 1 23 ( 1 937)
for taxonomic treatment. ment. See Contributions from the Dudley
Peren nial herb, blooms June-J u ly. Herbarium 4(7):296-298 ( 1 955) for taxo-
Known i n California from fewer than ten nomic treatment.
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. Threat­
Micropus amphibolus Gray
ened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey "Mt. Diablo cottonweed" Asteraceae Microseris laciniata ssp.
Botanical Club 29:643 ( 1 902) for original List 3 / RED ?-2-3 siskiyouensis
description. Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Lake, Considered but rejected : too common
Monterey, Marin, Napa, Santa Barbara,
Mertensia longiflora Greene Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma
Microseris paludosa (Greene) J .T.
" l o n g bluebel ls" 1 680, 1 69B, 1 94D, 366D, 387B, 407C,
Boraginaceae Howel l
408C, 408D, 428B, 465A, 465B, 465C,
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
466B, 466C, 467A, 467B, 482B, 484A, "marsh m icroseris" Asteraceae
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Wash­ 484D, 500C, 501 D, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
i ngton, and elsewhere 5 1 8B, 534B, 534D, 547C, 549D Mendoci no, Monterey, Marin, Santa
69 1 A, 707C, 708D, 724C Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, Cruz, San Francisco*, San Luis Obispo,
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ cismontane wood land, valley and foothi l l San Mateo*, Sonoma
erous forest; elevation 1 525-2200 grassland / rocky; elevation 45-825 2 7 1 A, 271 B, 272A, 296D, 366C, 366D,
meters. meters. 387B, 408C, 429C*, 466C* , 467A, 485B,
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne. Annual herb, blooms March-May. 485C, 501 C, 502A, 502C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 8D
Threatened by grazing. See Pittonia 3:261 Move to List 4? Can be confused with M. Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­
( 1 898) for original descri ption. californicus. Many occu rrences old; need tane woodland, coastal scrub, valley and
cu rrent status information . See Proceed­ foothill grassland; elevation 5-300 meters.
ings ofthe American Academy ofArts and Sci­ Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Mertensia oblongifolia ( N utt.) G. ences 1 7: 2 1 4 ( 1 882) for original
Don var. amoena (A. Nels. ) L. descri ption. Need quads for Mendocino County. Sim­
Wi l liams ilar to M. laciniata spp. leptosepala. See Bul­
letin ofthe California Academy ofSciences
"beautifu l bl uebells" Boraginaceae Microseris borealis ( Bong. ) 2(5):52 ( 1 886) for original description,
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Sch .-Bip. and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5: 1 08
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, ( 1 948) for revised nomenclature.
" northern m icroseris" Asteraceae
Utah, Washi ngton, Wyom ing, and else­
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
where
H u m boldt, Mendoci no*; Oregon, Wash­
674A, 690C, 691 A, 691 D, 707B, 708A,
ington, and elsewhere
724A, 724B
5690*, 671 A, 671 D
220 CNPS I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Microseris sylvatica ( Benth . ) Move to List 4? Location, rarity, and Known from only two collections (last i n
Sch u ltz-Bip. endangerment i nformation needed, 1 932). Possibly extirpated by grazing.
espec i a l l y q uads for Fresno and Tulare Recent field surveys (including 1 994-1 996)
"sylvan m icroseris" Asteraceae cou nties. Many m isidentifications of unsuccessful. May be conspecific with M.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Sequoia-Kings Canyon NP plants. A syn­ latifolius, which is rare on arroyo beds and
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa, onym of M. inconspicuus in TheJepson Man­ cliffs on Guadalupe Island. A synonym of
Colusa, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Lassen, Los ual. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy of M. latifolius in TheJepson Manual.
Angeles( ? * ), Merced, Napa, Nevada, Sciences 1 : 1 1 7 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
Placer, San Benito, Santa Clara*, Solano, tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tuolum ne, Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):202-203 ( 1 924) for taxo­ Mimulus clevelandii Bdg.
Tu lare, Yolo nomic treatment. "Cleveland's bush mon keyflower"
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, Great Scrophu lariaceae
Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­ Mimulus alsinoides List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
land, valley and footh i l l grassland (ser­ Considered but rejected : too common Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
pentin ite); elevation 45-1 500 meters. California
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Mimulus arenarius forest / orren in disturbed areas, open­
Threatened by grazing and agriculture. Considered but rejected: too com mon; i ngs; elevation 9 1 5-2000 meters.
perhaps a synonym of M. f/oribundus
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Mielichhoferia elongata ( Hoppe &
H ornsc h . ex H ook.) Nees & H ornsch. Threatened by recreational activities. See
Mimulus aridus (Abrams) Grant Garden and Forest 8: 1 34 ( 1 895) for origi­
Bryaceae " low bush monkeyflower" Scrophulariaceae nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2 Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3):327-328 ( 1 924)
Fresno, Mariposa, Santa Cruz, Trinity, I m perial, San Diego; Baja California for taxonomic treatment.
Tu lare; and elsewhere
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 750-1 1 00
354D, 375D, 377A, 409D, 438B, 668C meters. Mimulus cusickii (Greene) Rattan
Cismontane wood land (metamorphic, Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ly. "Cusick's mon keyflower" Scrophu lariaceae
rock, usually vernally mesic); elevation List 2 / RED 3-1-1
See M. aurantiacus in TheJepson Manual.
500-1 300 meters.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Moss. 3 2 : 540 ( 1 905) for original description, Washi ngton
Common ly called "copper mosses"-dis­ and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 690B, 690C, 691 B, 693 D
tinctive glossy blue-green coloration aids 1 1 (2-3):336-337 ( 1 924) for revised
nomenclature. Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
identification. See Bryol. Germ. 1 86:41
erous forest; elevation 600-1 830 meters.
( 1 83 1 ) for original descri ption.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Mimulus barbatus
Mielichhoferia tehamensis S howers Known in California only from the south­
Considered but rejected : too common;
ern Warner Mtns. See Pittonia 1 :36
Bryaceae perhaps a synonym ofM. montioides
( 1 887) for original description, West
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 Coast Botany, p. 63 ( 1 898) by V. Rattan
Shasta, Tehama M imulus bifidus ssp. bifidus for revised nomenclature, and Annals of
Considered but rejected : too common the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 : 281 -283
625B, 626A, 643D, 644D
( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment.
Alpine bou lder and rock field (volcanic,
mesic, rock and soil ) ; elevation 2 500- M imulus biolettii
2800 meters. See Mimulus filicaulis Mimulus dentatus
Moss. Considered but rejected : too common
Known only from Lassen Volcanic NP. Mimulus brachiatus
See The Bryologist 83:365-366 ( 1 980) for Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Mimulus diffusus Grant
original description. M. layneae; a common taxon " Palomar m o n keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Mimulus acutidens Greene M imulus brandegei Pen n . Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
" Ki ngs River mon keyflower" California
"Santa Cruz Island monkeyflower"
Scrophulariaceae Scrophu lariaceae Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
List 3 I RED ?-?-3 List 1A forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
Fresno, Madera, Tu lare 1 220-1 830 meters.
Santa Cruz Island *
354B, 355A, 376D, 397C, 41 8A Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
SCZA*
Cismontane woodland, lower montane A synonym of M. palmeri in TheJepson Man­
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­ ual; possibly indistinct from it. See Annals
coniferous forest; elevation 305-1 220 land / rocky; elevation 60-305 meters.
meters.
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) :254
Annual herb, blooms March-May. ( 1 925) for original description.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 221

Mimulus dudleyi Threatened by logging and reforestation Mimulus gracilipes Rob.

Considered but rejected: too com mon; with herbicides, and possibly by grazing.
I ncludes M. biolettii. See Proceedings ofthe "slender-stalked mon keyflower"
perhaps a synonym ofM. floribundus Scrophulariaceae
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 26: 1 25
( 1 89 1 ) for original description, Annals of List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mimulus evanescens M e i n ke the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3):251 - Fresno, Mariposa, Tuolumne
"ephemeral mon keyflower" 252 ( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment, and 355A, 376B, 377A, 397C, 41 9B
Scro p h u lariaceae Changing Seasons 1 (3):3-5 ( 1 98 1 ) for taxo­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
nomic discussion.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 montane coniferous forest / decomposed
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Idaho, Neva­ granitic, often in burned or disturbed
da?, Oregon Mimulus flemingii M u nz areas; elevation 500-1 300 meters.
639A, 642B, 643A, 657B, 659C?, 676D, " island bush mon keyflower" Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
7 1 2A, 7 1 4B Scrophu lariaceae Need q uads for Tuolumne County.
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Threatened by logging, grazing, veh icles,
erous forest, pinyon and jun iper wood­ Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island, and non-native plants. See Proceedings of
land / gravelly or rocky, vernally mesic; Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
elevation 1 250-1 700 meters. 2 6 : 1 76 ( 1 89 1 ) for origi nal descri ption,
Coastal bl uff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
Annual herb, bloomsJ une-August. ous forest, chaparral , coastal scrub /
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
1 1 ( 2-3 ) : 2 5 2-253 ( 1 924) for the taxo­
nomic treatment, and Madrano 28( 1 ) : 41
Known in California from approximately rocky; elevation 3-535 meters.
six occurrences, and one in Oregon; other Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March­ ( 1 9 8 1 ) for range extension i nformation.
eight known occurrences outside Califor­ October.
nia not recently confirmed. Does plant I ncreasing on Santa Cruz Island after
occur in Nevada? Possibly threatened by Mimulus grayi Grant
red uction offeral sheep population. See
trampling and hydrological alterations. M. aurantiacus in TheJepson Manual. "Gray's mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
Can be confused with M. breviflorus. On List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
review list in Idaho, and candidate for
state l isti ng i n Oregon. Not in TheJepson Mimulus glabratus Ku nth. ssp. Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
Manual. See Great Basin Naturalist 55(3 ): utahensis Pen n . Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
250 ( 1 995) for original description. montane coniferous forest / mesic;
"Utah mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae elevation 550-2900 meters.
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Mimulus exiguus Gray Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere
A synonym of M. inconspicuus in TheJepson
"San Bernard i n o Mou ntains mon keyflower" 326A, 453A, 453B Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Scrophulariaceae
Meadows and seeps, pinyon and juniper Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):203 ( 1 924) for original
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 wood land ; elevation 6 1 0-2000 meters. descri ption.
San Bernardino; Baja California
Peren n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D Apri l . Mimulus guttatus ssp. arenicola
Meadows and seeps, pebble (pavement) Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than five Considered but rejected : too common;
plain, u pper montane coniferous forest / occurrences. Threatened by the dewater­ perhaps a synonym ofM. guttatus
mesic, clay; elevation 1 800-23 1 5 meters. ing of Mono Lake. See M. guttatus in The
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. Jepson Manual.
Mimulus inconspicuus Gray
Threatened by development and vehicles.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Mimulus glaucescens Greene "small-Aowered mon keyflower"
Arts and Sciences 20:307 ( 1 885) for origi­ Scrophu lariaceae
"shield-bracted monkeyflower" List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
nal descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Scrophulariaceae
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3): 256-257 ( 1 924) Amador, Calaveras, Mariposa, Tuolumne
for taxonomic treatment. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Nevada, Shasta,
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
Tehama
Mimulus filicaulis Wats. elevation 455-760 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
"slender-stem med mon keyflower" Annual herb, blooms May-June.
montane coniferous forest, valley and
Scrophulariaceae footh ill grassland / serpentin ite seeps; Does not include M. acutidens or M. grayi.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 elevation 60-1 240 meters. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition
Mariposa, Tuolumne 4: 1 20 ( 1 857) for original descri ption,
Annual herb, blooms February-August.
and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
41 9B, 438A, 438B, 438C, 438D, 439A, See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ 1 1 ( 2-3):204-206 ( 1 924) for taxonomic
456A, 456C, 456D, 457C, 457D ences 1 : 1 1 3 ( 1 885) for original descrip­ treatment.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 75-1 76 ( 1 924) for taxo­
upper montane coniferous forest / ver­ nomic treatment.
nally mesic; elevation 900-1 750 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
222 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Mimulus johnstonii Grant Most historical occurrences i n the Mimulus pictus (Curran ) Gray
Barstow area have been extirpated or
"Joh nston's mon keyflower" impacted . Threatened by development, "calico mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
Scro p h u lariaceae m i n i ng, non-native plants, and vehicles. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 See Botanical Gazette 9: 1 42 ( 1 884) for Kern, Tulare
Los Angeles, San Bernardino original description, and Annals ofthe Mis­ 21 2A, 2 1 2B, 2 1 3A, 2 1 3C, 238B, 238C,
Lower montane coniferous forest (scree, souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) :308-309 238D, 239B, 259B, 260A, 261 C, 2 6 1 D,
disturbed areas, rocky or gravel ly); ( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment. 262A, 262D, 286C, 286D, 309C, 3 1 0A,
elevation 1 280-2920 meters. 310D
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August. M imulus norrisii Heckard & Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
Known only from the San Gabriel and Shevock woodland / granitic; elevation 1 00- 1 300
San Bernard ino mou ntains. lntergrades meters.
" Kaweah mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
with M. constrictus in the Western Trans­ Annual herb, blooms March-May.
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
verse Ranges. See Annals ofthe Missouri Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe
Botanical Garden 1 1 :280 ( 1 924) for origi­ Fresno, Tu lare
California Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 06 ( 1 885)
nal description. 332A, 332B, 332D, 3S3C, 354D, 376D for original descri ption, and Annals ofthe
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):324
Mimulus laciniatus Gray carbonate, rocky; elevation 365-1 300 ( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment.
meters.
"cut-leaved mon keyflower"
Annual herb, blooms March-May. Mimulus primuloides ssp.
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Known from fewer than ten occu rrences linearifolius
in the Kaweah and Kings River drai nages. Considered but rejected : too common
Amador, Butte, Fresno, Madera, Mari­
See Madroiio 32(3): 1 79-1 85 ( 1 985) for
posa, Plumas, Tulare, Tuolumne
original description.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Mimulus pulchellus (Greene) Grant
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
mesic, granitic; elevation 490-2650 Mimulus nudatus Greene "pansy mon keyfower" Scrophulariaceae
meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
"bare mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly. Calaveras, Mariposa, Tuolumne
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Lake, Mendocino, Napa 437A, 437B, 455B, 456A, 456B, 456D,
Arts and Sciences 1 1 :98 ( 1 876) for original 457C, 458A, 474C, 474D, 475B, 492C,
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / 493A
description, and Annals ofthe Missouri serpentin ite seeps; elevation 250-700
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 83- 1 84 ( 1 924) meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
for taxonomic treatment. ows and seeps / vernally mesic; elevation
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. 600-2000 meters.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Mimulus latidens ences 1 : 1 1 4 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
Considered but rejected: too common tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Threatened by vehicles, logging, and graz­
Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 76- 1 77 ( 1 924) for taxo­ ing, and potentially threatened by devel­
nomic treatment. opment. See Pittonia 2 : 1 04 ( 1 890) for
Mimulus microphyllus Benth . origi nal description, and Annals ofthe Mis­
"small-leaved mon keyflower" souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 3 1 6-3 1 7
Scro p h u I ari aceae Mimulus parryi Gray ( 1 924) for revised nomenclature.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 " Parry's mon keyfower" Scrophulariaceae
Kern List 2 / RED 2-1-1 Mimulus purpureus Grant
Meadows and seeps ( mesic); elevation I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah "pu rple mon keyflower" Scrophu lariaceae
1 770-2450 meters. 350D, 372D, 3 9 1 C, 392A, 392B, 41 2C, List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Annual herb, blooms May-August. 41 20 San Bernard i no; Baja Cal iforn ia
See M. guttatus in TheJepson Manual. Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 200-2600 84C, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
meters.
Meadows and seeps, pebble (pavement)
Mimulus mohavensis Lem mo n Ann ual herb, blooms May. plain, u pper montane coniferous forest;
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of elevation 1 900-2300 meters.
" M oj ave mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae Arts and Sciences 1 1 :97 ( 1 876) for original
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
San Bernardino Botanical Garden 1 1 : 276-2 77 ( 1 924) for Known i n California from fewer than
taxonomic treatment. twenty occurrences. Threatened by devel­
1 30B, 1 32A, 1 55B, 1 58A, 1 58D, 1 8 1 A,
opment and vehicles. See Annals ofthe
1 8 1 C, 1 8 1 D, 1 82A*, 1 82 D
Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):255
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean M imulus parviflorus ( 1 925) for original description.
desert scrub / gravel ly; elevation See Mimulus flemingii
600-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 223

Rediscovered i n 1 980. Threatened by A synonym of M. fremontii in TheJepson

grazing and hydrological alterations. Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Lassen N F has adopted species manage­ Garden 1 1 (2-3):285-286 ( 1 924) for taxo­
ment guideli nes. See Annals ofthe Missouri nomic treatment.
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):3 1 2 ( 1 925) for
original description.
Mimulus traskiae Grant
"Santa Catalina Island mon keyflower"
Mimulus rattanii Gray ssp. Scro p h u lariaceae
decurtatus (Grant) Pen n . List 1A
"Santa Cruz County mon keyflower" Santa Catalina Island *
Scrophu lariaceae S CTE*
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Coastal scru b?; elevation unknown.
Monterey, Santa Cruz
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / margins, gravelly; elevation Known only from the type collection ( i n
400-500 meters. 1 904) near Avalon; locality vague. Possi­
bly extirpated by grazing. See Field Muse­
Annual herb, blooms May-July. um ofNatural History 5:226 ( 1 923) for
Field work needed . Threatened by sand original descri ption, and Annals ofthe Mis­
mining. A synonym of M. rattanii in The souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):323 ( 1 924)
Jepson Manual. for taxonomic treatment.

Mimulus rupicola Cov. & Grant Mimulus whipplei Grant

" Death Valley mon keyflower" "Wh i pple's mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus pictus List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 1A
I nyo Calaveras*
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate, 475B*
rocky); elevation 300-1 800 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest;
Annual herb, blooms March-May. elevation 670 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Mimulus shevockii H eckard & Known only from the type collection ( i n
Bacig. 1 854 ) . Many recent searches have not
rediscovered this plant. See M. guttatus in
" Kelso Creek mon keyflower"
TheJepson Manual. See Annals ofthe Mis­
Scrophu lariaceae
souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 84 ( 1 924)
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
for original description.
Kern
259C, 260B, 260D Mimulus whitneyi
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and Considered but rejected: too common
juniper woodland / sandy, granitic;
elevation 825-1 340 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Minuartia decumbens T.W. Nelson
&J . P. Nelson
Known from only eight occurrences.
Threatened by residential development, "The Lassies sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
agricu ltural conversion, and vehicles. See List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Madrano 33( 4):271 -277 ( 1 986) for origi­ Tri nity
nal description.
634D
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
Mimulus pygmaeus Grant Mimulus subsecundus Gray montane con iferous forest / serpenti nite;
" Egg Lake mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae "one-sided mon keyflower" elevation 1 500-1 675 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Scrophu lariaceae Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou; Oregon List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 Known from only one occurrence i n the
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­ Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Mount Lassies area. See Brittonia 33(2):
ous forest, meadows and seeps, pinyon Obispo 1 62-1 64 ( 1 98 1 ) for original descri ption.
and juniper woodland / vernally mesic, Lower montane coniferous forest;
volcanic, clay; elevation 500-1 840 meters. elevation 450-9 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August. Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
224 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Minuartia howellii (Wats. ) Mattf. Minuartia obtusiloba ( Ryd b . ) Minuartia rosei ( Magu ire &
" Howell's sandwort" Caryophyl laceae H ouse Barneby) McNei l l
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2 "alpine sandwort" Caryophyl laceae " Peanut sandwort" Caryophyllaceae
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
71 8A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 740A, 740D Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne; Oregon , Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
a n d elsewhere Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite, xeric; elevation Alpine boulder and rock field, alpine pentinite); elevation 750-1 525 meters.
550-1 000 meters. dwarf scrub, subalpine coniferous forest / Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. granitic, metamorphic; elevation 3 1 50-
3700 meters. Possibly threatened by logging. See
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Rhodora 82 :499 ( 1 980) for taxonomic
Arts and Sciences 20:354 ( 1 885) for origi­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J uly-August. treatment.
nal descri ption.
Minuartia stolonifera T.W. Nelson
& J . P. Nelson
"Scott Mou ntain sandwort"
Caryophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 3- 1 -3
Siskiyou
700C
Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­
penti n ite); elevation 1 250- 1 400 meters.
Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Known only from two occurrences in the
Mimulus shevockii Scott Mtn. Pass area. See Brittonia 43 ( 1 ) :
1 7-1 9 ( 1 991 ) for original description.

Mirabilis alipes
Considered but rejected: too common

Mirabilis coccinea (Torr. ) Benth . &

H ook.
"red four o'clock" Nyctaginaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico, Sonora (Mexico)
200B, 274D
Pinyon and jun iper woodland; elevation
1 070-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Botany ofthe U.S. and Mexican Boundary
Survey, p. 1 69 ( 1 859) by W. Emory for
original descri ption.

Mirabilis greenei Wats.

"Greene's fou r o'clock" Nyctaginaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Siskiyou, Tehama
Cismontane woodland, pi nyon and
juniper woodland / gravel ly, tal us;
elevation 300-1 065 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 225

See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Chaparral, cismontane woodland; Chaparral, cismontane woodland , lower
Arts and Sciences 1 2 :253 ( 1 876) for original elevation 500- 1 000 meters. montane coniferous forest / sandy or
description, and Madrano 25(3):1 1 3-1 32 Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms gravelly; elevation 1 50-800 meters.
( 1 978) for taxonomic treatment. June-August. Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
Move to List 4? Easily confused with M. Does plant occur i n Tuo l u m ne County?
Mirabilis tenuiloba Wats. villosa ssp. villosa, wh ich may be the taxon See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
occurring in Alameda, Contra Costa, San 1 2 : 1 -1 06 ( 1 925) for taxonomic
"slender-lobed fou r o'clock" Nyctagi naceae
Benito, and Santa Clara counties; needs treatment.
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1
clarification.
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja Cal ifornia, Sonora (Mexico) Monardella cinerea Abrams
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
Monardella antonina Hard ham ssp. "gray m onardella" Lamiaceae
300-1 095 meters. benitensis ( Hard ham ) j okerst List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. "San Ben ito m onardella" Lamiaceae Los Angeles, San Bernardino
See Madrofio 40(3):1 78 ( 1 993) for first List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
Arizona record . Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo alpine con iferous forest, u pper montane
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation coniferous forest; elevation 1 800-3050
500-9 1 5 meters. meters.
Mitella caulescens N utt.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
" leafy-stem med m itrewort" Saxifragaceae July-August.
June-J u ly.
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
See Leaflets of Western Botany 8( 3): 55
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no, Siski­
( 1 956) for original descri ption, and Phy­ Monardella crispa El m er
you, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , and else­
tologia 72(1 ) : 9-1 6 ( 1 992) for revised "crisp m onardella" Lam i aceae
where
nomenclature.
552A, 552B, 568C, 569D, 61 3B, 653B, List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
653C, 671 D, 686C, 70 1 B, 71 9B, 723A, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
736A, 738D Monardella australis
1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 96A, 1 96B, 1 96D, 2 2 1 D
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ Considered but rejected : too common
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub; elevation
tane coniferous forest, meadows and 1 0- 1 20 meters.
seeps, North Coast con iferous forest / Monardella beneolens Shevock, B. Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
mesic; elevation 6 1 0-1 700 meters. Ertter &jokerst April-August.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
"sweet-sme l l i ng monarde l la" Lamiaceae Threatened by vehicles. Hybrid izes with
May-J u ly.
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3 M. frutescens.
I nyo, Kern, Tu lare
Monarda pectinata N utt.
258B, 329A, 329B, 329D Monardella diaboli
"plains bee bal m " Lam i aceae Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine Considered but rejected : not published
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 coniferous forest, upper montane conifer­
San Bernard ino; Arizona, New Mexico, ous forest / granitic; elevation 2500-3500
Texas, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
Monardella douglasii Benth. ssp.
meters.
venosa (Torr. ) jokerst
1 99C Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Joshua tree "woodland " , pi nyon and J uly-September. "veiny monardel la" Lamiaceae
juniper wood land / rocky; elevation List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
Known from only three occu rrences on
1 1 50-1 525 meters. the eastern Sierran crest. Remoteness of Butte, Sutter*, Tuolumne
Annual herb, bloomsJuly-September. occurrences lim its disturbance. Hybridizes 459A, 544D*, 576A* , 576B, 577A*,
with M. linoides ssp. linoides and M. odoratis­ 593D*
Known in California only from one occur­
sima ssp. pa/Iida. See Madrofio 36(4):271 - Cismontane woodland, valley and foothi l l
rence in the Vontrigger Hi lls. See University
279 ( 1 989) for original description. grassland / heavy clay; elevation 60-41 0
ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 41 : 53-54
( 1 967) for taxonomic treatment. meters.
Monardella benitensis Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Monardella antonina Hard ham ssp. See Monardella antonina ssp. benitensis Rediscovered in 1 992 by B. Castro.
antonina Threatened by development of waste­
Monardella candicans Benth. water treatment plant. See Madrofio
"San Antonio Hills monardella" Lamiaceae 40( 4 ): 270 ( 1 993) for information on
List 3 / RED ?-?-3 "Sierra monardella" Lamiaceae rediscovery.
Alameda?, Contra Costa?, Monterey, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
San Benito?, Santa Clara? Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno,
295A, 296A, 3 1 8D, 3 1 9A, 3 1 9C, 344B, Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer,
3620?, 385C?, 446C?, 4640?, 465B? San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tu lare,
Tuolumne?
226 CNPS I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Monardella follettii U eps.) j okerst Last seen in 1 941 . May have been extir­ Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
pated by agricultu re. Good potential for J une-August.
"Follett's monardella" Lamiaceae rediscovery, but field surveys in 1 990- I ntermediates to ssp. macrantha are com­
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 1 992 and 1 997 u nsuccessfu l . See Pro­ mon. See Muhlenbergia 8:26-44 ( 1 9 1 2)
Nevada, Plumas ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts for original descri ption.
542A, 590A, 590B, 606C, 606D and Sciences 7:385 ( 1 867) for o riginal
description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Lower montane con iferous forest ( rocky, Botanical Garden 1 2 :90-9 1 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for Monardella nana Gray ssp.
serpentinite); elevation 600-2000 meters. taxonomic treatment. leptosiphon (Torr. ) Abrams
Shrub, blooms J u ne-September.
"San Felipe m onardella" Lamiaceae
Known from eight occurrences. Threat­ Monardella linoides Gray ssp. List 1 8 I RED 3-2-2
ened by m i n ing and loggi ng. See Flora
of California 3 ( 2):437 ( 1 943) by W. L. oblonga (Greene) Abrams San Diego; Baja California
J epson for origi nal descri ption, and Phy­ "flax-like monardel la" Lamiaceae 48D, 49A, 49D
tologia 72(1 ) : 9- 1 6 ( 1 992) for revised List 18 / RED 3-1 -3 Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
nomenclature. Kern, Tulare, Ventura forest; elevation 1 200-1 855 meters.
1 89C, 1 90C, 1 90D, 1 9 1 0, 239B, 262D, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Monardella frutescens ( H oov. ) 285A June-J u ly.
J o kerst Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon Known in California from fewer than
"San Lu is Obispo monardel la" Lam i aceae and juniper wood land , upper montane twenty occurrences. Threatened by wood­
con iferous forest; elevation 900-2470 cutting, habitat conversion, and grazing.
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
meters. See Report ofthe U.S. and Mexican Boundary
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo Survey, p. 1 29 ( 1 859) by W. Emory for
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 71 D, 1 96A, 1 96B, 1 96D, origi nal description, and Muhlenbergia
June-August.
2 2 1 D, 247D 8:31 ( 1 9 1 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub (sandy); rences. Possi bly indistinct from ssp.
elevation 1 0-200 meters. linoides. Monardella palmeri Gray
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms " Palmer's monardella" Lamiaceae
May-September.
Monardella linoides Gray ssp. List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Threatened by coastal development and Monterey, San Luis Obispo
vehicles. Hybridizes with M. crispa. See
viminea (Greene) Abrams
Leaflets ofWestern Botany S: 1 79- 1 82 "wi l l owy monardella" Lamiaceae 245C, 246B, 246C, 2 72A, 295C, 296A,
( 1 949) for original description, and Phy­ 296B, 296C, 296D
List 18 / RED 2-3-2
tologia 72( 1 ):9-1 6 ( 1 992) for revised State Endangered/Federal
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
nomenclature. serpentinite; elevation 200-800 meters.
Endangered
San Diego; Baja California Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Monardella hypoleuca Gray ssp. June-August.
l OB, 1 0C, 2 1 B, 22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D
lanata (Abrams) M u nz Possibly threatened by development.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
"felt-leaved m onardel la" Lam i aceae coastal scrub, riparian scrub, riparian
List 18 / RED 2-2-2 scrub, riparian wood land; elevation Monardella pringlei Gray
Orange, San Diego; Baja California 50-400 meters. " Pri ngle's monardella" Lamiaceae
9B, 9C, l OA, 1 0D, 20A, 20B, 20C, 2 1 A, Perennial herb, blooms J une-August. List 1 A
2 1 D, 34A, 34C, 35C, 49D, 5 1 A, 69B, Known in California from fewer than fif­ Riverside*, San Bernardino*
69C, 70A teen occurrences, and in Baja California 1 07C*, 1 07D*
Chaparral, cismontane woodland; from only one population. Threatened by
u rbanization, road improvements, vehi­ Coastal scrub (sandy); elevation
elevation 300-1 1 90 meters. 300-400 meters.
cles, and non-native plants. See Pittonia
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms 5:85 ( 1 902) for original description. Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
J u ne-August.
Last seen i n 1 92 1 . Known from only two
Historical occurrences need field su rveys. occurrences from the vici n ity of Colton.
Monardella macrantha Gray ssp.
Habitat lost to urbanization. Recent field
hallii Abrams
Monardella leucocephala Gray su rveys have been unsuccessfu l . See Pro­
" Hall's monardella" Lamiaceae ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
" Merced monardella" Lam i aceae List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 Sciences 1 9:96 ( 1 883) for original descrip­
List 1A tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Orange, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
Merced * , Stan islaus* Diego Garden 1 2 :86-87 ( 1 925) for taxonomic
422B*, 423A* , 440B*, 441 A* treatment.
20A, 20D, 33D, 48C, 49A, 49B, 49C,
Valley and footh i l l grassland (sandy); 49D, 70A, 83C, 86A, 1 05C, 1 06B, 1 06D
elevation 35-1 00 meters. Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, Monardella purpurea
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August. cismontane woodland, lower montane Considered but rejected : too common
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 730-2 1 95 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 227

Monardella robisonii Epl. Monardella villosa Benth. ssp. Monolopia congdonii (Gray) B.G.
" Robison's monardel la" Lam i aceae globosa (Greene) Jo kerst Baldwi n
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 "robust monarde lla" Lamiaceae "San Joaq u i n woollythreads" Asteraceae
Riverside, San Bernardino List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
8 1 A, 1 00B, 1 02C, 1 03B, 1 03 D, 1 04D Alameda, Contra Costa, Hu mboldt, Federal Endangered
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland ; elevation Lake, Mendocino, Napa, San Mateo, Fresno, Kings, Kern, Santa Barbara, San
6 1 0-1 500 meters. Sonoma Benito, San Luis Obispo, Tulare*
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 428C, 446C, 447A, 465B, 465C, 482C, 1 67C, 1 92A*, 1 92 B , 1 92 D, 2 1 7B,
April-October. 482D, 499D, 503D, 5 1 8D, 5 1 9A, 600B, 2 1 7C, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8C, 2 1 8D,
635C 239A* , 239B*, 239D, 240A* , 240B*,
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. May occur in Baja California; Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­ 240C, 241 B, 242B, 243A* , 265B*,
need confirmation. Closely related to and land, coastal scrub; elevation 1 85-600 265C, 2 6 5 D * , 266D*, 287B*, 290B,
possibly a variety of M. linoides. meters. 290C, 2 9 1 A*, 2 9 1 B * , 3 1 3C*, 3 1 4A*,
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms 3 1 4B*, 3 1 4C, 3 1 4D, 3 1 5A*, 3 1 5C,
J u ne-J u ly. 3 1 5 D, 338A* , 338B* , 338D*, 360B*,
Monardella scelerata 360C*, 3 6 1 B*, 3 6 1 C, 3 6 1 D
Known from approximately ten occur­
Considered but rejected : not pu blished Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
rences. Most not recently seen; need field
surveys. Need quads for Lake and Marin grassland (sandy); elevation 60-800
Monardella stebbinsii Hard ham & counties. See Pittonia 5:82 ( 1 902) for origi­ meters.
Bartel nal description, and Phytologia 72( 1 ):9-1 6 Annual herb, blooms February-May.
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature. Approxi mately half of historical occur­
"Stebbins's m onardella" Lam iaceae
rences extirpated. Seriously threatened by
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Monardella villosa ssp. agricultural conversion, energy develop­
Plu mas ment, u rbanization, grazing, trampling,
obispoensis
606C and vehicles. Federally-l isted as Lembertia
Considered but rejected: too common congdonii; see this name i n TheJepson Man­
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest / ser­ ual. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy
pentinite, rocky; elevation 780-1 1 00 Monardella viridis J eps. ssp. ofArts and Sciences 1 9:20 ( 1 883) for origi­
meters. saxicola Utn . ) Ewan nal description, and Novon 9 :460-461
( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms "rock monardella" Lam iaceae
J uly-September. List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Known from only four occurrences along Monolopia major
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
the North Fork of the Feather River. Possi­ Considered but rejected: too com mon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
bly threatened by mining. See A/iso 1 2(4):
forest / rocky; elevation 500-1 800
693-699 ( 1 990) for original description. Monotropa hypopithys
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Considered but rejected: too common
Monardella undulata Benth. J u ne-September.
"cu rly-leaved monardel la" Lam i aceae Threatened by development. Monotropa uniflora L.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
" I n d ian-pipe" Ericaceae
Monterey, Mari n , Santa Barbara, Santa Monardella viridis J eps. ssp. viridis List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Cruz, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo,
"green monardella" Lam iaceae Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon, Washing­
San Mateo, Sonoma
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 ton, and elsewhere
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
Lake, Napa, Solano, Sonoma 672C, 740C, 740D
coastal du nes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest Broad leaved u pland forest, chaparral, Broadleaved u pland forest, North Coast
( ponderosa pine sandh i lls) / sandy; cismontane woodland; elevation coniferous forest; elevation 1 0-200
elevation 0-305 meters. 300-1 01 0 meters. meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September. Peren nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Perenn ial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms
J u ly-September. June-J u ly.
Threatened by coastal development,
sand mining, and non-native plants. Hybridizes with M. villosa ssp. villosa.
Montia fu nstonii
Monardella undulata var. Moneses uniflora ( L. ) Gray Considered but rejected : a synonym of
M. fontana; a common taxon
frutescens "wood nym p h " Ericaceae
See Monardella frutescens List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, Fresno, H umboldt, Siskiyou;
Oregon, Washington, and elsewhere
Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest; elevation 1 00-1 065
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
228 C N P S I N V E NTO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS

Montia howellii Wats. Muhlenbergia appressa C. Good d . Known in California only from the Clark
and New York mountains. See Contribu­
" H owell's montia" Portu lacaceae "appressed m u h ly" Poaceae tions from the U.S. National Herbarium
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 List 2 / RED 2-2-1 29:206 ( 1 947) for original descri ption,
Del Norte?*, H u m boldt, Trin ity; Oregon, San Bernardino, San Clemente Island; and Madrano 35(4):353 ( 1 988) for first
Washi ngton, and elsewhere Arizona, Baja California Cal iforn ia record.
6 1 7A*, 6 1 7C*, 6 1 7D*, 634C, 635A, 1 76A, SCMC, SCMS
635B, 635D, 636A, 653C, 669C, 670A* , Coastal scrub, Mojavean desert scrub, Muhlenbergia jonesii (Vasey)
672C*, 672D valley and foothill grassland / rocky; H itchc.
Meadows and seeps, North Coast conif­ elevation 20-1 600 meters.
erous forest, vernal pools / vernally "Jones's m u h ly" Poaceae
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
mesic; elevation 0-595 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known in California only from Provi­ Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Nevada, Placer,
Annual herb, blooms March-May. dence Mtns. (San Bernard ino Cou nty), Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity
Rediscovered in Cal ifornia in 1 999; now and San Clemente Island; has this taxon
known in Cal ifornia from approximately been poorly col lected in California? See Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
ten occurrences. Did plant occur in Del journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences montane coniferous forest; elevation
Norte County? Threatened by logging 3 1 :504 ( 1 9 1 4) for original descri ption, 1 1 30-2 1 30 meters.
and road construction. Candidate for and Madrano 35( 4):353 ( 1 988) for dis­ Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
state listi ng in Oregon. Sometimes m is­ cussion of San Clemente Island records. See Botanical Gazette 6:297 ( 1 881 ) for
taken for M. fontana or M. dichotoma. See original description, Flora ofCalifornia
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts 1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 9 1 2) by W. L. Jepson for revised
and Sciences 1 8: 1 9 1 ( 1 883) for original Muhlenbergia arsenei H itchc.
nomenclature, and Brittonia 50(1 ):39
description. "tough m u h ly" Poaceae ( 1 998) for taxonomic treatment.
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Montia saxosa San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah
Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckl.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Claytonia saxosa; a common taxon 200A, 225D, 249D " few-flowered m u h ly" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Pinyon and jun iper wood land ( rocky, car­
bonate); elevation 1 400-1 860 meters. San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
Mortonia utahensis (Tre l . ) A. Nels.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 200A
" Utah mortonia" Celastraceae
August-October. Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (rocky);
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 elevation 1 75 5 meters.
Known in California only from the Clark
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada,
and New York mountains. Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
New Mexico, Texas, Utah
September.
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
Muhlenbergia californica Vasey Known in California only from one occur­
desert scrub, pi nyon and juni per wood­
rence in the New York Mtns. See Madrano
land / carbonate; elevation 760-2 1 00 "Californ ia m u h ly" Poaceae 35( 4 ):353-359 ( 1 988) for first Californ ia
meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 record .
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May. Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 1 ) : Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane Mui Ila clevelandii (Wats . ) Hoov.
400 ( 1 897) for original description, and coniferous forest, meadows and seeps /
Botanical Gazette 47:427 ( 1 909) for mesic, seeps and stream banks; elevation "San Diego goldenstar" Li l iaceae
revised nomenclature. 1 00-2000 meters. List 1 8 / RED 2-3-2
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms San Diego; Baja California
Mucronea californica Benth . July-September. 1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 1 1 D, 2 1 B, 2 1 C,
See Botanical Gazette 7:92 ( 1 882) for origi­ 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 33D, 35C
"California spi neflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 nal description . Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland, vernal pools / clay;
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Orange,
elevation 50-465 meters.
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, Muhlenbergia fragilis Swall.
San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms May.
"delicate m u h ly" Poaceae
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, Threatened by urbanization, road con­
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, valley and struction, vehicles, and i l legal dumping.
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
foothi l l grassland / sandy; elevation
New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas,
0-1 400 meters. Muilla coronata Green e
and elsewhere
Annual herb, blooms March-August.
225D, 249D "crowned m u i lla" Li liaceae
Rare in southern California. Many List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Pinyon and juniper woodland (carbonate,
herbari u m records old. Threatened by
gravelly); elevation 1 600 meters. I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no,
aggregate m i n i ng, vehicles, flood control
Annual herb, blooms October. Tulare; Nevada
mod ification, u rbanization, and water
percolation projects. I ncl udes Chorizanthe Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
californica var. suskdorfii. See Phytologia desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
66(3):203-205 ( 1 989) for revised land; elevation 1 000-1 600 meters.
nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 229

Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms Myrica hartwegii Navarretia cotulifolia ( Be nth . )

March-April. Considered but rejected : too com mon Hook. & Arn.
See Pittonia 1: 1 65 ( 1 888) for original
"cotula navarretia" Polemoniaceae
descri ption, and Aliso 1 0( 4):621 -627
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
Myriophyllum quitense List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Considered but rejected : not native Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Glen n , Lake, Mendocino, Marin, Napa,
Muilla transmontana San Benito, Santa Clara, Siskiyou?,
Considered but rejected : too common
Myurella julacea (Schwaegr. )
Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Yolo
Sch i m p.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
Munroa squarrosa ( N utt.) Torr. Pteri gyn and raceae and foothill grassland / adobe; elevation
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 4-1 830 meters.
"false buffalo-grass" Poaceae
I nyo, Tulare; Oregon , and elsewhere Annual herb, blooms May-June.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
373D, 394A Does plant occur i n Siskiyou County?
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, and
elsewhere Alpine bou lder and rock field , subalpine Threatened by non-native plants.
coniferous forest / damp rock and soil;
200A, 249D
elevation 2700-3000 meters. Navarretia eriocephala Mason
Pinyon and juniper woodland (gravelly or
Moss.
rocky); elevation 1 500-1 800 meters. "hoary navarretia" Polemon iaceae
Known in California only from two occur­ List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Ann ual herb, blooms October.
rences. See Reise Glockner 2:363 ( 1 804)
Known in Cal ifornia only from the Clark for original description. Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer,
and New York mountai ns. May appear Sacramento
only after heavy summer rains. Cismontane woodland, valley and
Nama dichotomum ( Ru iz, Lopez & footh ill grassland / vernally mesic;
Pav. ) Choisy var. dichotomum elevation 1 05-400 meters.
Munzothamnus blairii
See Stephanomeria blairii "forked purple mat" Hydrophyl laceae Annual herb, blooms May-June.
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 lntergrades somewhat with N. heterandra.
San Bernard i no; Arizona, New Mexico, See Madrono 8(6 ) : 1 96 ( 1 946) for original
Myosotis laxa descri ption.
Texas, and elsewhere
Considered but rejected : too common
225D
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (granitic or Navarretia fossalis Moran
Myosurus minimus L. ssp. apus carbonate); elevation 1 900-2200 meters.
(Greene) G . R. Cam pbell "spreading navarretia" Polemon iaceae
Annual herb, blooms September-October. List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
" l i ttle m ousetail" Ran u ncu laceae Known in Californ ia only from the New Federal Threatened
List 3 / RED 2-3-2 York Mtns. Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, San
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Lu is Obispo*; Baja California
Kern, Riverside, San Bernard ino, San
Diego, Solano, Stanislaus, Tu lare; Baja
Nama stenocarpum Gray l OB, l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 34C, 35B,
,, 35C, 36D, 5 1 C, 68A, 85C, 85D, 1 37B
California, Oregon " m u d nama Hydrophyllaceae
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 D, 22B, 22D, 34C, List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Chenopod scrub, marshes and swamps
68A, 68B, 68C, 69A, 69D, 86A, 86D, I m perial*, Los Angeles* , Orange, River­ (assorted shallow freshwater), playas,
1 3 1 B, 288A, 423B, 424A, 445B, 463D, side, San Clemente Island, San Diego; vernal pools; elevation 30-1 300 meters.
464A, 498D, 56 1 D, 562C Arizona, Baja California, and elsewhere Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools l A* , l B* , l OB, 1 1 A, 3 6A*, 70B, 7 1 A, Threatened by urbanization, agricu lture,
(alkal i ne); elevation 20-640 meters. 7 1 D, 72A* , 85A, 1 1 1 C*, SCMN road construction, grazi ng, flood control,
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne. Marshes and swamps ( lake margi ns, and vehicles. See Madrofio 24(3 ):1 55-1 59
riverbanks); elevation 5-500 meters. ( 1 977) for original description and
Move to List 1 B? Need q uads for Kern
45(4):327-328 ( 1 998) for distribution
County. Reduced by vernal pool habitat Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms i nformation.
loss; threatened by vehicles, grazing, January-J uly.
development, and agricu lture. Taxonomic See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
problems; distinguishing between this Arts and Sciences 1 0:331 ( 1 875) for origi­ Navarretia hamata ssp. parviloba
taxon and M. sessilis ( M. minimus ssp.
=
nal description, and Americanjournal of Considered but rejected : too common
apus var. sessiliflorus in A California Flora Botany 20:41 5-430, 5 1 8-534 ( 1 933) for
(1 959) by P. Munz) is difficult; are both taxonomic treatment.
rare? May be a stabilized hybrid between
M. minimus and M. sessilis, at least in the
Central Valley; see Evolution 1 3 : 1 5 1 -1 74 Nasturtium gambellii
(1 959) for details. See M. minimus in The See Rorippa gambellii
Jepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 1 :277 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal description, and Aliso 2( 4 ):396 ( 1 952)
for revised nomenclature.
230 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Navarretia heterandra Mason Navarretia leucocep hala Benth. Vernal pools (clay loam); elevation 355
ssp. pauciflora ( M ason ) A.G. Day meters.
"Tehama navarretia" Polemoniaceae
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 "few-flowered navarretia" Polemoniaceae
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Shasta, Tehama, List 1 B I RED 3-3-3 Known only from one occurrence in Long
Tri n ity, Yuba; Oregon Val ley. Potentially threatened by develop­
State Threatened/Federal ment. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Val ley and foothill grassland ( mesic), Endangered Madrano 42( 1 ):34 ( 1 995) for original
vernal pools; elevation 30-945 meters. Lake, Napa descri ption.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-June. 499B, 500A, 533A, 533B, 533C, 534A,
To be expected elsewhere; need informa­ 534D Navarretia myersii P.S. Allen & A.G.
tion . Endangered in Oregon . See Madrano Vernal pools (volcanic ash flow); Day ssp. myersii
8(6): 1 97 ( 1 946) for original description. elevation 400-855 meters.
"pi ncushion navarretia" Polemon iaceae
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Navarretia heterodoxa ssp. Known from six occurrences. Threat­
Amador, Lake, Merced, Sacramento
rosulata ened by altered hydrology, erosion, graz­
See Navarretia rosulata i ng, veh icles, and recreation. lntergrades 42 1 A, 494B, 5 1 1 B, 5 1 7A
rarely with ssp. plieantha. State-listed as Vernal pools; elevation 20-330 meters.
N. pauciflora. See Madrano 8( 6): 200 Annual herb, blooms May.
Navarretia jaredii Eastw. ( 1 946) for origi nal descri ption, and
Navan 3( 4 ) : 33 1 -340 ( 1 993) for revised Known from six occurrences. Threatened
" Paso Robles navarretia" Polemoniaceae
nomenclature. by development. See Navan 3( 4):337
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
( 1 993) for original description.
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral?, cismontane wood land, valley Navarretia leucocephala Benth .
Navarretia nigelliformis Greene ssp.
and foothill grassland / clay, serpentinite; ssp. plieantha ( Mason ) A.G. Day
elevation 200-600 meters. radians U .T. Howel l ) A.G. Day
"many-flowered navarretia" Polemoniaceae
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly. "sh i n i ng navarretia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Navarretia jepsonii V. Bailey Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San Benito,
Endangered
San Luis Obispo
"Jepson's navarretia" Po lemon iaceae Lake, Sonoma
268A, 269B, 269C, 269D, 292B, 292D,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 5 0 1 A* , 5 1 7C, 5 1 8D, 533B, 533C, 533D, 3 1 5C, 364D, 384A, 384D, 420C, 42 1 A,
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama, Yolo 534A 421 B, 42 1 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley Vernal pools (volcanic ash flow); Cismontane wood land, valley and
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite; elevation 30-950 meters. foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
elevation 200-855 meters. Ann ual h erb, blooms May-J une. 200-1 000 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ne. Known from approximately seven occur­ Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­ Sim i lar to N. heterandra. See Leaflets of
Navarretia leucocephala Benth . ment, and veh icles. Protected in part at Western Botany 2(8): 1 36 ( 1 938) for origi­
Loch Lomond Vernal Pool ER (DFG) and nal descri ption, and Navan 3(4):331 -340
ssp. bakeri ( M ason ) A.G. Day Bogg's Lake Preserve (TNC). State-listed ( 1 993) for revised nomenclature.
" Baker's navarretia" Polemoniaceae as N. plieantha. l ntergrades rarely with
List 1 B I RED 2-3-3 ssp. paucif/ora. See Madrano 8( 6): 1 99
( 1 946) for origi nal descri ption, and Navarretia pauciflora
Colusa, Lake, Mendoci no, Marin, Napa,
Solano, Sonoma, Tehama Navan 3(4) :331 -340 ( 1 993) for revised See Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora
nomenclature.
484A, 498D, 501 A, 501 B, 502A, 5 1 6C,
5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 8D, 533A, 533B, 533D, Navarretia peninsularis Greene
566C, 567A, 583C, 594C Navarretia mitracarpa ssp. jaredii Polemoniaceae
" Baja navarretia"
Cismontane woodland , lower montane See Navarretia jaredii
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, Kern, Santa Barbara, San Bernard ino,
valley and foothill grassland, vernal Navarretia myersii San Diego; Baja California
pools / mesic; elevation 1 5-1 740 meters. See Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii 20A, 1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 67B, 1 90C,
Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly. 2 1 2C, 238A
May be more widespread; need informa­ Navarretia myersii P.S. Allen & Day Chaparral (openi ngs), lower montane
tion. Need quads for Colusa County. coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
ssp. deminuta Day
Threatened by development and agricul­ 1 500-2300 meters.
ture. See Madrano 8(6): 1 98 ( 1 946) for "small pincushion navarretia"
original description, and Navan 3( 4 ):33 1 - Polemoniaceae Annual herb, blooms June-August.
340 ( 1 993) for revised nomenclature. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Lake
5 1 7A

v
 C N PS I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 231

To be looked for i n Riverside County. Navarretia setiloba Cov. Threatened by u rbanization near Pal m
How common is plant in Baja Califor­ Springs ( Riverside County) and along
nia? Th reatened in San Bernard i no " Pi ute Mountai ns navarretia" coast. I ntergrades with var. denudata at
County by gold-pann i ng and veh icles. Polemoniaceae some coastal localities. See Aliso 4:89
Simi lar to N. breweri. See Pittonia 1 : 1 36 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 ( 1 958) for original description, and
( 1 887) for original descri ption . Kern, Tulare Madrano 27(2): 1 0 1 -1 09 ( 1 980) and Phy­
1 89A*, 2 1 2A, 21 2 D, 238D, 239D*, tologia 66(4):3 90-9 1 ( 1 989) for taxo­
260C, 261 B, 261 D, 2620, 285C nomic treatments.
Navarretia plieantha
See Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha Cismontane woodland, pinyon and
jun iper woodland, valley and foothill Nemacladus gracilis Eastw.
grassland / clay or gravelly loam;
Navarretia prolifera Greene ssp. "slender n emaclad us" Cam pan u laceae
elevation 305-2 1 00 meters.
lutea ( Bran d ) Mason List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Los Angeles, Merced
"yellow bur navarretia" Polemoniaceae Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Cismontane woodland, valley and
Many h istorical occu rrences have been
foothi l l grassland / sandy or gravel ly;
El Dorado, Placer searched without success. Threatened by
elevation 1 20-1 900 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland; residential development and vehicles. See
Contributions from the US. National Herbari­ Annual herb, blooms March-May.
elevation 900-1 400 meters.
um 4: 1 53 ( 1 893) for original description.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Nemacladus montanus
Eldorado NF has adopted species man­
agement gu idelines.
Navarretia subuligera Greene Considered but rejected : too common
"awl-leaved navarretia" Polemoniaceae
Navarretia prolifera ssp. prolifera List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Nemacladus twisselmannii J .T.
Considered but rejected: too common Amador, Butte, Del Norte, Lake, Mendo­ H owel l
ci no, Modoc, Napa, Shasta, Tehama; "Twisselman n's nemaclad us"
Oregon Cam pan u laceae
Navarretia prostrata (Gray) Greene Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
"prostrate navarretia" Polemoniaceae montane coniferous forest / rocky, mesic;
State Rare
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 elevation 1 50-1 1 00 meters.
Kern, Tul are
Alameda*, Los Angeles, Merced, Mon­ Annual herb, blooms April-August.
terey, Orange, Riverside, San Bernar­ 283B, 284C, 284D
dino(* ?), San Diego U pper montane coniferous forest (sandy
Nemacaulis denudata Nutt. var. or rocky, gran itic); elevation 2240-2450
1 l A, 22C, 22D, 52A, 520, 68C, 69D, denudata
7 1 B, 85C, 89A, 89B, 89C, 90A, 90B, 90D, meters.
1 08B( *?), 1 08C( * ? ), 1 08D(*?), 294C, "coast wool ly-heads" Polygonaceae Annual herb, blooms J u ly.
295B, 403A, 403D, 422C, 423C, 427B* List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 Known from only two occurrences. See
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­ Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Catalina Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0(3-4):45-46
land (alkaline), vernal pools / mesic; Island * , San Diego; Baja California ( 1 963) for original description.
elevation 1 5-700 meters. 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36A, 36B,
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. 36D, 7 1 B, 72A, 73A, 89C*, 90D*, SCTE* Nemophila breviflora Gray
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-1 00 meters.
"Great Basi n nemophila" Hydrophyllaceae
Arts and Sciences 1 7:223 ( 1 88 1 ) for origi­ Annual herb, blooms April-September. List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
nal descri ption, and Pittonia 1 : 1 30
Much reduced by coastal development. Lassen , Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon ,
( 1 887) for revised nomenclature.
l ntergrades with var. gracilis at some local­ Utah, Washington, Wyoming; and
ities. See Madrano 27(2): 1 0 1 - 1 09 ( 1 980) elsewhere
Navarretia rosulata Brand and Phytologia 66(4):390-91 ( 1 989) for
673C, 674A, 691 A, 708C, 708D, 724A,
taxonomic treatments.
" Mari n County navarretia" Polemoniaceae 724B
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
Mari n , Napa Nemacaulis denudata N utt. var. upper montane coniferous forest / mesic;
467A, 467B, 5 1 60 gracilis Good m . & Benson elevation 1 220-241 0 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral / "slender wool ly-heads" Polygonaceae Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 200-635 List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Known in California only from the Warner
meters. I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, Mtns. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. Baja California, Sonora (Mexico) my ofArts and Sciences 1 0:3 1 5 ( 1 875) for
original descri ption, and University ofCali­
Known from fewer than twenty 6B, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 36B, 64D, 65A, 83A, 83D
fornia Publications in Botany 1 9( 1 0):353-355
occurrences. Coastal du nes, desert du nes, Sonoran ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
desert scrub; elevation 50-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
232 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Nemophila parviflora Benth. var. Threatened by agriculture, development, N itrophila mohavensis M u nz &
quercifolia ( Eastw. ) Chand l . overgrazing, flood control, and non­ Roos
native plants. See Erythea 6: 1 1 0-1 1 3
"oak-leaved nemophila" Hydrophyllaceae ( 1 898) for original descri ption, and Fre­ "Amargosa n itrophi la" Chenopod iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 montia 4(3 ):22-23 ( 1 976) for species Llst 18 / RED 3-3-2
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tu lare; Oregon account and habitat information. State Endangered/Federal
Cismontane woodland, lower montane Endangered
coni ferous forest; elevation 700-2200 Neviusia cliftonii Shevock, B. Ertter I nyo; Nevada
meters. & D.W. Taylor 27SC, 322C, 322D
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. "Shasta snow-wreath" Rosaceae Playas ( mesic, clay); elevation 42S-7SO
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 meters.
Neostapfia colusana ( Davy) Davy Shasta Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
"Colusa grass" Poaceae 647A, 664A, 664B, 664C, 664D, 665D Known in California from fewer than five
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 occurrences near Carson Slough in the
Lower montane con iferous forest, ripari­
Amargosa Desert. Severely threatened by
State Endangered/Federal an wood land / carbonate; elevation
water d iversion and habitat alteration.
Threatened 300-500 meters.
State-listed as Critically Endangered in
Colusa*, Merced, Solano, Stanislaus, Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne. Nevada. See Aliso 3 : 1 1 2-1 1 4 ( 1 9SS) for
Yolo Known from fewer than ten occurrences original description .
40 1 B* , 402A, 402B, 420C, 42 1 A, 42 1 C, near Lake Shasta. Potentially threatened
421 D, 422C, 422D, 441 A, 441 B, 441 C, by logging and m i n i ng. See Navan 2( 4 ):
Nolina cismontana Dice
441 D, 442A* , 459C, 460A, 481 D, 497B, 285-289 ( 1 992) for original descri ption,
498D, 562A* and Fremontia 22(3):3-1 3 ( 1 993) for "chaparral noli na" Lil iaceae
Vernal pools (adobe); elevation 5-200 species account and information about List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
meters. discovery. Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, Ventura
Annual herb, blooms May-August. 20C, SOA, SOC, SOD, 69C, 70A, 70B,
Nicolletia occidentalis 70C, 70D, 87C, 1 1 2 B, 1 1 3A, 1 4 1 A, 1 41 D
Considered but rejected: too common Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandstone or
gabbro; elevation 1 40-1 27S meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-J u ly.

Neviusia cliftonii
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 233

Threatened by development, agriculture, Oenothera califomica (Wats. ) Oenothera wolfii ( M u nz) Raven ,
road construction, and recreational Wats. ssp. eurekensis ( M u nz & Dietrich & Stu bbe
activities. Not in TheJepson Manual ( men­
tioned as "u ndescribed sp."under N. par­
Roos) W. Klein "Wolf's eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
ryi). See Navan 5 : 1 62 ( 1 995) for original " Eureka D u n es eveni ng-pri m rose" List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
description. O nagraceae Del Norte, Hum boldt, Tri nity; Oregon
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 637A, 637B, 683C, 689C, 689D, 704D,
Nolina interrata Gentry State Rare/Federal Endangered 706D, 723B, 723D, 740B, 740C
" D ehesa nolina" Li liaceae Inyo Coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 390C, 3 9 1 A, 391 D prarie, lower montane coniferous forest /
sandy, usually mesic; elevation 3-800
State Endangered Desert dunes; elevation 850-1 200
meters.
San Diego; Baja California meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
1 0A, 2 1 D Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l-J uly. Known from approxi mately twenty occur­
Chaparral (gabbroic, metavolcanic, or rences. Threatened by road maintenance,
serpentin ite); elevation 1 85-855 meters. Known only from dunes in Eureka Valley,
foot traffic, non-native plants, and hybrid­
withi n Death Valley N P. Habitat previously
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. ization with non-native Oenothera spp.
degraded by vertical traffic; populations
State-l isted as Threatened in Oregon. See
Known in California from approximately recovering well, but still threatened by ver­
Aliso 2 : 1 6 ( 1 949) for original description,
ten occurrences in the Dehesa Valley, and tical trespass, foot traffic, recreation, and
and Systematic Botany 4: 242-252 ( 1 979)
in Baja California from three occurrences non-native Russian thistle. Recovery plan
for revised nomenclature.
with fewer than 1 00 plants as of 1 995. has been completed by BLM. See Aliso
Threatened by residential development, 3(2): 1 1 8 ( 1 955) for original descri ption,
altered fire regi mes, and horticultural col­ and Biological Conservation 46: 2 1 7-242 Oenothera xylocarpa
lecting. Protected in part at McGi nty ( 1 988) for population biology. Considered but rejected: too common
Mtn. (TNC) and Sycuan Pk. ER ( DFG).
See Madrano 8(6): 1 8 1 ( 1 946) for original
descri ption and 22 : 2 1 4 ( 1 973) for sec­
Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Fre m . Ophioglossum califomicum Prantl
ond California location. ssp. howellii ( M u nz) W. Kle i n "Califo rnia adder's-tongue"
"Antioch D u n es eveni ng-primrose" Ophioglossaceae
Nolina parryi ssp. wolfii Onagraceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Considered but rejected: a synonym of N. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Amador, Butte, Merced, Monterey,
parryi; a common taxon State Endangered/Federal Mari posa, Orange, San Bernard i n o * ,
Endangered San Diego, Stan islaus, Tuolumne; Baja
Contra Costa Cal ifornia
Notholaena califomica
480C, 481 C, 48 1 D Chaparral, valley and footh ill grassland,
Considered but rejected: too common vernal pools ( margins) / mesic; elevation
I nland du nes; elevation 0-30 meters. 60-300 meters.
Notholaena cochisensis Perennial herb, blooms March-September. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
See Astrolepis cochisensis Known from three native occurrences; December-May.
occurrences rrom Sacramento County
( 480C) and Contra Costa County (48 1 C)
Notholaena limitanea var. are i ntroduced. Seriously threatened by Ophioglossum lusitanicum ssp.
limitanea mini ng, agriculture, industrial develop­ califomicum
See Af'l)'rochosma limitanea var. limitanea ment, and non-native plants. Recovery See Ophioglossum californicum
work in progress. Protected i n part at
Antioch Dunes NWR (USFWS). See Aliso
Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis 2:81 ( 1 949) for original description, Four
Ophioglossum pusillum Raf.
See Oenothera californica ssp. eurekensis Seasons 3(1 ):2-4 ( 1 969) for threat infor­ "northern adder's-tongue"
mation, and Biological Conservation 65: Oph ioglossaceae
Oenothera caespitosa N utt. ssp. 257-278 ( 1 993) for popu lation biology. List 2 / RED 3-2-1
crinita ( Rydb.) M u nz El Dorado*, Mendocino, Siskiyou*; Idaho,
Oenothera heterochroma Oregon, Washington, and elsewhere
"caespitose even ing-primrose" Onagraceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1 Considered but rejected : a synonym of 597B, 699D*
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada; and
Camissonia heterochroma; a common taxon Marshes and swamps ( margi ns), valley
elsewhere and foothill grassland (mesic); elevation
Oenothera hookeri ssp. wolfii 1 000-200 meters.
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land, subalpine
coniferous forest, Sonoran desert scrub; See Oenothera wolfii Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile J u ly.
elevation 1 1 50-33 70 meters. Rediscovered near Howard Lake in 1 998;
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms known in California only from one occur­
June-September. rence, with about 30 plants as of 1 998.
Need historical q uads from El Dorado
Threatened by cattle grazing. County. Endangered in Oregon, and
state-l isted as Threatened in Washi ngton .
234 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Ophioglossum vulgatum l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D Opuntia parryi var. serpentina

See Ophioglossum pusillum Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation See Opuntia californica var. californica
30-1 50 meters.
Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bige l . Shrub (stem succulent), blooms Opuntia phaeacantha var. major
April-May.
var. brachyclada (Griffiths) M u nz Considered but rejected : too common
Threatened by development. A synonym and taxonomic problem
"short-joint beavertai l " Cactaceae of 0. parryi var. serpentina in TheJepson
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Manual; see 0. parryi. See Haseltonia 4: 1 03
Los Angeles, San Bernardino ( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion. Opuntia phaeacantha var.
1 33B, 1 33C, 1 33 D, 1 34A, 1 34B, 1 34D, m0Javens1s
1 3 5A, 1 35B, 1 3 6A, 1 38A, 1 6 1 C, 1 6 1 D, Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0.
Opuntia curvospina Griffiths
1 75B, 1 76A phaeacantha; a common taxon
"curved-spine beavertai l " Cactaceae
Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland",
List 2 / RED 3-2-2
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and Opuntia prolifera
j u n i per woodland; elevation 425- 1 800 San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
Considered but rejected : too common
meters. 2 0 1 A, 224C, 225A
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms Chaparral, Mojavean desert scrub, piny­ Opuntia pulchella Engelm .
April-J u ne. on and jun iper wood land; elevation
Threatened by urbanization, mining, hor­ 1 000-1 400 meters. "beautifu l cholla" Cactaceae
ticultu ral collecting, grazing, and vehicles. Shrub (stem succulent), blooms List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Angeles NF has adopted species manage­ April-J u ne. I nyo, Mono; Arizona?, Nevada, Utah,
ment gu idelines. See Proceedings ofthe Bio­ and elsewhere
Known i n Californ ia from fewer than five
logical Society of Washington 27:25 ( 1 9 1 4) occurrences. Stabil ized hybrid between 41 1 B, 41 1 C, 41 2D, 43 1 A
for original description. 0. phaeacantha and 0. chlorotica; see the Desert du nes, Great Basin scrub?,
latter in TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin of Mojavean desert scrub / sandy; elevation
Opuntia basilaris Enge l m . & Bige l . the Torrey Botanical Club 43: 88 ( 1 9 1 6) for 1 500-1 980 meters.
var. treleasei (Coult.) Tou rney original description, Systematic Botany
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
5( 4):408-41 8 ( 1 980) for discussion of
Cactaceae May-J une.
" Bakersfield cactus" hybrid origi n, and Haseltonia 4 : 1 03- 1 04
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 ( 1 996) for nomenclatural information. Threatened by grazi ng im pacts. See Trans­
State Endangered/Federal
actions ofthe Academy ofScience ofSt. Louis
2:201 ( 1 863) for original descri ption,
Endangered Opuntia firagilis ( N utt. ) Haw. and Madrano 32( 2): 1 23 ( 1 985) for first
Kern California records.
" brittle prickly-pear" Cactaceae
2 1 4A, 2 1 4C, 2 1 4D, 2 1 5D, 238C, 238D*, List 2 / RED 3-3-1
239A, 239B, 239C*, 239D, 240A*, 263D
Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon , and Opuntia treleasei
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land, elsewhere See Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei
valley and footh ill grassland / sandy or
716B
gravelly; elevation 1 20-550 meters.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms May.
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (volcanic); Opuntia wigginsii L. Benson
elevation 880 meters.
Threatened by energy development, agri­ "Wiggi ns's cholla" Cactaceae
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms List 3 / RED 3-1-2
cultural conversion, grazing, veh icles,
April-J uly.
and especially u rbanization i n the Bak­ I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona
ersfield area. Known by 1 991 to be extir­ Known in Cal iforn ia from only two popu­
1 8A, 1 8B, 30C, 32C, 40B
pated at eleven of thirty-five occurrences. lations near Owl's Head in the Shasta
USFWS uses the name 0. treleasei. See Valley. Probably reduced by grazing. Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­ 30-885 meters.
um 3 :434 ( 1 896) for origi nal descri ption, Opuntia munzii C . B . Wolf Shrub (stem succulent), blooms March.
Wasmannjournal ofBiolol)' 25:289-290 Apparently a sporadic hybrid between 0.
( 1 967) for species account, and Madrano " M u nz's cholla" Cactaceae
ramosissima and 0. echinocarpa; needs fu r­
3 9 ( 1 ) : 79 ( 1 99 2 ) for i nformation on a List 18 / RED 3-1-3 ther study. See 0. ramosissima i n TheJepson
new population . I m perial, Riverside Manual.
2 7D, 42B, 42C, 43A, 43D
Opuntia bigelovii var. hoffmannii Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or gravelly); Opuntia wolfii ( Benso n ) Baker
Considered but rejected : a hybrid (0. elevation 1 50-600 meters.
xfosbergii) "Wolf's cholla" Cactaceae
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms May. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences I m perial, San Diego; Baja Cal iforn ia?
Opuntia californica (T. & G . ) Cov. in the Chocolate Mtns. Of hybrid origi n ,
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
var. californica b u t stabilized; o n l y reproducing vegeta­
300-1 200 meters.
tively. Some occurrences threatened by
"snake cholla" Cactaceae Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
mil itary activities.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 Apri l-May.
San Diego; Baja California
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 235

Can be local ly common withi n range. Seriously threatened by agriculture, devel­ Lake, Lassen, Pl umas, Sacramento, Shas­
May occur i n Baja California; need con­ opment, overgrazing, channel ization, and ta, Siskiyou, Tehama
firmation. See Cactus and Succulentjournal non-native plants. See Madrano 3(6):229 496A, 5 1 1 C, 533D, 534A, 593 B, 594A,
41 :33 ( 1 969) for original description, ( 1 936) for original descri ption, and 606B, 624A, 628A, 628B, 628C, 628D,
and Madrano 39(2):98-1 1 3 ( 1 992) for Americanjournal ofBotany 69:1 082-1 095 629A, 642A, 642B, 643A, 643 B, 643C,
revised nomenclature. ( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment. 646C, 647D, 66 1 C, 662B, 678A, 678B,
6790
Orcuttia californica Vasey Orcuttia mucronata Vernal pools; elevation 35-1 760 meters.
"California Orcutt grass" Poaceae See Tuctoria mucronata Annual herb, blooms May-October.
List 1 B I RED 3-3-2 Seriously threatened by agriculture,
State Endangered/Federal Orcuttia pilosa H oov. residential development, grazing, and
Endangered non-native plants. Species management
"hairy Orcutt grass" Poaceae
guidelines adopted by Lassen NF (USFS)
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Ventu­ List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 and BLM. See Americanjournal ofBotany
ra; Baja California
State Endangered/Federal 2 1 : 1 3 1 ( 1 934) for original description
9B, 1 0C, 1 1 D, 22C, 22D, 68A, 68B, Endangered and 69: 1 082-1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonom­
68C*, 680, 690, 89A*, 89B*, 890*, Butte, Glenn, Madera, Merced, Stanis­ ic treatment.
90A* , 1 37B, 1 390 laus, Tehama
Vernal pools; elevation 1 5-660 meters. 379A, 379B, 379C, 380A, 399C, 400D*, Orcuttia viscid a ( Hoov. ) J . Reeder
Annual herb, blooms April-August. 42 1 B* , 421 C, 441 A* , 441 B*, 441 C,
441 D, 562B, 576B, 593B, 594A "Sacramento Orcutt grass" Poaceae
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
rences. Seriously threatened by agricul­ Vernal pools; elevation 55-200 meters.
ture, development, non-native plants, State Endangered/Federal
Annual herb, blooms May-September. Endangered
grazi ng, and vehicles. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 1 3 : 2 1 9 ( 1 886) for Seriously threatened by agricu lture, Sacramento
original descri ption,Americanjournal of u rbanization, overgrazing, non-native
plants, and trampling. See Bulletin ofthe 495D, 5 1 1 B, 5 1 1 C
Botany 69 : 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxo­
nomic treatment and Madrano 45(4) :328 Torrey Botanical Club 68: 1 55 ( 1 941 ) for Vernal pools; elevation 30- 1 00 meters.
( 1 998) for distribution information . original descri ption, and Americanjournal Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-Ju ly.
ofBotany 69:1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxo­ Known from seven occu rrences. Seriously
nomic treatment.
Orcuttia californica var. californica th reatened by agriculture, urbanization,
overgrazing, vehicles, and non-native
See Orcuttia californica
Orcuttia tenuis H itchc. plants. Protected in part at Phoenix Field
ER ( DFG ). See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
"slender Orcutt grass" Poaceae
Orcuttia californica var. inaequalis cal Club 68(3): 1 55 ( 1 941 ) for original
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
See Orcuttia inaequalis description, and Americanjournal ofBotany
State Endangered/Federal 6 9 : 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonomic
Threatened treatment.
Orcuttia californica var. viscida
See Orcuttia viscida

Orcuttia greenei
See Tuctoria greenei

Orcuttia inaequalis H oov. Orcuttia californica

"San J oaq u i n Valley Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Stan islaus* ,
Tu lare
333B*, 334A, 356B*, 378B, 379A,
379 0 * , 3980, 399C, 400B, 4000* ,
420C, 421 A, 421 B, 421 C, 421 D, 422B*,
441 B*, 441 C* , 442A* , 442D*
Vernal pools; elevation 30-755 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
236 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Oreonana clementis Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia Orobanche validajeps. ssp.

Considered but rejected : too common ( Parry) Small howellii Heckard & Col l i n s
" Baja Californ ia bird bush" Ericaceae " Howell's broomrape" Orobanchaceae
Oreonana purpurascens Shevock & List 2 / RED 3-3-1 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Const. State Candidate Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma,
" p u rple mou ntai n-parsley" Apiaceae San Diego; Baja California Tehama
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 110 Chaparral (serpentinite or volcan ic);
Tulare elevation 1 80- 1 740 meters.
Chaparral; elevation 55-800 meters.
308A, 308D, 33 1 B, 331 C, 3 3 1 D, 354A Perenn ial herb (parasitic), blooms
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January-Apri l . June-September.
Broadleaved upland forest, subal pine Known i n Cal ifornia from only o n e occur­
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ Generally parasitic on Garrya spp. See
rence west of San Ysidro near the Mexi­ Madrano 29(2):95-1 00 ( 1 982) for origi­
erous forest / usually metamorphic; can border. Threatened by Border Patrol
elevation 2395-2865 meters. nal descri ption.
activities.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Orobanche valida J eps. ssp. valida
Threatened by road construction, log­ Orobanche californica ssp.
ging, and trampling. See Madrofio condensa " Rock Creek broomrape" Orobanchaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 0.
26(3): 1 28-1 34 ( 1 979) for original List 18 / RED 3-2-3
description, and Fremontia 9(3 ):22-2 5 Los Angeles, Ventura
californica ssp. jepsonii; a common taxon
( 1 981 ) for species account.
1 08B, 1 35A, 1 65D

Oreonana vestita (Wats. ) jeps. Orobanche ludoviciana N utt. var. Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
arenosa ( S u ksd . ) Cronq. granitic; elevation 1 250-2000 meters.
"wool ly mountai n-parsley" Apiaceae Perenn ial herb ( parasitic), blooms
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
" S u ksdorf's broom-rape" Orobanchaceae
May-J uly.
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Los Angeles, San Bernardino Known from only three occurrences. Par­
Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
1 05 D, 1 08A, 1 08B, 1 34C, 1 34D, 1 3 5C, asitic on various chaparral shrubs. Ange­
Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming,
1 35 D les NF has adopted species management
and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­ guideli nes. See Madrofio 1 ( 1 7):255-256
45 1 A, 586A, 62 1 A ( 1 929) for original descri ption, Fremontia
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest / gravel or talus; Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 600 meters. 1 1 ( 1 ): 1 6-1 8 ( 1 983) for d iscussion of
elevation 2285-3500 meters. Perenn ial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms rediscovery ( 1 979), and Madrofio 29(2):
J u ne-October. 95-1 00 ( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Known in California from only three
Arts and Sciences 1 7:374 ( 1 882) for origi­ occurrences. Parasitic on Ericameria and Orochaenactis thysanocarpha
nal description, Madrofio 1 : 1 41 ( 1 923) Iva spp. Simi lar to 0. parishii ssp. parishii; Considered but rejected : too common
for revised nomenclature, and Fremontia separation between them blurred i n
9(3):22-25 ( 1 98 1 ) for species account. Great Basi n . See University of Washington
Publications in Bio/of)' 1 7(4):431 ( 1 959)
Orthocarpus campestris var.
for revised nomenclature, and Bulletin of succulentus
Oreostemma elatum (Greene) the Torrey Botanical Club 57:623 ( 1 930) See Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
Greene for taxonomic treatment.
"tall alpine-aster" Asteraceae Orthocarpus castillejoides var.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Orobanche parishii Qeps. ) H eckard humboldtiensis
Lassen, Plumas, Tehama ssp. brachyloba Heckard See Castilleja ambigua ssp. humboldtiensis
589B, 590A, 590B, 605B, 605C, 606A, "short-lobed broom rape" Orobanchaceae
625B List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Orthocarpus cuspidatus Greene
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, ssp. cuspidatus
upper montane coniferous forest / mesic; San Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Miguel
elevation 1 005-2 1 00 meters. "Siskiyou Mountai ns orthocarpus"
Island, San Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa
Scro p h u lariaceae
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJ uly-August. Island; Baja California
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Threatened by grazing and hydrological Coastal bluffscrub, coastal du nes,
Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
alteration. Not in TheJepson Manual. See coastal scrub / sandy; elevation 3-305
Pittonia 3: 1 47 ( 1 896) for original descrip­ meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
tion and 4:224 ( 1 900) for revised nomen­ montane coniferous forest; elevation
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
clature, and Phytologia 74(4):305-3 1 6 700-2200 meters.
April-October.
( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment. Annual herb, blooms June-August.
Parasitic on shrubs such as /socoma men­
ziesii. See Madrofio 22(2):68 ( 1 973) for lntergrades with ssp. copelandii. See Sys­
original description. tematic Botany 1 7( 4 ): 560-582 ( 1 992) for
taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 237

Orthocarpus floribundus Oryctes nevadensis Wats. Oxalis suksdorfii Trel .

See Triphysaria floribunda "Nevada oryctes" Solanaceae "Suksdorf's wood-sorrel" Oxalidaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-2 List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Orthocarpus lasiorhynchus I nyo; Nevada Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon, Wash ing­
See Castilleja lasiorhyncha 3 5 1 A, 3 5 1 D, 372B, 372D, 393A, 41 3A, ton , and elsewhere
41 3B, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
Orthocarpus pachystachyus Gray Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub / coniferous forest; elevation 1 5-700
sandy; elevation 1 1 00-2535 meters. meters.
"Shasta orthocarpus" Scrophulariaceae
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
May-August.
Siskiyou Known i n Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences in Owens Val ley. Seriously See Phytologia 42(2):83-84 ( 1 979) for
698B*, 700A, 7 1 7B*, 71 7D* taxonomic treatment.
threatened by grazing, tram pling, and
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps?, vehicles. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See
valley and foothill grassland; elevation Botany ofthe King Expedition, p. 274 ( 1 87 1 ) Oxystylis lutea
840-850 meters. for original description. Considered but rejected : too common
Annual herb, blooms May.
Rediscovered by D. Taylor in 1 996; now Oryzopsis exigua Th urb.
known from only two collections. Histori­
Oxytheca caryophylloides Parry
cal occurrences probably extirpated by " l ittle ricegrass" Poaceae "chickweed oxytheca" Polygonaceae
agriculture and grazi ng. List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1 List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Lassen, Siskiyou; I daho, Nevada, Ore­ Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no,
gon, Utah, Washi ngton , Wyomi ng, and Tu lare, Ventura
Orthocarpus purpurascens var. elsewhere
pallid us 656C, 730C
Lower montane coniferous forest
Considered but rejected: too com mon; a (sandy); elevation 1 200-2600 meters.
synonym of Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta Great Basin scru b; elevation 2345-2420 Annual herb, blooms J u ly-September.
meters.
See Phytologia 66(4) :387-388 ( 1 989) for
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. taxonomic treatment.
Orthocarpus succulentus
Known in California only from Observa­
See Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
tion Pk. ( Lassen County) and Mt. Dome
(Siskiyou County). Not in TheJepson Man­ Oxytheca emarginata Hall
Orthotrichum shevockii Lewi nsky­ ual. See Botany ofthe Wilkes Exploratory "wh ite-margined oxytheca" Polygonaceae
Haapasaari & Norris Expedition 1 7:481 ( 1 874) for original List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
description, and Phytologia 74( 1 ) : 1 -25 Riverside
Orthotrichaceae ( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 65C, 66B, 66D, 83C
Kern, Tulare Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Oryzopsis kingii forest, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland;
259A, 259B, 283D Considered but rejected : too common; a elevation 1 200-2500 meters.
Joshua tree "wood land", pi nyon and synonym of Ptilagrostis kingii
j u n i per woodland / gran itic, rock; Annual herb, blooms February-August.
elevation 750-2 1 00 meters. See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Oryzopsis micrantha Botany 1 :75 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
Moss.
See Piptatherum micranthum tion, and Phytologia 66(4):388 ( 1 989) for
See The Bryologist 1 0 1 (3 ):435-438 ( 1 998)
taxonomic treatment.
for original description.
Osmadenia tenella
Considered but rejected: too common Oxytheca parishii Parry var.
Orthotrichum spjutii Norris & Vitt
abramsii ( McGregor) M u nz
Orthotrichaceae Osmorhiza depauperata Phil. "Abrams's oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
"blu nt-fru ited sweet-cicely" Apiaceae List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Mono
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 Santa Barbara, Ventura
259A, 489D
Modoc; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New 1 64C, 1 65D, 1 66A, 1 67B, 1 68A, 1 68B,
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi ny­ Mexico, Oregon , Utah, Wash ington, 1 90C
on and j u niper woodland, su bal pine Wyomi ng, and elsewhere
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ Chaparral (sandy or shale); elevation
erous forest / gran itic, rock; elevation 691 A, 707C, 708D 1 700-2000 meters.
2 1 00-2400 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest; Annual herb, blooms June-August.
Moss. elevation 1 830- 1 850 meters. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly. 36:605 ( 1 909) for original descri ption,
Known only from near Sonora Pass. See
Nova Hedwigia 56:259-262 ( 1 993) for Known in California only from Deep Creek and Brittonia 32( 1 ):70- 1 02 ( 1 980) and
original description. in the Warner Mtns. See Annals ofthe Mis­ Phytologia 66( 4):386-87 ( 1 989) for taxo­
souri Botanical Garden 71 : 1 1 66-1 1 68 nomic treatments.
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
238 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Oxytheca parishii Parry var. Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. Panicum thermale
cienegensis B. Ertter Known in California from approximately See Dichanthelium lanuginosum var. thermale
five occurrences in the White Mtns.
"Cienega Seca oxytheca" Polygonaceae Threatened by cattle grazing.
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 Papaver californicum
San Bernard i no Considered but rejected : too common
Oxytropis oreophila Gray var.
1 05A
oreophila
Upper montane coniferous forest (sandy, Parnassia cirrata Pi per
granitic); elevation 2 1 05-2450 meters. "mountain oxytrope" Fabaceae
"fringed grass-of-parnassus" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Annual herb, blooms June-September. List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Known from approximately five occur­ Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Mexico, Utah
rences along Coon Creek and Cienega 1 05C, 1 05D, 1 09A, 1 3 5D
Seca Creek. See Brittonia 3 2 : 70-1 02 1 05A, 1 05C, 1 05D
( 1 980) for original description, and Phy­ Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
montane coniferous forest (mesic);
tologia 66(4):386-87 ( 1 989) for taxo­ coniferous forest / gravelly or rocky;
elevation 2 1 3 5-3000 meters.
nomic treatment. elevation 3400-3800 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms August­
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-September.
September.
Oxytheca parishii Parry var. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Known in Cal ifornia only from the San
goodmaniana B. Ertter Arts and Sciences 20:3 ( 1 884) for original
Gabriel and San Bernardino mou ntains.
descri ption, and Proceedings ofthe Califor­
"Cushen bury oxytheca" Polygonaceae See Erythea 7( 1 ) : 1 28 ( 1 899) for original
nia Academy ofSciences IV 27(7):21 2-2 1 5
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 descri ption.
( 1 952) for taxonomic treatment.
Federal Endangered
San Bernard i no Oxytropis parryi Gray Paronychia ahartii B. Ertter
1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32 D "Ahart's paronychia" Caryophyl laceae
" Parry's oxytrope" Fabaceae
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (carbon­ List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
ate, talus); elevation 1 300-2375 meters. Butte, Shasta, Tehama
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexi­
Annual herb, blooms May-September. co, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere 560D, 593B, 593D, 594B, 594C, 595A,
Known from approximately fifteen occur­ 595D, 6 1 0A, 6 1 0C, 61 1 D, 627A, 627B,
Alpine boulder and rock field, su bal pine
rences. Threatened by carbonate mining. 628A, 628B, 628C, 628D, 646C, 646 D
coniferous forest ( rocky); elevation
See Brittonia 32:70-1 02 ( 1 980) for original 3355-3800 meters. Cismontane woodland, valley and
description, and Phytologia 66(4):386-87 foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. 30-5 1 0 meters.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Arts and Sciences 20:4 ( 1 884) for original
Oxytheca watsonii T. & G. description , and Proceedings ofthe Califor­ Threatened by habitat loss, and possi bly
"Watson's oxytheca" Polygonaceae nia Academy ofSciences IV 27(7) : 2 1 7-2 1 9 by grazi ng and trampling. See Madrano
( 1 952) for taxonomic treatment. 3 2 ( 2) :87-90 ( 1 98 5 ) for origi nal
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
descri ption .
I nyo; Nevada
327A, 327B, 327C, 348C Palafoxia arida Tu rner & Morris var.
gigantea U on es) Tu rner & Morris Paronychia franciscana
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
Considered but rejected : not native
desert scrub / sandy; elevation "giant Spanish-need le" Asteraceae
1 200-2000 meters. List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
Annual herb, blooms May-July. I m perial, Sonora (Mexico)
Parvisedum leiocarpum
See Sedella leiocarpa
Known in California from fewer than five 1 B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 1 3B, 1 3C, 1 3 D, 1 4A,
occurrences. See Madrano 29(4):273-2 74 1 4B, 1 4D, 1 5A, 27C, 2 7D, 28D
( 1 982 ) for first California occurrences, Desert du nes; elevation 1 5-1 00 meters. Parvisedum pentandrum
and Phytologia 66( 4):385-86 ( 1 989) for Considered but rejected : too common
taxonomic treatment. Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
February-May.
Threatened by vehicles. See Contributions Pectocarya palmeri
Oxytropis deflexa ( Pallas) DC. var. to Western Botany 1 8: 79 ( 1 933) for origi­ See Harpagonella palmeri
sericea T. & G. nal description, and Rhodora 78: 604-605
" b l u e pendent-pod oxytrope" Fabaceae ( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. var.
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 flavida (Pennell) Cronq.
Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore­ Palafoxia linearis var. gigantea
gon, Utah, Wash ington, and elsewhere "yellowish lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae
See Palafoxia arida var. gigantea
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
43 1 C
Siskiyou, Trinity, Oregon
Meadows and seeps, upper montane Panicum shastense
coniferous forest; elevation 2800-3355 U pper montane coniferous forest
Considered but rejected: a hybrid, possibly (mesic); elevation 1 200-2300 meters.
meters. between P scribnerianum and P pacificum
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 239

Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Perennial herb, blooms April-June. Need quad for occurrence i n the Provi­
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club Known from fewer than ten occurrences. dence Mtns. See Muhlenbergia 8:94
6 1 :445 ( 1 934) for original descri ption. Threatened by trampling, and potentially ( 1 9 1 2) for original description, and
by development. Plants from Arroyo de la Madroiio 25( 1 ):56 ( 1 978) for species
Cruz (San Lu is Obispo County) are some­ account.
Pedicularis centranthera Gray what different and warrant further study.
"dwarf lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae See Botanical Gazette 41 :3 1 6-3 1 7 ( 1 906) Penstemon albomarginatus Jones
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 for original descri ption.
"white-margined beardtongue"
Lassen ; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, Utah , Scrophu lariaceae
and elsewhere Pedicularis flavida List 18 / RED 3-2-2
638C, 639D See Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
Great Basin scrub (alluvial ); elevation 1 50C, 1 53B, 1 54A, 1 79 D
1 300-1 500 meters. Pedicularis howellii Gray Desert d u nes (stabil ized ), Mojavean
Perennial herb, blooms April-June. desert scrub (sandy); elevation 640-
" Howell's lousewort" Scrophulariaceae
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 1 065 meters.
occurrences. Possibly threatened by agri­ Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
cultural development. On review list i n
Oregon . See Report on the U.S. and Mexican U pper montane con iferous forest (often Known i n California from only four
Boundary Survey, p. 1 20 ( 1 859) by W. serpenti n ite); elevation 1 500-1 900 occurrences; two have not been seen i n
Emory for original description . meters. many years. O n e confi rmed extant occur­
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. rence was damaged by mil itary activities
in 1 989-1 991 . Threatened in Nevada.
Pedicularis contorta Benth. Endangered in Oregon . Threatened by
grazing. See Proceedings ofthe American
"curved-beak lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:307 ( 1 885) Penstemon barnebyi N. Hol mgren
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 for original descri ption. " Barneby's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon, Washington
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, Pediomelum castoreum (Wats. ) Mono; Nevada
lower montane coniferous forest, upper
Ryd b. 43 1 A, 43 1 B
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 600-2400 meters. " Beaver Dam bread root" Fabaceae Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u niper
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August. List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 wood land / carbonate, gravel ly; elevation
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, Utah 1 500-2500 meters.
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean Perennial herb, blooms May.
Pedicularis crenulata Benth.
desert scrub / sandy, washes and road­ Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
"scal loped- leaved lousewort" cuts; elevation 6 1 0-825 meters. rence along Busher Creek in the White
Scrophu lariaceae Mtns. Possibly th reatened by grazing.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 See Brittonia 31 :226 ( 1 979) for origi nal
Mono; Nevada, Wyoming, and elsewhere On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Proceedings description, and Madroiio 35( 2 ) : 1 64- 1 65
ofthe American Academy ofArts and Sciences ( 1 988) for the California record .
434D 1 4:291 ( 1 879) for original descri ption,
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation North American Flora 24( 1 ):22 ( 1 9 1 9) for
2 1 00-2300 meters. revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe Penstemon bicolor ( Bdg. ) Clokey &
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ne-J uly. New York Botanical Garden 6 1 :84-85 Keck ssp. roseus Clokey & Kec k
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment.
Known i n Californ ia from only one occur­ "rosy two-to ned beardtongue"
rence near Convict Creek. Threatened by Scro p h u lariaceae
hydrological alterations. See Madroiio Pellaea truncata Good d . List 2 / RED 3-1-1
28(3):86 ( 1 981 ) for this record . "cliff brake" Pteridaceae San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1 224D, 249D
Pedicularis dudleyi El mer San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
" Dud ley's lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), desert scrub / rocky or gravel ly, some­
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Utah, and elsewhere times disturbed areas; elevation
225D 700- 1 500 meters.
State Rare
Monterey, Santa Cruz*, San Luis Obispo, Pinyon and jun iper wood land (volcanic Peren nial herb, blooms May.
San Mateo or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 200-2 1 50 Probably threatened by m i n i ng. A syn­
271 B, 2 72A, 296D, 344D, 387B*, 428C,
meters. onym of P. bicolor in TheJepson Manual.
429A Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), ferti le See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
Apri l-J u ne. my ofSciences 38(1 ):8 ( 1 939) for origi nal
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­ descri ption.
land, North Coast coniferous forest, val­
ley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
60-900 meters.
240 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Penstemon calcareus Bdg. Penstemon clevelandii Gray var. Threatened in Nevada. See American Mid­
connatus ( M u nz &Jtn . ) N . land Naturalist 1 8 :801 ( 1 937) for original
"limestone beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae description, and Brittonia 44(4):481
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 Holm g ren ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada "San Jaci nto beardtongue"
1 75B, 1 76A, 201 C, 348A, 348D, 368A, Scrop h u lariaceae
Penstemon fruticiformis var.
3 68D, 369B, 369C, 390C, 390D List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
fruticiformis
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
Considered but rejected: too common,
desert scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­ California
and possibly a synonym of P. incertus; a
land / carbonate, rocky; elevation Chaparral, pinyon and jun iper wood­ common taxon
1 065-2040 meters. land, Sonoran desert scrub / rocky;
Perennial herb, blooms April-May. elevation 400-1 500 meters.
Penstemon heterodoxus Gray var.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
shastensis ( Keck) N . Hol mgren
Penstemon californicus ( M u nz &
Jtn . ) Keck Penstemon confusus ss p . confusus "Shasta beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
"Cali fo rnia beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of P.
confusus; not in Cal i fornia Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta,
List 18 / RED 3-2-2 Siskiyou
Riverside; Baja Cal iforn ia
49A, 65C, 66A, 66B, 66C, 66D, 67A
Penstemon confusus ss p . patens Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, u pper mon­
Considered but rejected: a synonym of P. tane con iferous forest; elevation
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous patens; a common taxon
forest, pi nyon and j u n i per wood land / 1 1 00-2400 meters.
sandy; elevation 1 1 70-2300 meters. Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Penstemon filiformis ( Keck) Keck See American Midland Naturalist 33 : 1 65
Known in California from fewer than "thread-leaved beardtongue" ( 1 945) for original description, and Brit­
twenty occurrences. Threatened by graz­ Scrophulariaceae tonia 44(4):482 ( 1 992) for revised
i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 nomenclature.
Academy ofSciences 23:31 ( 1 924) for origi­ Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity
nal descri ption. 665B, 666A, 666B, 667A, 667B, 667C, Penstemon janishiae N. Hol mgren
667D, 682A, 682B, 682C, 682D, 683B, "Janish's beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
Penstemon cinereus Piper 683C, 683D
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
"gray beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae Cismontane woodland, lower montane Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
450-1 830 meters. 622C, 622D, 659A, 692A, 693B
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Nevada, Oregon Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and j u n i per erous forest, pi nyon and juni per wood­
woodland / volcanic, gravelly; elevation Possibly threatened by logging and recre­ land / gravel ly, volcanic; elevation
1 065-1 950 meters. ation. Confused with P. laetus var. sagitta­ 1 065-2350 meters.
tus. See University ofCalifornia Publications
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August. in Botany 1 6:394 ( 1 93 2 ) for original Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
lntergrades with P. humilis var. humilis; see descri ption. Known in Cal ifornia only from two occur­
that taxon in TheJepson Manual. rences on Diamond Mtn . ( Lassen Coun­
ty), and west of Altu ras (Modoc County).
Penstemon floridus var. austinii Threatened in Idaho, and on review l ist i n
Penstemon cinicola Keck Considered but rejected: too common Oregon. See Brittonia 3 1 : 2 2 3 ( 1 979) for
"ash beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae original descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1 Penstemon floridus var. floridus
Del Norte, Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Considered but rejected: too common Penstemon monoensis
Oregon Considered but rejected : too common
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Penstemon fruticiformis Cov. var.
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / volcanic, sandy or rocky; amargosae ( Keck) N . Hol mgren Penstemon neotericus
elevation 730-2200 meters. " Death Valley beardtongue" Considered but rejected : too common
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. Scro p h u lariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2 Penstemon newberryi var. berryi
See Carnegie Institute of Washington Pub­
lication 520:294 ( 1 940) for original I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada Considered but rejected : too common
descri ption. 274C, 2 74D, 305D, 368D
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
850-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS 241

Penstemon newberryi Gray var.

sonomensis (Greene) J eps.
"Sonoma beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
500A, 500B, 5 0 1 A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
533C
Chaparral (rocky); elevation 700-1 3 70
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Known from fewer than twenty
occurrences.

Penstemon papillatus J .T. Howel l

" I nyo beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, Kern, Mono
Pinyon and juniper woodland, subalpine
con iferous forest / rocky, granitic;
elevation 2000-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J uly.

Penstemon personatus Keck

"closed-th roated beardtongue"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Nevada, Plumas, Sierra
556B, 572C, 589A, 590A, 590B, 590C,
590D, 591 B, 59 1 C, 591 D, 592A, 605C,
6060
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
metavolcanic; elevation 1 065-21 20
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September.
Threatened by logging activities. Plumas
NF has adopted species management
guidelines. See Madrano 3(6):248-250
( 1 936) for original descri ption.

Penstemon purpusii
Considered but rejected : too common

Penstemon rattanii Gray var. kleei

(Greene) Gray
"Santa Cruz Mountai ns beardtongue"
Scrophu lariaceae Penstemon filiformis
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz
387B, 406C, 407D, 408B, 408C, 408D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous forest;
elevation 400-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
242 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Penstemon scapoides Keck See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America Threatened by non-native plants.
2(1 ):269 ( 1 878) for original description,
"pi nyon beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 36( 1 ) :
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Pentachaeta bellidiflora Greene
690 ( 1 909) for revised nomenclature,
I nyo and Aliso 2( 2 ) : 1 94-1 95 ( 1 950) for "white-rayed pentachaeta" Asteraceae
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper species i nformation. List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
woodland, subal pine coniferous forest / State Endangered/Federal
rocky, carbonate; elevation 2000-3200 Penstemon thurberi Torr. Endangered
meters. Mari n * , Santa Cruz*, San Mateo
"Thurber's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
Perennial herb, blooms June-July. 387B*, 408A*, 408B*, 408C* , 408D*,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Potentially threatened by mini ng. See Uni­ 429A, 448 B*, 448C*, 448D*, 466B*,
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany Diego; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Nevada, 467A*, 467D*
1 6:379 ( 1 932) for original description. Val ley and footh ill grassland (often ser­
New Mexico, and elsewhere
Chaparral, Josh ua tree "woodland", pi ny­ pentinite ); elevation 35-620 meters.
Penstemon shastensis on and juniper wood land, Sonoran desert Annual herb, blooms March-May.
See Penstemon heterodoxus var. shastensis scrub; elevation 500-1 200 meters. Known from only one extended occur­
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. rence bisected by Highway 280; historical
Penstemon stephensii Bdg. occurrences lost to development. See Bul­
letin ofthe California Academy ofSciences 1 :86
"Stephens's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae Penstemon tracyi Keck ( 1 885) for original description, and Uni­
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 "Tracy's beardtongue" Scrophu lariaceae versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 65:
I nyo, San Bernardino List 18 / RED 3-1-3 1 -41 ( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment.
1 76A, 1 76C, 200C, 250A, 250B, 2 74C, Tri n ity
2 74D, 275A, 298D 667B, 667C, 668A, 668B, 684C, 685D Pentachaeta exilis (Gray) Gray ssp.
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and Upper montane coniferous forest aeolica Van Horn & Orn d u ff
j un iper woodland / usually carbonate, (rocky); elevation 1 980-2 1 45 meters. "slender pentachaeta" Asteraceae
rocky; elevation 1 1 60- 1 850 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August. List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences. Monterey, San Benito
See American Midland Naturalist 23:603-605 3 1 9C, 339C, 340D
Penstemon sudans J ones ( 1 940) for original description.
Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
"Susanville beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae grassland; elevation 640-855 meters.
List 1 8 I RED 2-1-2 Penstemon utahensis Eastw. Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Lassen; Nevada " Utah beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae Known from approximately five occur­
622A, 622B, 622C, 623A, 623B, 623D, List 2 / RED 2-1-1 rences near The Indians (Monterey Coun­
638B, 639A, 639C, 639D, 640C, 640D I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, ty) and Hernandez (San Benito County).
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­ Utah Threatened by vehicles and grazing. See
ous forest, pinyon and juniper woodland / 1 99B, 200A, 2 24C, 225D, 249D, 2 74C
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
volcanic, rocky; elevation 1 200-1 830 65: 1 -41 ( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment.
meters. Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJune-J u ly. j u n i per wood land / rocky; elevation Pentachaeta fragilis Bdg.
Known in Cal iforn ia only from the vici ni­ 1 065-2 500 meters. "fragi le pentachaeta" Asteraceae
ty of Susanvi l l e . See Contributions to West­ Perennial herb, blooms April-May. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
ern Botany 8:3 7 ( 1 898) for original
description. See Zoe 4(2 ) : 1 24 ( 1 893) for original Kern, Madera, Merced, Monterey, Santa
description. Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Tuolumne,
Ventura
Penstemon thompsoniae (Gray) Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Ryd b.
Penstemon venustus
forest (sandy); elevation 45-2 1 00 meters.
Considered but rejected : not native
"Thompson's beardtongue" Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Scrophulariaceae See University ofCalifornia Publications in
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Pentachaeta aurea N utt.
Botany 6(7):1 70 ( 1 9 1 5) for original
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, Utah "golden-rayed pentachaeta" Asteraceae description and 65:38 ( 1 973) for taxo­
200A, 225D, 249D List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 nomic treatment.
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Pinyan and jun iper wood land (gravel ly,
Bernard i no, San Diego; Baja Californ ia Pentachaeta lyonii Gray
carbonate) ; elevation 1 500-2700 meters.
Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub,
Perennial herb, blooms May-June. " Lyon's pentachaeta" Asteraceae
lower montane con iferous forest, valley
and foothill grassland; elevation 80-1 850 List 18 / RED 3-3-3
meters. State Endangered/Federal
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ly. Endangered
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 243

Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island?*, Perideridia leptocarpa Ch uang & Perityle megalocephala var.
Ventura Const. intricata
73A*, 90D*, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3B, 1 1 3 D, Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
1 39 D, SCTN ? * " narrow-seeded yam pah" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 megalocephala var. oligophylla; a common
Chaparral (openings), coastal scrub, val­ taxon
ley and foothill grassland; elevation Siskiyou; Oregon
30-630 meters. Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland, lower montane coniferous Perityle megalocephala var.
Annual herb, blooms March-August. oligophylla
forest / usually serpentinite; elevation
Known from fewer than twenty extant 425-1 585 meters. Considered but rejected: too common
occurrences in Santa Monica Mtns. and
western Simi H i l ls. Historical collection Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
of si ngle plant from Santa Catal ina Taxonomic q uestions; possibly belongs i n Perityle villosa ( B lake) S h i n ners
Island was l i kely introduced . Threatened P. oregana. See University ofCalifornia Publi­ "Hanaupah rock daisy" Asteraceae
by development, fire regimes, and recre­ cations in Botany 55 :5 1 -54 ( 1 969) for orig­
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
ational activities. No successfu l translo­ inal description.
cation attempts as of 1 994. See Synoptical I nyo
Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) :446 ( 1 884) for 302A( * ?), 368B, 369B
Perideridia parishii (Cou lt. & Rose)
original description, and University of Cali­ Pinyon and jun iper wood land (rocky);
fornia Publications in Botany 65: 1 -41 Nels. & Macbr. ssp. parishii
elevation 1 700-2600 meters.
( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment. "Parish's yam pah" Apiaceae Perennial herb, blooms J u ne.
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Perideridia bacigalupii Chuang & San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, New Has been searched for but not rediscov­
Const. Mexico ered in Hanaupah Cyn. Collected in 1 980
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 06A, 1 06B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, on Mt. Palmer i n the Grapevine Mtns.
" Bacigalupi's yam pah" Apiaceae
1 3 2C
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Petalonyx gilmanii
Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Madera*,
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
Mariposa, Nevada, Tuolumne, Yuba See Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii
ous forest; elevation 1 465-3000 meters.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
forest / serpentinite; elevation 450-1 000 Petalonyx thurberi Gray ssp.
meters. See Botanical Gazette 1 2 : 1 57 ( 1 887) for
original description, and University ofCali­ gilmanii ( M u nz) Davis & Thom pson
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
fornia Publications in Botany 55: 1 -74 " Death Val ley sand paper-plant" Loasaceae
See University ofCalifornia Publications in ( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment. List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Botany 55:36-38 ( 1 969) for original
description. I nyo
Perideridia pringlei ( Cou It. & Rose) 303A, 323C, 326B, 326C, 327D, 348A,
Nels. & Macbr. 348D, 389C
Perideridia gairdneri ( H. & A.)
"adobe yam pah" Apiaceae Desert dunes, Mojavean desert scrub;
Math. ssp. gairdneri
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 elevation 260-1 445 meters.
"Gaird ner's yam pah" Apiaceae Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Bar­
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 bara, San Lu is Obispo, Tu lare, Ventura May-September.
Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles*, Men­ Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
docino, Monterey, Marin, Napa, Orange* , rences. Disti nctiveness from ssp. thurberi
scrub, pi nyon and juniper woodland / ser­
San Benito, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San needs study.
pentinite, often clay; elevation 300-1 800
Diego*, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo(*?),
meters.
Solano, Sonoma
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. Peteria thompsoniae Wats.
coastal prarie, valley and foothill grass­ "spine-noded m i l k vetch" Fabaceae
land, vernal pools / mesic; elevation Perityle inyoensis ( Ferris) Powel l List 2 / RED 3-1-1
0-365 meters. I nyo; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and
" I nyo rock daisy" Asteraceae
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-October. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 elsewhere
Endangered in the southern portion of its I nyo 275A
range; status of occurrences uncertain. Mojavean desert scrub (sandy, all uvial
327C, 350B, 350D
Can be relatively common locally, espe­ fans); elevation 800-825 meters.
cially in northern counties. Is plant extant Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
in San Mateo Cou nty? Threatened by agri­ wood land / rocky, carbonate; elevation Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
culture and urbanization. See University of 1 800-271 0 meters. Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
California Publications in Botany 55:1 -74 Perennial herb, blooms June-August. rence in California Valley. Endangered i n
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment. Idaho. See Madrano 34( 4) : 3 8 1 ( 1 987) for
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
the California record.
in the southern I nyo Mtns. Threatened by
proposed mining.
Petradoria discoidea
See Chrysothamnus gramineus
244 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Petradoria pumila ( N utt. ) Green e Petrophyton caespitosum ( Nu tt.) See North American Flora 22(3):253 ( 1 908)
ssp. pumila Ryd b. ssp. acuminatum ( Rydb.) for original description, and Aliso 4:92
( 1 958) for revised nomenclature.
"rock goldenrod" Asteraceae M u nz
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 " marble rockmat" Rosaceae
Petunia parviflora
San Bernardi no, Tu lare; Arizona, Idaho, List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Considered but rejected : too common
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
330B, 352A, 3 53 D, 37SD
Pinyon and juni per woodland ( rocky, car­ Phacelia amabilis Const.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
bonate); elevation 1 070-3400 meters. "Saline Valley phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
montane coniferous forest / carbonate or
Perenn ial herb, bloomsj u ly-October. granitic, rocky; elevation 1 200-2300 List 3 / RED 3 - 1 -3
See Erythea 3 : 1 3 ( 1 895) for revised meters. Inyo
nomenclature. Shrub (evergreen), blooms 347A, 3 SOA*
August-September.

Petrophyton caespitosum
ssp. acuminatum
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 245

Riparian scrub, subalpine coniferous for­ Phacelia cinerea Eastw. Phacelia divaricata var. insularis
est / gravel ly; elevation 500-700 meters. See Phacelia insularis var. insularis
"ashy phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
List 1A
Move to List 1 B? Rediscovered in the San Nicolas Island* Phacelia exilis (Gray) G .j . Lee

[
mid-1 980's by M. DeDecker above Mud
Cyn ., growing with in a population of P. SNIC* "Transverse Range phacelia"
crenulata; probably a variant of the latter. Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation Hyd rophyllaceae
Repeated searches of the type locality unknown. List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
have been u nsuccessfu I. Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l . Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino,
Tu lare, Ventura
Known only from the type collection (in
Phacelia anelsonii Macbr. 1 90 1 ). Rediscovery attem pt i n 1 977 and Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
others since 1 983 have been unsuccess­ ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
"Aven Nelson's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae ous forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
fu l. See P. distans in TheJepson Manual. See
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 1 1 00-2700 meters.
Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 49:26
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­ ( 1 91 7) for original descri ption. Annual herb, blooms May-August.
where
Can be locally com mon. Difficult to sep­
2 24C, 2 26A, 349D arate from P. mohavensis. See Synoptical
Phacelia coerulea Greene
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and Flora ofNorth America 2( 1 ): 1 65 ( 1 878)
j u niper woodland / carbonate, sandy or "sky-blue phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae for original descri ption, and Systematic
gravelly; elevation 1 200- 1 500 meters. Llst 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Botany 1 3( 1 ): 1 6-20 ( 1 988) for revised
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May. San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, nomenclature.
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium elsewhere
49:26 ( 1 9 1 7) for original description. Phacelia tloribunda Greene
249D
"many-flowered phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
Phacelia argentea Nels. & Macbr. jun iper woodland; elevation 1 400-2000 List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
"sand d u n e phacelia" Hydrophyl l aceae meters. San Clemente Island; Guadalu pe Island
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 (Mexico)
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Del Norte; Oregon SCMC, SCMN, SCMS
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
740B, 740C 8 : 1 22 ( 1 88 1 ) for original description. Coastal scrub; elevation 1 5-500 meters.
Coastal dunes; elevation 3-25 meters. Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. Phacelia cookei Const. & Heckard Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences over its range. Feral herbivores
Known in Cal ifornia from only five occur­ "Cooke's phacelia" Hydrophyll aceae removed from San Clemente Island, and
rences near Lake Earl and the Smith River List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 vegetation recovering.
Du nes. Threatened by coastal develop­ Siskiyou
ment, vehicles, and non-native plants.
State-listed as Threatened in Oregon. See 698B, 71 5C, 71 6C Phacelia greenei j .T. Howel l
Botanical Gazette 61 :34 ( 1 91 6) for original Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
"Scott Val ley phacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae
descri ption. erous forest / sandy, volcanic; elevation
1 095-1 700 meters. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Siskiyou
Phacelia calthifolia Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
700A, 700C, 700D, 7 0 1 A, 701 C, 701 D,
Considered but rejected: too common Known from approximately six occur­
7 1 7B, 71 7C, 71 8C, 7 1 8 D
rences. Threatened by non-native plants,
and possibly by fi re su ppression. See Brit­ Closed-cone coniferous forest, lower
Phacelia ciliata Benth. var. opaca tonia 2 2 ( 1 ):25-30 ( 1 970) for original montane coniferous forest, subalpine
j .T. H owel l description. coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / serpentinite; elevation
"Merced phacelia" Hydrophyll aceae
800-2440 meters.
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 Phacelia dalesiana j .T. Howel l
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Merced "Scott Mou ntain phacelia"
Known only in the vici nity of Scott Valley.
400B, 40 1 A, 420C, 42 1 C, 42 1 D Hydrophyl laceae Possibly threatened by mining.
Val l ey and foothill grassland (clay); List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
elevation 60- 1 50 meters. Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity
Phacelia grisea
Annual herb, blooms February-May. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
Considered but rejected : too common
Known from fewer than ten extant occur­ ows and seeps, subal pine coniferous for­
rences. Occurrences mostly h istorical ; est, upper montane coniferous forest /
need field surveys. See P. ciliata in TheJep­ serpentin ite; elevation 1 025-2 1 05 meters.
son Manual. See Leaflets of Western Botany Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
1 : 2 2 1 ( 1 936) for original description. Possibly threatened by logging and graz­
i ng. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 5 1
( 1 937) for original description.
246 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Phacelia gymnoclada Wats. Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­ Cismontane woodl and, lower montane
erous forest, playas / al ka l i ne; elevation coniferous forest, meadows and seeps,
"naked-stemmed phacelia" 1 500-2000 meters. pi nyon and jun iper woodland / sandy or
Hyd rophyllaceae gravel ly; elevation 1 400-2500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Endangered in Oregon. See Leaflets of Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon
Western Botany 4: 1 5 ( 1 944) for original Difficult to separate from P. exilis. See Syn­
602A, 620C, 620D descri ption, and Madrano 28(3): 1 2 1 -1 3 2 optical Flora ofNorth America 2( 1 ): 1 64
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub, ( 1 98 1 ) for taxonomic treatment. ( 1 878) for original description, and Sys­
pi nyon and j u n i per woodland / gravelly tematic Botany 1 3( 1 ) : 1 6-20 ( 1 988) for
or clay; elevation 1 220-2500 meters. additional i nformation.
Phacelia inyoensis ( Macbr. ) J .T.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-August. H owel l
Need q uads for Mono County. Endan­ Phacelia monoensis Halse
gered i n Oregon. See Botany ofthe King " I nyo phacelia" Hydrophyl l aceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 " Mono County phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
Exploration, p. 255 ( 1 871 ) for original
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
description. I nyo, Mono
Mono; Nevada
351 D, 393A, 41 2C, 4 1 3 B, 41 3C, 432C,
433A, 434A, 451 D 469B, 470B, 486C, 487C, 487D, 488A
Phacelia insularis M u nz var.
continentis J .T. Howe l l Meadows and seeps (alkal ine); elevation Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
9 1 5-3200 meters. woodland / clay, often roadsides;
"North Coast phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae elevation 1 900-2900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Mendocino, Marin Threatened by grazing and vehicles. See
Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 49:41 Known in California from thirteen occur­
485B, 485C, 569A, 585D ( 1 9 1 7) for original description, Leaflets rences. Threatened by vehicles, grazi ng,
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nespecies ofWestern Botany 4: 1 6 ( 1 944) for revised and trampli ng. Threatened in Nevada.
sandy; elevation 1 0-1 70 meters. nomenclature, and Madrano 28(3): See Madrano 28(3 ) : 1 24-1 25 ( 1 98 1 ) for
1 2 1 -1 32 ( 1 981 ) for taxonomic treatment. original descri ption, and lntermountain
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Flora 4:1 77 ( 1 984) for alternate taxo­
Known from approximately seven occur­ nomic treatment.
rences. Threatened by foot traffic, non­ Phacelia ivesiana
native plants, and grazing. See American Considered but rejected : too common
Midland Naturalist 33 :474 ( 1 945) for origi­ Phacelia mustelina Cov.
nal descri ption. " Death Val l ey rou n d-leaved phacelia"
Phacelia ixodes
Hyd rophyllaceae
Considered but rejected: not in California
Phacelia insularis M u nz var. List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
insularis Inyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
Phacelia leonis J .T. Howe l l 232B, 2 76B, 300B, 302A, 323B, 325B,
"northern Channel Islands phacelia"
Hydrophyllaceae "Siskiyou phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae 325D, 368A, 368B, 368D, 369B, 389D,
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2 392D
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Siskiyou, Tri nity Mojavean desert scrub, p inyon and
Federal Endangered
667A, 682B, 682C, 683B, 684A, 684C, juniper woodland / carbonate or vol­
San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island canic, gravelly or rocky; elevation
684D, 686D, 699C, 700C, 738A, 738D
SM IW, SROE, SRON 730-2620 meters.
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
Coastal Du nes, valley and foothill grass­ coni ferous forest (openings) / often ser­ Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
land; elevation 0-2 1 5 meters. pentinite; elevation 1 200-2000 meters. Known in California from fewer than
Annual herb, blooms March-April. Annual herb, blooms June-August. twenty occurrences. Most occurrences
Known from fewer than five occurrences; h istorical; need field surveys. On watch
only one seen recently. Seen on Santa l ist in Nevada. Seejournal ofthe Washington
Rosa Island in 1 994 (first collection since
Phacelia longipes Academy ofSciences 27( 5 ): 1 96 ( 1 937) for
1 973 ). Last seen on San Miguel Island i n Considered but rejected: too common original description.
1 984. Threatened b y feral herbivores o n
Santa Rosa Island. See Bulletin ofthe South­ Phacelia lyonii Phacelia nashiana Jeps.
ern California Academy ofSciences 3 1 : 1 1 3 Considered but rejected: too common
( 1 932) for original description, and Amer­ "Charlotte's phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
ican Midland Naturalist 33:472-474 ( 1 945) List 1 8 / RED 1 -2-3
for taxonomic treatment. Phacelia marcescens I nyo, Kern, Tu lare
Considered but rejected : too common 2 1 1 A, 235A, 235B, 235C, 236D, 258B,
Phacelia inundata J .T. Howe l l 258C, 259A, 259C, 259D, 282A, 282B,
Phacelia mohavensis Gray 282C, 283D, 306A, 306D
"playa phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
List 18 / RED 2-1-2 " M ojave phacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae
desert scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per wood­
Lassen, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
land; elevation 600-2200 meters.
639D, 640B, 640C, 641 A, 71 2A, 728C Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 247

Threatened by grazing and m i n i ng. See Phacelia perityloides Cov. var. Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Flora ofCalifornia 3 ( 2 ) : 276-277 ( 1 943 ) by jaegeri M u nz rences. Many occurrences historical; need
W. L. J epson for original description. field surveys. Possibly threatened by foot
"Jaeger's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae traffic and trail construction.
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Phacelia novenmillensis M u nz
San Bernard i no; Nevada Phacelia platyloba
" N i n e Mile Canyon phacelia"
249 0 Considered but rejected : too common
Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3 Pi nyon and juniper wood land ( rocky,
often carbonate); elevation 1 830-2345
Inyo, Kern, Tulare Phacelia pringlei
meters.
258B, 282C, 283 D, 306C, 307D Considered but rejected : too common
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
Known in California only from Clark
wood land, pinyon and jun iper woodland,
Mtn . ; known in Nevada only from the
Phacelia pulchella Gray var.
upper montane coniferous forest / sandy gooddingii ( Bran d ) J .T. Howel l
Sheep Mtns. See Man ual of Southern
or gravelly; elevation 1 645-2640 meters.
California, p. 41 2, 600 ( 1 935) by P.A. "Goodd i ng's phacel ia" Hyd rophyllaceae
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne. Munz for original description. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Threatened by grazing and recreation. I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
See Aliso 3(2): 1 22-1 24 ( 1 955) for origi­ Phacelia phacelioides ( Ben th . )
nal description. 273C
Brand Mojavean desert scrub (clay, often alka­
" Mt. Diablo phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae line); elevation 800-1 000 meters.
Phacelia orogenes Brand
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
"mountain phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae Contra Costa, San Benito, Santa Clara, Known in California from only one occur­
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 Stanislaus rence i n Mesqu ite Valley. See Pflanzenreich
Fresno, Tu lare 339B, 425B, 425C, 426C, 426D, 444D, 4(2 5 1 ): 1 20 ( 1 9 1 3) for original descrip­
Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and jun iper 464B, 464C tion , and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 5): 1 1 9
woodland, subalpine coniferous forest / Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ( 1 942) for revised nomenclature.
mesic; elevation 2400-3400 meters. rocky; elevation 500- 1 370 meters.
Annual herb, blooms July-August. Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-May.

Phacelia parishii Gray

" Parish's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
1 3 1 B * , 1 82A, 205C
Mojavean desert scrub, playas / clay or
alkaline; elevation 540-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-Ju ly.
Rediscovered in California in 1 989 by M.
Bagley; now known in Cal ifornia Ii-om
two occurrences. Threatened by military
activities, and potentially by expansion of
Ft. Irwin. Known in Arizona from only one
occurrence discovered in 1 994. See Pro­
ceeding? ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 9:88 ( 1 883) for original descrip­
tion, and American Midland Naturalist 29:
1 6-1 7 ( 1 943 ) for taxonomic treatment.

Phacelia peirsoniana j .T. Howe l l

" Peirson's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
wood land / rocky, carbonate; elevation
1 370-2700 meters. Phacelia parishii
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 5): 1 1 7
( 1 942 ) for original description, and Amer­
ican Midland Naturalist 29:21 ( 1 943) for
taxonomic treatment.
248 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Phacelia sericea (Graha m ) Gray var. Known from only th ree occurrences. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
ciliosa Ryd b. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club Threatened by u rbanization and recre­
5 1 :298 ( 1 924) for original descri ption, ation. See Proceedings ofthe American Acad­
"blue alpine p hacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae and Aliso 9 ( 2 ) : 1 89-1 96 ( 1 978) for emy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 : 3 1 0 ( 1 887) for
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 revised nomenclature. original descri ption.
Modoc, Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Wyoming, and elsewhere Phacelia vallicola Phlox hirsuta E. Nels.
690B, 690C, 700A, 708D Considered but rejected : too common
"Yreka phlox" Polemoniaceae
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­
erous forest ( rocky); elevation List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Phalacroseris bolanderi State Endangered/Federal
2 1 00-2700 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common Endangered
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-August.
Siskiyou
Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. (Modoc Cou nty) and China Mtn.
Phaseolus filiformis Benth. 71 7A, 7 1 7B
(Siskiyou County). "slender-stem bean" Fabaceae Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
Phacelia stebbinsii Const. & Riverside; Arizona, Baja California, and talus; elevation 820-1 500 meters.
Heckard elsewhere Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
64C Known from only three occurrences near
"Stebbi ns's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 1 25 Yreka. Threatened by development and
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
meters. vehicles.
El Dorado, Nevada, Placer
Annual herb, blooms April .
523C, 524A, 524B, 524C, 525A, 525B,
525D, 539B, 53 9C, 539D, 540A, 540C, Known in California from only o n e occur­ Phlox muscoides N utt.
540D, 556B, 556D rence in the Coachella Valley. " moss phlox" Polemon iaceae
Cismontane woodland, lower montane List 2 / RED 2- 1 -1
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps; Phaseolus wrightii Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Neva­
elevation 6 1 0-201 0 meters. See Phaseolus filiformis da, Oregon, and elsewhere
Ann ual h erb, bloomsJune-J uly. 623D, 626A, 690B, 690C, 707C, 708D,
See Brittonia 22( 1 ):25-30 ( 1 970) for orig­ Phlox adsurgens 7 1 2A, 7 1 2B, 730C, 730D, 73 1 A, 73 1 C,
i nal description. 73 1 D
Considered but rejected: too common
Alpine boulder and rock field, Great Basin
scrub, subalpine coniferous forest / gravel­
Phacelia stellaris Brand Phlox azurea ly or rocky; elevation 1 280-2700 meters.
" Brand's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of P. Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2 diffusa; a common taxon
Los Angeles(*?), San Diego; Baja
Cal iforn ia
Pholisma arenarium
Phlox bryoides
Considered but rejected : too common
1 1 B* , 1 1 D, 22C* , 36B, 89B*, 90B*, See Phlox muscoides
90C*, 1 1 0D(*?)
Coastal Du nes, coastal scrub; elevation Pholisma sonorae (Gray)
Phlox dispersa C.W. Sharsm.
5-400 meters. Yatskievych
" H igh Sierra ph lox" Polemoniaceae
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne. "sand food" Len noaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known from fewer than five occurrences. List 18 / RED 2-2-2
I nyo, Tulare
Historical occurrences extirpated by I m perial; Arizona, Baja California, Sono­
development. Some plants i ntermediate Alpine boulder and rock field (gran itic); ra (Mexico)
to P. douglasii var. douglasii occur in SE elevation 3600-4200 meters.
2A, 2B, 1 3A, 1 4B, 1 5C, 26C, 2 7C, 27D,
Western Transverse Range foothills. See Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms 30D
Pflanzenreich 4( 251 ) : 1 23 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for origi­ J u ly-August.
nal description. Desert du nes; elevation 0-200 meters.
See Aliso 4:1 28 ( 1 958) for original
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
descri ption.
Apri l-June.
Phacelia suaveolens Greene ssp.
Threatened by vehicles and m i l itary
keckii ( M u nz & J t n . ) Thorne Phlox dolichantha Gray activities. Parasitic on Eriogonum, Tiquilia,
"Santiago Peak phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae " Big Bear Valley phlox" Polemoniaceae Ambrosia, and Pluchea spp. See Memoirs of
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
Orange, Riverside 5:327 ( 1 854), Desert Plants 2(3 ): 1 88-1 96
San Bernard i no
( 1 980) for species accou nt, and Systemat­
49B, 70A, 87D 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D ic Botany 1 1 ( 4):531 -548 ( 1 986) for
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral; Pebble (pavement) plain, upper montane revised treatment.
elevation 6 1 0- 1 600 meters. coniferous forest (openings); elevation
Ann ual herb, blooms May-June. 1 830-2970 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 249

Pholistoma auritum ( Li n d i . ) Lilja Pinyon and j un iper wood land ( rocky, car­ Threatened by horticultural collecting.
var. arizonicum Uones) Const. bonate); elevation 1 800-3 1 00 meters. Alternate name P. macroceras ssp. nortensis
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-J uly. published i n IPSG Newsletter 8:3 ( 1 997).
"Arizona pholistoma" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 See Zoe 4:42 ( 1 893) for original descrip­
tion, and Proceedi ngs of the California Pinus aristata
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
Academy of Sciences IV 20: 1 30 ( 1 93 1 ) See Pinus longaeva
Sonora ( M exico)
for revised nomenclature.
1 21 D
Pinus balfouriana
Mojavean desert scru b; elevation Picea breweriana
300-700 meters. Considered but rejected : too com mon
Considered but rejected: too common
Annual herb, blooms March.
Known in Cal ifornia from only one occur­
Pinus contorta Lou d . ssp.
Picea engelmannii Enge l m . bolanderi ( Parl . ) Vasey
rence in the Whi pple Mtns.
"Engelmann spruce" Pinaceae " Bolander's beach pine" Pinaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Pholistoma racemosum List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Arizona, Idaho, Mendocino
Considered but rejected : too common
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah ,
Washington, and elsewhere 552B, 5 53A, 568B, 568C, 569A, 569D
Physalis crassifolia 667A, 679C, 701 C Closed-cone coniferous forest ( podzol­
Considered but rejected : too common l ike soi l); elevation 75-250 meters.
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 065-2 1 35 meters. Tree (evergreen ).
Physalis greenei Tree (evergreen ). Known only from the white sand pine
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P. barrens along the Mendocino coast.
Threatened by logging. Threatened by development and vehicles.
crassifolia; a common taxon
Pilostyles thurberi Gray Pinus edulis Enge l m .
Physalis lobata Torr.
"Th u rber's pi lostyles" Rafflesiaceae "two-need le pi nyon pine" Pinaceae
"lobed ground-cherry" Solanaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 List 3 / RED 3-1-1
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, and Baja California, Nevada, Sonora ( M exi­
elsewhere co), and elsewhere 200A, 200B, 225C, 225D
1 00A, 1 00D, 1 48B, 1 99B Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 0-365 Lower montane coniferous forest, pi ny­
Mojavean desert scrub (decom posed meters. on and j u n i per woodland; elevation
granitic), playas; elevation 500-800 1 300-2700 meters.
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
meters. January. Tree (evergreen ) .
Perennial herb, blooms September­ Grows inside the stems of Psorothamnus, Cal ifornia plants may b e a form o f P.
January. especially P. emoryi; flowers on the stems monophylla, or hybrids of that plant;
See Madrano 26(2): 1 0 1 ( 1 979) for fi rst of its host. See Fremontia 5(3):20-22 needs study.
California records. ( 1 977) for species account, and Madrano
26( 4): 1 89 ( 1 979) for d istributional Pinus lambertiana
information. Considered but rejected: too common
Physaria chambersii Rol l .
"Cham bers's physaria" Brassicaceae
Pilularia americana Pinus longaeva D. K. Bai ley
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Considered but rejected: too common
Inyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, "bristlecone pine" Pinaceae
Oregon, Utah List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
226A, 249D, 325D Pinguicula macroceras Inyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere
See Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (carbon­ Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate);
ate, rocky); elevation 1 500-2590 meters. elevation 2200-3700 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May. Pinguicula vulgaris L. ssp. Tree (evergreen ).
On review l ist i n Oregon. See Rhodora macroceras ( Li n k) Calder & R. The name P. aristata has been m isapplied
41 :403 ( 1 939) for original description. Taylor to California material. See Annals ofthe
"horned butterwort" Lentibu lariaceae Missouri Botanical Garden 57: 2 1 0-249
( 1 970) for revised treatment.
Physocarpus altemans U on es) J .T. List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Howe l l Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ng­
ton, and elsewhere Pinus quadrifolia
" N evada ninebark" Rosaceae
738A, 738D, 739B, 739C, 740C, 740D Considered but rejected: too common
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah Bogs and fens (serpentin ite) ; elevation
40- 1 5 2 5 meters.
302A, 302C, 369B, 41 2A, 41 2B, 41 2C
Perennial herb (carnivorous), blooms
April-J u ne.
250 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Pinus radiata D. Don Tree (evergreen ). Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley

Threatened by development. Seriously and foothill grassland; elevation 1 5- 1 585
" Monterey pine" Pinaceae meters.
attacked by the five-spined ips bark bee­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
tle at Torrey Pines SR, but biological Perennial h erb, blooms March-J une.
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo, control apparently has contained this
San Mateo; Baja Cal iforn ia, Guadalupe Threatened by urbanization and horticul­
infestation. See American Forests 9 1 ( 1 0) : tural collecting. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
Island (Mexico) 2 6-29 ( 1 985) for species account, and can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:276
271 B, 271 D, 344B, 366C, 386C, 387A, Systematic Botany 1 1 ( 1 ) :39-50 ( 1 986) for ( 1 876) for original descri ption, Bulletin of
387B, 387D, 408C, 409A, 409D taxonomic treatment. the Torrey Botanical Club 28( 1 1 ):636 (1 901 )
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­ for revised nomenclature, and The Wild
tane woodland; elevation 25- 1 85 meters. Pinus washoensis Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 4-1 1 6 ( 1 995) by
Tree (evergreen ). Considered but rejected: too common R. Coleman for species accou nt.
Only three native stands in Cal ifornia, at
Ano Nuevo, Cambria, and the Monterey Piperia candida Morgan & Piperia elegans ssp. elegans
Pen insula; i ntroduced in many areas. Considered but rejected : too common
Only one-half of the species' historical
Ackerman
extent remai ns undeveloped on the Mon­ "white-flowered rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
terey Peninsu la, and forest destruction List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Piperia elegans ( Li n d i . ) Ryd b. ssp.
has been unevenly distributed over differ­ Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino,
decurtata Morgan & Glicenstei n
ent geomorph ic surfaces. Threatened by Santa Cruz, Siskiyou, San Mateo, Sono­ " Pt. Reyes rei n orc h i d " Orchidaceae
development, genetic contamination, ma, Trin ity; Oregon, Wash i ngton, and List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
pine pitch canker disease, and forest frag­ elsewhere
mentation, especially at Del Monte For­ Marin
est (Monterey Cou nty) and i n San Luis Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ 48SC
Obispo County; seriously threatened by tane coniferous forest, North Coast
con iferous forest / sometimes serpenti­ Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 1 5- 1 85
feral goats on Guadal u pe Island . Plants meters.
from Baja California (Cedros Islan d ) and nite; elevation 30-1 3 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September. Perennial herb, blooms J uly-October.
Guadalupe Island are genetically d istinct.
See Fremontia 1 8( 2 ): 1 5-2 1 ( 1 990) for dis­ Difficult to identify from herbari u m mate­ Known only from three small occurrences
cussion of genetic conservation work. rial. See Lindleyana 5( 4 ):205-2 1 1 ( 1 990) at Pt. Reyes NS; only a few hundred
for origi nal descri ption, and The Wild plants known as of 1 993. Threatened by
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 09-1 1 0 ( 1 995) tram pling. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Pinus remorata Lindleyana 8(2):93 ( 1 993) for original
by R. Coleman for species account.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P. descri ption, and The Wild Orchids ofCali­
muricata; a common taxon fornia, p. 1 1 7-1 20 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman
Piperia colemanii Morgan & for species account.
Pinus torreyana Glicenstein
See Pinus torreyana sspp. insularis and tor­ "Coleman's rei n orchid" Orchidaceae Piperia elongata ssp. michaelii
reyana List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 See Piperia michaelii
Butte, Colusa, Fresno, Madera, Mari­
Pinus torreyana Carr ssp. insularis posa, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Piperia leptopetala Ryd b.
Hal ler Tulare, Tuolumne
" narrow-petaled rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous for­
"Santa Rosa Island Torrey pine" Pinaceae List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
est / often sandy; elevation 1 200-2300
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 meters. El Dorado, Fresno, Lake, Los Angeles,
Santa Rosa Island Monterey, Mariposa, Nevada, Orange,
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
SROE, SRON Plu mas, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
Not in TheJepson Manual. Possibly threat­ Benito, San Diego, Santa Clara, Shasta,
Closed-cone con iferous forest; elevation ened by logging. See Lindleyana 8(2):89 Siskiyou, San Luis Obispo, Sonoma,
75-1 SO meters. ( 1 993) for original description, and The Tu lare
Tree (evergreen). Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 -1 1 3 ( 1 995)
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
by R. Coleman for species account.
See Systematic Botany 1 1 (1 ):39-50 ( 1 986) con iferous forest, u pper montane conif­
for original descri ption. erous forest; elevation 380-2225 meters.
Piperia cooperi (Wats. ) Ryd b. Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Pinus torreyana Carr ssp. torreyana "chaparral rei n orchid" Orchidaceae See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
"Torrey pine" Pinaceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 28: 270 ( 1 901 ) for original description,
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 24-
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Bernard ino, Santa Catalina Island, San 1 25 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for species
San Diego account.
Diego, Ventura; Baja California, Sonora
22B, 22C (Mexico)
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
sandstone; elevation 7 5-1 60 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 251

Piperia michaelii (Greene) Rydb. Pityopus californicus ( Eastw. ) Coastal prarie, valley and foothill grass­
Copel. f. land ; elevation 60-360 meters.
" M ichael's rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
" Californ i a p i nefoot" Ericaceae
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa, List 4 / RED 1-2-1 Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Fresno, Hu mboldt, Los Angeles*, Mon­ Threatened by development and non­
Del Norte, Fresno, H umboldt, Mendoci­
terey, Mari n, Santa Barbara, San Benito, native plants. Identification difficu lt; tax­
no, Mariposa, Marin(*?), Napa, Siskiyou, onomic work needed. See P. reticulatus
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Sonoma, Tulare; Oregon, Washington
Island , San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, var. rossianorum i n TheJepson Manual. See
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­ Pittonia 1 : 1 4 ( 1 887) for original descrip­
San Mateo, Stan islaus, Tulare, Tuolumne,
tane coniferous forest, North Coast tion, and Contributions from the Arnold
Ventura( *?), Yuba
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­ Arboretum 3:77 ( 1 932) for revised
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­ erous forest; elevation 1 5-2225 meters. nomenclature.
ous forest, chaparral, cismontane wood­
Perennial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms
land, coastal scrub, lower montane
May-August. Plagiobothrys distantiflorus
coniferous forest; elevation 3-9 1 5 meters.
Threatened by logging. State-listed as Considered but rejected: too com mon
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Sensitive in Washington . See Bulletin ofthe
Recent su rveys in Ventura Cou nty have Torrey Botanical Club 29(2):75 ( 1 902) for
been u nsuccessfu l . Known from Santa original description, and Madrano 3 : 1 55 Plagiobothrys glaber (Gray) Jtn .
Cruz Island from a single collection i n ( 1 935) for revised nomenclature. "hairless popcorn-flower" Boragin aceae
Llst 1A
1 968. See Bulletin ofthe California Acade­
my ofSciences 1 :282 ( 1 885) for origi nal
descri ption, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Plagiobothrys chorisianus Alameda* , Merced* , Mari n * , San Beni­
Club 28: 640 ( 1 90 1 ) for revised nomen­ (Chamb.) Jtn. var. chorisianus to* , Santa Clara*
clature, and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, "Choris's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae 384A* , 385B*, 385C*, 407B*, 427C*,
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
p. 1 26- 1 28 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for 427D* , 445B*, 447A*, 447D* , 467A*
species account. Meadows and seeps (alkaline), marshes
Alameda*, Santa Cruz, San Francisco,
San Mateo and swamps (coastal salt); elevation
Piperia yadonii Morgan & Ackerman 1 5-1 80 meters.
409A, 409D, 429 B, 446C, 448B, 466C
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"Yadon's rein orchid" Orchidaceae Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scrub I
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 mesic; elevation 1 5-1 00 meters. Last confirmed siting in 1 954. Possi bly
relocated near Antioch; identification
Federal Endangered Annual herb, blooms March-June. uncertain. All collections since 1 930's
Monterey Taxonomic work needed; i ntergrades located in the Hollister area; plant should
344B, 366A, 366C, 3 66 D, 386B?, 386C with var. hickmanii, and differences may also be looked for there. Possibly a vari­
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­ be environmentally induced . Threatened ety of P. stipitatus. See Proceedings ofthe
ous forest, chaparral ( maritime) / sandy; by development. American Academy ofArts and Sciences
elevation 1 0-41 5 meters. 1 7:227 ( 1 882) for original description.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Plagiobothrys chorisianus (Cham . )
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ Jtn . var. hickmanii (Greene) J tn . Plagiobothrys glomeratus
rences. Threatened by u rban ization, Considered but rejected : not in California
" H ickman's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
recreational development, non-native List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
plants, road mai ntenance, and herbivory. Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus ( Pi per)
Monterey, San Ben ito, Santa Clara, Santa
See Lindleyana 5(4): 205-2 1 1 ( 1 990) for
original description, and The Wild Orchids Cruz, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo? Jtn . var. modestusjtn.
ofCalifornia, p. 1 34-1 35 ( 1 995) by R. Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, "Cedar Crest popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
Coleman for species accou nt. coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, ver­ List 3 / RED 3-?-3
nal pools; elevation 1 5-1 85 meters.
Nevada
Piptatherum micranthum (Tri n . & Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June. 542A
Ru pr. ) Barkworth Does plant occur i n San Mateo County? Cismontane woodland ; elevation 870
lntergrades with var. chorisianus. See Pitto­
"small-flowered rice grass" Poaceae meters.
nia 1 : 1 3 ( 1 887) for original descri ption,
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 and Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum Annual herb, blooms April-May.
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Idaho, and 3 :49 ( 1 93 2 ) for revised nomenclature. Move to List 1 A? Apparently not col lect­
elsewhere ed since 1 937; field su rveys needed. May
249D, 250B, 41 2A, 41 2B, 43 1 D be a m i nor variant or hybrid . Position i n
Plagiobothrys diffusus (Greene) Jtn. t h e P. glyptocarpus/P distantiflorus complex
Pi nyan and jun iper wood land (gravel ly, "San Francisco popcorn-flower" needs study.
carbonate); elevation 700-2950 meters. Boragi naceae
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Threatened in Idaho. See Phytologia State Endangered
74( 1 ) : 1 -25 ( 1 993 ) for revised nomen­ Alameda, Santa Cruz, San Francisco*
clature.
387B, 387E, 407C, 408D, 465C, 466C*
252 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Plagiobothrys hystriculus ( Pi per) Identification uncertai n. Relationship to Plagiobothrys torreyi (G r ay) Gray
Jtn . P. torreyi com plex needs study. More var. torreyi
South American specimens needed for
" bearded popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae comparison with California material. "Yosemite popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1A List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Solano* Plagiobothrys parishii Jtn. Mariposa
48 1 0* 437A, 437B, 438A
" Parish's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
Valley and footh i l l grassland ( mesic), List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Lower montane con iferous forest,
vernal pools; elevation 1 0-50 meters. meadows and seeps; elevati on
I nyo*, Los Angeles*, Mono*, San
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May. 1 200- 1 3 70 meters.
Bernard i no
Known only from the type collection (in Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
1 3 1 B, 1 600*, 1 80A*, 3 5 1 0 * , 432C*,
1 89 2 ) in the Montezuma H i l ls; all other 4320* Known only from the Yosemite Valley.

I
reports have been m isidentifications. Eas­ Taxonomic status ofvars. torreyi and dif­
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
ily confused with P. acanthocarpus, P. tra­ {Usus need research. See Proceedings of the
land " / alkal i ne, mesic; elevation
chycarpus, and others. American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:58

l
750-1 400 meters.
( 1 874) for original description and
Annual herb, blooms March-November. 20:284 ( 1 885) for revised nomenclature.
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus (Greene)
Known in California from only one occur­
Jtn . rence at Rabbit Springs. Threatened by Plagiobothrys uncinatus J .T.
" M ayacamas popcorn-flower" groundwater pumping. See Contributions
Boraginaceae from the Gray Herbarium 68:78 ( 1 923) for Howe l l
List 1A original description, and Contributions "hooked popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
Lake*, Mendocino?* from the Arnold Arboretum 3:54-55 ( 1 932) List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
for taxonomic treatment. Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, San
549C*, 5660?*
Luis Obispo
Chaparral?, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothill grassland / mesic; elevation
Plagiobothrys salsus ( Bdg. ) Jtn . 270B, 295B?, 295C, 296A, 3 1 8B, 31 9B,
300-450 meters. "desert popcorn-flower" Boragi naceae 3 1 9C, 341 B, 341 C, 343A, 343B, 343D,
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
363C, 425B
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
I nyo, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon Chaparral (sandy), cismontane wood­
Known only from the type collection by land, valley and foothill grassland;
Curran ( Lakeport, Lake County) in 1 884 299B, 322C, 3 2 2 D, 707B, 707C elevation 300-730 meters.
and an uncertain collection by Purpus Playas (alkal ine); elevation 700 meters.
( Potter Valley, Mendocino County) in Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
1 899; should be looked for i n these areas. Annual herb, blooms May-August. Field su rveys needed in Gabi/an and
Known in Cal ifornia from approxi mately Santa Lucia ranges to determ ine status.
five occurrences. Endangered in Oregon ,
Plagiobothrys mollis (Gray) Jtn. b u t more widespread in Nevada. See
var. vestitus (Greene) Jtn. Botanical Gazette 27:452 ( 1 899) for origi­ Plantago maritima var. californica
nal description. Considered but rejected: too common
" Petaluma popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1A
Sonoma* Plagiobothrys scriptus Platanthera stricta Li n d i .
484B* Considered but rejected: too common "slender bog-orchid" Orchidaceae
Marshes and swam ps? (coastal salt), val­ List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
ley and foothi l l grassland (mesic); Plagiobothrys strictus (Greene) Jtn. Del Norte, H u mboldt, Modoc, Siskiyou,
elevation 1 0-50 meters. Trinity; New Mexico, Oregon , Wyoming,
"Calistoga popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae and elsewhere
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Known only from the type collection ( i n Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
State Threatened/Federal ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 880) near Petaluma. Field work needed. Endangered 1 000-2300 meters.
Napa Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Plagiobothrys myosotoides 5 1 70 See The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 5 1 -
( Leh m . ) Brand Meadows and seeps, valley and foothi l l 1 53 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for species
"forget-me-not popcorn-flower" grassland , vernal pools / alkaline areas accou nt.
Boraginaceae near thermal spri ngs; elevation 90-1 60
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 meters.
Platystemon californicus Be nth .
Fresno, Santa Clara, Tu lare; South Annual herb, blooms March-June.
var. ciliatus D u n kl e
America Known from only two extant occurrences
Chaparral; elevation 500-2000 meters. near Calistoga. Threatened by urbaniza­ "Santa Barbara Island cream cups"
tion, recreational activities, and airport Papaveraceae
Annual herb, blooms April-May. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
maintenance.
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 253

Coastal bluff scrub; elevation SO meters. Known from fewer than t e n occurrences. Poa atropurpurea Scri b n .
Annual herb, blooms February-M ay. Threatened by logging. See Americanjour­
"San Bernard i n o b l u e grass" Poaceae
nal ofBotany 28:360 ( 1 94 1 ) for original
Known from only one extended occur­ List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
descri pti o n , Leaflets ofWestern Botany
rence. Threatened by non-native plants.
4( 1 0 ) :247 ( 1 946) for revised nomencla­ Federal Endangered
See P. californicus in TheJepson Manual. See
ture, and Taxon 27( 4 ):375 ( 1 978) for San Bernardino, San Diego
Madrano 21 ( 5 ) : 3 6 6-367 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for alternate nomenclature.
species account. 1 9 B, 1 9C, 20D, 49D, 1 04B, 1 0SA, 1 0SB,
1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Pleuropogon refractus (Gray) Mead ows and seeps ( m esic); elevation
Plectritis eichleriana
Benth . 1 3 60-2455 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of P.
macrocera; a common taxon " n o d d i n g semaph ore grass" Poaceae Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 April-August.

Plectritis jepsonii Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino, Mari n ; Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Oregon , Washi ngton, and elsewhere rences in the San Bernard i n o Mtns. (San
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
Bernard i n o Cou nty) and Lagu n a Mtns.
macrocera; a com m on taxon Lower montane co niferous forest, mead­
(San Diego County). Threatened by devel­
ows and seeps, North Coast coniferous
opment, grazing, and vehicles, and poten­
forest, riparian scru b / mesic; elevation
Plectritis macrocera ss p . 0-1 600 meters. tially by hybridization with non-native P.
macrocera pratensis.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Co nsidered but rejected: too com mon; a May-August.
synonym of P. macrocera Poa fibrata
Considered but rejected : a hybrid, some­
Poa abbreviata R. Br. ssp. marshii
Pleuropogon californicus (C.G. times stabil ized, between P. pratensis and
Soreng P. secunda ssp. nevadensis
Nees von Esenbeck) Vasey var. davyi
" M arsh's b l u e grass" Poaceae
( Benson) A. Love & D. Love
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 Poa lettermanii Vasey
" D avy's semaphore grass" Poaceae Mono; I d aho, Nevada
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 " Letterman's b l u e grass" Poaceae
43 1 B
Lake, Mendocino List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Al pine bou lder and rock fie l d ; elevation Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Idaho,
Cismontane woodland, lower montane 3660 meters. Nevada, Orego n , Utah, Washi ngton ,
coniferous forest, meadows a n d seeps;
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne . Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere
elevation 305-6 1 0 meters.
Known i n Ca l i forn i a from o n l y o n e 3 2 9 B , 3 94B, 394D, 432A
Perenni al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
occurrence above Perry A i k e n Creek i n Alpine boulder and rock field (sandy or
March- May.
the White Mtns. N o t i n The Jepson Manu­ rocky); elevation 3500-4265 meters.
See P. californicus in TheJepson Manual. See al. See Phytologia 7 1 ( 5 ) : 390-4 1 3 ( 1 9 9 1 )
Americanjournal ofBotany 28:360 ( 1 941 ) Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
for original descri ption .
for original description, and Novon 4: See Contributions from the U.S. National
1 6- 1 7 ( 1 994) for revised nomenclature. Herbarium 1 :273 ( 1 893) for origi n a l
Poa abbreviata R. Br. ssp. descri ption, and Systematic Botany 1 6(3 ):
Pleuropogon davyi pattersonii (Vasey) A. Love, D. Love 522-523 ( 1 99 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.

See Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi & Kapoor

" Patterso n 's blue grass" Poaceae Poa napensis Beetle
Pleuropogon hooverianus ( L. List 2 / RED 3-1-1 " N apa b l u e grass" Poaceae
Mono; I d aho, Nevada, and elsewhere
Benso n ) J .T. H owel l List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
43 1 B State Endangered/Federal
" N o rth Coast semaphore grass" Poaceae
Alpine boulder and rock fi e l d ; elevation Endangered
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
3300-3660 meters. Napa
State Rare
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. 5 1 7D
Mendocino, Mari n , Sonoma
Known in Cal i forn ia from o n ly o n e Mead ows and seeps, valley and foot h i l l
467A, 484C, 5 0 1 C, 502B, 53 SA, 5 5 1 D,
occurrence above Perry Aiken Creek i n grassland / alkal i ne, n e a r h o t springs;
567A, 568D, 583B, 583C, 584A
the Wh ite Mtns. See P. pattersonii i n The elevati on 1 00-200 meters.
Broadleaved u p land forest, meadows Jepson Manual. See Contributions from the Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
and seeps, marshes and swamps (fresh­ U.S. National Herbarium 1 : 2 75 ( 1 8 9 3 ) for
water), North Coast coniferous forest, origi n a l descripti o n , Madrano 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65 Known from only two occurrences in the
vernal pools I mesic; elevation 1 0-635 ( 1 988) fo r first Cal i forn i a record, and Cal i stoga area. Threatened by develop­
meters. Phytologia 7 1 ( 5 ) : 3 9 0-41 3 ( 1 99 1 ) fo r tax­ ment, recreational activities, and ai rport
o n o m i c treatment. mai ntenance. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
Pere n n i al herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
4:289 ( 1 946) for original description.
May-August.

Poa pattersonii
See Poa abbreviata ssp. pattersonii
254 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Poa piperi H itchc. Pogogyne clareana j .T. Howe l l Known from six occu rrences on Otay
Mesa. Highly threatened by urbanization,
"Pi per's b l u e grass" Poaceae "Santa Lucia m i nt" Lamiaceae
agricultural conversion, grazing, vehicles,
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2 List 18 / RED 3-2-3 non-native plants, and trash d u m pi ng.
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon State Endangered I mmediate field su rveys, habitat acqu isi­
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Monterey tion, and recovery essential to conti n ued
forest / serpe ntin ite, rocky; elevation su rvival of this species. See Botany ofCalifor­
295B, 29 5C, 296A, 296B, 2 9 6 D
1 00- 1 460 meters. nia 1 : 597 ( 1 876) for original description.
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland, ripari­
Pere n n ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms an woodland / intermittent streams;
April- May. elevation 300-630 meters.
Pogogyne serpylloides ssp.
On watch l ist in Orego n . See Illustrated Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
intermedia
Flora ofthe Pacific States 1 : 2 0 1
( 1 9 2 3 ) by L. Considered but rejected: too common; a
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
Abrams for original descri pti o n . synonym of P serpylloides
near Ft. H u nter Liggett. Possi bly th reat­
ened by road mai ntenance and m i l itary
Poa rhizomata H itchc. activities. See Four Seasons 4(3 ) : 2 2 ( 1 973) Pohlia tundrae Shaw
for original descri ption.
"ti m be r b l u e grass" Poaceae Bryaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1 List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Oregon Pogogyne douglasii ssp. minor I nyo, Siskiyou, Tu lare
Consi dered but rejected: a synonym of P 3 5 2 D, 3730, 70 1 C
Lower montane con i ferous forest (often
serpentinite); elevation 1 50- 1 000 meters. douglasii; a common taxon
Alpine boulder and rock field (gravelly,
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms damp so i l ) ; elevati on 2700-3000 meters.
April-M ay. Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora Moss.
On review l ist i n Orego n . Consi dered but rejected: a synonym of P
See The Bryologist 84( 1 ) : 65-74 ( 1 9 8 1 ) for
douglasii; a common taxon
original descri pti o n .
Poa sierrae
Considered but rejected: too co m mon
Pogogyne douglasii ssp. ramosa Polemonium chartaceum Mason
Considered but rej ected : a synonym of P
douglasii; a co mmon taxon " M ason's sky pi lot" Polemon iaceae
Poa tenerrima List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
Considered but rejected : too co mmon Mono, Si skiyo u , Tri n ity; Nevada
Pogogyne floribunda j o kerst
43 1 B , 432A, 450D, 488A, 699C, 700C?
" p rofuse-flowered pogogyne" La m i aceae
Podistera nevadensis (Gray) Wats. Al pine boulder and rock field , subalpine
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
"Sierra podistera" Api aceae coniferous forest / rocky, serpentin ite,
Lassen , Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 gran itic, or volcan ic; elevation 1 800-4200
642 B , 643A, 643B, 660C, 6 6 1 C, 6 6 1 D, m eters.
Alpine, El Dorado, Mono, Placer, San
6 6 2 B , 676D, 678B, 679D, 709B, 7 1 0A,
Bernard i no*, Tuo l u m ne Peren nial h erb, bloom s J u n e-August.
7 1 0B, 71 0D, 7 1 1 A, 7 1 1 B , 7 1 1 D, 726C,
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; e l evatio n 7 2 6 D, 727C, 727D, 728C, 728D Disj u nct occu rrences in Siskiyou and
3000-4000 meters. Tri n ity counties may be taxonom ically
Vernal pools; elevation 945- 1 745 meters.
d i sti nct from transmontane plants; cur­
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Annual herb, blooms May-August. rently u nder study. On watch l ist in Neva­
Known in Oregon from only one occu r­ da. Probably related to both P. eximium
Pogogyne abramsii j .T. Howe l l rence. Endangered in Orego n . S i m i l a r to and P. elegans. See Fremontia 2 2 ( 2 ) : 24-26

"San Di ego mesa m i nt" Lamiaceae P zizyphoroides. See Aliso 1 3 ( 2 ) :347-353 ( 1 993) and Madrofio 4 5 ( 3 ) : 200-209
( 1 992) for original descri ptio n . ( 1 998) for i n formation about ongoing
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 biosystematic study.
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered Pogogyne nudiuscula Gray
Poliomintha incana (Torr. ) Gray
San Diego "Otay M esa m i nt" Lam iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-2 " frosted m i nt" Lamiaceae
2 2A, 2 2 B , 22C, 2 2 D
List 1 A
Vernal pools; elevati on 90-200 meters. State Endangered/Federal
Endangered San Bernard i n o * ; Arizona, New Mexico,
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
San Diego; Baja California*
Seriously threatened by vehicles, d u m ping, 1 3 1 0*
road mai ntenance, and urban ization of 1 0C, 1 1 B * , 1 1 D, 2 2 B * , 22C*
Lower montane co niferous forest
San Diego mesas. See Proceeding5 ofthe Cali­ Vernal pools; elevation 90-250 meters.
( mesic); elevati on 1 600- 1 700 meters.
fornia Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 1 9- 1 20 Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
( 1 93 1 ) for original description . Shru b, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 255

Known in Cal ifornia from o n ly a single Polygala cornuta Kel l . var. fishiae Polygonum bidwelliae Wats.
h i storical collection (in 1 93 8 ) at Cushen­
( Parry) J e ps. " Bidwe l l ' s knotweed" Polygo naceae
b u ry Spri ngs. Possibly extirpated by m i n ­
i ng activities. S e e Botany ofthe U.S. and " Fi s h 's m i l kwort" Polygalaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Mexican Boundary Survey, 2 ( 1 ) : 1 3 0 ( 1 858) List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 Butte, Shasta, Tehama
by W. Emory for original description, and Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Bar­ Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts bara, San Diego, Ventura; Baja California and foothill grassland / volcanic; elevation
and Sciences 7:247-296 ( 1 870) for taxo­ Chaparral, cismontane wood land, ripari­ 60-1 200 meters.
nomic treatm ent.
an woodland; elevation 1 00-1 1 00 meters. Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-August. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Polyctenium fremontii (Wats. )
I ncludes P. cornuta var. pollardii. Arts and Sciences 1 4:294 ( 1 879) for origi­
Greene var. fremontii nal descri ption.
"Fremont's c o m b l eaf" Brassicaceae
Polygala cornuta var. pollardii
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
See Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Polygonum esotericum
Lassen , Mono, Modoc, P l u m as, Si erra, See Polygonum polygaloides ssp. esotericum
Siskiyou; I d aho, Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, lower montane coni f­
Polygala heterorhyncha ( Barneby)
T. Wendt Polygonum fusiforme
erous forest, meadows and seeps, pi nyon
Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of P.
and j u n i per wood land, playas / mesic; " n otch-beaked m i l kwort" Polygalaceae persicaria; a common, non-native taxon
elevation 1 000-2060 meters. List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly. I nyo; Nevada
Polygonum hickmanii H . R. H i nds &
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of 346A, 346B, 367C
Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 1 23 ( 1 8 7 6 ) for origi­ R. Morgan
Mojavean desert scrub (alkal i ne);
nal descri pti o n , and Leaflets ofBotanical "Scott's Valley polygo n u m " Polygonaceae
elevation 900-1 600 meters.
Observation and Criticism 2 : 2 1 9 ( 1 9 1 2 ) for List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
revised nomenclature. Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-May.
Federal-proposed, Endangered
Known in Cal i fornia from two occur­
Santa Cruz
rences in the Funeral Mtns. On watch l ist
Polyctenium williamsiae Rol l i ns 407C, 408 D
in Nevada. See Leaflets of Western Botany
"Wi l l iams's c o m b l eaf" Brassicaceae 3 : 1 94 ( 1 943) for origi nal description, and Val ley and footh i l l grass land ( m u d stone
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 60 :504-5 1 4 and sandstone); e l evation 2 1 0-2 5 0
Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon ( 1 979) for revised nomenclature. meters.
469A, 486C, 487D, 62 1 A Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Marshes and swamps ( a l kal i ) , playas, Polygala intermontana T. Wendt Known from only two occurrences in
vernal pools; el evation 1 3 5 0-2700 " i nterm ou n tain m i l kwort" Polygalaceae Scott's Val l ey. About 1 000 i n d ividuals as
meters. List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 of 1 9 9 3 . Threatened by development.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly. Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Novon 5( 4):
Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and else­
3 3 6 ( 1 995) for original descri pti o n .
Known in California from only four occur­ where
rences. I nc l udes P. fremontii var. confertum. 450C
Threatened by grazing. Seejournal ofthe Polygonum marinense Mertens &
Pinyo n and j u n i per woodland; elevation
Arnold Arboretum 64:508 ( 1 9 83) for origi­ Raven
20 1 0-3080 meters.
nal descri pti o n .
Shrub, bloom s J u n e-J uly. " M arin knotweed" Polygonaceae

See journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 60( 4 ):

List 3 / RED 3-3-3
Polygala acanthoclada Gray Mari n , Napa, Solano, Sonoma
505 ( 1 979) for original descripti o n .
"thorny m i l kwort" Polygalaceae 467A, 483A, 484A, 485B, 485C, 485D,
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 5030
Polygala subspinosa Wats.
Riverside, S a n Bernard ino; Arizona, Marshes a n d swamps (coastal s a l t or
Nevada, Utah , and el sewhere "spi ny m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
brackish); elevati on 0- 1 0 meters.
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
800, 1 3 1 A, 224C, 2 2 5 D, 227B, 227C Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October.
Lassen ; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
Chenopod scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
Utah, and el sewhere
land", p i nyon and j u n i per woodland; fifteen occurrences. Taxonomic status
620A, 620B, 620D, 62 1 A, 62 1 B, 638A,
elevation 760-2285 meters. uncerta i n , related to P. aviculare; possibly
638B, 638C, 638D, 639A, 639D
Shrub, blooms May-August. syn onym of P. robertii, a non-native plant.
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per I m med iate taxonomic study needed .
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
woodland / gravelly; elevation 1 330- 1 705 Threatened by coastal development.
Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 73 ( 1 876) for origi nal
meters.
descri ption.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Polygonum montereyense
Known i n California only from the Secret Considered but rejected: a syn onym of P.
Val ley area. See American Naturalist 7:299 arenastrum; a com mon, non-native taxon
( 1 873) for original descri pti o n .
256 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Polygonum patulum Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth Perennial herb (rhizomatous, aguatic),
Considered but rejected: n o t native blooms J u ly-August.
" h o l l y fern" Dryopteridaceae
Hybridizes with P nodosus.
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Polygonum polygaloides Meisn ssp. Alpine, El Dorado, Glenn, P l u m as, Siski­
esotericum (Wheeler) H ickman you, Tri n ity?; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Potamogeton filiformis Pers.
Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngto n , and else­
" M odoc Cou nty knotweed" Polygonaceae "slen der- leaved p o n dweed "
where
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Potamogetonaceae
506B, 523A, 572B, 5 8 1 A, 697B, 702B, List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Modoc, Plumas, Sierra
7 1 9C, 7 1 9 D, 735B, 736B, 737A
Contra Costa, Lassen , Merced, Mono,
5 7 1 B, 675D, 693B, 708A, 709B, 7 1 0C,
Subalpine con i ferous forest, upper mon­ Santa Clara*, Sierra; Arizona, Nevada,
7 1 0D, 7 1 1 B, 7 1 1 C, 7 1 1 D, 726C
tane con i ferous forest / granitic or car­ Orego n , Washi ngton , and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ bonate; elevation 1 800-2600 meters.
403 B, 428A* , 428B*, 453D, 465C,
erous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile 5 72C, 640C
pools / mesic; elevati on 1 495- 1 690
J u ne-Septem ber.
meters. Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
Move to List 2? Locati o n , rarity, and freshwater); elevation 300-2 1 5 0 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August.
endangerment i nformation need ed .
Perennial herb (rh izomatous, aquatic),
Known from approximately fifteen occur­ Does plant occur in Tri n ity Cou nty?
blooms May-J u ly.
rences. Possi bly threatened by grazing
and tram p l i ng. I ntermediates to ssp. con­ To be expected i n the San Joaq u i n Val ley,
fertiflorum occur more broad ly on Modoc Populus angustifolia james San Francisco Bay area, and the central
Plateau, to Oregon. See Madrano 31 ( 4): " narrow-leaved cotto nwood" S a l icaceae h igh Sierra Nevada; need i nformation.
249-252 ( 1 984) for revised nomenclature. O n review l ist in Orego n .
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Idaho,
Polygonum polygaloides ss p . Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere Potamogeton foliosus Raf. var.
polygaloides 1 0 5A, 1 0 6C, 1 06 D, 346B, 3 5 1 C, 3 73A, fibrillosus ( Fern . ) R. H aynes & Rev.
Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of P 41 2A "fibrous pondweed " Potamogetonaceae
polygaloides ssp. confertiflorum; a common Riparian scrub; el evation 1 2 00- 1 80 0 List 2 I RED 3-1-1
taxon meters. Del Norte; Idaho, Nevada, Orego n * ,
Tree (dec i d u ous), blooms March-Ap ri l . Utah, Wash i ngton , and e lsewhere
Polypodium hesperium On watch list i n Oregon. 723B, 740C
Co nsidered but rejected: too common Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
Portulaca halimoides L. freshwater); el evation 5- 1 300 meters.
Polystichum dudleyi " d esert portulaca" Portul acaceae
Perenn ial herb (rh izomato us, aquatic),
Considered but rejected: too common blooming period u n kown.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Known in Californ ia from only one occur­
Riverside, San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja
Polystichum kruckebergii W. rence from Crescent City. To be expected
California, and el sewhere
in Great Basin areas of California; need
Wagner Joshua tree "wood land"( sandy); informatio n . End angered in Orego n .
" Kruc keberg's sword fern" Dryopteridaceae elevation 1 00 0- 1 200 meters. See Memoirs ofthe American Academy ofArts
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Annual herb, blooms September. and Sciences 1 7( 1 ) : 5 1 ( 1 932) for original
Alpine, Butte, Plu mas, San Bernard i no, Can be common following summer rains. descri ption, and Rhodora 75:76 ( 1 973) for
Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tuo l u m ne; I d aho, See Madrano 36( 4 ) : 2 8 1 -282 ( 1 989) for revised nomenclature and 76:564-649
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, and revised nomenclature. ( 1 974) for taxonomic treatment.
elsewhere
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Portulaca mundula Potamogeton praelongus Wu lfen
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevati on
See Portulaca halimoides "wh ite-ste m med pondweed"
2 1 00-3 2 00 meters.
Potamogetonaceae
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile List 2 I RED 3-1-1
J u n e-August.
Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. ssp.
Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra; Idaho,
Sensitive i n I d aho, and on watch l ist i n
nuttallii (Cham . & Sc h l d l . ) Calder &
Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
Orego n . See American Fernjournal 56:4 R. Taylor
555B, 625A, 644D
( 1 966) for original descripti o n , and Pteri­ " N utta l l 's pon dweed" Potamogetonaceae
dologia 1 : 1 -64 ( 1 979) for taxonomic Marshes and swamps (deep water,
List 2 I RED 2-2-1 lakes); elevation 1 800-3000 meters.
treatment.
El Dorado, Mendoci no, Modoc, Mari­
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous, aquatic),
posa, Plumas; Orego n, Washi ngto n , and
blooms J u ly-August.
elsewhere
Known in California from approximately
437A, 43 7B, 523C, 5 67A, 584A, 598C,
five occurrences. Need q u ad s for Lassen
5 9 9 D, 603D, 692A, 708C, 7 1 0A
Cou nty. Hybrid izes with P. richardsonii.
Marshes and swamps (assorted shal low
freshwater); elevati on 400- 1 900 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 257

Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes Potentilla concinna var. divisa Coastal b l u ff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­
ous forest, m eadows and seeps (vernally
" Robbins's pondweed" Potamogetonaceae See Potentilla concinna
mesic), marshes and swamps ( freshwa­
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 ter); elevation 1 0- 1 3 5 meters.
Alpine, I nyo, Lassen, Madera, Nevada, Potentilla cristae Ferlatte & Strother Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Sierra, Siskiyou, Tuo l u m n e ; I d aho, Ore­
"crested pote n t i l la" Rosaceae Known from only two occurrences o n the
gon, Utah, Washi ngton , and elsewhere
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 Monterey Pen i nsula and north of Moss
393A, 394A, 435A, 43 5D, 456A, 555A,
Siskiyou, Tri n ity Beach. Seriously threatened by urban iza­
703A, 7 1 9C, 720D tion, recreational activities, non-native
682B, 699C, 699D, 700D, 7 1 9C, 7 1 9D,
Marshes and swamps (deep water, grasses, grazing, and the proposed Devi l's
738D
lakes); elevation 1 585-3 300 meters. Slide Bypass highway project. See Bulletin
Alpine bou lder and rock fi eld , subal pine
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous, aquatic), ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 29 : 77-78 ( 1 902)
coniferous fo rest / seasonally mesic,
blooms J u ly-August. for origi nal descri ption, and Fremontia
often serpentinite seeps, gravelly or
2 1 ( 1 ) : 2 5-29 ( 1 993) and 24( 1 ) 3- 1 1
Need q uads for Lassen Co u nty. rocky; elevation 1 800-2800 meters.
( 1 996) for species accounts.
Pere n n i al herb, blooms August­
Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern . September.
Potentilla hickmanii var. uliginosa
"eel-grass pondweed" Pota m ogeto naceae Known from fewer than 1 0 occurrences.
Considered but rejected : not published
See Madroiio 37(3): 1 90-1 94 ( 1 990) for
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
original description.
Contra Costa, Lake, Lassen, Modoc,
Potentilla morefieldii B. Ertter
Shasta; Idaho, Orego n , Utah, Washi ng­
to n , and elsewhere Potentilla glandulosa Li n d i . ssp. " M orefi e l d 's c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae

480C, 480D, 533B, 620C, 662A, 674A, ewanii Keck List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
692A, 6 9 2 D, 693A, 693B Mono
" Ewan's c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
Marshes and swamps (assorted freshwa­ List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 43 1 B , 43 1 C, 432A, 450D
ter); elevation 0-1 860 meters. Los Angeles Alpine boulder and rock fi eld (carbon­
Annual herb (aquatic), blooms J u n e-J u ly. ate); elevation 3 2 6 5-4000 meters.
1 3 5D, 1 60 B
To be expected i n the Central Val ley; need Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Lower montane co n i ferous forest ( near
i nformation. seeps and springs); elevation 1 900-2400 See Brittonia 44(4) :429-43 5 ( 1 992) for
meters. original descri ption.
Potentilla basaltica Tie h m & B. Perennial he rb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
Ertter Known only from fo u r occu rrences in the Potentilla multijuga Leh m .
" B lack Rock potentilla" Rosaceae Dawson Sadd le area of the San Gabriel " Bal l o n a c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae
Mtns. See Carnegie Institution of Washington
List 18 / RED 3-1-2 List 1A
Publication 5 2 0:47 ( 1 940) for original
Lassen ; Nevada Los Angeles*
descri pti o n .
675C 90B*
Meadows and seeps ( a l ka l i n e , sandy, vol­ Potentilla gracilis Hook. var. Meadows and seeps ( brackis h ) ; elevati on
can ic); elevation 1 3 60-1 5 5 5 meters. 0-2 meters.
pulcherrima ( Le h m . ) Fern .
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
"white-leaved c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
Known i n Cal i forn ia from only one small Known o n ly from one occurrence near
List 2 / RED 3-2- 1
occurrence i n Ash Valley, and i n Nevada Ballona; last seen i n 1 890. Extirpated by
from one occurrence, where th reatened . Mono; I d aho, Nevada, New Mexico, development. Recent su rveys have failed
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Brittonia Utah, and elsewhere to relocate plant. Confusion exists about
3 6 ( 3 ) : 228-23 1 ( 1 984) for original 41 2B proper nomenclature. See Fremontia 21 (1 ) :
descri pti o n . 25-29 ( 1 993) for species account.
Great Basin scrub; elevation 3 0 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Potentilla concinna Richards. Known in Cal i fornia from only one occur­
Potentilla newberryi Gray
" a l p i n e c i n q u efoii" Rosaceae rence at Crooked Creek. Possi bly th reat­ "N ewberry's c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 ened by erosion. Not in TheJepson Manual. List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
See Rhodora 42: 2 1 3 ( 1 940) for revised
Mono; Nevada, and el sewhere Lassen, Mono?, Modoc, Siskiyou; Neva­
nomen clature.
43 1 C da, Orego n , Wash i ngton

Alpine boulder and rock fi eld , mead ows 643A, 7 1 2A, 71 5A, 7 1 5 B , 7 1 5 D, 726C,
and seeps ( rocky); elevation 3 1 70 meters.
Potentilla hickmanii Eastw. 728A, 728C, 729A, 730C, 730D, 73 1 C

Peren n i al herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. " H ickman's c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae Marshes and swamps (drying margi ns),
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 vernal pools; elevation 1 3 00-2200 meters.
Known i n California from only one occur­
State Endangered/Federal Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-August.
rence n ea r Tres Plu mas Meadow in the
White Mtns. See Madrofio 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65 En d angered Does plant occur in Mono Cou nty? See
( 1 988) for this record . Mo nterey, San Mateo, Sonoma* Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition 6(3 ) :
72 ( 1 8 5 7 ) for original description as
366C, 448C, 502D*
lvesia gracilis.
258 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Potentilla patellifera Cismontane wood land, valley and Cismontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
foot h i l l grassland / clay; elevation grassland / adobe clay; elevation 90-800
See lvesia patellifera
1 5- 1 5 0 meters. meters.

Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l . An n u al herb, blooms March-Apri l .

Potentilla rimicola ( M u nz &Jtn . ) B.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ More than h a l fo f known occurrences are
Ertter
rences; many occu rrences are very smal l . very smal l . Seriously threatened by agri­
" c l i ff ci n q uefo i l " Rosaceae Seriously threatened b y development, cu lture, grazing, developm ent, road con­
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1 agriculture, overgrazing, and trampl ing. struction and mai ntenance, and flood
Riverside; Baja California control activities. See Aliso 2 : 84 ( 1 949)
for original descri ption.
83C
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane con iferous forest / granitic, rocky;
Psilocarphus brevissimus N utt. var.
elevation 2400-2800 meters. multiflorus Cronq.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September. 1:�
:-
-�:-·,���- �
. . �­ " d e lta woolly-marbles" Asteraceae
Known in California o n ly from five occur­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
rences in the San Jacinto Mtns. See Bul­ Alameda, Napa, Santa Clara, San
letin ofthe Southern California Academy of Joaq u i n , Solano, Stanislaus, Yo lo
Sciences 24: 1 8 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for original descrip­ Vernal pools; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
tion, and Phytologia 71 ( 5):420-422
An nual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Does plant occur i n Contra Costa, Sacra­
mento, or other counties? Sim ilar to P.
Potentilla tularensis elatior. See Research Studies ofthe State Col­
See Horkelia tularensis lege of Washington 1 8 :80 ( 1 950) for origi­
nal descri ptio n .
Proboscidea althaeifolia ( Be nth . )
Dene. Psilocarphus elatior (Gray) Gray
" d esert u n icorn-plant" M a rtyniaceae "tall woolly-marbles" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Di ego; Arizona, Lassen , Modoc; Orego n, and elsewhere
Baja Cal i forn ia, New Mexico, Sonora Meadows and seeps, valley and footh i l l
( M exico) grassland, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation elevation 9 1 5- 1 6 1 0 meters.
1 5 0- 1 000 meters. Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-August. Probably more widespread in northern
California; need i nformati o n . Possi bly a
Pru nus fasciculata (Torr. ) Gray var. variant of P. brevissimus var. brevissimus. See

punctata J e ps. Pseudobahia Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts

bahiifolia and Sciences 8 : 6 5 2 ( 1 873 ) for origi nal
"sand almond" Rosaceae descri ptio n .
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo Psilocarphus tenellus var.
Chaparral ( m ariti me), cismontane wood­ globiferus
land, coastal d u nes, coastal scru b /
Considered but rejected : too co mmon
sandy; elevation 1 5-200 meters.
Shrub (decid u ous), blooms March-Apri l .
Psoralea rigida
See Rupertia rigida
Prunus lyonii
Considered but rejected : too com m o n
Psoralidium lanceolatum ( Pu rsh )
Ryd b.
Pseudobahia bahiifolia ( Be nth . )
Ryd b. Pseudobahia peirsonii M u nz " l a n ce- leaved scu rf-pea" Fabaceae

"San J oaq u i n adobe s u n b u rst" Asteraceae List 2 / RED 3-1-1

" H artweg's gol d e n s u n b u rst" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Lassen; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Mexico, Orego n, Texas, Uta h , Wash i ng­
State Endangered/Federal
State Endangered/Federal ton, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
Threatened
Endangered 602A, 602B, 6 0 2 D ? , 620C?
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Stanislaus, Sut­
Great Basin scrub (sandy); el evation
ter*, Yu ba* 239A, 262A* , 2 6 2 B , 2 6 2 D, 286B, 286C,
1 2 20-2500 meters.
286D, 287A*, 287D, 309C, 3 1 0A*,
378B, 398C, 440B, 440C, 440D, 44 1 A,
3 1 0D, 3 1 l A* , 333A, 333C*, 3 3 3 D * , Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
459C*, 544A*
355C, 356A, 3 5 6 B , 356C*, 3 5 6D, 378D Apri l -August.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 259

Known in California from fewer than ten Puccinellia howellii Davis Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
occurrences from south of Honey Lake.
" H owel l 's a l ka l i grass" Poaceae "green-flowered wintergree n " Ericaceae
See North American Flora 24( 1 ) : 1 3 ( 1 9 1 9 )
for revised nomenclature, and Memoirs of List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 1 A
the New York Botanical Garden61 :33-36 Shasta Sierra*; Nevada, Orego n , Wash ington ,
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment. 648B and elsewhere

Meadows and seeps ( m i n eralized); 573 D *

Psorothamnus arborescens (Gray) elevation 490 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest;
Barne by var. arborescens Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u n e. elevati on 900 meters.

Known from only one occu rrence near Shru b ( evergreen ), blooms J u n e-J u ly.
" M oj ave i nd igo- bush" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Whiskeytown . Threatened by highway Known in California only from one his­
ru noff poll ution, competition with Dis­ torical collection near Downievi l l e .
Kern, San Bernard i no; Sonora ( M exico)
tichlis spicata, and d i sturbance from the
Mojavean desert scrub, riparian scrub;
real ignment of H ighway 299. See Madrano
e levation 400- 1 1 85 meters.
37( 1 ) : 5 5-5 8 ( 1 990) for original descrip­
Pyrrocoma lucida ( Keck) Kartesz &
S h rub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-May. tion and 40( 4):202-208 ( 1 993) for con­ Gand h i
Potentially threatened by proposed expan­ fi rmation of species val i d ity. "sticky pyrrocoma" Asteraceae
sion of Ft. I rwi n (DOD). See Memoirs ofthe List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
New York Botanical Garden 2 7 : 1 82 ( 1 977) Puccinellia lemmonii Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba
for taxonomic treatment.
Consid ered b u t rejected : too common 558A, 5 7 1 A, 571 B, 5 7 1 C, 5 7 1 D, 5 72A,
586B, 587A, 587B, 587C, 587D, 588A,
Psorothamnus arborescens var. Puccinellia parishii H itchc. 588C, 588D, 589B, 602C, 603D
simplicifolius Great Bas i n scrub, lower montane conif­
" Parish's a l ka l i grass" Poaceae
Considered but rejected: too co m m on erous forest, meadows and seeps / alka­
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 l i n e clay; elevation 700- 1 880 meters.
San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, New Mexico,
Psorothamnus fremontii (Gray) Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ly-October.
and el sewhere
Barne by var. attenuatus Barneby See Phytologia 71 ( 1 ) : 5 8-6 5 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for
1318
revised nomenclature.
" narrow-leaved psoroth a m n us" Fabaceae Meadows and seeps ( a l kal i n e spri ngs and
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 seeps); elevation 700- 1 000 meters.
San Bernard i n o; Arizona, Nevada
Pyrrocoma racemosa ( N utt.) T. & G
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
var. congesta (Greene) G . Brown &
1 2 1 c, 1 2 1 0 Known in Cal i fornia o n ly from Rabbit
Kei l
Sonoran desert scrub (granitic or vol­ Springs, where confirmed in 1 9 92.
canic); el evation 3 6 5-900 meters. Occurrence from Edwards AFB, Kern " Del N o rte pyrroco ma" Asteraceae
Co unty ( 1 86 D ) is m i si dentified P. s i m ­ List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Shru b, blooms Apri l .
plex. State-l i sted a s Endangered i n New Del Norte; Oregon
Known i n Californ ia o n l y from the
Mexico. Threatened by groundwater
Wh ipple Mtns. See Memoirs ofthe New 739A, 739B, 739C, 740A, 740D
p u m p ing, flood contro l , and tram p l i ng.
York Botanical Garden 2 7:41 ( 1 9 7 7 ) for See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of Chaparral, lower montane co niferous
origi nal descripti o n . forest / serpentinite; elevation 200- 1 000
Washington 41 : 1 5 7 ( 1 9 2 8 ) for origi nal
descri pti o n . meters.

Pterygoneurum californicum Cru m Pere n n i a l herb, blooms August­

September.
Pottiaceae Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) H itchc.
See Pittonia 3 : 23 ( 1 898) for original
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 "dwarf alkali grass" Poaceae
descri pti o n , and Phytologia 73( 1 ) : 57-58
Kern ( * ? ) List 2 / RED 3-2-1 ( 1 9 9 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
240C( * ? ) Hu mboldt, Mendocino; Orego n , Wash­
Playas, valley a n d footh i l l grass land / i ngton , and e lsewhere
Pyrrocoma racemosa ( N utt.) T. & G
alka l i , so i l ; elevation 1 0- 1 00 meters. 569A, 655A
var. pinetorum ( Keck) j . Kartesz & K.
Moss (ephemeral ) . Marshes a n d swamps (coastal salt);
Gan d h i
Habitat i n southern San Joaq u i n greatly elevation 1 - 1 0 meters.
" p i n e pyrrocoma" Asteraceae
altered by u rban ization and agricu l u re. Perenn ial herb, bloo m s J u ly.
Type location most l i kely extirpated . List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Known in Cal i fornia from only three
Habitat sti l l exists, especially in estab­ Siskiyo u , Tri n ity
occurrences. Need current i nformation
l i shed alkali scrub preserves; needs sur­ Lower mo ntane con i ferous forest, mead­
on d i stribution and endangerment. On
veys. See Madrano 1 9(3 ) : 9 2 ( 1 9 67) for ows and seeps, u pper montane conifer­
review list i n Orego n .
original descri ption. ous forest; elevation 600- 1 700 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Purpusia saxosa
Puccinellia californica Threatened by logging. See Madrano 5 ( 5 ) :
See lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 1 66 ( 1 940) for origi nal description, and
Torreyochloa pa/Iida var. pauciffora; a com­ Phytologia 71 ( 1 ):61 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for revised
mon taxon Pyrola asarifolia ssp. bracteata n o m enclature.
Considered but rejected: too common
260 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Pyrrocoma uniflora ( Hook.) Greene Quercus durata jeps. var. Quercus parvula Greene var.
var. gossypina (Greene) Kartesz & gabrielensis K. N ixon & C . H . M u l ler parvula
Gand h i "San Gabriel oak" Fagaceae "Santa Cruz Island oak" Fagaceae
" Bear Val l ey pyrroco ma" Asteraceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 Los Angeles Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island
San Bernard i n o Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland; Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
1 0 5A, 1 05 B , 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D e levation 450- 1 000 meters. cismontane woodland; el evation 30-9 1 5
Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms April- May. meters.
Meadows and seeps, pebble ( pavement)
plai n ; elevation 1 600-2300 meters. Known from the San Gabriel Mtns. Shrub ( evergreen ) , blooms March-J u n e .

Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u l y-September. Threatened by u rbanization. See Navan Threatened b y feral a n i m als on Santa
4(4): 3 9 2 ( 1 994) for original descriptio n . Cruz Island. See Pittonia 1 :40 ( 1 887) for
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
original descri ptio n .
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­
ment, and vehicles. See Pittonia 3 : 2 3 Quercus engelmannii Greene
( 1 898) for original description, and Phy­
" En ge l m a n n oak" Fagaceae
Quercus parvula var. shrevei
tologia 7 1 ( 1 ) : 58-65 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised Considered but rejected: too common
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
nomenclature.
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Catalina Island, San Diego; Baja Quercus parvula Greene var.
Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia California tamalpaisensis S . K. Langer
Considered but rejected: too common
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ri pari ­ "Ta m a l pais oak" Fagaceae
an wood land, valley and footh i l l grass­
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Quercus cedrosensis C. H . M u ller land; elevation 1 2 0- 1 300 meters.
Mari n
"Cedros Island oak" Fagaceae Tree (deciduous), blooms March-May.
467A, 467B
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Only one tree remaining on Santa Catali­
Lower montane coniferous forest;
San Diego; Baja California na Island. Threatened by development
elevation 1 00-750 meters.
and grazing. Protected in part at the
9C, 1 0 D Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve (TNC),
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparra l , Riverside Cou nty. See Fremontia 1 8 (3 ) : Known o n l y from M t . Tam a l pais. May
coastal scrub; e l evati on 2 55-3 3 5 meters. 26-35 ( 1 990) for species account and hybridize with Q. wislizenii var. frutescens.
Tree ( evergreen ), blooms Apri l-May. ecological d i scussio n . Not in TheJepson Manual. See Four Sea­
Known in California from only three sons 9 ( 3 ) : 2 1 -30 ( 1 9 9 3 ) for original
occu rrences near Otay Mtn. Possibly Quercus lobata descri ption.
threatened by road construction and Consid ered but rejected : too common
Border Patrol activities. Not i n TheJepson Quercus tomentella Enge l m .
Manual. See Madrofio 1 6( 6 ) : 1 88 ( 1 962)
for original description. Quercus macdonaldii " island oak" Fagaceae
Considered but rejected : a hybrid between List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Q. berberidifolia and Q. lobata Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Quercus dumosa N utt. Santa Catal i n a Island, Santa Cruz Island,
" N utta l l ' s scru b oak" Fagaceae Santa Rosa Island; Guad a l u pe Island
Quercus pacifica K. N ixon & C. H .
List 18 / RED 2-3-2 ( Mexico)
M u l ler
Orange, Santa Barbara, San Diego; Baja Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral,
Cal ifornia " island scru b oak" Fagaceae cismontane wood land, riparian wood­
1 0C, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 2A, 2 2 B, 22C, 2 2 D,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 lan d ; elevation 1 5-730 meters.
35C, 36A, 36D, 5 2 B , 70C, 70D?, 7 1 D, Santa Catal i n a Island, Santa Cruz Island, Tree (evergreen ), blooms March-J u ly.
1 42A, 1 42 B Santa Rosa Island
Threatened by tra m p l i ng, erosi o n , graz­
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, i ng, feral herbivores, and i ntrogress i o n .
coastal scru b / sandy, clay loam; el evation cismontane woodland; elevation 0-300 Hybrid izes with Q. chrysolepis except o n
1 5-400 meters. meters. Santa Rosa and Guadal u pe islands.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-Apri l . Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-Apri l . Po pu lations o n Guadal u p e I s l and have
decl i n e d d ra m atical ly in recent years.
Threatened b y development. Widespread Threate ned by feral herbivores. Not i n
See Transactions ofthe Academy ofScience
scrub oak from much of cismontane Cali­ TheJepson Manual. See Navan 4 (4) : 3 9 1
( 1 994) for original descri pti o n .
ofSt. Louis 3 : 393 ( 1 8 77) for original
forn i a, previously cal led Q. dumosa, is
descri pti o n .
now Q. berberidifolia.
Quercus palmeri
Quercus turbinella Greene
Quercus dumosa var. kinselae Considered but rejected: too co m mon
Considered but rejected: taxonomic "shrub l ive oak" Fagaceae
problem List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1
San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Californ ia,
Nevad a, New Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico),
Texas, Utah, and el sewhere
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 261

Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland, lower Known i n California o n l y from two occur­ Rhamnus rubra ss p . rubra
montane coniferous forest, p i nyon and rences. Threatened by hydrological alter­ Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
j u n iper woodland; elevation 1 20 0-2000 ations. See Memoirs ofthe American
rubra; a co mmon taxon
meters. Academy ofArts and Sciences I I 5:306
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms Apri l-J u ne. ( 1 85 5 ) for original descri ptio n , and
Madrano 42( 4 ) : 5 1 5-5 1 6 ( 1 9 9 5 ) for Rhus trilobata T. & G var.
Known i n California o n ly from the New
occurrence i nformatio n . simplicifolia (Greene) Barkley
York Mtns. A synonym of Q. john-tuckeri in
TheJepson Manual. See Illustrations ofWest­ "si ngle-l eaved sku n kbrush" Anacardiaceae
ern American Oaks p. 37 ( 1 889) by E . L. Ranunculus lobbii Gray List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Greene for original descri pti o n . S a n Diego; Arizona, Baja California, a n d
"Lobb's aquatic buttercup" Ran u ncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 elsewhere
Raillardella muirii Alameda, Contra Costa, Mendocino, 3 1 C, 32D
See Raillardiopsis muirii Mari n , Napa, Santa Clara, Solano, Sono­ Pi nyon and j u ni per woodland; elevation
ma; Orego n , and elsewhere 1 2 20-1 3 70 meters.

Raillardella pringlei Green e Cismontane wood land, North Coast Shru b (deciduous), bl ooms March-Apri l .
coniferous forest, valley and foothi l l
"showy rai l lard e l l a " Asteraceae Known i n California from only th ree
grassland, vernal pools / mesic; elevation
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 occurrences i n the Pinyon and Val lecito
1 5-470 meters.
m o u ntains. Not i n TheJepson Manual. See
Siskiyou, Tri n ity An nual herb (aq uatic), blooms Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
667A, 667B, 682B, 683A, 683B, 684A, February-M ay. 24:41 0-4 1 1 ( 1 9 3 7) for revised nomen­
684C, 684D, 699C, 700A, 700D, 736A Threate ned by urbanization a n d clature, and Madrono 34( 2 ) : 1 7 1 ( 1 987)
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, agricu lture . for fi rst California records.
upper montane con iferous forest / mesic,
serpentinite; elevation 1 2 00-2290 meters. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vah l
Ranunculus macounii Britton
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
" Maco u n ' s buttercup" Ran u n c u laceae "white beaked-rush" Cyperaceae
J u ly-September.
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Known from approximately twenty occur­
Modoc; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Del Norte?, I nyo?, Lassen, Mendoci no,
rences. Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin
Oregon , Utah , Was h i ngton , Wyomi ng, Mariposa?, Nevada?, Pl u m as, Sonoma,
ofthe Torrey Botanical C/ub 9 : 1 7 ( 1 882) for
and el sewhere Tri nity; I daho, Oregon , Was h i ngton, and
original d escri ption, and Madrono 25(3):
el sewhere
1 38 ( 1 978) for d i stributional information. 677A
502A, 5 6 8C, 569A, 5 6 9 D, 585D, 589B,
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
605C, 625A, 625B, 632C
Raillardiopsis muirii pinyon and j u n iper woodland / mesic;
elevation 1 400- 1 800 meters. Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
See Carlquistia muirii marshes and swamps ( freshwater);
Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-J u ly.
elevation 60-2040 meters.
Raillardiopsis scabrida Known in Cal iforn ia o n ly from the Goose
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Lake area. Probably th reate ned by graz­
See Anisocarpus scabridus J u l y-August.
i ng and hydrological alterati o n . See Trans­
actions ofthe New York Academy ofSciences Does plant occur in Del Norte, I nyo,
Ranunculus alveolatus 1 2 :3 ( 1 892) for original descriptio n . Mariposa, or Nevada counties? Threat­
ened by grazing, tram p l i ng, and hydro­
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
logical alterations. Endangered in I d aho,
bonariensis var. trisepalus; a co mmon taxon Rhamnus pilosa and on review list in Orego n .
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Ranunculus bonariensis var.
Rhynchospora californica Gale
trisepalus Rhamnus pirifolia Green e
Considered but rejected: too common "Ca l i fo r n i a beaked -rush" Cyperaceae
" i s l a n d red berry" Rhamnaceae List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
List 4 I RED 1 -2-2 Butte, Mari posa, Mari n , Sonoma
Ranunculus hydrocharoides Gray San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
457D, 485C, 502A, 502D, 592C, 5 9 3 D
"frog's-bit butterc u p " Ran u ncu laceae Island, Santa Cruz I s l a n d , S a n M iguel
Islan d * , Santa Rosa Island, Guadal u pe Bogs and fe ns, lower montane co n i ferous
List 2 / RED 3-3- 1
Island ( M exico) forest, meadows and seeps (seeps),
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Baja California, New
marshes and swamps ( freshwater);
Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico), and elsewhere Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral,
elevati on 45- 1 0 1 0 meters.
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub;
3 7 3 D * , 394A?, 41 3C, 470C Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
elevation 20-430 meters.
Marshes and swamps ( freshwater); M ay-J u ly.
Tree ( evergreen), blooms February-J u ly.
el evation 1 1 00-2700 meters. Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Pittonia 3 : 1 5 ( 1 896) for original
Perennial herb (aquatic), blooms Threatened by marsh habitat loss. See
descri pti o n .
J u ne-September. Rhodora 4 6 : 2 72-273 ( 1 944) for origi nal
descri ption , and Madrano 3 3 ( 2 ) : 1 5 0
( 1 986) for i n fo rmation on Butte County
col lecti o n .
262 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Rhynchospora capitellata ( M ichx.) Ribes canthariforme Wiggi ns Ribes marshallii Greene

Vah l " M oreno cu rrant" Gross u l ariaceae " M arsh a l l 's gooseberry" Grossulariaceae
" b rown ish beaked -rush" Cyperaceae List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
List 2 I RED 2-2-1 San Diego H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Butte, Mariposa, Nevada, Plumas, Shas­ 9A, 9B, 1 0A, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 D Closed-cone coniferous forest, subalpine
ta, Sonoma( * ? ) , Tehama, Tri nity; Ore­ coniferous forest, u pper montane conifer­
Chaparral; elevation 340- 1 200 meters.
gon, Texas, and elsewhere ous forest; elevation 1 200-2 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­
457D, 502A( * ? ) , 541 B, 5 57B, 5 5 7C, Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Apri l .
5 5 8 D, 575A, 5 9 1 B, 5 9 1 C, 59 2C, 605C,
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
666B, 666D
rences. See Contrib utions from the Dudley Ribes menziesii Pursh. var.
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
Herbarium 1 : 1 0 1 ( 1 929) for original ixoderme Quick
ows and seeps, marshes and swamps,
descripti o n .
u pper montane coniferous forest / mesic; "aromatic canyon gooseberry"
e levation 455-2000 meters. Grossu lariaceae

Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August.

Ribes divaricatum Dougl. var. List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Need q uads forTehama County. Possibly
parishii ( H eller) J eps. Fresno, Kern, Tulare

th reatened by grazing and development. " Pari s h 's gooseberry" Gross u l ariaceae 237C, 2 6 1 B, 285C, 35 5A, 3 76 B
See Rhodora 46: 1 1 5-1 21 ( 1 944) for taxo­ List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Chaparra l , cismontane wood land;
nomic treatm ent. Los Angeles, San Bernard i no* elevation 6 1 0- 1 1 60 meters.
89A*, 1 07 D * , 1 1 0 D Shrub (decidu ous), bl ooms Apri l .
Rhynchospora globularis ( Chap m . ) Riparian wood land; elevation 6 5- 1 00 Field work need ed. See R. menziesii i n The
Small var. globularis meters. Jepson Manual. See Madrano 4(8):287
Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­ ( 1 938) for original descri ption.
"rou nd- headed beaked-rush" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 April.

Sonoma; and el sewhere Possi bly extinct; last docu mented in 1 980 Ribes menziesii var. senile
from two plants at Whittier Narrows Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
502A, 502D
Nature Center. Known from fewer than menziesii; a co mmon taxon
Marshes and swamps ( freshwate r);
five historical occurrences; these extirpat­
el evation 45-60 meters.
ed by u rban izatio n . Field su rveys needed .
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms See Rhodora 87:259-260 ( 1 9 85) for taxo­
Ribes roezlii Regel var. amictum
J u ly-August. nomic treatm ent. (Greene) Jeps.
Seriously threatened by marsh habitat loss. " h oary gooseberry" Grossu lariaceae
Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Rhynchospora glomerata var. Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Sh asta,
Tri n i ty
capitellata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R. Ribes hudsonianum Richards. var. Broadleaved u p land forest, cismontane
capitellata; a common taxon wood land, lower montane co niferous
petiolare ( Dougl . ) J ancz. forest, upper montane coniferous forest;
"western black c u rrant" Grossu lariaceae el evation 1 2 0-2300 meters.
Rhynchospora glomerata var. List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-Apri l .
mm or Lassen , Modoc, Siskiyou; I daho, Orego n , See Pittonia 1 : 6 9 ( 1 887) for original
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R. Wash i ngto n , and el sewhere descri pti o n , and Manual ofthe Flowering
capitellata; a common taxon 673A, 673B, 6 9 1 A, 732B Plants o{California 2 : 1 54 ( 1 9 3 6 ) by W.L.
Riparian scrub; el evation 1 500-2 230 Jepson for revised nome nclature.
Ribes amarum McClat. var. meters.
hoffmannii M u nz Shru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u l y. Ribes sericeum Eastw.
" bitter gooseberry" Gross u l ariaceae Known in California from fewer than five "Santa Lu cia gooseberry" Grossul ariaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3 occurrences. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Barbara Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
1 42B, 1 69 D Ribes laxiflorum Pursh Broadl eaved u pland forest, coastal bl uff
Chaparral; elevation 1 50- 1 1 9 0 meters. "trai l i ng b l a c k c u rrant" Grossulariaceae scrub, North Coast con i ferous forest;
elevation 305- 1 2 20 meters.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms March-Apri l . List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon , Wash i ng­ Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
ton, and el sewhere Apri l .
endangerment i nformation needed . See
R. amarum in TheJepson Manual. North Coast coniferous forest; el evation Known o n ly from t h e Santa Lucia Mtns.
5-300 meters.
Ribes californicum var. hesperium Shrub (decid uous), blooms March-May.
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 263

Ribes thacherianum Q e ps.) M u nz Robinia neomexicana Gray Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than fif­
teen occurrences. Can d i d ate for state
"Santa Cruz I s l and gooseberry" " N ew Mexico locust" Fabaceae l isting i n Orego n , and state-l isted as
Grossul ariaceae List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Threatened in Was h i ngton. Threatened
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, Nevada, New by grazi ng, although some occurrences
Santa Cruz Island Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas, Utah, fenced to exclude cattle. See Sida 4:
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC and elsewhere 294-296 ( 1 972) for taxonomic treatment.

Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­ 200B, 200C

tane woodland, riparian woodland ; Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (sandy); Rorippa gambelii (Wats. ) Rol l . &
elevation 1 0-455 meters. elevation 1 50 0- 1 770 meters. Al-Sheh baz
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms Shrub (dec i d u o us), blooms M ay-J u ly. "Gambel's water cress" Brassicaceae
February-J u ne. Known in California only from Mid H i l ls. List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
B l ooms i nterm ittently throughout most See Memoirs ofthe American Academy ofArts
State Threatened/Federal
of year. Possibly threatened by feral her­ and Sciences 2 ( 5 ) : 3 1 4 ( 1 854) for original Endangered
bivores. descri ption, and Castanea 49 : 1 94-1 9 5
Los Angeles*, Orange* , Santa Barbara,
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
San Bernard i n o * , San Diego ? * , San Lu is
Ribes tularense (Cov. ) Fedde Obispo; Baja California
Romanzoffia tracyi Jeps.
"Seq u o i a gooseberry" Gross u lariaceae 33C? * , 3 3 D ? * , 72A* , 1 07 D * , 1 1 1 D *,
List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3 "Tracy's rom anzoffia" Hydrophyllaceae 1 95C*, 1 960, 22 1 0
Tu lare Llst 2 / RED 3-1-1 Marshes and swamps (freshwater o r
D e l Norte ? , H u m bo ldt; Orego n , brackish); elevation 5 - 3 3 0 meters.
3 3 1 B, 3 3 1 D, 3 3 2A, 354D
Wash i ngton Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Lower montane coniferous fo rest, upper
689C, 723B?, 740C? Apri 1-Septem ber.
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 500-2 075 meters. Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub I Nearly extinct in U . S . ; known in California
rocky; elevation 1 5-30 meters. from only four occurrences. Historic San
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May.
Diego County occurrence (33C, 33D) may
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Pere n n ial herb, blooms March- May.
be m isidentified R. nasturtium-aquaticum, as
rences. See North American Flora 2 2 : 2 1 8 Does plant occur in Del Norte County?
most l i kely is Ventura County occurrence
( 1 908) for original descri ptio n . See Flora of California 3 : 2 9 6 ( 1 943) by ( 1 41 D). Seriously threatened by habitat
W. L. J epson for original description. loss, erosion, and Eucalyptus may be alter­
Ribes viburnifolium Gray ing hydrology at Black Lake Cyn . Recovery
Romneya coulteri Harv. plan prepared by USFWS in 1 994. See Pro­
"Santa Catal i n a Island c u rrant" ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Grossulariaceae "Cou lter's mati l ij a poppy" Papaveraceae Sciences 1 1 : 1 47 ( 1 876) for original descrip­
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 tion, and journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 69:
Santa Catal i n a Island, San Diego; Baja Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San 65-71 ( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
California Diego
1 1 D, SCTE, SCTN , SCTW Chaparral, coastal scru b / often in b u rns; Rorippa subumbellata Rol l .
Chaparral , cismontane wood land; elevation 2 0- 1 200 meters.
"Tahoe ye l l ow cress" Brassicaceae
elevation 30-305 meters. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
Shrub ( evergreen ) , blooms Febru ary-Apri l . March-J u ly.
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened b y m i n ing on m a i n l an d . See Th reatened by urban izatio n , Aood con­
Candidate
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts trol, and road widening and mai ntenance.
El Dorado, Nevada*, Placer; Nevada
and Sciences 1 7: 2 0 2 ( 1 88 2 ) for original
description. 5 2 2 B , 523A, 538A* , 538B, 538C, 538D,
Romneya trichocalyx 554C*
Considered but rejected: too common
Lower montane con i ferous forest, mead­
Ribes victoris Greene ows and seeps / decom posed granitic
"Victor's gooseberry" Grossu lariaceae Rorippa columbiae ( Robi nson) beaches; elevation 1 895- 1 900 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 H owel l Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), bl ooms
Mendocino, Mari n , Napa, Solano, " C o l u m b i a yel l ow cress" Brassicaceae May-September.
Sonoma Known in California from fewer than ten
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Broadl eaved u p land forest, ch aparral; H u mboldt, Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; extant occu rrences aro u n d Lake Tahoe;
elevation 1 00-7SO meters. Oregon, Wash i ngton over one-half of historical occurrences
S h ru b ( d eciduous), blooms March-Apri l . extirpated. Threatened by developm ent,
642D, 696C, 697A, 704D, 71 4B, 728A,
recreati o n , tram pli ng, and i n u ndation;
728C, 728D, 730D, 732D
recovery work u nderway. State- listed as
Ribes viscosissimum var. hallii Mead ows and seeps, pi nyon and j u n i per Critically Endangered i n Nevada. See Con­
Considered b u t rejected: too co m mon wood land, playas / mesic; el evation tributions from the Dudley Herbarium 3 : 1 77
1 200- 1 800 meters. ( 1 941 ) for origi nal descri ption.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-September.
2 64 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Rosa minutifolia Enge l m . Rubus pedatus Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
freshwater); elevation 0-6 1 0 meters.
" s m a l l - leaved rose" Rosaceae Considered but rejected : not in Cal i for­
nia; name misapplied to R. /asiococcus; a Perennial herb (rhizomatous, emergent),
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
co mmon taxon blooms M ay-October.
State Endangered
Exti rpated from southern Cal i fo rnia, and
San Diego; Baja California mostly extirpated fro m the Central Val l ey.
Rumex venosus Pursh
110 Need q u ad s for Fresno and Kern coun­
"winged dock" Polygonaceae ties. Threatened by grazing, development,
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 and channel alteration.
1 50- 1 60 meters.
Lassen; Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Shrub (deci d uous), blooms
Washi ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
Jan uary-J u ne. Salicornia bigelovii
5 8 6A, 5 8 6 D, 602A, 602C, 603A, 620C, Considered but rejected : too common
Known i n California from o n ly one occur­
6 2 1 A, 6 2 2 D
rence on Otay Mesa. Seriously threatened
by development and vehicles; o n ly Cal i ­ Great Basin scrub (sandy); elevation
1 200-1 800 meters.
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
fo rn ia occu rrence transplanted for miti­
gation i n 1 997. See Madrano 3 3 ( 2 ) : 1 50 Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne. "gray wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
( 1 986) for fi rst California record. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Known i n California only from Honey
Lake Va l l ey. Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyo u ; Arizo na, Neva­
da, New Mexico, Orego n , and el sewhere
Rosa pinetorum Hel ler
673B, 730B, 730C
" p i ne rosen Rosaceae Rupertia hallii ( Ryd b. ) Gri m es
Marshes and swamps (stream banks and
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 " H al l ' s rupertia" Fabaceae
lake margi ns), riparian scrub; elevation
Monterey, San M ateo List 18 / RED 3-2-3 1 200-2 230 meters.
3 6 6C, 409 D Butte, Tehama Tree (deciduous), blooms M ay.
Closed-cone coniferous forest; e levation 592B, 608B, 608C, 608D Known in California from fewer than five
2-300 meters.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane occurrences. Need q uads for Modoc
S h ru b, blooms May-J u ly. con iferous forest; elevation 545-2250 Cou nty. See Garden and Forest 8 :463
Possi b l e hybrid of R. spithamea, R. gymno­ meters. ( 1 895) for original descripti o n .
carpa, or others; fu rther study needed. Pere n n i a l herb, bloo m s J u ne-August.
See Muhlenbergia 1 :53 ( 1 904) for original Salix brachycarpa N utt. ssp.
SeeNorth American Flora 24: 1 1 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
descri pti o n .
original descri pti on, and
Memoirs ofthe brachycarpa
New York Botanical Garden 6 1 : 1 - 1 1 4
"short-fruited wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
Rubus glaucifolius Kel l . var. ( 1 9 90) for taxonomic treatm ent.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
ganderi ( Bailey) M u nz
Mono; I d aho, New Mexico, Oregon,
"Cuyamaca raspberry" Rosaceae Rupertia rigida ( Parish) Grimes Washi ngton, and elsewhere
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 " Parish's rupertia" Fabaceae 434C, 434D, 453B, 454A
San Diego List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Alpine dwarf scrub, meadows and seeps,
20A, 3 3 D Riverside, San Bernard i no, San Diego; subalpine coniferous forest / carbonate;
Baja California elevation 32 00-3500 meters.
Lower montane co niferous forest (gab­
broic); elevation 1 2 00- 1 67 5 meters. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower Shrub (decidu ous), bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
montane coniferous forest; elevation
Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J u ne. On watch list in Orego n .
700-2500 meters.
Known from only two occu rrences on
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
M i d d l e Pk. and North Pk. i n the Cuya­ Salix delnortensis C. Sch neider
maca Mtns. H i storical occurrences need See Systematic Botany 1 4: 233 ( 1 989) for
field surveys. See R. glaucifolius in TheJep­ revised nomenclature. " D e l Norte wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
son Manual. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Sagittaria rigida Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon

Rubus nivalis Dougl. Consid ered but rejected : not native Riparian scrub (serpenti n ite ); elevation
90-500 meters.
"snow dwarf b ra m b l e " Rosaceae
Shrub (dec i d u ous), blooms April-May.
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Sagittaria sanfordii Greene
Del Norte, Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n , and Similar to S. breweri; may hybridize with S.
"Sanford 's arrowhead" Alismataceae
elsewhere lasiolepis. Endangered i n Orego n . Seejour­
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 nal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 1 :96 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
738A, 738C Butte, Del Norte, Fresno, Kern, Merced, original description, and Madrano 44( 2 ) :
North Coast coniferous forest; elevation Orange * , Sacramento, Shasta, San 1 1 5- 1 36 ( 1 997) for taxonomic treatment.
1 08 5-1 350 meters. Joaq u i n , Tehama, Ventura*

Pere n n ial vine ( evergreen), blooms 7 1 B*, 1 41 A* , 378C, 3 7 9 D, 3 8 1 D, 402 B ,

Salix nivalis Hook.
J u ne-August. 402C, 403D, 42 1 C, 423D, 462 D, 478C,
495B, 496A, 496B, 496D, 5 1 2A, 5 1 2C, "snow wil low" Salicaceae
5 1 2 D, 560C, 575B, 593B, 628A, 628D, List 2 I RED 3-1-1
740C Mono; a n d e lsewhere
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 265

434D, 453B, 453C, 454A, 471 D Move t o List 2 ? California plants may b e 5 50B, 553A, 569D, 583C, 583B, 584A,
intermed iate t o var. dorrii. See Brittonia 653A, 6 7 1 A?, 671 D, 722A, 739A, 739B,
Alpine dwarf scrub; elevation 3 1 00-3 5 0 0
34( 2 ) : 1 5 1 - 1 69 ( 1 9 8 2 ) for taxonomic 739C, 740A
meters.
treatment and 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 70 ( 1 983) for Bogs and fens, broadl eaved upland for­
S h rub ( d eciduous), blooms J u ly-August.
revised nomenclature. est, meadows and seeps, marshes and
A synonym of S. reticulata ssp. nivalis in The
swamps, North Coast coniferous forest,
Jepson Manual. See Madrofio 44( 2 ) : 1 1 5-1 3 6 riparian scru b / often serpentin ite;
( 1 997) for revised nomenclature.
Salvia eremostachya Jeps.
elevation 60- 1 400 meters.
"d esert sage" Lamiaceae
Pere n n ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Salix parksiana List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
J u l y-October.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of S. Riverside, S a n Diego; Baja California
Cal ifornia plants may be ssp. microcephala.
sessilifolia; a common taxon Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky or gravel ly);
elevation 700- 1 400 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms March-May.
Sanicula hoffmannii ( M u nz) C . R.
Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia Bel l
Considered but rejected : too com mon
" H offm an n 's sanicle" Apiaceae
Salvia funerea jones
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Salix reticulata ssp. nivalis " Death Valley sage" Lamiaceae
Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz,
See Salix nivalis List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2 Santa Cruz Island, San Lu is Obispo, San
I nyo; Nevada Mateo, Santa Rosa Island
Salix tracyi Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate); Broad l eaved u pland forest, chaparral ,
Considered but rejected : a synonym of S. elevation 0-360 meters. coastal scrub / often serpentinite or clay;
lasiolepis; a common taxon Shrub ( evergreen), blooms March-May. elevation 30-300 meters.

On watch l ist i n Nevada. Perennial herb, blooms March-M ay.

Salvia brandegeei M u nz
" Brand egee's sage" Lam i aceae Salvia greatae Bdg. Sanicula maritima Wats.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 "Orocopia sage" Lamiaceae "adobe sanicle" Apiaceae
Santa Rosa Island; Baj a Cal i forn i a List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
SROE, SRON I m peri a l , Riverside, San Bernard i n o ? State Rare
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparra l , 44B, 45A, 6 1 A, 6 1 B, 62C, 63C, 63D, Alameda*, Monterey, San Francisco*,
coastal scru b; elevatio n 5-200 meters. 1 5 1 0? San Lu is Obispo

S h ru b ( evergreen), blooms Apri l-May. Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert 246C, 247D, 272A, 296B, 3440, 466C*,
scru b; elevation 40-825 meters. 466D*
Fairly widespread on Santa Rosa Islan d .
Possibly threatened b y feral herbivores. Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l . Chaparral , coastal prarie, mead ows and
" See Madrofio 31 : 2 52-254 ( 1 984) for seeps, valley and footh i l l grassland I cl ay,
San Bernard i n o Cou nty report is question­
i n fo rmation on heterostyly. serpe ntin ite; elevation 30-240 meters.
able. See Zoe 5 : 229 ( 1 906) for origi nal
description, and Phytologia 7 1 ( 3 ) : 1 67-1 70 Pere n n ial herb, blooms February-May.
Salvia clevelandii ( 1 991 ) for nomenclatural correction . Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Considered b u t rejected: too common Threatened by urbanizat i o n . See Botany
Salvia munzii Epl. of California 2 : 45 1 ( 1 880) for origi nal
descri pt i o n , and University ofCalifornia
Salvia columbariae var. ziegleri " M u nz's sage" Lamiaceae Publications in Botany 2 5 : 6 1 - 62 ( 1 9 5 1 )
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym ofS. List 2 I RED 2-2-1 for taxo n o m i c treatment.
columbariae; a common taxon San Diego; Baja California
1 0 B, 1 0C, 1 0 D Sanicula peckiana Macbr.
Salvia dorrii var. camosa Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation " Peck's sanicle" Apiaceae
See Salvia dorrii var. incana 1 20-1 065 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms February-Apri l . D e l Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon
Salvia dorrii ( Kellogg) Abrams var. Threatened b y development. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
in can a ( Ben th . ) Strachan forest / often serpent i n ite; elevation
"fleshy sage" Lamiaceae Salvia vaseyi 1 5 0-800 meters.
List 3 / RED ?-?-1 Considered but rejected: too co mmon Perennial herb, blooms March-J u n e .
Modoc, Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n , On watch l i st in Oregon . See Contributions
Washington from the Gray Herbarium 5 9 : 2 8 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
Sanguisorba officinalis L.
690B, 730D, 734A original descripti on, and University of Cali­
"great burner" Rosaceae fornia Publications in Botany 25: 64-65
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and j u n i per
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 ( 1 9 5 1 ) for taxonomic treatm ent.
woodland; elevation 300- 1 2 9 5 meters.
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­
S h rub ( evergreen ) , blooms M ay-J u ly.
gon, Washi ngton , and e lsewhere
266 C N P S I N V E N TORY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Sanicula saxatilis Greene Threatened by residential development, Known in California from only one occur­
agriculture, and recreational activities. rence along the Smith River. See Bulletin of
" r o c k sanicle" Apiaceae the Torrey Botanical Club 2 3 : 3 6 8 ( 1 89 6 ) for
See Zoe 5 : 1 9 5 ( 1 905) for original descrip­
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 tion, and Crossosoma 1 2( 1 ) : 1 2 ( 1 986) for original descri ption.
State Rare taxonomic treatment.
Contra Costa, Santa Clara Saxifraga rufidula (Small ) Maco u n
406A, 426C, 426D, 464B, 464C Saussurea americana D.C. Eat. "rusty saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
Broadl eaved u pland forest, chaparral, "American saw-wort" Asteraceae List 2 / RED 3-1-1
valley and footh i l l grassland / rocky; List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Siskiyou; Orego n , Wash i ngto n , and
elevati on 620- 1 1 75 meters.
Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n , Wash i ngto n, e l sewhere
Pere n n i al herb, blooms April-M ay. and elsewhere 702B
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ 735B, 736A Upper montane con i ferous forest ( mesic,
rences. Threatened by development. See
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ rocky); elevation 1 860-2000 meters.
Erythea 1 : 6 ( 1 893) for original descrip­ ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
1 73 5- 1 9 50 meters. March-J u ly.
in Botany 2 5 : 7 1 -72 ( 1 951 ) for taxonomic
treatment. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August. Known in California from o n ly one
See Botanical Gazette 6:283 ( 1 88 1 ) for occurrence i n the Marble Mtns. See
original descri pti o n . North American Flora 22: 1 40 ( 1 905) fo r
Sanicula tracyi Shan & Const. original descri pti o n .
"Tracy's sanicle" Apiaceae
Saxifraga cespitosa L.
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3 Scheuchzeria palustris L. var.
H u m boldt, Tri n i ty "tufted saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
americana ( Fern .) H u lten
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Modoc, Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­ "American scheuchzeria" Scheuchzeriaceae
con i ferous forest, u pper montane con i f­
erous forest / openi ngs; elevation gon, Washi ngton, and elsewhere List 2 / RED 3-3-1
1 00-1 585 meters. 690B, 71 9C Pl umas, Sierra*; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton , and elsewhere
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. Meadows and seeps ( mesic, rocky);
el evation 9 1 5-1 980 meters. 606B * , 6 2 5A, 625B
Occurrences from Butte, Del Norte,
Tehama, and Yuba counties are not this Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-September. Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
taxon ; needs fu rther study. Threatened by ( lake margins); elevati on 1 3 70-2000
grazing, logging, and development. See meters.
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
Saxifraga fragarioides
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous, em ergent),
2 5 : 6 9 ( 1 95 1 ) for original descri pti o n . Considered but rejected: a synonym o f
blooms J u ly.
Saxifragopsis fragarioides, a common taxon
Red iscovered in 1 988 by V. Oswald at Wil­
Sanvitalia abertii Gray low Lake. Need historical quads for Sierra
Saxifraga howellii Greene County. Threatened by logging. Threat­
"Abert's sanvita l i a " Asteraceae
" H owel l 's saxifrage" Saxifragaceae ened in Idaho, and endangered in Orego n .
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 See Fremontia 2 0 (4 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 992) for
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Sonora ( M exi­ information on red iscovery i n Cal iforn ia.
co), Texas Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon

224C, 249D Cismontane wood land (sometimes ser­

penti nite); elevation 75-900 meters. Schizymenium shevockii Shaw
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (carbon­
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Bryaceae
ate); elevation 1 5 70- 1 800 meters.
March-May. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
Fresno
Known in California only from the Clark
and New Yo rk mou ntains. Threate ned by
Saxifraga integrifolia var. 357C, 376B, 377A

m i n i ng. integrifolia Cismontane woodland ( metamorph ic,

Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of S. rock, mesic); el evation 750- 1 400 meters.

Satureja chandleri ( Bdg. ) Druce integrifolia; a common taxon Moss.

Known from only th ree occurrences.
"San M iguel savory" La m i aceae
Saxifraga nuttallii Small Occurs on rocks along roads, in same
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
habitat as Mielichhoferia elongata. Threat­
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­ " N uttal l ' s saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
ened by road wide n i ng. See Systematic
forn ia List 2 / RED 3-3-1 Botany 2 5 ( 2 ) : 1 90 (2000) for original
l OA, 1 0 B, 2 1 B, 2 1 D, 50B, 5 1 A, 67B, Del Norte; Oregon, Washi ngton descri ption .
68C, 69B, 69C, 69D, 70D 740D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, coastal North Coast con i ferous forest ( m esic,
scrub, riparian woodland, valley and foot­ rocky); el evation 40-75 meters.
h i l l grassland / rocky, gabbroic or m etav­ Pere n n i a l h e rb ( rh izomato us),
olcanic; elevation 1 20- 1 075 meters.
b l ooms May.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 267

Schkuhria multiflora H . & A var. Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes Possibly threatened by horticu ltural col­
and swamps ( assorted freshwater); lecting. See Botany ofthe King Exploration,
multiflora
elevation 800- 1 000 meters. p. 1 1 7 ( 1 8 7 1 ) for origi nal descri ption,
" m any-flowered sch k u h ri a " Asteraceae and Bradleya 5 : 9 4 ( 1 984) for revised
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 J u n e-August. nomen clature.
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja Cal iforn ia,
Known in California only from near
New Mexico, Texas, and el sewhere Sclerocactus polyancistrus
Yreka. End angered i n O rego n .
200A, 2 2 5 D, 249D ( Enge l m . & Bigel.) Britt. & Rose
.
Pin yon and j u n i per wood land (sandy); Scirpus pumilus Vah l . " M oj ave fi sh-hook cactus" Cactaceae
e l evation 1 500- 1 700 meters.
"dwarf b u l ru s h " Cyperaceae List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Annual herb, blooms September­
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 I nyo, Kern, San Bernard ino; Nevada
October.
Mono; and elsewhere G reat Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
land'', Mojavean desert scru b / usually
3 2 ( 3 ) : 2 74-276 ( 1 945) for taxonomic 43 1 C, 434D
carbonate; el evation 640-2320 meters.
treatment. Al p i n e dwarf scrub? ( mesic, carbonate);
S h ru b (stem succulent), blooms
elevation 2875-3250 meters.
April-J u ly.
Schoenolirion bracteosum Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Threatened by horticultural collectin g and
Considered but rejected : a synonym of August.
herbivory by insects. Does not usually s u r­
Hastingsia bradeosa; not in Cal iforn ia Known i n California only from Convict vive transplanting. See Proceedings ofthe
Creek and Cottonwood Creek drai nages. American Academy ofArts and Sciences 3 : 272
See Madrofio 1 7(4):93- 1 09 ( 1 963) for ( 1 856) for original description, Cactus and
Schoenus nigricans L. first Cal ifornia report and 41 ( 2 ) : 1 48- 1 49 Succulentjournal 5 1 :228-232 ( 1 979) for
" b lack sedge" Cyperaceae ( 1 994) for second Cal iforn ia report. ecological information, and Fremontia
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 1 0( 4 ) : 23-24 ( 1 983) for species acco u nt.
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada, Texas, Scirpus rollandii
and elsewhere
S e e Scirpus pumilus Scleropogon brevifolius Ph i l .
1 07A, 1 33C, 1 34D, 324A, 346D, 389C,
389D " bu rro grass" Poaceae
Scirpus subterminalis Torr. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Marshes and swamps (often alkaline);
elevati on 1 5 0-2000 meters. "water b u lrush" Cyperaceae S a n Bernard i n o; Arizona, Nevada, a n d
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 elsewhere
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September. Butte, Del Norte, El Dorado, H u mboldt, 200A
Plumas, Shasta, Tehama; Idaho, Orego n , Mojavean desert scrub (decomposed
See Madrano 43( 4):530 ( 1 9 9 6 ) for i n for­
Washi ngto n , a n d e lsewhere gran itic); e levation 1 5 85- 1 600 meters.
mation on Cal ifornia d i stri bution.
522C, 523D, 572B, 589C, 5 9 0 D, 607C, Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
624B, 625A, 625B, 625C, 682C, 704C, October.
Scirpus clementis 73 8 B
Known in California o n l y from one occur­
Considered but rejected: too common
Bogs a n d fens, marshes and swamps rence near Caruthers Cyn. i n the New
( m ontane lake margi ns); el evation York Mtns.
Scirpus heterochaetus Chase 750-2250 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
" s l e n d er bu l ru s h " Cyperaceae Scopelophila cataractae ( M itt. )
J u ly-August.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Brot h .
Tehama; Idaho, Orego n , a n d el sewhere Sensitive in I d aho, and endangered i n
Orego n . See Leaflets of Western Botany Pottiaceae
625( List 2 / RED 3-2-1
1 0 : 1 6 ( 1 966) for first California record .
Lower montane con iferous forest, marsh­ Calaveras; Arizona, and el sewhere
es and swamps ( l ake margi ns); el evation
1 600- 1 600 meters.
Sclerocactus johnsonii ( Parry) N . P. 459B

Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms

Taylor Cismontane woodland ( metamorphic,
so i l ) ; elevati o n 400 meters.
August. "bee-h ive cactus" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Moss.
Known in California o n ly from Wilson
Lake. On watch l i st in Orego n . See Rhodo­ I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah; and Known i n Cal i fornia from only one occur­
ra 6:70 ( 1 904) for original description, elsewhere rence near Copperopol is. Small genus of
and Madrano 40( 3 ) : 1 79 ( 1 99 3 ) for first two species, usually associated with h ighly
275B, 275D
Cal ifornia record . m i neral ized soils. Wide d istri bution of
Mojavean desert scrub (gran itic); very small, isolated occu rrences. See).
elevati on 500- 1 200 meters. Linn. Soc. Bot.1 2 : 1 3 5 ( 1 869) for original
Scirpus pendulus M u h l . S h ru b (stem succu l e n t) , blooms descri ption, and Nat. Pf/. 1 ( 3 ) :436 ( 1 902)
"pe n d u lo u s b u l ru s h " Cyperaceae Apri l - M ay. for revised nomenclature.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Siskiyou; Orego n , and elsewhere Scopulophila rixfordii
7 1 7B, 733A Considered but rejected: too co m mon
268 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Scrophularia atrata Pen n . Peren n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Known from fewer than five occurrences.
J u n e-September. Extremely vu l n erable to tram p l i ng; also
" b l ack-flowered figwort" Scro p h u lariaceae
threatened by grazi ng, altered hydrol ogy,
Is Siskiyou County occurrence a misiden­
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 and development. State and fed erally list­
tificatio n ? Occurrences from the Delta in
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo San Joaq u i n County need fu rther study. ed as Parvisedum leiocarpum; see this name
1 70B, 1 70C, 1 70D, 1 7 1 A, 1 9 SC, 1 96A, in TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio 5( 6 ) :
1 9 6B, 1 96 D, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B 1 9 2 ( 1 940) for original descri pti o n , a n d
Scutellaria holmgreniorum Cronq. Haseltonia S : 5 3-60 ( 1 997) for taxonomic
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
" H o l mgre n's sku l lcap" Lamiaceae i nformation.
coastal du nes, coastal scrub, riparian
scrub; elevation 1 0-500 meters. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. Lassen , Modoc; Nevada Sedum albomarginatum Clausen
Plants from south of Pt. Conception Great Basin scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per "Feather River stonecrop" Crassulaceae
( 1 43A, 1 43 B , 1 44A, 1 44B) are probably woodland / volcanic, cl ay; elevation List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
hybrids with 5. californica ssp. floribunda. 1 3 1 0- 1 73 5 meters.
Butte, Plu mas
Threatened by energy development and Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
5 9 1 C, 606B, 606C, 607C
m i n i ng. May-J u ly.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
A synonym of 5. nana in TheJepson Manual,
forest / serpentinite; elevation 260- 1 78 5
Scrophularia villosa Pen n . but now considered d i stinct. 5. holmgrenio­
meters.
rum has relatively elongate stems (5. nana
"Santa Catalina figwort" Scro p h u lariaceae Perennial herb, blooms May-J u n e .
is shorter and more compact), elongate
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 i n florescences (5. nana has a very short, Known fro m fewer t h a n twenty occur­
San Clemente Island, Santa Cata l i n a com pact i n florescence), and may or may rences. Threatened by horticultural col­
Island not have some hairs gland-tipped (5. nana lecting, road constructio n , and m i n i ng.
SCMC, SCMS, SCTE, SCTN, SCTW never has gland-ti pped h a i rs). On watch See Sedum ofNorth America North ofthe
l ist in Nevada. See Brittonia 3 3 ( 3 ) :449- Mexican Plateau, p. 424-433 ( 1 975) by
Ch aparral, coastal scrub; elevation
450 ( 1 981 ) for original descri ption. R.T. Clausen for original description.
45-5 1 0 meters.
Shru b, blooms April-August.
Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sedum divergens Wats.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clem ente Island and vegetation recover­ " b l u e s k u l lcap" Lam i aceae "Cascade stonecrop" Crassulaceae
i ng; sti l l a threat on Santa Catalina Island . List 2 / RED 3-2-1 List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo, San Joaq u i n ; New Mexico, Orego n , H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Orego n , Wash i ng­
and elsewhere ton, and elsewhere
Scutellaria bolanderi Gray ssp.
austromontana Epl. 4800 686C, 738D
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes Al pi n e boulder and rock fi e l d ; elevation
"southern sku l lcap" Lam iaceae
and swamps; elevation 0-500 meters. 1 600-2000 meters.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Los Angeles( * ? ), Riverside, San Bernar­
J u ly-September. Known in Cal i forn i a from o n l y three col­
d i no * , San Di ego
Known i n California from only two occur­ l ections; i s it m o re co m m o n ? See Pro­
9A, 20A, 20C, 20D, 33B, 33C, 49C, 49D,
rences. Need q u ad for occurrence in ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
66B, 67A, 69D, 1 1 O D ( * ? ) , 1 5 8D*
Sal i n e Val ley ( I nyo County). and Sciences 1 7: 3 7 2 ( 1 88 2 ) for origi n a l
Ch aparral, cismontane wood land, lower descri pti o n .
montane con i ferous forest / mesic;
elevation 600-2000 meters. Sedella leiocarpa H . K. Sharsm.
" Lake Cou nty stonecrop" Crassulaceae
Sedum eastwoodiae ( Britt.) Berger
Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 " Red M o u n ta i n stonecrop" Crassulaceae

See Madroiio 5 ( 2 ) : 5 8 ( 1 939) for original State Endangered/Federal List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
descri ption. Endangered Federal Candidate
Lake Mendocino
Scutellaria galericulata L. 533B, 533C, 533D 600B

" m arsh sku l lcap" Lam iaceae Cismontane woodland, valley and Lower montane con i ferous forest (ser­
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 footh i l l grassland, vernal pools / vernally penti n ite); elevation 600- 1 200 meters.
mesic depressions in volcanic outcrops; Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Nevada,
elevation 365-790 meters.
Placer, P l u m as, Shasta, San Joaq u i n , Sis­ Known from o n ly three occu rrences on
kiyo u ? ; Orego n , and el sewhere Annual herb, blooms April-May. Red Mtn. Protected at Red Mtn . ACEC
463A, 480D, 523A, 538C, 554C, 588D, ( BLM ) . See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical
604A, 624C, 677A, 678C, 678D, 7 1 4B, Garden 3 : 3 1 ( 1 903) for original descrip­
726B, 727B tion, and Sedum ofNorth America North of

Lower montane co n i ferous forest, mead­

the Mexican Plateau, p. 398-403 ( 1 975) by
R.T. Clausen for taxonomic treatment.
ows and seeps ( mesic), marshes and
swamps; elevation 0-2 1 00 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 269

Sedum laxum ssp. eastwoodiae Upper montane coniferous forest Selaginella asprella Maxon
(rocky); el evation 400-2000 meters.
See Sedum eastwoodiae " b l u ish spike-moss" Selagi n e l laceae
Pere n nial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Sedum laxum ( Britt.) Berger ssp. Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than five Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Rive rsi d e ,
occurrences. Threatened by loggi ng and S a n Bernard i no, San Diego, Tu lare; Baja
flavidum Denton horticultural collecting. Protected at Califo rn i a
" pa l e ye l low stonecrop" Crassulaceae Botanical Special Interest Areas ( USFS)
Cismontane wood l a n d , lower montane
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 on the Siskiyou Crest. Can d i date for state
coniferous forest, pi nyon and j u n i per
Del Norte, G l e n n , H u m boldt, Shasta, Sis­ l isting in Oregon. See Madrano 39(4) : 3 1 0
wood l a n d , subal p i n e coniferous forest,
kiyou, Tehama, Tri n ity ( 1 992) for d i stributional i nformation .
u p per m o ntane con i ferous forest /
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral, gra n i tic, rocky; e l evation 1 600-2700
cismontane wood land, lower montane Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum meters.
coniferous forest, upper montane con i f­ See Sedum paradisum Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile J u ly.
erous forest / serpenti n ite or volcanic;
Previously rejected as too common, but
elevation 455-2000 meters.
Sedum paradisum ( M . Denton) M . probably merely u nthreatened. See Smith­
Perenn ial herb, blooms M ay-J u ly.
Denton sonian Miscellaneous Collections 72( 5 ) : 6
Subspecies are somewhat i n d istinct. See ( 1 9 2 0 ) for original description.
Brittonia 3 0 : 23 3-238 ( 1 978) for original "Canyon Creek stonecrop" Crassu l aceae
descri pti o n . List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Shasta, Tri n ity
Selaginella cinerascens
Considered but rejected : too co m mon
Sedum laxum ( Britt.) Berger ssp. 648A, 667B, 668A

heckneri ( Peck) Clausen Broadl eaved u pland forest, chaparra l ,

lower montane co niferous forest, sub­
Selaginella densa Ryd b. var.
" H eckner's stonecrop" Crassulaceae scopulorum (Maxon ) Tryon
alpine con i ferous forest / granitic, rocky;
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 elevation 300- 1 860 meters. " Rocky M o u ntain spike-moss"
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne . Selagi n e l l aceae
Oregon
Known from o n ly five occurrences. See List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
Brittonia 30 : 2 3 3-238 ( 1 978) for original Del Norte, Siskiyou; Arizona, I d aho, New
montane coniferous forest / serpenti n ite
descri pti o n . Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngto n , and
or ga bbroic; el evation 1 00-2 1 00 meters.
elsewhere
Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-J u ly.
Sedum pinetorum Bdg. North Coast coniferous forest, subal pine
Su bspecies are somewhat i n d istinct. coniferous forest, u pper montane conif­
Endangered i n O rego n . See Proceedings of " P i n e C i t y sed u m " Crassulaceae
erous forest / decom posed granitic,
the Biological Society of Washington 5 0 : 1 2 1 List 3 / RED ?-?-3 rocky; el evation 1 500-2200 meters.
( 1 937) for origi nal descri ption, and Mono Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
Sedum ofNorth America North ofthe Mexi­ 434C? August.
can Plateau, p. 3 9 1 -393 ( 1 9 7 5 ) by R.T.
Clausen for taxo n o m i c treatm ent. Habitat u n known; elevation 2650 Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
meters. endangerment i n fo rmation needed. See
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. American Fernjournal 1 1 :36 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for
Sedum niveum A. Davids. original descri ption, and Annals ofthe Mis­
Move to List 1 B? Known only from the
" Davidson's stonecrop" Crassulaceae souri Botanical Garden 42: 67-69 ( 1 9 5 5 ) for
type col l ection from deserted Pine City
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 revised nomenclature.
above Mammoth. Not in TheJepson
Riverside, San Bernardino; Baja California Manual. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
Lower montane co niferous forest, sub­ tions in Bot.any 6:358 ( 1 9 1 6) for origi nal Selaginella eremophila Maxon
alpine coniferous forest, u pper montane descri ption, and Leaflets ofWestern Bot.any
"d esert s p i ke-moss" Selagi n e l l aceae
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation 6(3 ): 62-63 ( 1 950) for species account.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
2075-3000 meters.
Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, Baja
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Sedum purdyi Cal i forn ia
J u n e-August. Co nsidered but rejected: too co m m o n ; a
7A, 1 9 B, 3 2 B , 32C, 48A, 70A, 83C, 8 3 D
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­ synonym of S. spathulifolium
Sonoran desert scrub (grave l ly or rocky);
my ofSciences 20:53 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for original
elevation 200-900 meters.
descri ption, and Sedum ofNorth America
Sedum radiatum ssp. Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), ferti l e
North of the Mexican Plateau, p. 1 78- 1 79
( 1 975) by R.T. Clausen for taxonomic
depauperatum May-J u ly.
treatment. Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of S.
Known in California from fewer than ten
radiatum; a common taxon occurrences. See Smithsonian Miscellaneous

Sedum oblanceolatum Clausen Collections 7 2 ( 5 ) : 3 ( 1 920) for original

Sedum spathulifolium ss p . purdyi descri ption.
"Applegate stonecrop" Crassulaceae
Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 synonym of S. spathulifolium
Siskiyo u ; Oregon
735B, 736A, 736B
270 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Selaginella leucobryoides Maxon Meadows and seeps ( m esic, sometimes Cismontane wood land (serpentinite
alka l i n e ) , pebble ( pavement) p l a i n , upper seeps); elevation 260-3 8 5 meters.
" M ojave s p i ke-moss" Selagi n e l l aceae
montane co n i ferous forest; elevation Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 1 800-2300 meters.
Known only from the Red H i l l s . Possibly
I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, Nevada
Perenn ial herb, blooms M ay-J u ly. threatened by grazing. A synonym of 5.
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ clevelandii i n TheJepson Manual. Protected
erous forest, Mojavean desert scrub,
rences. Threatened by development, at Red H i l l s ACEC ( B LM ) . See Leaflets of
pi nyon and j u n iper wood land I rocky,
grazing, and vehicles. Western Botany 2: 1 3 2 ( 1 938) for original
usual ly carbonate; el evation 600-3 1 50
descripti o n .
meters.
Pere n n ial herb (rh izomato us), ferti l e J u ne.
Senecio blochmaniae E. Greene
" Bloch man's ragwort" Asteraceae
Senecio eurycephalus Gray var.
See Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 lewisrosei (J .T. Howe l l ) T. M . Barkley
72( S ) : 8 ( 1 9 2 0 ) for original descri pti o n .
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo "cut-leaved ragwo rt" Asteraceae

Coastal d u nes; el evation 0- 1 00 meters. List 1 B I RED 2-2-3

Selinocarpus nevadensis (Stand l . )
Butte, Plu mas
Fowler & Turner Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
5 75B, 5 9 1 C, 592A, 5 9 2 D, 606B, 606C,
" d esert wing-fruit" Nyctagi naceae Threatened by non-native plants, devel­
607D
opment, and vehicles. See Erythea 1 : 7
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
( 1 893) for origi nal descri pti o n . Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
I nyo; Arizo na, Nevada, Utah montane co niferous forest / serpentinite;
274D el evation 550- 1 470 meters.
Senecio bolanderi Gray var.
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean desert Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-September.
scru b / rocky; elevation 1 1 60- 1 2 5 0
bolanderi
Threatened by m i ning and road mai nte­
meters. "seacoast ragwort" Asteraceae nance. Taxo n o m i c study needed . See
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-September. List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 6 ) : 1 4 1 - 1 42
Known i n Cal iforn ia from only one occur­ Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­ ( 1 942) for original descri pti o n .
rence in the Kingston Range. See Madrano gon , Wash i ngton
3 0 ( 2 ) : 1 29 ( 1 983) for this record . 5 6 9 D, 739C, 740D Senecio foetidus
Coastal scrub, North Coast con iferous See Senecio hydrophiloides
Senecio aphanactis Greene forest; elevation 30-650 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Senecio ganderi Bark I . &
"rayless ragwort" Asteraceae
J u ne-J u ly.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Beauchamp
Need q uads for H u m boldt Co u nty. See
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Los "Gander's ragwort" Asteraceae
Angeles, Merced, Orange, Riverside,
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 7:362 ( 1 868) for original List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa
descripti o n . State Rare
Cata l i n a Island , Santa Cruz Island, San
Di ego, San Lu is Obispo, Solano, Santa Riverside, San Diego
Rosa Island, Ventu ra; Baja California Senecio clarkianus 9B, 9C, 20A, 2 1 A, 2 1 D, 34A, 50A
1 0 B, 86B?, 1 09D, 1 1 3 B, 1 1 4A, 1 6 9D, Co nsidered but rejected: too common Ch aparral ( b u rns, gabbroic outcrops);
246C, 268C, 383A, 427D, 445A, 463D, el evation 400-1 200 meters.
464A, 464B , 483D, SCZA, SCZB, SRON
Senecio clevelandii Green e var. Perenn ial herb, blooms April-M ay.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
clevelandii Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
scru b / alkaline; elevation 1 5-800 meters.
rences. See Brittonia 2 6 : 1 06- 1 08 ( 1 974)
"Cleveland's ragwort" Asteraceae
Annual herb, blooms J a n uary-Apri l . for original descri pti o n .
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Rare i n Los Angeles, Orange, a n d River­
Col usa, Lake, Napa, Tri n ity, Yo lo
side co u nties. Need q u ads for Riverside
Chaparral (serpentinite seeps); el evation
Senecio hydrophiloides Ryd b.
County and Santa Catal i n a Island. Not
seen on Santa Cruz Island between 1 934 3 6 5-900 meters. "sweet marsh ragwort" Asteraceae
and 1 99 1 . See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 0 ( 1 888) for Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
See 5. clevelandii i n TheJepson Manual. See
original description, and North American Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou; Neva­
Flora 1 1
1 0 : 5 0- 1 3 9 ( 1 978) for taxonomic da, Oregon , and e lsewhere
treatment.
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 0 :87
( 1 883) for origi nal descripti o n . Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
Senecio bernardinus Green e Senecio clevelandii Green e var. 490-2800 meters.

"San Bernard i n o ragwort" Asteraceae Perennial herb, blooms May-August.

heterophyllus Hoov.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Does plant occur in Butte Cou nty?
" Red H i l l s ragwort" Asteraceae
San Bernard i n o Threatened by grazi ng and hydrological
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 alterations. I ncl udes S. foetidus.
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Tuo l u m n e
458C
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 271

Senecio indecorus Greene Senecio pattersonensis H oov. San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
Island * , Santa Cruz Island*
"rayless m o u ntain ragwort" Asteraceae " M o n o ragwort" Asteraceae
SCMS, SCTN * , SCTS, SCZB*, SCZC*
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2
Coastal scrub ( rocky, volcanic); elevati on
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­ Mono, Nevada
60-305 meters.
i ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere 43 1 B , 488A, 488C, 489 D
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
641 A, 641 B, 726B Alpine boulder and rock fi eld ; elevati on
Red iscovered i n 1 9 86 b y M . Beauchamp
Meadows and seeps ( m esic); e levation 2900-3720 meters.
and A. Kelly; only one known extant
1 600-2000 meters. Pere n nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms occurrence, with fewer than 40 i n d ivi d u ­
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-August. J u ly-August. als as of 1 996. Last seen on Santa Cruz
Threatened by grazing. See Leaflets of Western Botany 5( 4 ) : 6 0 Island in 1 93 2 . Last seen on Santa Catal i­
( 1 947) fo r origi nal descri ption, and na Island i n 1 973; recent su rveys u nsuc­
Madrano 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65 ( 1 9 8 8 ) for Cal i for­ cessfu l . Feral herbivores removed from
Senecio ionophyllus Green e nia occu rrence i nformation . San Clemente Island, and vegetation
"Tehachapi ragwort" Asteraceae recovering. See Madrano 45(4):328
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 ( 1 998) for distri butional i nformation.
Senecio streptanthifolius
Kern , Los Angeles, San Bernard i n o
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper Sibara rosulata
montane coniferous forest / granitic, Considered but rejected: too common
rocky; elevation 1 S00-2700 meters.
Senna covesii (Gray) H. I rwin &
Barne by
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. Sibaropsis hammittii S. Boyd & T.S.
"Coves's cassia" Fabaceae
Ross
Senecio layneae Greene List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San " H a m m itt's cl ay-cress" Brassicaceae
" Layne's ragwort" Asteraceae Diego; Arizona, Baja Cal i forn ia, Nevada List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Riverside, San Di ego
1 9A, 1 9 B, 31 B, 3 2 B , 32C, 47 A,61 B,
State Rare/Federal Threatened 61 C, 6 2 B, 64C, 65C, 1 2 1 D 20C, 69D
El Dorado, Tuo l u m ne, Yuba Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation Chaparral (openi ngs), valley and footh i l l
458C, 5 1 0A, 5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 526A, 5 2 6 D, 500- 1 070 meters. grassland / clay; elevation 730- 1 065
5 2 7D, 5 5 9A Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne. meters.
Chaparral, cismo ntane wood land / ser­ Need q u ads fo r I m perial Cou nty and Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
penti n ite or gabbroic, rocky; el evation occurrence near "Tu rtle Mtns. "(San Threatened by non-native plants, and
200-1 000 meters. Bernard i n o Cou nty). Threatened by potentially threatened by vehicles and
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. ve h icles. tra m p l i ng. Not i n TheJepson Manual. See
Threatened by u rbanization, grazi ng, road Madrano 44( 1 ) : 3 0 ( 1 997) for original
construction, vehicles, and fire su ppres­ descri pti o n .
Sequoiadendron giganteum
sion. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Consi dered but rejected: too common
1 0 :87 ( 1 883) for original descri ption. Sidalcea calycosa j ones ssp.
Shepherdia argentea rhizomata (Jeps. ) M u nz
Senecio ligulifolius "Point Reyes checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
See Senecio macounii
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendoci no, Mari n , Sonoma
Sibara deserti (Jones) Rol l .
Senecio lyonii 467A, 484B, 485B, 485C, 485D, 502C,
Considered but rejected: t o o common " d esert winged rock-cress" Brassicaceae
503A, 520B, 537C, 5 5 2 B , 553A
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Marshes and swamps (freshwater, near
I nyo; Nevada
Senecio macounii Green e coast); el evation 3-75 meters.
Mojavean desert scrub; el evation
"Si skiyou M o u ntai ns ragwort" Asteraceae Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
345- 1 300 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Apri l -September.
An nual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Orego n , See Manual ofthe Flowering Plants of Califor­
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium nia, p. 629 ( 1 9 2 5 ) by W. L. Jepson for
Washi ngton, and elsewhere
1 2 : 1 ( 1 908) for original description and original descri pti o n .
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous for­ 1 65 : 1 40 ( 1 947) for revised nomenclature.
est / sometimes serpentinite, often in d is­
turbed areas; elevation 400-9 1 5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Sibara filifolia (Greene) Greene
See Pittonia 3: 1 6 9 ( 1 8 9 7 ) fo r origi nal "Santa Cruz Island rock cress" Brassicaceae
descri pti o n , and North American Flora List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
111 0 : 9 3-94 ( 1 978) fo r taxonomic Federal Endangered
treatment.
2 72 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Sidalcea covillei Greene Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower 2 8 6 D ? * , 309C, 3 1 0 D * , 377C*

montane coniferous forest; elevation Cismontane wood land, valley and
"Owens Valley ch eckerbloom" M alvaceae 1 000-2500 meters. footh i l l grassland / serpentin ite, clay;
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. el evation 1 20-425 meters.
State Endangered
Threatened by u rban ization, grazing, and Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
I nyo road mai ntenance. Red iscovered in 1 9 92 by J . Stebbins and
3 0 5 B * , 329D, 3 5 1 A* , 3 5 1 B, 3 5 1 C, K. Kirkpatrick near Mine H i l l (Tu lare
3 5 1 D, 372C, 393A, 393D, 41 3A, 41 3B, County); known from only one occur­
41 3C, 41 3 D, 41 4A, 41 4C
Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp.
rence, with 60 i n d ivi d uals present as of
viridis C . L. H itchc.
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps / 1 9 92. Threatened by potential develop­
alkal i ne, mesic; elevation 1 095- 1 4 1 5 " M ari n checkerb l o o m " M a lvaceae ment, and possibly by grazing. Recent
meters. List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3 work suggests Fresno Cou nty record is
Mari n, Napa, San Mateo, Sonoma probably erroneous. See Contributions from
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne .
the Dudley Herbarium 3 : 5 5-56 ( 1 940) for
Threatened by lowering of water table, 409 B, 467B, 485C, 499C, 503B, 503D
origi nal descri pti on.
non-native plants, grazing, and meadow Chaparral (serpentinite); elevati on
succession. See Cybele Columbiana 1 : 3 5 5 0-430 meters.
( 1 9 1 4) for original description, and Fre­ Sidalcea malachroides ( H. & A.)
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u n e .
montia 5( 4):34-3 5 ( 1 978), 6(3 ) : 2 6-2 7 Gray
( 1 978), and 8(4): 1 6 ( 1 98 1 ) for d i scus­ Possibly threatened b y development.
" m a p l e-l eaved checkerb l o o m " M a lvaceae
sion of threats.
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Sidalcea keckii Wiggi ns
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Mon­
Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp. " Keck's checkerbloom" M a lvaceae terey, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sonoma;
anomala C . L. H itchc. List 18 / RED 3-3-3 Oregon*

"Cu esta Pass c h eckerbl o o m " M alvaceae Federal Endangered 344A, 344B, 344D, 366C, 3 8 7 E, 427A,
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 Tu lare, Fresno?* 520B, 537B, 537D, 552C, 553A, 568B,
568D, 585A, 585D, 6 0 1 B , 6 1 8D, 635B,
State Rare
635C, 636A, 636B, 637D, 653B, 653C,
San Luis Obispo 654A, 654D, 671 B, 671 C, 672A, 672C,
246C 672D, 723A, 740C
Closed-cone co niferous forest (serpenti­ Broadleaved u pland forest, coastal
nite ) ; el evation 600-800 meters. prarie, coastal scrub, North Coast conif­
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms May-J u ne . erous forest / often in d i sturbed areas;
elevation 2-700 meters.
Known from only th ree occurrences o n
Cuesta Ridge i n t h e Los Padres N F. Perennial herb, blooms April-August.

Sidalcea hickmanii G reene ssp.

hickmanii
" H ickm a n 's checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey
2 9 5 B , 295C, 296A, 3 1 8C, 3 1 9A, 3 1 9 B ,
3 1 9 D, 320A
Chaparral; elevation 335-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Fremontia 6 ( 2 ) : 8- 1 4 ( 1 978) for d is­
cussion of Marble-Cone fire and effects.

Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp. Sidalcea keckii

parishii ( Rob.) C . L. H itchc.
" Parish's checkerb loom" M alvaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Candidate
Santa Barbara, San Bernard i no, San Lu is
Obispo
J
--·.

1 05 B , 1 05C, 1 0 6D, 1 67B, 1 68A, 1 93A,

1 93 B , 1 93D, 244C
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 273

Endangered in Orego n . See University of Chaparra l , coastal scrub, lower montane Known fro m only three small occu rrences:
Washington Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -96 co n i ferous forest, Mojavean desert scrub, one i n Knights Val ley and two i n Kenwood
( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment. playas / alkal i ne, mesic; elevation Marsh. Threatened by grazing and hydro­
1 5- 1 530 meters. logical alteration, and possibly by compe­

Sidalcea malvaeflora ss p . elegans Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne . tition with native and non-native plants.
See Pittonia 3 : 1 5 7- 1 58 ( 1 897) for original
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 5. N e e d q uads for Santa Barbara County.
description, and University ofWashington
malvaeflora ssp. asprella; a common taxon See University of Washington Publications in
Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 56-58 ( 1 957) for
BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -9 6 ( 1 957) for taxonomic revised nomenclature.
treatment.
Sidalcea malviflora ( DC.) Benth.
ssp. patula C . L. H itchc. Sidalcea pedata Gray
Sidalcea oregana (T. & G . ) Gray ssp.
"Siskiyou checkerb loom" M a lvaceae " b i rd-foot checkerbl o o m " M alvaceae
eximia ( Greene) H itchc.
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"coast checkerb l o o m " Malvaceae
Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon State Endangered/Federal
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
6 3 5 B, 6 53C, 654C, 654D, 6 5 5 D, 671 C, Endangered
Del Norte, H u mboldt
672A, 672C( * ? ), 740B San Bernardino
6 5 2 B , 653A, 654B, 655A, 6 7 1 A, 671 D,
Coastal bluff scru b ? , coastal prarie, North 1 05A* , 1 0 5B, 1 06A* , 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
672A, 686C, 688C, 740B, 740C
Coast con iferous forest; elevation 1 5-700
Mead ows and seeps ( m esic), pebble
meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
(pavement) plain; elevation 1 600-2500
ows and seeps, North Coast coniferous
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms meters.
forest; elevation 5- 1 340 meters.
May-J u ne.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms M ay-August.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known i n California from fewer than ten
Known from approximately ten occur­
occurrences, and three i n Oregon, where Known from approxi mately ten occ u r­
rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
plant is candidate for state l isting. Threat­ rences. l ntergrades with sspp. oregana and
ment, grazing, and vehicles. Protected i n
ened by development, road mai ntenance, spicata. See University ofWashington Publica­
part a t Baldwin Lake E R ( DFG). See Pro­
and non-natives. See University ofWashing­ tions in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 - 96 ( 1 957) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
ton Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -96 ( 1 9 57) Sciences 22 :288 ( 1 887) for origi nal descrip­
for original descriptio n .
tion, and Fremontia 1 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2-23 ( 1 985)
Sidalcea oregana (T. & G . ) Gray ssp. for species account.
Sidalcea malviflora ( DC . ) Ben th. hydrophila ( Hel ler) H itchc.
ssp. purpurea H itchc. " marsh c h eckerbl o o m " Malvaceae Sidalcea ranunculacea
" p u rple-ste m m ed checkerb l o o m " List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon
Malvaceae G l e n n , Lake, Mendocino, Napa
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Sidalcea robusta Roush
5 1 6C, 5 1 7A, 533C, 534D, 564C, 5 6 5 B ,
Mendocino, Mari n ? , San Mateo, Sonoma 56 5C, 5 6 5 D, 58 1 A, 5 8 1 B, 5 8 1 C , 5 8 1 0,
" B utte Cou nty checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
503D, 5 1 9D, 520B?, 520D, 53 7D, 569A 582B, 5 8 2 0
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Broadleaved u pland forest, coastal Meadows and seeps, riparian scrub I
Butte
prarie; elevation 1 5-65 meters. mesic; e l evation 1 1 00-2300 meters.
576A, 576B, 577A, 5 9 2 B , 592C, 593D
Pere n n ial h e rb ( rh izomatous), Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
blooms May. Chaparral, cismontane wood land;
lntergrades with ssp. valida. See Muhlenber­
elevation 90-1 600 meters.
Does plant occ u r in Marin County? Need gia 1 : 1 07 ( 1 904) for original descri ption,
q u ads for San M ateo County. See Univer­ and University ofWashington Publications in Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
sity ofWashington Publications in BiologJ BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -9 6 ( 1 957) for taxonomic April-J u ne.
1 8 : 2 3 ( 1 9 5 7 ) for original descri pti o n . treatment. Known fro m approximately twenty
occurrences. Possibly threate n e d by resi­

Sidalcea neomexicana Gray Sidalcea oregana ( N utt. ) Gray ssp. dential development and fire su ppres­
s i o n . See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
"salt spring c h eckerbloom" Malvaceae
valida (Greene) C . L. H itchc. Garden 1 8 : 2 05-2 0 7 ( 1 9 3 1 ) for origi n a l
List 2 I RED 2-2-1 " Kenwood M a r s h c h eckerb l o o m " descripti o n .
Los Angeles*, Orange, Riverside, Santa Malvaceae
Barbara, San Bernard i no, Ventura; Ari­ List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Sidalcea setosa ss p . setosa
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym of 5.
zona, Baja California, Nevada, New Mex­ State Endangered/Federal
ico, Sonora ( M exico), Utah, and Endangered oregana ssp. spicata; a common taxon
e lsewhere
Sonoma
70D, 7 1 A* , 8 5 D, 8 9 D * , 1 0 2A, 1 0 7D,
50 1 A, 5 1 7B
1 08 C * , 1 1 1 C, 3 1 B , 1 4 1 A, 1 65A, 1 6 6A,
1 90C Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
el evation 1 1 5-1 50 meters.

Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms

J u ne-September.
 2 74 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Sidalcea stipularis j .T. Howel l & G. Silene invisa 625B, 626A, 643C, 644D, 698B, 698C
True Considered but rejected: too co mmon Alpine boulder and rock fie l d , subal pine
co niferous forest, upper montane con i f­
"Scadden Flat checkerbloom" Malvaceae
erous forest / volcanic, rocky; elevatio n
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3 Silene marmorensis Kruckeberg 2355-3 1 1 0 meters.
State Endangered " M arble Mou ntain c a m p i o n "
Peren n i al herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Nevada Caryo phyllaceae
Known in Cal i forn ia only from Mt. Shas­
541 B, 542A List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
ta and Mt. Lassen . On review l ist i n
H u m boldt, Siskiyou I d aho, a n d watch l ist i n Orego n . See
Marshes and swamps ( montane freshwa­
ter); el evation 700-730 meters. 685B, 685D, 686A, 702C, 703A, 703B, Madrano 34( 1 ):29-40 ( 1 987) for taxo­
703C, 703D, 704A nomic d i scussi o n .
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u l y-August. Broadl eaved u p land forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, lower montane Silene verecunda Wats. ssp.
Known fro m o n ly two occurrences i n
con iferous forest; el evation 1 70- 1 2 5 0
Scadden Flat near Grass Val l ey. One verecunda
meters.
occurrence vol u ntarily protected by
"San Francisco cam p i o n " Caryo p hyllaceae
landowner. Threate ned by altered Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
hydrol ogy, grazing, and non-native List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Need quads for H u m boldt County.
plants. See Four Seasons 4( 4 ) : 2 0-22 Santa Cruz, San Francisco, San M ateo
Threatened by logging. Closely related
( 1 974) for origi nal descri pti o n . to S. bridgesii. See Madrano 1 5 ( 6 ) : 1 72- 408B, 408C, 408D, 409D, 429A, 448 B,
1 77 ( 1 960) for original descri pti o n . 448C, 466C
Silene aperta Greene Coastal bl uff scrub, chaparral, coastal
Silene occidentalis Wats. ssp. prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l
"Tu lare campion" Caryophyl l aceae
grassland / sandy; elevation 30-645
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 longistipitata H itchc. & Magu ire meters.
Tu lare " l o ng-stiped cam p i o n " Caryo phyl laceae Perenn ial herb, blooms March-August.
Lower montane co niferous forest, sub­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
alpine co niferous forest, upper montane Butte, Plumas, Shasta, Tehama rences. Threatened by development. See
con iferous forest; el evation 1 8 00-2995
607A, 607B, 607C, 608D, 626C, 62 6D, Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
meters.
662B and Sciences 1 0 : 344 ( 1 875) for original
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u l y-August. descri pti o n , and University ofWashington
Chaparra l , lower montane co n i ferous
SeeLeaflets ofBotanical Observation forest, upper montane coniferous forest; Publications in Biolo?JI 1 3 :4 1 -42 ( 1 947) for
and Criticism 1 : 7 5 ( 1 904) for origi nal el evation 1 000-2000 meters. taxonomic treatment.
descri ption, and University of Washington
Pere n n ial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
Publications in Botany 1 3 :24 ( 1 947) for Sisyrinchium funereum Bickn.
taxonomic treatm ent. Threatened by logging and vehicles.
" Death Val l ey b l u e-eyed grass" l ridaceae

Silene oregana Wats. List 1 8 I RED 3-1-2

Silene campanulata Wats. ssp.
I nyo; Nevada
campanulata "Oregon ca m p i o n " Caryophyllaceae
324A, 346D, 389C, 390A
" Red M o u n ta i n catchfly" Caryo phyl laceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lasse n , Modoc; I d a h o , Nevada, Ore­ Meadows and seeps ( a l kaline); elevation
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
go n , Utah, Was h i ngton, Wyo m i ng, and 40-9 1 5 meters.
State Endangered
e l sewhere Pere n n i al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Colusa, Mendocino, Sh asta, Tehama, February-Apri I .
640A
Tri n ity
Great Basin scrub, su bal pine coniferous Known i n California only from the Death
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Val ley area. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
forest; elevation 1 50 0-2500 meters.
forest / usually serpenti n i te, rocky; cal Club 3 1 :387 ( 1 904) for original
elevation 425-2085 meters. Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-Septem ber.
descripti o n .
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. and Fredonyer Pk., Lassen Cou nty.
Threatened by m i n i ng. Protected in part Sisyrinchium halophilum
Need quads for Modoc Cou nty. See Pro­
at Red Mtn. ACEC ( B LM), Mendocino
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and Considered but rejected: too common
Co unty. Need q uads for Shasta and Tri n i ­
ty counties. Disti nction from ssp. glandu­ Sciences 1 0 :343 ( 1 875) for original descrip­
tion, and University ofWashington Publications Smelowskia ovalis Jones var.
losa needs study. See Proceedings ofthe
in Biolo?JI 1 3 :29 ( 1 947) for taxonomic
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0 :
treatment.
congesta Rol l .
341 -342 ( 1 875) for original descri ption,
" Lassen Peak s m e l owskia" Brassicaceae
and University ofWashington Publications in
Biolo?JI 1 3 : 22-23 ( 1 947) for taxonomic Silene suksdorfii Rob. List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
treatment. Shasta
"Cascade al pine cam pion" Caryophyl laceae
625B, 626A, 643C
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Silene hookeri ssp. pulverulenta Shasta, Siskiyo u ; I d aho, Orego n ,
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld; elevation
Co nsidered but rejecte d : a synonym of S. 2440-3 1 00 meters.
Was h i ngton
hookeri; a com mon taxon Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 275

Known from six occurrences on Mt. Solanum xanti var. hoffmannii Spartina gracilis Tri n .
Lassen. See Rhodora 40:302 ( 1 938) for
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S. "alkali cord grass" Poaceae
origi nal description.
xanti; a common taxon List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Orego n ; and
Smilaxjamesii Wal lace Solanum xanti var. obispoense elsewhere
" English Peak green briar" S m i l acaceae Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of S. Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 xanti; a common taxo n marshes and swam pspecies alkal i n e ;
Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity elevati on 1 000-2 1 00 meters.

662B, 667A, 667B, 667C, 668A, 680C, Solidago gigantea Ait. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
702B, 702C, 702D, 7 1 8C, 7 1 9C, 72 1 C J u ne-August.
"smooth gol d e n rod" Asteraceae
Broadleaved u p l a n d fo rest?, lower m o n ­ List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Threatened by grazing.
t a n e coniferous forest, marshes a n d
Modoc, Plu mas; Arizo na, Nevada, Ore­
swamps (streambanks and l a k e mar­
gon, and elsewhere Spergularia canadensis ( Pers.) G.
gins), North Coast coniferous forest;
e l evati on 1 1 6 0-2500 meters. 605D, 724B, 724C Don var. occidentalis R. Rossbach
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes "western sand-sp u rrey" Caryo phyl laceae
May-J u ly. and swamps (streambanks and lake mar­ List 2 I RED 3-3-1
gi ns); elevation 1 000- 1 500 meters.
See Brittonia 31 :41 6-421 ( 1 9 79) for origi­ H u m boldt; Orego n , Wash i ngton , and
nal description. Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms el sewhere
J u ly-September.
672C
Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than five
Solanum clokeyi M u nz Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
occurrences; is it more com m o n ? S i m i lar
elevatio n 0-3 meters.
" island n i ghtshade" Solanaceae to S. canadensis.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2 Annual herb, blooms J u ne-August.

Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island ; Kn own in California o n ly from H u mboldt
Solidago guiradonis Gray Bay. See Rhodora 42 : 1 1 6 ( 1 940) for origi­
Guada l u pe Island ( Mexico)
" G u i rado's gol d e n ro d " Asteraceae nal descri ption.
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland,
List 4 / RED 1-2-3
coastal scrub; elevation 2-395 meters.
Fresno, San Benito Spermolepis echinata ( DC.) H el ler
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Cismontane woodland, valley and
Threatened by feral herbivores. S. xanti " bristly scaleseed" Apiaceae
footh i l l grassland / serpenti nite seeps;
complex needs taxonomic study. A syn­ List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
el evation 600-900 meters.
onym of S. wallacei in TheJepson Manual. San Diego; Arizo na, Baja Cal i forn ia,
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Sonora ( Mexico), and elsewhere
September-October.
Solanum tenuilobatum 1 9A, 3 2 B , 32C
Known only from the San Ben ito Mtns.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S. Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
Threatened by veh icles. Frequently con­
xanti; a common taxon fused with S. confinis. See Proceedings ofthe elevation 60-1 500 meters.
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 6 : 543 Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Solanum wallacei (Gray) Parish ( 1 8 6 5 ) for original descripti o n . Known i n California o n l y from Bo rrego
"Wallace's n ightshade" S o l a n aceae Val l ey.

List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2 Solidago missouriensis

Santa Catalina Island ; Isla Guada­ Considered but rejected: not in Cal i fo r­ Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ( H . &
l u pe, Baja nia; misid entification of S. spectabilis; a A.) Ryd b. ssp. grossulariifolia
co mmon taxon
SCTE, SCTN , SCTS "cu rrant-leaved desert m a l low" Mal �aceae
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
rocky; elevation 3-41 0 meters. Sparganium minimum
Lassen; I d aho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
See Sparganium natans
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-August. Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
Threatened by feral herbivores. Occur­ 602A, 620A, 620B, 620C, 6 2 0 D
rences reported from the mainland (Santa Sparganium natans L. Chenopod scrub, Great Bas i n scru b / vol­
Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties) "small b u r-reed" Typhaceae canic; el evation 1 200-2 1 0 0 meters.
need fu rther study but are probably S.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-October.
xanti. Plants from Guadalupe Island may
El Dorado, Lassen, Placer, Plu mas, Shas­ Naturalized i n Santa Barbara Cou nty.
be distinct, perhaps at the varietal level. S.
ta, Tuo l u m n e ; Idaho, Orego n , Wash i ng­ See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
xanti complex needs taxonomic study. See
ton , and elsewhere 40( 1 ) : 58 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for revised nomencla­
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 1 : 9 1 ( 1 876) for original Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps ture, a n d University of California Publica­
descri ption, and Proceedings ofthe California (lake margi ns); elevation 1 645-2500 tions in Botany 1 9 ( 1 ):86-88 ( 1 9 3 5 ) for
Academy ofSciences 1 1 1(2): 1 66 ( 1 901 ) for meters. taxonomic treatment.
revised nomenclature. Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous, emergent),
blooms J u ly-August.
276 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Sphaeralcea munroana ( Dougl . ) Threatened by grazing and vehicles. See Stachys pycnantha
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6:49 ( 1 950) for Considered but rejected: too common
Spach
original description and Brittonia 2 8 : 2 6 1
" M u nroe's desert mallow" Malvaceae ( 1 976) for revised nomenclature.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Stachys stebbinsii
Placer; Idaho, Nevada, Orego n , Utah , Considered but rejected: a synonym of S.
Sphagnum strictum S u l l . rigida; a common taxon
Wash i ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
S p h agnaceae
538B, 539A
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Great Basin scrub; elevation 2000 meters. Stanleya pinnata var. inyoensis
Fresno; and el sewhere
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym of S
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
3 9 6A pinnata; a common taxon
Known i n California o n ly from Squaw
Subalpine coniferous forest (soil, lake
Creek. See Proceedings ofthe American Acad­
margins); elevati on 2600-2800 meters. Stanleya viridiflora T. & G.
emy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 : 2 9 2 ( 1 887) for
revised nomenclature, and University ofCal­ Moss.
"green-fl owered prince's p l u me"
ifornia Publications in Botany 1 9( 1 ):83-85 Known in Cal i fornia from o n ly o n e Brassicaceae
( 1 93 5 ) for taxonomic treatment. occurrence at D i n key Lakes, S i erra NF. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Remarkably d i sj u nct from eastern U . S .
Lasse n , Plumas * ; Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
S e e Muse. Allegh. p. 49 ( 1 846 ) f o r origi­
Sphaeralcea rusbyi Gray var. gon, Utah, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
nal descri pti o n .
eremicola (Jeps. ) Kearn . 586C*, 620B, 63 8A, 638C, 639D
" Rusby's desert- mal low" M alvaceae Great Basin scrub (white ash deposits);
Sphenopholis obtusata ( M ichx. )
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 elevation 1 3 00-1 600 meters.
Scri b n .
I nyo, San Bernard i n o Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
" p rairie wedge grass" Poaceae
248C, 249A, 249D, 325B, 348D Known in California from six occurrences
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 in Secret Val l ey.
Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
Amador, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Riverside,
desert scrub; elevation 975- 1 500 meters.
San Bernard i no, Tu lare; and e lsewhere
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne . Stebbinsoseris decipiens
1 05A, 1 07D, 284B, 395B, 41 3A, 41 6 D,
Known from t e n occurrences i n Death 487C, 493B, 494A, 494D
(Cham bers) Cham bers
Val ley NP ( I nyo Co u nty) and near Clark "Santa Cruz m i c roseris" Asteraceae
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
Mtn. (San Bernard i n o County). Threat­
seeps / mesic; el evation 300-2000 List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
ened by grazing. See Manual ofthe Flower­
meters. Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz
ing Plants ofCalifornia, p. 635 ( 1 9 2 5 ) by
W.L. Jepson for original descripti o n . Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. 3 6 6 D, 408B, 408C, 409D, 467A
Threatened by grazing and hydrological B roadleaved u p land forest, closed-cone
alterations. See Rhodora 8 ( 9 2 ) : 1 3 7- 1 46 coniferous forest, chaparral, coastal
Sphaerocarpos drewei Wigglesw.
( 1 906) for d i scussion of gen us . prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l
Sphaerocarpaceae grassland / open areas, sometimes ser­
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 pentin ite; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Stachys bergii
Considered but rej ected : a synonym of 5.
Riverside, San D iego Annual herb, blooms April-May.
1 1 B, 2 2 B ajugoides var. rigida; a com m o n taxon Known from fewer than twenty occur­
Chaparral, coastal scrub / openi ngs, soi l ; rences. Threatened by grazing. USFWS
elevation 90-600 meters. uses the name Microseris decipiens. See
Stachys chamissonis var. cooleyae Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
Liverwort (ephemera l ) . Considered but rej ected : a synonym of S. 4:29 0-2 9 1 ( 1 9 5 5 ) for origi nal descrip­
Need quad s for Riverside County. M uch chamissonis; a common taxon tion, and American journal ofBotany
of the suitable historic habitat lost to 7 8 ( 8 ) : 1 0 1 5-1 0 2 7 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for revised
urban izatio n . See University ofCalifornia nomenclature.
Publications in Botany 1 6 : 1 29- 1 3 7 ( 1 929)
Stachys palustris L. s s p . pilosa
for original descri pti o n . ( N utt. ) Epl .
" m arsh hedge nettle" Lamiaceae Stellaria littoral is Torrey
Sphaeromeria potentilloides List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 "beach starwort" Caryo p hyl l aceae

(Gray) A.A. H e l ler var. nitrophila Modoc, Sh asta, Siskiyou; Arizona, Neva­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
da, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wash­ H u mboldt, Mendoci n o * , Mari n , San
(Cro n q . ) A. H o l mgren, Sch u ltz & T.
i ngton, and elsewhere Francisco, Sonoma
Lowrey
662C, 674A, 676A, 6 9 1 D, 708C, 724A, Bogs and fens, coastal bl uff scrub,
" a l ka l i tan sy-sage" Asteraceae 736B coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, marshes
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 G reat Bas i n scrub ( mesic); elevation and swam ps; elevation 5-40 meters.
Mono, Idaho, Nevada 1 200- 1 S2S meters. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
434A, 45 1 A, 487C, 487D, 488C Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms March-J u ly.
Meadows and seeps, playas / usually J u n e-August. Threatened by grazing, tra m pl i n g, and
alkaline; elevation 2 1 00-2400 meters. non-native plants. See Report of the Pacific
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly. Railroad Expedition 4:69 ( 1 857) for origi­
nal descri ption.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 277

Stellaria longifolia Wi l l d . Stephanomeria blairii M u nz &Jtn . 1 Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by residential develop­
" l o n g-leaved starwort" Caryophyllaceae " B lair's ste p h a n o meria" Asteraceae
ment, road construction, and veh icles. See
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 Pittonia 1 :62 ( 1 887) for original descrip­
Butte, Shasta; Arizona, New Mexico, Ore­ San Clemente Island tion, Madroflo 1 4(7) : 2 1 7-227 ( 1 958) for
gon, Washi ngton, and elsewhere SCMC, SCM N , SCMS taxonomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
607C, 608D, 662B 1 9( 4):SS7-S74 ( 1 994) for d i scussion of S.
Coastal b l uff scrub, coastal scru b /
glandulosus complex.
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), riparian rocky; elevation 2S-4SS meters.
wood land; e levation 900- 1 830 meters. Shrub, bloo m s J u ly-September.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Streptanthus albidus Greene ssp.
Feral herbivores removed from San
May-J u ly. Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
peramoenus (Greene) Krucke berg
Known in Cal ifornia only from three i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club " m ost beautifu l jewel -flower" Brassicaceae
occurrences. S l : 3 0 1 ( 1 924) for origi nal descri pti o n . List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey,
Stellaria obtusa Enge l m . Stephanomeria paniculata Santa Clara

"obtuse starwort" Co nsidered but rejected : too com m o n 29SC, 296A, 296D, 386A, 406A, 406B,
Caryo phyllaceae
406D, 407A, 407B, 446C, 446D, 464B,
List 4 I RED 1 -1-1
464C? , 465B, 46SC, 46SD, 466A
Butte, Glenn, H u m boldt, Lassen , Plumas, Stipa arida
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
Shasta, Sierra, Tehama, Tuo l u m ne; Idaho, See Achnatherum aridum
and footh i l l grassland / serpe ntin ite;
Oregon , Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
elevation 1 20- 1 000 meters.
Lower montane coniferous forest, riparian Stipa diegoensis Annual herb, blooms April-J u n e .
woodland, u pper montane coniferous for­
est I mesic; elevation 1 S0-2 1 3 S meters.
See Achnatherum diegoense
H i storical occurrences n e e d fi e l d sur­
veys. Threatened by development and
Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-October. Stipa latiglumis grazing. S i m i lar plants from Mo nterey
Considered but rejected: too co m m o n ; a and San Luis Obispo cou nties are l i kely
synonym of Achnatherum latiglumis S. glandulosus ssp. glandulosus, but fu rther
Stemodia durantifolia ( L. ) Sw. study needed.
" pu rple stem o d i a " Scro p h u lariaceae
Stipa lemmonii var. pubescens
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
See Achnatherum lemmonii var. pubescens Streptanthus barbatus
Rivers i d e * , San Diego; Arizo na, Baja Cal i ­ Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon
forn ia, Sonora ( Mexico), Texas, and else­
where Stipa lettermanii
Considered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
Streptanthus barbiger Greene
l OA, l O B, l OC, 1 0 0, l l A, 1 1 D, 22C*,
22D, 33C, 35C* , 66A* , 82C*, 83D* synonym of Achnatherum lettermanii " bearded jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Sonoran desert scrub (often mesic,
sandy); elevation 1 80-300 meters. Stipa scribneri Lake, Mendoc i n o, Napa, Sonoma,
Tehama
Perennial herb, blooms Janu ary­ Co nsidered but rejected: not in Cal i for­
December. n ia; material misidentified Chaparral (serpentinite); elevati on
1 S0- 1 0 70 meters.
Very few recent collections; needs field
study. Threatened by development. Stipa stillmanii Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.

Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a Variable; intergrades with S. batrachopus

synonym of Achnatherum sti//manii and 5. breweri. See Pittonia 1 : 2 1 7 ( 1 888)
Stenotus lanuginosus (Gray)
for original descri pti o n .
Greene
"woolly ste notus" Asteraceae
Streptanthus albidus Greene ssp.
albidus Streptanthus batrachopus
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Morrison
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­ " M etcalf Canyon jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
i ngton , and el sewhere List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3 "Tamal pais j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3 - 1 -3
641 A, 64 1 B, 659A, 659B, 65 9C, 65 9D, Federal Endangered
674C, 67SA, 676D, 726B, 727A Mari n
Santa Clara
Great Bas i n scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per 467A, 467B
406A* , 406 B, 406D, 407A* , 407B,
woodland / gravelly loam; el evation 426C, 427D Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
1 500-1 840 meters. serpenti nite; elevation 30S-6SO meters.
Val l ey and footh i l l grassland (serpenti­
Pere n n ia l herb, blooms M ay-J u ly. nite); el evation 45-800 meters. Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Known in California from fewer than Ann ual h e rb, blooms April-J u ly. Known from fewer t h a n t e n occurrences
twenty occurrences. See Botany ofthe in the Mt. Tamal pais area. Sim ilar plants
Wilkes Exploratory Expedition 1 7:347 ( 1 874) from the southern North Coast Ranges
for original descri ption, and Carnegie Insti­ may be an u ndescribed new taxon . I nter­
tution ofWashington Publication 389 : 1 7 1 grades with 5. barbiger.
( 1 928) for additional i nformation.
278 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS

Streptanthus bernardinus (Greene) Streptanthus callistus Morrison Streptanthus farnsworthianus J .T.

Parish " Mt. H a m i lton j ewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae Howel l
" Lagu na Mou ntai ns jewel-flower" List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 "Farnsworth 's jewel -flower" Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae Santa Clara List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 406A, 425C, 426D Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tu lare
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego; Cismontane woodland; elevation
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland;
Baja Cal iforn ia?
elevation 600-790 meters. 400- 1 400 meters.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May.
forest; elevation 670-2500 meters.
Known from approximately five occur­ See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0( 1 1 ) :
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. 1 8 2- 1 83 ( 1 9 65) for original descripti on.
rences in the Mt. Hami lton Range. See
Does plant occur in Baja Cal iforn i a ? Madroiio 4(7):205 ( 1 938) for original
descripti o n .
Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene)
Streptanthus brachiatus F.W. J .T. Howe l l
H offm . ssp. brachiatus Streptanthus campestris Wats.
"Te h i pite Va l l ey j ewel -flower" Brassicaceae
"Socrates M i n e jewel-flower" Brassicaceae "south ern jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2 Fresno
Napa, Sonoma Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego;
374B, 374C, 374D, 3 75A, 375C, 375D
Baja California
5 1 7A, 534D Lower montane co niferous forest, upper
8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 1 9C, 20D, 32C, 3 2 D,
Closed-cone con i ferous forest, chaparral / montane coniferous forest; elevation
3 3 D, 48A, 65C, 83C, 1 0 5 B
serpentinite; elevation 545-1 000 m eters. 1 0 65- 1 750 meters.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ne . Annual herb, blooms April-J u l y.
forest, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland /
Known from fewer t h a n ten occurrences. rocky; elevation 900-2300 meters. Known from fewer than twenty occ u r­
Plants from Lake County ( 5 1 7B, S33C) rences. See Leaflets of Botanical Observation
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
are more appropriately assigned to S. and Criticism 1 :86 ( 1 904) for original
brachiatus ssp. hoffmanii. Possibly th reat­ Known in California from fewer than descri ption, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany
ened by alteration of fire regi mes. See twenty occurrences. See Proceedings ofthe 9 ( 1 2 ) : 1 84- 1 8 5 ( 1 96 1 ) for taxonomic
Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ) : 3 6 ( 1 989) for revised American Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 5 : 1 2 5 treatment.
nomenclature. ( 1 890) for original description.

Streptanthus glandulosus H ook.

Streptanthus brachiatus F.W. Streptanthus cordatus N utt. var. ssp. pulchellus (Greene) Kruckeberg
H offm . ssp. hoffmanii Dolan piutensis J .T. Howe l l
" M t . Tamalpais jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
& LaPre " Pi ute M o u n tai n s j ewel-flower" List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
"Freed's j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae Brassicaceae
Mari n
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
467A, 467B, 484C, 484D
Lake, Sonoma Kern
Chaparra l , valley and footh i l l grassland /
5 1 7B, 5 1 8A, 533C 2 1 1 B, 2 1 2A, 260C, 2 6 1 D
serpentin ite; elevation 1 50-800 meters.
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / Broadl eaved u p land forest, closed-cone
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
serpenti nite; elevati on 490-1 22 0 meters. coniferous forest, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland / clay or metamorphic; Kn own only from the Mt. Tamalpais
Pere n n i al herb, blooms May-J u ly. area. Threatened by tram p l i ng and non­
el evation 1 095-1 735 meters.
Known from approximately ten occur­ native plants. See Systematic Botany 1 9( 4 ):
Pere n nial herb, blooms May-J u l y.
rences. See Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ) : 3 6 ( 1 989) for 557-574 ( 1 994) for d iscussion ofS. glan­
original descri ption. Known from approximately te n occur­ dulosus complex.
rences. See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0 : 3 1
( 1 963) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Streptanthus breweri Gray var. Streptanthus glandulosus Hook.
hesperidis Ueps.) J eps. var. hoffmanii Kruckeberg
Streptanthus drepanoides
"green jewel-flower" Brassicaceae "secu n d jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
Kruckeberg & Morrison
List 18 / RED 2-2-3 List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
"sickle-fruit jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
Lake, Napa Sonoma
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 5 1 7A, 503B, 5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D
Butte, Gle n n , Lake, Mendocino, Shasta,
532C, 532D, 533A, 533C, 533D Chaparral, cismontane woo d l a n d , valley
Te hama, Tri nity
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­ and footh i l l grassland (often serpenti­
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
land / serpentinite, rocky; elevation nite) / rocky; elevation 1 2 0-475 meters.
montane con i ferous forest / serpentin ite;
1 3 0-760 meters. Annual herb, blooms March-J u l y.
elevation 275- 1 6 60 meters.
Annual herb, bl ooms May-J u ly.
Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne .
Threatened by m i n i ng. See Erythea 1 : 1 4
S e e Madroiio 30( 4 ) : 2 3 0-244 ( 1 983) for
( 1 893) for original description , and Flora
original description, a n d Fremontia
ofCalifornia 2 : 3 3 ( 1 9 3 6 ) by W.L. Jepson 1 4( 2 ) : 1 9 ( 1 9 86) for species account.
for revised nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 2 79

H i storical occurrences need fi eld surveys. Known from fewer than ten occurrences, Streptanthus morrisonii F.W.
See S. glandulosus ssp. secundus in TheJepson where not often reported recently. Threat­ Hoffm . ssp. morrisonii
Manual. See Madrano 1 4( 7 ) : 2 2 3 ( 1 958) ened by grazing, and potentially by reser­
for original description, and Systematic voi r construction. See Madrano 30( 4 ) : " M orri s o n ' s jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
Botany 1 9 ( 4 ) : 5 57-574 ( 1 994) for d iscus­ 230-244 ( 1 985) for origi nal descripti on. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
sion of S. glandulosus co m p lex. Sonoma

Streptanthus morrisonii 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0

Streptanthus gracilis Eastw. Considered but rejected: see Streptanthus Chaparral (serpentin ite, rocky, talus);
" a l p i n e jewel-flower" Brassicaceae morrisonii sspp. elatus, hirtiflorus, krucke­ elevation 1 2 0-585 meters.

List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3

bergii, and morrisonii Pere n nial herb, blooms May-September.
Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare See Streptanthus morrisonii sspp See Streptanthus morrisonii in TheJepson
3 5 2 B , 3 52C, 353A, 3 5 3 D, 373B, 373C, Manual. See Madrano 1 1 ( 6 ) : 225 ( 1 9 5 2 )
3 730, 3 74C, 3740 Streptanthus morrisonii F.W. fo r original description and 3 6 ( 1 ) : 33-40
( 1 989) for additional i nformation.
Subal p i n e co niferous forest, u pper mon­ H offm . ssp. elatus F.W. H offm .
tane co niferous forest / gra n itic, rocky; "Three Peaks j ewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
elevation 2800-3500 meters.
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Streptanthus niger Greene
Annual herb, blooms J uly-August. Lake, Napa, Sonoma "Tiburon jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy 5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D, 532C,
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
ofSciences 1 1 1 ( 2 ) : 2 8 5 ( 1 9 0 2 ) for original 5 3 2 0, 533 0 State Endangered/Federal
descri pti o n . Endangered
Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
90-8 1 5 meters. Mari n
Streptanthus hispidus Gray Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-Septem ber. 466B
" Mt . Diablo jewel -flower" Brassicaceae Threatened by herbivory. See Streptanthus Val ley and footh i l l grassland (serpenti­
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 morrisonii in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano n ite); elevation 30- 1 50 meters.
Contra Costa 1 1 ( 6 ):228 ( 1 952) for original descri ption Annual herb, blooms May-J u n e .
and 36(1 ):33-40 ( 1 989) for additional
464B, 464C Known from o n l y three occurrences o n the
i nformation.
Chaparra l , valley and footh i l l grassland / Tiburon Pen i nsula. Threatened by road
rocky; elevation 365- 1 2 00 meters. construction, foot traffic, and develop­

Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne .

Streptanthus morrisonii F.W. ment. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Hoffm . ssp. hirtiflorus F.W. Hoffm . 1 3 : 1 41 ( 1 886) for original descri ption,
Known from fewer t h a n fifteen occur­ Madrano 1 4(7): 2 1 7-227 ( 1 958) for taxo­
rences in the Mt. Diablo area. " Dorr's Cabi n jewel-flower" Brassicaceae nomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 1 9( 4):557-574 ( 1 994) for discussion ofS.

Streptanthus howellii Wats. Sonoma glandulosus complex.

5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0
" H owe l l 's jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 Chaparral, closed-cone co n i ferous forest / Streptanthus oliganthus Rol l .
serpentinite; elevation 1 85-820 meters.
Del Norte; Oregon " M aso n i c M ou n tain j ewel-flower"
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ne . Brassicaceae
739B, 739C, 740A, 740B, 740C
Known from o n l y two s m a l l occu rrences i n List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Lower montane coniferous forest (serpen­
The Cedars. See Streptanthus morrisonii i n I nyo, Mono; Nevada
tin ite, rocky); elevation 305-1 500 meters.
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 1 1 ( 6):228 41 2C, 469B, 470C, 487A, 487B, 487C,
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. ( 1 952) for original description and 36(1 ):
487D, 488A, 488 B
Threatened by m i n i ng. Can d i d ate for 33-40 ( 1 989) for additional information.
Pinyo n and j u n i per wood land (volcanic
state l isti n g i n Orego n . See Proceedings of
or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 980-3050
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences Streptanthus morrisonii F.W. meters.
20:353 ( 1 885) for original descri ption .
Hoffm . ssp. kruckebergii Dolan Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
& LaPre Known in Cal i fo rn i a from fewer than
Streptanthus insignis jeps. ssp.
" Kruckeberg's j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae twenty occurrences. Th reatened by m i n ­
lyonii Kruckeberg & Morrison i ng, grazing, a n d ve h i cles. On watch l i st
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
"Arburu a Ranch jewel-flower" Brassicaceae in Nevada. See Contributions from the Dud­
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 ley Herbarium 3 : 3 7 2 ( 1 946) for origi nal
5 1 7B, 532C, 5 3 2 D, 533C, 534D descriptio n .
Merced
Cismontane wood land (serpenti n ite);
383C, 384A, 3840
elevation 2 1 5-1 035 meters.
Coastal scrub (sometimes serpentinite);
Streptanthus tortuosus var.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
elevation 230-855 meters. suffrutescens
Possibly th reatened by gold m i n i ng activi­ Considered but rejected: too common
An nual herb, blooms March-May.
ties. See
Streptanthus morrisonii in TheJep­
son Manual. See Madrano 3 6 ( 1 ):38 ( 1 989)
for original description. Stylocline amphibola
See Micropus amphibolus
280 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Stylocline citroleum Morefield Stylomecon heterophylla Suaeda taxifolia (Sta n d l . ) Stan d l .

"oil neststraw" Asteraceae Considered but rejected: too common "woo l ly seab l ite" Ch e n opod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
Kern, San Diego* Suaeda californica Wats. Anacapa Island , Los Angeles, Orange,
2 1 6A, 2 1 6B, 239A*, 2 3 9 B * , 241 C, " Ca l i fornia sea b l i te" Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Isl and ,
Chenopodiaceae
241 D, 242C*, 242D San Clemente I s l a n d , Santa Cata l i n a
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
I s l an d , Santa Cruz Island , San Diego,
Chenopod scrub, coastal scru b?, valley Federal Endangered San L u i s O b i spo, San N i co l as I s l a n d ,
and foothill grassland / clay; elevation
Alameda*, Santa Clara*, San Luis Obispo Santa Rosa I s l a n d , Ve ntura; Baja Cal i ­
5 0-400 meters.
247B*, 247D, 428A* , 447B*, 466A* forn ia, Guad a l u pe Island ( Mexico)
Annual herb, b l ooms March-Apri l .
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt); Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
Known fro m approximately ten occur­ marshes and swamps ( m a rgins of coastal
elevation 0-5 meters.
rences in the area of East Elk H i l ls. Need salt); elevation 0-50 meters.
historical quads for San Diego Cou nty. Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms J u ly-October.
Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms Jan uary­
Possibly threatened by energy develop­ Formerly known from San Francisco Bay
December.
ment and urban izatio n . See Madrano area, where extirpated by develop ment;
3 9 ( 2 ) : 1 23 ( 1 992) for original descri ption. now extant only in Morro Bay. Remains See North American Flora 21 : 9 1 ( 1 9 1 6) for
from adobe bricks i n d icate plant may original descri pti o n .
once have occu rred along the Peta l u m a
Stylocline intertexta River, Sonoma Cou nty ( 484A). Threat­
Considered but rejected : too common
Swallenia alexandrae (Swa l l . )
ened by recreation, erosi o n , and alter­
Soderstrom & Decker
ation of marsh habitat. Often confused
Stylocline masonii Morefield with S. esteraa and S. taxifolia in southern " Eu reka Valley d u n e grass" Poaceae
Cal i forn ia, but does not occ u r there. List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
" M ason's n eststraw" Asteraceae
State Rare/Federal Endangered
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, San Lu is
Suaeda esteroa Ferren & Whitmore I nyo

Obispo "estuary sea b l ite" C h en o pod iaceae 390B, 3 9 0C, 3 9 1 A, 3 9 1 D

1 3 6 B , 240 B , 240D, 245D, 260A, 260B, List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 Desert d u nes; elevati on 850- 1 2 80
2 6 8 D, 2 9 2 D, 294C, 2 9 5 D Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara * , meters.

Chenopod scrub, pi nyon a n d j u n i per S a n Diego, Ventura; Baja California Peren nial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
wood lan d / sandy; el evation 1 00- 1 200 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 3 6 D, 7 1 B, Apri l-J u ne .
meters. 72A, 73A, 1 1 4D, 1 43A* Known o n l y from d u nes i n Eureka Val l ey,
Annual herb, b looms March-May. Marshes and swamps (coastal salt); within Death Val ley N P. Habitat previous­
el evation 0-5 meters. ly degraded by vertical traffic; popula­
Co l lected only once ( 1 9 9 1 ) si nce 1 97 1 ;
tions recovering wel l , but sti l l threatened
need status of occurrences. Most of Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-October.
by vertical trespass and recreati o n . See
known sites su rveyed unsuccessfu l l y i n Potentially threatened by deve lopment
1 989. Threatened b y development and
journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci­
and recreation. See Madrano 3 0 ( 3 ) : ences 40( 1 ) : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 9 5 0 ) for origi nal
habitat d isturbance. See Madrano 3 9 ( 2 ) : 1 8 1 - 1 90 ( 1 983) for original description. descri pt i o n , Madrano 1 7( 3 ) : 88 ( 1 9 63 )
1 1 7 ( 1 992) for origi nal description and
for revised nomenclature, and Biological
43(3 ):434-435 ( 1 9 9 6 ) for i nformation
Suaeda occidentalis Wars. Conservation 46 : 2 1 7-242 ( 1 9 8 8 ) for pop­
o n recent collection.
u l ation b i o l ogy.
"western seab l ite" Chenopodiaceae
Stylocline micropoides List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1
Swertia albomarginata (Wats . )
Co nsidered but rejected: too common Lassen, Modoc?; Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Utah, Wash i ngton, Wyom ing, and
Ku ntze
elsewhere "d esert green-gentian" Gentianaceae
Stylocline sonorensis Wiggi ns
620C, 6 2 1 D, 690D? List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
" m esq u i te n eststraw" Asteraceae I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Nevada,
Great Basin scrub ( a l kaline, mesic);
List 1 A elevation 1 2 00- 1 5 00 meters. New Mexico, Utah, and elsewhere
Riverside( * ? ) ; Arizona, Sonora ( M exico) Pi nyon and j u n i per wood land ( rocky or
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ly-Septe m ber.
62B(*?) gravelly); elevati on 13 70-23 1 5 meters.
Does plant occ u r in Modoc County? A
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation synonym of S. calceoliformis in TheJepson Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
425 meters. Manual. See Proceedings ofthe American See Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 280
Annual herb, blooms Apri l . Academy ofArts and Sciences 9 : 90 ( 1 874) ( 1 871 ) for original descri ption, and Amer­
for original descri pti o n . ican Midland Naturalist 2 1 : 1 2 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for
Known i n California from only a single
collection ( 1 930) at Hayfields Dry Lake. taxonomic treatment.
Possibly extirpated after 1 930 by devel­
opm ent. See Contributions from the Dudley Swertia fastigiata
Herbarium 4 : 2 6 ( 1 9 50) for original See Swertia umpquaensis
descri ption, and Madrano 35(3 ): 279
( 1 988) for the Cal i forn ia record .
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 281

Swertia neglecta Hall U eps. ) Syntrichopappus lemmonii Lower montane coniferous forest (gravelly,
serpentin ite ); elevation 80- 1 700 m eters.
" p i n e green-gentian" Genti anaceae ( G ray) Gray
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u n e .
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 " Lem m o n 's syntrichopappus" Asteraceae
SeeContributions from the U.S. National
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Ve ntura
Herbarium 3 : 3 2 1 ( 1 8 9 5 ) for original
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Riverside,
descri ptio n .
Lower m o ntane con i ferous forest, p i ny­ San Bernard i n o
on and j u n i per wood l a n d , upper mon­ Chaparral, J o s h u a tree "wood land", pi ny­
tane coniferous forest; e l evation 1 400- on and j u n i per woodland / sandy or grav­
Tauschia howellii (Cou lt. & Rose)
2 SOO meters. elly; elevation 520- 1 83 0 meters. Macbr.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly. An nual herb, blooms April-M ay. " H owe l l 's tausc h i a " Apiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Swertia umpquaensis ( Peck & Systenotheca vortriedei ( Bdg. ) Rev. Siskiyou; Oregon
Appelg. ) St. J o h n & Hard ham 702B, 703D, 72 1 A
" U m pq u a green-gentia n " Gentia naceae "Vortriede's s p i n eflower" Polygonaceae Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 tane coniferous forest / granitic, gravel ly;
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
elevation 1 705-2500 meters.
Tri nity; Oregon Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
632B, 632C, 633D Chaparra l , c i smontane wood land
(sandy o r serpenti n ite); e l evation Known i n Californ i a from o n ly four
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
5 2 0 - 1 600 meters. occurrences. Can d idate for state l isting
forest, meadows and seeps, North Coast
in Oregon . See Contributions from the Gray
coniferous forest; elevation 1 5 5 5- 1 900 Annual herb, blooms May-September.
meters.
Herbarium 56:32 ( 1 9 1 8 ) for revi sed
See Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 2 : 1 69- nomenclature.
Pere n n ia l herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly. 1 90 ( 1 978) for taxonomic revision, and
Known in California from fewer than ten Phytologia 66(2) :83-88 ( 1 989) for revised
occurrences in the Pickett Pk. area of nomenclature.
Taxus brevifolia
South Fork Mtn. A synonym of S. fastigiata Co nsidered but rejected: too common
i n The Jepson Manual. See Madrano 6: 1 2
Tanacetum camphoratum
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, and Tayloria lingulata ( Dicks.) Li n d b.
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
American Midland Naturalist 2 6 : 1 4 ( 1 941 )
for revised nomenclature. Splac h n aceae

Tanacetum douglasii List 2 / RED 3-1-1

Considered but rejected: a synonym of T Fresno; a n d elsewhere
Synthyris missurica ( Raf. ) Pen n .
ssp. missurica camphoratum; a common taxon 397D
Lower montane co niferous forest (soi l ) ;
"kitten-tails" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Taraxacum califomicum M u nz elevation 1 500 meters.

Lasse n , Modoc; Idaho, Oregon , Wash­

&Jtn . Moss.

i ngton , and elsewhere "Ca l i fo rnia d a n d e l i o n " Asteraceae Known in California from only one occur­
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 rence on the Sierra NF. Genus generally
673A, 673B, 690B, 690C, 707C, 708A,
o n d u ng or other h igh n itrogen sub­
708D, 724C Federal Endangered strates. See Pl. Crypt. Brit. 4:4 ( 1 80 1 ) for
Lower montane con iferous forest, sub­ San Bernard i n o original description and Musci Scad. p. 1 9
alpine co niferous forest, upper montane ( 1 879) for revised nomenclature.
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05 B , 1 0 5 D, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
co niferous forest; elevation 2000-2500
Meadows and seeps ( m esic); el evation
meters.
1 620-2800 meters. Tetracoccus d ioicus Parry
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. " Parry's tetracoccus" E u p h orbiaceae
J u n e-J u ly.
Known from approxi mately twenty occur­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Known i n Cal i forn i a o n ly from the Warn­
rences in the San Bernard i n o Mtns. Seri­ Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
er Mtns. See Proceedings ofthe Academy of
ously threatened by development, grazing Cal i fornia
Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 8 5 :89
( 1 93 3 ) for revised nomenclature. and trampling, vehicles, recreation, and
7B, 9 D, 1 0A, 1 0 B, 1 0C, 2 1 A, 2 1 D, 34D,
hybridization with non-native T officinale.
3 5 B , 50A, 50B, 50D, 5 1 A, 69C, 70D
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 5 2 :
Synthyris reniformis var. cordata 227-228 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for original descri ption. Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S 1 65-1 000 meters.
reniformis; a common taxon Tauschia glauca (Cou lt. & Rose) Shru b (deciduous), blooms April-May.

Math. & Const. Th reatened by agricu lture and develop­

ment. See West American Scientist 1 : 1 3
"glaucous tauschia" Apiaceae ( 1 885) for origi nal descri ption, and
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 Rhodora 5 6 : 5 0-5 2 ( 1 954) for taxonomic
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Tri n ity; Oregon treatm ent.
282 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Tetracoccus hallii Bdg. G reat Bas i n scrub (sandy); elevation Thelypodium howellii Wats. ssp.
1 200-2 1 35 meters.
" H al l ' s tetracoccus" E u ph orbi aceae howellii
Shrub, blooms August.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 " H owell's thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernard i n o ; Ari­ SeeProceedings ofthe Biological Society of List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
zona, Baja California Washington 3 5 : 1 76 ( 1 9 2 2 ) for original
Lasse n , Modoc, Shasta; Orego n * ,
description, and Brittonia 2 6 : 1 9 2 ( 1 974)
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert Was h i ngton*
for revised nomenclature.
scrub; elevation 3 0- 1 200 meters. 656A, 65 6C, 660A, 660D, 677A, 677C,
Shru b (deci duous), blooms 678D, 693A
Jan uary- May.
Teucrium glandulosum Kel l .
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps
See Zoe 5 ( 1 1 ) : 2 2 9 ( 1 906) for original "sticky germander" La m iaceae (alkal i n e ) ; el evation 1 2 00- 1 830 meters.
description, and Rhodora 5 6 : 5 7- 60 List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment. San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Cal i forn ia,
Known in California from fewer than
Sonora ( M exico )
twenty occurrences. Endangered i n Ore­
Tetracoccus ilicifolius Cov. & 1 2 0C, 1 2 1 D gon. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
G i l man Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); el evation my ofArts and Sciences 2 1 :445 ( 1 886) for
400-500 meters. original description, and Contributions
" h o l ly-leaved tetracoccus" Eup h o rbiaceae
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 1 5-1 1 6
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3 ( 1 9 73) for taxo nomic treatm ent.
April-May.
I nyo
Known in California only from the Whip­
3 2 5D, 368C, 368D, 369C Thelypodium integrifolium (T. &
ple Mtns. Need field su rveys. See Proceed­
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate, ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences 2 : 23 G . ) Endl ssp. complanatum Al­
rocky) ; elevati on 600- 1 830 meters. ( 1 860) for original descri ption, and Brit­ Sheh baz
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne. tonia 5 ( 5 ) : 5 0 6-507 ( 1 946) for taxonomic
"foxtai l thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
treatment.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences i n List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Death Valley N M . See Rhodora 56:
I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon,
52-54 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment. Thalictrum alpinum L. Utah
"arctic meadow-rue" Ran u n c u l aceae 3 72B, 3 9 3 D, 41 0C, 41 2A, 41 2C, 4 1 3A,
Tetradymia argyraea M u nz & Roos List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 41 3 B , 41 3 D, 432C, 433C, 470C, 638D
"striped horsebru s h " Asteraceae I nyo, Mono; I d aho, Nevada, New Mexico, Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
List 4 / RED 1-1-1 Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere alkaline or subalkal ine, mesic; el evation
Riverside, San Bernard i no; Arizona Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows 1 1 00-2500 meters.
and seeps, marshes and swamps (edges) / Annual/perenn ial herb, blooms
Pi nyon and j u n i per wood l and ( rocky);
mesic; elevation 2805-3700 meters. J u n e-October.
elevati on 1 400-2230 meters.
Pere n n ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Threatened by graz i ng and hydrologic
Shru b (deci d uous), blooms
J u ly-August. alterat i o n . See Contributions from the
August-September.
Gray Herbarium 204: 1 0 5 ( 1 9 7 3 ) for
See Aliso 2 ( 3 ) : 2 3 7 ( 1 950) for original
Thalictrum occidentale origi nal descri ptio n , and Great Basin
descri pti o n .
Considered but rejected: too common
Naturalist 3 5 ( 4 ) : 342 ( 1 9 7 5 ) for revised
nom enclature.
Tetradymia canescens
Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon Thelypodium brachycarpum Torr.
Thelypodium jaegeri
"short-podded thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae See Caulostraminajaegeri
Tetradymia comosa List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Considered but rejected: too common Colusa, Lake, Lassen , Napa, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Thelypodium milleflorum A. Nels.
"many-flowered thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
Chaparral, meadows and seeps / serpen­
Tetradymia spinosa List 2 / RED 2-2-1
tinite, adobe, alkaline; elevation
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
670-2560 meters. Lassen , Mono, Modoc, Plu mas, Sierra?;
I d aho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash i ng­
Pere n n ial herb, bl ooms May-August.
Tetradymia stenolepis End angered in Oregon. See Contributions
to n , and elsewhere
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon from the Gray Herbarium 204: 9 1 -9 6 4690, 470A, 4700, 602A, 602B, 6020,
620B, 620C, 62 1 A, 62 1 C, 62 1 0, 690D,
( 1 973) for taxonomic treatm ent.
707A, 707B, 7070
Tetradymia tetrameres ( Blake)
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub
Strother Thelypodium flexuosum (sandy); elevati on 1 2 20-2500 meters.
" d u n e h o rsebrus h " Asteraceae Considered but rejected: too common
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne .
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Mono; Nevada
451 C, 469C, 469D, 470D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS 283

Does plant occur in Sierra Cou nty? Need Perenn ial herb ( rhizomato us), blooms Thermopsis macrophylla var.
q u ads fo r Plu mas Co unty. Threatened by April-J u ly. agnma
agriculture and sand m i n i ng. See Botani­ See T macrophylla var. argentata in TheJep­ See Thermopsis macrophylla
cal Gazette 5 2 ( 1 ) : 263 ( 1 9 1 1 ) for original son Manual.
descri ption, and Contributions from the
Gray Herbarium 204:88-90 ( 1 9 73 ) for Thermopsis macrophylla var.
taxonomic treatment. Thermopsis califomica Wats. var. argentata
semota Ueps. ) Chen & Tu rner See Thermopsis californica var. argentata
Thelypodium stenopetalum Wats. "velvety false l u p i n e " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Thermopsis macrophylla var.
"slender-petaled thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 San Diego semota
State Endangered/Federal 1 9 B , 1 9C, 20A, 33C, 3 3 D, 34A See Thermopsis californica var. semota
Endangered Cismontane wood land, lower montane
San Bernard ino con i ferous forest, meadows and seeps,
Thermopsis robusta H owell
valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
1 05A, 1 05 B , 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
1 0 3 5- 1 8 70 meters. "robust false l u pi n e " Fabaceae
Meadows and seeps ( m esic, alkaline); List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
elevation 1 600-2500 meters.
March-J u ne . Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou
Peren n i al herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened b y grazing, tram pli ng, a n d 6 7 1 A, 687B, 703 B, 704A, 704B, 704C,
Known from eight occurrences. Seriously recreatio n . See T macrophylla var. semota i n 704D, 705A, 705D, 72 1 C
th reate ned by grazing, vehicles, and TheJepson Manual; USFWS uses th is name. Broadl eaved upland forest, North Coast
urban izatio n . Protected in part at Bald­
coniferous forest; e l evation 1 50- 1 500
win Lake ER ( DFG). See Proceedings ofthe
Thermopsis gracilis meters.
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 :
468 ( 1 887) for original description, Con­ See Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
tributions from the Gray Herbarium 204: May-J u ly.
1 1 4-1 1 5 ( 1 9 73) for taxonomic treat­ Most collections are 3 5-40 years o l d .
Thermopsis gracilis Howe l l var.
ment, and Fremontia 1 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2-23 ( 1 98 5 ) Potentially threatened b y logging. N o t i n
for species account.
gracilis TheJepson Manual; a synonym ofT macro­
"slender false l u pine" Fabaceae phylla var. macrophylla i n A California Flora
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 ( 1 9 5 9 ) by P. M u nz. See Erythea 1 : 1 09
Thelypteris puberula ( Baker) C.
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, ( 1 893) for original description.
Morton var. sonorensis A . R. Sm ith
Tri n ity; Oregon
"Sonoran m a i d e n fern" Thelypteridaceae
Chaparra l , cismontane woodland, lower Thlaspi californicum Wats.
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
montane co niferous forest, meadows
" Kneeland Prairie pen nycress" Brassicaceae
Los Angeles, Riversi de, Santa Barbara, and seeps, North Coast coniferous for­
San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Cal iforn ia, List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
est; el evation 1 00-1 3 70 meters.
Sonora ( M exico) Federal Endangered
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
48B, 49A, 6 5 D, 83D, 1 06 B , 1 09B, 1 1 0A, March-J u ly. H u m boldt
1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D, 1 42A, 1 42 B , 1 43A, 1 44A, 653B
A synonym ofT macrophylla var. venosa
1 44B, 1 94A
i n TheJepson Manual. See Erythea 1 : 1 09 Coastal prarie (serpentinite); e levation
Mead ows and seeps (seeps and strea ms); ( 1 893) for original descri ption, and Annals 760-8 1 5 meters.
elevation 50-6 1 0 meters. ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 81 (3): 7 1 4- Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile 742 ( 1 994) for taxonomic treatment.
Known from one occurrence a t Kneeland
Jan uary-September.
Prairie; other reported occu rrences are
See University of California Publications Thermopsis macrophylla H. & A. m is- identified T montanum. Potentially
in Botany 5 9 : 9 1 ( 1 9 7 1 ) fo r original th reatened by road maintenance and air­
descri pt i o n . "Santa Ynez false l u p i ne" Fabaceae
port expansion; voluntarily protected by
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
landowner. See Proceedings ofthe American
State Rare Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 7:365 ( 1 882)
Thermopsis argentata
Santa Barbara for original descri ptio n , and Memoirs of
See Thermopsis californica var. argentata
1 42B, 1 67B, 1 68C, 1 68D, 1 69D the New York Botanical Garden 2 1 ( 2 ) : 80-8 1
( 1 9 7 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Chaparral (sandy, granitic, d i sturbed
Thermopsis califomica Wats. var.
areas); elevation 425-1 400 meters.
argentata (Greene) Chen & Turner Thlaspi montanum var.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
" s i l very false l u pi n e " Fabaceae April-J u n e . califomicum
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 See Thlaspi californicum
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
Lassen , Los Angeles, Modoc, Santa Bar­ rences. Threatened by fi re supressi o n .
bara, Shasta, Siskiyo u , Ventura Equals T macrophylla var. agnina; USFWS
Lower m o ntane coniferous forest, pi ny­ uses this name. See T macrophylla var.
on and j u n i pe r woo d l a n d ; e l evation macrophylla in TheJepson Manual.
900- 1 5 9 5 meters.
284 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Thysanocarpus conchuliferus See Madrofio 21 ( 8 ) : 53 5 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for first Townsendia leptotes (Gray)

Greene California occurrence, and Phytologia
Osterh .
68( 2 ) : 1 44- 1 55 ( 1 9 90) for revised
"Santa Cruz Is l and fringepod" Brassicaceae nomenclature. "slender townse n d i a " Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Federal Endangered Tonestus peirsonii ( Keck) G. Nesom Mono; Arizona, I daho, Nevada, New
Santa Cruz Island Mexico, Utah, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
& R. Morgan
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC 43 1 C
" Pe i rson 's tonestus" Asteraceae
Chaparral , cismontane woodland / Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; elevation
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
rocky; elevation 45-655 meters. 3355-3 8 1 0 meters.
Fresno, I nyo, Mono
Annual herb, blooms March- May. Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld, subalpi ne
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ Known in California from the White and
coniferous forest ( rocky) / granitic;
rences; no plants present in 1 993 or 1 994 I nyo mou ntains. Rare i n Nevada. See
el evation 2900-3700 meters.
su rveys, and only one known extant occur­ Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August. and Sciences 1 6 : 8 5 ( 1 880) for original
rence in 1 995. Threatened by grazing, feral
herbivores, and non-native plants. See Madrofio 5 ( 5 ) : 1 69 ( 1 940) for original descri pti o n , Muhlenbergia 4:69 ( 1 908) for
descriptio n , and Phytologia 68(3 ): 1 78 revised nomenclature, and Great Basin
( 1 9 90) for revised nomenclature. Naturalist 3 0 ( 1 ) : 3 8-3 9 ( 1 970) for taxo­
Tiarella trifoliata L. var. trifoliata nomic treatm ent.
"trifoliate laceflower" Saxifragaceae Tortella alpicola Dix.
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Pottiaceae
Townsendia parryi D.C. Eat.
H u m boldt, Tri n ity; Oregon, and elsewhere
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 " Parry's town sen d i a " Asteraceae
671 A , 6 7 1 B, 6 7 1 D List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lake; a n d el sewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest?, North Mono; Orego n , Was h i ngto n , and else­
564B, 565A
Coast coniferous forest; el evation 1 500 where
meters. Cismontane woodl and (volcanic, rock);
488A
el evation 1 40 0 meters.
Pere n n i al herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Alpine bou lder and rock fi e l d ; elevation
June. Moss.
3000-3500 meters.
Move t o List 2 ? Locati o n , rarity, a n d Known in Cal i fo rn i a from only a few
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
e n d angerment i n formation need ed, occurrences i n the Low Gap area, Men­
especi ally q uads for Tri n ity Cou nty. docino NF. See Ann. Bryol. 3 : 54 ( 1 929) Known i n California only from the Sweet­
l ntergrades with var. u n i fo l i ata. See for original description. water Mtns. End angered in Orego n .
Madrofio 1 8 ( 5 ) : 1 52- 1 60 ( 1 9 6 6 ) for
additional i nformation . Tortula californica Bartr. Tracyina rostrata Blake
Pottiaceae " beaked tracyi na" Asteraceae
Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata List 18 / RED 2-2-3 List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected : too co mmon Kern, Riverside H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Sonoma

69A, 239B 535A, 535C, 549C, 550D, 6 1 6A, 6 1 6 B ,

Tonestus eximius ( H a l l ) Nels. & Chenopod scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­
6 1 60
Macbr. land / sandy, so i l ; elevation 1 0- 1 00 Ci smontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
meters. grassland; el evation 90-520 meters.
"Tahoe tonestus" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Moss. Annual herb, blooms May-J u n e.
Alpine, E l Dorado, I nyo; Nevada See The Bryologist 48: 90-92 ( 1 945) for Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
original descri pti o n . rences. Many occurrences not seen recent­
Subalpine co n i ferous forest (granitic);
ly; needs field work. Th reatened by grazing
elevation 2500-3300 meters.
and non-native plants.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Townsendia condensata D.C.
J u ly-August. Eaton
See Phytologia 6 8 ( 2 ) : 1 44- 1 55 ( 1 990) for
Tragia ramosa Torr.
"cushion townsendia" Asteraceae
revised nomenclature. "d esert tragia " E u p h o rbiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
M o n o ; I d a h o , Utah, Wyo m i ng; a n d
Tonestus lyallii (Gray) G. Nesom e l sewhere Riverside, San Bernard i no ; Arizona,
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
" Lyal l ' s tonestus" Asteraceae 431 C, 470A, 487D, 488A, 488B
el sewhere
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Alpine boulder and rock fi eld, subalpine
Chenopod scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Orego n , and elsewhere coniferous forest (gravel ly); elevati on
woodland / rocky; el evation 900- 1 8 60
2865-3675 meters.
667B, 668A, 6850 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; elevation Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
2500-2700 meters. See American Naturalist 8:21 3 ( 1 874) for See Rhodora 6 9 : 2 8 1 -286 ( 1 967) for taxo­
original descri ptio n .
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms nomic treatm ent.
J u ly-August.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 285

Trichocoronis wrightii (T. & G . ) Trichostema lanatum 4060*, 44SA*, 466B*, 467B*, 4S3A*,
4S4B*, 4SSC*, 4SS D * , 49SC*, SOOD*,
Gray var. wrightii Considered but rejected: too common
S 0 1 A* , S0 1 B* , S 0 1 C*, S02A* , S 0 2 B * ,
"Wright's trichocoro n is" Asteraceae S 0 2 C , S03A( * ? ) , S 6 7 B * , S67D*
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 Trichostema micranthum Gray Coastal b l u ff scrub, valley and footh i l l
Colusa*, Merced, Riverside, San "small-flowered b l u ec u rls" Lam iaceae grassland (sometimes serpentinite);
Joaq u i n * , Sutter*; Texas, and elsewhere List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1 elevation S-41 S meters.
S4B, SSA, SSC, SSD, 402B, 403 0 * , Riverside, San Bernard i no; Baja California Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
4 6 2 D * , S30A* , S44C* , S4S B * , S4SC*,
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ Red iscovered i n 1 993 b y P . Con ners near
S 4 S D * , S46 D *
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation Occidental; only one plant fou n d , and
Meadows and seeps, marshes a n d 1 S 2 S-2300 meters. su bsequent su rveys i n 1 994- 1 99S u nsuc­
swamps, riparian scrub, vernal pools / cessfu l . Occurrence ( S02C) d i scovered i n
An nual herb, bloo m s J u ne-September.
alkal i n e ; elevation S-43S meters. 1 99 6 . H i storical habitat lost to urban iza­
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 2 ( 1 ): tion and agriculture. See Flora Franciscana,
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
34S ( 1 S7S) for original description. p. 2 7 ( 1 S 9 1 ) by E. Greene for original
Nearly extirpated in the Central Valley.
descri pti o n , and Fremontia 2 2 ( 2 ) :3-7
Habitat lost to agriculture and urban iza­
Trichostema ovatum Curran ( 1 994) for accou n t of redi scovery.
tion. Confusion persists, but plant is
probably native to Cal ifornia. Rare in "San Joaq u i n b l uecu rls" La m i aceae
Texas; perhaps more common i n north­ List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Trifolium andersonii ssp. beatleyae
ern Mexico. Perhaps best treated as a fu l l Considered but rejected: a synonym of T
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Tu lare
species d istinct from Texas plants. andersonii var. beatleyae; a common taxon
Chenopod scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassland ; el evation 6S-3 2 0 meters.
Trichodon cylindricus ( H edw. ) Trifolium andersonii Gray var.
An nual herb, bloom s J u ly-October.
Sch i m p. andersonii
Ditric haceae "An derson's cl over" Fabaceae
Trichostema rubisepalum Elmer
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
" H ernandez b l u ec u rls" La m i aceae
H u m boldt, Lake, Mendocino, Shasta; I nyo?, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta,
Idaho, Orego n , and elsewhere List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Si erra; Nevada, Oregon
Mariposa, Napa, San Benito, Tuol u m n e
S S 1 C, S S 2 D, 6S2A, 6S9C Great Basin scrub, lower montane co nif­
Broad leaved u pland forest, chaparral, cis­
Broadl eaved u pland forest, u pper erous forest, meadows and seeps, p i nyon
montane wood land, lower montane co nif­ and j u n iper wood land; elevation
montane coniferous forest / sandy,
erous forest, vernal pools / volcan ic or
exposed soi l , road banks; elevation 900-2440 meters.
serpentinite, gravelly; elevation 300-1 000
S0-1 SOO meters. Perennial herb, bl ooms J u ne-J u ly.
meters.
Moss. Does plant occ u r in I nyo Cou nty? See
Annual herb, blooms J u n e-August.
See Spec. Muse. p. 1 0 7 (1 S 0 1 ) for original Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
description, and CorRoll p. 3 6 (1 S56) for Arts and Sciences 6 : S 2 2 ( 1 S 6 S ) for origi­
revi sed nomenclature. Tridens pilosus nal descri ptio n , and Canadian journal of
See Erioneuron pilosum Botany 5 0 ( 1 0 ) : 1 9 9 6- 1 997 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for
taxo n o m i c treatment.
Trichostema austromontanum ssp.
austromontanum Trientalis arctica Hook.
Co nsidered but rejected: too common "arctic starflower" Prim u laceae
Trifolium bolanderi Gray
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 " Bo l a n d e r's clover" Fabaceae

Trichostema austromontanum Del Norte; Idaho, Orego n , and elsewhere List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Lewis ssp. compactum Lewis Fresno, Madera, Mariposa
723B, 740C
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps / 376A, 3 95 B, 395C, 3 9 6 D, 41 7A, 4 1 7B,
" H idden Lake b l u ec u rls" Lamiaceae
coastal ; el evation 0-1 S meters. 41 SA, 41 SC, 436D, 437A, 43 7B
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly. Lower m o ntane coni ferous forest,
Federal Threatened
mead ows and seeps, u pper m o ntane
Riverside Known in Cal i forn ia from only three
con i ferous forest / mesic; elevation
occurrences. Th reate ned by cattle graz­
S3C 207S-2 6 0 0 meters.
i ng and trampli ng. Sen sitive in I d aho.
U pper montane co n i ferous forest (sea­ See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0 : 3 3 3 Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
sonally submerged lake m argi ns); ( 1 9 6 6 ) for first California record s. Threatened by grazing and tra m p l i ng,
elevation 2400-26SO meters. and possibly threatened by logging. See
An nual herb, bloom s J u ly-September. Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
Trifolium amoenum Greene and Sciences 7:335 ( 1 S6S) for original
Known only from one occurrence at H id­
"sh owy I n d i an clover" Fabaceae descri pti on, and Madrano 40(3 ): 1 6 6- 1 73
den Lake in the San Jacinto Mtns. Threat­
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3 ( 1 9 9 3 ) for ecological d iscussion.
ened by recreational activities. See Brittonia
S:2SS ( 1 94S) for original description. Federal Endangered
Alameda*, Mendoc i n o * , Mari n , Napa*,
Santa Clara*, Solano* , Sonoma( * ? )
286 C N P S I N V E N TORY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Trifolium buckwestiorum lsely Trifolium gracilentum T & G var. Val ley and footh i l l grassland (mesic), ver­
nal pools; el evation 50-3 8 5 meters.
"Santa Cruz c l over" Fabaceae palmeri (Wats. ) L.F. McDermott
An nual herb, blooms April-M ay.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 "southern island c lover" Fabaceae
Known from o n l y seven occurrences.
Monterey, Santa Cruz, Sonoma List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Novon 8 : 9 1
365B, 3 6 6 D, 38 7E, 407D, 408C, 408D, Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island,
( 1 998) for origi nal descri pti o n .
4090, 5 0 2 0, 5 1 9 0 San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
Island, S a n N icolas Islan d ; Guadalupe
Broadleaved u pland forest, cismontane
woodland, coastal prariendangered mar­
Island ( M exico) Trifolium lemmonii Wats.
gins; elevatio n 1 05-6 1 0 meters. Coastal bl uff scrub, valley and footh i l l " Le m m o n 's clover" Fabaceae
grassl and; elevation 1 0- 1 80 meters. List 4 / RED 2-2-2
Annual herb, blooms April-October.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May. Nevada, Plu mas, Sierra; Nevada
Known from about ten very small occur­
rences; only one fu lly protected , others Rediscovered on Santa Catalina and Great Basin scrub, lower montane con i f­
threatened by land clearing and non­ San Nicolas islands in 1 978. Known on erous forest; elevation 1 5 00- 1 830 meters.
native plants. See Madroiio 3 9 ( 2 ) : 9 0 Anacapa Island. from one small occur­
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
( 1 9 9 2 ) for original descriptio n . rence discovered in 1 996. SeeProceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 1 : Threatened by development and agricul­
1 05-1 48 ( 1 876) for original description. tural conversion. See Proceedings ofthe
Trifolium dedeckerae G i llett American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 1 :
1 2 7 ( 1 876) for original description, Cana­
" DeDecker's clover" Fabaceae
Trifolium grayi dianjournal ofBotany 50: 1 975-2007 ( 1 972)
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Considered but rejected: a synonym of T for taxonomic treatment, and Four Seasons
I nyo, Kern, Mono, Tu lare barbigerum var. andrewsii; a common taxon 4:22-23 ( 1 974) for discussion ofrediscov­
283D, 3 06A, 307D, 329A, 3 2 9D, 3 5 2A, ery ( 1 972).
373D, 41 2A, 431 C, 43 1 D, 488A, 488 B
Trifolium gymnocarpon N utt. var.
Lower montane coniferous forest, p i ny­ Trifolium macilentum var.
plummerae (Wats. ) Marti n
on and j u n i pe r woodland, subalpine
" Pl u m m er's clover" Fabaceae
dedeckerae
con i ferous forest, u pper montane con i f­
See Trifolium dedeckerae
erous forest / gran itic, rocky; elevation List 2 / RED 2-1-1
2 1 00-3 500 meters. Lassen, Modoc, Sierra?; Arizo na, I d aho,
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Nevada, New Mexico, Orego n , Utah , Trifolium monoense
Wyom i ng, and elsewhere Co nsidered but rejected: too common; a
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly th reatened by m i n i ng 656A, 657B, 65 7C, 657D synonym of T andersonii var. beatleyae
and grazing. A synonym of T macilentum Great Basin scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per
var. dedeckerae i n TheJepson Manual. See woodland; elevation 1 500-1 920 meters. Trifolium palmeri
Madroiio 2 1 ( 7 ):451 -455 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for origi­ Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u n e. See Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
nal descriptio n .
Does plant occur i n Si erra County? See
Botany ofCalifornia 2 :440 ( 1 880) for origi­ Trifolium polyodon Greene
Trifolium depauperatum Desv var. nal descri ption, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
" Pacific G rove c l over" Fabaceae
hydrophilum (Greene) lsely ical Club 73( 4) : 3 6 8 ( 1 946) for revised
nomenclature, and Canadianjournal of List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
"sal i n e cl over" Fabaceae
Botany 50( 1 0) : 1 9 94- 1 995 ( 1 972) for tax­ State Rare
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
onomic treatment. Monterey
Alameda, Co lusa?, Monterey, Napa, San
Benito, Santa Clara, San Lu is Obispo, 366C, 3 6 6 0
San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma Trifolium howellii Wats. Closed-cone co niferous forest, coastal
246C, 385B, 385C, 386A, 386C, 387D, " H owe l l 's clover" Fabaceae prarie, mead ows and seeps, valley and
445 B, 446A, 448D, 465C, 466D, 48 1 B, List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 footh i l l grassland / mesic; elevation
483B, 498C, 499D, 500D*, 5 0 1 B, 502A*, 5-1 20 meters.
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
502B, 5 1 7D Annual herb, blooms April-J u n e.
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
Marshes and swamps, valley and footh i l l ows and seeps, upper montane coniferous Known from seven occurrences on the
grassland ( mesic, alka l i n e ) , vernal pools; forest / mesic; elevation 800-1 800 meters. Monterey and Pt. Lobos Pe n i n s u l as .
elevati on 0-300 meters. Seriously threatened b y u rban ization,
Pere n n i al herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne . recreati o n , foot traffic, and tram p l i ng.
A synonym ofT variegatum ( p hase 4) i n
M a n y sites l i kely extirpated; n e e d current
Trifolium jokerstii Vi ncent & R. TheJepson Manual, b u t appears t o b e d i s­
i nformation o n rarity and endangerment.
Morgan tinct. See Pittonia 3 : 2 1 5 ( 1 8 9 7 ) for origi­
Need q u ads for Colusa County. Threat­
nal descri pti o n .
ened by develop ment. See Manual ofthe " Butte County go l d e n cl over" Fabaceae
Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay, List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
p. 1 00 ( 1 894) for original descri pti o n ,
Butte
and Brittonia 3 2 ( 1 ) : 5 5 ( 1 980) for revised
nomenclature. 575C, 576C, 576D
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 287

Trillium rivale Known in Cal i forn i a from only two occur­

Trifolium trichocalyx H eller
rences i n Honey Lake Valley. See Proceed­
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
" M o nterey cl over" Fabaceae ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences 2 : 7 1
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 ( 1 863) for original descri ption, Contribu­
State Endangered/Federal Trimorpha acris ( L.) S. F. Gray var. tions from the U.S. National Herbarium 1 2 :
Endangered debilis (Gray) G. Nesom 328 ( 1 909) for revised nomenclature, and

Mo nterey
Brittonia 27( 4 ):328-347 ( 1 9 75) for taxo­
" n o rthern d a i sy" Asteraceae
n o m ic treatm ent
3 66C List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Closed-cone co niferous forest (sandy, Lassen, P l u m as, Shasta, Siskiyo u ; Ore­
openi ngs, bu rned areas); elevation gon, Wash i ngton, and el sewhere
Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torr. )
30-240 meters. Hook.
625A, 6 2 5 B , 626A, 642C, 643C, 698B,
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne . 713D "smal l-A owered sand-verbena"
Al p i n e boulder and rock fi e l d , meadows Nyctaginaceae
Known from only one occurrence from
the central portion of the Monterey and seeps, s u balpine con iferous forest / List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Pen i nsula. Fewer than 1 000 plants seen volcanic, rocky; elevation 1 830-2900 S a n Bernard ino; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
in 1 987, none i n 1 9 92, and only 2 2 i n meters. New Mexico, Wyoming, and elsewhere
1 9 95. Seriously threatened by u rban iza­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August. 1 76 B , 1 77A
tion and altered fire regi mes. Possible
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) : Desert d u n es, Mojavean desert scrub
hybri d . Appears to be a fire follower. See
2 2 0 ( 1 884) for origi nal description, a n d (sandy); elevatio n 550-855 meters.
Muhlenbergia 1 :55 ( 1 904) for original
descri pti o n .
Phytologia 67( 1 ) : 6 1 -66 ( 1 989) for taxo­ Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
nomic treatment.
Known in California only from near Kelso.
Triglochin palustris L. Possibly threatened by grazing. See Britto­
Triphysaria floribunda ( Benth . ) nia 27( 4): 3 2 8-347 ( 1 975) for taxonomic
" m arsh arrow-grass" Ju ncagi naceae Ch uang & Heckard treatment.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
"San Francisco owl's-clover"
Inyo, Mono, Tulare; Idaho, N evada, New
Scro p h u lariaceae Triquetrella californica ( Lesq . )
Mexico, Utah, Washi ngto n , and elsewhere
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Grout
330A, 3 3 1 A, 3 5 2A, 4 1 4B
Mari n , San Francisco, San Mateo Pottiaceae
Meadows and seeps, marshes a n d
448 B, 448C, 466C, 485A, 485B, 485C, List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
swamps (freshwater), subal pine conifer­
485D, 502C Contra Costa, Mendoci n o, San Diego,
ous forest / mesic; elevation 2 2 85-3700
meters. Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and San Francisco; Oregon
footh i l l grassland / usually serpenti n ite;
Perenni al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms 2 1 B, 464C, 466C, 585D
el evati o n 1 0- 1 60 meters.
J u ly-August. Coastal b l u ff scrub, coastal scrub / soi I;
An nual herb, blooms April-J u n e .
Known in California from fewer than ten elevati on 1 0- 1 00 meters.
occurrences. Threatened b y grazing a n d trampli ng. See
Moss.
Systematic Botany 1 6( 4): 644-666 ( 1 9 9 1 )
Known in Cal i forn ia from fewer than ten
for revised nomenclature.
Triglochin striata small coastal occurrences, and in in Ore­
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon gon from only one occurrence. Threat­
Triphysaria versicolor ssp. ened by u rbanizatio n . See Mem. Calif
faucibarbara Acad. 1 : 3 0 ( 1 868) for origi nal descrip­
Trillium kurabayashii Considered but rejected: too common tion, and Moss. Fl. N.A. 3 : 2 0 1 ( 1 934) fo r
Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of T revised n omenclat u re.
angustipetalum; a common taxon
Tripterocalyx crux-maltae ( Kel l . )
Stan d i . Triteleia clementina Hoov.
Trillium ovatum Purs h . ssp.
"San Clem ente I s l a n d triteleia" Li l iaceae
oettingeri M u nz & Thorne " Kel l ogg's san d -verben a " Nyctaginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
"Salmon M o u ntai n s wakero b i n " Li liaceae San Clemente Island
Lassen; Nevada
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 SCMC, SCMS
602A, 620D
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (rocky);
Great Basin scrub (partially or fu lly stabi­
Lower montane co niferous forest, ripari­ el evation 1 00-445 meters.
lized sand d u nes); elevati on 1 200- 1 500
an scrub, u pper montane coniferous for­
est I mesic; el evation 855-2000 meters.
meters. Perennial herb ( b u l b ifero us), blooms
March-Apri l .
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Perenni al herb, blooms February-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occ u r­
Logging and grazing may th reaten o n rences. Feral herb ivores removed from
private land i n eastern part of range. San Clemente Island, a n d vegetation
Klamath NF h as adopted species man­ recovering.
agement gu i d e l i nes. See Aliso 8: 1 5- 1 7
( 1 9 73 ) for origi nal descri pti o n .
288 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Triteleia crocea (A.W. Wood) Peren nial herb ( b u l bifero us), blooms Butte, Fresno*, G l e n n , Madera*,
Green e var. crocea M ay-J u ly. Merced, Shasta, San Joaq u i n * , Stanis­
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Pittonia laus*, Tehama, Tu lare*
"ye l l ow triteleia" Lil iaceae
1 : 1 64 ( 1 888) for original description. 333A* , 378C*, 378D*, 400B, 4000*,
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 420C, 42 1 A, 421 D, 44 1 A* , 44 1 B* ,
Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyo u , Tri n ity; 441 C*, 442A* , 460B*, 460C*, 560B,
O regon
Triteleia ixioides (Wats. ) Greene
562B, 576B, 593B, 594A, 66 1 C
Lower montane coniferous forest
ssp. cookii ( Hoov. ) Lenz
Vernal pools; e levation 3 0- 1 070 meters.
(gran itic or serpenti nite); elevation "Cook's triteleia" Li l i aceae
An nual herb, blooms M ay-September.
1 2 00-2000 meters. List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Threatened by agriculture, urbanizati on,
Perenn ial herb ( b u l bi ferous), blooms Monterey, San Luis Obispo
and overgrazing. See Botanical Gazette
May-J u n e.
270B, 270C, 2 7 1 A, 272A, 296D 1 6 : 1 46 ( 1 89 1 ) for original description,
On watch list i n Orego n . and Americanjournal ofBotany 69: 1 082-
Closed-cone co niferous forest, cismon­
tane woodland / serpenti n ite seeps; 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment.
Triteleia crocea (A.W. Wood ) elevation 1 5 0-500 meters.

Greene var. modesta ( H a l l ) Hoov. Perenn ial herb ( b u l b ifero us), blooms Tuctoria mucronata (Cram pt.) J .
May-J u n e . Reeder
"Tri n i ty M o u ntai n s triteleia" Li l i aceae
S e e Aliso 8 ( 8 ) : 2 73 ( 1 975) for revised
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 "Crampto n 's tuctoria o r Solano grass"
nomenclature.
Sh asta, Siskiyou, Tri nity Poaceae

Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­

List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
penti n ite); elevation 1 2 00-2000 meters.
Triteleia lugens G reene State Endangered/Federal
Pere n n ial herb ( b u l b iferous), blooms " d ark- mouthed triteleia" Li l iaceae Endangered
May-J u n e. List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 Solano, Yo lo

Known only from the Tri n ity Mtns. Lake, Monte rey, Napa, San Benito, 497B, 498D
Solano, Sonoma Val ley and footh i l l grassland ( m esic), ver­
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, nal pools; el evation 5-1 0 meters.
Triteleia dudleyi
lower montane co niferous fo rest; Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Considered but rejected : too common
el evation 1 00- 1 00 0 meters.
Known from only three occurrences: one
Perennial herb ( b u l b i ferous), blooms at Olcott Lake at Jepson Prairie Preserve,
Triteleia gracilis April-J u n e . one nearby on private land, and one
Consid ered but rejected: too c o m m o n ; Related to T ixioides; needs fu rther study. south of Davis o n DOD land. Only fou r
a synonym of T montana See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ plants found a t Jepson Prairie i n 1 9 93,
ences 2(6): 1 42 ( 1 886) for original descrip­ and none i n 1 994-1 996, 1 9 98, 2000.
Triteleia grandiflora Li n d i . ssp. tion, and American Midland Naturalist 25: Possibly threatened by non-native plants.
87-88 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment. See Madrano 1 5 ( 4): 1 06- 1 08 ( 1 9 59) for
howellii (Wats. ) Hoov.
o riginal description, and Americanjournal
" H owe l l ' s triteleia" Li l i aceae ofBotany 69: 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 9 8 2 ) for
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Triteleia versicolor revised taxo nomy.
Considered but rejected: a steri l e hybrid
Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon, Wash i ngton ,
of T ixiodes ssp. ixiodes and T hyacinthina
a n d el sewhere Twisselmannia californica
677A, 7 1 1 B, 730A, 732B, 732C Al-Sheh baz
Tropidocarpum capparideum
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
Greene " Ki n gs go l d " Brassicaceae
woodland; elevation 700- 1 5 00 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Pere n n ial herb ( b u l b iferous), blooms "caper-fruited tropidocarp u m " Brassicaceae
Ki ngs
April -J u ne . List 1A
290D
Known i n Cal i forn ia from o n l y three Alameda * , Contra Costa* , G l e n n * ,
occurrences. Threatened by p i p e l i n e Mo nterey* , Santa Clara*, S a n Joaq u i n * Chenopod scrub; elevation 65 m eters.
con structi o n . S e e
Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ 3 1 8C*, 4 2 8 B * , 4 2 8 D * , 444B*, 445A*, Annual herb, blooms March.
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 4: 3 0 1 445 B * , 463A*, 463C*, 463 D * , 464B*, Known from only one occurrence near
( 1 8 7 9 ) for origi nal descri ption, a n d 578C* Kettleman City; fewer than 5 0 p lants as
American Midland Naturalist 2 5 : 8 0 ( 1 94 1 ) Val l ey and footh i l l grassland ( a l ka l i n e of 1 99 9 . Not in TheJepson Manual. Threat­
for revised nomen clature. ened by development. See Navan 9 (2 ) : 1 33
h i lls); elevation 1 -455 meters.
( 1 999) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Triteleia hendersonii Wats. var. Last seen i n 1 957. Attem pts t o rediscover
hendersonii this plant have been unsuccessfu l . Utricularia intermedia Hayne
" H en derson's triteleia" Li l i aceae "fiat-leaved bladderwort" Le ntibu lariaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 Tuctoria greenei (Vasey) J . Reeder List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Siskiyou; Oregon Butte, Fresno, Modoc, Plu mas, Tulare;
"Greene's tuctoria" Poaceae
735B, 736A, 736C? I d aho, Nevada, Utah, Washi ngto n , and
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
elsewhere
Cismontane wood land; el evation State Rare/Federal Endangered
760- 1 200 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 289

396B, 4 1 SC, 4 1 6C, S88C, S88D, S9 1 A, Shrub (decid uous), blooms J u n e-August. Vancouveria chrysantha Greene
607C, 624B, 624C, 62SA, 6 2 S B , 62SD, Move to List 4? Taxo n o m i c work i n " Siskiyou i n s i d e-out-A ower" Berberidaceae
69SD progress. H o w com m o n is t h i s taxon i n
List 4 / RED 2-1 -2
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps Orego n ? See V membranaceum i n TheJep­
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
( mesic), marshes and swamps ( l ake mar­ son Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­
gins); elevation 1 2 00-2700 meters. cal Society of Washington 3 1 : 7 S-78 ( 1 9 1 8 ) Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
fo r origi nal descri pti o n . forest / serpenti n ite; elevation 1 2 0-1 SOO
Perennial herb (stoloniferous, aquatic,
meters.
carnivorous), blooms J u ly-August.
Vaccinium deliciosum Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Need q u ads fo r Tu lare Cou nty. State­
June.
l i sted as Sensitive in Wash i ngto n . See Considered but rejected: not in California
Madrofio 2 2 ( 2 ) : 74-84 ( 1 9 7 3 ) fo r taxo­ On watch list i n Oregon .
n o m i c treatm ent.
Vaccinium scoparium Lei b.
Venegasia carpesioides
" l i ttle-l eaved h u ckleberry" Ericaceae
Utricularia minor L. Co nsidered but rejected: too co m mon
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
" lesser bladd erwort" Le ntibu lariaceae
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Wash i ng­
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 ton, and el sewhere Veratrum fimbriatum Gray
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Lassen , Modoc, "fringed false- hel lebore" Li l i aceae
682B, 684C, 685D, 701 C, 702B, 7 1 9C,
Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Tehama,
739C List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Tulare, Tuolum ne; Arizona, Idaho, Neva­
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky); Mendocino, Sonoma
da, Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngton , and
elsewhere elevation 1 800-2200 meters. Bogs and fens, coastal scrub, meadows
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-Augu st. and seeps, North Coast coniferous forest /
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
mesic; elevation S- 1 80 m eters.
( assorted shal low freshwater); elevation SeeContributions from the U.S. National
800-2 900 meters. Herbarium S ( 2 ):87- 1 08 ( 1 897) for origi­ Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.

Perennial herb (stolon iferous, aquatic, nal description.

carn ivorous), bloo m s J u ly. Veratrum insolitum Jeps.
Endangered in Orego n . See Madrofio Vaccinium uliginosum ss p . "Siskiyou false-hellebore" Li l iaceae
2 2 ( 2 ) : 74-84 ( 1 9 7 3 ) for taxo n o m i c occidentale List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
treatment. Considered but rejected: too common Del Norte, H u m boldt, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tri nity; Orego n, Washi ngton
Utricularia ochroleuca Hartm. Vaccinium uliginosum ss p . Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
"cream -Aowered bladderwort" uliginosum forest / clay; elevation 4S- 1 635 meters.
Lenti bu lariaceae Considered but rejected: not confirmed Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 in Cal iforn ia, but plants from Big Lagoon
State-l isted as Sensitive in Wash i ngton .
P l u mas; Orego n , Wash i ngton, and ( H u m boldt Cou nty) may be this taxon
elsewhere
Veratrum viride
624C Vahlodea atropurpurea
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon
Meadows and seeps ( m esic), marshes See Deschampsia atropurpurea
and swamps ( l a ke margi ns); el evation
1 43S- 1 440 meters. Verbena californica Mold .
Valeriana occidentalis H e l ler
Pere n n i a l herb (stoloniferous), blooms "Cal iforn ia verva i n " Verbenaceae
J u n e-J u ly. "western va leri a n " Valerianaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Known in Cal i forn i a only from one occur­ State Threatened/Federal
rence at Last Chance Marsh at Lake Modoc; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
Threatened
Almanor. Not in TheJepson Manual. See gon, Utah, Wyomi ng, and e lsewhere
Tuo l u m ne
Madrofio 4 S ( 2 ) : 1 84- 1 8S ( 1 998) for first 724C, 7 2 S D
California occurrence. 4S8B, 4S8C, 4S9D
Lower montane con i ferous forest
( m esic); elevation 1 S00-1 800 meters. Cismontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
grassland / mesic, usually serpenti nite
Vaccinium coccineum Piper Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
seeps or creeks; elevation 260-400 meters.
J u n e-August.
"Siskiyou Mou ntains h uckleberry" Ericaceae Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
List 3 / RED 2-1 -? Known i n Cal i fornia only from the Warn­
er Mtns. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Known from ten occu rrences in the
Butte, Plumas, Sie rra, Siskiyou, Yuba; Red H i l l s. Threatened by grazing, m i n­
Oregon
Club 2 S : 269 ( 1 898) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical i ng, development, recreati o n , and veh i ­
S72C, S74A, S74B, S74C, S74D, S89B, Garden 38:41 S-4 1 7 ( 1 9 S 1 ) for taxonom­ cles. Protected i n part a t Red H i l l s
S89D, S 9 0A, S 9 0 B, S90C, S90D, S91 D, ACEC ( B L M ) .
ic treatm ent.
70 1 C, 7 1 9C, 721 B, 721 C, 736C, 737A,
737C, 738A
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane co n i ferous forest / often ser­
penti nite; elevation 1 09S-2 1 3 S meters.
290 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Verbesina d issita Gray Viguiera laciniata Gray Known in California from only two occur­
rences at Lake Earl and Pt. St. George.
"crown beard " Asteraceae "San Diego County viguiera" Asteraceae
Status in Oregon needs clarification.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2 List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Threatened by development. Not i n The
State Threatened/Federal Orange, San Di ego; Baja Californ ia, Jepson Manual. See Madrano 40 ( 2 ) : 1 3 5
Threatened Sonora ( M exico) ( 1 993) for fi rst California record .
Orange; Baja California Chaparra l , coastal scrub; elevation
70C, 7 1 D 60-750 meters. Viola palustris L.
Chaparral ( mariti m e ) , coastal scrub; Shrub, blooms February-J u ne .
" m arsh violet" Vio l aceae
elevation 45-2 0 5 meters. Loca l l y co m m o n . Threate ned by List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. development.
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­
Known in California from o n l y two gon, Washi ngton, and el sewhere
occurrences near southern Laguna Viguiera reticulata 569A, 672C, 689A, 740C
Beac h . Threatened by u rbanization Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Coastal scrub (mesic), bogs and fens
and fuel break clearing.
(coastal); elevation 0- 1 50 meters.
Viola adunca var. kirkii Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Veronica copelandii Eastw. Considered but rejected : a synonym o f V March-August.
"Copeland's speedwe l l " Scro p h u l ari aceae adunca; a common taxon Known in Californ ia from only fou r occur­
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 rences; often overlooked and rarely col­
Siskiyou, Tri n ity Viola aurea Kel l . l ected . See Madrano 1 7( 6 ) : 1 73- 1 97
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Meadows and seeps, subal p i n e co n i fe r­ "go l d e n violet" Vio laceae
ous forest / serpentinite; elevation List 2 / RED 2-2-1
2 2 2 5-2590 meters. Viola pinetorum Green e ssp. grisea
Kern, Mono, San Bernard i no, San Diego,
Pere n n ial herb, blooms August. Sierra; Nevada
U eps. ) R.j . Little
See Botanical Gazette 41 : 288 ( 1 906) for 49C, 1 3 3C, 2 1 1 C, 243D, 488D, 5 70A "grey-leaved violet" Violaceae
original descri pti o n . List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land / sandy; el evation 1 000- 1 800 Fresno, Kern, San Bernard i no, Tulare
Veronica cusickii Gray meters. 1 0 5A, 1 3 1 D, 2 1 3 B, 306B, 329C, 330D,
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne . 41 5C
" C u sick's speedwe l l " Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1 Rarely collected. Probably m o r e com mon Meadows and seeps, subal pine co n i fe r­
i n Nevada. Threatened by grazing. See ous forest, u pper montane co n i ferous
Alpine, Amador, Madera, Mariposa,
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofNat­ forest; elevation 1 5 00-3400 meters.
Placer, Si erra, Tuo l u mne; Oregon, Wash­
ington, and e lsewhere ural Sciences 2 : 1 85 ( 1 86 2 ) for original Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
descri ption, and Madrano 1 2 ( 1 ):8- 1 8
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d , mead ows Known from approximately ten occur­
( 1 953) for taxonomic treatment.
and seeps, subal pine con i ferous forest, rences; rarely collected . Needs more
u pper montane coniferous forest; field su rveys. Threatened by grazing and
elevation 2 1 3 5-3000 meters. Viola cuneata trampli ng. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ) : 5 2 1
Considered but rejected: too common ( 1 936) b y W.L. Jepson for original descrip­
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August.
tion, and Phytologia 72(2):77-78 ( 1 99 2 )
for revised nomenclature.
Viburnum ellipticum H oo k. Viola hallii
Considered but rejecte d : too co mmon
"oval-l eaved vi b u rn u m " Caprifo l iaceae Viola primulifolia L. ssp.
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 occidentalis (Gray) L. E. McKi n ney &
Contra Costa, Fresno, El Dorado, Glenn, Viola lanceolata ss p . occidentalis R.J . Little
H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Napa, Shasta, See Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Sonoma; Oregon, Washington "western bog violet" Vio l aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
3 9 7C, 464B(* ?), 464C( * ? ), 464D, 465A, Viola langsdorfii ( Rege l ) Fisc h .
465B, 499C, 500C, 5 0 1 A, 5 1 0A, 5 1 7C, Del Norte; Oregon
53 5A, 550D, 567B, 583B, 600A, 600C, " Langsdorf's violet" Violaceae
739A, 739B, 739C, 740A, 740D
6 1 6C, 600C, 600D, 63 1 A, 646B List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Bogs and fens (serpentinite), marshes
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower Del Norte; Orego n * , Washi ngto n * , and
and swamps; el evation 1 00-990 meters.
montane co n i ferous forest; elevation elsewhere
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
2 1 5- 1 400 meters. 740C
Apri 1-Septem ber.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne. Bogs and fens (coastal); elevation 2-1 0 Threatened by m i n i ng, logging, road
Need quads for Glenn Co unty. meters.
constructi o n , and veh i cles. Candidate
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly. for state l isting in Orego n . See Botanical
Gazette 1 1 : 2 55 ( 1 8 86) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 7 2 ( 2 ) : 7 9
( 1 9 9 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 291

Viola tomentosa Baker & Clausen Woodsia plummerae Lem mo n Xylorhiza cognata ( Ha l l ) T.j .
"wo o l ly violet" Vio l aceae " P l u m mer's woodsia" Dryopteridaceae Watson
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 List 2 I RED 3-1-1 "M ecca-aster" Asteraceae
El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sierra San Bernard i no ; Arizon a , Baja Cal i for­ List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Lower montane con i ferous forest, sub­ n i a, New Mexico, Sonora ( M exico), and I m perial, Riverside
alpine con i ferous forest, upper montane elsewhere
46D, 62C, 63A, 63B, 63C, 64A, 64B,
con i ferous forest / grave lly; e levation 225D 64D, 8 1 C, 82C, 82D
1 43 5-2000 meters. Pi nyon and j u n iper wood land (granitic, Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 20-260
Perennial herb, blooms May-October. rocky); elevation 1 600-2000 meters. meters.
Threatened by road building, vehicles, Perennial herb ( rh izomatou s), ferti l e Pere n n i a l herb, blooms Jan uary-J u ne .
logging, and proposed reservo i r construc­ May-September.
Known mostly from I n dio H i l l s and
tion in national forests. See Leaflets of See Botanical Gazette 7:6 ( 1 882) for origi­ Mecca H i l l s . Threatened by vehicles. See
Western Botany 5 : 1 42 ( 1 949) for original nal description, and Madrano 2 2 (4):378 Brittonia 2 9 : 1 99-2 1 6 ( 1 977) for revised
description, and Madrano 1 7( 6 ) : 1 73-1 9 7 ( 1 974) and 2 6 ( 1 ) : 5 6 ( 1 978) for d i stribu­ nomenclature and descri pti o n .
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment. tional i n fo rmation.

Washingtonia filifera Xylorhiza orcuttii (Vasey & Rose)

Wyethia elata Hall Greene
Consid ered but rejected: too common
" H a l l 's wyethia" Asteraceae
"Orcutt's woody-aster" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Wislizenia refracta Enge l m . ssp. Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
I m peri a l , Riverside, San Diego; Baja
refracta Cismontane woodland, lower montane Ca l ifornia
"jackass-clover" Capparaceae coniferous forest; elevation 1 000- 1 400
1 8A, 1 8 B, 1 8C, 3 1 A, 3 1 B, 3 1 C, 3 1 D,
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 meters.
32A, 3 3 D, 46C, 46D, 6 2 B
Riversi de, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, New Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 20-365
Mexico, Texas
meters.
77C, 1 0 2A, 1 28C Wyethia invenusta Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Desert d u nes, Mojavean desert scrub, Considered but rejected : too common Threate ned b y vehicles.
playas, Sonoran desert scrub; el evation
600-800 meters.
Wyethia longicaulis Gray Yucca baccata
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-November.
" H u mboldt C o u n ty wyeth ia" Asteraceae Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Wolffia arrhiza
H u m boldt, Mendocino, Tri n ity Zausch neria septentrionalis
Considered but rejected: Probably not
native in California Broad leaved upland forest, coastal prarie, See Epilobium septentrionale
lower montane coniferous forest; elevation
750- 1 525 meters.
Wolffia brasiliensis Wed d . Zigadenus fremontii var. inezianus
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
"Col u m bian watermea l " Lemnaceae
synonym of Z. fremontii
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1 Wyethia reticulata Greene
Butte; and el sewhere
" El Dorado Cou nty m u l e ears" Asteraceae Zigadenus micranthus Eastw. var.
5 6 1 D, 577B, S77C
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 fontanus ( Eastw. ) D. McNeal
Marshes and swamps (assorted shal low
El Dorado
freshwater); elevation 30- 1 00 meters. " m arsh zigad e n us" Li l iaceae
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 5 2 6C, 5 2 7 D List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Perennial herb (aquatic), blooms
April-December. Chaparra l , cismontane wood land, lower Lake, Mendocino, Monterey, Mari n ,
montane con i ferous forest / clay or gab­ Napa, San Benito, Santa Cruz, San Lu is
Known in California only from a few
broic; elevation 1 8S-630 meters. Obispo, San Mateo, Sonoma
occu rrences along the Sacramento River.
See Madrano 3 6 ( 4): 283-286 ( 1 989) for Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
first Cal iforn ia occurrence. Threatened by developm ent and veh icles. montane con i ferous forest, mead ows
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ and seeps, marshes and swampspecies
ences 1 : 9 ( 1 884) for original description. vern ally mesic, often serpenti n ite;
Woodsia oregana elevation 1 5-980 meters.
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Perennial herb ( b u l biferous), blooms
April-J u ly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 2 :41 ( 1 937)
for original description, and Phytologia
73 (4):307-3 1 1 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
 M a p a n d Li st of USGS 7. 5 ' Q u ad ra n gl e M a p s
[ APPEN D IX I

his index to 7.5 m i n ute topographic q uadrangle m aps general ly conforms to the quad code system used by the
Department of Water Resources; the quad names are those used by the U.S. Geological Survey. Two lists are inclu ded
below, the fi rst sorted by quad code, the second by quad name.
There has been some confusion regarding the names of certain 7.5 m i n ute quads: the 1 9 93 USGS California Index to Topographic
Map Coverage indicates a preferred name for future map updates, b ut current actual maps indicate a different name. I n these few
cases we h ave listed the name on our current maps and i ndicated the alternative Index name in parentheses; it is probably best to
order maps by the latter name. Also, there are apparently 20 quadrangles lacking maps at the 7.5 m i n ute scale, and we under­
stand that the USGS h as no i m m ediate plans to produce them. For these q uads we have indicated the 1 5 m inute map name
and q uadrant ( N E, NW, SW, SE), along with the provisional name, now obsolete, previously used for that 7.5 m i n ute q uad.
We use a unique q u ad code system for the California islands; the first three d igits of each code m atch the island code given
on the inside front cover.

Quad rangle Codes

ANAC Anacapa Island 003 B M i dway Wel l NW 0 1 3C Cactus 021 C El Caj o n

FARA Fara l l o n Islands 004A Bonds Corner 0 1 3 D Ogi l by 021 D Alpine
SBRA Santa Barbara I s l a n d 004B Calexico 0 1 4A Glamis 0 2 2A Poway
SCMC San C l e m ente Island 005A H eber 0 1 4B G l a m i s NW 022B Del M a r
Central 005B M o u n t Signal 0 1 4C G l a m i s SW 022C LaJolla
S C M N S a n Clem ente Island 006A Yu h a Basin 0 1 4D Glamis S E 022D La Mesa
N o rth 006B Coyote Wel l s 0 1 5A Ho ltvi l l e N E 025B Picacho NW
SCMS San Clem ente Island 007A l n -ko-pah Gorge 0 1 5B Alamori o 025C Picacho SW
South 007C J ac u m ba 0 1 5C Ho ltvi l l e West 025D Picac h o
SCTE Santa Cata l i n a East 008A Live Oak Spri ngs 015D Holtvi l l e East 0 2 6A Buzzards Peak
S CTN Santa Cata l i n a N o rth 008B Cameron Corners 0 1 6A Brawley 026B Mt. Barrow
SCTS Santa Cata l i n a South 008C Campo 016B Brawley NW 0 2 6C Gables Wash
SCTW Santa Cata l i n a West 008D Tierra Del Sol 0 1 6C Seeley 0 2 6 D Q uartz Peak
SCZA Santa Cruz Island A 009A M o re n a Reservoi r 0 1 6 D E l Centro 0 2 7A B l u e M o u nta i n
SCZB Santa Cruz Island B 009B Barrett Lake 0 1 7A S u perstition M t n . 027B M a m moth Wash
sczc Santa Cruz Island C 009C Tecate 0 1 7B Plaster City NW 027C Aco l ita
SCZD Santa Cruz I sland D 009 D Potrero 0 1 7C Painted Gorge 027D East Of Acolita
SMIE San M igu e l Isla n d East 0 1 0A D u l z u ra 0 1 7D Plaster City 028A Tortuga
S M IW San M iguel Island West 0 1 0 B J a m u l M o u ntai ns 0 1 8A Carrizo Mtn . N E 028B I ris
SNIC S a n N i colas Island 0 1 0C Otay Mesa 0 1 8B Arroyo Tapiado 028C Wiest
S RO E Santa Rosa I s l a n d East 0 1 0 D Otay Mou ntain 0 1 8C Sweeney Pass 028D Amos
S RON Santa Rosa I s l a n d 01 1 A National City 0 1 8 D Carrizo Mtn . 029A N i land
N o rth 01 1 B Point Loma 0 1 9A Agua Caliente Springs 029B Obsi d i an Butte
S ROS Santa Rosa Island 01 1 D I m perial Beach 0 1 9B M o n u m e n t Peak 029C Cali patria SW
South 01 1 E I m perial Reservo i r 0 1 9C M o u n t Laguna ( =Westmorland West)
S ROW Santa Rosa Island West 01 1 F Lagu na Dam 0 1 9 D Som brero Peak 0 2 9 D Westm orland
0 1 2A Little Picacho Peak 0 2 0A Cuyamaca Peak (=Westmorland East)
0 0 1 A Yu m a East 012B Picacho Peak 020B Tu l e S p rings 0 3 0A Kan e S p ri ng N E

001 B Yu m a West 0 1 2 C Araz 020C Viejas M o u n ta i n 030B K a n e S p ri ng N W

002A G rays Well NE 012D Bard 020D Descanso 030C H arpers Well
002B G rays Well 0 1 3A H ed ges 021A E l Cajon Mtn . 0 3 0 D K a n e S p ri n g
003A M idway Well 0 1 3B Clyde 021 B San Vicente Reservoi r 03 1 A S h e l l Reef

293
294 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

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296 A P PE N DI X I : LIST O F Q UADRA N G L E MA P S

03 1 B Borrego Mou ntain 049A Agu anga 068B Ro m o l a n d 085A El Casco

03 1 C Harper Canyo n 049B Vail Lake 068C M u rrieta 085B S u n nymead
03 1 D Borrego Mou ntain S E 049C Boucher H i l l 068D Bachelor Mtn. 085C Perris
032A Borrego S i n k 049 D Palomar Observatory 069A Lake Elsin ore 085D Lakeview
032B Tu bb Canyon 0 5 0A Pec h anga 069B Alberh i l l 086A Rivers i d e East
032C Earthqu ake Va l l ey 050B Te m e c u l a 069C S i tton Peak 086B Rivers i d e West
0 3 2 D Whale Peak 0 5 0C Bonsall 0 6 9 D W i l d o mar 086C Lake Mathews
033A Ranch ita 050D Pala 070A Santiago Peak 0 8 6 D Steele Peak
033B Warners Ra nch 051 A Fa l l brook 070B E l Toro 087 A Coro n a N o rth
033C Santa Ysabel 051 B M argarita Peak 070C San J uan Cap istra n o 087B Prado Dam
0 3 3 D J u l ian 051 C Las Pu lgas Canyon 0 7 0 D Canada Gobernadora 0 8 7C Black Star Canyon
034A Mesa G ra n d e 051 D M o rro H i l l 0 7 1 A Tu sti n 0 8 7 D Coro n a South
034B Rod r i q u ez M t n . 0 52A San Clem ente 071 B Newport Beach 088A Yorba Li n d a
0 3 4 C San Pasq ual 052B Dana Poi n t 071 D Lagu n a Beach 088B La H abra
034D Ram o n a 0 5 2 D S a n On ofre Bl u ff 0 72 A Seal Beach 088C Anah e i m
035A Valley Center 0 5 8A Blythe N E 073A San Ped ro 0 8 8 D Orange
035B San M arcos 058B McCoy Wash 0 74 B Poston 089A Whittier
035C Ra n c h o Santa Fe 0 5 8C Ripley 075A Big Maria Mts. N E 089 B South Gate
035D Esco n d i d o 058D Blythe 075B B i g Maria Mts. NW 089C Long Beach
0 3 6A San L u i s Rey 058E La Paz M t n . 075C Big M aria Mts. SW 089 D Los Alam itos
036B Oceanside 0 5 9A McCoy Peak 075D Big Maria Mts. S E 0 9 0A I nglewood
036D Encin itas 059B McCoy Spring 0 7 6 A Styx 090B Ven i ce
040A M u l e Wash 059C Hopkins We l l 076B Little Maria Mts . 090C Redo n d o Beach
040B Palo Verde 059D Roosevelt M i n e 076C Arl i ngton M i n e 0 9 0 D To rrance
040C Ci bola 0 6 0A Ford Dry Lake 0 7 6 D I nca 0948 Cross Roads
04 1 A Th u m b Peak 060B S i d ewi n d e r Wel l 077 A Palen Pass 095A Parker
04 1 B Wil eys We l l 0 6 0C Aztec M i nes 077B West Of Palen Pass 095B Parker NW
041 C West O f Palo Verde Peak 060D East Of Aztec M i nes 077C Palen Lake 095C Parker SW
041 D Palo Verde Peak 061 A Corn Spring 077D Palen Mou ntains 095D Parker S E
042A Little Ch uckwal l a Mts. 061 B Desert Center 078A Coxcomb Mts. 096A Vi dal J u nctio n
042B Chuckwal l a Spring 061 C Red Cloud Canyon 078B Pi nto We l l s 096B Vidal NW
042C Pegleg Well 061 D P i l ot M o u n ta i n 0 7 8 C Victory Pass 096C Gro m met
042 D Little Mule Mts. 062A Hayfi e l d S pring 078D East OfVictory Pass 0 9 6 D Vidal
043A August i n e Pass 062B Hayfi e l d 079A Placer Canyon 0 9 7A H o rn Spring
043 B I ri s Pass 062C Red Canyon 079B San Bernard i n o Wash 097B Sablon
043C I ri s Wash 0 6 2 D East Of Red Canyon 079C Conej o We l l 097C Arica M o u ntains
043 D Lion H ead M t n . 063A Cottonwood Spring 0 7 9 D Buzzard Spring 097D Rice
044A Fri n k N E 063B Cottonwood Basi n 080A Pi nto M o u n ta i n 098A D a n by Lake
044B Fri n k N W 063C M o rt m ar 080B Fried Liver Wash 098B I ron M o u ntai n s
044C Fri n k 0 6 3 D Orocopia Canyon 080C Wash i ngton Wash 098C G ra n i te Pass
044D Wister 064A Thermal Canyon 080D Porcu p i n e Wash 098D East Of G ra n i te Pass
045A D u rm i d 064B Indio 08 1 A M a lapai H i l l 099A Cad iz Valley N E
045 B Salton 064C Val e ri e 081 B Keys View 099B Cad iz Val l ey NW
045C Truckhaven 064D Mecca 081 C West Berdoo Canyon 099C Cad iz Valley SW
045 D D u rm i d S E 0 6 5A La Q u i nta 081 D Rockhouse Canyon 0 9 9 D Cad iz Va l l ey S E
046A Oasis 065B Ran c h o M i rage 082A East Deception Canyon 1 OOA East O f Dale Lake
046B Rabbit Peak 0 6 5 C Toro Peak 082 B Seven Pal ms Valley 1 OOB Dale Lake
046C Fonts Poi nt 065D Mart i n ez M t n . 082C Cathedral City 1 OOC New Dale
046D Seventeen Pal m s 0 6 6A P a l m View Peak 082 D Myo m a 1 O O D Clarks Pass
047A Clark Lake N E 066B l dyllwi l d 083A Desert H o t Spri ngs 1 01 A East OfVa l l ey M t n .
047B Co l l i n s Val l ey 0 6 6 C Anza 083 B White Water 1 01 B Valley M t n .
047C Borrego Palm Canyon 066D Butterfly Peak 083C San J aci nto Peak 1 0 1 C Twentyn i n e Pal m s M t n .
047D Clark Lake 067 A Blackb u rn Canyon 083 D Palm Spri ngs 1 01 D H u m bug Mou ntain
048A Bucksnort M t n . 067B H e m et 084A Cabazon 1 02A Twentyn i n e P a l m s
048 B Beauty M o u nta i n 0 6 7C Sage 084B Beau mont 1 02 B S u nfair
048C Warner Spri ngs 0 6 7 D Cah u i l l a M t n . 084C S a n J aci nto 1 02 C I n d ia n Cove
048 D H ot Spri ngs M t n . 0 6 8 A Wi nch ester 084D Lake F u l m o r 1 02 D Queen M t n .
 APPENDIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 297

1 03A Jos h u a Tree North 1 2 3A M o h awk Spring 1 3 7A Agua D u lce 1 S3A Ash H i l l
1 03 B Yucca Val ley North 1 23 B West O f M o h awk 1 3 7B M i nt Canyon 1 53 B Lu d low
1 0 3 C Yucca Valley South Spri ng 1 3 7C San Fernando 1 53 C M o rgans Well
1 03 D Joshua Tree South 1 23 C M artins Wel l 1 3 7 D S u n land 1 53 D Ludlow S E
1 04A Ri m rock 1 23 D Mopah Peaks 1 3 8A N ewhall 1 54A Lavic Lake
1 04 B Onyx Peak 1 24A Wi l h e l m Spring 1 3 8 B Val Verde 1 S4B S u n sh i n e Peak
1 04C Catclaw Flat 1 24B Sheep Camp S p ring 1 38C Santa S u sana 1 S4C Galway Lake
1 04 D Morongo Val l ey 1 24C M i l l igan ( = S i m i Valley East) 1 54 D Lavic S E
1 OSA Moonridge 1 24 D East Of M i l l igan 1 3 8 D Oat Mou ntain 1 5 5A S i lver Bel l M i ne
1 OSB Big Bear Lake 1 2SA Cadiz Lake N E 1 39A Piru 1 5S B C a m p Rock M i n e
1 OSC Forest Fal l s 1 2S B Cadiz Lake NW 1 39 B Fillmore 1 55C Fry M o u ntains
1 O S D San Gorgon i o Mtn . 1 2S C Cadiz Lake 1 39 C Moorpark 1 5 5 D Iron Ridge
1 06A Kel l e r Peak 1 2S D Chubbuck 1 39 D S i m i ( = S i m i Valley 1 5 6A Ord M o u n tain
1 06 B Harrison Mtn. 1 2 6A Calu m et M i n e West) 1 56 B West Ord M o u n ta i n
1 06 C Red lands 1 26 B Bristol Lake N W 1 40A Santa Pau l a Peak 1 5 6 C White Horse Mtn .
1 06 D Yucaipa 1 26C Bristol Lake SW 1 40 B Ojai 1 S 6 D G ra n d View M i n e
1 07A San Bernard i n o North 1 2 6 D Cal u m et M o u ntai ns 1 40C Saticoy 1 5 7A Stodda rd Well
1 07 B Devore 1 2 7A Lead Mtn . NE 1 40 D Santa Pau l a 1 57 B Tu rtle Valley
1 07C Fontana 1 27B Lead M o u ntain 1 41 A Mati l ij a 1 57C Apple Valley North
1 07 D San Bernard i n o South 1 2 7C Lead M o u ntain SW 1 41 B White Ledge Peak 1 5 7 D Fairview Valley
1 08A Cucamo nga Peak 1 2 7 D C l eghorn Lakes 1 41 C Pitas Po i n t 1 S8A H el e n d a l e
1 08 B Mt. Baldy 1 2 8A Dead man Lake N E 1 4 1 D Ventura 1 58B Victorvi l l e N W
1 08C Ontario 1 28B Dead man Lake NW 1 42A Carpinteria 1 58 C Ad e l a n to
1 08 D Guasti 1 2 8C Dead man Lake SW 1 42 B Santa Barbara 1 58 0 Victorvi l l e
1 09A Glendora 1 28 D Dead man Lake S E 1 43A Goleta 1 59A S h adow M o u ntains
1 09 B Azusa 1 2 9A H id algo Mtn . 1 43 B Dos Pueblos Canyon 1 S9B Ad obe M o u ntain
1 09C Baldwin Park 1 29B Em erson Lake l 44A Taj iguas 1 59C El M i rage
1 09 D San D i mas 1 2 9C Landers 1 44 B Gaviota 1 5 9 D S h adow M o u ntains S E
1 1 QA Mt. Wi lson 1 2 9 D Goat M o u n ta i n 1 4SA Sacate 1 60A H i Vista
1 1 OB Pasadena 1 3 0A M e l vi l l e Lake 1 4S B Poi n t Conception 1 60 B Al p i n e Butte
1 1 QC Los Angeles 1 30 B O l d Woman Springs l 46B To pock 1 60C Littlerock
1 1 OD El Monte 1 3 0C Rattlesnake Canyon 1 46 C Castle Rock 1 60 D Lovejoy Buttes
1 11A Burba n k 1 30 D Bighorn Canyon 1 47A Whale Mtn . 1 61 A Lancaster East
111B Van N uys 131A Cougar Buttes l 47B M o n u m e ntal Pass 1 61 B Lancaster West
111C Beverly H i l ls 131B Lucern e Val l ey 1 47C S n aggletooth 1 61 C Ritter Ridge
111D Hol lywood 131C Fawn skin 1 47 D C h e m e h u evi Peak 1 6 1 D Palmdale
1 1 2A Can oga Park 131 D Big Bear City 1 48A Stepladder Mts. NE 1 62A Del Sur
1 1 2B Calabasas 1 3 2A Fifteen m i l e Val l ey 1 48 B Stepladder Mts. NW 1 62 B Lake H ughes
1 1 2C M a l i b u Beach 1 32 B Apple Valley South 1 48C Stepladder Mou ntai n s 1 62 C Green Valley
1 1 2 D Topanga 1 32C Lake Arrowhead SW 1 62 D S l eepy Valley
1 1 3 A Th ousa n d Oaks 1 32 D Butler Peak 1 48 D Stepladder M o u ntai n s 1 63A Burnt Peak
1 13B N ewbury Park 1 33A H esperia 1 49A Little Piute M o u ntai n s 1 63 B Liebre M t n .
1 1 3C Tri u n fo Pass 1 33 B Baldy Mesa 1 49 B Essex 1 63 C Whitaker Peak
1 13D Point D u m e 1 33 C Caj o n 1 49C Old Woman Statue 1 63 D Warm Springs Mou nta i n
1 1 4A Camari l l o 1 33 D S i lverwood Lake 1 49 D Painted Rock Wash 1 64A Black Mtn.
1 14B Oxnard 1 34A Phelan 1 SOA D a n by 1 64B Alamo M o u n ta i n
1 1 4D Po i n t M u gu 1 34B M escal Creek 1 SOB Castle Dome 1 64C Devi ls Heart Peak
1 20 B Stand ard Wash 1 34C M o u n t San Anto n i o 1 SOC Cadiz S u m m i t 1 64D Cobblestone Mtn .
1 2 0C G e n e Wash 1 34D Te legraph Peak 1 S O D Skeleton Pass 1 6 5A Lockwood Val ley
121A Lake H avasu City South 1 3 SA Valyermo 1 Sl A Van Wi n k l e Wash 1 6SB San G u i l l ermo
121 B H avasu Lake 1 3 S B J u n i per H i l l s 1 Sl B Brown Buttes 1 6 5C Lio n Canyon
1 2 1 C Wh i pp l e Mts. SW 1 3SC Waterman M t n . 1 Sl C Am boy 1 6 5 D Topatopa Mou ntains
121D Wh ipple Wash 1 3S O Crystal Lake 1 5 1 0 Cadiz 1 66A Reyes Pe a k
1 2 2A Savahia Peak N E 1 3 6A Pacifico M o u n ta i n 1 S2A East Of S i beria 1 66 B Ran c h o N u evo Creek
1 22 B Savahia Peak NW 1 36 B Acton 1 S2B Si beria 1 66 C Old Man M o u n ta i n
1 2 2 C Savahia Peak SW 1 36C Condor Peak 1 S2C Bagdad SW 1 66 D Wh eeler Springs
1 2 2 D Savahia Peak 1 3 6 D C h i lao Flat 1 S 2 D Amboy Crater 1 67A M a d u lce Peak
2 98 APPEN D IX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

1 67 B Big P i n e M t n . 1 81 C Daggett 1 9 5 D Sisquoc 21 1 A Mojave N E

1 67C Little Pine Mtn. 1 8 1 0 M i n neola 1 96A G uadal u p e 21 1 B Cac h e Peak
1 67 0 H i l dreth Peak 1 82A Barstow 1 96B Point Sal 2 1 1 C Mojave
1 68A San Rafael Mtn . 1 82 B H i n kley 1 9 6 D Casmalia 2 1 1 D Sanborn
1 68 B Figueroa M t n . 1 82C H odge 1 9 7C Mt. Manchester 2 1 2A Tehachapi N E
1 68C Lake Cac h u m a 1 82 D Barstow S E 1 98A J u n i per M i ne 21 2B Tehachapi North
1 68 D S a n M arcos Pass 1 83A Twelve Gauge Lake 1 98 B West OfJ u n i per M i n e 2 1 2 C Tehachapi South
1 69A Los O l ivos 1 83 B Kramer H i l l s 1 9 8C Homer M t n . 21 20 M o n o l ith
1 69 B Zaca Creek 1 83C Astley Rancho 1 980 East O f Homer Mtn. 2 1 3A Keene
1 69 C Solvang 1 83 D Wi l d Crossing 1 99A East Of Grotto H i l l s 213B Bear M o u n ta i n
1 69 D Santa Ynez 1 84A Kra m e r J u nction 1 99 B G rotto H i l ls 2 1 3 C Tej on Ranch
1 70A Los Alamos 1 84B Leu h man Ridge 1 99C H ackberry M o u n ta i n 2 1 3 D C u m m i ngs Mtn.
1 70 B Lompoc 1 84C Jackrabbit H i l l 1 99 D Signal Hill 2 1 4A Arvin
1 70C Lompoc H i l l s 1 84D Red Buttes 200A Pi nto Val l ey 2 1 4B Weed Patch
1 70 D Santa Rosa H i l l s 1 85A Rogers Lake North 200B M i d H ills 2 1 4C Mettler
1 71 A S u rf 1 85 B Edwards 200C Co l u m bi a Mtn . 2 1 4 D Tejo n H i l l s
1 71 C Point Argu e l l o 1 85C Red man 2 0 0 D Woods M o u ntai n s 2 1 5A Conner
1 7 1 D Tranq u i l lo n Mtn. 1 85 0 Rogers Lake South 201A Cima 2 1 5B M i l l ux
1 72 B Need l es NW 1 86A Bi sse l l 201 B M arl Mou ntains 2 1 5C Conner SW
1 72 C Need les SW 1 86 B Soledad Mtn . 201 C Kelso 2 1 5 D Coal O i l Canyon
1 72 D Need l es 1 86C Rosa m o n d 201 D Hayden 2 1 6A Mouth Of Kern
1 73A Bannock 1 86 D Rosa m o n d Lake 202A I n d i an Spring ( = Bu e n a Vista Lake Bed )
1 73 B H o mer 1 87A Wi l l ow S pri ngs 202B Seventeen m i l e Poi n t 2 1 6 B Taft
1 73 C West O f Flattop Mtn . 1 87 B Tylerhorse Canyon 202C Cowhole M o u n ta i n 2 1 6C Maricopa
1 73 0 Fl atto p M t n . 1 87C Fairmont Butte 2 0 2 D O l d D a d Mtn . 21 6D Pe ntland
1 74A Goffs 1 87D Little Buttes 203A Soda Lake North 2 1 7A Fe l lows
1 74 B Fe n n er H i l l s 1 88A Liebre Twi n s 203B West Of Soda Lake 2 1 7B Panorama H i l l s
1 74C Fe n n er 1 88 B Winters Ridge 203C Crucero H i l l 2 1 7C We l l s Ranch
1 74D Fe n n er Spring 1 88C La Liebre Ranch 2 0 3 D Soda Lake South 2 1 70 Elkh orn H i l l s
1 75A Desert Spring 1 88 D Neenach School 204A Cronese Lakes 2 1 8A Pa i n ted Rock
1 75 B Colto n Well 1 89A Pastoria Creek 204B Bitter Spring 218B C h i m i neas Ranch
1 75 C West O f B l i n d H i l l s 1 89 B Grapevi n e 204C Dunn 2 1 8C Taylor Canyon
1 75 D B l i n d H i l ls 1 89 C Frazier M t n . 2 0 4 D Cave Mou ntain 2 1 8 D Caliente Mtn.
1 76A Fo u n tain Peak 1 89 D Lebec 205A East Of Langford We l l 2 1 9A Branch Mtn.
1 76 B Kelso Du nes 1 9 0A Pleito H i l ls 205B Langford We l l 21 9B Los M achos H i l l s
1 76 C Bighorn Basin 1 90 B Eagle Rest Peak 205C Alvord M t n . West 2 1 9C C h i m ney Canyon
1 76 D Van Wi n kl e S p ri n g 1 90C Sawm i l l Mou nta i n 2050 Alvord Mtn . East 21 9 D M i ran d a Pine M tn .
1 77 A G lasgow 1 90 D C u d d y Valley 2 0 6A Parad ise Range 2 2 0A Caldwe l l Mesa
1 77 B West Of G l asgow 191A Santiago Creek 206B Wi l l iams We l l 220B Tar Spring Ridge
1 77C West Of B u dweiser 1 91 B Ba l l i nger Canyon 206C Lane Mou ntain 220C Nipomo
Wash 1 91 C Cuya m a Peak 206D Coyote Lake 220D H u asna Peak
1 77 D Budweiser Wash 1 9 1 D Apac h e Canyon 207 A S u perior Lake 221 A Arroyo Gran d e N E
1 78A Broadwe l l Mesa 1 9 2A Cuya m a 207B Opal Mou ntain 221 B Pismo Beach
1 78 B West Of Broadwel l 1 92 B N e w Cuya m a 207C Water Val l ey 221 D Oceano
M esa 1 92 C Salisbury Potrero 207D M u d H i lls 2 2 2A Port San Luis
1 78C Broadwe l l Lake 1 92 D Fox M o u n ta i n 208A Bird Spring 223C Ten m i l e Well
1 78 D East Of Broadwel l Lake 1 93A Peak M o u ntain 208B Fremont Peak 224A Ho pps Well
1 79A H i d d e n Valley East 1 93 B Bates Canyon 208C The Buttes 224B Crescent Peak
1 79 B H i dden Valley West 1 93 C Bald M o u n ta i n 208D Loc khart 224C Castle Peaks
1 79 C Hector 1 93 D H u rrican e Deck 209A Boron N E 224D H art Peak
1 79 0 S l eeping Beauty 1 94A M anzanita M t n . 209B Boron NW 225A N i pton
1 80A M a n ix 1 94 B Te pusquet Canyon 209C Boron 225B M i n eral H i l l
1 80 B H arvard H i l l 1 94C Foxen Canyon 209D Sadd l e back Mtn . 2 2 5 C J oshua
1 80C Newberry Springs 1 94D Zaca Lake 2 1 0A Gal i l eo H i l l 225D lvanpah
1 80 D Troy Lake 1 9 5A Twitch e l l Dam 2 1 0B California City North 2 2 6A Mescal Range
1 8 1 A Yermo 1 95 B Santa Maria 21 OC C a l i fornia City South 226B Val ley Wells
1 81 B Nebo 1 9 5C Orcutt 2 1 0 D North Edwards 226C Cow Cove
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 299

2 2 6 D Cima D o m e 24 1 A Rio B ravo 255D Pilot Kn o b Valley East 270A Ad e l a i d a

2 27A Solomons Knob 241 B Buttonwillow 2 5 6A Searles Lake 270B Li m e M o u ntain
227B Turq u oise Mtn. 24 1 C East Elk H i l l s 256B Westend 270C Cypress Mou nta i n
227C Hal loran Springs 241 D Tu p m a n 256C Spangler H i l l s East 2 7 0 D York M o u ntain
2 2 7 D Granite S p ri n g 242A Lokern 2 5 6 D Ch ristmas Canyon 271 A Pebblesto n e S h u t- i n
228A North Of Baker 242B Belridge 2 5 7A Lone Butte 271 B San S i m eon
228B S i l u rian Valley 242C Reward 257B Ridgecrest North 271 C Pico Creek
2 2 8 C West Of Baker 242D West E l k H i l l s 257C Ridgecrest South 271 D Cam bria
228D Baker 243A Carneros Rocks 2 5 7 D Spangler H i l l s West 272A Piedras Blancas
229A Red Pass Lake N E 243 B Las Yeguas Ranch 2 58A l nyokern 273B Green M o n ster M i n e
229B Red Pass Lake NW 243C Si m m le r 2 58 B Owens Peak 2 7 3 C West Of S h e na n d oah
2 2 9 C West Of Red Pass Lake 243 D M c Kittrick S u m m it 2 58C Freeman J u nctio n Peak
229D Red Pass Lake 244A La Panza N E 258D l nyokern S E 2 7 3 D S h e n an d oah Peak
2 3 0A Dri n kwater Lake 244B La Panza Ranch 2 5 9 A Wal ke r Pass 2 74A Stu m p Spri ng, Nev.
230B West Of Dri n kwater Lake 244C La Panza 259B O nyx 274B Calvada Spri ngs
230C Fort I rwin 244D C a l i forn i a Valley 2 59 C Cane Canyon 274C H o rse Th ief Spri ngs
230D Tiefort M o u ntains 245A Camatta Ranch 259D H o rse Canyon 274D Blackwater M i n e
231 A Nelson Lake 245B Wi lson Corner 260A Weldon 2 75A North OfTecopa Pass
231 B West Of Nelson Lake 245C Santa Margarita Lake 260B Lake I sa b e l l a N o rth 275B Resting Spring
231 C Goldsto n e 245D Pozo S u m m i t 2 60C Lake Isabella South 2 7 5 C Tecopa
231 D East Of Gol d stone 246A Santa Margarita 2 6 0 D Woolstal f Creek 2 7 5 D Tecopa Pass
232A Eagle Crags 246B Atascadero 261 A Alta S i e rra 2 76A S h os h o n e
232B Pi lot Knob 246C San Lu i s Obispo 261 B G l e n nvi l l e 276B Salsberry Peak
232C Slocu m Mtn. 246D Lopez Mtn. 261 C Democrat H o t S p rings 276C I bex S p ri n g
232D Su perio r Val ley 247A M o rro Bay N o rth 261 D M i racle Hot Spri ngs 276D I bex Pass
233A Black H i l l s 247B Cayucos 262A Woody 2 77 A Epaulet Peak
233B West O f B l ack H i l l s 247D M o rro Bay South 262B Sand Canyon 277B S h ore Li n e Butte
233C C u d deback Lake 248B State Line Pass 2 6 2C Knob H i l l 2 7 7C Confi d e nce H i l l s West
233 D Blackwater Well 248C lvanpah Lake 2 6 2 D P i n e M o u nta i n 2 7 7 D Confidence H i l l s East
234A Kl i n ker M t n . 248D Desert 263A Deepwe l l Ranch 278A Anvil Spring Canyon East
234B El Paso Peaks 249A Mesqu ite Lake 263B McFarl a n d 278B Anvi l Spring Canyon
234C J o h a n n es b u rg 249B Mesq u i te M o u ntains 263C Famoso West
234D Red M o u n ta i n 249C Pac h a l ka Spring 263D North O f O i l d a l e 2 7 8C Wingate Wash West
235A Garlock 249D Clark M tn . 2 64A Po nd 2 7 8 D Wingate Wash East
235B Saltdale NW 2 50A East Of Kingston Peak 2 64 B Wasco NW 2 7 9A M a n ly Peak
235C Ca ntil 250B Kingston Peak 2 64C Wasco SW 279B M a n ly Fal l
235D Saltdale SE 2 50C Ki ngston Spring 2 64D Wasco 279C Copper Q u een Canyon
236A Dove Spring 250D East Of Kingston Spring 2 6 5A Lost H i l l s N E 2 7 9 D S o u rd ough Spring
236B Pi nyon M t n . 251 A Valj ean H i l l s 265B Lost H i l l s NW 2 80A Slate Range Crossing
236C Cross M o u n tain 251 B D u m o n t Dunes 265C Lost H i l l s 280B H o m ewood Canyon
236D Ci nco 251C S i l u rian Lake 2 6 5 D Semitro pic 2 80C Tro na West
237 A Claravi l l e 2 5 1 D S i l u rian H i l ls 266A Antel o p e P l a i n 2 8 0 D Tro na East
237B P i u te Peak 252A Sadd l e Peak H i l l s 266B Em igrant H i l l 281 A M ou ntain Springs
237C Lora i n e 252B O l d I bex Pass 266C Shale Poi nt Canyon
237D Em era l d Mtn . 252C Avawatz Pass 266D Blackwe l l s Corner 281 B Airport Lake
2 3 8A Breckenridge Mtn. 2 5 2 D Sheep Creek S p ri n g 2 67A Sawtooth Ridge 2 8 1 C White H i l ls
238B Mt. Adelaide 253A East Of Owl Lake 267B Orchard Peak 281 D Bu rro Canyon
238C Bena 253B Owl Lake 2 67C H o l l a n d Canyon 2 8 2A Volcano Peak
238D Oiler Peak 253C Leach Lake 267D Packwood Creek 282B Little Lake
239A Rio Bravo Ranch 253D East Of Leach Lake 2 6 8A Cholame 282C N i n e m i l e Canyon
239B O i l Center 254A Q u a i l Spring 268B Shandon 282D Pearsonvi l le
239C Lam ont 254B H i dd e n Spring 268C Shedd Canyon 283A Sacatar Canyon
2390 Ed ison 254( West Of Leach Spring 2680 Camatta Canyon 2 83 B Rockhouse Bas i n
240A O i l d a l e 2 5 4 D Leach Spring 2 69A Estre l l a 2 8 3 C White Dome
240B Rosedale 255A Wingate Pass 269B Paso Robles 283D Lam o n t Peak
240C Steve n s 255B Layton Spring 269C Te m p leton 2 8 4A S i rretta Peak
2 4 0 D Gosford 255C Pilot Knob Val ley West 2 6 9 D Creston 284B Fai rview
300 APPENDIX I: LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

2 84C Kernvi l l e 299B West Of Eagle Mtn . 3 1 3C Kettleman City 3 2 8 D Centen n i al Canyon
2 84 D Can n e l l Peak 299C Dead m a n Pass 3 1 3 D Stratford S E 3 2 9A Bartl ett
285A J o h nsondale 299D East Of Dead m a n Pass 3 1 4A H uron 3298 Cirq u e Peak
285B Californ ia Hot S p ri ngs 3 00A Greenwater Canyon 3 1 4B G u ijarral H i l l s 3 2 9 C Tem p leton Mtn .
285C Posey 300B Dantes View 3 1 4C Ave nal 3 2 9 D Olancha
2 8 5 D To bias Peak 300C Gold Va l l ey 3 1 4D La Cima 3 3 0A J o h n so n Peak
2 8 6A G i bbon Peak 300D Funeral Peak 3 1 5A Coa l i nga 330B Chagoopa Fa l l s
286B Fou ntai n Spri ngs 301A Badwater 315B Alcalde H i l l s 330C Kern Lake
286C Q u i n cy School 301 B H an au p a h Canyon 3 1 5C Cu rry Mou n ta i n 330D Kern Peak
2 8 6 D White River 301 C Galena Canyon 315D Kreyen h agen H i l l s 331A M i neral K i n g
2 8 7A D ucor 301 D M ormon Po i n t 3 1 6A S h erman Peak 331 B Si Iver City
287B Sausalito School 3 0 2A Te lescope Peak 3 1 6B Priest Va l l ey 331 C Moses Mtn .
2 8 7C Delano East 3 0 2 B J a i l Canyon 3 1 6C S l ac k Canyon 331 D Q u i n n Peak
287D Richgrove 302C Ballarat 3 1 6 D S m ith Mou ntain 332A Case M o u n ta i n
288A Pixley 302D Panam i n t 3 1 7A M o narch Peak 332B Kaweah
288B Al paugh 303A M aturango Peak N E 3 1 7B N attrass Valley 332C C h i c ke n coop Canyon
2 88C Al l e n sworth 303B Reve n u e Canyon 3 1 7C San Ardo 332D D e n n ison Peak
288D Delano West 303C M aturango Peak 3 1 7D Pancho Rico Valley 3 33A Woodlake
2 8 9A H ac i e n d a Ran c h N E 303D M aturango Pea k S E 31 SA San Lucas 333B Iva n hoe
289B H ac i e n d a Ran c h NW 304A C h i n a Gard e n s 31 S B Th o m pson Canyon 333C Exeter
289C Lone Tree We l l 304B Coso Peak 31 SC Cosio Knob 333D Rocky H i l l
289D H ac i e n d a Ranch 304C Petroglyph Canyon 3 1 8D Esp i n osa Canyon 334A Mo nson
2 90A D u d ley Ridge 304D Lou isiana Butte 3 1 9A Reliz Canyon 334B Traver
290B Los Viejos 305A U p per Cente n n i a l Flat 3 1 9 B J u n i pero Serra Peak 334C Gosh e n
290C Avenal Gap 305B Haiwee Reservo i rs 3 1 9C Cone Peak 334D Visalia
2 9 0 D West Camp 305C Coso J u nction 3 1 9D Bear Canyon 335A B u rris Park
291 A Kettle m a n Plain 3 0 5 D Cactus Peak 3 20A Tassaj ara H ot Spri ngs 335B Laton
291 B Garza Peak 3 0 6A Haiwee Pass 320B Parti ngton Ridge 335C Han ford
2 9 1 C Tent H i l l s 306B M o n ache Mou nta i n 320D Lopez Poi n t 335D Re m n oy
291 D Pyra m i d H i l l s 306C Crag Peak 320E Pfeiffer Poi n t 3 3 6A Riverd a l e
2 9 2 A The Dark Hole 306D Long Canyon 321 C H igh Peak 336B B u rrel
292B Parkfi e l d 307 A Casa Vieja Meadows 322B Fran k l i n Well 3 3 6 C Va nguard
292C Cholame H i l l s 307B H ockett Peak 3 2 2C Death Val l ey J u nction 336D Lemoore
2 9 2 D Cholame Valley 307C D u rrwood Creek 322D Bole Spri ng 3 3 7A Five Poi nts
293A Stockd ale M ou ntai n 307D Bon ita Meadows 323A East Of Echo Canyon 337B Westsi d e
293B Va l l eton 3 0 8A Camp N e lson 323B Echo Canyon 3 3 7C Harris Ranch
293C San M iguel 308B Camp Wishon 323C Ryan 337D CalAax
293D Ranch ito Canyon 308C Solo Peak 323D East Of Ryan 3 3 8A Tres Pecos Farms
294A Wu n post 3 0 8 D Sentinel Peak 3 24A Furnace Creek 338B Li l l i s Ranch
294B H ames Va l l ey 3 0 9A Springvi l l e 324B West Of Furnace Creek 3 3 8 C Joaq u i n Rocks
294C Tierra Red o n d a 309B Frazier Val l ey 3 24C Devi ls Speedway 338D Domengine Ra nch
M o u n ta i n 309C Su ccess Dam 324D Devi ls Golf Course 3 3 9A Ciervo M t n .
2 9 4 D Bradley 309D Globe 3 2 5 A Tucki Wash 339B l d ri a
2 9 5A Wi l l ia m s H i l l 3 1 0A Li n d say 325B E m igrant Canyon 3 3 9 C S a n Ben ito M t n .
295B Jolon 3 1 OB Cairns Corn er 325C E m igrant Pass 3 3 9 D Santa Rita Peak
295C Burnett Peak 31 OC Woodvi l l e 3 2 5 D Wi l d rose Peak 340A Hernandez Reservoi r
295D Bryson 31 0D Portervi l l e 3 2 6A P a n a m i n t Butte 340B Rock Spring Peak
2 9 6A Alder Peak 3 1 1 A Tu lare 326B The D u n e s 340C Lonoak
296B Cape San Martin 31 1 B Paige 3 2 6C Pa n a m i nt Spri ngs 340 D Hepsedam Peak
296C Vi lla Creek 3 1 1 C Taylor Weir 326D N ova Canyon 341 A To po Valley
296D Bu rro M o u n ta i n 3 1 1 D Tipton 3 2 7A Lee Wash 341 B North C h a l o n e Peak
297C M o u n d Spring 3 1 2A Waukena 327B Santa Rosa Flat 341 C Greenfi e l d
2 9 8A Sixm i l e Spring 312B G u ernsey 3 2 7C Ta lc City H i l l s 341 D P i n a l ito Canyon
2988 Stewart Valley 3 1 2C E l Rico Ra nch 3 2 7 D Darwin 342A Soledad
298C Twelvem i l e Spring 31 2 D Corcoran 3 2 8A Kee l e r 342B Palo Escrito Peak
298D N o pah Peak 3 1 3A Stratford 328B Owe n s Lake 342C Sycamore Flat
299A Eagle Mtn . 3 1 3B Westhaven 3 2 8 C Verm i l l i on Canyon 342 D Paraiso S p ri ngs
 APPE N D IX I : L I ST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S 301

343A Rana Creek 357C C o n ej o 372A Mazourka Peak 386B Watso nvi l l e East
3 43 B Carm e l Valley 357D Selma 372B Blackrock 386C Pru nedale
343C Ventana Cones 3 58A Fresno South 372C I n depen d ence 3 8 6 D San J u an Bautista
3 43 D Chews Ridge 358B Kearney Park 372D Bee Spri ngs Canyon 387A Watsonvi l l e West
344A Mt. Carm e l 358C Rai s i n 3 73A Aberdeen 387B Soquel
344B Soberanes Po int 3 5 8 D Caruthers 373B Mt. P i n chot 387D Moss Lan d i ng
344C Po i n t Sur 359A Kerman 373C M t . Clarence King 387E Santa Cruz
344D Big S u r 3 5 9 B J amesan 373D Kearsarge Peak 388C B o n n i e Claire SW
345 B Ashton 359C San J o aq u i n 3 74A Marion Peak 3 8 9A G o l d M o u n tain
345C Lees Camp 359D Helm 3 74 B S l i d e B l u ffs 389B West Of Gold Mtn.
345 D Leeland 3 60A Tra n q u i l l ity 3 74C Cedar G rove 389C U behebe Crater
346A East Of C h loride City 360B Coit Ra nch 3 74 D The S p h i nx 3 8 9 D Scottys Castle
346 B C h l oride City 3 6 0C Levis 3 75A Te h i pite D o m e 3 9 0A Sand Spring
346C Beatty J u n ction 360D Cantua Creek 375B Rough S p u r 390B H anging Rock Canyon
346D Nevares Peak 361 A C h a n ey Ranch 375C Hume 3 90C Last Chance Range SW
347 A Stove p i pe We l l s N E 361 B Chou net Ran c h 3 7 5 D Wren Peak 390D Last Chance Range SE
347B Mesq u i te Flat 3 6 1 C Tu m ey H i l l s 3 7 6A Patterson Mtn. 391 A East OfJ os h u a Flats
347C Stove p i pe We lls 3 6 1 D M o n o c l i n e Ridge 376B Sacate Ridge 391 B Joshua Flats
347D Grotto Canyon 3 6 2A M e rcy Hot Spri ngs 376C Luc kett M t n . 3 9 1 C Waucoba Spring
348A East Of Sand Flat 362B Cerro Colorad o 3 7 6 D Verp l a n k Ridge 391 D East OfWaucoba
348B Sand Flat 362C Ll anada 3 77A Tri m m er Spring
348C H arris H i l l 362D Panache 377B H u m p h reys Station 3 9 2A Cowhorn Val l ey
348D Cottonwood Canyon 3 6 3A Panache Pass 3 77C Piedra 392B U h l meyer Spri n g
349A U behebe Peak 363B Ch erry Peak 377D Pine Flat Dam 3 9 2 C Tinemaha Reservo i r
349 B West Of U behebe Peak 363C Bickm ore Canyon 3 78A Acade my 3 9 2 D Waucoba Mtn.
349C N e l so n Range 3 6 3 D San Ben ito 378B Friant 3 93A Big P i n e
349D Jackass Canyon 364A Paic i n es 3 78C Clovis 393B Coyote Flat
3 5 0A Craig Canyon 364B Mt. H arlan 378D Round M o u nta i n 393C Split Mtn.
350B New York Butte 364C Gonzales 3 79A La nes Bridge 393D Fish S p ri ngs
350C Dolom ite 364D MountJohnson 379B G regg 3 94A Mt. Th o m pson
3 5 0 D Cerro Gord o Peak 365A Natividad 379C Herndon 3 94 B Mt. Darwin
35 1 A U n i o n Wash 365B Sali nas 379D Fresno North 3 94C Mt. Godd ard
351 B M a nzanar 365C Spreckels 3 8 0A Madera 3 94D N o rth Pal isade
351 C Mt. Langley 365D C h u a lar 380B Bon ita Ranch 3 9 5A Mt. H e n ry
351 D Lon e P i n e 3 6 6A Marina 3 8 0C G rave lly Ford 395B Ward Mou nta i n
3 5 2A Mt. Wi l l i amson 366C Monterey 380D Biola 395C Courtright Reservoi r
352B Mt. Brewer 3 6 6 D Seas i d e 381A Firebaugh N E 3 9 5 D Blackcap Mtn.
352C Mt. Kaweah 3 6 7C Daylight Pass 381B Poso Farm 3 9 6A Dogtooth Peak
352D M o u n t Whitney 367D Gold Center 381 C Firebaugh 396B H u nti ngton Lake
3 53A S p h i nx Lakes 3 68A Wahguyhe Peak 381 D M e n d ota Dam 396C D i n key Creek
353B Mt. S i l l i man 368B Grapevine Peak 3 8 2A Oxa l i s 396D N e l so n Mtn.
353C Lodgepole 3 68C Fal l Canyon 382B D o s Palos 3 9 7A Musick Mtn.
353D Tri p l e Divide Peak 3 6 8 D Th i m ble Peak 3 8 2C H a m m o n d s Ranch 397B Cascade! Po i n t
3 54A M u i r G rove 3 69A East OfTi n M o u n ta i n 3 8 2 D Broadview Farms 3 9 7C Auberry
354B Gen eral Grant Grove 369B Tin M o u nt a i n 383A Charl eston School 3 9 7 D S h aver Lake
3 54C S h ad e q u arter Mtn. 369C Wh ite Top Mtn . 383B Ortigalita Peak NW 3 98A North Fork
3 54 D G i a n t Forest 369D Dry Bone Canyo n 383C Ortigalita Peak 398B O ' N eals
355A M i ra m o nte 370A Dry M o u n ta i n 383D Lagu n a Seca Ranch 3 98C M i l lerton Lake West
3 5 5 B Tu cker M t n . 370B Sal i n e Peak 384A Los B a n os Val l ey 398D M i l lerton Lake East
3 5 5 C Stokes M t n . 370C West OfTeakettle 384B Mariposa Peak 3 9 9A Knowles
3 5 5 D Auckland J u nction 384C Q u i e n Sabe Val l ey 399B Raymo n d
3 5 6A Orange Cove N o rth 370D Teakettle J u nction 384D Ruby Canyon 399C Dau lton
356B Wahtoke 3 7 1 A East OfWaucoba 385A Three Sisters 399D Little Tab l e Mtn.
3 5 6C Reedley Canyon 385B San Fel i p e 400A Rayn o r Creek
3 5 6 D Orange Cove South 371 B Waucoba Canyon 385C H o l l i ster 400B Le G ra n d
3 S7A Sanger 371 C Pat Keyes Canyon 3 8 5 D Tres Pinos 400C Bere n d a
357B M alaga 371 D Lower Warm Spri ngs 3 86A Ch itten d e n 4 0 0 D Kismet
302 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

401 A P l a i n s b u rg 415D Mt. H i lgard 430C I nd ian Gard e n Creek 445A M idway
401 B El N i d o 4 1 6A Sh arktooth Peak 43 1 A Dyer 445 B Alta m o n t
401 C Bliss Ranch 41 6B Balloon Dome 43 1 B J u n i per Mtn. 445C Mendenhall Spri ngs
401 D Chowc h i l l a 4 1 6C Kaiser Peak 43 1 C Mt. Barcroft 445 D Cedar Mtn .
402A Sandy M u sh 4l 6D Mt. Givens 43 1 D Station Peak 446A Livermore
402 B Tu rner Ranch 4 1 7A Sq u aw Dome 432A White Mtn. Peak 446 B Dublin
402C Delta Ranch 417B Little S h u teye Peak 43 2 B H a m m ii Valley 446C N i les
402 D Santa Rita Bridge 4 1 7C Sh uteye Peak 432C C h i d ago Canyon 446D La Costa Valley
403A San Luis Ranch 417D M a m moth Pool Dam 432 D C h a lfant Valley 447A H ayward
403 B l n gomar 4 1 8A Wh ite C h i ef Mtn . 433A Banner Ridge 447B San Leandro
403C Vo lta 418B Fish C a m p 43 3 B Watterson Canyon 447C Redwood Poi nt
403 D Los Banos 4 1 8C Bass Lake 433C Tom s Place 447D Newark
404A H oward Ranch 4 1 8 D Ahwah n ee 433 D Casa Diablo M t n . 448A H u nters Po i n t
404B Crevison Peak 4 1 9A Stu m pfi e l d M t n . 434A Whitmore H ot S p ri ngs 448 B S a n Francisco South
404C Pacheco Pass 4l 9 B Mari posa 434B O l d M a m m oth 448C Montara M o u n ta i n
404D San Luis Dam 4 1 9C Ben H u r 434C Bloody Mtn . 4 4 8 D S a n Mateo
40SA M u stang Peak 419D Horsecamp Mou ntain 434D Convict Lake 449C Davis M o u n ta i n
405B M i ssissippi Creek 420A Cath eys Valley 435A M a m moth M t n . 450B Tru man Mead ows
405C G i l roy H ot S p ri ngs 420B I nd ian G u l c h 43 5 B Mt. Ritter 450C Benton
405D Pacheco Peak 4 2 0 C Owe ns Reservo i r 435C Cattle Mtn. 450D Bou n d ary Peak
406A Mt. Sizer 420D I l l inois H i l l 43 5 D Crystal Crag 45 1 A Rive r S p ri ng
406B M o rgan H i l l 42 1 A H aystac k Mtn. 436A Mt. Lye l l 451 B I n d ian M ead ows
406C M t . Madonna 421 B Yosem ite Lake 43 6 B M e rced Peak 451 C Glass M o u n ta i n
4 0 6 D G i l roy 42 1 C Merced 436C S i n g Peak 451 D Benton H ot Spri ngs
407 A Santa Teresa H i l ls 421 D Planada 436D Ti m be r Knob 452A Cowtrack M o u n tain
407B Los Gatos 422A Wi nton 437A H a l f Dome 452B Mono M i l l s
407C Laurel 422B Cressey 43 7 B El Capitan 4 5 2 C Crestview
407D Loma Prieta 422C Arena 437C Wawo na 452D Dexter Canyon
408A Castle Rock Ridge 4 2 2 D Atwater 437D M ariposa G rove 453A Lee Vi n i ng
408B Big Bas i n 423A Tu rlock 438A El Portal 453B M o u n t Dana
408C Daven port 423 B H atch 438B Kinsley 453C Koi p Peak
408D Felton 423C G u sti n e 438C Fe l iciana Mtn . 453D J u n e Lake
409A Fra n k l i n Poi nt 423 D Stevi nson 438D Bucki ngham M t n . 454A Tioga Pass
409B Pigeon Poi nt 424A Crows La n d i ng 439A Buckhorn Peak 454B Falls Ridge
409D Afio N u evo 424B Patterson 439B Cou ltervil l e 454C Tenaya Lake
41 OB Sylva n i a Mts. 424C Orest i m b a Peak 439C H ornitos 454D Voge lsang Peak
41 OC Last Cha nce Mtn . 424D N ewman 439D Bear Valley 455A Ten Lakes
4 1 0 D Tu l e Canyon 425A Copper Mtn. 440A Penon Blanco Peak 45 5 B H etch Hetchy Reservoi r
41 l A Sylvania Canyon 425B Mt. Board man 440B La Grange 4 5 5 C Tamarack Flat
41 1 B Choco late M t n . 425C Mt. Stakes 440C S n e l l i ng 45 5 D Yose m ite Fa l l s
41 1 C S o l d i e r Pass 4 2 5 D Wilcox Ridge 440D M erced Fal l s 456A Lake Eleanor
41 1 D H orse Th ief Canyon 426A Eylar Mtn. 44 1 A Cooperstown 45 6 B Ch erry Lake South
4 1 2A Crooked Creek 426B Mt. Day 441 B Pau lsell 456C Ascension Mtn .
41 2B Bla nco Mtn. 426C Lick Observatory 441 C M ontpelier 45 6 0 Ackerson Mtn .
4 1 2 C Westgard Pass 426D Isabel Valley 441 D Tu rlock Lake 457A Du ckwa l l M t n .
412D Dee p S p ri ngs Lake 427 A Cal averas Reservoi r 442A Waterford 45 7 B Tu ol u m ne
4 1 3A Laws 427B M i l p itas 442 B Riverbank 457C Groveland
41 3 B Fish Slo ugh 427C San Jose West 442C Ceres 45 7 D J awbo n e Ridge
41 3 C Bishop 427D San J o se East 442D Denair 458A Stand ard
41 3 D Poleta Canyon 428A M o u n ta i n View 443A Salida 45 8 B Sonora
4 1 4A Rovana 428B Palo Alto 443 B Ripon 458C C h i n ese Cam p
414B Mt. Morgan 428C M i ndego H i l l 443C Westley 45 8 D M occasin
4 1 4C M o u n t To m 428D Cu pert i n o 443D Brush Lake 459A N ew M e l ones Dam
4 1 4 D Tu ngsten H i l l s 4 2 9 A Woodside 444A Vern a l i s 45 9 B Coppero p o l i s
41 5A Mt. Abbot 42 9 B H a l f Moon Bay 444B Tracy 459C Knights Ferry
41 5 B G raveyard Peak 429C San Gregorio 444C Lone Tree Creek 45 9 D Keystone
415C Florence Lake 429D La H o n d a 444D Solyo 460A Bachelor Valley
 APPEN DIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 303

460 B Farm i ngton 474C Twai n H arte 489C So nora Pass S 04 B Long Dry Canyon
460C Escalon 474D H u l l Creek 489D Pickel Meadow S 04C Risue Canyon
460D Oakdale 47SA Sta n i slaus 490A Dardanel les Cone S 04D Desert Creek Peak
461 A Peters 47SB M u rphys 490B S p i ce r M eadows Res. S O S A To paz Lake
461 B Stockton East 47SC Co l u m b i a 490C D o n n e l l Lake SOSB Heenan Lake
461 C Manteca 4 7 S D Co l u m b i a S E 490D Dard a n e l l e SOSC WolfCreek
461 D Ave na 476A Calaveritas 49 1 A Tamarack SOSD Colev i l l e
462A Stockton West 476B San A n d reas 491 B Calaveras Dome S06A M arkleevi l l e
462B Holt 476C Salt Spring Valley 491 C Boards Crossing S06B Carson Pass
462C Union Island 476D Angels Camp 49 1 D Li berty H i l l S06C Pacific Valley
462D Lath rop 477A Valley S prings 492A Garnet H i l l S06D Eb betts Pass
463A Woodward Island 477B Wal lace 49 2 B Devi ls N o se S 0 7A Caples Lake
463 B Brentwood 477C Valley Springs SW 492C Fort Mou ntain S 0 7 B Traged y Spring
463C Byron Hot Spri ngs 477D J e n n y Li nd 492D Dorri ngton S 07C Bear River Reservoi r
4 6 3 D Cl ifton C o u rt Forebay 478A C l e m ents 493A West Poi nt S 0 7 D M o ke l u m n e Peak
464A Antioch South 478B Lockeford 493 B Pine Grove S O SA Leek S p ri n g H i l l
464B Clayton 478C Waterloo 493C Mokel u m n e H i l l S08B Stu m p Spri ng, Calif.
464C Diablo 478D Linden 493D Rai l Road Flat ( = O l d I ro n M o u n tai n )
4 6 4 D Tassajara 479A Lod i North 494A Amador City S O SC Caldor
46SA Wa l n u t Creek 479B Thornton 494B I rish H i l l SOSD Ped d ler H i l l
46SB Briones Valley 479C Term i n o u s 494C lone S 09A S l y Park
46SC Oakland East 4 7 9 D Lod i South 494D J ackson S09B Ca m i n o
4 6 S D Las Tram pas Ridge 480A I s l eton 49SA Carbo n d a l e S 09C Aukum
466A Rich m o n d 480B Rio Vista 49 S B Slough h o u se S 0 9 D O m o Ranch
466B S a n Quentin 480C J e rsey Island 49SC Clay S 1 0A Placervi l l e
466C San Francisco North 480D Bou l d i n Island 49 S D Goose Creek S 1 0B S h i ngle Spri ngs
4 6 6 D Oakland West 48 1 A B i rd s Lan d i ng 496A Elk G rove S 1 0C Latro be
467A San Rafael 481 B Denverton 49 6 B Florin S 1 0 D Fid d l etown
467B Boli nas 48 1 C H o n ke r Bay 496C Brucevi l l e S11A Clarksvi l l e
467D Poi nt Bon ita 481 D Antioch North 4 9 6 D Galt S1 1 B Fol so m
467E D o u b l e Po i n t 482A Fairfi e l d South 497A Clarks b u rg S1 1 C B u ffa l o Creek
468B Anchorite H i l l s 482 B Cord e l i a 497B Saxon S1 1 D Fo lsom S E
468C West O f H u ntoon 482C Benicia 497C Li berty I sland S 1 2A Citrus H eights
Spring 48 2 D Vi n e H i l l 497D Courtland S 1 2B Rio Li n d a
468D H u ntoon S p ring 483A Cutti ngs Wharf 498A Dixon S 1 2C Sacramento East
469A Cedar H i l l 483B Sears Poi nt 498B Allendale S 1 2 D Carm ichael
469 B Ki rkwood Spring 483C Peta l u ma Poi nt 498C E l m i ra S 1 3A Taylor M o n u m e n t
469C S u l p h u r Pond 483D Mare Island 498D Dozier S 1 3B G rays B e n d
4 6 9 D Alameda Wel l 484A Peta l u ma River 499A Mt. Vaca S 1 3C Davis
470A Bod i e 484B Peta l u ma 499B Capell Va l l ey S 1 3 D Sacramento West
470 B B i g Alkali 484C San Gero n i m o 499C Mt. George S 1 4A Woo d l a n d
470C Lu ndy 484D Novato 499D Fairfi e l d N o rth S 1 4B M ad i so n
4 7 0 D Negit I sland 48SA Point Reyes N E SOOA You n tvi l l e S 1 4C Winters
47 1 A Twi n Lakes 48S B To m a l es SOOB Ruth erford S 1 4 D Merritt
471 B Buckeye Ridge 48SC Drakes Bay SOOC Sonoma S 1 SA Esparto
471 C M atterhorn Peak 48SD I nverness SOOD Napa S 1 SB Brooks
471 D D u n d erberg Peak 486C Aurora S01 A Kenwood S 1 SC Lake Berryessa
472A Tower Peak 487A Conway Stage Station S01 B Santa Rosa S1 SD Monticello Dam
472B Em igrant Lake 487B Sweetwater Creek S01 C Cotati S 1 6A Wa lter Spri ngs
472C Tilti l l Mtn. 487C Bridgeport S 0 1 D G l e n E l len S 1 6B Aetna Spri ngs
472 D Pi ute M t n . 487D Dome H i l l S 0 2A Sebastopol S 1 6C St. H e l e n a
4 7 3 A Cooper Peak 488A M t . Patterson S02B Camp Meeker S 1 6 D C h i les Val l ey

473B Pinecrest 488B Chris Flat S02C Valley Ford S 1 7A Detert Reservoi r
473C C herry Lake North 488C Fales Hot Spri ngs S 0 2 D Two Rock S 1 7B M o u n t St. Helena
473D K i b b i e Lake 488D Mt. J ackson S 03A Du ncans M i l l s S 1 7C Mark West S p ri ngs
474A Strawberry 489A Lost Can n o n Peak S03B Arched Rock S 1 7 D C a l istoga
474B Cra n d a l l Peak 489B Disaster Peak S03D Bod ega Head S 1 8A J i mtown
304 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T OF Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S

5 1 8B Geyservi l l e 533C Wh ispering P i n es 547D Salt Canyon 5620 Mou lton Weir
5 1 8C Guernevi l l e 5330 Middletown 548A H ough Spri ngs 5 63A Logan Ridge
5 1 8D Healdsburg 534A Kelseyv i l l e 548B Bartlett Springs 563B Rai l Canyon
5 1 9A Warm Springs Dam 534B H ighland Springs 548C C l earlake Oaks 563C Lodoga
5 1 9B To mbs Creek 534C Asti 5480 Ben m ore Canyon 5 6 3 0 Sites
5 1 9C Fort Ross 534D The Geysers 549A Bartlett Mtn . 5 64A Stonyford
5 1 9 D Cazadero 5 3 5A H op la n d 549B U pper Lake 5 64 B St. J o h n M t n .
5 2 0A An napo l i s 535B Yorkv i l l e 549C Lakeport 5 64C Fouts Spri ngs
520B Stewarts Po i n t 535C Big Foot M t n . 549D Lucerne 5 64D G i l m o re Peak
520D Plantatio n 5 3 5 0 Cloverdale 5 50A Cow Mou ntai n 565A Crockett Peak
521 C Carters Station 536A Ornbaun Val ley 550B U kiah 565B Lake P i l l s b u ry
522A M i nd e n 536B Zen i Ridge 550C E l ledge Peak 565C Elk Mou nta i n
522B South Lake Ta hoe 536C M c G u i re Ridge 550D Pu rdys Gard e n s 565D Potato H i l l
522C Freel Peak 5 3 6 D G u b e M o u n tain 551A Orrs Spri ngs 5 66A Van Arsdale Reservo i r
5 2 2 D Woodford s 5 3 7A E u reka H i l l 551 B Bailey Ridge 566B Foster M t n .
523A Emerald Bay 537B Point Are n a 551C Philo 566C Redwood Valley
523B Rockbou n d Valley 537C Saun ders Reef 551 0 Boonvi l l e 566D Potter Valley
523C Pyra m i d Peak 5 3 7 D G u alala 5 5 2A N avarro 5 67A Wi l l its
523D Echo Lake 5 3 8A Ki ngs Beach 552B Elk 567B B u rbeck
524A Loon Lake 5 3 8 B Tahoe City 552C Mallo Pass Creek 5 67C Greenough Ridge
524B Robbs Peak 538C H o m ewood 5 5 2 0 Cold Spring 5670 Laugh l i n Range
524C Riverton 5380 Meeks Bay 553A Albion 5 68A Nort h s p u r
524D Kyb u rz 5 3 9A Gran ite C h i ef 554A Boca 568B Noyo H i l l
525A Devil Peak 539B Royal Gorge 554B H o bart M i l l s 5 68 C Math i s o n Peak
525B Tu n ne l H i l l 539C B u n ker H i l l 554C Truckee 5 6 8 D Com ptche
5 2 5 C S l ate M t n . 5 3 9 0 Wentworth Spri ngs 554D M artis Peak 5 6 9A Fort B ragg
525D Pol lack Pines 540A D u n can Peak SSSA I n d ependence Lake 569D M e n d oc i n o
5 2 6A Georgetown 540B Westv i l l e 555B Webber Peak 570A Evans Canyon
526B Greenwood 540C M i c h igan B l u ff SSSC Soda Springs 570B Loya lton
526C Coloma 540D G r e e k Store 5550 N o rd e n 570C Sard i n e Peak
526D Garden Valley 541 A D u tc h Flat 5 5 6A Engl ish Mtn. 5700 Dog Valley
527A A u b u rn 541 B C h i cago Park 556B G ran itevi l l e 571 A Antelope Valley
527B Gold H i l l 541 C Colfax 556C B l u e Canyon 571 B Cal p i n e
527C Rockl i n 541 0 Forest h i l l 5 5 6 0 Cisco G rove 571 C Sattley
527D P i l ot H i l l 542A Grass Valley 5 5 7A A l l eghany 5 7 1 0 Si erravi l l e
5 2 8A Li n c o l n 542 B Rough And Ready 557B P i ke 572A Clio
528B S heridan 542C Wo l f 557C N o rth Bloomfi e l d 572B G o l d Lake
528C Pleasa n t G rove 542 D Lake C o m b i e 5 5 7 D Wash i ngton 572C Sierra City
5280 Rosevi l l e 5 4 3 A S m artvi l l e 5 5 8A C a m ptonvi lle 572D H aypress Valley
5 2 9A N icolaus 543 B Browns Valley 558B Challenge 573A Mt. Fi l l m o re
529B S u tter Causeway 543C Wheatland 5 5 8C French Corral 573B La Porte
529C Knights Lan d i ng 5430 Cam p Far West 558D Nevada City 573C Goodyears Bar
5 2 9 D Vero n a 544A Yuba City 559A Rackerby 5730 Oown i evi l l e
5 3 0A Kirkv i l l e 544B S u tter 559B Bangor 5 74A American H o u se
530B D u n nigan 544C G i lsizer S l ough 559C Lo m a Rica 5 74 B Cascade
5 3 0C Zamora 5440 O l iveh u rst 5 5 9 D Oregon H ouse 574C C l i pper M i l l s
5300 Eldorado Bend 545A Sutter Buttes 5 6 0A Palermo 5 74D Strawberry Valley
531A Wi ldwood School 545B Meri d i a n 560B Biggs 575A Brush Creek
531 B R u m sey 5 4 5 C G ri m es 5 6 0C G ri d l ey 575B Berry Creek
53 1 C Guinda S4SO Tisdale Weir 5600 H o n cut 575C Orovi l l e Dam
531 D Bird Val ley 546A Colusa 561A West Of Biggs 575D Forbestown
532A Glascock Mtn . 546B Wi l l ia m s 561 B Butte City 576A Cherokee
532B Wilson Valley 5 4 6 C Corti n a Creek 561 C San born Slough 576B H a m l i n Canyon
5 3 2 C J ericho Valley 5460 Arbuckle 561 0 Pen n i ngton 576C S h i ppee
5320 Knoxvi l l e 547A Manor S l ough 5 62A Princeton 5 7 6 D Orovi l l e
533A Lower Lake 547B Leesvi l l e 562B Loga n d al e 577A Ch ico
533B Clearlake H ighlands 547C Wi l b u r Spri ngs 562C Maxwe l l 577B Ord Ferry
 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A PS 305

S 77C Ll a n o Seco S92B Coh asset 606C Cari bou 6 1 7 D Garbervi l l e

S77D Nelson S92C Paradise West 6 0 6 D Twai n 6 1 8A H o neydew
S 78A H a m i lton City S92D Parad ise East 607A H u m bug Va l l ey 61 8B S h u brick Peak
S78B Orland S 9 3A Campbell M o u nd 607B H u m bo l d t Peak 6 1 8 D S h e l ter Cove
S 78 C Wi l l ows S93B Richardson Spri ngs NW 607C J o n esvi l l e 6 1 9A Cooskie Creek
S78D Glenn S 93 C N o rd 607D Belden 6 2 0A B u l l Flat
S 79 A Fruto N E S93D Richardson Spri ngs 608A Onion Butte 620B Little Mud Flat
S 7 9 B J u l i a n Rocks S94A Vi n a 608B Barkley M t n . 6 2 0C Wen d e l
S79C Fruto S94B Corn i n g 608C Devi l s Parade Grou n d 6 2 0 D S p e n cer Creek
S 7 9 D Sto n e Valley S 94C Kirkwood 608D Butte M eadows 62 1 A S h affer Mtn .
S 8 0A Chro m e S94D Foster Island 6 0 9A Panther Spring 621 B Litchfi eld
S 8 0 B A l d e r S p ri ngs S 9SA H e n leyvi l le 609B Dewitt Peak 62 1 C Stan d i s h
S80C Felkner H i l l S9SB Flou rnoy 609C Acorn H o l l ow 6 2 1 D Wen d e l H ot Spri ngs
S 8 0 D E l k Creek S9SC Sehorn Creek 609D l s h i Caves 622A J o h n sto n vi l l e
S81 A Plaskett Meadows S9SD Black Butte Dam 6 1 0A Tu scan S p ri ngs 622B S u sanvi l l e
S81 B Pl askett Ridge S 96A Paskenta 61 0B Red B l u ff East 622C Diamond Mtn .
S81 C H u l l M o u nta i n S96B Riley Ridge 61 QC Gerber 6 2 2 D J a n esvi l l e
S81 D Kneecap Ridge 596C H a l l Ridge 61 00 Los M o l i n o s 623A Roop M o u n ta i n
S82A Thatc h e r Ridge S96D Newvi l l e 61 1 A Red B l u ff West 623B Pegleg M t n .
S 8 2 B J a m ison Ridge S 9 7A B a l l M o u ntain 61 1 B Blossom 6 2 3 C Westwood East
S82C Brushy M t n . S97B Buck Rock 61 1 C Red Ba n k 623 D Fredonyer Pass
S 8 2 D S a n h e d ri n M t n . S97C M endocino Pass 6 1 1 D West Of Gerber 624A Swa i n M o u ntai n
S83A D o s Rios S97D Log Spri n g 6 1 2A Oxbow Bridge 624B Red C i n d e r
S83B Laytonvi l l e S 9 8A Leech Lake M t n . 612B Cold Fork 624C C h ester
S83C Longva l e S98B B l u e n ose Ridge 6 1 2C Ragl i n Ridge 6240 Westwood West
S 8 3 D Wi l l is Ridge S 9 8C Covelo East 612D Lowrey 62SA Mt. Harkn ess
S84A Cahto Peak S98D Newhouse Ridge 6 1 3A Yo lla B o l ly 1 S ' N E (was 62SB Read i n g Peak
S84B Li n co l n Ridge S 9 9A Mina To m h ead Mtn . 7. S ' ) 62SC C h i ld s Meadows
S84C Dutch m a n s K n o l l S99B U pd egraff Ridge 613B Yo l l a B o l ly 1 S ' N W (was 6 2 S O Stover M t n .
S 8 4 D S h e rwood Peak S99C I ro n Peak North Yo l l a Bolly 7. S ' ) 6 2 6A Lassen Peak
S 8 S A Westport S 9 9 D Covelo West 6 1 3 C Yo lla B o l ly 1 S ' SW (was 626B G rays Peak
S8SD I nglenook 600A Bell Spri ngs Solo m o n Peak 7. S ' ) 6 2 6C Lyo n svi l l e
S 86A Constantia 600B N o b l e Butte 6 1 3 D Yo l l a B o l ly 1 S ' S E (was 626D M i neral
S86B Fre n c h m a n Lake 600C Leggett South Yo l l a Bolly 7. S ' ) 6 2 7A M anton
S 86C C h i l coot 600D Ta n Oak Park 6 1 4A Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' N E 627B S h i ngletown
S86D Beckwo u rth Pass 60 1 A Pi ercy (was Black Rock Mtn. 6 2 7C l n skip H i l l
S 87A Dixie M o u ntain 601 B Bear H arbor 7. S ' ) 627D Fin ley Butte
S87B Crocker M t n . 601 C M istake Poi n t 6 1 4B Black Rock M tn . 1 S ' 628A Tu scan Buttes N E
S 87C Portola 601 D H ales G rove NW (was Swi m Ridge 628B Balls Ferry
S87D Recon naissance Peak 602A Calneva Lake 7. S ' ) 628C Bend
S 88A Grizzly Valley 602B Herlong 6 1 4C Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' SW 628D Dales
S88B Mt. I nga l l s 602C M c Kesick Peak (was Four Corners Rock 6 2 9A Cottonwood
S 88C J o h n svi l l e 602 D Doyle 7. S ' ) 629B Olinda
S88D B l a i rsden 603A M i lford 6 1 4D Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' S E 629C M i tch e l l G u l c h
S89A Spri n g Garden 603 B Stony Ridge (was Wrights Ridge 629D H ooker
S89B Q u i ncy 603C Sq u aw Val l ey Peak 7. S ' ) 630A Ono 1 S ' NE
S89C O n i o n Valley 603D Ferris Creek 6 1 SA S h a n n o n Butte (was O n o 7. S ' )
S89D B l u e Nose Mtn . 604A Antelope Lake 61 SB Zen i a 630B O n o 1 S ' NW
S 9 0A Meadow Va l l ey 604B Kettle Rock 6 1 SC Lake M o u ntain (was Tar B u l l y 7. S ' )
S90B Bucks Lake 604C Gen esee Valley 6 1 S D Long Ridge 630C O n o 1 S ' SW
S90C H aski ns Valley 604D Babcock Peak 6 1 6A Alderpo i n t (was C h i ckabally Mtn .
S90D Dogwood Peak 60SA Moon l ight Peak 61 6B Fort Seward 7.S ' )
5 9 1 A Storrie 60SB Greenvi l l e 6 1 6C Harris 630D O n o 1 S ' S E
S91 B K i m s h ew Point 6 0 S C Crescent M i l l s 6 1 6 D J ewett Rock (was Rosewood 7. S ' )
S91 C Pu lga 6 0 S D Taylorsv i l l e 6 1 7A M i ran d a 63 1 A C h a n c h e l u l l a Peak 1 S '
S 9 1 D Soapstone H i l l 6 0 6 A Canyo n d a m 61 7B Etters b u rg N E (was Arb u c kl e M t n .
S 9 2A Sti r l i n g City 606B Almanor 6 1 7C Briceland 7. S ' )
306 APPEND IX I : L I S T OF Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S

631 B Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 643A Swains H o l e 657D Ravendale 672A Arcata N o rth
NW ( was Chanchel u l l a 643B Old Station 6 5 8A Anderson Mtn . 672B Tye e City
Peak 7. 5 ) 643C West Prospect Peak 658B Whiti nger M t n . 672C Eureka
631 C Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 643 D Prospect Peak 658C Grasshopper Valley 6 7 2 D Arcata South
SW (was Plati na 7. 5 ' ) 644A Tho u sand Lakes Valley 6 5 8 D Cleghorn Flat 673A Sn ake Lake
6 3 1 D Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 644B J ac ks Backbone 6 5 9A Said Valley 673B Emerson Peak
SE (was Beegum 7. 5 ' ) 644C Viol a 659B S i lva Flat Reservoi r 673C Boot Lake
632A Du bake l l a M t n . 1 5 ' N E 644D M anzanita Lake 659C B u l lard Lake 673D Little H at M t n .
(was Wildwood 7. 5 ' ) 645A M i l l e r Mtn . 6 5 9 D S h eepshead 674A J ess Valley
632B Du bake l l a Mtn. 1 5 ' NW 645 B Whitm ore 6 60A Dixie Peak 674B Tu l e M o u n ta i n
(was Du bakella Mtn. 645C I nwood 660B Little Val l ey 674C M ad e l i n e
7. 5 ' ) 645D Hagaman G u l c h 6 60C Carders Reservoir 6740 Cold Spring Mtn.
632C Dubake l l a Mtn. 1 5 ' SW 6 4 6 A Oak R u n 6 6 0 D Straylor Lake 6 7 5A Likely
(was S m o ky Creek 7. 5 ' ) 646B B e l l a Vista 661 A Cable Mtn. 675B Knox M o u n ta i n
6 3 2 D Du bake l l a M t n . 1 5 ' S E 646C Palo Cedro 661 B H ogback Ridge 675C Ash Valley
(was Pony B u c k Peak 646D Clough G u lch 661 C M u rken Bench 675D H o l brook Canyon
7. 5 ' ) 647A Proj ect City 661 D J e l l ico 6 7 6A Am brose Valley
633A N au fu s Creek 647B Sh asta Dam 662A Cassel 676B Ad i n
633 B S p o rtshaven 647C Red d i ng 662B B u rney 676C Letterbox H i l l
633C Ruth Reservo i r 647D Enterprise 662C B u rney Mtn. West 6 7 6 D Lane Reservo i r
633D Forest G l e n 648A Wh iskeytown 662D B u rney Mtn. East 6 7 7A Big Swamp
634A D i n smore 648B Fre n c h G u lch 6 6 3A C h a l k Mtn. 677B Lookout
634B Larabee Valley 648C Sh asta B a l ly 663B Roari n g Creek 677C Biebe r
634C Blocks b u rg 648D Igo 663C M o n tgo mery Creek 677D Hog Valley
634D Black Lassie 649A Lewiston 663D H atchet Mtn. Pass 678A Day
635A Bridgevi l l e 649 B Weavervi l l e 664A Goose Gap 678B Ti m bered Crater
635B Redcrest 649C H oosi m b i m M t n . 6 64 B B o l l i bokka Mtn. 678C Fal l River M i l l s
6 3 5 C Weott 649D B u l ly C h o o p Mtn. 664C M i n n esota Mtn. 678D Pittvi l l e
635D Myers Flat 650A J u nction City 664D Devi ls Rock 679A East Of Po n d osa
636A Scotia 650B H ayfork Bally 665A H a n l a n d Peak 679B Pondosa
636B Taylor Peak 650C H ayfork 665B Lam o i n e 679C B u rney Fal l s
636C Buckeye Mtn. 650D H ayfork S u m m i t 665C B o h e m otash Mtn. 679D Dana
636D Bull Creek 65 1 A B i g Bar 665D O ' B ri e n 680A Dead Horse S u m mit
63 7 A Capetown 651 B Hyam pom Mtn. 6 6 6A D a m n ation Peak 680B Grizzly Peak
637B Cape M e n d o c i n o 651 C H ya m p o m 666B Tri n ity Center 680C Big Bend
637D Petro l i a 6 5 1 D H alf\.vay Ridge 666C Papoose Creek 680D S ku n k Ridge
6 3 8A Al S h i n n Canyon 652A S i m s M o u n tain 6 6 6 D S c h e l l Mtn. 68 1 A Lake McCloud
638B S h i n n M ou ntai n 652 B Board Cam p Mtn. 6 6 7A Covington M i l l 681 B G i rard Ridge
638C Five S p ri ngs 652C Sh owers Mtn . 667B S i l igo Peak 681 C Ye l l owjacket M t n .
6 3 8 D Cherry Mtn. 652D B l a ke M o u ntain 667C Rush Creek Lakes 6 8 1 D Shoei n h orse M t n .
6 3 9A S n owstorm M t n . 6 5 3A M ad River Buttes 6 6 7 D Tri n ity Dam 6 8 2A Dunsmuir
639B West Of S n owstorm 653B laqua Buttes 668A Mt. H i lton 682B Seven Lakes Bas i n
Mtn. 653C Owl Creek 668B Thu rston Peaks 682C Ch icken H awk H i l l
639C Petes Val l ey 6 5 3 D Yager J u nctio n 668C Helena 6 8 2 D To m bsto n e M t n .
639D Karlo 654A McWh i n n ey Creek 668D Dedrick 683A M u m bo Basin
640A Fredonyer Peak 654B Fie l d s Lan d i ng 669A J i m J a m Ridge 683B Tangle Blue Lake
640B Troxel Point 654C Fortu n a 669B Denny 683C Carrvi l l e
640C G a l l atin Peak 6 5 4 D Hydesvi l l e 669C I ro n s i d e Mtn. 6 8 3 D Whisky B i l l Peak
640D Tu n n ison M t n . 655A Can n i ba l I sland 669D Del Loma 684A B i l lys Peak
641 A Spald i n g Tract 655D Fernd a l e 670A Salyer 684B Dead man Peak

641 B C h a m ps Flat 6 5 6A Buckhorn Lake 670B Wil low Creek 684C Cari bou Lake

641 C Antelope Mtn . 656B Dodge Reservoir 670C G ro u se Mtn . 684D Ycatapom Peak

641 D P i kes Point 656C Observatio n Peak 670D H e n n essy Peak 6 8 5A Grassh o pper Ridge
642A H arvey Mtn . 656D Buckhorn Canyon 671 A Lord-Ellis S u m m it 685B Cecilvi l l e
642 B Poison Lake 6 5 7A J u n i per Ridge 671 B B l u e Lake 685C Cecil Lake
642C Bogard Buttes 657B McDonald Peak 671 C Korbel 6 8 5 D Thom pson Peak
642 D P i n e Creek Valley 6 5 7 C Termo 671 D M a p l e Creek 686A You ngs Peak
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 307

686B Salmon Mtn. 700A China Mtn. 7 1 4A S harp M t n . 727D H ager Basi n
6 8 6 C Tri n ity M t n . 700B Gaze l l e Mtn . 7 1 4B Bray 7 2 8A Sagebrush Butte
686D Dees Peak 700C Scott M o u ntain 7 1 4C Te n n ant 728B Carr Butte
687 A Hopkins Butte 700D South China M t n . 7 1 4D Garner Mtn . 7 2 8C D o u b l e Head M t n .
687B Weitchpec 701 A McConaughy G u lch 7 1 5A Penoyar 728D P i n n ac l e Lake
687C Hoopa 701 B Etna 715B G rass Lake 729A Newe l l
6 8 7 D Tish Tang Poi nt 701 C Eaton Peak 7 1 5C The Whaleback 7 2 9 B Tu lelake
688A French Cam p Ridge 701 D Cal l a h a n 71 SD West H aight M t n . 729C The Pan h a n d l e
688B Bald H i l ls 7 0 2 A Yel l ow D o g Peak 7 1 6A S o l o m o n s Tem p l e 7 2 9 D Copic
688C Panther Creek 702 B English Peak 71 6B Little S h asta 7 3 0A H atfi e l d
688D H u pa M o u n ta i n 702C Sawyers Bar 7 1 6C Lake Sh asti n a 730B Lower Klamath Lake
689A Rodgers Peak 702D Tan n ers Peak 7 1 6 D J u n i pe r Flat 730C Mount Dome
689C Tri n i d ad 703A M e d i c i n e Mtn . 7 1 7A M o n tague 7 3 0 D Captain J acks
6 8 9 D Cra n n e l l 703 B S o m es Bar 71 7B Yreka Stronghold
690A Hansen Island 703C Orleans Mtn . 7 1 7C Duzel Rock 731 A Sh eepy Lake
690B Warren Peak 703D Forks Of S a l m o n 7 1 7 D Gaze l l e 731 B Dorris
690C Eagle Peak 704A B a r k S h anty G u lc h 7 1 8A I n d ian Creek Baldy 73 1 C Sheep M o u n ta i n
690D Eaglevi l l e 704B Lonesome Ridge 718B Russell Peak 7 3 1 D R e d Rock Lakes
691 A S h i e l d s Creek 704C Fish Lake 7 1 8C Greenview 732A Sams Neck
691 B Dorris Reservo i r 704D Orleans 7 1 8 D Fort j o n es 73 2 B Secret S p ri ng M t n .
691 C Little J u n i pe r Reservo i r 705A Blue Creek Mtn . 7 1 9A Scott Bar 732C Panther Rock
6 9 1 D Soup Creek 705B Ah Pah Ridge 71 9B Grider Valley 732D M acdoel
692A Altu ras 705C H olter Ridge 7 1 9C Marble M o u ntain 733A Copco
692B Rattlesnake Butte 705D J o h n sons 71 9D Boulder Peak 73 3 B I ron Gate Reservoi r
692C Graven Ridge 706A Fern Canyon 720A H u ckleberry M t n . 733C Bogus M o u ntain
692D I n fernal Caverns 706D Orick 720B C l ear Creek 73 3 D Dewey G u lch
693A Canby 707A Boyd Hot S p ri n g 720C U konom M t n . 734A Horn brook
693B Was h i ngton Mtn. 707B Lake City 7 2 0 D U konom Lake 734B Cottonwood Peak
693C Ad i n Pass 707C Cedarvi l l e 721 A Bear Peak 734C Badger M t n .
693D Hermit Butte 707D Leonards Hot S p ri ngs 721 B Prescott Mtn . 7 3 4 D Hawki n svi l l e
694A Happy Camp Mtn. 708A Davis Creek 72 1 C C h i m ney Rock 735A Buc khorn Bal ly
694B Cra n k M o u n tain 708B Lau e r Reservoi r 721 D D i l lon M t n . 73 5 B Condrey M t n .
694C Don ica Mtn . 708C Su rprise 722A S h i p M o u ntain 735C Horse Creek
694D H a l l s Canyon 708D Payne Peak 722B Cant H oo k Mtn . 73 5 D McKin ley Mtn.
69SA H o l l e n beck 709A Dead H orse Reservo i r 722C Klamath G l e n 736A Dutch Creek
695B Border Mtn . 709B Whittemore Ridge 7 2 2 D S u m m i t Valley 73 6 B Kangaroo Mtn .
6 9 5 C Whiteh orse 709C Big Sage Reservoi r 723A Childs H i l l 736C Seiad Valley
6 9 5 D Egg Lake 709D M ahogany Ridge 723B Sister Rocks 73 6 D H a m b u rg
696A Porcu p i n e Butte 71 QA Boles Meadows East 723D Req ua 73 7A Figurehead Mtn .
696B Snag H i l l 71 OB Boles Meadows West 724A Lake A n n i e 737B Dead man Point
696C H a m bo n e 71 QC A m b rose 724B Mt. Bidwe l l 73 7C H appy Camp
696D I n d ian S p r i n g M t n . 71 OD J acks Butte 724C Fort Bidwell 73 7 D S l ater Butte
6 9 7A Horse Peak 71 1 A Lone Pine Butte 724D Larks p u r H i l l s 738A Po lar Bear Mtn .
697B Rai n bow M t n . 71 1 B Ri m rock Lake 725A Wi l l ow Ranch 738B Broken Rib Mtn .
697C Kinyon 71 1 C Spa u l d i ng Butte 725B West Of Wi l low Ranch 738C Devi ls Punch bowl
697D Bartle 71 1 D Knobcone Butte 725C McGi nty Poi nt 73 8 D Preston Peak
698A Ash Creek Bu tte 71 2A Perez 7 2 5 D Sugar H i l l 739A S h e l l y Creek Ridge
698B Mt. S hasta 71 2 B Caldwell Butte 726A Pease Flat 739B H igh Plateau Mtn .
698C M cC l o u d 71 2C West Of Kephart 726B Beaver M t n . 739C Gasquet
698D Elk S p r i n g 71 2 D Kephart 7 2 6 C South Mtn . 73 9 0 H u rdygurdy Butte
699A H otl u m 71 3A Schonchin Butte 726D McGi nty Reservo i r 740A H igh Divide
6 9 9 B Weed 71 3 B Bon ita Butte 7 2 7A Weed Valley 740 B S m ith River
699C M o u n t Eddy 71 3C Little Glass Mtn . 727B Steele Swa m p 740C Crescent City
699D City Of Mount S hasta 71 3D M e d i c i n e Lake 7 2 7C Pothole Valley 7400 H io u c h i
308 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

Quad rangle N ames

373A Aberdeen 604A Antelope Lake 688B Bald H i l l s 408 B Big Basin
3 78A Academy 641 C Antelope Mtn. 1 93C Bald Mou ntain 1 3 1 D Big Bear City
45 6 D Ackerson Mtn . 2 6 6A Antelope Plain 1 09 C Baldwin Park 1 05 B Big Bear Lake
027C Acolita 571A Antelope Valley 1 33 B Baldy Mesa 680C Big Bend
609C Acorn H ollow 48 1 D Antioch N o rth 5 97A Ball M o u n ta i n 535C Big Foot Mtn.
1 36 B Acton 464A Antioch South 302C Ball arat 075A Big Maria Mts. NE
270A Ade l a i d a 2 78A Anvi l S p ri n g Canyon 1 91 B Bal l i nger Canyon 075B Big Maria Mts. NW
1 5 8C Adelanto East 41 6 B Balloon D o m e 075D Big Maria Mts. SE
676B Adin 278B Anvi l Spring Canyon 628B B a l l s Ferry 075C Big Maria Mts. SW
693C Ad i n Pass West 559B Bangor 3 9 3A Big Pine
1 59 B Ad obe Mtn . 0 6 6C Anza 433A Banner Ridge 1 67 B Big Pine Mtn .
5 1 6B Aetna S p ri ngs 1 9 1 D Apache Canyon 1 73A Bannock 709C Big Sage Reservoir
0 1 9A Agua Cal i ente Spri ngs 1 5 7C Apple Valley North 01 2D Bard 344D Big S u r
1 3 7A Agua D u lce 1 32 B Apple Valley South 704A Bark Sh anty G u l c h 677A Big Swamp
049A Aguanga 0 1 2C Araz 608B Barkley M t n . 560B Biggs
705B Ah Pah Ridge 546D Arbuckle 009B Barrett Lake 1 76 C Bighorn Basin
4 1 8 D Ahwah nee 672A Arcata N o rth 1 82A Barstow 1 30 D Bighorn Canyon
281 B Airport Lake 6 7 2 D Arcata South 1 82 D Barstow S E 684A Bil lys Peak
638A Al S h i n n Canyon 503B Arched Rock 697D Bartle 380D Biola
4 6 9 D Alameda Well 422C Arena 329A Bartlett 208A Bird Spring
1 64 B Alamo M o u n ta i n 0 9 7C Arica Mou nta i n s 549A Bartlett M t n . 531 D Bird Valley
01 SB Alamorio 076C Arlington M i n e 548B Bartlett Spri ngs 48 1 A B i rd s Lan d i ng
069B Alberh i l l 221 A Arroyo Grande N E 41 8C Bass Lake 4 1 3C Bishop
5 53A Albion 01 8B Arroyo Tapiado 1 93 B Bates Canyon 1 8 6A Bissell
31 5B Alca l d e H i l l s 2 1 4A Arvin 319D Bear Canyon 204B Bitter Spring
2 9 6A A l d e r Peak 4 5 6C Asce nsion Mtn . 601 B Bear Harbor 595D Black Butte Dam
580B Alder S p rings 698A Ash Creek Butte 213B Bear Mou ntain 233A Black H i l l s
6 1 6A Alderpo i n t 1 53A Ash H i l l 72 1 A Bear Peak 634D Black Lassie
5 5 7A Alleghany 675C Ash Valley 5 0 7C Bear River Reservoi r 1 64A Black M t n .
498 B Allendale 345B Ashton 43 9 D Bear Valley 6 1 4A B l a c k Rock Mtn. 1 5 ' N E
288C Allensworth 534C Asti 346C BeattyJ u n ction (was Black Rock M t n .
606B Almanor 1 83C Astley Rancho 084B Beau m o n t 7. 5 ' )
288B Alpaugh 246B Atascadero 048B Beauty Mou ntain 6 1 4B Black Rock M t n . 1 5 '
021 D A l p i n e 4 2 2 D Atwater 726B Beaver Mtn. NW (was Swim Ridge
1 60 B A l p i n e Butte 3 9 7C Auberry 586D Beckwourth Pass 7. 5 ' )
261 A Alta S ierra 5 2 7A Au b u rn 372D Bee S p ri ngs Canyon 6 1 4D Black Rock Mtn. 1 5 ' S E
445 B Altamont 3 5 5 D Auckland 607D Belden (was Wrights Ridge
692A Alturas 043A August i n e Pass 600A B e l l S p ri ngs 7. 5 ' )
2 0 5 D Alvord Mtn . East 509C Aukum 646B B e l l a Vista 6 1 4C Black Rock M t n . 1 5 '
205C Alvord Mtn . West 4 8 6 C Aurora 242B B e l ridge SW (was Fou r Corners
494A Amador City 252C Avawatz Pass 4 1 9C Ben H u r Rock 7. 5 ' )
1 5 1 C Am boy 4 6 1 D Ave na 238C Bena 0 8 7C Black Star Canyon
1 52 D Am boy Crater 3 1 4C Ave nal 628C Bend 067 A Blackb u rn Canyon
71 OC Am brose 2 9 0C Ave nal Gap 482C Benicia 395D Blackcap Mtn .
676A Am brose Valley 060C Aztec M i nes 548D Ben m o re Canyon 372B Blackrock
574A American H o u se 1 09 B Azusa 450C Benton 2 74 D Blackwater M i n e
0 2 8 D Amos 604D Babcock Peak 45 1 D Benton Hot Springs 233D Blackwater We l l
ANAC Anacapa Island 068D Bac helor Mtn . 400C Berenda 266D Blackwe l l s Corner
088C A n a h e i m 460A Bach e l o r Valley 575B Berry Creek 588D B l a i rsden
468 B Anchorite H i l l s 734C Badger Mtn. 1 1 1C Beverly H i l l s 652D Blake M o u n ta i n
6 5 8A And erson M t n . 301A Badwater 363C B i c kmore Canyon 41 2 B Bla nco Mtn .
4 7 6 D Angels C a m p 1 52C Bagdad SW 677C B i eber 1 75 D Blind Hills
520A A n n a p o l i s 551 B Bai ley Ridge 470B Big Al kal i 401 C Bliss Ranch
4 0 9 D Aiio N u evo 228D Baker 651A Big Bar 634C Blacksburg
 A P P E N D I X I : L I ST O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 309

434C Bloody Mtn . 1 2 6C Bristol Lake SW 1 2 5C Cadiz Lake 235C Cantil

61 1 B Blossom 382D Broadview Farms 1 2 5A Cadiz Lake N E 360D Cantua Creek
5 5 6C Blue Canyon 1 78C Broadwell Lake 1 25 B Cadiz Lake NW 606A Canyondam
705A Blue Creek M t n . 1 78A Broadwell Mesa 1 5 0C Cadiz S u m m i t 637B Cape M e n d o c i n o
671 B Blue Lake 738B Broken Rib Mtn. 0 9 9 A Cadiz Va l ley N E 296B C a p e San Marti n
r
0 2 7A B l u e M o u ntain 515B Brooks 099B Cadiz Valley NW 499B Capell Valley
589D Blue Nose Mtn. 1 51 B Brown Buttes 0 9 9 D Cadiz Val ley S E 63 7A Capetown
598B Blu e n ose Ridge 543 B Browns Valley 099C Cadiz Valley SW 507 A Caples Lake
058D Blythe 496C Brucevi l l e 584A Cahto Peak 7 3 0 D Captain Jacks
058A Blythe N E 575A Brush Creek 0 6 7 D Cah u i l la M t n . Stronghold
652B Board Camp Mtn . 443D Brush Lake 31 O B Cairn s Corner 49SA Carb o n d a l e
49 1 C Boards Crossing 582C Brushy Mtn. 1 33 C Cajon 606C Cari bou
5 54A Boca 295D Bryson 1 1 2B Calabasas 684C Caribou Lake
5 0 3 D Bodega H ead 597B Buck Rock 491 B Calaveras D o m e 343 B Carm e l Val l ey
470A Bod i e 636C Buckeye Mtn. 4 2 7A Calaveras Reservoir 5 1 2 D Carm i c h ael
642C Bogard Buttes 471 B B u c keye Ridge 476A Calaveritas 243A Carneros Rocks
733C Bogus M o u ntain 735A Buckhorn Bally 508C Caldor 1 42A Carpinteria
665C Bohemotash M t n . 656D Buckhorn Canyon 712B Caldwe l l Butte 728B Carr Butte
322D Bole Spring 656A B u c khorn Lake 220A Caldwe l l Mesa 0 1 8 0 Carrizo M t n .
71 OA Boles M eadows East 439A Buckhorn Peak 004B Calexico 0 1 8A Carrizo M t n . N E
71 OB Boles M e adows West 438D Bucki n gham Mtn. 3 3 7 D Calflax 6 8 3 C Carrvi l l e
467B Bolinas 590B Bucks Lake 2 1 8 D Caliente Mtn. 506B Carson Pass
664B B o l l i bokka M t n . 048A Bucksnort Mtn. 21 O B California City North 5 2 1 C Carters Station
004A Bonds Corner 1 77 D Budweiser Wash 21 OC Californ i a City South 3 5 8 D Caruthers
71 3 B Bon ita Butte S1 1 C Buffa l o Creek 285B California Hot Spri ngs 433D Casa Diablo M t n .
307D Bon ita Meadows 636D B u l l Creek 244D Californ ia Val ley 3 0 7A Casa Vieja Meadows
380B Bon ita Ranch 6 2 0A B u l l Flat 029C Cali patria SW 574B Cascade
388C Bo n n i e Claire SW 659C B u l lard Lake ( =Westmorland West) 397B Cascade! Poi n t
050C B o n sa l l 649 D B u l l y Choop Mtn. 5 1 7 D Cal istoga 332A Case M o u nta i n
5 5 1 D Boo nvi l l e 539C B u n ke r H i l l 7 0 1 D Callahan 1 9 6 D Cas m a l i a
6 7 3 C Boot Lake 1 1 1A B u rban k 6 0 2A Calneva Lake 6 6 2A Cassel
695B Border Mtn. 567B B u rbeck 571 B Cal p i n e 1 SOB Castle Dome
2 09C Boron 295C B u rnett Peak 1 2 6A Cal u m et M i n e 2 24C Castle Peaks
2 09A Boron N E 662 B B u rney 1 2 6 D Cal u m et M o u ntains 1 46C Castle Rock
209B Boron NW 679C B u rney Fal ls 2 74 B Calvada Springs 408A Castle Rock Ridge
031 B Borrego M o u n ta i n 662D B u rney Mtn . East 1 1 4A Camari l lo 1 04C Catclaw Flat
031 D Borrego Mou ntain S E 662C B u rney Mtn . West 2 6 8 D Camatta Canyon 082C Cathedral City
047C Borrego Palm Canyon 1 63A Bu rnt Peak 245A Camatta Ranch 420A Catheys Valley
032A Borrego S i n k 336B Bu rrel 2 7 1 D Cam bria 435C Cattle M t n .
049C Boucher H i l l 3 3 5A Bu rris Park 008B Cameron Corners 2 04D Cave Mou nta i n
71 9 D Boulder Peak 281 D Bu rro Canyon 509B Cam i n o 247B Cayucos
480D Bould i n Island 296D Bu rro Mou ntain 543D Camp F a r West 5 1 9 D Cazadero
450D B o u n dary Peak 1 32 D Butler Peak 502B Camp Meeker 685C Cec i l Lake
707 A Boyd Hot S p ring 561 B Butte City 3 0 8A Camp Nelson 685B Cec i l vi l l e
2 94D Bradley 608D Butte Meadows 1 55 B Camp Rock M i n e 3 74C Cedar G rove
2 1 9A B ranch Mtn . 066D Butterfly Peak 308B C a m p Wi shon 469A Cedar H i l l
0 1 6A Brawley 241 B Buttonwi l l ow 593A Cam pbell M o u n d 445D Cedar M t n .
01 6B Brawley NW 079D B uzzard Spring 0 0 8 C Campo 707C Cedarvi l l e
7 1 4B Bray 0 2 6A Buzzards Peak 558A Camptonvi l l e 3 2 8 D Cente n n ial Canyon
2 3 8A Breckenridge Mtn . 463C Byron Hot Spri ngs 0 7 0 D Can ada Gobernadora 442C Ceres
463 B Brentwood 084A Cabazon 693A Canby 362B Cerro Colorado
6 1 7C Briceland 661A Cable Mtn. 2 5 9C Cane Canyon 3 5 0 D Cerro Gordo Peak
487C Bridgeport 21 1 B Cache Peak 2 84D Can n e l l Peak 330B Chagoopa Fal l s
6 3 5A Bridgeville 0 1 3C Cactus 6 5 5A Can n i bal I s l a n d 4320 Chalfant Val l ey
465B Bri o n es Valley 3 0 5 D Cactus Peak 1 1 2A Canoga Park 6 6 3A C h a l k Mtn.
1 26 B Bristol Lake NW 1 51 D Cadiz 722B Cant H oo k M t n . 558B C h a l l enge
310 APPEN D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D RA N G LE M A PS

641 B Cham ps Flat 5 5 6 D Cisco G rove 6 1 9A Cooskie Creek 424A Crows Land i ng
63 1 A Chanchel u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 5 1 2A Citrus H eights 733A Copco 2 03C Crucero H i l l
N E (was Arbuckle Mtn . 6 9 9 D City Of Mount S hasta 7 2 9 D Copic 43 5 D Crystal Crag
7. 5 ' ) 2 3 7A Claravi l l e 425A Copper Mtn . 1 3 S D Crystal Lake
631 B Chanchel u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 0 4 7 D Clark Lake 2 79C Copper Queen Canyon 1 08A Cucamo nga Peak
NW (was Chanch e l u l la 047A Clark Lake N E 459 B Copperopolis 233C C u d d e back Lake
Peak 7. 5 ' 249D Clark M t n . 3 1 2 D Corcoran 1 90 D C u d d y Val l ey
6 3 1 D Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 1 OOD Clarks Pass 482 B Cord e l i a 2 1 3 D C u m m i ngs M t n .
SE (was Beegum 7. 5 ' ) 497A Clarksburg 660C Corders Reservo i r 428D C u pert i n o
63 1 C Chanch e l u l la Peak 1 5 ' 51 lA Clarksvi l l e 061 A Corn Spring 31 SC C u rry M o u nta i n
SW (was Plat i n a 7. 5 ' ) 4 9 5 C Clay 594B Corn i n g 483A Cutti ngs Wharf
361A Chaney Ranch 464B Clayton 087A Corona N o rth 1 92A Cuyama
383A Charl eston School 720B C l ear Creek 0 8 7 D Coro n a South 191C Cuya m a Peak
1 47 D Chemeh uevi Peak 533B Clearlake H igh l a n d s 546C Cort i n a Creek 0 2 0A Cuyamaca Peak
5 76A Cherokee 5 4 8 C Clearlake Oaks 3 1 8C Cosio Knob 270C Cypress M o u ntain
473C Ch erry Lake N o rth 6 5 8 D Cleghorn Flat 305C Coso j u nction 1 81 C Daggett
45 6 B Ch erry Lake South 1 2 7 D Cleghorn Lakes 304B Coso Peak 1 OOB Dale Lake
638D Ch erry Mtn. 478A C l e m ents SOl C Cotati 628D Dales
363B Ch erry Peak 463D Cl ifton Court Forebay 629A Cottonwood 6 6 6A Damnation Peak
624C Chester 5 72A Clio 063B Cottonwood Basi n 679D Dana
343 D Ch ews Ridge 5 74C C l i pper M i l l s 348D Cottonwood Canyon 052B Dana Po int
541 B C h i cago Park 646D Clough G u lch 734B Cottonwood Peak 1 5 0A Danby
682C Chicke n H awk H i l l 53SD C l overdale 063A Cottonwood Spring 098A Danby Lake
332C Chicke n coop Canyon 3 78C Clovis 131A Cougar Buttes 300B Dantes View
5 77A Chico 013B Clyd e 439B Coultervi l l e 490D Dard a n e l l e
432C C h i d ago Canyon 2 1 5 D Coal O i l Canyon 4 9 7 D Courtland 490A Dardanel les Cone
1 3 6 D C h i lao Flat 3 1 5A Coali nga 395C Cou rtright Reservoi r 327D Darwin
586C C h i lcoot 1 64D Cobblestone Mtn . 598C Covelo East 399C Dau lton
723A C h i lds H i l l 592B Coh asset 599D Covelo West 408C Dave n port
6 2 5 C C h i lds M eadows 360B Coit Ranch 667A Covington M i l l 51 3C Davis
5 1 6 D C h i les Va l ley 6 1 2B Cold Fork 226C Cow Cove 708A Davis Creek
2 1 8B C h i m i n eas Ranch 5 5 2 D Cold Spring 5 5 0A Cow Mou ntain 449C Davis M o u n ta i n
2 1 9C C h i m ney Canyon 674D Cold Spring Mtn . 202C Cowh o l e M o u ntain 678A Day
72 1 C C h i m n ey Rock 5 0 5 D Colevi l l e 3 9 2A Cowhorn Val l ey 367C Daylight Pass
304A C h i n a Gard e n s 541 C Colfax 452A Cowtrack M ou ntain 709A Dead H o rse Reservo i r
700A China Mtn. 047B Col l i n s Valley 078A Coxcomb Mts. 680A Dead H o rse S u m m i t
458C C h i nese Camp 526C Col o m a 393B Coyote Flat 1 2 8A Dead man Lake N E
3 8 6A C h itte n d e n 1 75 B Colton We l l 2 0 6 D Coyote Lake 1 28 B Dead man Lake NW
346B C h l orid e City 475C Col u m bia 006B Coyote We l l s 1 28D Dead man Lake S E
41 1 B C h ocol ate M t n . 200C Col u m bia Mtn. 306C Crag Peak 1 2 8C Dead man Lake SW
2 68A Cholame 4 7 5 D Col u m bia SE 3 5 0A Craig Canyon 299C Dead man Pass
292C Cholame H i l l s 546A C o l u sa 474B C ra n d a l l Peak 684B Dead man Peak
2 9 2 D C h o l a m e Valley 5 6 8 D Comptche 694B C rank M o u n ta i n 737B Dead man Po int
361 B Chou net Ranch 1 36C Condor Peak 6 8 9 D C ra n n e l l 322C Death Valley J u nction
40 1 D Chowc h i l l a 735B C o n d rey M t n . 740C Crescent City 668D Dedrick
488B C h ris Flat 3 1 9C Cone Peak 605C Crescent M i l l s 41 2 D Deep S p ri ngs Lake
2 5 6 D C h ristmas Canyon 357C Conej o 224B Crescent Peak 2 63A Deepwe l l Ranch
580A C h ro m e 0 7 9 C Conej o Wel l 422B Cressey 686D Dees Peak
3 6 5 D C h u a lar 2 7 7 D Confi d e n ce H i l l s East 2 6 9 D Creston 669D Del Loma
1 25 D Chubbuck 277C Confi d e n ce H i l l s West 452C Crestview 022B Del M ar
042 B C h u ckwa l l a S p ri n g 2 1 5A Conner 404B Crevison Peak 1 62A Del S u r
0 4 0 C C i bola 2 1 5C C o n n e r SW 587B Crocker Mtn . 287C Delano East
339A Ciervo Mtn. 5 8 6A Constantia 5 6 5A Crockett Peak 288D Delano West
201A Cima 434D Convict Lake 204A Cronese Lakes 402C Delta Ranch
226D Cima Dome 487 A Conway Stage Station 41 2A Crooked Creek 261 C Dem ocrat Hot Spri ngs
2 3 6 D Cinco 473A Cooper Peak 236C Cross Mou ntain 442 D Denair
329B C i rq u e Peak 441 A Cooperstown 094B Cross Roads 332D Denn ison Peak
..
 A PPEN D IX I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 31 1

669B Denny 632B D u bakella M t n . 1 S ' NW 348A East Of Sand Flat 6 1 7B Etters bu rg
481 B Denverton (was D u bake l l a Mtn. 1 S2A East O f Siberia 672C Eureka
020D Descanso 7. S ' ) 3 69A East OfTin M o u n ta i n S 3 7A E u reka H i l l
248 D Desert 632D Du bake l l a M t n . 1 S ' S E 1 01A East O f Va l l ey M t n . S 70A Evans Canyon
061 B Desert Center (was Pony Buck Peak 078D East OfVictory Pass 333C Exeter
S04D Desert Creek Peak 7. S ' ) 371A East OfWaucoba 426A Eylar Mtn .
083A Desert Hot Spri ngs 632C D u bake l l a Mtn . l S ' SW Canyon 4 9 9 D Fai rfi e l d North
1 7S A Desert S p ri ng (was S mo ky Creek 7. S ' ) 391 D East OfWaucoba 482A Fairfi e l d South
S 1 7A Detert Reservoir 446B Dublin S p ring 1 87C Fai rm ont Butte
S2SA Devil Peak 4S7A Du ckwa l l Mtn. 70 1 C Eaton Peak 284B Fairview
3 24D Devi l s G o l f Course 287A Ducor S06D Eb betts Pass 1 S 7 D Fairview Valley
1 64C Devi l s H eart Peak 290A D u d ley Ridge 323B Echo Canyon 488C Fales H ot Spri ngs
492B Devils Nose 01 OA D u lzura S23D Echo Lake 368C Fal l Canyon
608C Devi l s Parade Grou n d 2Sl B D u m ont Du nes 239D Ediso n 678C Fal l River M i l ls
738C Devi l s Punch bowl S40A D u n can Peak 1 8S B Edwards OS l A Fal l b rook
664D Devils Rock S03A D u ncans M i l ls 6 9 S D Egg Lake 4S4B Fal l s Ridge
324C Devi l s Speedway 471 D Dund erberg Peak 02 1 C El Cajon 263C Famoso
1 07 B Devore 20 4C D u n n 021A El Cajon Mtn. FARA Fara l l o n Islands
733D Dewey G u lch S30B D u n n igan 437B El Capitan 460B Farmi ngton
609B Dewitt Peak 682A Dunsmuir 0 8 SA El Casco 1 31 C Fawnskin
4S2D Dexter Canyon 04SA D u rm i d 01 6D El Centro 438C Feliciana M tn .
464C Diablo 04S D D u rm i d S E 1 S9C El M i rage S80C Fe l kn e r H i l l
622C D i a m o n d Mtn. 307C Du rrwood Creek 1 1 OD El Mo nte 2 1 7A Fel l ows
721 D D i l lo n Mtn. 736A Dutch Creek 401 B El Nido 408D Felton
396C D i n key Creek S41 A Dutch Flat 234B El Paso Peaks 1 74C Fe n n e r
634A Di nsm ore S84C Dutch mans Knoll 438A El Portal 1 74B Fe n n e r H i l l s
489 B Disaster Peak 7 1 7C Duzel Rock 3 1 2C El Rico Ranch 1 74D Fe n n e r S p ring
S 87A Dixie M o u ntain 43 1 A Dyer 070B El Toro 706A Fern Canyon
6 6 0A Dixie Peak 232A Eagle Crags S30D Eldorado Bend 6 S S D Ferndale
498A Dixon 2 9 9A Eagle Mtn. SS2B Elk 603 D Ferris Creek
6S6B Dodge Reservoir 690C Eagle Peak S80D Elk Creek S l O D Fid d l etown
S70D Dog Valley 1 90 B Eagle Rest Peak 4 9 6A Elk Grove 6S4B Fie l d s Land ing
3 9 6A Dogtooth Peak 690D Eaglevi l l e S6SC E l k M ou ntain 1 3 2A Fifteen m i l e Va l l ey
S90D Dogwood Peak 032C Earth q u ake Valley 698D E l k S p ri n g 1 68 B Figueroa M tn .
3SOC Dolom ite 082A East Deception Canyon 2 1 7D El khorn H i l l s 7 3 7A Figurehead Mtn .
487D Dome H i l l 241 C East Elk H i l l s S SO C E l ledge Peak 1 39 B Fi l l m o re
338D Domengine Ranch 0 2 7 D East Of Acolita 498C E l m ira 6 2 7 D Fi n l ey Butte
694C Don ica Mtn. 060D East Of Aztec M i n es S23A Emerald Bay 38l C Firebaugh
490C Donnell Lake 1 78 D East Of Broadwell Lake 237D Emerald Mtn . 381A Firebaugh N E
49 2 D Dorrington 346A East Of Chloride City 1 29 B Emerson Lake 418B Fish Camp
731 B Dorris 1 OOA East Of Dale Lake 673B Emerson Peak 704C Fish Lake
691 B Dorris Reservoi r 299D East Of Dead man Pass 32SB Em igrant Canyon 413B Fish S lough
382B D o s Palos 3 2 3A East Of Ech o Canyon 266B Em igrant H i l l 3 9 3 D Fish Spri ngs
1 43 B Dos P u e b l os Canyon 231 D East Of Goldsto n e 472B Em igrant Lake 33 7 A Five Poi n ts
S 83A Dos Rios 098D East Of G ran ite Pass 32SC Emigrant Pass 638C Five Spri ngs
728C Double Head Mtn. 1 99A East Of G rotto H i l l s 036D Enci n itas 1 73 D Flattop Mtn .
467E Double Poi nt 1 98 D East Of H o m e r M t n . S S 6A Engl ish Mtn. 41 SC Florence Lake
2 3 6A Dove Spring 391 A East OfJ o s h u a Flats 702B English Peak 496B Florin
S73D Downievi l l e 2SOA East Of Kingston Peak 647D Enterprise S9SB Flournoy
6 0 2 D Doyle 2SOD East Of Ki ngston Spring 2 7 7A Epau l et Peak Sl 1 B Fo lsom
498 D Dozier 20SA East Of Langford We l l 460C Esca l o n Sl 1 D Fo lsom SE
48SC Drakes Bay 2S3D East Of Leach Lake 03SD Esco n d i d o 1 0 7C Fontana
230A Drin kwater Lake l 24D East Of M i l l igan S 1 SA Esparto 046C Fonts Po i n t
369D Dry Bone Canyon 2S3A East O f Owl Lake 3 1 SD Espi nosa Canyon S 7 S D Forbestown
3 70A Dry M o u ntain 679A East O f Pon d osa 1 49 B Essex 060A Ford Dry Lake
632A D u bake l l a Mtn. 1 S' N E 0 6 2 D East O f Red Canyon 2 69A Estrella 1 OSC Forest Fal l s
(was Wi ldwood 7. S ' ) 3 2 3 D East O f Ryan 701 B Etna 633D Forest G l e n
312 APPENDIX I: L I S T OF Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

541 D Forest h i l l 700B Gaze l l e M t n . 002B Grays Wel l 690A H a n se n I s l a n d

703 0 Forks O f Salmon 1 20C Gene Wash 002A G rays Wel l N E 737C Happy Camp
724C Fort Bidwell 354B Gen eral Grant G rove 540D Greek Store 694A Happy Camp Mtn.
5 69A Fort Bragg 604C Genesee Valley 273B G re e n M o n ster M i n e 031 C Harper Canyon
230C Fort I rwin 5 2 6A Georgetown 1 62 C G reen Val l ey 030C Harpers Well
7 1 8 0 Fort j o n es 6 1 0C Gerber 341 C G reenfi e l d 6 1 6C Harris
492C Fort M o u n ta i n 5 1 8B Geyservi l l e 5 67C G reen ough Ridge 348C Harris H i l l
5 1 9C Fort Ross 3 540 G iant Forest 7 1 8C G reenview 337C Harris Ra nch
61 6B Fort Seward 2 8 6A G i bbon Peak 605B Greenvi l l e 1 06 B Harrison Mtn .
654C Fortuna 5 640 G i l m ore Peak 3 00A Greenwater Canyon 2240 Hart Peak
5 940 Foster Island 4060 G i l roy 526B Greenwood 1 80 B Harvard H i l l
566B Foster Mtn . 405C G i l roy Hot Spri ngs 379B G regg 642A Harvey M t n .
1 76A Fou ntain Peak 544C G i lsizer S lough 71 9B Grider Val l ey 590C Haski n s Valley
286B Fou n tain Spri ngs 681 B G i rard Ridge 5 60C Grid l ey 423B Hatch
5 64C Fouts S p ri ngs 0 1 4A Glamis 545C Grimes 6630 Hatchet Mtn. Pass
1 92 0 Fox M o u ntain 0 1 4B Glamis NW 680B G rizzly Peak 730A Hatfi e l d
1 94C Foxe n Canyon 0 1 40 Glamis SE 588A Grizzly Val l ey 1 21 B Havasu Lake
409A Fra n k l i n Poi nt 0 1 4C G l a m i s SW 096C Grom met 7340 Hawki n svi l l e
322B Fra n k l i n We l l 5 3 2A G lascock M t n . 3470 Grotto Canyon 201 D Hayden
1 8 9C Frazier M t n . 1 77A G l asgow 1 99 B Grotto H i l ls 062B H ayfield
309B Frazier Valley 45 1 C G lass M o u n ta i n 670C Grouse Mtn. 062A H ayfi e l d Spring
6 2 3 0 Fredonyer Pass 501 D Glen Ellen 457C G rove land 650C H ayfork
640A Fredonyer Peak 1 09A G l e n d o ra 1 9 6A G ua d a l u p e 650B H ayfork Bally
522C Freel Peak 5780 Glenn 5 3 7 0 G ualala 6500 H ayfork S u m m i t
2 58C Freeman j u nction 261 B G l e n nville 1 08 0 G uasti 5720 Haypress Valley
208B Fre m o n t Peak 3090 G lobe 5 3 6 0 G u be Mou nta i n 42 1 A H aystack M t n .
688A Fre nch C a m p Ridge 1 2 9 0 Goat M o u n tai n 5 1 8C G u ernevi l l e 447A H ayward
558C French Corral 1 74A G offs 3 1 2B G u ern sey 5 1 80 Healdsburg
648 B Fre nch G u lch 3 6 7 0 G o l d Center 3 1 4B G u ijarral H i l l s 005A Hebe r
586B Fre n c h m a n Lake 527B Gold H i l l 53 1 C Gui nda 1 79C Hector
3790 Fresn o N o rth 572B G o l d Lake 423C G u sti n e 0 1 3A Hedges
3 5 8A Fresn o South 389A G o l d M o u ntai n 2890 H ac i e n d a Ra nch 505B Heenan Lake
378B Friant 300C G o l d Valley 289A H ac i e n d a Ran c h N E 668C Helena
080B Fried Liver Wash 231 C Gol dstone 289B H ac i e n d a Ra nch NW 1 5 8A Helendale
044C Fri n k 1 43A Goleta 1 9 9C H ackberry M o u n ta i n 3590 Helm
044A Fri n k N E 3 64C Gonzales 645 0 H agaman G u lch 067B H e m et
044B Fri n k NW 5 73 C Goodyears Bar 7270 H ager Bas i n 595A H e n l eyvi l l e
579C Fruto 49 5 0 Goose Creek 306A H aiwee Pass 670 0 H e n n essy Peak
579A Fruto N E 664A Goose Gap 305B H aiwee Reservoirs 3400 Hepsedam Peak
1 55C Fry M o u n tai n s 2400 G osford 601 D H ales Grove 602B Herlong
3000 Funeral Peak 334C Goshen 437A H al f Dome 6930 Hermit Butte
324A Furnace Creek 1 5 6 0 G ra n d View M i n e 429 B H al f Moon Bay 340A Hernandez Reservoi r
026C Gab les Wash 5 3 9A Gran ite Chief 651 D H alfWay Ridge 3 79C Herndon
301 C Galena Canyon 098C Gran ite Pass 596C H a l l Ridge 1 3 3A Hesperia
2 1 0A G a l i leo H i l l 2 2 7 0 Gran ite S p ring 2 2 7C H a l l oran S p ri ngs 45 5 B Hetch Hetchy Reservoi r
640C Gal latin Peak 556B Gran itevi l l e 6940 H a l l s Canyon 1 60A H i Vista
4 9 6 0 Galt 1 89 B Grapevi n e 696C Hambone 1 2 9A H i dalgo M t n .
1 54C Galway Lake 368B Grapevi n e Peak 7360 H a m b u rg 254B H i d d e n S p ri n g
6 1 7 0 Garbervi l l e 715B Grass Lake 294B H a m es Val l ey 1 79A H i d d e n Valley East
5 2 6 0 Garden Valley 542A Grass Valley 578A H a m i lton City 1 79 B H i d d e n Valley West
2 3 5A Garlock 685A Grasshopper Ridge 576B H a m l i n Canyon 740A H igh Divide
7 1 4 0 Garner Mtn. 658C Grasshopper Va l l ey 43 2 B H a m m i l Val l ey 32 1 C H igh Peak
492A Garnet H i l l 3 80C Gravelly Ford 382C H a m m o n d s Ranch 739B H igh Plateau M t n .
291 B Garza Peak 692C Graven Ridge 301 B H a n a u pah Canyon S34B H ighland Spri ngs
739C Gasq uet 41 5 B G raveyard Peak 335C H a nford 1 67 0 H i ld reth Peak
1 44 B Gaviota 51 3B G rays Bend 390B Hanging Rock Canyon 1 82 B H i n kley
7 1 7 0 Gaze l l e 626B G rays Peak 665A H a n l a n d Peak 740 0 Hiouchi
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A PS 313

554B Hobart M i l ls 1 93 D H u rricane Deck 3 5 9 B J amesan 604B Kettle Rock

307B Hockett Peak 65 1 C Hyampom 5 8 2 B J a m ison Ridge 3 1 3C Kettleman City
1 82 C Hodge 651 B Hyampom Mtn . 01 OB J a m u l M o u ntai n s 291 A Kettleman Plain
677D Hog Valley 654D Hydesvi l l e 6 2 2 D Jan esvi l l e 081 B Keys View
661 B Hogback Ridge 653B l aq u a Buttes 4 5 7 D Jawbone Ridge 459D Keystone
675D Hol brook Canyon 276D I bex Pass 661 D J el l ico 473D Kibbie Lake
267C H o l l a n d Canyon 276C I bex S p ring 477D J en ny Li n d 591 B Kimshew Point
6 9 5A H o l l e n beck 339B l d ri a 5 3 2 C J ericho Valley 5 3 8A Kings Beach
385C H o l l i ster 066B l d yllwild 480C J e rsey Island 250B Kingston Peak
111D H o l lywood 648D Igo 6 74A Jess Valley 250C Kingston Spring
462 B Holt 420D Illinois H i l l 6 1 6 D J ewett Rock 43 8 B Kinsley
705C H olter Ridge 01 1 D I m perial Beach 669A J i m Jam Ridge 6 9 7C Kinyon
015D Ho ltvi l l e East 01 1 E I m perial Reservo i r 5 1 8A J i mtown 530A Kirkvi l l e
0 1 5A Ho ltvi l l e N E 0 0 7A l n -ko-pah Gorge 338C Joaq u i n Rocks 594C Ki rkwood
0 1 5C Ho ltvi l l e West 076D I n ca 234C J o h a n n es b u rg 469B Ki rkwood Spring
1 73 B Homer 372C I n d ependence 330A J o h nson Peak 400D Kismet
1 9 8C Homer Mtn. 555A I n depen dence Lake 285A J o h nsondale 722C Klamath G l e n
538C H o m ewood 1 02 C I n d i a n Cove 70SD j o h nsons 234A K l i n ke r M t n .
280B H o m ewood Canyon 7 1 8A I n d i a n Creek Baldy 622A J o h nstonvi l l e 581 D Kneecap Ridge
560D Honcut 430C I n d i an Garden Creek 5 8 8 C J o h nsvi l l e 459C Kn ights Ferry
6 1 8A H o n eydew 420B I n d ian G u l c h 2 9 5 B J o lon 529C Kn ights La n d i ng
481 C H o n ker Bay 451 B I n d i an Meadows 6 0 7C J o n esvi l l e 262( Knob H i l l
629D H o o ke r 202A I n d ia n Spring 2 2 5 C J oshua 71 1 D Knobcone Butte
687C H oopa 696D I n d ian Spring M t n . 391 B J oshua Flats 399A Knowles
649C Hoosi m b i m M t n . 064B I n d io 1 03A J oshua Tree N o rth 675B Knox M o u n tain
687A H o pk i n s Butte 692D I n fernal Caverns 1 03 D J oshua Tree South 532D Kn oxvi l l e
059C H o p k i n s Well 585D I nglenook 0 3 3 D J u l ian 453C Ko i p Peak
535A H o pl a n d 090A I nglewood 5 7 9 B J u l ian Rocks 671 C Korbel
224A H o pps Well 403 B I nga mar 650A J u nction City 1 83 B Kramer H i l l s
097 A H o rn Spring 627C l n skip H i l l 453D J u n e Lake 1 84A Kramer J u n cti o n
734A H o rn brook 48 5 D I nverness 7 1 6 D J u n i pe r Flat 31 5D Kreyen h agen H i l l s
439C Horn itos 645C I nwood 1 3 5 B J u n i pe r H i l l s 524D Kyb u rz
2 5 9 D H orse Canyon 258A l nyokern 1 9 8A J u n i pe r M i n e 3 1 4D La C i m a
735C H orse Creek 258D l nyokern S E 43 1 B J u n i pe r M t n . 4 4 6 D La Costa Valley
697 A H orse Peak 494C lone 6 5 7A J u n i pe r Ridge 440B La Grange
41 1 D H orse Th ief Canyon 028B I ris 3 1 9 B J u n i pero Serra Peak 088B La H abra
2 74C H orse Th ief Springs 043 B I ris Pass 4 1 6C Kaiser Peak 429D La H o n d a
41 9 D H o rsecamp Mou ntain 043C I ris Wash 030D Kane Spri ng 022C La J o l l a
048 D H ot S p ri ngs Mtn. 494B I rish H i l l 030A Kane Spring N E 1 88C La Liebre Ranch
699A Hotl u m 733B I ro n Gate Reservo i r 030B Kane S p r i n g NW 0 2 2 D La M esa
548A H o ugh Spri n gs 098B I ro n Mou ntains 736B Kangaroo Mtn . 244C La Panza
404A Howard Ranch 599C I ro n Peak 639D Karla 244A La Panza N E
220D H u as n a Peak 1 55 D I ro n Ridge 332B Kawea h 244B La Panza Ranch
720A H u c kleberry M t n . 669C I ro n s i d e M t n . 358B Kearney Park 058E La Paz M t n .
474D H u l l Creek 426D I s a b e l Valley 373D Kearsarge Peak 573B L a Porte
581 C H u l l M o u ntain 609D l s h i Caves 328A Keeler 065A La Q u i nta
607B H u m boldt Peak 480A I s l eton 2 1 3A Keene 071 D Lagu na Beach
1 01 D H u m bug M o u nta i n 333B Iva n h o e 1 0 6A Kel l e r Peak 01 1 F Lag u n a Dam
607A H u m bug Va l l ey 225D lvanpah 534A Kelseyv i l l e 383D Lagu na Seca Ra nch
3 75 C Hume 248C lvanpah Lake 201 C Kelso 724A Lake An n i e
377B H u m p h reys Statio n 349D J ackass Canyon 1 76 B Kelso Du nes 1 3 2C Lake Arrowh ead
448A H u nters Poi nt 1 84C J ackrabbit H i l l 501A Kenwood 5 1 5( Lake Berryessa
3965 H u ntington Lake 644B jacks Backbone 712D Kep h a rt 1 6 8C Lake Cac h u ma
468 D H u ntoon Spring 71 OD Jacks Butte 3 5 9A Kerman 707B Lake City
688D H u pa M o u ntain 494D Jackson 330C Kern Lake 542D Lake Combie
739 D H u rdygurdy Butte 007C Jacu m ba 330D Kern Peak 456A Lake Eleanor
3 1 4A H u ron 302 B J a i l Canyon 284C Kernville 069A Lake Elsi n ore
314 APPENDIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

0840 Lake Fu l m or 3360 Lemoore 2 5 7A Lone Butte 435A Mammoth Mtn.

1 21A Lake Havasu City South 707D Leonards Hot Spri ngs 351 D Lone Pine 41 70 Mammoth Pool Dam
1 62 B Lake H ughes 6 7 6C Letterbox H i l l 71 1A Lone Pine Butte 027B Mam moth Wash
260B Lake Isabella North 1 84B Leu hman Ridge 444C Lone Tree Creek 1 80A Manix
260C Lake Isabella South 360C Levis 289C Lone Tree Wel l 279B Manly Fal l
086C Lake Mathews 649A Lewiston 704B Lonesome Ridge 2 79A Manly Peak
681A Lake McCloud 491 D Li berty H i l l 089C Long Beach 547A Manor Slough
6 1 5C Lake Mountain 497C Li berty Island 306D Long Canyon 461 C Manteca
565B Lake Pil lsbury 426C Lick Observatory 504B Long Dry Canyon 627A Manton
7 1 6C Lake Shastina 1 63 B Liebre Mtn. 61 5D Long Ridge 351 B Manzanar
549C Lakeport 1 88A Liebre Twi n s 583C Longvale 6440 Manzanita Lake
0850 Lakeview 675A Likely 340C Lonoak 1 94A Manzanita Mtn.
665B Lamoine 338B Lil l i s Ranch 677B Lookout 671 D Maple Creek
239C Lamont 270B Li m e Mountain 5 24A Loon Lake 7 1 9C Marble Mountain
2 83 0 Lamont Peak 5 28A Li ncoln 2460 Lopez Mtn. 483 0 Mare Island
1 61 A Lancaster East 584B Li ncoln Ridge 320D Lopez Point 051 B Margarita Peak
1 61 B Lancaster West 478D Linden 237C Loraine 2 1 6C Maricopa
1 29C Landers 3 1 OA Li ndsay 671 A Lord-Ellis S u m m it 3 66A Mari na
206C Lane Mou ntain 1 65 C Lion Canyon 089D Los Alam itos 374A Marion Peak
6760 Lane Reservoir 043 D Lion Head Mtn. 1 70A Los Alamos 419B Mariposa
379A Lanes Bridge 621 B Litchfield 1 1 OC Los Angeles 437 0 Mariposa Grove
205B Langford Wel l 1 87 D Little Buttes 403 D Los Banos 384B Mariposa Peak
634B Larabee Valley 042A Little Chuckwalla Mts. 3 84A Los Banos Valley 5 1 7C Mark West Spri ngs
724D Larkspur H i lls 713C Little G lass Mtn. 407B Los Gatos 5 06A Markleevi lle
051 C Las Pu lgas Canyon 673 D Little H at Mtn. 2 1 9B Los M achos H i l l s 201 B Marl Mou ntai ns
465 D Las Tram pas Ridge 69 1 C Little J u n i per Reservoir 6 1 00 Los Moli nos 06SD Martinez Mtn.
243 B Las Yeguas Ranch 282B Little Lake 1 69A Los Ol ivos 1 23C Marti ns Wel l
626A Lassen Peak 076B Little Maria Mts. 290B Los Viejos 554D Martis Peak
41 OC Last Chance Mtn. 620B Little Mud Flat 489A Lost Cannon Peak 568C Math ison Peak
390D Last Chance Range SE 042 D Little M u l e Mts. 265C Lost H ills 1 41 A Mati l ij a
390C Last Chance Range SW 0 1 2A Little Picacho Peak 2 65A Lost H ills NE 471 C Matterhorn Peak
4620 Lathrop 1 67C Little Pine Mtn. 265B Lost H i lls NW 303C Maturango Peak
335B Laton 1 49A Little Piute Mountains 3040 Lou isiana Butte 303A Maturango Peak N E
51 OC Latrobe 7 1 6B Little Shasta 1 60 0 Lovejoy Buttes 3030 Maturango Peak S E
708B Lauer Reservoir 41 7B Little Shuteye Peak 730B Lower Klamath Lake 562C Maxwel l
5670 Laugh l i n Range 3990 Little Table Mtn. 533A Lower Lake 3 72A Mazourka Peak
407C Laurel 660B Little Valley 371 0 Lower Warm Spri ngs 698C McCloud
1 54A Lavic Lake 1 60C Littlerock 6120 Lowrey 701 A McConaughy G u lch
1 54 D Lavic S E 008A Live Oak Springs 570B Loyalton 059A McCoy Peak
41 3A Laws 446A Livermore 549D Lucerne 059B McCoy Spring
255B Layton Spri ng 362C Llanada 131 B Lucerne Valley 058B McCoy Wash
5 83 B Laytonvi lle 5 77C Llano Seco 376C Luckett Mtn. 657B McDonald Peak
400B Le Grand 478B Lockeford 1 53 B Lud low 2 63 B McFarland
253C Leach Lake 2080 Lockhart 1 53 D Lud l ow SE 725C McGinty Point
2540 Leach Spring 1 65A Lockwood Val ley 470C Lundy 7260 McGi nty Reservoir
1 27 B Lead Mountain 353C Lodgepole 626C Lyonsville 536C McGuire Ridge
1 27C Lead M ou ntain SW 479A Lodi North 732 0 M acdoel 602C McKesick Peak
1 27A Lead Mtn . N E 479D Lodi South 653A M ad River Buttes 735 D McKin ley Mtn .
1 89 D Lebec 563C Lodoga 674C M adel ine 243 0 McKittrick S u m mit
453A Lee Vi ning 597D Log Spring 380A M adera 654A McWh i n ney Creek
3 2 7A Lee Wash 5 63A Logan Ridge 5 1 4B M ad ison 590A Meadow Valley
598A Leech Lake Mtn. 562B Logandale 1 67A M ad u lce Peak 064D Mecca
508A Leek Spring H i l l 242A Lokern 709 0 Mahogany Ridge 713D Medicine Lake
345 0 Leeland 4070 Loma Prieta 357B Malaga 703A Medicine Mtn .
345C Lees Cam p 559C Loma Rica 081A M alapai H i l l 5380 Meeks Bay
547B Leesvi lle 1 70 B Lompoc 1 1 2C Malibu Beach 1 30A Melvi l l e Lake
600C Leggett 1 70C Lompoc H i lls 552C Mallo Pass Creek 445C Mendenhall Springs
ti
 APPENDIX I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 315

569D Mendocino 7 1 7A Montague 6 2 5A Mt. Harkness 447 D N ewark

597C Mendocino Pass 448C Montara Mou ntain 364B Mt. Harlan 1 80C Newberry Springs
381 D Mendota Dam 366C Monterey 3 9 5A Mt. Henry 1 1 3B Newbury Park
42 1 C Merced 663C Montgomery Creek 415D Mt. Hilgard 729A Newell
440 D Merced Fal l s 5 1 SD Monticello Dam 668A Mt. H ilton 1 38A Newhall
436 B Merced Peak 441 C M ontpe l i er 588B Mt. Ingalls 598D Newhouse Ridge
362A Mercy H ot Spri ngs 019B M o n u m ent Peak 488D Mt. Jackson 424D Newman
545 B Merid ian l 47B M o n u m ental Pass 352C Mt. Kaweah 071 B Newport Beach
5 1 4D Merritt 605A Moonlight Peak 351C Mt. Langley 596D Newville
034A Mesa Grande 1 OSA Moonridge 436A Mt. Lyel l 529A N icolaus
1 34B Mescal Creek 1 39C M oorpark 406C M t . Madonna 029A N i l and
2 26A Mescal Range 1 23 D M opah Peaks 1 97C Mt. Manchester 446C N iles
347B Mesq uite Flat 009A M orena Reservoir 4 l 4B Mt. Morgan 282C N i n e m i l e Canyon
249A Mesq uite Lake 406B M organ H i l l 488A Mt. Patterson 220C N ipomo
249B Mesq uite Mountai ns 1 53 C M organs Wel l 373B Mt. Pinchot 225A N ipton
2 1 4C Mettler 301 D M ormon Point 435 B Mt. Ritter 600B Noble Butte
540C Michigan Bluff 1 04 D M orongo Valley 698B Mt. Shasta 2980 Nopah Peak
200B Mid H i l l s 247 A Morro Bay North 3538 Mt. S i l l i man 593C Nord
533D Middletown 247D Morro Bay South 406A Mt. Sizer SSSD Norden
445A Midway 051 D Morro H i l l 425C Mt. Stakes 557C North Bloomfield
003A Midway Wel l 063C Mortmar 3 94A Mt. Thom pson 341 B North Chalone Peak
003B Midway Wel l NW 33 1 C M oses Mtn. 499A Mt. Vaca 2 1 0D North Edwards
603A M i l ford 387D M oss Landing 352A Mt. Wi l l iamson 3 98A North Fork
645A Mi ller Mtn. 562D Mou lton Weir 1 1 OA Mt. Wi lson 228A North Of Baker
398D M i l lerton Lake East 297C Mound Spring 207D Mud H i lls 2630 North OfOildale
398C M i l lerton Lake West 453B Mount Dana 3 54A M u ir Grove 2 75A North OfTecopa Pass
1 24C M i l l igan 730C Mount Dome 040A M u le Wash 394D North Palisade
215B M i l l ux 699C Mount Eddy 683A M u mbo Basin 5 68A Northspur
427B M i l p itas 364D Mount johnson 661 C M u rken Bench 326D Nova Canyon
599A Mina 0 1 9C Mount Lagu na 475 B M u rphys 484D Novato
428C M i ndego H i l l 1 34C Mount San Antonio 068C Murrieta 568B Noyo H i l l
522A M i nden OOS B Mount S ignal 3 97A M usick Mtn . 665D O' Brien
626D M i n eral 5 1 7B Mount St. Helena 405A Mustang Peak 398B O'Neals
225B M i n eral H i l l 4 1 4C Mount Tom 635D Myers Flat 646A Oak Run
331 A M i n eral King 352D Mount Whitney 082D Myoma 460D Oakdale
1 81 D M i n n eola 281A M ou ntain Springs SOOD N apa 465C Oakland East
664C M i n n esota Mtn. Canyon 01 lA N ational City 466D Oakland West
1 37 B M i nt Canyon 428A M ou ntain View 3 65A N atividad 046A Oasis
261 D Miracle H ot Springs 2 1 6A M outh Of Kern 317B N attrass Valley 1 38D Oat Mou ntain
355A Miramonte ( = Buena Vista Lake 633A N aufus Creek 656C Observation Peak
6 1 7A M i randa Bed) 552A N avarro 029B Obsidian Butte
219D Miranda Pine Mtn . 4 1 SA Mt. Abbot 1 81 B Nebo 221 D Oceana
405 B Mississippi Creek 238B Mt. Adelaide 1 72 D Needles 036B Oceanside
601 C Mistake Point 1 08B Mt. Baldy 1 72 B Needles NW 01 3D Ogi l by
629C Mitchell G u lch 43 1 C Mt. Barcroft 1 72 C Needles SW 239B O i l Center
458D Moccasin 026B Mt. Barrow 1 88 D Neenach School 240A Oildale
1 23A Mohawk Spri ng 724B Mt. Bidwel l 470D Negit I sland 238D Oiler Peak
21 l C Mojave 425B Mt. Boardman 577D Nelson 1 40B Ojai
21 1A Mojave N E 352B Mt. Brewer 231A Nelson Lake 3290 Olancha
493C Moke l u m n e H ill 344A Mt. Carmel 396D Nelson Mtn . 202D Old Dad Mtn.
507D Moke l u m n e Peak 373C Mt. Clarence King 349C Nelson Range 252B Old I bex Pass
306B Monache Mou ntain 394B Mt. Darwin 558D Nevada City 434B Old Mam moth
3 1 7A Monarch Peak 4268 Mt. Day 3460 N evare s Peak 1 66C Old Man Mou ntain
452B Mono M i l l s 573A Mt. Fi l l more 1 92 B New Cuyama 643 B Old Station
361 D Monocline Ridge 499C Mt. George 1 OOC New Dale 1 30B Old Woman Spri ngs
212D Monolith 416D Mt. G ivens 459A New M elones Dam 1 49C Old Woman Statue
334A Monson 394C Mt. Goddard 350B New York Butte 629B Olinda
316 APPEN DIX I : LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

544D Oliveh urst OSOD Pala 085C Perris 537B Poi nt Arena
509D Omo Ranch 077C Palen Lake 484B Petaluma 1 71 C Poi nt Arguello
608A Onion Butte 0770 Palen Mou ntains 483C Petaluma Point 4670 Point Bon ita
589C Onion Val l ey 077A Palen Pass 484A Petaluma River 1 45 B Poi nt Conception
630A Ono 1 5 ' N E (was Ono 560A Palermo 461 A Peters 1 13D Poi nt D u m e
7. 5 ' ) 083D Palm Spri ngs 639C Petes Valley 01 1 B Point Loma
630B O n o 1 5 ' NW (was Tar 066A Palm View Peak 3 04C Petroglyph Canyon 1 1 4D Poi nt M ugu
Bu lly 7. 5 ' ) 1 61 D Pal mdale 637D Petrolia 485A Point Reyes N E
630D O n o 1 5 ' S E (was 428B Palo Alto 320E Pfeiffer Poi nt 1 96 B Poi nt Sal
Rosewood 7. 5 ' ) 646C Palo Cedro 1 34A Phelan 344C Poi nt Sur
630C O n o 1 5 ' S W (was 342B Palo Escrito Peak 551 C Philo 642B Poison Lake
Ch ickabally Mtn. 7. 5 ' ) 040B Palo Verde 025D Picacho 738A Polar Bear Mtn.
1 08C Ontario 041 0 Palo Verde Peak 025B Picacho NW 413D Poleta Canyon
259B Onyx 0490 Palomar Observatory 0 1 2B Picacho Peak 5250 Pol lack Pines
1 04B Onyx Peak 3020 Panamint 025C Picacho SW 2 64A Pond
207B Opal Mou ntain 3 2 6A Panam i nt Butte 489D Pickel Meadow 679B Pondosa
088D Orange 326C Panam i nt Springs 271 C Pico Creek 696A Porcu pine Butte
356A Orange Cove North 3 1 70 Pancho Rico Val l ey 3 77C Piedra 080D Porcu pine Wash
356D Orange Cove South 362D Panoche 2 72A Piedras Blancas 222A Port San Lu is
267B Orchard Peak 3 63A Panoche Pass 601A Piercy 31 OD Portervi lle
1 95C Orcutt 2 1 7B Panorama H i lls 409 B Pigeon Point 587C Portola
577B Ord Ferry 688C Panther Creek 557B Pike 285C Posey
1 56A Ord Mountain 732C Panther Rock 641 D Pikes Point 381 B Poso Farm
559D Oregon House 609A Panther Spring 527D Pilot Hill 074B Poston
424C Orestimba Peak 666C Papoose Creek 232B Pilot Knob 5650 Potato H i l l
706D Orick 592D Paradise East 255D Pilot Knob Valley East 727C Pothole Valley
578B Orland 2 06A Paradise Range 255C Pilot Knob Valley West 009D Potrero
704D Orleans 592C Paradise West 061 D Pilot Mou ntain 566D Potter Valley
703C Orleans Mtn . 342 D Paraiso Spri ngs 341 D Pinal ito Canyon 022A Poway
536A Ornbau n Valley 095A Parker 642 D Pine Creek Valley 245D Pozo S u m m it
063D Orocopia Canyon 095B Parker NW 377D Pine Flat Dam 087B Prado Dam
576D Orovi lle 095D Parker S E 493B Pine Grove 721 B Prescott Mtn.
575C Orovi lle Dam 095C Parker SW 262D Pine Mou ntain 738D Preston Peak
551A Orrs Springs 292B Parkfield 473 B Pinecrest 3 1 6B Priest Valley
383C Ortigalita Peak 320B Partington Ridge 728D Pin nacle Lake 562A Princeton
383B Ortigalita Peak NW 1 1 OB Pasadena 080A Pi nto Mou ntain 647A Project City
0 1 0C Otay M esa 5 96A Paskenta 2 00A Pi nto Valley 643 D Prospect Peak
01 OD Otay M ou ntain 269B Paso Robles 078B Pi nto Wells 386C Pru nedale
328B Owens Lake 1 89A Pastoria Creek 236B Pi nyon Mtn . 591 C Pulga
258B Owens Peak 371 C Pat Keyes Canyon 1 39A Piru SSOD Purdys Gardens
420C Owens Reservoir 424B Patterson 221 B Pismo Beach 291 D Pyramid H i l l s
653C Owl Creek 3 76A Patterson Mtn. 1 41 C Pitas Point 523C Pyramid Peak
253B Owl Lake 441 B Pau lsel l 678D Pittvi lle 254A Quail Spring
382A Oxalis 708D Payne Peak 472D Piute Mtn . 026D Quartz Peak
6 1 2A Oxbow Bridge 1 93A Peak Mountain 237B Piute Peak 1 02 D Queen Mtn.
1 1 4B Oxnard 282D Pearsonvi lle 2 88A Pixley 384C Quien Sabe Valley
249C Pachalka Spri n g 726A Pease Flat 0 79A Placer Canyon 589B Qui ncy
404C Pacheco Pass 271 A Pebblestone Sh ut-in 5 1 OA Placerville 286C Qui ncy School
405 D Pacheco Peak OSOA Pechanga 40 1 A Plainsburg 331 D Q u i n n Peak
506C Pacific Valley 508D Pedd ler H i l l 421 D Planada 046 B Rabbit Peak
1 36A Pacifico Mou ntain 623B Pegleg Mtn. 520D Plantation 559A Rackerby
267D Packwood Creek 042C Pegleg Wel l 581 A Plaskett Meadows 6 1 2C Ragl i n Ridge
3 64A Paici nes 561 D Pen nington 581 B Plaskett Ridge 563B Rai l Canyon
31 1 B Paige 440A Penon Blanco Peak 0 1 7D Plaster City 493 D Rai l Road Flat
0 1 7C Painted Gorge 71 SA Penoyar 0 1 7B Plaster City NW 697B Rai n bow Mtn .
2 1 8A Painted Rock 2 1 6D Pentland 528C Pleasant Grove 358C Raisin
1 49 D Painted Rock Wash 7 1 2A Perez 1 90A Pleito Hills 034D Ramona
 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A PS 317

343A Rana Creek 1 61 C Ritter Ridge 235B Saltdale NW 5 6 1 C San born Slough
033A Ranchita 451A River Spri ng 235D Saltdale S E 2 6 2 B Sand Canyon
293D Ranchito Canyon 442 B Riverban k 045 B Salton 348B Sand Flat
065B Rancho M i rage 336A Riverdale 670A Salyer 3 90A Sand Spring
1 66 B Rancho N u evo Creek 086A Riverside East 732A Sams Neck 402A Sandy Mush
035C Rancho Santa Fe 086B Riverside West 476B San Andreas 3 57A Sanger
692 B Rattlesnake Butte 5 24C Riverton 3 1 7C San Ardo 5 8 2 D Sanhedri n Mtn.
1 30C Rattlesnake Canyon 663B Roari ng Creek 363D San Benito 1 42 B Santa Barbara
657D Ravendale 524B Robbs Peak 339C San Ben ito Mtn. SBRA Santa Barbara Island
399B Raymond 340B Rock Spring Peak 1 07A San Bernard i n o North S CTE Santa Catalina East
400A Raynor Creek 523B Rockbound Valley 1 07 D San Bernardi no South S CTN Santa Catalina North
625B Readi ng Peak 283B Rockhouse Basin 079B San Bernard i n o Wash SCTS Santa Catalina South
587D Reconnaissance Peak 081 D Rockhouse Canyon 052A San Clemente SCTW Santa Catal ina West
61 1 C Red Bank 5 27C Rocklin SCMC San Clemente I sland 387E Santa Cruz
6 1 0B Red Bl uff East 333D Rocky H i l l Central SCZA Santa Cruz I sland A
611A Red BluffWest 689A Rodgers Peak S C M N San Clemente Island SCZB Santa Cruz I sland B
1 84 D Red Buttes 034B Rodriquez Mtn . North SCZC Santa Cruz Island C
062C Red Canyon 1 8SA Rogers Lake North SCMS San Clemente I sland SCZD Santa Cruz Island D
624B Red Cinder 1 85D Rogers Lake South South 246A Santa M argarita
061 C Red Cloud Canyon 068B Romoland 1 09 D San Dimas 245C Santa M argarita Lake
234D Red Mountain 623A Roop Mountain 385B San Fel ipe 1 95 B Santa M aria
229D Red Pass Lake 059D Roosevelt Mine 1 37C San Fernando 1 40 D Santa Pau la
2 29A Red Pass Lake N E 1 86C Rosamond 466C San Francisco North 1 40A Santa Pau la Peak
229B Red Pass Lake NW 1 86D Rosamond Lake 448B San Francisco South 402D Santa Rita Bridge
731 D Red Rock Lakes 240B Rosedale 484C San Gero n i m o 3 3 9 D Santa Rita Peak
635B Redcrest 528D Rosevi l l e 1 05 D S a n Gorgonio Mtn. 5 0 1 B Santa Rosa
647C Redd ing 542 B Rough A n d Ready 429C San Gregorio 3 2 7 B Santa Rosa Flat
1 06C Red lands 3 75 B Rough Spur 1 65 B San G u i l lermo 1 70 D Santa Rosa H i l l s
1 85C Red man 378D Rou n d Mou ntain 084C San Jaci nto S ROE Santa Rosa Island East
090C Redondo Beach 4 1 4A Rovana 083C San Jaci nto Peak S RON Santa Rosa Island
447C Redwood Poi nt 539B Royal Gorge 359C San Joaq u i n North
5 66C Redwood Valley 384D Ruby Canyon 4 2 7 D S a n Jose East S ROS Santa Rosa Island
356C Reedley 531 B Ru msey 427C San J ose West South
3 1 9A Reliz Canyon 667C Rush Creek Lakes 3 8 6 D San J uan Bautista SROW Santa Rosa Island West
335 D Rem noy 7 1 8B Russell Peak 070C San J uan Capistrano 1 38C Santa Susana
723D Req ua 633C Ruth Reservoir 447B San Leandro ( � S i m i Valley East)
275B Resting Spri n g 500B Rutherford 3 1 8A San Lucas 407A Santa Teresa H i lls
303B Revenue Canyon 323C Ryan 404D San Lu is Dam 1 69 D Santa Ynez
242C Reward 097B Sablan 246C San Lu is Obispo 033C Santa Ysabel
1 66A Reyes Peak 283A Sacatar Canyon 403A San Lu is Ranch 1 9 1 A Santiago Creek
097D Rice 1 45A Sacate 036A San Lu is Rey 0 70A Santiago Peak
593D Richardson Spri ngs 376B Sacate Ridge 0 3 5 B San Marcos 5 70 C Sard ine Peak
593B Richardson Spri ngs NW 5 1 2C Sacramento East 1 68 D San Marcos Pass 1 40C Saticoy
287D Richgrove 513D Sacramento West 448 D San Mateo 5 7 1 C Sattley
466A Richmond 252A Sad d l e Peak H i lls 293C San M iguel 537C Saunders Reef
257B Ridgecrest North 209D Saddleback Mtn. S M I E San M iguel Island East 287B Sausal ito School
2 5 7C Ridgecrest South 067C Sage S M IW San M iguel Island West 1 22 D Savahia Peak
596B Riley Ridge 728A Sagebrush Butte S N I C San N icolas Island 1 22A Savahia Peak N E
1 04A Ri mrock 659A Said Valley 052D San Onofre Bluff 1 22 B Savahia Peak NW
71 1 B Rimrock Lake 443A Salida 034C San Pasq ual 1 22 C Savahia Peak SW
241 A Rio Bravo 365B Salinas 073A San Pedro 1 90C Sawmi l l Mou ntain
239A Rio Bravo Ranch 370B Sal ine Peak 466B San Quentin 267A Sawtooth Ridge
512B Rio Li nda 1 92 C Salisbury Potrero 467A San Rafael 702C Sawyers Bar
480B Rio Vista 686B Salmon Mtn. 1 68A San Rafael Mtn. 497B Saxon
058C Ripley 276B Salsberry Peak 271 B San S i m eon 666D Schell Mtn.
443 B Ripon 547D Salt Canyon 021 B San Vicente Reservoir 7 1 3A Schonch i n Butte
5 04C Risue Canyon 476C Salt Spring Valley 2 1 1 D San born 636A Scotia
318 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A PS

7 1 9A Scott Bar 060B Sidewi nder Well 703B Somes Bar 3 1 3A Stratford
700C Scott Mountai n 5 72C Sierra City 500C Sonoma 3 1 3 D Stratford SE
3890 Scottys Castle 571 D Sierravi lle 458B Sonora 474A Strawberry
072A Seal Beach 1 99 D Signal H i l l 489C Sonora Pass S 74D Strawberry Valley
2 56A Searles Lake 667B Siligo Peak 387B Soguel 660D Straylor Lake
483 B Sears Point 251 D Silurian H i l ls 691 D Soup Creek S08B Stu m p Spri ng, Calif.
366D Seaside 251 C Silurian Lake 2 7 9 D Sourdough Spring (= Old I ron Mountai n )
502A Sebastopol 228B Silurian Valley 700D South C h i na Mtn . 2 74A Stu m p Spri ng, Nev.
732B Secret Spring Mtn. 659B Silva Flat Reservoir 089B South Gate 4 1 9A Stu m pfield Mtn.
0 1 6C Seeley 1 55A Si lver Bell Mine 5 2 2 B South Lake Tahoe 0 76A Styx
59SC Sehorn Creek 331 B Silver City 7 2 6C South Mtn . 309C Success Dam
736C Seiad Valley 1 33 D Silverwood Lake 641 A Spalding Tract 7 2 5 D Sugar H i l l
357D Selma 1 39 D S i m i ( = S i m i Valley 2 5 6C Spangler H i lls East 4 6 9 C S u l p h u r Pond
26SD Semitropic West) 2 5 7 D Spangler H i lls West 7 2 2 D Summit Valley
308D Senti nel Peak 243C S i m m ler 7 1 1 C Spau lding Butte 1 02 B Su nfair
682B Seven Lakes Basi n 652A S i m s Mou ntain 620D Spencer Creek 1 37 D Sun land
082B Seven Pal ms Valley 436C Sing Peak 3 53A Sphinx Lakes 085B Sun nymead
046D Seventeen Pal ms 284A Sirretta Peak 490B Spicer Meadows Res. 1 54 B Sunshine Peak
202B Seventeen m i le Point 1 95 D Sisguoc 393C Split Mtn . 207 A Su perior Lake
3 54C Shadeguarter Mtn. 723B Sister Rocks 633B Sportshaven 2 3 2 D Su perior Valley
1 59A Shadow Mountai ns 563D Sites 365C Spreckels 0 1 7A Su perstition Mtn.
1 59 D Shadow Mou ntains S E 069C Sitton Peak 5 89A Spring Garden 1 71 A Surf
621 A Shaffer Mtn . 298A Sixm ile Spring 3 09A Springville 708C Surprise
2 66C Shale Point 1 50D Skeleton Pass 4 1 7A Sguaw Dome 6 2 2 B Susanvi lle
268B Shandon 680D Skunk Ridge 603C Sguaw Valley Peak 544B Sutter
61 SA Shannon Butte 3 1 6C Slack Canyon 5 1 6C St. H elena 545A Sutter Buttes
4 1 6A Sharktooth Peak 525C Slate Mtn . 5 64B St. John Mtn . 5 2 9 B Sutter Causeway
7 1 4A Sharp Mtn. 2 80A Slate Range Crossing 458A Standard 624A Swain Mou ntain
648C Shasta Bally 737D Slater Butte 1 20 B Standard Wash 643A Swains Hole
647B Shasta Dam 1 79 D Sleeping Beauty 6 2 1 C Standish 0 1 8C Sweeney Pass
397D Shaver Lake 1 62 D Sleepy Valley 475A Stanislaus 487B Sweetwater Creek
268C Shedd Canyon 374B Slide Bluffs 248B State Li ne Pass 342C Sycamore Flat
1 24B Sheep Camp Spring 232C Slocum Mtn. 431 D Station Peak 4 1 1 A Sylvan ia Canyon
252D Sheep Creek Spring 495B Sloughhouse 086D Steele Peak 4 1 0 B Sylvan ia Mts.
73 1 C Sheep Mou ntain 509A Sly Park 727B Steele Swamp 2 1 6 B Taft
659D Sheepshead 543A Smartvi lle 1 48 D Stepladder Mou ntai ns 538B Tahoe City
731 A Sheepy Lake 3 1 6D S m ith Mountain 1 48C Stepladder Mou ntai ns 1 44A Taj i guas
031 A Shell Reef 740B Sm ith River SW 327C Talc City H i lls
739A Shelly Creek Ridge 696B Snag H i l l 1 48A Stepladder Mts. N E 49 1 A Tamarack
61 8D Shelter Cove 1 47C Snaggletooth 1 48 B Stepladder Mts. NW 455C Tamarack Flat
273D Shenandoah Peak 673A Snake Lake 240C Stevens 600D Tan Oak Park
528B Sheridan 440C Snelling 423D Stevi nson 683B Tangle Blue Lake
3 1 6A Sherman Peak 639A Snowstorm Mtn. 2 9 8 B Stewart Valley 702D Tan ners Peak
5 84D Sherwood Peak 591 D Soapstone Hill 5 2 0 B Stewarts Point 2 2 0 B Tar Spring Ridge
691 A Shields Creek 344B Soberanes Point 592A Stirl i ng City 464D Tassajara
5 1 OB S h i ngle Spri ngs 203A Soda Lake North 293A Stockdale Mountain 320A Tassajara Hot Springs
627B S h i ngletown 203D Soda Lake South 461 B Stockton East 2 1 8C Taylor Canyon
638B S h i n n Mountain 555C Soda Spri ngs 462A Stockton West 5 1 3A Taylor Monu ment
722A Ship M ou ntai n 41 1 C Soldier Pass 1 57A Stoddard Well 636B Taylor Peak
576C Shippee 342A Soledad 3 5 5C Stokes Mtn . 3 1 1 C Taylor Weir
681 D Shoei n horse Mtn . 1 86B Soledad Mtn. 5 7 9 D Stone Valley 605D Taylorsvi lle
277B Shore Li ne Butte 3 08C Solo Peak 603B Stony Ridge 370D Teakettle j u n ction
2 76A Shoshone 2 2 7A Solomons Knob 5 64A Stonyford 009C Tecate
652C Showers Mtn. 7 1 6A Solomons Temple 5 9 1 A Storrie 2 75 C Tecopa
61 8B Shubrick Peak 1 69C Solvang 347C Stovepipe Wells 2 7 5 D Tecopa Pass
4 1 7C Shuteye Peak 444D Solyo 347A Stovepipe Wells NE 2 1 2A Tehachapi N E
1 52 B S i beria 0 1 9D Sombrero Peak 6 2 5 D Stover Mtn. 2 1 2 B Tehachapi North
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 319

2 1 2C Tehachapi South 1 46 B Topock 672B Tyee City S 1 6A Walter Spri ngs

37SA Teh i pite Dome 06SC Toro Peak 1 87B Tylerhorse Canyon 39S8 Ward Mou ntain
2 1 4D Tejon H i lls 090D Torrance 389C U behebe Crater 5 1 9A Warm Springs Dam
2 1 3C Tejon Ranch 028A Tortuga 349A U behebe Peak 1 63 0 Warm Spri ngs Mou ntain
1 34D Telegraph Peak 472A Tower Peak 392B U h l meyer Spri n g 048C Warner Springs
302A Telescope Peak 444B Tracy SSOB U kiah 033 B Warners Ranch
OSOB Tem ecula S07B Tragedy Spring 720D U konom Lake 690B Warren Peak
269C Tem pleton 360A Tranqu i l l ity 720C U konom Mtn . 2640 Wasco
329C Templeton Mtn. 1 71 D Tranq u i llon Mtn . 462C U n ion Island 264B Wasco NW
4SSA Ten Lakes 334B Traver 3S1 A U n ion Wash 2 64C Wasco SW
4S4C Tenaya Lake 338A Tres Pecos Farms S99B U pdegraff Ridge SS70 Washington
223C Ten m i le Wel l 38SD Tres Pinos 30SA U pper Centennial Flat 6938 Wash i ngton Mtn .
7 1 4C Tennant 377A Trim mer 549B U pper Lake 080C Washington Wash
291 C Tent H i l l s 689C Trin idad 049 B Vail Lake 207C Water Valley
1 94 B Tepusquet Canyon 666B Tri n ity Center 1 38 B Val Verde 442A Waterford
479C Term inous 667D Tri n ity Dam 064C Valerie 478C Waterloo
6S7C Termo 686C Tri n ity Mtn. 251A Valj ean H i l l s 1 35 C Waterman Mtn .
S82A Thatcher Ridge 3S3D Triple Divide Peak 293B Valleton 386B Watsonvi lle East
2 08C The Buttes 1 1 3C Triu nfo Pass 03SA Valley Center 387A Watsonvi lle West
292A The Dark Hole 280D Trana East S02C Val ley Ford 433 8 Watterson Canyon
326B The D u nes 280C Trana West 1 01 B Valley Mtn. 371 8 Waucoba Canyon
S34D The Geysers 640B Troxel Point 477A Valley Spri ngs 3920 Waucoba Mtn.
729C The Pan handle 1 80 D Troy Lake 477C Valley Spri ngs SW 391 C Waucoba Spri ng
3 74 D The Sphinx 554C Truckee 226B Valley Wells 3 1 2A Waukena
71 SC The Whaleback 04SC Truckhaven 1 3SA Valyermo 43 7C Wawona
064A Thermal Canyon 4SOB Tru man Meadows S66A Van Arsdale Reservoir 6498 Weaverville
368D Th i m ble Peak 032 B Tu bb Canyon 111B Van N uys SSSB Webber Peak
3 1 8B Thompson Canyon 3SSB Tucker Mtn. 1 76 D Van Win kle Spri ng 699B Weed
68SD Thom pson Peak 32SA Tucki Wash 1 SlA Van Win kle Wash 2 1 48 Weed Patch
479 B Thornton 31 1 A Tu lare 336C Vanguard 727A Weed Valley
644A Thousand Lakes Valley 410D Tu le Canyon 090B Venice 6878 Weitchpec
1 1 3A Thousand Oaks 674B Tu le Mou ntain 343C Ventana Cones 260A Weldon
38SA Three Sisters 020B Tu le Springs 1 41 D Ventura 2 1 7C Wells Ranch
041 A Th u m b Peak 729B Tu lelake 328C Verm i l l ion Canyon 620C Wendel
668B Th urston Peaks 361 C Tu m ey H ills 444A Vernalis 621 0 Wendel Hot Springs
230D Tiefort Mou ntai ns 414D Tu ngsten H i lls S29D Verona S39D Wentworth Springs
008D Tierra Del Sol S2SB Tu nnel H i l l 376D Verplank Ridge 63SC Weott
294C Tierra Redonda 640D Tu n n i son Mtn . 1 S8D Victorvi lle 081 C West Berdoo Canyon
Mou ntain 457B Tuo l u m n e 1 S8B Victorvi lle NW 290D West Camp
472C Tiltill Mtn. 241 D Tu pman 078C Victory Pass 2420 West Elk H i lls
436 D Ti m ber Knob 423A Tu rlock 096D Vidal 71 SO West Haight Mtn.
678B Ti m bered Crater 441 D Tu rlock Lake 096A Vidal J u n ction 228C West Of Baker
369B Tin Mou ntain 402B Tu rner Ranch 096B Vidal NW S61A West Of Biggs
392C Ti nemaha Reservoir 227B Tu rq uoise Mtn. 020C Viejas Mountai n 233B West OfBlack H i l l s
4S4A Tioga Pass 1 S7B Tu rtle Valley 296C Villa Creek 1 7SC West O f B l i n d H i l l s
31 1 D Tipton 628A Tuscan Buttes N E S94A Vina 1 78 B West Of 8roadwel I
S4SD Tisdale Weir 6 1 0A Tuscan Spri ngs 482D Vine H i l l Mesa
687D Tish Tang Point 07 1 A Tusti n 644C Viola 1 77C West Of Budweiser
28SD Tobias Peak 606D Twai n 3340 Visalia Wash
48SB Tamales 474C Twai n Harte 4S40 Vogelsang Peak 230B West Of Ori n kwater
Sl9B Tom bs Creek 1 83A Twelve Gauge Lake 282A Volcano Peak Lake
682D Tom bstone Mtn . 298C Twelvemile Spri ng 403C Volta 299B West Of Eagle Mtn.
433( Toms Place 1 02A Twentyn ine Palms 3 6 8A Wahguyhe Peak 1 73 C West Of Flattop Mtn.
1 12D Topanga lOlC Twentyn ine Palms Mtn. 3S68 Wahtoke 324B West Of Furnace Creek
1 6S D Topatopa Mountai ns 471A Twi n Lakes 2S9A Walker Pass 61 1 D West Of Gerber
SOSA Topaz Lake 1 9SA Twitchell Dam 4778 Wal lace 1 77B West Of Glasgow
341 A Topo Val l ey S02D Two Rock 46SA Wal n ut Creek 3898 West Of Gold Mtn.
l
320 A P P E N D I X I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

468C West Of H u ntoon 032D Whale Peak 295A Wi l liams H i l l 68 1 C Yel lowjacket Mtn.
Spring 543C Wheatland 2068 Wil l iams Wel l 1 8 1 A Yermo
1 9 8 8 West Ofj u n i per Mine 1 66 D Wheeler Springs 583D Wi l l is Ridge 6 1 3A Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' N E
7 1 2C West Of Kephart 1 2 1 C Whipple Mts. SW 5 6 7A Willits (was Tom h ead Mtn.
2 54C West Of Leach Spring 1 2 1 D Whipple Wash 6708 Wil low Creek 7.5 ' )
1 23 8 West O f Mohawk Spring 648A Wh iskeytown 725A Wil low Ranch 6 1 3 8 Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' NW
2 3 1 8 West Of Nelson Lake 683D Whisky Bill Peak 1 87A Wi l low Spri ngs (was North Yolla Bolly
0778 West Of Palen Pass 533C Whisperi ng Pines 578C Wil lows 7.5 ' )
041 C West Of Palo Verde Peak 1 63C Whitaker Peak 245 8 Wi lson Corner 6 1 3 D Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' SE
229C West Of Red Pass Lake 4 1 8A White Chief Mtn. 5 3 2 8 Wi lson Valley (was South Yolla Bolly
2 73 C West Of Shenandoah 283C White Dome 068A Winchester 7.5 ' )
Peak 2 8 1 C White H i lls 255A Wi ngate Pass 6 1 3C Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' SW
6398 West Of Snowstorm 1 56C White Horse Mtn . 278D Wi ngate Wash East (was Solomon Peak
Mtn. 1 41 B White Ledge Peak 2 78C Wi ngate Wash West 7. 5 ' )
2038 West Of Soda Lake 432A White Mtn. Peak 5 1 4C Winters 088A Yorba Li nda
3 70 C West OfTeakettle 286D White River 1 88 8 Wi nters Ridge 270D York M ou ntain
J u nction 369C White Top Mtn . 422A Wi nton 5 3 5 B Yorkvi lle
349 B West O f U behebe Peak 083B White Water 044D Wister 455D Yosemite Fal l s
725B West Of Wil low Ranch 695C Whitehorse 542C Wolf 42 1 B Yosem ite Lake
1 56B West Ord Mtn. 658B Whitinger Mtn. 505C Wolf Creek 686A You ngs Peak
493A West Poi nt 645 B Whitmore 5 2 2 D Wood fords 5 00A You ntvi lle
643C West Prospect Peak 434A Whitmore Hot Springs 333A Woodlake 7 1 7 B Yreka
2 5 6 B Westend 709B Whittemore Ridge 5 1 4A Woodland 544A Yuba City
4 1 2 C Westgard Pass 089A Whittier 200D Woods Mountains 1 06 D Yucaipa
3 1 3 B Westh aven 028C Wiest 429A Woodside 1 03 B Yucca Valley North
443C Westley 547C Wi lbur Spri ngs 3 1 0C Woodvi lle 1 03 C Yucca Valley South
0 2 9 D Westmorland 425D Wilcox Ridge 463A Woodward Island 006A Yu ha Basin
( =Westmorland East) 1 83 D Wild Crossing 2 62A Woody 0 0 1 A Yu ma East
585A Westport 069D Wildomar 260D Woolstalf Creek 0 0 1 B Yu ma West
337B Westside 325D Wildrose Peak 3 7 5 D Wren Peak 1 69 8 Zaca Creek
540B Westville 5 3 1 A Wildwood School 294A Wun post 1 94 D Zaca Lake
623C Westwood East 041 B Wileys Wel l 6 5 3 D Yager J u nction 530C Zamora
624D Westwood West 1 24A Wi lhelm Spring 684D Ycatapom Peak 536B Zeni Ridge
1 47A Whale Mtn. 546B Wi l l iams 702A Yellow Dog Peak 6 1 5 B Zenia
 P l a n ts of Li sts 1 A a n d 3 , t h e Li sts of U n ce rtai n ty
[ APPEN DIX I I

he fo ll owi ng two lists are presented to highlight our need to know more about the plants on List 1 A ( Plants Presumed
Exti nct i n CA) and List 3 ( Plants About Wh ich We N eed More I nformation) . We hope our contributors wi l l seek to
rediscover the plants on List 1 A; several plants on this l ist in the fifth edition have si nce been red iscovered . We also
encourage our contributors to submit i nformation on List 3 plants.

List 1 A List 3
( Plants Presu med ( Plants About Which We
Exti nct in Cal ifornia) Need More I nformation )

Total number of taxa: 29 Total number of taxa: 52

Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. franciscana Achnatherum lemmonii pubescens
var. Iris bracteata
Astragalus mohavensis var. hemiyrus Agrostis hendersonii lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Calochortus monanthus Arabis fernaldiana stylosa
var. jensiayosemitana
Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Berberis fremontii Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Carex livida Calochortus syntrophus Lessingia hololeuca
Castilleja uliginosa Calyptridium parryi hesseae
var. Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Cirsium praeteriens Calystegia malacophylla berryi
var. Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Dissanthelium californicum Camissonia lewisii Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii
Erigeron mariposanus Cardamine pachystigma dissectifolia
var. Lupinus eximius
Eriogonum truncatum Carex inops ssp. inops Micropus amphibolus
Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii Chorizanthe parryi parryi
var. Mimulus acutidens
l..Jcium verrucosum Corethroyne leucophylla Monardella antonina ssp. antonina
Malacothamnus mendocinensis Ditaxis serrata var. californica Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Malacothamnus parishii Dudleya alainae Opuntia wigginsii
Mimulus brandegei Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.corrugata Phacelia amabilis
Mimulus traskiae Equisetum palustre Pinus edulis
Mimulus whipplei Erigeron biolettii Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus var. modestus
Monardella leucocephala Eriogonum luteolum var.caninum Polygonum marinense
Monardella pringlei Eschscholzia procera Polystichum lonchitis
Phacelia cinerea Fritillaria eastvvoodiae Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii
Plagiobothrys glaber Galium oreganum Salvia dorriivar. lncana
Plagiobothrys hystriculus Gentiana affinis var. parvidentata Sedum pinetorum
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis Selaginella densa var. scopulorum
Plagiobothrys mollisvar. vestitus Hackelia brevicula Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata
Poliomintha incana Helianthemum suffrutescens Vaccinium coccineum
Potentilla multijuga Hemizonia congesta ssp. leucocephala
Pyrola chlorantha Hordeum intercedens
Stylocline sonorensis
Tropidocarpum capparideum

321
 Plants by County and Island
I APPEN DIX I l l

T
he fol lowing lists incl ude all the plants on CN PS Lists 1 through 4 Since we record occurrences ·in main
· · I an d counties ·

.
and on islands separately, the county l ists in this append ix do not i nclude island occurrences even if an island occurs in
that cou nty.

Cou nties Delphinium i!Jpsophilum ssp. Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. juncus hemiendytus abjectus
var.

gypsophilum chorisianus Podistera nevadensis

• Alameda County
Delphinium recurvatum Plagiobothrys diffusus Polystichum kruckebergii
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 83
Dirca occidentalis Plagiobothrys glaber Polystichum lonchitis
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 49; LIST 2 :
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Potamogeton robbinsii
2; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4 : 24 Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens multiflorus Tonestus eximius
Acanthomintha lanceolata Eriogonum truncatum Ranunculus lobbii Veronica cusickii
Allium sharsmithae Eriogonum umbellatum var. Sanicula maritima
bahiiforme Senecio aphanactis • Amador County
Amsinckia grandiflora
Eriophyllum Jepsonii Streptanthus albidus ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 30
Amsinckia lunaris LIST 1A: O; LIST 1 B: 9; LIST 2: 1 ;
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Erodium macrophyllum peramoenus LIST 3 : Z; LIST 4 : 1 8
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida Eryngium aristulatum hooveri
var. Suaeda californica
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Trifolium amoenum Arctostaphylos myrtifolia
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae Bolandra californica
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Fritillaria agrestis Trifolium depauperatum var.

Fritillaria falcata hydrophilum Calochortus clavatus avius

var.
Atragalus tener var.tener Carex davyi
Atriplex cordulata Fritillaria liliacea Tropidocarpum capparideum
Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Clarkia virgata
Helianthella castanea • Alpine County
A tip/ex depressa Eriogonum apricum apricum
var.
Hesperevax caulescens TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 2 5
A triplexjoaquiniana LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B: 2 ; LIST 2 : 7 ; Eriogonum apricum var.
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Hesperolinon serpentinum LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 1 5
Hoita strobilina prostratum
macrolepis Agrostis humilis Eriogonum tripodum
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. plumosa Holocarpha macradenia
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Antennaria pulchella Eryngium pinnatisectum
Calochortus umbellatus Astragalus kentrophyta danaus
var. Githopsis pulchella ssp.
Campanula exigua Lasthenia conjugens
Lasthenia ferrisiae Astragalus whitneyi lenophyllus
var. serpentinicola
Caulanthus coulteri /emmonii
var.
Bolandra californica Helianthemum suffrutescens
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii LathyrusJepsonii Jepson ii
va r.

Lessingia hololeuca Carex davyi Hesperevax caulescens

Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Carex petasata Horkelia parryi
cuspidata Lessingia tenuis
Lilaeopsis masonii Carex vallicola jensiayosemitana
Chorizanthe robusta robusta
var.
Caulanthus major nevadensis
var. jepsonia heterandra
Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on Linanthus acicularis
Linanthus ambiguus Chaenactis douglasii alpina
var. Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Clarkia breweri Claytonia megarhiza Lomatium stebbinsii
Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa Linan thus grandiflorus
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Claytonia umbellata Microseris sylvatica
Clarkia franciscana Cryptantha crymophila Mimulus inconspicuus
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Micropus amphibolus
Microseris sylvatica Cryptantha glomeriflora Mimulus laciniatus
palustris Draba asterophora var. Monardella candicans
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Monardella antonina ssp.
antonina asterophora Navarretia eriocephala
Cordylanthus palmatus Eriogonum microthecum var. Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
Coreopsis hamiltonii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus alpinum Navarretia subuligera
Cryptantha hooveri Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Ophioglossum californicum
Deinandra bacigalupii Navarretia cotulifolia
Navarretia prostrata eximium Perideridia bacigalupii
Delphinium californicum ssp. Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii
interius Piperia michaelii

322
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P LA N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 323

Sphenopholis obtusata juncus leiospermus leiospermus

var. Bolandra californica Cordylanthus palmatus
Veronica cusickii Lasthenia ferrisiae Brodiaea pa/Iida Cryptantha excavata
Lewisia cantelovii Calycadenia hooveri Delphinium recurvatum
• Butte County Lewisia kellorgii ssp. hutchisonii Carex davyi Delphinium uliginosum
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 92 Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Ceanothus fresnensis Epilobium nivium
LIST T A: O; LIST T B: 34; LIST 2:
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. ca/ifornica Clarkia virgata Eriastrum brandegeae
T 6; LIST 3 : 6; LIST 4 : 3 6
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa Cryptantha mariposae Eriastrum tracyi
Agrostis hendersonii Linanthus acicularis Delphinium hansenii ssp. Eriogonum luteolum caninum
var.
Allium jepsonii Lupinus dalesiae ewanianum Eriogonum nervulosum
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii Meesia triquetra Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Eriogonum strictum greenei
var.
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei Microseris sylvatica tanacetiflorum Eriogonum tripodum
Astragalus pauperculus Mimulus glaucescens Eryngium pinnatisectum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Mimulus laciniatus Helianthemum suffrutescens bahiiforme
Astragalus whitneyi var.lenophyllus Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa Horkelia parryi Erodium macrophyllum
A triplex cordulata Myosurus minimus ssp. apus jepsonia heterandra Eschscholzia rhombipetala
A triplex depressa Navarretia cotulifolia juncus leiospermus ahartii
var. Fritillaria pluriflora
Atriplex minuscula Navarretia heterandra Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Fritillaria purdyi
Atriplex subti/is Navarretia subuligera Lomatium stebbinsii Harmonia ha/Iii
Azolla mexicana Ophioglossum californicum Mimulus inconspicuus Helianthus exilis
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Orcuttia pilosa Mimulus pulchellus Hesperevax caulescens
macrolepis Paronychia ahartii Mimulus whipplei Hesperolinon drymarioides
Betula pumila var. glandulifera Penstemon heterodoxus var. Monardella candicans Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Botrychium ascendens shastensis Navarretia eriocephala Horkelia bolanderi
Botrychium crenulatum Penstemon personatus Perideridia bacigalupii Lasthenia ferrisiae
Botrychium minganense Perideridia bacigalupii Scopelophila cataractae Layia septentrionalis
Botrychium montanum Piperia colemanii Linanthus latisectus
Bulbostylis capillaris Piperia michaelii • Colusa County Linanthus rattanii
Calycadenia oppositifolia Polygonum bidwelliae TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 70 Lomatium hooveri
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp. Polystichum kruckebergii LIST T A : O; LIST T B : 30; LIST 2:
Lotus rubriflorus
buttensis 42; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 3 3
Rhynchospora californica Lupinus milo-bakeri
Cardamine pachystigma var.
Rhynchospora capitellata Allium fimbriatum purdyi
var.
Lupinus sericatus
dissectifolia Rupertia ha/Iii Amsinckia lunaris Malacothamnus he/Jeri
Carex geyeri Sagittaria sanfordii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Micropus amphibolus
Carex limosa Scirpus subterminalis Anisocarpus scabridus Microseris sylvatica
Carex vulpinoidea Sedum albomarginatum Antirrhinum subcordatum Mimulus glaucescens
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Senecio eurycephalus lewisrosei
var.
Arctostaphylos malloryi Mirabilis greenei
rubicundula Sidalcea robusta Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Chamaesyce hooveri Silene occidentalis ssp. elegans Navarretia cotulifolia
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae longistipitata Asclepias solanoana Navarretia heterandra
Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis Stellaria longifolia Astragalus breweri Navarretiajepsonii
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens Stellaria obtusa Astragalus clevelandii Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae Streptanthus drepanoides Astragalus rattanii jepsonianus
var.
Neostapfia colusana
Clarkia mosquinii Trifolium jokerstii Astragalus rattanii rattanii
var.
Piperia colemanii
Claytonia palustris Tuctoria greenei Astragalus tener var.ferrisiae Senecio clevelandii clevelandii
var.
Cypripedium californicum Utricularia intermedia A triplex depressa Silene campanulata ssp.
Cypripedium fasciculatum Utricularia minor A triplexjoaquiniana campanulata
Darlingtonia californica Vaccinium coccineum Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Thelypodium brachycarpum
Eleocharis parvula Wolffia brasiliensis macrolepis Trichocoronis wrightii wrightii
var.
Eleocharis quadrangulata Botrychium crenulatum Trifolium depauperatum var.
Erigeron inornatus calidipetris
var. • Calaveras County Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea hydrophilum
Erigeron petrophilus var.sierrensis TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 7 Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
Erodium macrophyllum LIST T A : T ; LIST T B : T O; LIST 2 : rubicundula • Contra Costa County
Fritillaria eastwoodiae T ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: T 3 Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 7 7
Fritillaria pluriflora Agrostis hendersonii Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. LIST T A : 2; LIST T B : 4 3 ; LIST 2 :
Hesperevax caulescens Allium sanbornii sanbornii
var. minus 8 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4 : 2 T

Hibiscus lasiocarpus Allium tribracteatum Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Amsinckia grandiflora
juncus leiospermus ahartii
var. Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Collomia diversifo/ia Amsinckia lunaris
 324 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Madia radiata Cochlearia officinalis var.arctica Melica spectabilis
Arabis blepharophylla Malacothamnus ha/Iii Collomia tracyi Minuartia howellii
Arctostaphylos auriculata Meconella oregana Cupressus nootkatensis Mite/la caulescens
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Micropus amphibolus Cypripedium californicum Moneses unif/ora
laevigata Microseris sylvatica Cypripedium fasciculatum Monotropa unif/ora
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Cypripedium montanum Mantia howellii
Aster lentus Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Darlingtonia californica Navarretia subuligera
Astragalus tener
var. tener Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana Oenothera wolfii
Atriplex cordulata Navarretia cotulifo/ia Discelium nudum Oxalis suksdorfii
Atriplex coronata
var. coronata Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii Draba carnosula Pedicularis howellii
A triplex depressa Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Draba howellii Penstemon cinicola
A triplexjoaquiniana Phacelia phacelioides Empetrum nigrum ssp. Phacelia argentea
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. Piperia michaelii hermaphroditum Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras
plumosa Potamogeton filiformis Epilobium oreganum Piperia candida
Calandrinia breweri Potamogeton zosteriformis Epilobium rigidum Pityopus californicus
Calochortus pulchellus Ranunculus lobbii Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Platanthera stricta
Calochortus umbellatus Sanicula saxatilis Erigeron cervinus Pleuropogon refractus
Campanula exigua Senecio aphanactis Eriogonum hirtellum Poa piperi
Carex comosa Streptanthus albidus ssp. Eriogonum nudum var. paralinum Poa rhizomata
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii peramoenus Eriogonum pendulum Potamogeton foliosus var.

Cirsium andrewsii Streptanthus hispidus Eriogonum ternatum fibrillosus

Collomia diversifolia Triquetrella californica Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta
Convolvulus simulans Tropidocarpum capparideum Erythronium hendersonii Rhynchospora alba
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Viburnum ellipticum Erythronium howellii Ribes laxif/orum
Cordylanthus nidularius Erythronium revolutum Romanzoffia tracyi
Cryptantha hooveri • Del Norte County Calium oreganum Rubus nivalis
Delphinium californicum ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 3 6 Centiana plurisetosa Sagittaria sanfordii
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 2 3 ; LIST 2 :
interius 44; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 6 5
Centiana setigera Salix delnortensis
Delphinium recurvatum Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica Sanguisorba officinalis
Dirca occidentalis Abronia umbellata ssp. brevif/ora Cilia millefoliata Sanicula peckiana
Eleocharis parvula Allium siskiyouense Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa Saxifraga howellii
Eriogonum truncatum Angelica lucida Horkelia congesta ssp. nemorosa Saxifraga nuttallii
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Antennaria suffrutescens Horkelia sericata Scirpus subterminalis
bahiiforme Arabis aculeolata J/iamna latibracteata Sedum laxum ssp. f/avidum
Eriophyllum jepsonii Arabis koehleri var.stipitata Iris bracteata Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Erodium macrophyllum Arabis macdonaldiana Iris innominata Selaginella densa var. scopulorum
Erysimum capitatum ssp. Arctostaphylos hispidula juncus supiniformis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
angustatum Arctostaphylos nortensis Lathyrus delnorticus Senecio macounii
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Arnica cernua Lathyrusjaponicus Sidalcea malachroides
Fritillaria agrestis Arnica spathulata Lathyrus palustris Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. patula
Fritillaria liliacea Asarum marmoratum Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia
Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Asplenium trichomanes ssp. Lewisia oppositifolia Smilaxjamesii
Helianthella castanea trichomanes Lilium bolanderi Streptanthus howellii
Hesperevax caulescens Boschniakia hookeri Lilium kelloggii Tauschia glauca
Hesperolinon breweri Calamagrostis crassiglumis Lilium occidentale Thermopsis gracilisvar. gracilis
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Calamagrostis foliosa Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Thermopsis robusta
Hoita strobilina Cardamine nuttallii gemmata
var.
Lilium parda/inum ssp. wigginsii Trientalis arctica
Holocarpha macradenia Carex arcta Lilium rubescens Trifolium howellii
lsocoma arguta Carexgigas Lilium washingtonianum ssp. Triteleia crocea
var. crocea
Jug/ans hindsii Carex lepta/ea purpurascens Vaccinium scoparium
Lasthenia conjugens Carex lyngbyei Linanthus latisectus Vancouveria chrysantha
Lasthenia ferrisiae Carex praticola Listera cordata Veratrum insolitum
Lathyrusjepsonii jepsonii
var.
Carex serpenticola Lomatium howellii Viola langsdorfii
Lilaeopsis masonii Carex viridula var. viridula Lomatium martindalei Viola palustris
Limosella subulata Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lupinus lapidicola Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Linanthus acicularis Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Lupinus tracyi
Linanthus ambiguus Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Lycopus unif/orus
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 325

• El Dorado County Viburnum ellipticum Delphinium inopinum Madia radiata

TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 52 Viola tomentosa Delphinium recurvatum Malacothamnus aboriginum
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 1 8; LIST 2 : Wyethia reticulata Dicentra nevadensis Meesia triquetra
1 O ; LIST 3 : 2 ; LIST 4: 2 2 Draba praealta Meesia uliginosa
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii • Fresno County Draba sharsmithii Microseris sylvatica
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 5 1 Draba sierrae Mielichhoferia elongata
LIST 1 A: O; LIST l B: 62; LIST 2:
Antennaria pulchella Epilobium howellii Mimulus acutidens
1 7; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 68
Arctostaphylos nissenana Eriastrum hooveri
· Mimulus gracilipes
Bolandra californica Acanthomintha lanceolata Erigeron aequifolius Mimulus grayi
Botrychium ascendens Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Erigeron inornatus var. keilii Mimulus laciniatus
Calochortus clavatus var. avius obovata Erigeron multiceps Mimulus norrisii
Calystegia stebbinsii Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Eriogonum eastwoodianum Mimulus subsecundus
Carex davyi Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Eriogonum gossypinum Minuartia obtusiloba
Carex limosa Angelica cal/ii Eriogonum heermannii var. Monardella candicans
Carex tahoensis Antennaria pulchella occidentale Moneses uniflora
Ceanothus roderickii Arabis bodiensis Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Monolopia congdonii
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina Eriogonum nudum var. regirivum Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
Chlorogalum grandif/orum Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii radians
Eriogonum polypodum
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae Atriplex cordulata Eriogonum prattenianum var. Nemacladus gracilis
Clarkia virgata Atriplex coronata var. coronata avwm Nemophila parviflora var.
Draba asterophora var. A triplex depressa Eriogonum vestitum quercifolia
asterophora Atriplex minuscula Eriophyllum lanatum var. Orcuttia inaequalis
Draba asterophora var. macrocarpa Atriplex subtilis obovatum Petrophyton caespitosum ssp.
Epilobium oreganum Atriplex vallicola Erodium macrophyllum acuminatum
Epilobium palustre Botrychium lineare Eryngium spinosepalum Phacelia orogenes
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Botrychium minganense Eschscholzia hypecoides Piperia colemanii
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Bruchia bolanderi Fritillaria agrestis Piperia leptopetala
eximium Bulbostylis capillaris Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii
Eriogonum tripodum Calyptridium pulchellum Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Pityopus californicus
Fremontodendron decumbens Calystegia collina ssp. venusta Ciliayorkii Plagiobothrys myosotoides
Calium californicum ssp. sierrae Calystegia malacophylla var. berryi Coodmania luteola Poa lettermanii
Cithopsis pulchella ssp. Camissonia benitensis Cratiola heterosepala Pseudobahia bahiifolia
serpentinicola Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola Hackelia sharsmithii Pseudobahia peirsonii
Helianthemum suffrutescens Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae He/odium blandowii Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme
Horkelia parryi Carex congdonii Hesperevax caulescens Sagittaria sanfordii
)epsonia heterandra Carex limosa Heterotheca monarchensis Schizymenium shevockii
Lewisia longipetala Carex tahoensis Hordeum intercedens Senecio aphanactis
Lewisia serrata Carex tompkinsii Hu/sea brevifolia Sidalcea keckii
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Carlquistia muirii Solidago guiradonis
lvesia campestris
Meesia triquetra Carpenteria californica lvesia unguiculata Sphagnum strictum
Monardella candicans Castilleja campestris ssp. jamesia americana var. rosea Sphenopholis obtusata
Navarretia eriocephala succulenta jensiayosemitana Streptanthus farnsworthianus
l Caulanthus californicus
Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea Lasthenia ferrisiae Streptanthus fenestratus
Ophioglossum pusillum Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Layia discoidea Streptanthus gracilis
f Ceanothus fresnensis
Phacelia stebbinsii Layia heterotricha Tayloria lingulata
Piperia leptopetala Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora Layia munzii Tonestus peirsonii
Podistera nevadensis Chorizanthe ventricosa Lepidium jaredii ssp. album Trichostema ovatum
Polystichum lonchitis Cinna bolanderi Lessingia occidentalis Trifolium bolanderi
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. Clarkia breweri Lewisia congdonii Tuctoria greenei
nuttallii Claytonia palustris Utricularia intermedia
Lewisia disepala
Rorippa subumbellata Cordylanthus palmatus Lewisia lon�petala Utricularia minor
,-
1 Scirpus subterminalis Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. barbatus Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Viburnum ellipticum
Scutel/aria galericu/ata Cryptantha glomeriflora
Linanthus acicularis Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea
Senecio layneae Cryptantha rattanii Linanthus oblanceolatus Wyethia elata
Sparganium natans Deinandra halliana Linanthus serrulatus
Tonestus eximius Delphinium ?)lpsophilum ssp. Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus
Utricularia minor ?)lpsophilum Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii
326 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

• Glenn County Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Draba howellii Lycopus uniflorus
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 56 Stellaria obtusa Eleocharis parvula Meesia triquetra
LIST TA: 1 ; LIST 1 B : 24; LIST 2: Streptanthus drepanoides Empetrum nigrum ssp. Melica spectabilis
3; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 26 Tropidocarpum capparideum hermaphroditum Microseris borealis
Anisocarpus scabridus Tuctoria greenei Epilobium oreganum Mite/la caulescens
Antirrhinum subcordatum Viburnum ellipticum Epilobium septentrionale Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Erigeron biolettii Moneses uniflora
elegans • Humboldt County Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Monotropa uniflora
Asclepias solanoana TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 46 Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus Mantia howellii
LIST 1 A: O; LIST T B : 36; LIST 2 :
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus Erigeron supp/ex Oenothera wolfii
35; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4 : 7 1
Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Eriogonum umbellatum var. Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
bahiiforme cuspidatus
A triplex cordulata Allium hoffmanii Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense Oxalis suksdorfii
A triplex coronata var. coronata Allium siskiyouense Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Piperia candida
A triplex depressa Angelica lucida Erythronium howellii Piperia michaelii
Atriplexjoaquiniana Anomobryum filiforme Pityopus californicus
Erythronium revolutum
Atriplex persistens Antennaria suffrutescens Fissidens pauperculus Platanthera stricta
Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima Pleuropogon refractus
Fritillaria purdyi
Calyptridium quadripetalum Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. Centiana plurisetosa Puccinellia pumila
Cardamine pachystigma var. sonomensis
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica Ribes laxiflorum
dissectifolia Arctostaphylos hispidula Cilia millefoliata Ribes marshal/ii
Carex buxbaumii Amica cernua Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Chamaesyce hooveri Amica spathulata Glehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa Romanzoffia tracyi
Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii Astragalus agnicidus Glyceria grandis Rorippa columbiae
Collomia diversifolia Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Sanguisorba officinalis
Cypripedium montanum pycnostachyus Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Sanicula peckiana
Eleocharis parvula Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii brevifolia Sanicula tracyi
Epilobium nivium Astragalus umbraticus Hesperolinon adenophyllum Scirpus subterminalis
Epilobium oreganum Bensoniella oregona Horkelia sericata Sedum divergens
Eriastrum brandegeae Boschniakia hookeri tliamna latibracteata Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Eriastrum tracyi Calamagrostis bolanderi Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Eriogonum nervulosum Calamagrostis crassiglumis juncus supiniformis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Calamagrostis foliosa Lathyrus biflorus Senecio macounii
bahiiforme Carex arcta Lathyrus glandulosus Sidalcea malachroides
Erodium macrophyllum Carex buxbaumii Lathyrusjaponicus Sidalcea malviflora ssp. patula
Fritillaria pluriflora Carex geyeri Lathyrus palustris Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia
Fritillaria purdyi Carex inops ssp. inops Layia carnosa Silene marmorensis
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Carex lepta/ea Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri Spergularia canadensis var.
Hackelia amethystina Carex lyngbyei Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii occidentalis
Helianthus exilis Carex praticola Lilium bolanderi Stellaria littoralis
Hesperevax caulescens Carex saliniformis Lilium kelloggii Stellaria obtusa
Hesperolinon drymarioides Carex viridula var. viridula Lilium occidentale Tauschia glauca
Hesperolinon tehamense Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Castilleja ambigua ssp. Lilium rubescens Thermopsis robusta
Layia septentrionalis humboldtiensis Lilium washingtonianum ssp. Thlaspi californicum
Lepidium /atipes var. heckardii Castilleja mendocinensis purpurascens Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata
Linanthus latisectus Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi Linanthus acicularis Tracyina rostrata
Linanthus rattanii Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Linanthus latisectus Trichodon cylindricus
Malacothamnus he/Jeri Collinsia corymbosa Trifolium howellii
Listera cordata
Microseris sylvatica Collomia tracyi Lomatium tracyi Veratrum insolitum
Mirabilis greenei Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Lotusyollabol/iensis Viburnum ellipticum
Navarretia cotulifolia palustris Lupinus constancei Viola palustris
Navarretia jepsonii Cypripedium ca/ifornicum Lupinus elmeri Wyethia longicaulis
Orcuttia pilosa Cypripedium fasciculatum
Lupinus lapidicola
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii Cypripedium montanum
Lupinus tracyi
Polystichum lonchitis Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana
Lycopodiella inundata
Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Didymodon norrisii
Lycopodium clavatum
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 327

• I mperial County Opuntia wigginsii Astragalus preussii var. preussii Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 62 Opuntia wolfii Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi nudicaulis
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 4; LIST 2 : Palafoxia arida var. gigantea Blepharidachne kingii Ericameria gilmanii
2 1 ; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 2 6 Penstemon clevelandii var. Bouteloua trifida Ericameria nana
Allium parishii connatus Calochortus excavatus Erigeron calvus
Amaranthus watsonii Penstemon thurberi Calochortus panamintensis Erigeron compactus var. compactus
Astragalus crotalariae Pholisma sonorae Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus Pilostyles thurberi Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii Proboscidea althaeifolia Canbya candida Eriogonum bifurcatum
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Salvia greatae Carex buxbaumii Eriogonum contiguum
borreganus Senna covesii Carex congdonii Eriogonum eremicola
Astragalus magdalenae var. Tetracoccus ha/Iii Carex eleocharis Eriogonum gilmanii
I peirsonii Xylorhiza cognata Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
I
Astragalus nutans Xylorhiza orcuttii Carex scirpoidea ssp. hoffmannii

r Bursera microphylla
Calliandra eriophylla • Inyo County
pseudoscirpoidea
Carex tahoensis
Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
robustius
Camissonia arenaria TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 2 2 1 Caulostramina jaegeri Eriogonum intrafractum
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST l B : 69; LIST 2 :
Carnegiea gigantea Ceanothus pinetorum Eriogonum microthecum var.
7 5; LIST 3: 4; LIST 4: 72
Caste/a emoryi Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina lapidicola
Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Abronia nana ssp. covillei Chaetadelpha wheeleri Eriogonum microthecum var.
peirsonii Achnatherum aridum Chamaesyce va/lis-mortae panamintense
Chamaesyce abramsiana Agave utahensis var. eborispina Cheilanthes wootonii Eriogonum puberulum
Chamaesyce arizonica Agave utahensis var. nevadensis Chenopodium simplex Eriogonum shockleyi var. shockleyi
'
�
Chamaesyce platysperma Ageratina herbacea Chrysothamnus albidus Erioneuron pilosum
Colubrina californica Allium atrorubens var. cristatum Chrysothamnus gramineus Fend/ere/la utahensis
Condalia globosa var. pubescens Androstephium breviflorum Chrysothamnus greenei Fimbristylis thermalis
Coryphantha alversonii Angelica kingii Cleomella brevipes Calium hilendiae ssp. carneum
Croton wigginsii Antennaria pulchella Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Calium hypotrichium ssp.
Cryptantha costata Arabis bodiensis eremicus tomentellum
Cryptantha holoptera Arabis dispar Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Centiana prostrata
Cynanchum utahense Arabis pulchra var. munciensis kernensis Cilia ripleyi
Delphinium parishii ssp. Arabis pygmaea Cordylanthus tecopensis Ci/mania luteola
subglobosum Arabis repanda var. greenei Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii Coodmania luteola
Ditaxis clariana Arabis shockleyi Cryptantha costata Crindelia fraxino-pratensis
Eschscholzia hypecoides Arctomecon merriamii Cryptantha glomeriflora Hackelia brevicula
Eucnide rupestris Astragalus argophyllus var. Cryptantha holoptera Hackelia sharsmithii
Ceraea viscida argophyllus Cryptantha incana Halimolobos virgata
Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes Astragalus atratus var. mensanus Cryptantha roosiorum Hedeoma nanum var. californicum
Horsfordia alata Astragalus cimae var. suff/atus Cryptantha scoparia Horkelia hispidula
Astragalus funereus

l
Horsfordia newberryi Cryptantha tumulosa Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis
lpomopsis effusa Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri Cymopterus gilmanii Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea
lpomopsis tenuifolia Astragalus gilmanii Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides Hymenopappus filifolius var. nanus
juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Astragalus inyoensis Dedeckera eurekensis Iva acerosa
juncus cooperi Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus Delphinium inopinum Iva nevadensis
Koeberlinia spinosa ssp. tenuispina Astragalus kentrophyta var. elatus Dodecatheon pulchellum lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Lotus haydonii Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba californica lvesia campestris
Lupinus excubitus var. medius kernensis Draba lonchocarpa var. lvesia kingii var. kingii
Lycium parishii Astragalus lentiginosus var. micans lonchocarpa jamesia americana var. rosea
Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba praealta juncus cooperi
Malperia tenuis piscinensis Draba sharsmithii Juncus nodosus
Mentzelia hirsutissima Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba sierrae Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis
Mentzelia tridentata sesquimetralis Draba subumbe/lata Linanthus oblanceolatus
Mimulus aridus
Astragalus mohavensis var. Loeflingia squarrosa var.
Dryopteris filix-mas
Mirabilis tenuiloba hemigyrus Dudleya calcicola artemisiarum
Nama stenocarpum Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp.
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus Enceliopsis covillei inyoense
Opuntia munzii Astragalus platytropis Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata Lomatium rigidum
 328 APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Lupin us gracilentus Poa lettermanii Calycadenia villosa Eschscholzia procera

Lupinus holmgrenanus Pohlia tundrae Camissonia integrifolia Fimbristylis thermalis
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Polygala heterorhyncha Camissonia kernensis ssp. Fritillaria agrestis
Lupinus magnificus var. g!areco/a Populus angustifolia kernensis Fritillaria brandegei
Lupinus magnificus var. hesperius Potamogeton robbinsii Canbya candida Fritillaria pinetorum
Lupinus magnificus var. magnificus Ranunculus hydrocharoides Carlquistia muirii Fritillaria striata
Lupinus nevadensis Rhynchospora alba Castilleja plagiotoma Calium angustifolium ssp. onycense
Lupinus padre-crowleyi Salvia funerea Caulanthus californicus Cilia interior
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus Schoenus nigricans Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Maurandya petrophila SclerocactusJohnsonii Ceanothus pinetorum Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Mentzelia eremophila Sclerocactus polyancistrus Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Cithopsis tenella
Mentzelia torreyi Scutellaria lateriflora Chorizanthe spinosa Coodmania luteola
Mentzelia tridentata Selaginella leucobryoides Chrysothamnus albidus Hesperevax caulescens
Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis Selinocarpus nevadensis Cirsium crassicaule Heterotheca shevockii
Mimulus parryi Sibara deserti C!arkia exilis Heuchera elegans
Mimulus rupicola Sidalcea covillei C!arkia tembloriensis ssp. Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Minuartia obtusiloba Sisyrinchium funereum calientensis Lasthenia ferrisiae
Monardella beneolens Spartina gracilis C!arkia xantiana ssp. parviflora Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Mortonia utahensis Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola Convolvulus simulans Lasthenia lepta/ea
Mui/la coronata Sphenopholis obtusata Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Layia heterotricha
Myurellajulacea Streptanthus gracilis kernensis Layia leucopappa
Nitrophila mohavensis Streptanthus oliganthus Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Layia munzii
Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita Swallenia alexandrae Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Lepidiumjaredii ssp. jaredii
Oenothera californica ssp. Swertia albomarginata brevibracteatus Lewisia disepala
eurekensis Tetracoccus ilicifolius Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis Linanthus grandiflorus
Opuntia pulchella Thalictrum alpinum Cymopterus deserticola Linanthus serrulatus
Oryctes nevadensis Thelypodium integrifolium ssp. Deinandra arida Loeflingia squarrosa var.
Oxytheca watsonii complanatum Deinandra mohavensis artemisiarum
Oxytropis parryi Tonestus eximius Delphinium J!)'psophilum ssp. Lomatium shevockii
Penstemon calcareus Tonestus peirsonii J!)'psophilum Madia radiata
Penstemon fruticiformis var. Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Delphinium hansenii ssp. Mentzelia eremophila
amargosae Trifolium dedeckerae ewanianum Mentzelia tridentata
Penstemon papillatus Triglochin palustris Delphinium inopinum Microseris sylvatica
Penstemon scapoides Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum Mimulus microphyllus
Penstemon stephensii • Kern County Delphinium purpusii Mimulus pictus
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 42 Delphinium recurvatum Mimulus shevockii
Penstemon utahensis
LIST 1A: O; LIST 1 B: 74; LIST 2 :
Perityle inyoensis 4 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 62
Dudleya calcicola Monardella beneolens
Perityle villosa Eremalche kernensis Monardella candicans
Allium shevockii
Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii Eriastrum hooveri Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
Peteria thompsoniae Ericameria gilmanii Monolopia congdonii
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. Erigeron aequifolius Mucronea californica
Angelica cal/ii
acuminatum Eriogonum breedlovei var. Mui/la coronata
Antirrhinum ovatum
Phacelia amabilis breedlovei Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Astragalus ertterae
Phacelia anelsonii Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii Navarretia peninsularis
Astragalus macrodon
Phacelia inyoensis Eriogonum gossypinum Navarretia setiloba
Astragalus subvestitus
Phacelia mustelina Eriogonum kennedyi var. pinicola Nemacladus gracilis
Phacelia nashiana A triplex cordulata
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Nemacladus twisselmannii
Atriplex coronata var. coronata
Phacelia novenmillensis Eriogonum temblorense Nemophila parvif/ora var.
Atriplex depressa
Phacelia peirsoniana Eriophyllum Jepsonii quercifolia
Atriplex erecticaulis
Phacelia pulchella var. gooddingii Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei
Atriplex subtilis
Phlox dispersa Eriophyllum lanatum var. Orthotrichum shevockii
Atriplex tularensis
Physaria chambersii obovatum Orthotrichum spjutii
Atriplex vallicola
Physocarpus alternans Erodium macrophyllum Penstemon papillatus
Azolla mexicana
Pinus longaeva Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp. Pentachaeta fragilis
Piptatherum micranthum Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
kernensis Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Calochortus striatus
Plagiobothrys parishii Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. Perideridia pringlei
Plagiobothrys salsus Calochortus westonii
twisselmannii Phacelia exilis
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 329

Phacelia nashiana Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Helianthus exilis Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
Phacelia novenmillensis Amsinckia lunaris Hemizonia congesta ssp. ca!yculata kruckebergii
Pseudobahia peirsonii Anisocarpus scabridus Hesperolinon adenophyllum Thelypodium brachycarpum
Psorothamnus arborescens var. Antirrhinum subcordatum Hesperolinon bicarpellatum Torte/la a/pico/a
arborescens Antirrhinum virga Hesperolinon didymocarpum Tracyina rostrata
Pterygoneurum californicum Arabis oregano Hesperolinon drymarioides Trichodon cylindricus
Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. Hesperolinon serpentinum Triteleia lugens
Sagittaria sanfordii sonomensis Horkelia bolanderi Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Sclerocactus polyancistrus Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Lasthenia burkei
Selaginella asprella elegans Layia septentrionalis • Lassen County
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 56
Senecio ionophyllus Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Legenere limosa
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 23; LIST Z:
Streptanthus cordatus var. piutensis raichei Lilium rubescens
72; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4: 36
Streptanthus farnsworthianus Asclepias solanoana Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Alisma gramineum
Stylocline citroleum Astragalus breweri Linanthus acicularis
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens
Stylocline masonii Astragalus clevelandii Linanthusjepsonii
Swertia neglecta Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus Linanthus latisectus Antennaria flagellaris
Arnica fulgens
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Linanthus rattanii
Astragalus agrestis
Tortu/a californica Azolla mexicana Lomatium hooveri
Astragalus anxius
Trichostema ovatum Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. Lomatium repostum
Astragalus argophyllus var.
Trifolium dedeckerae macrolepis Lupinus antoninus
argophyllus
Viola aurea Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Lupinus sericatus
Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Malacothamnus helleri
Astragalus inversus
Calamagrostis ophitidis Micropus amphibolus
• Kings County Astragalus iodanthus var.
Calyptridium quadripetalum Mimulus glaucescens
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: ZZ Calystegia co/lino ssp. oxyphylla diaphanoides
Mimulus nudatus
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 1 Z; LIST Z: Astragalus lemmonii
1; LIST 3: 1; LIST 4: 8
Carex comosa Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
rubicundula Navarretia cotulifolia
Atriplex cordulata A triplex argentea var. hillmanii
Ceanothus confusus Navarretia heterandra
A triplex coronata var. coronata A triplex gardneri var. falcata
Ceanothus divergens Navarretiajepsonii
Atriplex erecticaulis Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Atriplex subtilis Calochortus longebarbatus var.
minus Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Atriplex vallicola longebarbatus
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi pauciflora
Caulanthus californicus Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides
Collomia diversifolia Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Camissonia claviformis ssp.
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus plieantha
Cirsium crassicaule cruciformis
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Camissonia minor
Cryptantha excavata Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
lf>'psophilum Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp.
Delphinium uliginosum Navarretia subuligera
Delphinium recurvatum quadriperforata
Didymodon norrisii Orcuttia tenuis
Eriastrum hooveri Cardamine bellidifolia var.
Epilobium nivium Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Eriogonum gossypinum pachyphylla
Equisetum palustre Penstemon newberryi var.
Erodium macrophyllum Carex atherodes
Eriastrum brandegeae sonomensis
Hordeum intercedens Carex inops ssp. inops
Erigeron angustatus Piperia leptopetala
Lasthenia ferrisiae Carex lasiocarpa
Eriogonum luteolum var. cantnum Plagiobothrys /ithocaryus
Layia heterotricha Carex limosa
Eriogonum nervulosum Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi
Madia radiata Carex petasata
Eriogonum tripodum Potamogeton zosteriformis
Monolopia congdonii Carex sheldonii
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Nemacladus gracilis Carex vallicola
bahiiforme Sedella leiocarpa
Trichostema ovatum Caulanthus major var. nevadensis
Erodium macrophyllum Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Twisselmannia californica C!aytonia umbellata
Eryngium constancei Sidalcea oregano ssp. hydrophila
Erythronium helenae Streptanthus barbiger Cleomella brevipes
• Lake County
Fritillaria pluriflora Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Cleomella hillmanii
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 1 1 0
Collomia tracyi
LIST 1 A: 1 ; LIST 1 B : 49; LIST Z : Fritillaria purdyi hoffmanii
Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii
6; LIST 3 : 4 ; LIST 4 : 50 Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Streptanthus breweri var.
Cryptantha scoparia
Achnatherum lemmonii var. Gratia/a heterosepala hesperidis
Daleo ornata
pubescens Hackelia amethystina Streptanthus drepanoides
Delphinium stachydeum
Harmonia ha/Iii Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus
 330 APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Dimeresia howellii Penstemon janishiae Allium howellii var. clokeyi Crossosoma californicum
Downingia laeta Penstemon sudans Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Cymopterus deserticola
Drosera anglica Phacelia gymnoclada Aphanisma blitoides Deinandra minthornii
Erigeron disparipilus Phacelia inundata Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Dichondra occidentalis
Erigeron elegantulus Phlox muscoides Arctostaphylos parryana ssp. Dithyrea maritima
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Pogog)tne f/oribunda tumescens Dodecahema leptoceras
Erigeron nevadincola Polyctenium fremontii var. Arenaria macradenia var. kuschei Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens fremontii Arenaria paludicola blochmaniae
Eriogonum collinum Polyctenium williamsiae Asplenium vespertinum Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis
Eriogonum heracleoides var. Polygala subspinosa Aster greatae Dudleya cymosa ssp. crebrifolia
heracleoides Potamogeton filiformis Astragalus bicristatus Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens
Eriogonum nutans var. nutans Potamogeton praelongus Astragalus brauntonii Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. Potamogeton robbinsii Astragalus lentiginosus var. Dudleya densiflora
ochrocephalum Potamogeton zosteriformis antonius Dudleya multicaulis
Eriogonum prociduum Potentilla basaltica Astragalus leucolobus Dudleya virens ssp. insularis
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. Potentilla newberryi Astragalus preussii var. laxiflorus Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
pyrolifolium Psilocarphus elatior Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Erodium macrophyllum Psoralidium lanceolatum /anosissimus Eriogonum microthecum var.
Geum aleppicum Rhynchospora alba Astragalus tener var. titi johnstonii
Gratia/a heterosepala Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare Atriplex coulteri Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus
Hackelia cusickii Rorippa columbiae Atriplex pacifica Erodium macrophyllum
Hu/sea nana Rumex venosus Atriplex parishii Erysimum insulare ssp.
lliamna bakeri Salix bebbiana Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii suffrutescens
lvesia aperta var. aperta Scutellaria galericulata Baccharis malibuensis Fritillaria pinetorum
lvesia baileyi var. baileyi Scutellaria holmgreniorum Baccharis plummerae ssp. Galium angustifolium ssp.
lvesia paniculata Senecio hydrophiloides plummerae gabrielense
lvesia sericoleuca Senecio indecorus Berberis nevinii Galium cliftonsmithii
lvesia webberi Silene oregana Botrychium crenulatum Galium grande
juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Sparganium natans Brodiaea fi!ifolia Ga/ium jepsonii
Loeflingia squarrosa var. Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp. Calandrinia breweri Galium johnstonii
artemisiarum grossulariifolia Calandrinia maritima Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Stanleya viridiflora Calochortus catalinae Goodmania luteola
macdougalii Stellaria obtusa Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Harpagonella palmeri
Lomatium hendersonii Stenotus lanuginosus Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii
Lomatium ravenii Suaeda occidentalis Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Heuchera abramsii
Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica Calochortus plummerae Heuchera elegans
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Thelypodium brachycarpum Calochortus striatus Hordeum intercedens
Lupinus nevadensis Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus Thelypodium integrifolium ssp. Calystegia peirsonii Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis
Lycopus uniflorus complanatum Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Mertensia cusickii Thelypodium milleflorum Camissonia lewisii Jug/ans californica
Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena Thermopsis californica var. Canbya candida juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Microseris sylvatica argentata Castilleja gleasonii juncus duranii
Mimulus evanescens Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Castilleja plagiotoma Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Mimulus pygmaeus Trifolium gymnocarpon var. Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Lepechinia fragrans
Muhlenbergia jonesii plummerae Cercocarpus betuloides var. Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Nemophila breviflora Trimorpha acris var. debilis blancheae Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Orcuttia tenuis Tripterocalyx crux-maltae Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Lilium parryi
Oreostemma elatum Utricularia minor orcuttiana Linanthus concinnus
Orobanche ludoviciana var. Chamaebatia australis Linanthus orcuttii
arenosa • Los Angeles County Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Loeflingia squarrosa var.
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 5 6
Oryzopsis exigua Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi artemisiarum
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 73; LIST 2 :
Pedicularis centranthera 7; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4: 7 0
Chorizanthe spinosa Lupinus elatus
Penstemon cinereus Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca Lupinus excubitus var. johnstonii
Abronia maritima
Penstemon cinicola Convolvulus simulans Lupinus peirsonii
Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Penstemon heterodoxus var. Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Lycium brevipes var. hassei
cordata
shastensis maritimus Lycium ca/ifornicum
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 331

Malacothamnus davidsonii • Madera County Pseudobahia bahiifolia Delphinium bakeri

Microseris douglasii var. TOTAL N U M BER OF TA.XA: 54 Streptanthus farnsworthianus Delphinium luteum
platycarpha LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B: 26; LIST 2 : Trifolium bolanderi Dichondra occidentalis
4 ; LIST 3: 2; LIST 4: 2 2 Dirca occidentalis
Microseris sylvatica Tuctoria greenei
Mimulusjohnstonii Arabis repanda var. greenei Veronica cusickii Elymus californicus
Monardella cinerea Atriplex cordulata Wyethia e/ata Erigeron biolettii
Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola Atriplex depressa Erigeron supp/ex
Mucronea californica Atriplex minuscula • Marin County Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Muhlenbergia californica Atriplex subtilis TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 1 06 Erysimum franciscanum
LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST 1 B : 69; LIST 2 :
Mui/la coronata Calycadenia hooveri Fissidens pauperculus
5; LIST 3: 6 ; LIST 4: 2 5
Nama stenocarpum Calyptridium pulchellum Fritillaria lanceolata var. tristulis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola Abronia umbellata ssp. brevif/ora Fritillaria liliacea
Navarretia fossalis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae Agrostis blasdalei
Navarretia prostrata Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Carex congdonii Alopecurus aequalis var.
Nemacaulis denudata var. Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Carex praticola sonomensis
denudata Cilia millefoliata
Nemacladus gracilis Carpenteria californica Amorpha californica var. napensis
Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
Castilleja campestris ssp. Amsinckia lunaris
Nolina cismontana Helianthella castanea
succulenta Arabis blepharophylla
Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada Hemizonia congesta ssp.
Ceanothus fresnensis Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp.
Orcuttia californica leucocephala
Oreonana vestita Clarkia australis montana Hesperevax sparsif/ora var.
Collomia rawsoniana Arctostaphylos virgata
Orobanche valida ssp. valida brevifolia
Oxytheca caryophylloides Cordylanthus palmatus Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Hesperolinon congestum
Parnassia cirrata Cryptantha hooveri Astragalus breweri
Holocarpha macradenia
Cypripedium montanum Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
Pentachaeta aurea Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea
Pentachaeta lyonii Delphinium i!)'psophilum ssp. pycnostachyus
Horkelia marinensis
i!)'psophilum Blennosperma nanum var.
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Horkelia tenuiloba
Delphinium hansenii ssp. robustum
Perideridia pringlei Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri
ewanianum Boschniakia hookeri
Phacelia exilis Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
Phacelia mohavensis Didymodon norrisii Calamagrostis crassiglumis
macrantha
Phacelia stellaris Eriogonum prattenianum var. Calamagrostis ophitidis
Layia carnosa
Piperia cooperi av1um Calandrinia breweri
Lessingia hololeuca
Piperia leptopetala Eriophyllum nubigenum Calochortus tiburonensis
Lessingia micradenia var.
Piperia michaelii Eryngium spinosepalum Calochortus umbellatus
micradenia
Plagiobothrys parishii Erythronium plurif/orum Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Lilium maritimum
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Campanula californica
Limnanthes douglasii ssp.
Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ewanii Coodmania luteola Carex buxbaumii
sulphurea
Potentilla multijuga Cratiola heterosepala Carex lepta/ea
Linanthus acicularis
Quercus durata var. gabrielensis Hu/sea brevifolia Carex lyngbyei
Linanthus croceus
Quercus engelmannii lvesia unguiculata Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Linanthus grandif/orus
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii jensiayosemitana Castilleja ambigua ssp.
Linanthus rosaceus
Romneya coulteri Lewisia disepala humboldtiensis
Lupinus tidestromii
Rorippa gambelii Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Micropus amphibolus
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Linanthus grandif/orus Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus
Microseris paludosa
austromontana Linanthus serrulatus Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus
Monardella undulata
Selaginella asprella Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus Ceanothus masonii
Navarretia cotulifolia
Senecio aphanactis Mimulus acutidens Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Senecio ionophyllus Mimulus grayi cuspidata
Navarretia rosulata
Sidalcea neomexicana Mimulus laciniatus Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa
Pentachaeta bellidif/ora
Stylocline masonii Monardella candicans Chorizanthe valida
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Suaeda esteroa Nemophila parvif/ora var. Cirsium andrewsii
Phacelia insularis var. continentis
Suaeda taxifolia quercifolia Cirsium hydrophilum var. vaseyi
Piperia elegans ssp. decurtata
Swertia neglecta Orcuttia inaequalis Clarkia concinna ssp. raichei
Piperia michaelii
Orcuttia pilosa Collinsia corymbosa
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Pityopus californicus
Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis Pentachaeta fragilis Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Plagiobothrys glaber
Thermopsis californica var. Perideridia bacigalupii palustris
Pleuropogon hooverianus
argentata Piperia colemanii Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
Pleuropogon refractus
Potamogeton robbinsii Cypripedium californicum
Polygonum marinense
332 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS BY C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Quercus parvula var. tamalpaisensis Eriophyllum congdonii Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Eschscholzia hypecoides
Ranunculus lobbii Eriophyllum nubigenum elegans Fritillaria agrestis
Rhynchospora californica Fritil/aria agrestis Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Fritil/aria purdyi
Ribes victoris Cithopsis pulchella ssp. Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Fritillaria roderickii
Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata serpentinicola raichei Centiana setigera
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Horke/ia parryi Arenaria paludicola Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Hu/sea brevifolia Asclepias solanoana Cilia millefoliata
Stebbinsoseris decipiens lvesia unguiculata Astragalus agnicidus Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Stellaria littoralis jensiayosemitana Astragalus breweri Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa
Streptanthus batrachopus jepsonia heterandra Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Clyceria grandis
Streptanthus glandulosus ssp. Lewisia congdonii Blennosperma nanum var. Hackelia amethystina
pulchellus Lewisia disepala robustum Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata
Streptanthus niger Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Boschniakia hookeri Hemizonia congesta ssp.
Trifolium amoenum Linanthus serrulatus Calamagrostis bolanderi leucocephala
Triphysaria floribunda Lomatium congdonii Calamagrostis crassiglumis Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus Calamagrostis foliosa Hesperevax sparsiflora var.
Lupinus gracilentus Calandrinia breweri brevifolia
• Mariposa County Lupinus spectabilis Calystegia collina ssp. oxyphylla Hesperolinon adenophyllum
TOTAL N U MBER O F TAXA: 73 Meesia uliginosa Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola Horkelia bolanderi
LIST l A : 1; LIST 1 8 : 3 1 ; LIST 2:
Mielichhoferia elongata Campanula californica Horkelia marinensis
1 0;
LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 3 0 Mimulus filicaulis Cardamine pachystigma var. Horkelia tenuiloba
Mimulus gracilipes dissectifolia Howellia aquatilis
Agrostis humilis
Mimulus grayi Carex arcta lliamna bakeri
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Mimulus inconspicuus Carex californica juncus supiniformis
Alliumyosemitense
Mimulus laciniatus Carex comosa Lasthenia burkei
Anomobryum filiforme
Mimulus pulchellus Carex livida Lasthenia conjugens
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Monardella candicans Carex lyngbyei Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri
macrolepis
Ophioglossum californicum Carex saliniformis Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
Bolandra californica
Perideridia bacigalupii Carex viridula var. viridula macrantha
Bruchia bolanderi
Piperia colemanii Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lathyrus glandulosus
Bulbostylis capillaris
Piperia leptopetala Castilleja ambigua ssp. Layia septentrionalis
Calandrinia breweri
Pityopus californicus humboldtiensis Lewisia stebbinsii
Calochortus clavatus var. avius
Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi Castilleja mendocinensis Lilium maritimum
Calycadenia hooveri
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. Ceanothus confusus Lilium rubescens
Calyptridium pulchellum
nuttallii Ceanothus foliosus var. vineatus Limnanthes bakeri
Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
Rhynchospora alba Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus Linanthus acicularis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
Rhynchospora californica Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus Linanthus latisectus
Carex congdonii
Rhynchospora capitellata Chorizanthe howellii Linanthus rattanii
Carex tompkinsii
Trichostema rubisepalum Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi Listera cordata
Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
Trifolium bolanderi Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Lomatium engelmannii
Ceanothus fresnensis
Veronica cusickii Collinsia corymbosa Lupinus antoninus
Cinna bolanderi
Wyethia elata Collomia diversifolia Lupinus milo-bakeri
Clarkia australis
Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea Malacothamnus mendocinensis
Clarkia biloba ssp. australis • Mendocino County Cypripedium californicum Melica spectabilis
Clarkia lingulata TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 1 4 5 Cypripedium montanum Microseris borealis
Clarkia rostrata LIST l A : 3; LIST 1 8: 6 1 ; LIST 2 :
Epilobium nivium Microseris paludosa
Clarkia virgata 2 5;
LIST 3: 3; LIST 4: 53 Epilobium oreganum Mimulus nudatus
Claytonia megarhiza
Epilobium septentrionale Mite/la caulescens
Collomia rawsoniana Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
Agrostis blasdalei
Erigeron biolettii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Cryptantha mariposae
Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Navarretia cotulifolia
Cypripedium montanum Alisma gramineum
Angelica lucida
Erigeron supp/ex Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Downingia pusilla
Eriogonum kelloggii Navarretia subuligera
Entosthodon kochii Anisocarpus scabridus
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Ophioglossum pusillum
Erigeron mariposanus Antirrhinum virga
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Eriogonum tripodum Arabis macdonaldiana
bahiiforme Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
tanacetiflorum sonomens1s Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii Phacelia insularis var. continentis
Erythronium revolutum Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi
 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D 333

Piperia candida Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus A triplex argentea var. hillmanii Mertensia cusickii
Pityopus californicus Cryptantha hooveri A triplex gardneri var. falcata Mertensia longiflora
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Cryptantha rattanii Azolla mexicana Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena
Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi Delphinium californicum ssp. Balsamorhiza serrata Mertensia oblongifolia var.
Pleuropogon hooverianus interius Betula pumila var. glandulifera oblongifolia
Pleuropogon refradus Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Botrychium crenulatum Mimulus cusickii
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. gypsophilum Botrychium lunaria Mimulus evanescens
nuttallii Delphinium recurvatum Calochortus greenei Mimulus pygmaeus
Puccinellia pumila Downingia pusilla Calochortus longebarbatus var. Muhlenbergia jonesii
Ranunculus lobbii Eleocharis quadrangulata longebarbatus Navarretia subuligera
Rhynchospora alba Eriogonum nudum var. indidum Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides Nemophila breviflora
Ribes roezlii var. amidum Eriogonum vestitum Camissonia claviformis ssp. Osmorhiza depauperata
Ribes vidoris Erodium macrophyllum cruciformis Penstemon cinereus
Sanguisorba officinalis Eryngium racemosum Camissonia minor Penstemon cinicola
Sedum eastwoodiae Gratia/a heterosepala Campanula scabrella Penstemon heterodoxus var.
Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi Hesperevax caulescens Carex atherodes shastensis
Sidalcea ca!ycosa ssp. rhizomata Lasthenia ferrisiae Carex inops ssp. inops Penstemon janishiae
Sidalcea malachroides Linanthus ambiguus Carex petasata Phacelia inundata
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Linanthus grandiflorus Carex sheldonii Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa
Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Malacothamnus ha/Iii Carex vallicola Phlox muscoides
Silene campanulata ssp. Microseris sylvatica Chenopodium simplex Plagiobothrys salsus
campanulata Monardella leucocephala Claytonia megarhiza Platanthera strida
Ste/laria littoralis Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii Claytonia umbellata Pogogyne floribunda
Streptanthus barbiger Navarretia nigelliformis ssp. Cordylanthus capitatus Polyctenium fremontii var.
Streptanthus drepanoides radians Cupressus bakeri fremontii
Traryina rostrata Navarretia prostrata Cypripedium montanum Polygonum polygaloides ssp.
Trichodon rylindricus Nemacladus gracilis Delphinium stachydeum esotericum
Trifolium amoenum Neostapfia colusana Dimeresia howellii Potamogeton epihydrus ssp.
Triquetrella californica Ophioglossum californicum Dodecatheon pulchellum nuttallii
Veratrum fimbriatum Orcuttia inaequalis Downingia laeta Potamogeton zosteriformis
Viburnum ellipticum Orcuttia pilosa Erigeron elegantulus Potentilla newberryi
Viola palustris Pentachaeta fragilis Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Psi/ocarphus elatior
Wyethia longicaulis Phacelia ciliata var. opaca Eriogonum heracleoides var. Ranunculus macounii
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Plagiobothrys glaber heracleoides Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare
Potamogeton filiformis Eriogonum prociduum Rorippa columbiae
• Merced County Pseudobahia bahiifolia Eriogonum umbellatum var. Salix bebbiana
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 5 5 Sagittaria sanfordii glaberrimum Salvia dorrii var. incana
LIST 1 A : 2; LIST 1 B: 30; LIST 2 :
6 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 1 6
Senecio aphanadis Galium glabrescens ssp. modocense Saxifraga cespitosa
Streptanthus insignis ssp. lyonii Galium serpenticum ssp. Scutellaria galericulata
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii warnerense Scutellaria holmgreniorum
Agrostis hendersonii
Tudoria greenei Gentiana affinis var. parvidentata Senecio hydrophiloides
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Geum aleppicum Senecio indecorus
Astragalus tener var. tener • Modoc County Gratia/a heterosepala Silene oregana
A triplex cordulata TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 1 3
Hackelia cusickii Solidago gigantea
Atriplex coronata var. coronata LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 7; LIST 2 :
63; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4 : 3 0
Hu/sea nana Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa
A triplex depressa
Hymenoxys lemmonii Stenotus lanuginosus
A triplexjoaquiniana Alisma gramineum
lfiamna bakeri Suaeda occidentalis
Atriplex minuscula Antennaria flagellaris
lvesia baileyi var. beneolens Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica
A triplex persistens Arabis cobrensis
Lathyrus rigidus Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Atriplex subtilis Arabis microphylla var. microphylla
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Thelypodium milleflorum
Atriplex vallicola Arabis oregana
macdougalii Thermopsis californica var.
Calycadenia hooveri Amica fulgens
Lomatium grayi argentata
Castilleja campestris ssp. Astragalus inversus
Lomatium hendersonii Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii
succulenta Astragalus iodanthus var.
Lomatium ravenii Trifolium gymnocarpon var.
Chamaesyce hooveri diaphanoides
Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus plummerae
Clarkia breweri Astragalus lemmonii
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii
Clarkia rostrata Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
Lupinus uncialis Utricularia intermedia
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Utricularia minor Chrysothamnus albidus Lupinus pusillus var. intermantanus Triglachin palustris
Valeriana occidenta/is Claytonia megarhiza Mentze/ia torreyi Viola aurea
Claytonia umbellata Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis
• Mono County • Monterey County
Cleomella brevipes Minuartia obtusilaba
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 53 Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii Muhlenbergiajanesii TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 68
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 3 6; LIST 2 : LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST l B : 9 5; LIST 2 :
Cryptantha crymophila Opuntia pulchella
7 3 ; LIST 3 : 4 ; LIST 4: 40 1 ; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 65
Cryptantha glomeriflora Orabanche ludaviciana var.
Abronia nana ssp. covillei Cusickiella quadricostata arenasa Abies bracteata
Achnatherum aridum Dedeckera eurekensis Acanthomintha lancealata
Orthatrichum spjutii
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens Acanthamintha abavata ssp.
Dodecatheon pulchellum Oxytropis deflexa var. sericea
Angelica kingii cordata
Draba asterophora var. Oxytrapis parryi
Antennaria pulchella asterophora Pedicularis crenulata Acanthomintha abavata ssp.
Arabis bodiensis Draba breweri var. cana Pensteman barnebyi abavata
Arabis cobrensis Draba californica Pensteman papillatus Allium hickmanii
Arabis dispar Draba incrassata Amorpha californica var. napensis
Phacelia gymnaclada
Arabis fernaldiana var. stylosa Antirrhinum avatum
Draba lanchacarpa var. Phacelia inyaensis
Arabis microphylla var. microphylla Arabis blepharaphylla
lanchacarpa Phacelia manoensis
Arabis pinzlae Arctastaphylas cruzensis
Draba monaensis Phacelia peirsaniana
Arabis repanda var. greenei Draba praealta Physacarpus alternans Arctastaphylas edmundsii
Arabis tiehmii Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri
Draba sierrae Pinus longaeva
Astragalus argophyllus var. Draba subumbellata Piptatherum micranthum Arctastaphylas haaveri
argophyllus Dryopteris filix-mas Plagiobothrys parishii Arctostaphylos montereyensis
Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri Elymus scribneri Paa abbreviata ssp. marshii Arctastaphylas abispaensis
Astragalus inyoensis Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Paa abbreviata ssp. pattersanii Arctastaphylas pajaraensis
Astragalusjohannis-howellii nudicaulis Paa lettermanii Arctastaphylas pilasula
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus Epilabium hawellii Padistera nevadensis Arctastaphylas pumila
Astragalus lemmonii Ericameria nana Palemanium chartaceum Aristocapsa insignis
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Eriagonum baileyi var. praebens Palyctenium fremontii var. Aspidatis carlatta-halliae
piscinensis fremontii Astragalus macradan
Eriagonum micrathecum var.
Astragalus monoensis var. alpinum Polyctenium williamsiae Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii
monoensis Eriogonum nutans var. nutans Polygala intermontana Astragalus tener var. tener
Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii Eriaganum ochrocephalum var. Patamageton filiformis Astragalus tener var. titi
Astragalus oophorus var. lavinii alexanderae Patentilla concinna Atriplex caronata var. coronata
Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus Eriaganum shackleyi var. shackleyi Patentilla gracilis var. pulcherrima Atriplexjaaquiniana
Astragalus platytropis Festuca minutiflara Patentilla marefieldii Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata
Astragalus pseudiodanthus Bloomeria humilis
Fimbristylis thermalis Patentilla newberryi
Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi Calandrinia breweri
Fritillaria pinetarum Ranunculus hydracharoides
Blepharidachne kingii Calachortus weedii var. vestus
Gentiana prostrata Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Botrychium crenulatum Glyceria grandis Calycadenia villasa
Salix nivalis
Botrychium lunaria Gaadmania luteala Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae
Scirpus pumilus
Calochortus excavatus Hackelia brevicula Sedum pinetarum Calystegia callina ssp. venusta
Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii Camissonia hardhamiae
Halima/obos virgata Senecio pattersonensis
Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Carex obispoensis
Hordeum intercedens Spartina gracilis
Carex congdonii Harkelia hispidula Carlquistia muirii
Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
Carex eleocharis Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyaensis nitraphila Castilleja latifolia
Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmanii
Sphenophalis abtusata
Carex norvegica Hymenapappus filifolius var. nanus Streptanthus aliganthus Ceanathus cuneatus var. rigidus
Carex occidentalis Iva nevadensis Tetradymia tetrameres Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Carex parryana var. ha/Iii lvesia kingii var. kingii Thalictrum alpinum Chlaragalum purpureum var.
Carex petasata purpureum
)amesia americana var. rasea Thelypadium integrifolium ssp.
Carex praticola )uncus hemiendytus var. abjectus complanatum Charizanthe bilaba var. immemora
Carex scirpoidea ssp. Chorizanthe dauglasii
Kabresia bellardii Thelypodium milleflarum
pseudoscirpoidea Tonestus peirsonii Charizanthe palmeri
Lupinus duranii
Carex tahoensis
Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii Townsendia condensata Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens
Carex tiogana Charizanthe rectispina
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Townsendia leptotes
Carex vallicola Chorizanthe robusta var. rabusta
Lupinus nevadensis Tawnsendia parryi
Chaetadelpha wheeleri Chorizanthe ventricosa
Lupinus padre-crowleyi Trifolium dedeckerae
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 335

Cirsium occidentale var. Lasthenia ferrisiae Ribes sericeum Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
compactum Lasthenia lepta/ea Rosa pinetorum Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus
Clarkia breweri Layia carnosa Sanicula hoffmannii Cryptantha cleve/andii var. dissita
Clarkiajolonensis Layia heterotricha Sanicula maritima Delphinium uliginosum
Clarkia lewisii Layia jonesii Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. hickmanii Downingia pusilla
Collinsia multicolor Lessingia hololeuca Sidalcea malachroides Eleocharis parvula
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis Lessingia occidentalis Stebbinsoseris decipiens Equisetum palustre
Corethrowne leucophylla Lessingia tenuis Streptanthus albidus ssp. Erigeron angustatus
Cryptantha rattanii Linanthus grandiflorus peramoenus Erigeron biolettii
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana Lomatium parvifolium Stylocline masonii Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Cupressus macrocarpa Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii Syntrichopappus lemmonii Eriogonum nervulosum
Deinandra halliana Lupinus cervinus Systenotheca vortriedei Eriogonum tripodum
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Lupinus tidestromii Trifolium buckwestiorum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Delphinium wpsophilum ssp. Madia radiata Trifolium depauperatum var. bahiiforme
wpsophilum Malacothamnus abbottii hydrophilum Erodium macrophyllum
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Malacothamnus aboriginum Trifolium polyodon Erythronium helenae
parviflorum Malacothamnus davidsonii Trifolium trichocalyx Fritillaria plurif/ora
Delphinium hutchinsoniae Malacothamnusjonesii Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii Fritillaria purdyi
Delphinium recurvatum Malacothamnus niveus Trite/eia lugens Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Delphinium umbraculorum Malacothamnus palmeri var. Tropidocarpum capparideum Harmonia ha/Iii
Elymus californicus involucratus Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Harmonia nutans
Eriastrum luteum Malacothamnus palmeri var. Helianthus exilis
Eriastrum virgatum lucianus • Napa County Hesperevax caulescens
Ericameria fasciculata Malacothamnus palmeri var. TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 07 Hesperolinon bicarpellatum
LIST I A : O; LIST 1 B: 50; LIST 2 :
Eriogonum argillosum palmeri Hesperolinon breweri
3; LIST 3: 6; LIST 4: 4 8
Eriogonum butterworthianum Malacothrix phaeocarpa Hesperolinon drymarioides
Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Hesperolinon serpentinum
Eriogonum eastwoodianum Malacothrix saxatilis var.
Amorpha californica var. napensis
Eriogonum heermannii var. arachnoidea Jug/ans hindsii
Amsinckia lunaris
occidentale Micropus amphibolus Lasthenia conjugens
Antirrhinum virga
Eriogonum nortonii Microseris paludosa Lathyrusjepsonii var. jepsonii
Arabis modesta
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus Layia septentrionalis
Eriogonum temblorense Arabis oregana
Mimulus subsecundus Legenere limosa
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Lessingia hololeuca
elegans
bahiiforme Monardella antonina ssp. Lilaeopsis masonii
Erodium macrophyllum benitensis Asclepias solanoana
Lilium rubescens
Aster lentus
Erysimum ammophilum Monardella palmeri Limnanthes floccosa ssp. f/occosa
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii Monardella undulata Astragalus breweri
Limnanthes vinculans
Erysimum menziesii ssp. yadonii Mucronea californica Astragalus clarianus
Linanthus acicularis
Eschscholzia hypecoides Navarretiajaredii Astragalus clevelandii
Linanthusjepsonii
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
Fissidens pauperculus Navarretia nigelliformis ssp. Linanthus latisectus
Fritillaria agrestis radians Astragalus tener var. tener
Lomatium hooveri
Fritillaria falcata Navarretia prostrata A triplexjoaquiniana
Lomatium repostum
Fritillaria liliacea Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Ophioglossum californicum Lupinus sericatus
Fritillaria viridea Pedicularis dudleyi macrolepis
Malacothamnus helleri
Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Micropus amphibolus
Calium californicum ssp. luciense Calamagrostis ophitidis
Pentachaeta fragilis Microseris sylvatica
Calandrinia breweri
Calium clementis Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Mimulus nudatus
Calyptridium quadripetalum
Calium cliftonsmithii Perideridia pringlei Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Calium hardhamiae Pinus radiata Monardella viridis ssp. viridis
Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis Piperia leptopetala Navarretia cotulifolia
Cilia tenuif/ora ssp. arenaria Piperia michaelii rubicundula
Navarretia jepsonii
Ceanothus confusus
Cithopsis tenella Piperia yadonii Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Ceanothus divergens
Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Ceanothus purpureus pauciflora
Holocarpha macradenia hickmanii
Ceanothus sonomensis
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Plagiobothrys uncinatus Navarretia rosulata
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Navarretia subuligera
Horkeliayadonii Pogowne clareana
Collomia diversifolia Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Lasthenia conjugens Potentilla hickmanii
336 APPEN D IX I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Penstemon newberryi var. lvesia sericoleuca Comarostaphylis divmifolia ssp. Sida/cea neomexicana
sonomens1s juncus hemiendytus var. abjedus diversifo/ia Suaeda esteroa
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri juncus marginatus var. marginatus Convolvulus simu/ans Suaeda taxifolia
Pityopus californicus Lathyrus sulphureus var. Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Tetracoccus dioicus
Plagiobothrys stridus argillaceus maritimus Verbesina dissita
Poa napensis Lewisia cantelovii Cupressus forbesii Viguiera laciniata
Polygonum marinense Lewisia longipetala Deinandra paniculata
Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Dichondra occidentalis • Placer County
Ljcopodiella inundata Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 43
multiflorus
LIST T A: O; LIST T B: T 5; LIST 2 :
Ranunculus lobbii Lycopus uniflorus blochmaniae
6 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: T 9
Ribes vidoris Microseris sylvatica Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii Mimulus glaucescens Dudleya multicaulis
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Monardella candicans Dudleya stolonifera
Dudleya viscida Androsace occidentalis var. simplex
Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Monardella follettii
Arabis rigidissima var. demota
Streptanthus barbiger Muhlenbergiajonesii Eleocharis parvula
Ardostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Penstemon personatus Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
Astragalus pauperculus
brachiatus Perideridia bacigalupii sandorum
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus
Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis Phacelia stebbinsii Euphorbia misera
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus Piperia leptopetala Harpagonella palmeri
macrolepis
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus var. Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii
Cardamine pachystigma var.
kruckebergii modestus Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
dissedifolia
Thelypodium brachycarpum Potamogeton robbinsii Hordeum intercedens
Carex davyi
Trichostema rubisepalum Rhynchospora alba Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Carex sheldonii
Trifolium amoenum Rhynchospora capitellata lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens
Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Rorippa subumbellata Jug/ans californica
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
hydrophilum Scutellaria galericulata juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus
Triteleia lugens Sidalcea stipularis Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Downingia pusilla
Viburnum ellipticum Trifolium lemmonii Lepechinia cardiophylla
Erigeron miser
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Utricularia minor Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Eriogonum tripodum
Viola tomentosa Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
• Nevada County Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Lycium californicum
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 50 • Orange County torreyanum
Microseris douglasii var.
LIST T A : O; LIST T B : T 3; LIST 2: TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 78 Fritillaria agrestis
platycarpha
T O; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 24 LIST T A: T ; LIST T B : 42; LIST 2 : Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Mimulus clevelandii
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii 4 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 2 9 Glyceria grandis
Mimulus diffusus
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii Abronia maritima Gratia/a heterosepala
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata
Ardostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei Abronia villosa var. aurita lvesia sericoleuca
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Aphanisma b/itoides Mucronea californica juncus leiospermus var. ahartii
Azolla mexicana Asplenium vespertinum Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Nama stenocarpum
Botrychium minganense Astragalus brauntonii Legenere limosa
Navarretia prostrata
Bruchia bolanderi Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lewisia longipetala
Nemacaulis denudata var. denudata
Bulbostylis capillaris lanosissimus Lewisia serrata
Nolina cismontana
Calystegia stebbinsii Atriplex coulteri Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Ophioglossum californicum
Carex davyi Atriplex pacifica Pentachaeta aurea Microseris sylvatica
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae Atriplex parishii Monardella candicans
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Claytonia megarhiza Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Muhlenbergia jonesii
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii
Cryptantha glomeriflora Brodiaea filifolia Navarretia eriocephala
Piperia cooperi
Cypripedium fasciculatum Calandrinia maritima Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea
Piperia leptopetala
Darlingtonia californica Calochortus catalinae Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Phacelia stebbinsii
Drosera anglica Calochortus plummerae Quercus dumosa Piperia colemanii
Erigeron miser Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Quercus engelmannii Podistera nevadensis
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Camissonia lewisii Romneya coulteri Rorippa subumbellata
Eriogonum collinum Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Scutellaria galericulata
Rorippa gambelii
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Sparganium natans
Sagittaria sanfordii
torreyanum Chaenadis glabriuscula var. Sphaeralcea munroana
Satureja chandleri
Fremontodendron decumbens orcuttiana Veronica cusickii
Selaginella asprella
Fritillaria eastwoodiae Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Senecio aphanadis Viola tomentosa
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 337

• Plumas County Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Allium marvinii Colubrina californica

TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 96 macdougalii Allium munzii Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
UST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 2 2 LIST 2: Lomatium hendersonii Allium parishii diversifolia
3 1 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 40
Lupinus dalesiae Ambrosia pumila Condalia globosa var. pubescens
Arabis constancei Lycopus uniflorus Ammoselinum giganteum Convolvulus simulans
Arabis microphylla var. microphylla Meesia triquetra Androstephium breviflorum Coryphantha alversonii
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei Mimulus laciniatus Antirrhinum cyathiferum Cryptantha costata
Amica fulgens Mimulus pygmaeus Arabisjohnstonii Cryptantha holoptera
Astragalus lemmonii Monardella follettii Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp. Cynanchum utahense
Astragalus lentiformis Monardella stebbinsii peninsularis Deinandra mohavensis
Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae Muhlenbergiajonesii Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Deinandra paniculata
Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii Orcuttia tenuis Asplenium vespertinum Delphinium hesperium ssp.
Astragalus webberi Oreostemma elatum Astragalus bicristatus cuyamacae
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Penstemon heterodoxus var. Astragalus crotalariae Delphinium parishii ssp.
A triplex argentea var. hillmanii shastensis Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii subglobosum
Azolla mexicana Penstemon personatus Astragalus /entiginosus var. Ditaxis clariana
Betula pumila var. glandulifera Piperia colemanii borreganus Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Bruchia bolanderi Piperia leptopetala Astragalus lentiginosus var. Oodecahema leptoceras
Bulbostylis capillaris Polyctenium fremontii var. fremontii coachellae Draba corrugata var. saxosa
Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp. Polygonum polygaloides ssp. Astragalus leucolobus Dudleya multicaulis
quadriperforata esotericum Astragalus nutans Oudleya viscida
Cardamine bellidifolia var. Polystichum kruckebergii Astragalus pachypus var. jaegeri Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
pachyphylla Polystichum lonchitis Astragalus tricarinatus sanctorum
Carex buxbaumii Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. nuttallii A triplex coronata var. notatior Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
Carex geyeri Potamogeton praelongus A triplex coulteri Erigeron parishii
Carexgigas Pyrrocoma lucida Atriplex pacifica Eriogonum foliosum
Carex lasiocarpa Rhynchospora alba Atriplex parishii Erodium macrophyllum
Carex limosa Rhynchospora capitellata Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii
Carex scoparia Scheuchzeria palustris var. Ayenia compacta Euphorbia misera
Carex sheldonii americana Berberis nevinii Galium angustifolium ssp.
Caulanthus major var. nevadensis Scirpus subterminalis Brodiaea filifolia gracillimum
Chenopodium simplex Scutellaria galericulata Brodiaea orcuttii Galium angustifolium ssp.
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens Sedum albomarginatum Bursera microphylla jacinticum
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae Senecio eurycephalus var. lewisrosei Calochortus palmeri var. munzii Galium californicum ssp. primum
Claytonia palustris Senecio hydrophiloides Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Galium Johnston ii
Corallorhiza trifida Silene occidentalis ssp. Calochortus plummerae Geothallus tuberosus
Cupressus bakeri longistipitata Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Cilia caruifolia
Cypripedium californicum Solidago gigantea Camissonia arenaria Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Cypripedium fasciculatum Sparganium natans Carnegiea gigantea Harpagonella palmeri
Cypripedium montanum Stanleya viridiflora Caste/a emoryi Heuchera hirsutissima
Darlingtonia californica Stellaria obtusa Castilleja lasiorhyncha Heuchera parishii
Drosera anglica Thelypodium milleflorum Caulanthus simulans Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
Epilobium luteum Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Ceanothus cyaneus Hordeum intercedens
Epilobium palustre Trifolium lemmonii Ceanothus ophiochilus Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Trimorpha acris var. debilis Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Horsfordia alata
Erigeron nevadincola Utricularia intermedia Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Horsfordia newberryi
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Utricularia minor peirsonii Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens Utricularia ochroleuca Chaenactis parishii Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Hackelia amethystina Vaccinium coccineum Chamaesyce abramsiana /vesia ca/Iida
Hymenoxys lemmonii Viola tomentosa Chamaesyce arizonica Jug/ans californica
lvesia aperta var. aperta Chamaesyce platysperma juncus cooperi
lvesia baileyi var. baileyi • Riverside County Chamaesyce revoluta juncus duranii
lvesia sericoleuca TOTAL N U MBER O F TAXA: 1 83 Chorizanthe leptotheca Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
LIST l A : 2; LIST 1 B: 82; LIST 2 :
lvesia webberi Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi Lepechinia cardiophylla
33; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 6 0
juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Chorizanthe polygonoides var. Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Lewisia cantelovii Abronia villosa var. aurita
longispina Leptodactylon jaegeri
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii Acleisanthes longiflora
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
 338 APPEN D IX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Lilium parryi Senecio aphanactis Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Malacothamnus aboriginum

Limnanthes gra cilis ssp. parishii Senecio ganderi obovata Microseris sylvatica
Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii Senna covesii Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Mimulus subsecundus
Linanthus maculatus Sibaropsis hammittii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Monardella antonina ssp. antonina
Linanthus orcuttii Sidalcea neomexicana Antirrhinum ovatum Monardella antonina ssp.
Lycium parishii Sphaerocarpus drewei Aspidotis carlotta-ha/liae benitensis
Machaeranthera canescens var. Sphenopholis obtusata Astragalus clevelandii Monolopia congdonii
ziegleri Stemodia durantifolia Astragalus macrodon Navarretia cotulifolia
Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. Streptanthus bernardinus Astragalus tener var. tener Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
brachypoda Streptanthus campestris Atriplexjoaquiniana radians
Marina orcuttii var. orcuttii Stylocline sonorensis Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica
Mate/ea parvifolia Syntrichopappus lemmonii Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Mentzelia tridentata Tetracoccus dioicus Calystegia collina ssp. venusta Phacelia phace/ioides
Microseris douglasii var. platycarpha Tetracoccus ha/Iii Camissonia benitensis Piperia leptopetala
Mimulus clevelandii Tetradymia arl')'raea Campanula exigua Piperia michaelii
Mimulus diffusus Thelypteris puberula var. Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
Mirabilis tenuiloba sonorensis Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora hickmanii
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii Tortu/a californica Chorizanthe douglasii Plagiobothrys glaber
Monardella pringlei Tragia ramosa Chorizanthe palmeri Plagiobothrys uncinatus
Monardella robisonii Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii Chorizanthe ventricosa Solidago guiradonis
Mucronea californica Trichostema austromontanum ssp. Clarkia breweri Trichostema rubisepalum
Muhlenbergia californica compactum Clarkia lewisii Trifolium depauperatum var.
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Trichostema micranthum Convolvulus simulans hydrophilum
Nama stenocarpum Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Cryptantha rattanii Triteleia lugens
Navarretia fossalis Xylorhiza cognata Deinandra halliana Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Navarretia prostrata Xylorhiza orcuttii Delphinium californicum ssp.
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis interius • San Bernardino County
Opuntia munzii • Sacramento County Delphinium l')'psophilum ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 298
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 2 0 LIST l A : 4; LIST 1 B: 1 0 1 ; LIST 2:
Opuntia wigginsii l')'psophilum
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 4; LIST 2 : 94; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 9 5
Orcuttia californica 3; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2
Eriastrum hooveri
Eriastrum virgatum Abronia nana ssp. covillei
Oxytheca caryophylloides
Aster lentus Eriogonum argillosum Abutilon parvulum
Oxytheca emarginata
A triplexjoaquiniana Achnatherum aridum
Penstemon californicus Eriogonum heermannii var.
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis occidentale Agave utahensis var. nevadensis
Penstemon clevelandii var. connatus
Downingia pusilla Ageratina herbacea
Penstemon thurberi Eriogonum nortonii
Eryngium pinnatisectum Allium atrorubens var. cristatum
Pentachaeta aurea Eriogonum nudum var. indictum
Fritillaria agrestis Allium marvinii
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Gratia/a heterosepala Allium nevadense
Phaseolus filiformis bahiiforme
Helianthemum suffrutescens Allium parishii
Pilostyles thurberi Eriogonum vestitum
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Aloysia wrightii
Piperia cooperi Eriophyllum jepsonii
jug/ans hindsii Amaranthus watsonii
Piperia leptopeta/a Erodium macrophyllum
juncus leiospermus var. ahartii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Polygala acanthoclada Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
LathyrusJepsonii va r. Jepsonii Androstephium breviflorum
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Eschscholzia hypecoides
Legenere limosa Antennaria marginata
Portulaca halimoides Fritillaria agrestis
Lilaeopsis masonii Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria
Potentilla rimicola Fritillaria falcata
Limosella subulata Arabis dispar
Proboscidea althaeifolia Friti/laria liliacea
Navarretia eriocephala Arabis parishii
Quercus engelmannii Fritillaria viridea
Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii Arabis pulchra var. munciensis
Romneya coulteri Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Orcuttia tenuis Arabis shockleyi
Rupertia rigida Hordeum intercedens
Orcuttia viscida Arctomecon merriamii
Salvia eremostachya lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica
Sagittaria sanfordii
Lasthenia ferrisiae Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
Salvia greatae
Layia discoidea tumescens
Satureja chandleri • San Benito County Arenaria congesta var.
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 74
Layia heterotricha
charlestonensis
austromontana LIST 1 A: 1; LIST 1 8 : 24; LIST 2 : Lepidium jaredii ssp. album
Sedum niveum 1 ; LIST 3: 3; LIST 4 : 4 5 Lessingia occidenta/is Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa
Selaginella asprella Linanthus ambiguus Arenaria paludicola
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Selaginella eremophila Madia radiata Arenaria ursina
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 339

Arl')'rochosma limitanea var. Chrysothamnus gramineus Fend/ere/la utahensis Maurandya antirrhiniflora ssp.
limitanea Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii Fimbristylis thermalis antirrhiniflora
Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula Cleomella brevipes Fritillaria pinetorum Mentzelia eremophila
Asclepias nyctaginifolia Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Calium angustifolium ssp. Mentzelia tridentata
Asplenium vespertinum eremicus gabrielense Mimulus exiguus
Astragalus albens Cordylanthus parviflorus Calium angustifolium ssp. Mimulusjohnstonii
Astragalus allochrous var. playanus Cordylanthus tecopensis gracillimum Mimulus mohavensis
Astragalus bicristatus Coryphantha alversonii Calium californicum ssp. primum Mimulus purpureus
Astragalus cimae var. cimae Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea Calium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense Mirabilis coccinea
Astragalusjaegerianus Cryptantha clokeyi Calium jepsonii Monarda pectinata
Astragalus lentiginosus var. antonius Cryptantha costata Calium johnstonii Monardella cinerea
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Cryptantha holoptera Calium munzii Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii
borreganus Cryptantha tumulosa Calium wrightii Monardella pringlei
Astragalus lentiginosus var. sierrae Cymopterus deserticola Centiana fremontii Monardella robisonii
Astragalus leucolobus Cymopterus gilmanii Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola
Astragalus nutans Cynanchum utahense Cilia ripleyi Mortonia utahensis
Astragalus preussii var. preussii Oeinandra mohavensis Clossopetalon pungens Mucronea ca/ifornica
Astragalus tricarinatus Oeinandra paniculata Hedeoma nanum var. californicum Muhlenbergia appressa
Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. Ditaxis clariana He/ianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii Muhlenbergia arsenei
cochisensis Oodecahema leptoceras Heuchera abramsii Muhlenbergia californica
A triplex coulteri Dryopteris filix-mas Heuchera elegans Muhlenbergia fragilis
Atriplex parishii Oudleya abramsii ssp. affinis Heuchera parishii Muhlenbergia pauciflora
Ayenia compacta Oudleya multicaulis Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula Mui/la coronata
Berberis fremontii Echinocereus engelmannii var. Horkelia wilderae Munroa squarrosa
Berberis nevinii howei Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Botrychium crenulatum Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi Nama dichotomum var.
Bouteloua eriopoda nudicaulis Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea dichotomum
Bouteloua trifida Enneapogon desvauxii lvesia argyrocoma Navarretia peninsularis
Brodiaea filifolia Eriastrum densifolium ssp. lvesia jaegeri Navarretia prostrata
Calandrinia breweri sanctorum lvesia patellifera Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Ericameria nana Jug/ans ca/ifornica Ophioglossum californicum
Calochortus plummerae Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus juncus cooperi Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada
Calochortus striatus Erigeron parishii juncus duranii Opuntia curvospina
Camissonia arenaria Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis juncus nodosus Oreonana vestita
Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii Erigeron utahensis Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Oxytheca caryophylloides
Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Eriodictyon angustifolium Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Oxytheca parishii var. cienegensis
Canbya candida Eriogonum bifurcatum Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina Oxytheca parishii var.
Carex comosa Eriogonum contiguum Lewisia brachycalyx goodmaniana
Carex occidentalis Eriogonum ericifolium var. thornei Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis Oxytropis oreophila var. oreophila
Carnegiea gigantea Eriogonum foliosum Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Parnassia cirrata
Caste/a emoryi Eriogonum heermannii var. Lilium parryi Pediomelum castoreum
Castilleja cinerea floccosum Linanthus concinnus Pellaea truncata
Castilleja lasiorhyncha Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum Linanthus killipii Penstemon albomarginatus
Castilleja montigena Eriogonum kennedyi var. Linanthus maculatus Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus
Castilleja plagiotoma austromontanum Linanthus orcuttii Penstemon calcareus
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Eriogonum microthecum var. Lithospermum incisum Penstemon fruticiformis var.
Cercidium microphyllum johnstonii Lotus argyraeus var. multicaulis amargosae
Chamaesyce abramsiana Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum Lotus argyraeus var. notitius Penstemon stephensii
Chamaesyce parryi Eriogonum umbellatum var. Lupinus magnificus var. glarecola Penstemon thompsoniae
Chamaesyce platysperma juniporinum Lycium californicum Penstemon thurberi
Chamaesyce revoluta Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus Lycium parishii Penstemon utahensis
Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Erioneuron pilosum Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides Pentachaeta aurea
Chei/anthes wootonii Eriophyllum lanatum var. Machaeranthera gracilis Perideridia parishii ssp. parishii
Chorizanthe leptotheca obovatum Malacothamnus parishii Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi Eriophyllum mohavense Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. Phacelia anelsonii
Chorizanthe spinosa Euphorbia exstipulata var. brachypoda Phacelia coerulea
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca exstipulata Mate/ea parvifolia Phacelia exilis
 340 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D

Phacelia mohavensis Tetracoccus ha/Iii Bergerocactus emoryi Dichondra occidentalis

Phacelia mustelina Tetradymia arg)'raea Brodiaea filifolia Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Phacelia parishii Teucrium glandulosum Brodiaea orcuttii Downingia concolor var. brevior
Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri Thelypodium stenopetalum Bursera microphylla Dudleya a/ainae
Phlox dolichantha Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis Calandrinia breweri Dudleya attenuata ssp. orcuttii
Pholistoma auritum var. Tragia ramosa Calandrinia maritima Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
arizonicum Trichostema micranthum Cal/iandra eriophylla blochmaniae
Physalis lobata Tripterocalyx micranthus Calochortus catalinae Dudleya brevifolia
Physaria chambersii Viola aurea Calochortus dunnii Dudleya multicaulis
Pinus edulis Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea Camissonia lewisii Dudleya variegata
Piperia cooperi Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Carlowrightia arizonica Dudleya viscida
Piperia leptopetala Woodsia plummerae Caulanthus simulans Ericameria cuneata var.
Piptatherum micranthum Ceanothus cyaneus macrocephala
Plagiobothrys parishii • San Diego County Ceanothus otayensis Ericameria palmeri ssp. palmeri
Paa atropurpurea TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 2 3 7 Ceanothus verrucosus Eriogonum foliosum
LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 1 6; LIST 2 :
Podistera nevadensis 48; LIST 3: 8 ; LIST 4 : 6 5
Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Erodium macrophyllum
Poliomintha incana Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii
Abronia maritima
Polygala acanthoclada Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Eryngium pendletonensis
Abronia villosa var. aurita peirsonii
Polystichum kruckebergii Eucnide rupestris
Acanthomintha ilicifolia
Populus angustifolia Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Euphorbia misera
Achnatherum diegoense
Portulaca halimoides orcuttiana Ferocactus viridescens
Adolphia californica
Psorothamnus arborescens var. Chaenactis parishii Frankenia palmeri
Agave shawii
arborescens Chamaebatia australis Fremontodendron mexicanum
Ambrosia chenopodiifolia
Psorothamnus fremontii var. Chamaesyce arizonica Galium angustifolium ssp.
Ambrosia pumila
attenuatus Chamaesyce platysperma borregoense
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Chamaesyce revoluta
Puccinellia parishii Galium johnstonii
Aphanisma blitoides
Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina Chorizanthe leptotheca Geothallus tuberosus
Arabis hirshbergiae Chorizanthe orcuttiana Geraea viscida
Quercus turbine/la
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii Cilia caruifolia
crassifolia
Robinia neomexicana longispina Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Arctostaphylos otayensis Clarkia delicata
Rorippa gambelii Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii
Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp. Colubrina californica
Rupertia rigida Harpagonella palmeri
peninsularis
Salvia greatae Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp. Hazardia orcuttii
Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
Sanvitalia abertii diversifolia Herissantia crispa
Artemisia palmeri Convolvulus simulans
Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora Hesperevax caulescens
Asplenium vespertinum
Schoenus nigricans Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Heuchera brevistaminea
Astragalus crotalariae maritimus
Sclerocactus polyancistrus Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor
Astragalus deanei
Scleropogon brevifolius Cordylanthus orcuttianus Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus Coreopsis maritima
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Hordeum intercedens
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii
austromontana Corethrog)'ne filaginifolia var. Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Astragalus lentiginosus var. incana
Sedum niveum Horkelia truncata
borreganus
Selaginella asprella Corethrowne filaginifolia var. Horsfordia newberryi
Astragalus leucolobus
Selaginella leucobryoides linifolia Hu/sea californica
Astragalus magdalenae var.
Senecio bernardinus Cryptantha costata Hu/sea mexicana
peirsonii
Senecio ionophyllus Cryptantha ganderi Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha
Astragalus oocarpus Cryptantha holoptera Hymenothrix wrightii
Senna covesii
Astragalus pachypus var. jaegeri Cupressus forbesii
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii lpomopsis tenuifolia
Astragalus tener var. titi
Sidalcea neomexicana Cupressus stephensonii /socoma menziesii var. decumbens
A triplex coulteri Cynanchum utahense
Sidalcea pedata Iva hayesiana
Atriplex pacifica Deinandra conjugens Jug/ans californica
Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola
Atriplex parishii
Sphenopholis obtusata Deinandra floribunda juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Deinandra mohavensis
Streptanthus bernardinus juncus cooperi
Ayenia compacta
Streptanthus campestris Deinandra paniculata Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Azolla mexicana
Swertia albomarginata Delphinium hesperium ssp. Lathyrus splendens
Baccharis vanessae cuyamacae
Swertia neglecta Lepechinia cardiophylla
Berberis fremontii Delphinium parishii ssp.
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Lepechinia ganderi
Berberis nevinii subglobosum
Taraxacum californicum Lepidium flavum var. felipense
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 341

Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Pentachaeta aurea Arenaria paludicola Cirsium crassicaule
Lessingia glandulifera var. Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Convolvulus simulans
tomentosa Phacelia stellaris Astragalus tener var. tener Cordylanthus palmatus
Lewisia brachycalyx Pilostyles thurberi Carex comosa Cryptantha hooveri
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana Chorizanthe cuspidata var. Delphinium californicum ssp.
Lilium parryi Piperia cooperi cuspidata interius
Limnanthes gracilis ssp. parishii Piperia leptopetala Cirsium andrewsii Delphinium grpsophilum ssp.
Linanthus bellus Poa atropurpurea Cirsium occidentale var. grpsophilum
Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii Pogogrne abramsii compactum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Linanthus orcuttii Pogogrne nudiuscula Clarkia franciscana bahiiforme
Lotus crassifolius var. otayensis Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Collinsia corymbosa Erodium macrophyllum
Lotus haydonii Proboscidea althaeifolia Collinsia multicolor Eryngium racemosum
Lotus nuttallianus Quercus cedrosensis Equisetum palustre Gratia/a heterosepala
Lupinus excubitus var. medius Quercus dumosa Erysimum franciscanum Hesperevax caulescens
Lycium californicum Quercus engelmannii Fritillaria liliacea Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Lycium parishii Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri Ribes canthariforme Cilia millefoliata LathyrusJepson ii va r. Jepson ii
Machaeranthera asteroides var. Ribes viburnifolium Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lilaeopsis masonii
lagunensis Romneya coulteri Helianthella castanea Limosella subulata
Machaeranthera juncea Rorippa gambelii Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Linanthus ambiguus
Malacothrix incana Rosa minutifolia brevifolia Madia radiata
Malperia tenuis Ru bus glaucifolius var. ganderi Hesperolinon congestum Monardella candicans
Mate/ea parvifolia Rupertia rigida Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Mentzelia hirsutissima Salvia eremostachya Layia carnosa multiflorus
Mentzelia tridentata Salvia munzii Lessingia germanorum Sagittaria sanfordii
Microseris douglasii var. Satureja chandleri Lilium maritimum Scutellaria galericulata
platycarpha Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Linanthus grandiflorus Scutellaria lateriflora
Mimulus aridus austromontana Linanthus rosaceus Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Mimulus clevelandii Selaginella asprella Microseris paludosa Tropidocarpum capparideum
Mimulus diffusus Selaginella eremophila Monardella undulata Tuctoria greenei
Mirabilis tenuiloba Senecio aphanactis Piperia michaelii
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata Senecio ganderi Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. • San Luis Obispo County
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Senna covesii chorisianus TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 1 7 8
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 99; LIST 2 :
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii Sibaropsis hammittii Plagiobothrys diffesus 2; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 7 6
Monardella nana ssp. leptosiphon Spermolepis echinata Sanicula maritima
Mucronea californica Sphaerocarpus drewei Silene verecunda ssp. verecunda Abies bracteata
Mui/la clevelandii Stemodia durantifolia Stellaria littoralis Abronia maritima
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Streptanthus bernardinus Triphysaria floribunda Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Nama stenocarpum Streptanthus campestris Triquetrella californica cordata
Navarretia fossalis Stylocline citroleum Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Navarretia peninsularis Suaeda esteroa • San Joaquin County obovata
Navarretia prostrata Suaeda taxifolia TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 3 7 Agrostis hooveri
Nemacaulis denudata var. Tetracoccus dioicus LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST 1 B: 1 9; LIST 2 : Allium hickmanii
7 ; LIST 3: O ; LIST 4: 1 0 Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
denudata Thermopsis californica var. semota
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis Triquetrella californica Amsinckia grandiflora Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Nolina cismontana Viguiera laciniata Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Antirrhinum ovatum
Nolina interrata Viola aurea Aster lentus Arctostaphylos cruzensis
Ophioglossum californicum Xylorhiza orcuttii
Astragalus tener var. tener Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp.
Opuntia californica var. californica Atriplex cordulata hearstiorum
Opuntia wigginsii • San Francisco County Atriplex corona ta var. coronata Arctostaphylos hooveri
Opuntia wolfii TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 38 A triplexjoaquiniana Arctostaphylos luciana
Orcuttia californica
LIST 1A: 1; LIST 1 B : 27; LIST 2: Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. Arctostaphylos morroensis
2; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4: 7 plumosa Arctostaphylos obispoensis
Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
Arabis blepharophylla Carex comosa Arctostaphylos osoensis
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Castilleja campestris ssp. Arctostaphylos pechoensis
Penstemon clevelandii var.
fra nciscana succulenta Arctostaphylos pilosula
connatus
Penstemon thurberi Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Arctostaphylos rudis
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Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Cirsium rhothophilum Lasthenia lepta/ea Sanicula maritima

daciticola Clarkia speciosa ssp. immacu la ta Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Scrophularia atrata
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Convolvulus simulans macrantha Senecio aphanactis
subcordata Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Layia heterotricha Senecio blochmaniae
Arctostaphylos wellsii maritimus Layiajonesii Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. anomala
Arenaria paludicola Corethrogyne leucophylla Layia munzii Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii
Aristocapsa insignis Deinandra halliana Lepidium jaredii ssp. album Stylocline masonii
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Lepidiumjaredii ssp. jaredii Suaeda californica
Astragalus didymocarpus var. Delphinium californicum ssp. Leptodactylon californicum ssp. Suaeda taxifolia
milesianus interius tomentosum Systenotheca vortriedei
Astragalus macrodon Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Lessingia tenuis Trifolium depauperatum var.
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii gypsophilum Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum hydrophilum
Atriplex corona ta var. coronata Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Linanthus grandif/orus Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii
Atriplex vallicola parvif/orum Lomatium parvifolium Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata Delphinium parryi ssp. Lupinus cervinus
Baccharis plummerae ssp. blochmaniae Lupinus ludovicianus • San Mateo County
plummerae Delphinium recurvatum Lupinus nipomensis TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 73
LIST l A : O; LIST l B : 47; LIST 2:
Bloomeria humilis Delphinium umbraculorum Madia radiata
l; LIST 3 : 6; LIST 4 : 1 9
Calandrinia breweri Dithyrea maritima Malacothamnus davidsonii
Calochortus catalinae Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae Malacothamnus gracilis Acanthomintha duttonii
Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina Malacothamnusjonesii Allium peninsulare var.
Calochortus clavatus var. Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Malacothamnus niveus franciscanum
recurvifolius blochmaniae Malacothamnus palmeri var. Amsinckia lunaris
Calochortus obispoensis Eleocharis parvula involucratus Arabis blepharophy!la
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Eriastrum hooveri Malacothamnus palmeri var. Arctostaphylos andersonii
Calochortus simulans Eriastrum luteum palmeri Arctostaphylos imbricata
Calochortus weedii var. vestus Erigeron blochmaniae Malacothrix incana Arctostaphylos montaraensis
Calycadenia vi/losa Erigeron sanctarum Malacothrix phaeocarpa Arctostaphylos regismontana
Calystegia subacaulis ssp. Eriodictyon altissimum Microseris paludosa Astragalus nuttallii var. nutta!lii
episcopalis Eriogonum gossypinum Mimulus subsecundus Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
Camissonia hardhamiae Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Monardella antonina ssp. pycnostachyus
Eriogonum temblorense benitensis Calandrinia breweri
Carex obispoensis
Castilleja densif/ora ssp. Erodium macrophyllum Monardella crispa Calochortus umbellatus
obispoensis Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri Monardella frutescens Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Castilleja latifolia Erysimum capitatum ssp. Monardella palmeri cuspidata
Castilleja plagiotoma lompocense Monarde/la undulata Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta
Caulanthus californicus Erysimum insulare ssp. Monolopia congdonii Cirsium andrewsii
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii suffrutescens Mucronea californica Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale
Eschscholzia hypecoides Collinsia multicolor
Ceanothus cuneatus var. Navarretia fossalis
fascicularis Eschscholzia rhombipetala Navarretiajaredii Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus Fritillaria agrestis Navarretia nige!liformis ssp. palustris
Ceanothus hearstiorum Friti!laria ojaiensis radians Corethrogyne leucophylla
Ceanothus maritimus Friti!laria viridea Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Cupressus abramsiana
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Pedicularis dudleyi Cypripedium fasciculatum
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. Calium cliftonsmithii Pentachaeta fragilis Cypripedium montanum
minus Calium hardhamiae Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Dirca occidentalis
Chlorogalum purpureum var. Cilia latif/ora ssp. cuyamensis Perideridia pringlei Elymus californicus
reductum Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum Pinus radiata Equisetum palustre
Chorizanthe breweri Cilia tenuif/ora ssp. amplifaucalis Piperia leptopetala Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Crindelia hirsutula var. maritima Piperia michaelii Eriophyllum latilobum
Chorizanthe douglasii
Chorizanthe palmeri Hesperevax caulescens Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Erodium macrophyllum
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula hickmanii Erysimum ammophilum
Chorizanthe rectispina Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Plagiobothrys uncinatus Erysimum franciscanum
Fritillaria agrestis
Chorizanthe ventricosa Horke/iayadonii Prunus fasciculata var. punctata
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Ribes sericeum Friti!laria bif/ora var. ineziana
Cirsium loncholepis Lasthenia ferrisiae Rorippa gambelii Friti/laria liliacea
Cirsium occidentale var. compactum Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Sanicula hoffmannii Crindelia hirsutula var. maritima
 APPEN D IX I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 3 43

Helianthella castanea Arctostaphylos refugioensis Erysimum insulare ssp. Thermopsis californica var.
Hesperolinon congestum Arctostaphylos rudis suffrutescens argentata
Hordeum intercedens Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Fritillaria agrestis Thermopsis macrophylla
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea eastwoodiana Fritillaria ojaiensis
• Santa Clara County
Horkelia marinensis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Calium cliftonsmithii
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. subcordata Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 8 1
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 4 5 ; LIST Z :
macrantha Astragalus didymocarpus var. Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum Z; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4: 26
Legenere limosa milesianus Hordeum intercedens
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Lessingia arachnoidea Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Allium peninsulare var.
Lessingia germanorum Atriplex coulteri Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea
Lessingia hololeuca Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii franciscanum
Horkeliayadonii
Lilium maritimum Baccharis plummerae ssp. Allium sharsmithae
jug/ans californica
Limnanthes douglasii ssp. plummerae juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
sulphurea Calandrinia breweri Arctostaphylos andersonii
Lasthenia conjugens
Arctostaphylos regismontana
Linanthus acicularis Calandrinia maritima Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Astragalus tener var. tener
Linanthus ambiguus Calochortus catalinae Layia carnosa
Linanthus croceus Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Layia heterotricha A triplexjoaquiniana
Azolla mexicana
Linanthus grandiflorus Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Linanthus rosaceus Calochortus simulans Leptodactylon californicum ssp. Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Lupinus eximius Calochortus weedii var. vestus macrolepis
tomentosum
Malacothamnus arcuatus Calystegia co/Jina ssp. venusta Lessingia tenuis Calandrinia breweri
Microseris paludosa Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Calochortus umbellatus
Monardella undulata Camissonia kernensis ssp. Linanth us grandiflorus Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae
Monardella villosa ssp. globosa kernensis Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Campanula exigua
Pedicularis dudleyi Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. Madia radiata Campanula sharsmithiae
Pentachaeta bellidiflora barbarae Malacothamnus niveus Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Caulanthus californicus Malacothrix incana Ceanothus ferrisae
Pinus radiata Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Malacothrix phaeocarpa Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Piperia candida Ceanothus cuneatus var. Malacothrix saxatilis var. Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Piperia michaelii fascicularis arachnoidea cuspidata
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta
chorisianus Chorizanthe blakleyi Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
Micropus amphibolus
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Chorizanthe palmeri Monardella crispa Cirsium praeteriens
hickmanii Chorizanthe rectispina Monardella frutescens Clarkia breweri
Potentil/a hickmanii Cirsium loncholepis Monardella undulata Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa
Rosa pinetorum Cirsium rhothophilum Monolopia congdonii Collinsia multicolor
Sanicula hoffmannii Convolvulus simulans Mucronea californica Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Navarretia peninsularis palustris
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea maritimus Coreopsis hamiltonii
Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Si/ene verecunda ssp. verecunda Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Jittoralis Pentachaeta fragilis Cypripedium fasciculatum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Perideridia pringlei Delphinium californicum ssp.
hydrophilum Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa Piperia michaelii interius
Triphysaria floribunda Delphinium parryi ssp. Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Dirca occidentalis
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus blochmaniae Dudleya setchellii
Prunus fasciculata var. punctata
Delphinium umbraculorum Quercus dumosa Eriastrum brandegeae
• Santa Barbara County Dichondra occidentalis Quercus parvula var. parvula Eriastrum tracyi
TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 1 09 Dithyrea maritima Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii Eriogonum argillosum
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST 1 8 : 54; LIST Z : Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
4 ; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4 : 47
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Rorippa gambelii
blochmaniae Sanicula hoffmannii Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Abronia maritima bahiiforme
Eriastrum hooveri Scrophularia atrata
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Eriophyllum Jepsonii
Erigeron blochmaniae Senecio aphanactis
cordata Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
Erigeron sanctarum Senecio blochmaniae
Agrostis hooveri Erysimum franciscanum
Eriodictyon capitatum Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii
Allium howellii var. clokeyi
Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii Fritillaria falcata
Sidalcea neomexicana
Antirrhinum ovatum Fritillaria liliacea
Erodium macrophyllum Suaeda esteroa
Aphanisma blitoides
Erysimum capitatum ssp. Suaeda taxifolia Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Arctostaphylos purissima Hoita strobilina
lompocense Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis
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lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica Arenaria paludicola Sanicula hoffmannii Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus
Lasthenia conjugens Calandrinia breweri Sida/cea malachroides Eriogonum congdonii
LathyrusJepsonii var. Jepsonii Calochortus umbellatus Silene verecunda ssp. verecunda Eriogonum libertini
Lessingia hololeuca Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae Stebbinsoseris decipiens Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
Lessingia micradenia var. glabrata Campanula californica Trifolium buckwestiorum pyrolifolium
Linanthus ambiguus Carex comosa Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Erythronium klamathense
Linan thus grandiflorus Carex saliniformis Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Lomatium observatorium Castilleja latifolia • Shasta County Gratiola heterosepala
Malacothamnus arcuatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: T 2 3
Hackelia cusickii
LIST T A : O ; LIST T B : 3 4 ; LIST 2 :
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii 24; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 5 9
Harmonia stebbinsii
Malacothrix phaeocarpa Chorizanthe pungens var. Helianthus exilis
Ageratina shastensis
Meconella oregana hamvegiana Hierochloe odorata
Agrostis hendersonii
Micropus amphibolus Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Hu/sea nana
Allium hoffmanii
Microseris sylvatica Chorizanthe robusta var. hamvegii Hymenoxys lemmonii
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta !liamna bakeri
Amsinckia lunaris
Navarretia cotulifolia Collinsia multicolor lvesia longibracteata
Anisocarpus scabridus
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei CorethroJ!lne leucophylla juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Arctostaphylos klamathensis
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Cupressus abramsiana juncus leiospermus var. leiospermus
Arctostaphylos malloryi
Phacelia phacelioides Cypripedium fasciculatum Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Amica venosa
Piperia leptopetala Cypripedium montanum Legenere limosa
Asclepias solanoana
Piperia michaelii Elymus californicus Lewisia cantelovii
Asplenium septentrionale
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Astragalus inversus
hickmanii Erysimum ammophilum Lilium rubescens
Astragalus pauperculus
Plagiobothrys glaber Erysimum franciscanum Limnanthes floccosa ssp.
Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
Plagiobothrys myosotoides Erysimum teretifolium bellingeriana
Calochortus longebarbatus var.
Plagiobothrys uncinatus Fissidens pauperculus Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
longebarbatus
Potamogeton filiformis Fritillaria agrestis Linanthus latisectus
Calochortus syntrophus
Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lomatium tracyi
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp.
multiflorus Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Lupinus croceus var. pilosellus
buttensis
Ranunculus lobbii brevifolia Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Campanula scabrella
Sanicula saxatilis Hoita strobilina Mimulus glaucescens
Campanula shetleri
Senecio aphanactis Holocarpha macradenia Minuartia rosei
Cardamine bellidifolia var.
Sidalcea malachroides Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Muhlenbergia jonesii
pachyphylla
Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus Horkelia marinensis Navarretia heterandra
Carex buxbaumii
Streptanthus albidus ssp. Lilium rubescens Navarretia subuligera
Carex comosa
peramoenus Linanthus ambiguus Neviusia cliftonii
Carex inops ssp. inops
Streptanthus callistus Linanthus grandiflorus Orcuttia tenuis
Carex scoparia
Suaeda californica Lomatium parvifolium Paronychia ahartii
Carex vulpinoidea
Trifolium amoenum Malacothamnus arcuatus Penstemon filiformis
Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
Trifolium depauperatum var. Micropus amphibolus Penstemon heterodoxus var.
Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
hydrophilum Microseris paludosa shastensis
Collomia diversifolia
Tropidocarpum capparideum Mielichhoferia elongata Phacelia dalesiana
Collomia larsenii
Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus Phlox muscoides
• Santa Cruz County Cryptantha crinita
Monardella undulata Picea engelmannii
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 69 Cupressus bakeri
Pedicularis dudleyi Piperia colemanii
LIST T A : O; LIST T B : 40; LIST 2 : Cypripedium californicum
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei Piperia leptopetala
4 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 22 Cypripedium fasciculatum
Pentachaeta bellidiflora Pogol)'ne floribunda
Agrostis blasdalei Cypripedium montanum
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Polygonum bidwelliae
Amsinckia lunaris Oarlingtonia californica
Pinus radiata Polystichum kruckebergii
Anomobryum filiforme Draba aureola
Piperia candida Potamogeton praelongus
Arabis blepharophylla Draba howellii
Piperia michaelii Potamogeton zosteriformis
Arctostaphylos andersonii Drosera anglica
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Puccinellia howellii
Arctostaphylos glutinosa Eleocharis quadrangulata
chorisianus Rhynchospora capitellata
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
Epilobium oreganum
Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Ericameria ophitidis
hickmanii Sagittaria sanfordii
Arctostaphylos regismontana Erigeron elegantulus
Plagiobothrys diffusus Scirpus subterminalis
Arctostaphylos silvicola Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
Polygonum hickmanii Scutellaria galericulata
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 345

Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Eriogonum umbellatum var. Amica viscosa Erigeron cervinus
Sedum paradisum torreyanum Asarum marmoratum Erigeron elegantulus
Silene campanulata ssp. lvesia aperta var. aperta Astragalus inversus Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
campanulata lvesia aperta var. canina Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lanata Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus
Silene occidentalis ssp. lvesia sericoleuca Balsamorhiza sericea Eriogonum alpinum
longistipitata lvesia webberi Betula pumila var. glandulifera Eriogonum congdonii
Silene suksdorfii juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Botrychium pinnatum Eriogonum diclinum
Smelowskia ova/is var. congesta Lewisia cantelovii Botrychium virginianum Eriogonum hirtellum
Smilaxjamesii Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii Calochortus greenei Eriogonum libertini
Sparganium natans Lupinus dalesiae Calochortus longebarbatus var. Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa Lupinus nevadensis longebarbatus pyrolifolium
Stellaria longifolia Penstemon personatus Calochortus monanthus Eriogonum siskiyouense
Stellaria obtusa Polyctenium fremontii var. Calochortus persistens Eriogonum strictum var. greenei
Streptanthus drepanoides fremontii Campanula scabrella Eriogonum ternatum
Thelypodium brachycarpum Polygonum polygaloides ssp. Campanula shetleri Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii esotericum Campanula wilkinsiana bahiiforrne
Thermopsis californica var. Polystichum kruckebergii Cardamine bellidifolia var. Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
argentata Potamogeton filiformis pachyphylla glaberrirnum
Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Potamogeton praelongus Carex buxbaumii Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
Trichodon cylindricus Potamogeton robbinsii Carex geyeri hurnistratum
Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Pyrola chlorantha Carexgigas Erythronium citrinurn var. citrinum
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Pyrrocoma lucida Carex halliana Erythronium hendersonii
Trimorpha acris var. debilis Scheuchzeria palustris var. Carex inops ssp. inops Erythronium klarnathense
Triteleia crocea var. crocea americana Carex limosa Erythronium revoluturn
Triteleia crocea var. modesta Stellaria obtusa Carex vulpinoidea Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Tuctoria greenei Thelypodium milleflorum Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Galiurn oreganurn
Utricularia minor Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Galiurn serpenticum ssp. scotticurn
Veratrum insolitum Trifolium l')'mnocarpon var. Castilleja schizotricha Gentiana plurisetosa
Viburnum ellipticum plummerae Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina Geurn aleppicum
Trifolium lemmonii Chaenactis suffrutescens Gratia/a heterosepala
• Sierra County Utricularia minor Cirsium ciliolatum Hackelia cusickii
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 52 Vaccinium coccineum Claytonia palustris Helianthus exilis
LIST lA: 1; LIST 1 B: 1 5; LIST 2:
1 3; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 2 1
Veronica cusickii Claytonia umbellata Hierochloe odorata
Viola aurea Collomia larsenii Horkelia hendersonii
Arabis constancei
Viola tomentosa Collomia tracyi Hu/sea nana
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens Hyrnenoxys lernmonii
Astragalus agrestis • Siskiyou County Cupressus bakeri lliarnna bakeri
Astragalus lemmonii TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 223 Cupressus nootkatensis lliarnna latibracteata
Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae LIST l A : 1; LIST 1 B : 47; LIST 2 :
63; LIST 3 : 7; LIST 4: 1 05
Cypripedium californicum Iris tenax ssp. klarnathensis
Astragalus webberi
Cypripedium fasciculatum lvesia pickeringii
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Abies amabilis
Cypripedium montanum juncus dudleyi
Botrychium lunaria Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
Darlingtonia califi;rnica juncus regelii
Bulbostylis capillaris Alisma gramineum
Delphinium uliginosum Lathyrus delnorticus
Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp. Allium siskiyouense
Deschampsia atropurpurea Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
quadriperforata Amsinckia lunaris
Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Carex geyeri Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Dimeresia howellii Liliurn bolanderi
Carex vallicola Androsace filiformis
Draba aureola Liliurn pardalinurn ssp. vollrneri
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens Arabis aculeolata
Draba carnosula Liliurn pardalinurn ssp. wigginsii
Cryptantha glomeriflora Arabis koehleri var. stipitata
Draba howellii Liliurn rubescens
Cypripedium fasciculatum Arabis macdonaldiana
Draba pterosperma Liliurn washingtonianum ssp.
Cypripedium montanum Arabis modesta
Drosera anglica purpurascens
Darlingtonia californica Arabis oregana
Eleocharis parvula Lirnnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Drosera anglica Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima
Epilobium luteum Listera cordata
Epilobium howellii Arctostaphylos klamathensis
Epilobium oreganum Lornatium engelrnannii
Erigeron nevadincola Amica cernua
Epilobium rigidum Lornatiurn howellii
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Amica fulgens
Epilobium siskiyouense Lornatiurn martindalei
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens Amica spathulata
Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Lornatium peckianurn
346 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N T S BY C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Lomatium tracyi Potentilla newberryi Atriplex coronata var. coronata • Sonoma County
Lupinus croceus var. pilose/lus Pyrrocoma racemosa var. A triplex depressa TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 5 6
Lupinus lapidicola pinetorum A triplexjoaquiniana LIST T A : Z; LIST 1 B: 92; LIST Z :
Lupinus tracyi Raillardella pringlei Atriplex persistens 1 1 ; LIST 3 : 8; LIST 4: 43

Meesia triquetra Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
Meesia uliginosa Ribes marshallii macrolepis Agrostis blasdalei
Mertensia be/la Rorippa columbiae Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. Allium peninsulare var.
Mimulus evanescens Rubus nivalis plumosa franciscanum
Mimulus pygmaeus Salix bebbiana Calochortus pulchellus Alopecurus aequalis var.
Minuartia howellii Salix delnortensis Ceanothus purpureus sonomensis
Minuartia stolonifera Salvia dorrii var. incana Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii Amorpha californica var. napensis
Mirabilis greenei Saussurea americana Cirsium hydrophilum var. Amsinckia lunaris
Mite/la caulescens Saxifraga cespitosa hydrophilum Antirrhinum virga
Moneses uniflora Saxifraga howellii Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Arabis blepharophylla
Muhlenbergiajonesii Saxifraga rufidula Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri
Navarretia cotulifolia Scirpus pendulus Delphinium recurvatum Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. sublaevis
Ophioglossum pusillum Scutellaria galericulata Downingia pusilla Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
Opuntia fragilis Sedum divergens Erigeron biolettii sonomensis
Orcuttia tenuis Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Eriogonum truncatum Arctostaphylos densiflora
Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp. Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri Erodium macrophyllum Arctostaphylos hispidula
cuspidatus Sedum oblanceolatum Fritillaria liliacea Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Orthocarpus pachystachyus Selaginella densa var. scopulorum Fritillaria pluriflora elegans
Oryzopsis exigua Senecio hydrophiloides Gratia/a heterosepala Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida Senecio macounii Hesperevax caulescens decumbens
Pedicularis contorta Silene marmorensis Hesperolinon breweri Asclepias solanoana
Pedicularis howellii Silene suksdorfii Hibiscus lasiocarpus Astragalus breweri
Penstemon cinereus Smilaxjamesii /socoma arguta Astragalus clarianus
Penstemon cinicola Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa jug/ans hindsii Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii
Penstemon filiformis Tauschia howellii Lasthenia conjugens Astragalus tener var. tener
Penstemon heterodoxus var. Thelypodium brachycarpum Lasthenia ferrisiae Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
shastensis Thermopsis californica var. LathyrusJepsonii va r. Jepsonii macrolepis
Perideridia leptocarpa argentata Legenere limosa Blennosperma bakeri
Phacelia cookei Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Lepidium latipes var. heckardii Brodiaea californica var. leptandra
Phacelia dalesiana Thermopsis robusta Lessingia hololeuca Calamagrostis bolanderi
Phacelia greenei Tonestus !ya/Iii Lilaeopsis masonii Calamagrostis crassiglumis
Phacelia leonis Trifolium howellii Limosella subulata Calamagrostis ophitidis
Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Lomatium repostum Calandrinia breweri
Phlox hirsuta Trimorpha acris var. debilis Micropus amphibolus Calochortus raichei
Phlox muscoides Triteleia crocea var. crocea Microseris sylvatica Calyptridium quadripetalum
Picea engelmannii Triteleia crocea var. modesta Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Calystegia collina ssp. oxyphylla
Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Piperia candida Triteleia hendersonii var. Navarretia cotulifolia Campanula californica
Piperia colemanii hendersonii Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Cardamine pachystigma var.
Piperia leptopetala Vaccinium coccineum Neostapfia colusana dissectifolia
Pityopus californicus Vaccinium scoparium Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Carex albida
Platanthera stricta Vancouveria chrysantha Plagiobothrys hystriculus Carex buxbaumii
Poa piperi Veratrum insolitum Polygonum marinense Carex californica
Poa rhizomata Veronica copelandii Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Carex comosa
Pogogyne floribunda multiflorus Carex saliniformis
Pohlia tundrae • Solano County Ranunculus lobbii Castilleja uliginosa
Polemonium chartaceum TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 56 Ribes victoris Ceanothus confusus
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 32; LIST 2 :
Polyctenium fremontii var. Senecio aphanactis Ceanothus divergens
5 ; LIST 3 : 5 ; LIST 4 : 1 2
fremontii Trifolium amoenum Ceanothus foliosus var. vineatus
Aster lentus Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Polystichum kruckebergii Trifolium depauperatum var.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus
Polystichum lonchitis hydrophilum
Astragalus tener var. tener Triteleia lugens Ceanothus purpureus
Potamogeton robbinsii
Atriplex cordulata Tuctoria mucronata Ceanothus sonomensis
Potentilla cristae
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D 347

Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. Lessingia hololeuca Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Hesperevax caulescens
minus Lilium maritimum kruckebergii Hesperolinon serpentinum
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. Lilium parda/inum ssp. pitkinense Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. jepsonia heterandra
cuspidata Lilium rubescens morrisonii Lasthenia ferrisiae
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa Limnanthes vinculans Tracyina rostrata Legenere limosa
Chorizanthe valida Linanthus acicularis Trifolium amoenum Linanthus ambiguus
Cirsium andrewsii Linanthus grandiflorus Trifo/ium buckwestiorum Lomatium observatorium
Clarkia imbricata LinanthusJepsonii Trifolium depauperatum var. Lotus rubriflorus
Collinsia corymbosa Linanthus latisectus hydrophilum Malacothamnus ha/Iii
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Linanthus rosaceus Triteleia lugens Microseris sylvatica
palustris Lomatium repostum Veratrum fimbriatum Monardella candicans
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Lupinus eximius Viburnum ellipticum Monardella leucocephala
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus Lupinus sericatus Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris Lupinus tidestromii Neostapfia colusana
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita Micropus amphibolus • Stanislaus County Ophioglossum californicum
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 5 7
Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea Microseris paludosa Orcuttia inaequalis
LIST 1 A: 1; LIST 1 B: 32; LIST 2 :
Cypripedium californicum Monardella undulata Orcuttia pilosa
2; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2 1
Cypripedium montanum Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Phacelia phacelioides
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Delphinium bakeri Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Piperia michaelii
Allium sharsmithae
Delphinium luteum Navarretia cotulifolia Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Astragalus tener var. tener
Dichanthelium lanuginosum var. Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Atriplex cordulata
thermale Navarretia leucocephala ssp. multiflorus
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Tuctoria greenei
Dirca occidentalis plieantha
A triplex depressa
Downingia pusi/la Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
A triplex persistens • Sutter County
Eleocharis parvula Penstemon newberryi var.
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. plumosa TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA: 9
Elymus californicus sonomensis
Bolandra californica LIST T A : O; LIST 1 B: 4; LIST 2: 2;
Erigeron angustatus Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri UST 3: O; UST 4: 3
Calochortus umbellatus
Erigeron biolettii Piperia candida
Calycadenia hooveri Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae
Erigeron serpentinus Piperia leptopetala
Campanula exigua Hesperevax caulescens
Erigeron supp/ex Pityopus ca/ifornicus
Campanula sharsmithiae Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum Plagiobothrys mollis var. vestitus
Castilleja campestris ssp. Layia septentrionalis
Eriogonum nervulosum Pleuropogon hooverianus
succulenta Microseris sylvatica
Eriogonum ternatum Polygonum marinense
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa
£radium macrophyllum Potentilla hickmanii
Chamaesyce hooveri Navarretia cotulifolia
Eryngium constancei Ranunculus lobbii
Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Erysimum franciscanum Rhynchospora alba
Clarkia breweri Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Erythronium helenae Rhynchospora californica
Clarkia rostrata
Erythronium revolutum Rhynchospora capitellata • Tehama County
Collomia diversifolia
Fritillaria liliacea Rhynchospora globularis var. TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 05
Convolvulus simulans
Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis globularis UST 1 A : O; UST 1 B: 3 6; UST 2:
Coreopsis hamiltonii
Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa Ribes victoris 1 5; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4: 49
Cryptantha hooveri
Cilia millefoliata Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata Achnatherum lemmonii var.
Cryptantha mariposae
Harmonia nutans Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis pubescens
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp.
Helianthus exilis Sidalcea malachroides Agrostis hendersonii
g)lpsophilum
Hemizonia congesta ssp. Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Allium hoffmanii
Downingia pusilla
leucocephala Sidalcea oregano ssp. valida Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Stellaria littoralis Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
bahiiforme
brevifolia Streptanthus barbiger Anisocarpus scabridus
Eriophyllum jepsonii
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Antirrhinum subcordatum
£radium macrophyllum
Horkelia tenuiloba brachiatus Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
Eryngium racemosum
Lasthenia burkei Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. sonomensis
Eryngium spinosepalum
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri hoffmanii Asclepias solanoana
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Streptanthus glandulosus var. Asplenium septentrionale
Fritillaria agrestis
macrantha hoffmanii Astragalus clevelandii
Fritillaria falcata
Layia septentrionalis Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus Astragalus pauperculus
Cithopsis pulchella ssp.
Legenere limosa Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
Lessingia arachnoidea serpentinicola
hirtiflorus
 348 APPEN D IX I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D

Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Legenere limosa Amica venosa lvesia pickeringii
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Amica viscosa juncus dudleyi
macrolepis Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa Asclepias solanoana juncus regelii
Betula pumila var. glandulifera Linanthus latisectus Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
Botrychium ascendens Linanthus nuttallii ssp. howellii Atractylocarpus flagellaceus Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Botrychium crenulatum Linanthus rattanii Balsamorhiza sericea Lewisia stebbinsii
Botrychium minganense Lomatium tracyi Calyptridium quadripetalum Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri
Botrychium montanum Lotus rubriflorus Campanula scabrella Lilium rubescens
Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Lupinus antoninus Campanula wilkinsiana Lilium washingtonianum ssp.
Bruchia bolanderi Malacothamnus helleri Carex geyeri purpurascens
Bulbostylis capillaris Microseris sylvatica Carexgigas Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Calyptridium quadripetalum Mielichhoferia tehamensis Carex hystericina Linanthus latisectus
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp. Mimulus glaucescens Carex lepta/ea Lomatium engelmannii
buttensis Minuartia rosei Carex vulpinoidea Lomatium tracyi
Campanula wilkinsiana Mirabilis greenei Chaenactis suffrutescens Lotusyollabolliensis
Cardamine pachystigma var. Mite/la caulescens Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis Lupinus antoninus
dissectifolia Navarretia heterandra Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Lupinus constancei
Carex buxbaumii NavarretiaJepsonii Collomia tracyi Lupinus croceus var. pilosellus
Carex vulpinoidea Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Cypripedium califomicum Lupinus elmeri
Chamaesyce hooveri Navarretia subuligera Cypripedium fasciculatum Lupinus lapidicola
Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii Orcuttia pilosa Cypripedium montanum Lupinus tracyi
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. Orcuttia tenuis Oarlingtonia califomica Mielichhoferia elongata
minus Oreostemma elatum Deschampsia atropurpurea Minuartia decumbens
Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis Orobanche valida ssp. howellii Draba aureola Minuartia rosei
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Paronychia ahartii Draba carnosula Mantia howellii
Claytonia palustris Polygonum bidwelliae Oraba howellii Muhlenbergia jonesii
Collomia tracyi Rhynchospora capitellata Epilobium nivium Navarretia heterandra
Cryptantha crinita Rupertia ha/Iii Epilobium oreganum Oenothera wolfii
Cupressus bakeri Sagittaria sanfordii Epilobium septentrionale Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida
Cypripedium fasciculatum Scirpus heterochaetus Epilobium siskiyouense Pedicularis contorta
Cypripedium montanum Scirpus subterminalis Eriastrum tracyi Penstemon filiformis
Oowningia pusilla Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Ericameria ophitidis Penstemon tracyi
Eleocharis quadrangulata Silene campanulata ssp. Erigeron cervinus Phacelia dalesiana
Epilobium oreganum campanulata Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Phacelia leonis
Eriastrum brandegeae Silene occidentalis ssp. Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus Picea engelmannii
Eriastrum tracyi longistipitata Eriogonum alpinum Piperia candida
Ericameria ophitidis Stellaria obtusa Eriogonum congdonii Platanthera stricta
Erigeron elegantulus Streptanthus barbiger Eriogonum diclinum Paa rhizomata
Eriogonum libertini Streptanthus drepanoides Eriogonum libertini Polemonium chartaceum
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Tuctoria greenei Eriogonum siskiyouense Polystichum lonchitis
Eriogonum ternatum Utricularia minor Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Potentilla cristae
Eriogonum tripodum Eriogonum umbellatum var. Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
Erodium macrophyllum • Trinity County humistratum pinetorum
Fritillaria eastwoodiae TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 3 1 Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Raillardella pringlei
LIST T A : O; LIST 1 B : 3 5; LIST 2 :
Fritillaria pluriflora Erythronium citrinum var. Rhynchospora alba
1 4; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 7 9
Fritillaria purdyi roderickii Rhynchospora capitellata
Allium hoffmanii
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Fritillaria purdyi Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Allium siskiyouense
Gratia/a heterosepala Calium serpenticum ssp. scotticum Sanicula tracyi
Anisocarpus scabridus
Hackelia amethystina Centiana plurisetosa Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Arabis macdonaldiana
Harmonia stebbinsii Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Arabis modesta
Helianthus exilis Hackelia amethystina Sedum paradisum
Arabis oregana
Hesperevax caulescens Harmonia doris-nilesiae Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima
Hesperolinon tehamense Harmonia stebbinsii Silene campanulata ssp.
Arctostaphylos klamathensis
!liamna bakeri Helianthus exilis campanulata
Arctostaphylos malloryi
juncus leiospermus var. leiospermus Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Smilaxjamesii
Amica cemua
Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus Hu/sea nana Streptanthus drepanoides
Amica spathulata
Layia septentrionalis !liamna bakeri Swertia umpquaensis
 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 349

Tauschia glauca Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Mimulus laciniatus Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Thelypodium brachycarpum brevibracteatus Mimulus norrisii Allium tribracteatum
Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Cryptantha glomeriflora Mimulus pictus Allium tuolumnense
Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata Cryptantha incana Monardella beneolens Alliumyosemitense
Tonestus !ya/Iii Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis Monardella candicans Antennaria pulchella
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Delphinium hansenii ssp. Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga Arctostaphylos nissenana
Triteleia crocea var. crocea ewanianum Monolopia congdonii Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Triteleia crocea var. modesta Delphinium inopinum Mui/la coronata Bolandra californica
Veratrum insolitum Delphinium purpusii Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Botrychium lunaria
Veronica copelandii Delphinium recurvatum Myurella julacea Brodiaea pa/Iida
Wyethia longicaulis Dicentra nevadensis Navarretia setiloba Bruchia bolanderi
Draba cruciata Nemacladus twisselmannii Bulbostylis capillaris
• Tulare County Draba sharsmithii Nemophila parviflora var. quercifolia Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 1 43 Dudleya calcicola Orcuttia inaequalis Carex buxbaumii
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 70; LIST 2 :
Dudleya rymosa ssp. costafolia Oreonana purpurascens Carex congdonii
1 5; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4 : 54
Eriastrum hooveri Orthotrichum shevockii Carex davyi
Abronia alpina
Erigeron aequifolius Oxytheca caryophylloides Carex incurviformis var. danaensis
Angelica cal/ii Carex limosa
Erigeron inornatus var. keilii Perideridia pringlei
Antennaria pulchella Erigeron multiceps Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Carex praticola
Arabis bodiensis Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. Carex tahoensis
Arabis dispar Eriogonum nudum var. murinum acuminatum Carex tompkinsii
Arabis pygmaea Eriogonum polypodum Phacelia exilis Ceanothus fresnensis
Arabis repanda var. greenei Eriogonum twisselmannii Phacelia nashiana Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina
Asplenium septentrionale Eriogonum wrightii var. olanchense Phacelia novenmillensis Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum Phacelia orogenes C!arkia australis
kernensis Eryngium spinosepalum Phlox dispersa C!arkia biloba ssp. australis
Astragalus shevockii Erythronium pusaterii Piperia colemanii C!arkia rostrata
Astragalus subvestitus Fritillaria brandegei Piperia leptopetala C!arkia virgata
Atriplex cordulata Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii C!aytonia megarhiza
Atriplex depressa Fritillaria striata Pityopus californicus Cryptantha crymophila
Atriplex erecticaulis Cilia interior Plagiobothrys myosotoides Cryptantha glomeriflora
A triplexjoaquiniana Githopsis tenella Paa lettermanii Cryptantha mariposae
Atriplex minuscula Goodmania luteola Pohlia tundrae Cypripedium montanum
A triplex persistens Hackelia sharsmithii Pseudobahia peirsonii Didymodon norrisii
Atriplex subtilis Horkelia tularensis Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme Draba asterophora var.
Azolla mexicana Hu/sea brevifolia Ribes tularense asterophora
Botrychium crenulatum Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Selaginella asprella Draba praealta
Brodiaea insignis Iris munzii Sidalcea keckii Eriogonum microthecum var.
Bruchia bolanderi Silene aperta alpinum
lvesia campestris
Calochortus striatus Sphenopholis obtusata Eriogonum tripodum
jamesia americana var. rosea
Calochortus westonii jensiayosemitana Streptanthus farnsworthianus Eriophyllum nubigenum
Calystegia malacophylla var. berryi juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Streptanthus gracilis Eryngium pinnatisectum
Carex arcta Trichostema ovatum Eryngium spinosepalum
juncus nodosus
Carex buxbaumii Trifolium dedeckerae Erythronium taylorii
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Carex congdonii Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Triglochin palustris Erythronium tuolumnense
Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Lewisia disepala Tuctoria greenei Festuca minutiflora
Carlquistia muirii Utricularia intermedia Fritillaria agrestis
Linanthus oblanceolatus
Caulanthus californicus Linanthus serrulatus Utricularia minor Githopsis pulchella ssp.
Ceanothus fresnensis Lotus oblongifolius var. cupreus Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea serpentinicola
Ceanothus pinetorum Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii Wyethia elata Helianthemum suffrutescens
Chamaesyce hooveri Lupinus padre-crowleyi Hu/sea brevifolia
Cinna bolanderi Meesia triquetra • Tuolumne County Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana
C!arkia exilis TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 8 5
Meesia uliginosa jensia yosemitana
C!arkia springvillensis LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 3 1 ; LIST 2 :
Microseris sylvatica jepsonia heterandra
C!aytonia palustris 1 1 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 4 1
Mielichhoferia elongata juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Agrostis humilis Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Mimulus acutidens
kernensis Allium Jepsonii Lomatium congdonii
Mimulus grayi
350 APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Lomatium stebbinsii Calochortus weedii var. vestus Nolina cismontana Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Lupinus gracilentus Caulanthus californicus Orcuttia californica multif/orus
Lupinus spectabilis Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Orobanche valida ssp. valida Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Lycopus uniflorus Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Oxytheca caryophylloides Tuctoria mucronata
Microseris sylvatica Cercocarpus betuloides var. Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Mimulus filicaulis blancheae Pentachaeta fragilis • Yuba County
Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Pentachaeta lyonii TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 2 0
Mimulus gracilipes
LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B : 6 ; LIST 2 : 1 ;
Mimulus inconspicuus orcuttiana Perideridia pringlei
LIST 3 : 2 ; LIST 4 : 1 1
Mimulus laciniatus Chorizanthe blakleyi Phacelia exilis
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Mimulus pulchellus Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Piperia cooperi
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Minuartia obtusiloba Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Piperia michaelii
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Astragalus pauperculus
Monardella candicans maritimus
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa Deinandra minthornii Sagittaria sanfordii
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Ophioglossum californicum Delphinium l)'psophilum ssp. Senecio aphanactis
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Pentachaeta fragilis l)'psophilum Sidalcea neomexicana
Darlingtonia californica
Perideridia bacigalupii Delphinium inopinum Suaeda esteroa
Downingia pusilla
Piperia colemanii Delphinium parryi ssp. Suaeda taxifolia
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis
Piperia michaelii blochmaniae Swertia neglecta
Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Podistera nevadensis Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum Thermopsis californica var.
Juncus leiospermus var. ahartii
Polystichum kruckebergii Delphinium umbraculorum argentata
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Potamogeton robbinsii Dichondra occidentalis
• Yolo County Lupinus dalesiae
Senecio clevelandii var. Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
TOTAL N U M BE R OF TAXA: 3 5 Navarretia heterandra
heterophyllus blochmaniae
LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B : 1 6; LIST 2 : Perideridia bacigalupii
Senecio layneae Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis 2; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 1 6 Piperia michaelii
Sparganium natans Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens
Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Stellaria obtusa Dudleya parva
Asclepias solanoana Pyrrocoma lucida
Trichostema rubisepalum Dudleya verityi
Astragalus breweri Senecio layneae
Utricularia minor Eleocharis parvula
Astragalus clevelandii Vaccinium coccineum
Verbena californica Eriogonum crocatum
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
Veronica cusickii Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae
Eriophyllum jepsonii
• Ventura County Astragalus tener var. tener
Erodium macrophyllum
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 8 7 A triplex cordulata
Erysimum insulare ssp.
LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B: 3 9 ; LIST 2 : A triplex depressa
suffrutescens
3 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 44 A triplexjoaquiniana
Fritillaria agrestis
Abronia maritima Collomia diversifolia
Fritillaria ojaiensis
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Cordylanthus palmatus
Fritillaria pinetorum
cordata Cryptantha excavata
Calium cliftonsmithii
Allium howellii var. clokeyi Eriogonum nervulosum
Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Antirrhinum ovatum Erodium macrophyllum
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Aphanisma blitoides Fritillaria pluriflora
Hordeum intercedens
Asplenium vespertinum Fritillaria purdyi
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Astragalus brauntonii Harmonia ha/Iii
Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis
Astragalus didymocarpus var. Hesperevax caulescens
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
milesianus Hesperolinon drymarioides
Jug/ans californica
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
lanosissimus Jug/ans hindsii
Lasthenia ferrisiae
A triplex pacifica Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Layia septentrionalis
Layia heterotricha
Baccharis plummerae ssp. Lepidium latipes var. heckardii
Lepechinia fragrans
plummerae Lessingia hololeuca
Lessingia tenuis
Calandrinia breweri Lomatium hooveri
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Calandrinia maritima Malacothamnus he/Jeri
Lupinus elatus
Calochortus catalinae Microseris sylvatica
Malacothrix incana
Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Navarretia cotulifolia
Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Navarretia Jepsonii
Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga
Calochortus plummerae Neostapfia colusana
Mucronea californica
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 351

Islands Camissonia guadalupensis ssp. • San Miguel Island Lomatium insulare

clementina TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 6 Lycium californicum
Castilleja grisea LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 2; LIST 2 : Lycium verrucosum
• Anacapa Island O; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 1 3
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Malacothrix foliosa ssp.
TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 3 1
insularis Abronia maritima polycephala
LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 3; LIST 2 :
O ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 1 7 Convolvulus simulans Achnatherum diegoense Malacothrix incana
Crossosoma californicum Astragalus miguelensis Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Abronia maritima
Cryptantha traskiae Atriplex coulteri Phacelia cinerea
Achnatherum diegoense
Deinandra clementina Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Suaeda taxifolia
Aphanisma blitoides
Delphinium variegatum ssp. Castilleja mollis Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
Arabis hoffmannii
kinkiense Ceanothus megacarpus var.
Astragalus miguelensis • Santa Barbara Island
Delphinium variegatum ssp. insularis
A triplex coulteri TOTA L N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 8
thornei Dichondra occidentalis
Atriplex paciftca LIST l A: O; LIST 1 B : 8; LIST 2 : O;
Dendromecon harfordii var. Dithyrea maritima
Baccharis plummerae ssp. LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4 : 9
rhamnoides Dudleya candelabrum
plummerae Aphanisma blitoides
Dissanthelium californicum Dudleya greenei
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Artemisia nesiotica
Dudleya virens ssp. virens Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Calandrinia maritima Astragalus traskiae
Eriogonum giganteum var. Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare
Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Calandrinia maritima
formosum Eschscholzia ramosa
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Eriogonum grande var. grande Calium buxifolium
insularis amplissima
Eriophyllum nevinii Calium californicum ssp.
Deinandra clementina Deinandra clementina
Eschscholzia ramosa miguelense
Eriogonum grande var. grande Dudleya traskiae
Euphorbia misera Helianthemum greenei
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens Eriogonum giganteum var.
Calium catalinense ssp. acrispum Hordeum intercedens
Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare compactum
Calvezia speciosa Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
Cilia nevinii Eriophyllum nevinii
Cilia nevinii assurgentiflora
Hazardia detonsa Eschscholzia ramosa
Hazardia cana Lotus dendroideus var. veatchii
Heuchera maxima Calvezia speciosa
Hordeum intercedens Lycium californicum
Hordeum intercedens Cilia nevinii
lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Malacothrix incana
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. Hordeum intercedens
assurgentiflora )epsonia malvifolia Malacothrix indecora
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Lycium californicum
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra
Phacelia insularis var. insularis Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii
Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus Linanthus pygmaeus ssp. pygmaeus
Rhamnus pirifolia Platystemon californicus var.
Lycium californicum Lithophragma maximum
ciliatus
Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Lomatium insulare
• San Nicolas Island Suaeda taxifolia
Malacothrixjunakii Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 6 Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
Malacothrix squalida Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae
LIST l A : 2; LIST 1 B: 9; LIST 2 : O;
Mimulus flemingii Lupinus guadalupensis LIST 3: 1; LIST 4 : 1 4 • Santa Catalina Island
Quercus tomentella Lycium brevipes var. hassei TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 60
Abronia maritima
Suaeda taxifolia Lycium californicum LIST lA: 2; LIST 1 B: 26; LIST 2:
Achnatherum diegoense
Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. 3; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4 : 28
Aphanisma blitoides
aspleniifolius Abronia maritima
Artemisia nesiotica
• San Clemente Island Malacothamnus clementinus Aphanisma blitoides
Astragalus traskiae
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 6 1 Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa Arctostaphylos catalinae
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST 1 B : 34; LIST 2 :
A triplex paciftca
Malacothrix incana Atriplex coulteri
4; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2 1 Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Microseris douglasii var. platycarpha Atriplex paciftca
Abronia maritima amplissima
Mimulus flemingii Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Aphanisma blitoides Cryptantha traskiae
Muhlenbergia appressa Bergerocactus emoryi
Artemisia nesiotica Deinandra clementina
Nama stenocarpum Calandrinia maritima
Oithyrea maritima
Astragalus miguelensis Phacelia floribunda Calochortus catalinae
Oudleya virens ssp. insularis
Astragalus nevinii Quercus tomentella Ceanothus megacarpus var.
A triplex coulteri Eriogonum grande var. timorum
Rhamnus pirifolia insularis
Eschscholzia ramosa
Atriplex paciftca Scrophularia villosa Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
Bergerocactus emoryi Cilia nevinii
Sibara filifolia Cercocarpus betuloides var.
Hordeum intercedens
Brodiaea kinkiensis Stephanomeria blairii blancheae
jepsonia malvifolia
Calandrinia maritima Suaeda taxifolia Cercocarpus traskiae
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
Calystegia macrostegia ssp. Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri Convolvulus simulans
assurgentiflora
amplissima Triteleia clementina
 352 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Crossosoma californicum • Santa Cruz Island Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Ceanothus megacarpus var.
Deinandra clementina TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 67 Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum insularis
Dendromecon harfordii var. LIST 1A: 1 ; LIST 1 8: 23; LIST 2: Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Cercocarpus betuloides var.
2 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 4 0
rhamnoides Lotus argophyllus var. niveus blancheae
Dichondra occidentalis Abronia maritima Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus Chorizanthe wheeleri
Dissanthelium californicum Achnatherum diegoense Lycium californicum Dendromecon harfordii var.
Dithyrea maritima Aphanisma blitoides Lyonothamnus f/oribundus ssp. harfordii
Dudleya greenei Arabis hoffmannii aspleniifolius Dichondra occidentalis
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. insularis
Eriogonum giganteum var. insulicola nesioticus Dudleya candelabrum
giganteum Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Malacothrix incana Dudleya gnoma
Eriogonum grande var. grande subcordata Malacothrix indecora Dudleya greenei
Eriophyllum nevinii Arctostaphylos viridissima Malacothrix squalida Erigeron sanctarum
Eschscholzia ramosa Astragalus miguelensis Mimulus brandegei Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Euphorbia misera A triplex coulteri Mimulus f/emingii Erysimum ammophilum
Calium catalinense ssp. catalinense Atriplex pacifica Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare
Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Piperia michaelii Eschscholzia ramosa
Calvezia speciosa Baccharis plummerae ssp. Quercus pacifica Calium californicum ssp.
Cilia nevinii plummerae Quercus parvula var. parvula miguelense
Harpagonella palmeri Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Quercus tomentella Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare
Helianthemum greenei Calandrinia breweri Rhamnus pirifolia Cilia nevinii
Hordeum intercedens Calandrinia maritima Ribes thacherianum Cilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Calochortus catalinae Sanicula hoffmannii Hazardia detonsa
jepsonia malvifolia Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Senecio aphanactis Helianthemum greenei
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra Ceanothus megacarpus var. Sibara filifolia Heuchera maxima
Lepechinia fragrans insularis Solanum clokeyi Hordeum intercedens
Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Cercocarpus betuloides var. Suaeda taxifolia jepsonia malvifolia
Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus blancheae Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Lycium brevipes var. hassei Chorizanthe wheeleri Lavatera assurgentif/ora ssp.
Lycium californicum Convolvulus simulans • Santa Rosa Island assurgentiflora
Dendromecon harfordii var. TOTAL N U MB E R OF TAXA: 59 Lepechinia fragrans
Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp.
LIST l A: O; LIST 1 B: 2 5; LIST 2 :
floribundus harfordii Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
1 ; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 3 2
Microseris douglasii var. Dichondra occidentalis Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus
Dudleya candelabrum Achnatherum diegoense
platycarpha Lyonothamnus f/oribundus ssp.
Dudleya greenei Aphanisma blitoides
Mimulus traskiae aspleniifolius
Dudleya nesiotica Arabis hoffmannii
Nemacaulis denudata var. Malacothrix incana
Erigeron sanctarum Arctostaphylos confertif/ora
denudata Malacothrix indecora
Eriogonum grande var. grande Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Mimulus f/emingii
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens insulicola
Pentachaeta lyonii Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Erodium macrophyllum Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Piperia cooperi Phacelia insularis var. insularis
Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare subcordata
Quercus engelmannii Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis
Eschscholzia ramosa Astragalus miguelensis
Quercus pacifica Quercus pacifica
Calium buxifolium A triplex coulteri
Quercus tomentella Quercus tomentella
Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare A triplex pacifica Rhamnus pirifolia
Rhamnus pirifolia
Cilia nevinii Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Ribes viburnifolium Salvia brandegeei
Hazardia detonsa Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Scrophularia villosa Sanicula hoffmannii
Helianthemum greenei Calandrinia breweri
Senecio aphanactis Senecio aphanactis
Heuchera maxima Calandrinia maritima
Sibara filifolia Solanum clokeyi
Hordeum intercedens Calochortus catalinae
Solanum wallacei Suaeda taxifolia
Jepsonia malvifolia Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca
Suaeda taxifolia
Lepechinia fragrans Castilleja mollis
Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
 [
P l a n ts by Co m m o n N a m e
APPE N D I X IV

h e fo l lowi ng l ist i s ordered alphabetically by common name. As common names are not standardized fo r plants, we
encourage the use of the scientific name whenever possible. Th e 2 8 taxa ofnonvascular plants included i n the sixth
edition do not currently have assigned common names, and do not appear on this l ist.

Abbott's bush mal low - Ma/acothamnus American manna grass Glyceria grandis
- Ash M eadows daisy - Enceliopsis nudicaulis
abbottii American saw-wort - Saussurea americana var. corrugata
Abert's sanvitalia - Sanvitalia abertii American scheuchzeria - Scheuchzeria Ash M eadows gum plant - Grindelia fraxino­
Abrams's alu m root - Heuchera abramsii palustris var. americana pratensis
Abrams's l u pine - Lupinus albifrons var. amethyst stickseed - Hackelia amethystina Ash Valley m i l k-vetch - Astragalus anxius
abramsii Anderson's clover - Trifolium andersonii var. ash-gray I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja
Abrams's oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var. andersonii cinerea
abramsii angel tru m pets - Acleisanthes longiflora Ash land th istle Cirsium ciliolatum
-

Abrams's spurge - Chamaesyce abramsiana ann ual bristleweed Machaeranthera gracilis

- ashy phacelia Phacelia cinerea
-

adder's-mouth Ma/axis - antelope-horns - Asclepias asperula ssp. Aven Nelson's phacelia - Phacelia anelsonii
monophyllos ssp. brachypoda asperula awl-leaved navarretia - Navarretia subuligera
adobe san icle Sanicula maritima
- Anthony Peak lupine - Lupinus antoninus awned sedge - Carex atherodes
adobe yampah - Perideridia pringlei Antioch Dunes evening-primrose - Oenothera ayen ia - Ayenia compacta
adobe-lily Fritillaria pluriflora
- deltoides ssp. howellii Bacigalupi's yampah - Perideridia bacigalupii
Ah art's dwarf rush -juncus leiospermus var. aphanisma - Aphanisma blitoides Bailey's ivesia - lvesia baileyi var. baileyi
ahartii Applegate stonecrop - Sedum oblanceolatum Bailey's woolly buckwheat - Eriogonum
Ahart's paronychia - Paronychia ahartii appressed m u hly - Muhlenbergia appressa baileyi var. praebens
Alaska cedar - Cupressus nootkatensis Arburua Ranch jewel-flower - Streptanthus Baja California bird bush - Ornithostaphylos
Aleppo avens - Geum aleppicum insignis ssp. lyonii oppositifo/ia
Alexander's buckwheat - Eriogonum arctic meadow-rue - Thalictrum alpinum Baja Califo rnia i pomopsis - lpomopsis effusa
ochrocephalum var. alexanderae Arctic spoonwort - Cochlearia officinalis var. Baja navarretia - Navarretia peninsularis
Algodones Du nes s u n flower - Helianthus arctica Baker's cypress Cupressus bakeri
-

niveus ssp. tephrodes arctic starflower Trientalis arctica

- Baker's globe mallow !liamna bakeri
-

alkali cord grass - Spartina gracilis arcuate bush mal low Malacothamnus
- Baker's goldfields - Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
alkali hymenoxys Hymenoxys lemmonii
- arcuatus bakeri
alkali ivesia - lvesia ldnyji var. ldnyji Arizona carlowrightia - Carlowrightia Baker's larkspur - Delphinium bakeri
alkali mariposa l i ly - Calochortus striatus anzonica Baker's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos bakeri
alkali m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener var. tener Arizona pholistoma - Pholistoma auritum var. ssp. bakeri
alkali tansy-sage - Sphaeromeria potentilloides arizonicum Baker's meadowfoam - Limnanthes bakeri
var. nitrophila Arizona spurge - Chamaesyce arizonica Baker's navarretia - Navarretia leucocephala
alpine cinq uefo i l - Potentilla concinna aromatic canyon gooseberry - Ribes ssp. bakeri
alpine dusty maidens - Chaenactis douglasii menziesii var. ixoderme Bakersfield cactus Opuntia basilaris var.
-

var. alpina Arroyo de la Cruz manzan ita - Arctostaphylos treleasei

alpine jewel-flower - Streptanthus gracilis cruzensis Bakersfield smallscale Atriplex tularensis
-

alpine sandwort - Minuartia obtusiloba Arroyo de l a Cruz mariposa l i ly - Calochortus bald daisy - Erigeron calvus
alpine sulfu r-flowered buckwheat - clavatus var. recurvifolius Bald Mountain milk-vetch - Astragalus
Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus Arroyo Seco bush mallow Malacothamnus
- umbraticus
Amargosa n itrophila Nitrophila mohavensis
-
palmeri var. lucianus Baldwin Lake l i nanth us - Linanthus killipii
American glehnia - Glehnia littoralis ssp. ash beardtongue - Penstemon cinicola Ballona cinquefoi l - Potentilla multijuga
leiocarpa Ash Creek ivesia lvesia paniculata
- Banner dud leya - Dudleya alainae

353
3 54 APPEN D IX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

bare mon keyflower Mimulus nudatus

- Bishop manzan ita - Arctostaphylos obispoensis Brandegee's eriastrum - Eriastrum brandegeae
Barneby's beardtongue Penstemon barnebyi
- bitter gooseberry - Ribes amarum var. Bra.ndegee's sage - Salvia brandegeei
Barstow woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum hoffmannii Brand's phacelia - Phacelia stellaris
mohavense black crowberry Empetrum nigrum ssp.
- Braunton's m i l k-vetch Astragalus brauntonii
-

Barton Flats horkelia - Horkelia wilderae hermaphroditum Breed love's buckwheat - Eriogonum
bay buckwheat - Eriogonum umbellatum var. black grama Bouteloua eriopoda
- breedlovei var. breedlovei
bahiiforme black m i l k-vetch Astragalus funereus
- Brewer's calandrinia Calandrinia breweri
-

beach layia - Layia carnosa Black Rock potentil la Potentilla basaltica

- Brewer's clarkia - Clarkia breweri
beach spectaclepod - Dithyrea maritima black sedge - Schoenus nigricans Brewer's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus breweri
beach starwort - Stellaria littoralis black-flowered figwort Scrophularia atrata- Brewer's spineflower Chorizanthe breweri
-

beaked clarkia - Clarkia rostrata Blair's stephanomeria Stephanomeria blairii

- Brewer's western flax - Hesperolinon breweri
beaked tracyina Tracyina rostrata
- Blakley's spineflower Chorizanthe blakleyi
- bright green dudleya - Dudleya virens ssp.
Bear Valley pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma uniflora Blasdale's bent grass Agrostis blasdalei
- virens
var. gossypina Bloch man's d u d l eya Dudleya blochmaniae
- bristlecon e cryptantha - Cryptantha
bearded j ewel-flower Streptanthus barbiger
- ssp. blochmaniae roos1orum
bearded lupine Lupinus latifolius var.
- Blochman's leafy daisy - Erigeron blochmaniae bristlecone fir - Abies bracteata
barbatus Bloch man's ragwort - Senecio blochmaniae bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva
-

bearded popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys blue alpine phacelia - Phacelia sericea var. bristly li nanthus Linanthus acicularis
-

hystriculus ciliosa bristly scaleseed Spermolepis echinata

-

beautifu l bluebells Mertensia oblongifolia

- blue pendent-pod oxytrope Oxytropis - bristly sedge - Carex comosa
var. amoena deflexa var. sericea brittle prickly-pear Opuntia fragilis
-

beautiful cholla Opuntia pulchella

- blue skullcap - Scutellaria /ateriflora brittlescale - Atriplex depressa
beautifu l hu lsea Hu/sea vestita ssp.
- bluish spike-moss - Selaginella asprella broad-keeled m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
callicarpha blunt-fruited sweet-cicely - Osmorhiza platytropis
beautifu l pussy-toes - Antennaria pulchella depauperata broad-lobed li nanthus - Linanthus latisectus
beautifu l shootingstar - Dodecatheon Bodie H i l l s cusickiella - Cusickiella brown turbans Malperia tenuis
-

pulchellum quadricostata brownish beaked-rush - Rhynchospora

Beaver Dam breadroot - Pediomelum Bod ie H i l l s rock cress - Arabis bodiensis capitellata
castoreum bog club-moss Lycopodiella inundata
- brown-margin ed buckwheat - Eriogonum
Beegum onion - Allium hoffmanii Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop Gratia/a - ovalifolium var. eximium
bee-hive cactus - Sclerocactusjohnsonii heterosepala Burke's goldfields - Lasthenia burkei
Bel li nger's meadowfoam Limnanthes
- Bolander's beach pine - Pinus contorta ssp. bu rro grass - Scleropogon brevifolius
floccosa ssp. bellingeriana bolanderi Butte Cou nty calycadenia - Calycadenia
Ben Lomond buckwheat - Eriogonum nudum Bolander's clover - Trifolium bolanderi oppositifolia
var. decurrens Bolander's horkelia Horkelia bolanderi
- Butte Cou nty checkerbloom - Sidalcea
Ben Lomond spineflower - Chorizanthe Bolander's l i ly - Lilium bolanderi robusta
pungens var. hartwegiana Bolander's reed grass Calamagrostis - Butte Cou nty fritil lary - Fritillaria eastwoodiae
bensoniella - Bensoniella oregona bolanderi Butte County golden clover - Trifoliumjokerstii
bent-flowered fidd leneck - Amsinckia lunaris Bolander's woodreed - Cinna bolanderi Butte Cou nty m eadowfoam - Limnanthes
Berry's morni ng-glory - Calystegia Bon ny Doon manzanita - Arctostaphylos floccosa ssp. californica
malacophylla var. berryi silvicola Butte Cou nty m orni ng-glory - Calystegia
Bidwell's knotweed - Polygonum bidwelliae Booth's even ing-pri m rose - Camissonia atriplicifolia ssp. buttensis
Big Bear Valley m i l k-vetch Astragalus
- boothii ssp. boothii Butterworth's buckwheat Eriogonum -

lentiginosus var. sierrae Borrego bedstraw - Galium angustifolium ssp. butterworthianum

Big Bear Valley phlox - Phlox dolichantha borregoense Buxbau m's sedge - Carex buxbaumii
Big Bear Valley sandwort - Arenaria ursina Borrego m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus caespitose eve n ing-prim rose - Oenothera
Big Bear Valley woollypod Astragalus - var. borreganus caespitosa ssp. crinita
leucolobus Borrego Valley pepper-grass - Lepidium cal ico mon keyflower - Mimulus pictus
big tarplant - Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. flavum var. felipense Californ ia adder's-tongue Ophioglossum
-

plumosa bottle brush sedge Carex hystericina

- californicum
big-scale balsamroot - Balsamorhiza box bedstraw - Galium buxifolium California adolphia - Adolphia californica
macrolepis var. macrolepis branching beach aster Corethrogyne - California androsace - Androsace elongata
bird-foot checkerbloom Sidalcea pedata
- leucophylla ssp. acuta
Bisbee Peak rush-rose - Helianthemum Brandegee's clarkia - Clarkia biloba ssp. Cal ifornia beaked-rush - Rhynchospora
suffrutescens brandegeae californica
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N N A M E 355

California beardtongue - Penstemon Carqui nez golden bush - /socoma arguta cloak fern - Argyrochosma limitanea var.
californicus Carson Range rock cress - Arabis rigidissima limitanea
California bedstraw - Galium ca/ifornicum var. demota Clokey's cryptantha - Cryptantha clokeyi
ssp. primum Cascade alpine cam pion - Silene suksdorfii closed-th roated beardtongue - Penstemon
California bottle-brush grass - Elymus Cascade stonecrop - Sedum divergens personatus
californicus Castle Crags harebell - Campanula shetleri club-haired mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
California box-thorn - Lycium californicum Castle Crags ivesia - lvesia longibracteata clavatus var. clavatus
California dandelion - Taraxacum Catalina crossosoma - Crossosoma clustered lady's-sl ipper - Cypripedium
californicum californicum fasciculatum
California dissanthelium - Dissanthelium Catalina Island mountain-mahogany ­ clustered-flower cryptantha - Cryptantha
californicum Cercocarpus traskiae glomeriflora
Cal iforn ia ditaxis - Ditaxis serrata var. Catalina mari posa l i ly - Calochortus catalinae Coachella Valley m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
californica Cedar Crest popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys lentiginosus var. coachellae
California d raba - Draba californica glyptocarpus var. modestus coast checkerbloom - Sidalcea oregana ssp.
California globe mal low - !liamna Ced ros Island oak - Quercus cedrosensis eximia
latibracteata Center Basin rush - juncus hemiendytus var. coast fawn l i ly - Erythronium revolutum
California jewel-flower - Caulanthus abjectus coast lily - Lilium maritimum
californicus Cham bers's physaria - Physaria chambersii Coast Range lomatiu m - Lomatium martindalei
California lady's-sli pper - Cypripedium Chan nel Island tree poppy - Dendromecon coast rock cress - Arabis blepharophylla
californicum harfordii var. harfordii coast wallflower - Erysimum ammophilum
Cal ifornia marina - Marina orcuttii var. chaparral harebell - Campanula exigua coast woolly-heads - Nemacaulis denudata
orcuttii chaparral nolina - Nolina cismontana var. denudata
California m ock-pennyroyal - Hedeoma chaparral rein orchid - Piperia cooperi coast yel low li nanthus - Linanthus croceus
nanum var. californicum chaparral sand-verbena - Abronia villosa var. coastal bluff morni ng-glory - Calystegia
Califo rnia m u h ly - Muhlenbergia californica aurita purpurata ssp. saxicola
Califo rnia Orcutt grass - Orcuttia californica Charleston sandwort - Arenaria congesta var. coastal d u nes m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener
Californ ia pinefoot - Pityopus californicus charlestonensis var. titi
California pitcherplant - Darlingtonia Charlotte's phacelia - Phacelia nashiana coastal marsh milk-vetch - Astragalus
californica chickweed oxytheca - Oxytheca caryophylloides pycnostachyus var. pycnostachyus
California seablite - Suaeda californica Chinese Cam p brod iaea - Brodiaea pa/Iida Cobb Mountain lupine - Lupinus sericatus
California sedge - Carex californica Choris's popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys Coleman's rei n orchid - Piperia colemanii
California spineflower - Mucronea californica chorisianus var. chorisianus Colorado Desert larkspur - Delphinium
California vervain - Verbena californica Chorro Creek bog th istle - Cirsium fontinale parishii ssp. subglobosum
Cal istoga ceanoth us - Ceanothus divergens var. obispoense Col u m bia yel low cress - Rorippa columbiae
Cal istoga popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys Cienega Seca oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var. Colum bian watermeal - Wolffia brasiliensis
strictus cienegensis Colusa grass - Neostapfia colusana
Callahan's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus Cima milk-vetch - Astragalus cimae var. cimae Colusa layia - Layia septentrionalis
syntrophus Clara H u nt's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus clarianus Comanche Poi nt layia - Layia leucopappa
Cal l's angelica - Angelica cal/ii Clark Mou ntain agave - Agave utahensis var. common m oonwort - Botrychium lunaria
Camatta Canyon amole - Chlorogalum nevadensis com pact cobwebby th istle - Cirsium
purpureum var. reductum Clark Mountain buckwheat - Eriogonum occidentale var. compactum
Cam bria morni ng-glory - Calystegia heermannii var. floccosum Cone Peak bedstraw - Galium californicum
subacaulis ssp. episcopalis C lark Mou ntain spurge - Euphorbia ssp. luciense
candleholder dudleya - Dudleya candelabrum exstipulata var. exstipulata Conejo buckwheat - Eriogonum crocatum
Cantelow's lewisia - Lewisia cantelovii clay-loving buckwheat - Eriogonum argillosum Conejo dudleya - Dudleya parva
Canyon Creek stonecrop - Sedum paradisum Cleveland's bush mon keyflower - Mimulus Congdon's buckwheat - Eriogonum congdonii
caper-fru ited tropidocarpum - clevelandii Congdon's lewisia - Lewisia congdonii
Tropidocarpum capparideum Cleveland's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus clevelandii Congdon's lomati u m - Lomatium congdonii
caraway-leaved gilia - Cilia caruifolia Cleveland's ragwort - Senecio clevelandii var. Congdon's onion - Allium sanbornii var.
Carlotta Hal l's lace fern - Aspidotis carlotta­ clevelandii congdonii
halliae cliff brake - Pellaea truncata Congdon's sedge - Carex congdonii
Carmel Valley bush m allow - Malacothamnus cliff c i nqu efo i l - Potentilla rimicola Congdon's tarplant - Centromadia parryi ssp.
palmeri var. involucratus cl iff malacothrix - Malacothrix saxatilis var. congdonii
Carmel Val ley malacoth rix - Malacothrix saxatilis Congdon's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
saxatilis var. arachnoidea cliff spurge - Euphorbia misera congdonii
 356 A P P E N D IX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

Constance's rock cress - Arabis constancei curved-pod m i l k-vetch - Astragalus Death Valley sand paper-plant - Peta/onyx
Contra Costa goldfields - Lasthenia conjugens mohavensis var. hemigyrus thurberi ssp. gilmanii
Contra Costa manzanita - Arctostaphylos curved-spine beavertai l Opuntia curvospina
- deceivi ng sedge - Carex saliniformis
manzanita ssp. laevigata Cushen bury buckwheat - Eriogonum dec u m bent golden bush lsocoma menziesii
-

Contra Costa wallflower - Erysimum ovalifolium var. vineum var. decumbens

capitatum ssp. angustatum Cushen bury m i l k-vetch - Astragalus albens DeDecker's clover Trifolium dedeckerae
-

Cooke's phacelia - Phacelia cookei Cushen bury oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var. Deep Canyon snapdragon - Antirrhinum
Cook's triteleia - Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii goodmaniana cyathiferum
Cooper's rush -juncus cooperi cushion daisy - Erigeron compactus var. deep-scarred cryptantha - Cryptantha
Copeland's speedwell - Veronica copelandii compactus excavata
copper-flowered bird's-foot trefoi l - Lotus cushion townsendia Townsendia condensata
- Dehesa nolina Nolina interrata
-

oblongifolius var. cupreus Cusick's mon keyflower Mimulus cusickii - Del Mar manzanita - Arctostaphylos
copperwort - Iva acerosa Cusick's speedwell Veronica cusickii
- glandulosa ssp. crassifolia
Coso M ou ntains lupine - Lupinus magnificus Cusick's stickseed - Hackelia cusickii Del Mar M esa sand aster - Corethrogyne
var. glarecola cut-leaved mon keyflower - Mimulus laciniatus filaginifolia var. linifolia
cottony buckwheat Eriogonum gossypinum
- cut-leaved ragwort - Senecio eurycephalus var. Del Norte buckwheat Eriogonum nudum-

cotu la navarretia Navarretia cotulifolia

- lewisrosei var. paralinum
Cou lter's goldfields Lasthenia glabrata ssp.
- Cuyama gi lia - Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis Del Norte County i ris - Iris innominata
coulteri Cuyamaca cypress Cupressus stephensonii
- Del Norte manzanita - Arctostaphylos
Coulter's lyrepod - Lyrocarpa coulteri var. Cuyamaca Lake downingia Downingia - nortensis
palmeri concolor var. brevior Del Norte pea Lathyrus delnorticus
-

Cou lter's matilij a poppy - Romneya coulteri Cuyamaca larkspur Delphinium hesperium
- Del Norte pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma racemosa
Coulter's saltbush - Atriplex coulteri ssp. cuyamacae var. congesta
Coves's cassia - Senna covesii Cuyamaca raspberry Rubus glaucifolius var.
- Del Norte wi I low - Salix delnortensis
Covi l le's dwarf abronia - Abronia nana ssp. ganderi del icate bluecup Cithopsis tenel/a
-

covillei dacite manzanita - Arctostaphylos tomentosa delicate clarkia - Clarkia delicata

Coyote ceanoth us Ceanothus ferrisae
- ssp. daciticola delicate m u h ly - Muhlenbergia fragilis
Crampton's tuctoria or Solano grass - Dana's sedge Carex incurviformis var.
- Delta button-celery - Eryngium racemosum
Tuctoria mucronata danaensis delta m udwort - Limose//a subulata
cream-flowered bladderwort - Utricularia dark-eyed gi lia Cilia mi//efoliata
- Delta tule pea - Lathyrusjepsonii var. jepsonii
ochroleuca dark-mouthed triteleia - Triteleia lugens delta woolly-marbles Psilocarphus -

creamy blazing star - Mentzelia tridentata Darwin Mesa m i l k-vetch - Astragalus atratus brevissimus var. multiflorus
crested m i I k-vetch - Astragalus bicristatus var. mensanus depauperate m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
crested potentilla Potentil/a cristae
- Darwin rock cress - Arabis pulchra var. pauperculus
crisp monardella - Monardel/a crispa munciensis desert agerati na Ageratina herbacea
-

crown beard - Verbesina dissita Davidson's bush mal low - Malacothamnus desert beauty - Linanthus bellus
crowned m u i lla - Mui/la coronata davidsonii desert bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus eremicus ssp.
crown-of-thorns - Koeberlinia spinosa ssp. Davidson's saltscale - Atriplex serenana var. eremicus
tenuispina davidsonii desert cymopterus Cymopterus deserticola
-

crown scale Atriplex coronata var. coronata

-
Davidson's stonecrop - Sedum niveum desert green-gentian - Swertia albomarginata
crucifixion thorn Caste/a emoryi
-
Davy's sedge - Carex davyi desert popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys salsus
cruciform eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia
-
Davy's semaphore grass - Pleuropogon desert portulaca - Portulaca halimoides
c/aviformis ssp. cruciformis californicus var. davyi desert sage Salvia eremostachya
-

Crystal Spri ngs lessingia Lessingia

-
Dean's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus deanei desert sand-parsley Ammoselinum-

arachnoidea Death Valley beardtongue Penstemon - giganteum

Cuesta Pass checkerbloom Sidalcea -
fruticiformis var. amargosae desert spike-moss Selagine//a eremophila
-

hickmanii ssp. anomala Death Valley blue-eyed grass - Sisyrinchium desert tragia - Tragia ramosa
Cup Lake d raba - Draba asterophora var. funereum desert u n icorn-plant - Proboscidea althaeifolia
macrocarpa Death Valley mon keyflower - Mimulus desert winged rock-cress - Sibara deserti
curly herissantia - Herissantia crispa rupicola desert wing-fru it - Selinocarpus nevadensis
curly-leaved monardella - Monardel/a Death Valley rou nd-leaved phacelia - Diablo helianthella - Helianthe//a castanea
undulata Phacelia mustelina d iamond-petaled Californ i a poppy -
cu rrant-leaved desert mal low Sphaeralcea
-
Death Valley sage Salvia funerea
-
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
grossulariifolia ssp. grossulariifolia Death Valley sand mat Chamaesyce vallis­
-
d i morphic snapdragon - Antirrhinum
curved-beak lousewort - Pedicularis contorta mortae subcordatum
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N N A M E 357

d issected-leaved toothwort Cardamine - Encin itas baccharis - Baccharis vanessae footh i l l jepsonia -jepsonia heterandra
pachystigma var. dissectifolia Engelmann oak - Quercus engelmannii fo rget-me-not popcorn-flower -
Dog Valley ivesia - /vesia aperta var. canina Engelmann spruce - Picea engelrnannii Plagiobothrys rnyosotoides
Donner Pass buckwheat Eriogonurn - Engelman n's lomatium - Lornatiurn forked buckwheat - Eriogonum bifurcatum
umbellatum var. torreyanurn engelmannii forked fiddleneck Arnsinckia vernicosa var.
-

Dorr's Cabin jewel-flower - Streptanthus English Peak green briar - Smilaxjarnesii furcata
rnorrisonii ssp. hirtiflorus English sundew - Drosera anglica forked purple mat - Narna dichotornurn var.
doublet - Dimeresia howellii ephemeral mon keyflower - Mimulus dichotomum
Douglas's spineflower - Chorizanthe douglasii evanescens Fort Tejon woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
downy buckwheat - Eriogonum puberulum estuary seablite Suaeda esteroa
- lanaturn var. ha/Iii
d rymaria-like western flax - Hesperolinon Eureka D unes evening-prim rose - Oenothera fountain thistle Cirsium fontinale var.
-

drymarioides californica ssp. eurekensis fontinale

Du bakella Mou ntain buckwheat - Eureka Valley d u n e grass Swallenia
- four-angled spikerush - Eleocharis
Eriogonurn libertini alexandrae quadrangulata
d u bious pea - Lathyrus sulphureus var. evergreen everlasting - Antennaria fo u r-petaled pussypaws Calyptridiurn
-

argillaceus suffrutescens quadripetalum

Dudley's lousewort - Pedicularis dudleyi Ewan's cinguefoil - Potentilla glandulosa ssp. fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea
-

Dud ley's rush - juncus dudleyi ewanii foxtai I cactus Coryphantha aIversonii
-

d u n e broom - Chaetadelpha wheeleri Ewan's larkspur - Delphinium hansenii ssp. foxtai l thelypodi u m - Thelypodiurn
d u n e gi lia - Cilia capitata ssp. charnissonis ewanianum integrifolium ssp. complanatum
d u n e horsebrush - Tetradyrnia tetrarneres fairyduster - Calliandra eriophylla fragile pentachaeta Pentachaeta fragilis
-

d u n e larkspur Delphinium parryi ssp.

- falcate saltbush - Atriplex gardneri var. faleata fragrant friti llary - Fritillaria liliacea
blochrnaniae false buffalo-grass Munroa squarrosa
- fragrant pitcher sage - Lepechinia fragrans
d u nedelion - Malacothrix incana Farnsworth's jewel-flower - Streptanthus Franciscan manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
D u n n 's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus dunnii farnsworthianus hookeri ssp. franciscana
Duran's rush -juncus duranii Father Crowley's lupi ne - Lupinus padre­ Franciscan onion -
dusky-fruited malacothrix - Ma/acothrix crowleyi Alliurn peninsulare var. franciscanum
phaeocarpa Feather River stonecrop - Sedum Franciscan th istle - Cirsium andrewsii
dwarf alkali grass Puccinellia pumila
- albomarginatum Freed's jewel-flower - Streptanthus brachiatus
dwarf bulrush - Scirpus purnilus fel l-fields claytonia Claytonia rnegarhiza
- ssp. hoffmanii
dwarf calycadenia - Calycadenia villosa felt-leaved monardella - Monardella hypoleuca Fremont barberry - Berberis fremontii
dwarf downi ngia - Downingia pusilla ssp. lanata Fremont's com bleaf- Polycteniurn frernontii
dwarf golden bush - Ericameria nana Ferris's goldfields - Lasthenia ferrisiae var. fremontii
dwarf golden star - Bloomeria humilis Ferris's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener var. Fresno ceanothus - Ceanothus fresnensis
dwarf Indian-mallow - Abutilon parvulurn ferrisiae Fresno Cou nty bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus
dwarf lousewort Pedicularis centranthera
-
few-flowered m u h ly - Muhlenbergia pauciflora tenuis ssp. barbatus
dwarf soap root Chlorogalurn porneridianum
-
few-flowered navarretia - Navarretia fri nged false-hel lebore - Veratrum fimbriatum
var. minus leucocephala ssp. pauciflora fri nged grass-of-parnassus - Parnassia cirrata
Earl imart orache - Atriplex erecticaulis fibrous pondweed - Potamogeton foliosus var. frog's-bit buttercup - Ranunculus
Eastwood's buckwheat Eriogonurn
-
fibrillosus hydrocharoides
eastwoodianurn field ivesia - lvesia campestris frosted m i nt - Poliomintha incana
Eastwood's golden bush Ericameria -
Fish Slough m i l k-vetch - Astragalus fuzzy prickly phlox - Leptodactylon californicum
fasciculata lentiginosus var. piscinensis ssp. tomentosum
Eastwood's manzanita Arctostaphylos
-
Fish's m i l kwort - Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Gaird ner's yampah - Perideridia gairdneri ssp.
tomentosa ssp. eastwoodiana fl accid sedge Carex lepta/ea
- gairdneri
eel-grass pondweed - Potarnogeton flaming tru m pet - Collornia rawsoniana Gambel's water cress - Rorippa garnbelii
zosteriforrnis flat-leaved bladderwort - Utricularia Gander's cryptantha Cryptantha ganderi
-

Egg Lake mon keyflower Mirnulus pygrnaeus

- interrnedia Gander's pitcher sage Lepechinia ganderi
-

egg m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oophorus var. flat-seeded spurge - Charnaesyce platysperma Gander's ragwort - Senecio ganderi
oophorus flax-l i ke monardella - Monardella linoides ssp. Gaviota tarplant - Deinandra increscens ssp.
El Dorado bedstraw - Galium californicum oblonga villosa
ssp. sierrae fleshy sage Salvia dorrii var. incana
- Geyer's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
El Dorado County mule ears - Wyethia fleshy toothwort - Cardamine bellidifolia var. Geyer's sedge - Carex geyeri
reticulata pachyphylla Geysers d ichanthe l i u m - Dichanthelium
elephant tree - Bursera microphylla Follett's monardella - Monardella follettii lanuginosum var. thermale
 358 A P P E N D I X IV: P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N NAME
,
giant Spanish-need l e - Palafoxia arida var.
gigantea
G i l man's buckwheat - Eriogonum gilmanii
Gil man's cymopterus - Cymopterus gilmanii
Gil man's golden bush - Ericameria gilmanii
Greene's rock cress - Arabis repanda var.
greenei
Greene's tuctoria - Tuctoria greenei
green-flowered prince's p l u me - Stanleya
viridif/ora
var. heckardii
--
Heckard's pepper-grass - Lepidium latipes

Heckner's lewisia Lewisia cotyledon var.

heckneri
Heckner's stonecrop Sedum laxum ssp.
G i l man's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus gilmanii green-flowered wintergreen - Pyrola heckneri

-
gland u lar d itaxis - Ditaxis clariana chlorantha Heller's bush mal low - Malacothamnus helleri
glandu lar western flax - Hesperolinon Greenhorn fritillary - Fritillaria brandegei H enderson's bent grass - Agrostis hendersonii

-
adenophyllum grey-leaved violet - Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea H enderson's fawn l i ly - Erythronium
glaucous tauschia Tauschia glauca Guadalupe Island l u pine - Lupinus hendersonii

--
glory brush - Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus guadalupensis Henderson's horkelia - Horkelia hendersonii
golden carpet - Ci/mania luteola G u i rado's goldenrod - Solidago guiradonis H enderson's lomati u m Lomatium

-
golden draba - Draba aureola gypsu m-loving larkspur - Delphinium hendersonii
golden good mania Coodmania luteola l)'psophilum ssp. yypsophilum Henderson's triteleia - Triteleia hendersonii
golden violet - Viola aurea hair-leaved rush -juncus supiniformis var. hendersonii
golden-anthered clarkia Clarkia mildrediae hairless popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys glaber Hernandez bl uecu rls Trichostema
ssp. lutescens hairy erioneuron - Erioneuron pilosum rubisepalum

-
golden-rayed pentachaeta - Pentachaeta hairy eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia boothii H ickman's checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii
aurea ssp. intermedia ssp. hickmanii
hairy Orcutt grass - Orcuttia pilosa H ickman's cinquefoi l - Potentilla hickmanii

-
golden-spined cereus - Bergerocactus emoryi
Good d i ng's phacelia - Phacelia pulchella var. hairy stickleaf Mentzelia hirsutissima H ickman's onion - Allium hickmanii

-
gooddingii Hall's bush mal low - Malacothamnus ha/Iii Hickman's popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
Gowen cypress - Cupressus goveniana ssp. Hal l 's daisy - Erigeron aequifolius chorisianus var. hickmanii
goveniana Hal l's harmonia - Harmonia ha/Iii H idden Lake bluecurls Trichostema

-
gracefu l tarp/ant Holocarpha virgata ssp. Hall's meadow hawksbeard - Crepis austromontanum ssp. compactum

--
elongata runcinata ssp. ha/Iii H igh Sierra ph lox - Phlox dispersa

-
gray beardtongue - Penstemon cinereus h i l l buckwheat - Eriogonum collinum

-
Hall's monardella - Monardella macrantha
gray cryptantha - Cryptantha scoparia ssp. ha/Iii H i l l man's cleomella Cleomel/a hillmanii

-
gray monardella Monardella cinerea Hall's rupertia - Rupertia ha/Iii H i l l man's si lverscale - Atriplex argentea var.

--
gray wil low Salix bebbiana Hall's sedge Carex halliana hillmanii
Gray's lomatium - Lomatium grayi Hall's tarp/ant - Deinandra halliana H i l lsborough chocolate l i ly Fritillaria biflora

--
Gray's monkeyflower - Mimulus grayi Hall's tetracoccus - Tetracoccus ha/Iii var. ineziana
Great Basi n claytonia Claytonia umbellata Hall's wyeth ia - Wyethia elata h i l lside arn ica A rnica fulgens
Great Basin downi ngia - Downingia laeta Ham m itt's c lay-cress - Sibaropsis hammittii h i l lside wheat grass - Leymus salinus ssp.
G reat Basin nemophila Nemophila Hanau pah rock daisy Perityle villosa mojavensis

-- -
breviflora Hard ham's bedstraw Calium hardhamiae H irsh berg's rock cress - Arabis hirshbergiae
Great Basin onion - H ard ham's evening-primrose - Camissonia h ispid bird's-beak - Cordylanthus mollis ssp.

--
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens hardhamiae hispidus
great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis Hartweg's golden sunburst - Pseudobahia hoary d raba - Draba breweri var. cana
Greata's aster Aster greatae bahiifolia hoary gooseberry - Ribes roezlii var. amictum
green buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum H arwood's m i l k-vetch Astragalus insularis hoary navarretia - Navarretia eriocephala
var. glaberrimum var. harwoodii Hockett Meadows lupine - Lupinus lepidus
var. culbertsonii

-
green jewel-flower - Streptanthus breweri var. Hayfield tarp/ant Hemizonia congesta ssp.
hesperidis leucocephala Hoffman n's buckwheat - Eriogonum
green m onardella - Monardella viridis ssp. Hearst's ceanoth us - Ceanothus hearstiorum hoffmannii var. hoffmannii
viridis Hearst's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos hookeri Hoffman n's rock cress - Arabis hoffmannii
green sedge - Carex viridula var. viridula ssp. hearstiorum Hoffman n's san icle Sanicula hoffmannii
green spleenwort - Asplenium trichomanes­ heart-leaved pitcher sage - Lepechinia Hoffman n 's slender-flowered gilia - Cilia

-
ramosum cardiophylla tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
Greene's buckwheat - Eriogonum strictum var. heart-leaved thorn-mint - Acanthomintha hogwallow starfish - Hesperevax caulescens

-
greenei obovata ssp. cordata holly fern - Polystichum lonchitis
Greene's dudleya Dudleya greenei heart-leaved twayblade - Listera cordata holly-leaved ceanothus - Ceanothus purpureus
Greene's four o'clock - Mirabilis greenei heartscale - Atriplex cordulata hol ly-leaved tetracoccus - Tetracoccus
Greene's mariposa l i ly - Calochortus greenei H eckard's I n d ian paintbrush Castilleja ilicifolius
Greene's rabbitbrush - Chrysothamnus greenei montigena Hol mgren's lupine - Lupinus holmgrenanus
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N NAME 359

Holmgren's sku llcap Scutellaria

- H u m boldt m i l k-vetch - Astragalus agnicidus island green d u d leya - Dudleya virens ssp.
holmgreniorum H utch i nson's larkspur - Delphinium insularis
hooked popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys hutchinsoniae island hazardia Hazardia detonsa
-

uncinatus H utchison's lewisia Lewisia kelloggii ssp.

- island j epson ia -jepsonia ma/vifolia
H ooker's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos hookeri hutchisonii island malacothrix Malacothrix squalida
-

ssp. hookeri l d ria buckwheat - Eriogonum vestitum island mal low - Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
Hoover's bent grass - Agrostis hooveri I ndian Knob m ou ntai nbalm - Eriodictyon assurgentiflora
Hoover's button-celery - Eryngium aristulatum altissimum island manzanita - Arctostaphylos tomentosa
var. hooveri I n d i an Valley brodiaea - Brodiaea coronaria ssp. insulicola
H oover's calycadenia - Ca/ycadenia hooveri ssp. rosea island morning-glory - Ca/ystegia macrostegia
Hoover's cryptantha - Cryptantha hooveri I nd ian Valley bush mallow - Malacothamnus ssp. amplissima
Hoover's eriastrum Eriastrum hooveri
- aboriginum island mountain-mahogany - Cercocarpus
Hoover's lomati u m - Lomatium hooveri I n dian Valley spineflower - Aristocapsa betuloides var. blancheae
Hoover's manzanita - Arctostaphylos hooveri insignis island n ightshade - Solanum clokeyi
Hoover's spurge - Chamaesyce hooveri I n d ian-pipe Monotropa uniflora
- island oak - Quercus tomentella
horned butterwort - Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. inflated m i l k-vetch - Astragalus cimae var. island poppy - Eschscholzia ramosa
macroceras suff/atus island red berry - Rhamnus pirifolia
Hospital Canyon larkspur - Delphinium in land gi lia - Cilia interior island rush-rose - Helianthemum greenei
californicum ssp. interius i nterior bush l u p i n e Lupinus excubitus var.
- island sagebrush Artemisia nesiotica
-

hot rock daisy - Erigeron inornatus var. Johnstonii island scrub oak - Quercus pacifica
calidipetris i nterior manzanita - Arctostaphylos parryana island snapdragon - Galvezia speciosa
hot spri ngs fi m bristylis Fimbristylis thermalis
-
ssp. tumescens island tarplant Oeinandra clementina
-

H owel l's alkali grass - Puccinellia howellii i ntermediate mari posa l i ly - Calochortus island tree poppy Dendromecon harfordii
-

Howell's broom rape Orobanche valida ssp.

-
weedii var. intermedius var. rhamnoides
howellii i ntermontane l u p i n e - Lupinus pusillus var. island wallflower Erysimum insulare ssp.
-

Howe l l 's clover - Trifolium howellii intermontanus insulare

H owel l 's d raba Draba howellii
-
i ntermou ntain m i l kwort - Po/ygala ivory-spined agave - Agave utahensis var.
H owel l's fawn lily - Erythronium howellii intermontana eborispina
Howell's horkel i a Horkelia sericata
-
I nyo beardtongue - Penstemon papillatus jackass-clover - Wislizenia refracta ssp.
Howell's jewel-flower - Streptanthus howellii I nyo Cou nty star-tu lip - Calochortus excavatus refracta
Howell's lewisia - Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii I nyo hulsea Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis
- Jacu m ba m i l k-vetch - Astragalus douglasii var.
Howe l l 's lomatiu m - Lomatium howellii I nyo lomati u m - Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. perstrictus
Howe l l 's lousewort - Pedicularis howellii 1nyoense Jaeger's caulostramina - Caulostramina
H owel l 's manzanita - Arctostaphy/os hispidula I nyo m i l k-vetch Astragalus inyoensis
- jaegeri
Howell's montia - Mantia howellii I nyo Mou ntai ns buckwheat - Eriogonum Jaeger's ivesia lvesia jaegeri
-

Howell's sandwort Minuartia howellii

-
microthecum var. lapidicola Jaeger's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus pachypus var.
Howel l's saxifrage - Saxifraga howellii I nyo onion - Allium atrorubens var. cristatum jaegeri
Howe l l 's spineflower - Chorizanthe howellii I nyo phacelia - Phacelia inyoensis J aeger's phacelia - Phacelia perityloides var.
Howe l l 's tauschia - Tauschia howellii I nyo rock d aisy - Perityle inyoensis jaegeri
Howe l l 's thelypo d i u m Thelypodium howellii
-
lone buckwheat - Eriogonum apricum var. Janish's beardtongue Penstemonjanishiae
-

ssp. howellii apricum Jared 's pepper-grass - Lepidium jaredii ssp.

Howell's triteleia - Triteleia grandiflora ssp. lone manzanita - Arctostaphylos myrtifolia jaredii
howellii I rish H i l l buckwheat - Eriogonum apricum var. Jaynes Canyon buckwheat - Eriogonum
Howe's hedgehog cactus - Echinocereus prostratum diclinum
engelmannii var. howei island a l u m root - Heuchera maxima J epson's bedstraw - Galiumjepsonii
H u m boldt Bay owl's-clover - Castilleja island barberry - Berberis pinnata ssp. Jepson's l i nanthus - Linanthusjepsonii
ambigua ssp. humboldtiensis insularis J epson 's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rattanii var.
H u m boldt Bay wallflower - Erysimum island broom - Lotus dendroideus var. jepsonianus
menziesii ssp. eurekense dendroideus J epson's navarretia Navarretia jepsonii
-

H u m boldt County fuchsia - Epilobium island buckwheat - Eriogonum grande var. J epson's on ion - Allium jepsonii
septentrionale grande J epson's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
H u m boldt County wyeth ia - Wyethia island bush mon keyflower - Mimulus Jepsonii
longicaulis flemingii Johnston 's bedstraw - Galium johnstonii
H u m boldt l ily - Lilium humboldtii ssp. island ceanoth us - Ceanothus megacarpus var. Joh nsto n 's buckwheat Eriogonum -

humboldtii insularis microthecum var. Johnstonii

360 A P P E N D I X IV: P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E

J o h n ston's mon keyflower - Mimulus Kings River buckwheat - Eriogonum nudum large-seeded goosefoot - Chenopodium
johnstonii var. reg1nvum simplex
Johnston's rock cress - Arabis johnstonii Kings River mon keyflower Mimulus- Las Ani mas col u brina - Colubrina californica
joi nted buckwheat - Eriogonum intrafractum acutidens Lassen Peak smelowskia - Smelowskia ova/is
Jolon c larkia - Clarkiajolonensis Ki ngston Mou ntai ns bedstraw - Galium var. congesta
Jones's bush mal low - Malacothamnusjonesii hilendiae ssp. kingstonense late-flowered mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
J ones's layia - Layia jonesii Kingston Mountai ns ivesia - lvesia patellifera weedii var. vestus
J ones's mu h ly - Muhlenbergiajonesii kitten-tails - Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica Lavi n's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oophorus var.
J oseph ine horkel i a - Horkelia congesta ssp. Klamath arn ica - Amica spathulata lavinii
nemorosa Klamath daisy - Erigeron petrophilus var. Layne's ragwort - Senecio layneae
J u ly gold - Oedeckera eurekensis viscidulus leafy buckwheat - Eriogonum foliosum
J u nak's malcothrix - Malacothrixjunakii Klamath fawn l i ly - Erythronium klamathense leafy malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa ssp.
j u n i per buckwheat - Klamath gentian - Gentiana plurisetosa foliosa
Eriogonum umbellatum var. juniporinum Klamath manzanita - Arctostaphylos leafy reed grass - Calamagrostis foliosa
Kaweah brodiaea - Brodiaea insignis klamathensis leafy tarplant - Deinandra increscens ssp.
Kaweah fawn l i ly - Erythronium pusaterii Klamath Mou ntain buckwheat Eriogonum- foliosa
Kaweah mon keyflower Mimulus norrisii
-
hirtellum leafy-stem med m itrewort - Mite/la caulescens
Keck's checkerbloom - Sidalcea keckii Kneeland Prairie pen nycress - Thlaspi legenere - Legenere limosa
Kei l 's daisy - Erigeron inornatus var. keilii californicum Lem mon's clover - Trifolium lemmonii
Kellogg's buckwheat - Eriogonum kellog_gii knotted rush juncus nodosus
- Lem mon's jewel flower - Caulanthus coulteri
Kel logg's horkelia - Horkelia cuneata ssp. Koehler's sti pitate rock cress - Arabis var. lemmonii
sencea koehleri var. stipitata Lemmon's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lemmonii
Kellogg's lily - Lilium kellog_gii Konocti manzan ita - Arctostaphylos Lem mon's syntrichopappus -
Kellogg's sand-verbena Tripterocalyx crux­
-
manzanita ssp. elegans Syntrichopappus lemmonii
maltae Kruckeberg's jewel-fl ower - Streptanthus lemon l ily - Lilium parryi
Kelso Creek mon keyflower - Mimulus shevockii morrisonii ssp. kruckebergii lemon-colored fawn l i ly - Erythronium
Kenwood Marsh checkerbloom - Sidalcea Kruckeberg's sword fern Polystichum
- citrinum var. citrinum
oregana ssp. valida kruckebergii lens-pod m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiformis
Kern buckwheat - Eriogonum kennedyi var. Kusch e's sandwort Arenaria macradenia
- lesser bladderwort - Utricularia minor
pinicola var. kuschei lesser saltscale - Atriplex minuscula
Kern Canyon clarkia - Clarkia xantiana ssp. La Graciosa th istle Cirsium loncholepis
-
Letterman's blue grass - Paa lettermanii
parviflora La Purisima manzanita - Arctostaphylos Lewis's clarkia - Clarkia lewisii
Kern ceanothus - Ceanothus pinetorum purissima Lewis's eveni ng-primrose - Camissonia lewisii
Kern Cou nty eveni ng-pri mrose - Camissonia Lagu na Beach d u d leya - Dudleya stolonifera Liddon's sedge - Carex petasata
kernensis ssp. kernensis Lagu n a Mountai ns alum root - Heuchera Li l l i put l u p i n e - Lupinus uncialis
Kern Cou nty larkspur - Delphinium purpusii brevistaminea l i m estone beardtongue - Penstemon calcareus
Kern Cou nty m i l k-vetch - Astragalus Laguna Mou ntai ns golden bush - Ericameria l i m estone daisy - Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
subvestitus cuneata var. macrocephala l i m estone d u d leya - Dudleya calcicola
Kern mal low - Eremalche kernensis Laguna Mou ntains jewel-flower - l ittle cutleaf- Hymenopappus filifolius var.
Kern Plateau bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus Streptanthus bernardinus nanus
eremicus ssp. kernensis Lake Cou nty stonecrop - Sedella leiocarpa l ittle hu lsea - Hu/sea nana
Kern Plateau horkelia - Horkelia tularensis Lake Cou nty western flax - Hesperolinon l ittle mousetail - Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Kern Plateau m i l k-vetch - Astragalus didymocarpum I ittle rice grass - Oryzopsis exigua
lentiginosus var. kernensis Lakeside ceanoth us - Ceanothus cyaneus Little San Bernard i n o Mtns. l i nanthus -
Kern River daisy - Erigeron multiceps Lancaster m i l k-vetch - Astragalus preussii var. Linanthus maculatus
Kern River eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia laxiflorus Little Sur manzanita - Arctostaphylos
integrifolia lance-leaved scurf-pea - Psoralidium edmundsii
Kernvi lle poppy - Eschscholzia procera lanceolatum l ittle-leaved h uckleberry - Vaccinium
Kettle Dome buckwheat - Eriogonum Lane Mou ntain m i l k-vetch - Astragalus scoparium
prattenianum var. avium jaegerianus l ittle-leaved palo verde - Cercidium
King's angelica - Angelica kingii Langsdorf's violet - Viola langsdorfii microphyllum
King's eyelash grass - Blepharidachne kingii large-flowered fiddleneck - Amsinckia Livermore tarplant Deinandra bacigalupi
-

Kings gold - Twisselmannia californica grandiflora l ivid sedge - Carex livida

Ki ngs Mou ntain manzan ita - Arctostaphylos large-flowered l i nanthus - Linanthus Lobb's aquatic buttercup - Ranunculus lobbii
regismontana grandiflorus lobed ground-cherry - Physalis lobata
 APPENDIX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E 361

Loch Lomond button-celery - Eryngium M ari n checker l i ly - Fritillaria lanceolata var. Mendocino gentian - Gentiana setigera
constancei tristulis Mendocino tarplant - Hemizonia congesta
Loma Prieta hoita - Hoita strobilina Marin checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. ssp. calyculata
Lompoc ceanothus - Ceanothus cuneatus var. viridis Menzies's wallflower - Erysimum menziesii
fascicularis Marin County navarretia - Navarretia ssp. menziesii
Lompoc yerba santa - Eriodictyon capitatum rosulata Merced clarkia - Clarkia lingulata
long bluebells - Mertensia longiflora Marin knotweed Polygonum marinense
- Merced monardella Monardella leucocephala
-

Long Valley m i l k-vetch Astragalusjohannis­

- Marin manzanita - Arctostaphylos virgata Merced phacelia - Phacelia ciliata var. opaca
howellii Marin western flax - Hesperolinon congestum mesa horkelia - Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
l ong-haired star-tu lip - Calochortus Mariposa clarkia - Clarkia biloba ssp. mesq uite neststraw - Stylocline sonorensis
longebarbatus var. longebarbatus australis Metcalf Canyon jewel-flower - Streptanthus
long-leaved starwort - Stellaria longifolia Mariposa cryptantha - Cryptantha mariposae albidus ssp. albidus
long-petaled lewisia - Lewisia longipetala M ariposa d aisy - Erigeron mariposanus Mexican flannelbush - Fremontodendron
long-spined spi neflower - Chorizanthe Mariposa l u pi n e - Lupinus citrinus var. mexicanum
polygonoides var. longispina deflexus Mexican h u lsea - Hu/sea mexicana
long-stiped cam pion - Silene occidentalis ssp. Mariposa p ussypaws - Calyptridium Mexican m osq u ito fern - Azolla mexicana
longistipitata pulchellum M ichael's rein orchid - Piperia michaelii
long-stoloned sedge - Carex inops ssp. inops maritim e ceanoth us - Ceanothus maritimus Mildred's clarkia - Clarkia mildrediae ssp.
Los Angeles sunflower Helianthus nuttallii
- marsh arrow-grass - Triglochin palustris mildrediae
ssp. parishii marsh checkerbloom Sida/cea oregana ssp.
- Miles's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus didymocarpus
Lost H i l ls crownscale - Atriplex vallicola hydrophila var. milesianus
lost thistle - Cirsium praeteriens marsh claytonia - Claytonia palustris Milo Baker's l u pine - Lupinus milo-bakeri
low bush mon keyflower - Mimulus aridus marsh hedge nettle - Stachys palustris ssp. M i n eral King d raba - Draba cruciata
Lyall's tonestus - Tonestus !ya/Iii pilosa M i ngan m oonwort - Botrychium minganense
Lyngbye's sedge - marsh horseta i l - Equisetum palustre Mission Canyon bl uecup - Githopsis diffusa
Carex lyngbyei marsh m icroseris - Microseris paludosa ssp. filicaulis
Lyon's pentachaeta Pentachaeta lyonii
- marsh pea Lathyrus palustris
- modest rock cress - Arabis modesta
M ac Dougal's lomati u m Lomatium - marsh sandwort - Arenaria paludicola Modoc bedstraw - Galium glabrescens ssp.
foeniculaceum var. macdougalii marsh sku I I cap - Seutel/aria galericulata modocense
M acoun's buttercup - Ranunculus macounii marsh violet Viola palustris
- Modoc County knotweed - Polygonum
M adera li nanthus - Linanthus serrulatus marsh wil lowherb - Epilobium palustre polygaloides ssp. esotericum
maidenhair spleenwort - Asplenium marsh zigadenus - Zigadenus micranthus var. Mojave fish-hook cactus Sclerocactus
-

trichomanes ssp. trichomanes fontanus polyancistrus

male fern - Dryopteris filix-mas M arshall's gooseberry - Ribes marshal/ii Moj ave I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja
Malibu baccharis - Baccharis malibuensis M arsh's blue grass Poa abbreviata ssp.
- plagiotoma
Mallory's manzanita Arctostaphylos malloryi
- marshii Mojave ind igo-bush - Psorothamnus
many-flowered navarretia - Navarretia M asonic Mountain jewel-flower - arborescens var. arborescens
leucocephala ssp. plieantha Streptanthus oliganthus Mojave m i l kweed - Asclepias nyctaginifolia
many-flowered phacelia - Phacelia floribunda M asonic rock cress - Arabis cobrensis Mojave m o n keyflower - Mimulus mohavensis
many-flowered schku h ria - Schkuhria M ason's ceanoth us - Ceanothus masonii Mojave phacelia - Phacelia mohavensis
multiflora var. multiflora M ason's li laeopsis - Li/aeopsis masonii Mojave spike-moss - Selaginella leucobryoides
many-flowered thelypod i u m - Thelypodium M ason's n eststraw - Stylocline masonii Mojave spineflower - Chorizanthe spinosa
milleflorum M ason's sky pi lot - Polemonium chartaceum Mojave tarplant - Deinandra mohavensis
many-headed malacothrix - Malacothrix M ayacamas popcorn-flower Plagiobothrys
- Monarch gilia - Ciliayorkii
foliosa ssp. polycephala lithocaryus Monarch golden-aster - Heterotheca
many-ste m m ed d u d l eya - Dudleya multicaulis McDonald's rock cress - Arabis monarchensis
maple-leaved checkerbloom - Sidalcea macdonaldiana Mono Cou nty phacelia - Phacelia monoensis
malachroides McGee Meadows lupine - Lupinus magnificus Mono Hot Springs eveni ng-pri mrose -
Marble Mou ntain cam pion - Silene var. hesperius Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
marmorensis m eadow sedge - Carex praticola Mono Lake lu pine - Lupin us duranii
marble rockmat Petrophyton caespitosum
- Mecca-aster - Xylorhiza cognata Mono m i l k-vetch - Astragalus monoensis var.
ssp. acuminatum Mendocino bush mallow - Malacothamnus monoens1s
marbled wild-ginger - Asarum marmoratum mendocinensis Mono ragwort - Senecio pattersonensis
marcescent d u d leya Dudleya cymosa ssp.
- Mendocino coast I ndian paintbrush - Montara m anzanita Arctostaphylos
-

marcescens Castilleja mendocinensis montaraensis

362 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S B Y C O M M O N NAME

Monterey ceanothus - Ceanothus cuneatus Mt. Hami lton coreopsis - Coreopsis hamiltonii narrow-leaved water-plantain Alisma -

var. rigidus Mt. Hami lton jewel-flower - Streptanthus gramineum

Monterey clover - Trifolium trichoca!yx callistus narrow-leaved yerba santa Eriodictyon
-

Monterey cypress - Cupressus macrocarpa Mt. Hami lton lomati u m - Lomatium angustifolium
Monterey Ind ian pai ntbrush Castilleja- observatorium narrow-petaled rei n orchid - Piperia
latifolia Mt. Hami lton th istle - Cirsium fontinale var. leptopetala
Monterey manzan ita - Arctostaphylos campy/on narrow-seeded yampah - Perideridia
montereyensis Mt. Pinos larkspur Delphinium parryi ssp.
- leptocarpa
Monterey pine - Pinus radiata purpureum Nelson's evening-pri m rose - Camissonia
Monterey spi neflower - Chorizanthe pungens Mt. Pi nos onion - Allium howellii var. clokeyi mmor
var. pungens Mt. Saint Helena morni ng-glory - Calystegia Nevada daisy - Erigeron nevadincola
Morefield's cinquefoi l - Potentilla morefieldii collina ssp. oxyphylla Nevada l u p i n e Lupinus nevadensis
-

Moreno currant - Ribes canthariforme Mt. Shasta arnica - Amica viscosa Nevada n i nebark - Physocarpus alternans
Mormon need le grass - Achnatherum aridum Mt. Tamalpais jewel-flower - Streptanthus Nevada onion - Allium nevadense
Morrison's jewel-flower - Streptanthus glandulosus ssp. pulchellus Nevada oryctes - Oryctes nevadensis
morrisonii ssp. morrisonii Mt. Tamalpais manzanita Arctostaphylos - Nevada wormwood Iva nevadensis
-

Morro manzanita Arctostaphylos morroensis

- hookeri ssp. montana Nevi n 's barberry - Berberis nevinii
Mosq u i n's clarkia Clarkia mosquinii
- Mt. Tamalpais thistle Cirsium hydrophilum
- Nevi n's gi lia - Cilia nevinii
m oss gentian Gentiana fremontii
- var. vaseyi Nevi n 's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum nevinii
m oss phlox - Phlox muscoides Mt. Tedoc l i nanthus - Linanthus nuttallii ssp. New Mexico locust Robinia neomexicana
-

m ost beautifu l jewel-flower Streptanthus

-
howellii New York Mountai ns cryptantha -
albidus ssp. peramoenus Mt. Vision ceanoth us Ceanothus gloriosus
-
Cryptantha tumulosa
mound d raba - Draba subumbellata var. porrectus Newberry's cinq uefoil Potentilla newberryi
-

Mount Lagu na aster - Machaeranthera Mt. Whitney d raba - Draba sharsmithii Newberry's velvet-mal low - Horsfordia
asteroides var. lagunensis m u d nama Nama stenocarpum
-
newberryi
m ou ntain bent grass - Agrostis humilis M u i r's tarplant Carlquistia muirii
-
N i les's harmonia - Harmonia doris-nilesiae
m ou ntain hair grass - Deschampsia m u nchkin d u d l eya - Dudleya gnoma N i n e M i l e Canyon phacel ia Phacelia
-

atropurpurea M u n roe's d esert mal low - Sphaeralcea novenmillensis

mou ntain lady's-slipper Cypripedium
-
munroana n i n e-awned pappus grass - Enneapogon
montanum M u nz's bedstraw - Galium munzii desvauxii
mou ntain oxytrope - Oxytropis oreophila var. M u nz's cholla - Opuntia munzii N i pomo Mesa lupine - Lupinus nipomensis
oreophila M u nz's iris Iris munzii
- Nissenan manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
m ou ntain phacelia - Phacelia orogenes Mu nz's mari posa li ly - Calochortus palmeri nissenana
Mountain Spri ngs bush lupine - Lupinus var. munz11 nodding buckwheat - Eriogonum nutans var.
excubitus var. medius M u nz's onion - Allium munzii nutans
mouse buckwheat Eriogonum nudum var.
- M u nz's sage Salvia munzii
- nodding harmonia - Harmonia nutans
murinum M u nz's tidy-tips Layia munzii
- nodding semaphore grass - Pleuropogon
Mt. Diablo bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus naked m i l k-vetch Astragalus serenoi var.
- refractus
nidularius shockleyi North Coast phacelia - Phacelia insularis var.
Mt. Diablo buckwheat - Eriogonum truncatum naked-ste m m ed daisy - Enceliopsis nudicaulis continentis
Mt. Diablo cottonweed - Micropus var. nudicaulis North Coast semaphore grass - Pleuropogon
amphibolus naked-stem m ed phacel ia - Phacelia hooverianus
Mt. Diablo fairy-lantern - Calochortus gymnoclada northern adder's-tongue - Ophioglossum
pulchellus Napa blue grass - Poa napensis pusillum
Mt. Diablo jewel-flower Streptanthus
- Napa false ind igo - Amorpha californica var. northern bugleweed Lycopus uniflorus
-

hispidus napensis Northern California black wal nut -Jug/ans

Mt. Diablo manzan ita - Arctostaphylos N apa lomati u m - Lomatium repostum hindsii
auriculata N apa western flax - Hesperolinon serpentinum northern Channel Islands phacelia -
Mt. Diablo phace l ia - Phacelia phacelioides narrow-anthered Californ ia brodiaea - Phacelia insularis var. insularis
Mt. Eddy buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum
- Brodiaea californica var. leptandra northern clarkia - Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
var. humistratum narrow-leaved cottonwood Populus - northern cl ustered sedge - Carex arcta
Mt. Eddy draba - Draba carnosula angustifolia northern coralroot - Corallorhiza trifida
Mt. Eddy l u p i n e - Lupinus lapidicola narrow-leaved daisy - Erigeron angustatus northern d aisy - Trimorpha acris var. debilis
Mt. G leason I ndian pai ntbrush Castilleja- narrow-leaved psorotham nus - northern l i m estone buckwheat - Eriogonum
gleasonii Psorothamnus fremontii var. attenuatus microthecum var. alpinum
 APPENDIX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N NAME 363

northern m icroseris Microseris borealis

- Oregon fireweed - Epilobium oreganum panicu late tarplant - Deinandra paniculata
northern Sierra daisy - Erigeron petrophilus Oregon l u ngwort - Mertensia be/la Panoche pepper-grass - Lepidiumjaredii ssp.
var. s1errens1s Oregon meconella Meconella oregana
- album
northern spleenwort - Asplenium septentrionale Oregon rock cress - Arabis oregana pansy mon keyflower Mimulus pulchellus
-

northwestern moonwort - Botrychium Orleans i ris - Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Parish's alkali grass - Puccinellia parishii
pinnatum ornate d alea - Dalea ornata Parish's a l u m root - Heuchera parishii
notch-beaked m i l kwort - Polygala Orocopia sage - Salvia greatae Parish's brittlescale - Atriplex parishii
heterorhyncha Oso manzan ita - Arctostaphylos osoensis Parish's bush mallow Malacothamnus
-

Nuttall's island bedstraw - Galium nuttallii Otay manzanita - Arctostaphylos otayensis parishii
ssp. insulare Otay M esa m int - Pogogyne nudiuscula Parish's chaenactis - Chaenactis parishii
Nuttal l 's lotus - Lotus nuttallianus Otay Mou ntain ceanothus - Ceanothus Parish's checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii
N uttall's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus nuttallii var. otayensis ssp. parishii
nuttallii Otay Mountain lotus - Lotus crassifolius var. Parish's daisy - Erigeron parishii
Nuttal l's pondweed - Potamogeton epihydrus otayensis Parish's desert-thorn Lycium parishii
-

ssp. nuttallii Otay tarplant Deinandra conjugens

- Parish's gooseberry - Ribes divaricatum var.
N u ttall's saxifrage - Saxifraga nuttallii oval-leaved snapdragon - Antirrhinum parishii
Nuttall's scrub oak - Quercus dumosa ovatum Parish's m eadowfoam - Limnanthes gracilis
Oakland star-tu l i p - Calochortus umbellatus oval-leaved viburn u m - Viburnum ellipticum ssp. parishii
oak-leaved nemophila - Nemophila parviflora Owens Peak lomati u m - Lomatium shevockii Parish's onion - Allium parishii
var. quercifo/ia Owens Valley checkerbloom - Sida/cea covillei Parish's phacel ia - Phacelia parishii
Obispo I n d ian pai ntbrush - Castilleja Owyhee ivesia - lvesia baileyi var. beneolens Parish's popcorn-flower Plagiobothrys
-

densiflora ssp. obispoensis Pacific gi lia - Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica parishii
obtuse starwort - Stellaria obtusa Pacific Grove clover - Trifolium polyodon Parish's rock cress - Arabis parishii
ocellated H u m boldt l i ly - Lilium humboldtii Pacific si lver fir - Abies amabilis Parish's rupertia - Rupertia rigida
ssp. ocellatum Pajaro manzan ita - Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Parish's yam pah - Perideridia parishii ssp.
ochre-flowered buckwheat - Eriogonum pale yellow stonecrop - Sedum /axum ssp. parishii
ochrocephalum var. ochrocephalum f/avidum Parry's horkelia - Horkelia parryi
oil neststraw - Stylocline citroleum pale-yellow layia - Layia heterotricha Parry's mon keyflower Mimulus parryi
-

Ojai friti llary - Fritillaria ojaiensis pallid bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. Parry's oxytrope - Oxytropis parryi
Olancha Peak buckwheat - Eriogonum pallescens Parry's sedge - Carex parryana var. ha/Iii
wrightii var. olanchense pallid manzanita - Arctostaphylos pa/Iida Parry's spineflower - Chorizanthe parryi var.
one-sided mon keyflower - Mimulus palmate-bracted bird's-beak - Cordylanthus parryi
subsecundus palmatus Parry's spurge - Chamaesyce parryi
Onyx Peak bedstraw - Galium angustifolium Palmer's fran ke n i a - Frankenia palmeri Parry's sunflower Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
-

ssp. onycense Palmer's golden bush - Ericameria palmeri Parry's tetracoccus - Tetracoccus dioicus
opposite-leaved lewisia Lewisia oppositifolia
-
ssp. palmeri Parry's townsendia - Townsendia parryi
orange lupine Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus
-
Palmer's grapp l i nghook - Harpagonella parsnip-flowered buckwheat - Eriogonum
Orcutt's bird's-beak - Cordylanthus palmeri heracleoides var. heracleoides
orcuttianus Palmer's mari posa lily - Calochortus palmeri Paso Robles navarretia - Navarretiajaredii
Orcutt's brod iaea - Brodiaea orcuttii var. palmeri Patterson's blue grass - Poa abbreviata ssp.
Orcutt's d u d leya Dudleya attenuata ssp.
-
Palmer's monard e l la - Monardella palmeri pattersonii

I
orcuttii Palmer's spineflower - Chorizanthe palmeri Payson 's jewel-fl ower - Caulanthus simulans
Orcutt's hazard i a Hazardia orcuttii
-
Palomar mon keyflower - Mimulus diffusus Peanut sandwort - Minuartia rosei
Orcutt's l i nanthus - Linanthus orcuttii Panamint daisy - Enceliopsis covillei Pecho manzanita Arctostaphylos pechoensis
-

Orcutt's pincushion - Chaenactis glabriuscula Panamint dud leya - Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa Peck's lomati u m Lomatium peckianum
-

var. orcuttiana Panamint mari posa l ily - Calochortus Peck's san icle - Sanicula peckiana
Orcutt's spineflower Chorizanthe orcuttiana
-
panamintensis Peirson's l u p i n e - Lupinus peirsonii
Orcutt's woody-aster Xylorhiza orcuttii
-
Panamint Mou ntains bedstraw Galium- Peirson's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus magdalenae
oreganillo - Aloysia wrightii hilendiae ssp. carneum var. peirsonii
Oregon bedstraw - Galium oreganum Panamint Mou ntains buckwheat - Peirson's morn ing-glory - Calystegia peirsonii
Oregon bleed ing heart - Dicentra formosa Eriogonum microthecum var. panamintense Peirson's phacelia - Phacelia peirsoniana
ssp. oregana Panam i nt Mou ntains l u p i n e - Lupinus Peirson's pincushion - Chaenactis carphoclinia
Oregon cam pion - Silene oregana magnificus var. magnificus var. peirsonii
Oregon coast I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja Panamint rock-goldenrod - Chrysothamnus Peirson's spri ng beauty - Claytonia lanceolata
affinis ssp. litoralis gramineus var. peirsonii
364 A P P E N D I X IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

Peirson's tonestus - Tonestus peirsonii Pi ute Mountains navarretia Navarretia - pu ngent glossopetalon - Clossopetalon
Pendleton button-celery - Eryngium setiloba pungens
pendletonensis plains bee blam - Monarda pectinata Purdy's friti llary - Friti/laria purdyi
pendulous b u l rush Scirpus pendulus
- plains stoneseed - Lithosperrnurn incisurn Purdy's onion - Alliurn firnbriaturn var. purdyi
Pen insu lar manzanita - Arctostaphylos playa m i l k-vetch - Astragalus allochrous var. pu rple amole - Chlorogalurn purpureurn var.
peninsularis ssp. peninsularis playanus purpureurn
Pen i nsu lar spineflower Chorizanthe
- playa phacelia - Phacelia inundata purple bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus parviflorus
leptotheca Pleasant Valley mari posa li ly Calochortus
- purple m i l k-vetch - Astragalus agrestis
Pennel l's bird 's-beak Cordylanthus tenuis
- clavatus var. avius purple monkeyflower - Mirnulus purpureus
ssp. capillaris Plu mas ivesia - lvesia sericoleuca purple mountain-parsley - Oreonana
perennial goldfields - Lasthenia rnacrantha Plummer's baccharis - Baccharis plurnrnerae purpurascens
ssp. rnacrantha ssp. plummerae purple onion grass - Melica spectabilis
Petal u m a popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys Plummer's clover Trifoliurn f!)'rnnocarpon var.
- purple stemod ia - Sternodia durantifo/ia
rnollis var. vestitus plurnmerae purple-flowered Washi ngton l i ly - Liliurn
Phil brick's malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa Plum mer's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus washingtonianurn ssp. purpurascens
ssp. philbrickii plurnmerae purple-stem med checkerbloom - Sidalcea
Pickering's ivesia - lvesia pickeringii Plum mer's woodsia - Woodsia plumrnerae rnalvif/ora ssp. purpurea
Pierpoint Spri ngs dudleya - Dudleya cyrnosa Point Reyes bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus pygmy cypress Cupressus goveniana ssp.
-

ssp. costafolia rnaritimus ssp. palustris pigmaea

Pilot Ridge fawn l i ly - Erythroniurn taylorii Poi nt Reyes blennosperma - Blennosperma pygmy gentian - Centiana prostrata
pincushion navarretia - Navarretia rnyersii nanum var. robusturn pygmy h u lsea - Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygrnaea
ssp. rnyersii Point Reyes ceanothus - Ceanothus gloriosus pygmy l i nanth us - Linanthus pygrnaeus ssp.
Pine City sed u m - Sedurn pinetorurn var. gloriosus pygrnaeus
Pine Creek even i ng-pri m rose Carnissonia
- Point Reyes c heckerbloom - Sidalcea calycosa pygmy lotus - Lotus haydonii
boothii ssp. alyssoides ssp. rhizornata pygmy manzan ita Arctostaphylos
-

pine friti l lary - Fritillaria pinetorurn Point Reyes horkelia - Horkelia rnarinensis rnendocinoensis
pine gil i a Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorurn
- Point Reyes meadowfoam - Lirnnanthes pygmy poppy Canbya candida
-

pine green-gentian - Swertia neglecta douglasii ssp. sulphurea pyrola-leaved buckwheat - Eriogonum
Pine H i l l ceanoth us - Ceanothus roderickii poi nted broom sedge - Carex scoparia pyrolifoliurn var. pyrolifoliurn
Pine H i l l flan nelbush - Fremontodendron Poison Canyon stickseed - Hackelia brevicula Qui ncy l u p i n e Lupinus dalesiae
-

decurnbens potbellied spineflower - Chorizanthe ventricosa Raiche's manzanita - Arctostaphylos

pine pyrrocoma - Pyrrocorna racernosa var. prairie wedge grass Sphenopholis obtusata
- stanfordiana ssp. raichei
pinetorurn Presidio clarkia C!arkia franciscana
- Raiche's red ribbons - C!arkia concinna ssp.
pine rose - Rosa pinetorum Presidio manzanita - Arctostaphylos hookeri raichei
pink creamsacs - Castilleja rubicundula ssp. ssp. ravenii Rai n bow manzanita - Arctostaphylos
rubicundula Preuss's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus preussii var. rainbowensis
pink sand-verbena - Abronia urnbellata ssp. preussii Ram ona horkelia - Horkelia truncata
breviflora pride-of-Cal ifornia Lathyrus splendens
- Ramshaw Meadows abronia - Abronia
pink velvet-mal low - Horsfordia alata Pri ngle's monardella - Monardella pringlei alpina
Pin nacles buckwheat - Eriogonurn nortonii profuse-flowered pogogyne - Pogof!)'ne Rattan 's cryptantha Cryptantha rattanii
-

pin nate-leaved gi lia - Cilia sinistra ssp. floribunda Rattan 's l i nanth us - Linanthus rattanii
pinnatisecta prostrate buckwheat - Eriogonurn prociduurn Rattan 's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rattanii var.
pi nyon beardtongue - Pensternon scapoides prostrate navarretia - Navarretia prostrata rattanii
pi nyon rock cress - Arabis dispar protru d i ng buckwheat - Eriogonurn nudum rattlesnake fern - Botrychiurn virginianurn
Pinzl's rock cress - Arabis pinzlae var. indicturn Raven's lomati u m - Lornatiurn ravenii
Pi per's blue grass - Poa piperi Provid ence Mou ntains lotus - Lotus Raven's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rnonoensis var.
Pismo clarkia - C!arkia speciosa ssp. irnrnaculata arf!)'raeus var. notitius ravenii
Pitkin Marsh I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja Providence Mou ntains m i l k-vetch - Rawh ide H i l l onion - Alliurn tuolurnnense
uliginosa Astragalus nutans rayless layia - Layia discoidea
Pitkin M arsh l i ly - Liliurn pardalinurn ssp. Pt. Reyes rein orchid - Piperia elegans ssp. rayless mou ntain ragwort - Senecio indecorus
pitkinense decurtata rayless ragwort - Senecio aphanactis
Pi ute cypress - Cupressus arizonica ssp. pu bescent needle grass - Achnatherurn recu rved larkspur - Delphinium recurvatum
nevadensis lernrnonii var. pubescens Red Bluff dwarf rush - juncus leiosperrnus var.
Pi ute Mountai ns j ewel-flower - Streptanthus Pulsifer's m i l k-vetch Astragalus pulsiferae
-
leiosperrnus
cordatus var. piutensis var. pulsiferae red fou r o'clock - Mirabilis coccinea
 APPEN D I X IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E 365

red grama - Bouteloua trifida Rocky Mou ntain spike-moss - Selagine/la San Benito thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
Red H ills ragwort - Senecio clevelandii var. densa var. scopulorum obovata ssp. obovata
heterophyllus Roderick's friti l lary - Fritillaria roderickii San Bernard i n o blue grass - Poa
Red H i l l s soaproot - Chlorogalum rose li nanthus - Linanthus rosaceus atropurpurea
grandif/orum rose-mal low Hibiscus lasiocarpus
- S a n Bernardino gi lia - Cilia leptantha ssp.
Red M o u ntain catch fly - Silene campanulata rosy two-toned beardtongue - Penstemon leptantha
ssp. campanulata bicolor ssp. roseus San Bernard i n o Mountai ns bladderpod -
Red Mountain stonecrop - Sedum rosy-petal led cliffbush - jamesia americana Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
eastwoodiae var. rosea San Bernard ino Mountains dudleya -
Red Rock poppy - Eschscholzia minutif/ora rough harebel l Campanula scabrella
- Dudleya abramsii ssp. affinis
ssp. twisselmannii rou nd-headed beaked-rush - Rhynchospora San Bernardi no Mountains monkeyflower -
Red Rock tarplant - Oeinandra arida globularis var. globularis Mimulus exiguus
red sand-verbena - Abronia maritima rou nd-headed chi nese houses - Collinsia San Bernard i n o Mountains owl's-clover -

red-anthered rush -juncus marginatus var. corymbosa Castilleja lasiorhyncha

marginatus rou nd-leaved filaree Erodium macrophyllum
- San Bernard ino ragwort - Senecio
red-fl owered buckwheat - Eriogonum grande ru n n ing-pine - Lycopodium clavatum bernardinus
var. rubescens Rusby's desert-mallow Sphaeralcea rusbyi
-
San Bernard ino rock cress - Arabis breweri
red-flowered lotus - Lotus rubriflorus var. eremicola var. pecuniaria
redwood l i ly - Lilium rubescens rush-l i ke bristleweed Machaeranthera juncea
-
San Bru no Mou ntain manzanita -
Refugio manzanita Arctostaphylos
- rusty saxifrage Saxifraga rufidula
-
Arctostaphylos imbricata
refugioensis Sacramento Orcutt grass - Orcuttia viscida San Clemente Island bedstraw Calium -

Regel's rush - juncus regelii saffron-flowered l u pine - Lupinus croceus var. cata/inense ssp. acrispum
resin birch - Betula pumila var. glandulifera pilose/Ius San Clemente I sland bird's-foot trefoil -

Reveal's buckwheat Eriogonum contiguum

- sagebrush bl uebells Mertensia oblongifolia
-
Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens
revol ute spurge - Chamaesyce revoluta var. oblongifolia San Clemente Island brodiaea - Brodiaea
ribbed cryptantha - Cryptantha costata sagebrush loefl i ngia Loeflingia squarrosa
-
kinkiensis
rigid pea Lathyrus rigidus
- var. artemisiarum San Clem ente Island buckwheat Eriogonum -

Ri ncon manzan ita - Arctostaphylos saguaro Carnegiea gigantea

-
giganteum var. formosum
stanfordiana ssp. decumbens Sai nt's daisy - Erigeron sanctarum San Clemente Island bush mal low -

Rincon Ridge ceanothus - Ceanothus confusus Sali nas m i l k-vetch Astragalus macrodon
-
Malacothamnus clementinus
Ripley's gi l i a - Cilia ripleyi Sali nas Valley goldfields - Lasthenia lepta/ea San Clemente Island eveni ng-primrose -

Robbi ns's pondweed - Potamogeton robbinsii saline clover - Trifolium depauperatum var. Camissonia guadalupensis ssp. clementina
Robinson's pepper-grass - Lepidium hydrophilum San Clemente Island hazard ia - Hazardia
virginicum var. robinsonii Saline Valley phacel ia - Phacelia amabilis cana
Robison's m onardella Monardella robisonii
- Salmon Mou ntains wakerobin - Trillium San Clemente Island I ndian pai ntbrush -

robust daisy - Erigeron decumbens var. ovatum ssp. oettingeri Castilleja grisea
robustior salt marsh bird 's-beak Cordylanthus
-
San Clemente Island larkspur Delphinium
-

robust false l u p i n e - Thermopsis robusta maritimus ssp. maritimus variegatum ssp. kinkiense
robust Hoffman n's buckwheat - Eriogonum salt spring checkerbloom Sidalcea -
San Clemente Island lotus - Lotus
hoffmannii var. robustius neomexicana dendroideus var. traskiae
robust monardella - Monardella vi/losa ssp. Salton m i l k-vetch Astragalus crotalariae
-
San Clemente Island m i l k-vetch Astragalus
-

globosa San Antonio Canyon bedstraw Calium -

nev1n11
robust spineflower Chorizanthe robusta var.
- angustifolium ssp. gabrielense San Clemente Island triteleia - Triteleia
robusta San Antonio H i lls monardella - Monardella clementina
Rock Creek broo m rape - Orobanche valida antonina ssp. antonina San Clemente Island woodland star -
ssp. valida San Antonio m i l k-vetch - Astragalus Lithophragma maximum
rock d raba Draba corrugata var. saxosa
- lentiginosus var. antonius San Diego ambrosia - Ambrosia pumila
rock goldenrod Petradoria pumila ssp.
- San Ben ito eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia-
San Diego barrel cactus - Ferocactus
pumila benitensis viridescens
rock lady - Maurandya petrophila San Ben ito friti llary - Fritillaria viridea San Diego bur-sage - Ambrosia
rock monardella - Monarde/la viridis ssp. San Ben ito m onardella - Monardella antonina chenopodiifolia
saxicola ssp. benitensis San D iego button-celery - Eryngium aristulatum
rock nettle Eucnide rupestris
- San Benito poppy - Eschscholzia hypecoides var. parishii
San Ben ito spineflower - Chorizanthe biloba San Diego County alumroot - Heuchera
rock sandwort - Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa
rock sanicle - Sanicula saxatilis var. immemora rubescens var. versicolor
 366 A P P E N D I X IV: P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E

San D iego County needle grass - San Jaci nto Valley crownscale - Atriplex sand mesa manzan ita - Arctostaphylos rudis
Achnatherum diegoense coronata var. notatior sand pea - Lathyrusjaponicus
San Diego County vigu iera - Viguiera San Joaq u i n adobe sun burst - Pseudobahia sand mat manzanita Arctostaphylos pumila
-

laciniata peirsonii Sanford's arrowhead - Sagittaria sanfordii

San D iego goldenstar Mui/la develandii
- San J oaq u i n bluecurls - Trichostema ovatum san icle cymopterus Cymopterus ripleyi var.
-

San Diego gu m plant - Grindelia hirsutula var. San J oaq u i n spearscale - Atriplexjoaquiniana saniculoides
ha/Iii San Joaq u i n Valley Orcutt grass - Orcuttia Santa Ana River wool lystar - Eriastrum
San Diego marsh-elder - Iva hayesiana inaequalis densifolium ssp. sanctorum
San Diego mesa m i nt - Pogogyne abramsii San J oaq u i n woollythreads - Monolopia Santa Barbara bedstraw - Galium
San Diego m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oocarpus congdonii diftonsmithii
San Diego sagewort - Artemisia palmeri San Lu is mariposa l i ly - Calochortus Santa Barbara honeysuckle - Lonicera
San Diego sand aster - Corethrogyne obispoensis subspicata var. subspicata
filaginifolia var. incana San Luis Obispo County bush mal low - Santa Barbara Island buckwheat -
San Diego sunflower - Hu/sea californica Malacothamnus niveus Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum
San Diego thorn-mint - Acanthomintha San Lu is Obispo Cou nty l u p i n e - Lupinus Santa Barbara Island cream cups -
ilicifolia ludovicianus Platystemon californicus var. ciliatus
San Feli pe monardella - Monardella nana ssp. San Luis Obispo d u d leya - Dudleya abramsii Santa Barbara Island d u d leya - Dudleya
leptosiphon ssp. murina traskiae
San Fernando Valley spineflower - San Lu is Obispo mari posa l i ly - Calochortus Santa Barbara jewel-flower - Caulanthus
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina simulans amplexicaulis var. barbarae
San Francisco Bay spineflower - Chorizanthe San Luis Obispo monardella - Monardella Santa Barbara m orni ng-glory Calystegia
-

cuspidata var. cuspidata frutescens sepium ssp. binghamiae

San Francisco cam pion - Silene verecunda San Lu is Obispo sedge Carex obispoensis
- Santa Catal ina figwort - Scrophularia villosa
ssp. verecunda San Luis Obispo serpenti ne d u d leya - Santa Catali na Island bedstraw - Galium
San Francisco col li nsia - Collinsia multicolor Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae catalinense ssp. catalinense
San Francisco gum plant Grindelia hirsutula
- San Luis Obispo wallflower - Erysimum Santa Catal ina Island buckwheat -
var. maritima capitatum ssp. lompocense Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum
San Francisco lessi ngia - Lessingia San M ateo thorn-mint - Acanthomintha Santa Catali na Island currant - Ribes
germanorum duttonii viburnifolium
San Francisco owl's-clover Triphysaria
- San Mateo tree lupine Lupinus eximius
- Santa Catali n a Island desert-thorn - Lycium
floribunda San M ateo woolly su nflower - Eriophyllum brevipes var. hassei
San Francisco popcorn-flower - latilobum Santa Catal ina Island i ronwood -
Plagiobothrys diffusus San M iguel Island bedstraw - Galium Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. floribundus
San Francisco wal l flower - Erysimum californicum ssp. miguelense Santa Catalina Island manzan ita -
franciscanum San M iguel Island deerweed - Lotus Arctostaphylos catalinae
San Gabriel bedstraw Galium grande
- dendroideus var. veatchii Santa Catal ina Island mon keyflower -
San Gabriel li nanthus - Linanthus concinnus San M iguel Island m i l k-vetch - Astragalus Mimulus traskiae
San Gabriel manzan ita - Arctostaphylos miguelensis Santa Clara red ribbons - Clarkia concinna
gabrielensis San M iguel savory - Satureja chandleri ssp. automixa
San Gabriel Mou ntains dud leya Dudleya - San N icolas Island buckwheat - Eriogonum Santa Clara thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
densiflora grande var. timorum lanceolata
San Gabriel M ou ntai ns su nflower - Hu/sea San N icolas Island desert-thorn - Lycium Santa Clara Val ley dud leya Dudleya setchellii
-

vestita ssp. gabrielensis verrucosum Santa Cruz clover - Trifolium buckwestiorum

San Gabriel oak Quercus durata var.
- San N icolas Island lomatium - Lomatium Santa Cruz Cou nty mon keyflower Mimulus
-

gabrielensis insulare rattanii ssp. decurtatus

San Gabriel River d u d leya - Dudleya cymosa San Si meon baccharis Baccharis plummerae
- Santa Cruz cypress - Cupressus abramsiana
ssp. crebrifolia ssp. glabrata Santa Cruz Island bird's-foot trefoil - Lotus
San J acinto beardtongue Penstemon
- San born's onion - Allium sanbornii var. argophyllus var. niveus
develandii var. connatus sanbornii Santa Cruz Island bush mal low -
San Jaci nto Mou ntains bedstraw - Galium sand almond - Prunus fasciculata var. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus
angustifolium ssp. jacinticum punctata Santa Cruz Island dudleya - Dudleya nesiotica
San J aci nto Mountains d aisy - Erigeron sand d u n e phacelia Phacelia argentea
-
Santa Cruz I sland fringepod - Thysanocarpus
breweri var. jacinteus sand eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia arenaria
- conchuliferus
San Jaci nto prickly ph lox - Leptodactylon sand food - Pholisma sonorae Santa Cruz I sland gooseberry Ribes
-

jaegeri sand gilia - Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria thacherianum

 APPENDIX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E 367

Santa Cruz Island i ro nwood - Lyonothamnus scalloped-leaved lousewort - Pedicularis Sharsm ith's harebell - Campanula
f/oribundus ssp. aspleniifolius crenulata sharsmithiae
Santa Cruz Island malacothrix - Malacothrix scaly cloak fern - Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. Sharsmith's on ion - Allium sharsmithae
indecora cochisensis Shars m ith's stickseed Hackelia sharsmithii
-

Santa Cruz Island manzanita - Scandin avian sedge Carex norvegica

- Shasta agerati na - Ageratina shastensis
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. subcordata Schreiber's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos Shasta beardtongue -
Santa Cruz Island mon keyflower - Mimulus glutinosa Penstemon heterodoxus var. shastensis
brandegei Scott Mou nta i n bedstraw Calium - Shasta chaenactis - Chaenactis suffrutescens
Santa Cruz Island oak - Quercus parvula var. serpenticum ssp. scotticum Shasta clarkia - Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
parvula Scott Mou ntai n phacelia - Phacelia dalesiana Shasta County arnica - Amica venosa
Santa Cruz Island rock cress - Sibara filifolia Scott Mou ntain sandwort Minuartia - Shasta orthocarpus - Orthocarpus
Santa Cruz manza n ita - Arctostaphylos stolonifera pachystachyus
andersonii Scott Mountai ns fawn l i ly - Erythronium Shasta snow-wreath Neviusia cliftonii
-

Santa Cruz m icroseris - Stebbinsoseris decipiens citrinum var. roderickii Shaw's agave - Agave shawii
Santa Cruz Mou ntains beardtongue - Scott Valley phacelia - Phacelia greenei Sheldon's sedge - Carex sheldonii
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei Scott's Valley p o lygo n um - Polygonum Shevock's golden-aster - Heterotheca
Santa Cruz Mou ntai ns pussypaws - hickmanii shevockii
Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae Scott's Valley spineflower - Chorizanthe Shevock's m i l k-vetch Astragalus shevockii
-

Santa Cruz tarplant Holocarpha macradenia

- robusta var. hartwegii shield-bracted mon keyflower Mimulus -

Santa Cruz wallflower - Erysimum teretifolium Scri bner's wheat grass - Elymus scribneri glaucescens
Santa Lucia bedstraw - Calium clementis scrub lotus - Lotus argyraeus var. multicaulis shi n i ng m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus
Santa Lucia bush mal low Malacothamnus
- sea dahlia Coreopsis maritima
- var. micans
palmeri var. palmeri seacoast ragwort - Senecio bolanderi var. shi n i ng navarretia - Navarretia nigelliformis
Santa Lucia gooseberry Ribes sericeum
- bolanderi ssp. radians
Santa Lucia horkelia - Horkeliayadonii seaside bird's-beak - Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Shirley M eadows star-tu l i p - Calochortus
Santa Lucia l u p i n e - Lupinus cervinus littoralis westonii
Santa Lucia manzanita - Arctostaphylos luciana seaside calan d ri nia - Calandrinia maritima Shockley's buckwheat - Eriogonum shockleyi
Santa Lucia m i nt Pogowne clareana
-
sea-watch - Angelica lucida var. shockleyi
Santa Margarita manzanita - Arctostaphylos Sebastopol m eadowfoam - Limnanthes Shockley's rock cress - Arabis shockleyi
pilosula vinculans shore sedge - Carex limosa
Santa Mon ica Mou ntai ns dud leya - Dudleya secund j ewel-flower - Streptanthus glandulosus short-bracted bird's-beak Cordylanthus-

cymosa ssp. ovatifolia var. hoffmanii rigidus ssp. brevibracteatus

Santa Mon ica Mtns. dud leya - Dudleya seep kobresia - Kobresia bellardii short-fruited wil low Salix brachycarpa ssp.
-

cymosa ssp. agourensis Sequoia gooseberry - Ribes tularense brachycarpa

Santa Rosa Island d u d leya - Dudleya serpentine arnica - Amica cernua short-joint beavertai I - Opuntia basilaris var.
blochmaniae ssp. insularis serpenti ne bedstraw - Calium andrewsii ssp. brachyclada
Santa Rosa Island manzan ita - gatense short-leaved dud leya Dudleya brevifolia
-

Arctostaphylos confertif/ora serpentine bird's-beak - Cordylanthus tenuis short-leaved evax - Hesperevax sparsif/ora var.
Santa Rosa Island Torrey pine - Pinus ssp. brunneus brevifolia
torreyana ssp. insularis serpenti ne bluecup - Cithopsis pulchella ssp. short-leaved h u lsea Hu/sea brevifolia
-

Santa Rosa Mou ntains l i nanthus - serpentinicola short-lobed broom rape - Orobanche parishii
Linanthus f/oribundus ssp. ha/Iii serpentine collomia - Collomia diversifolia ssp. brachyloba
Santa Susana tarplant - Deinandra minthomii serpenti ne cryptantha Cryptantha clevelandii
- short-lobed I n d ian paintbrush - Castilleja
Santa Ynez false l u p i n e - Thermopsis var. dissita hispida ssp. brevilobata
macrophylla serpenti ne daisy - Erigeron serpentinus short-ped icelled cleomella - Cleomella
Santiago Peak phacel ia - Phacelia suaveolens serpentine golden bush - Ericameria ophitidis brevipes
ssp. keckii serpentine l i nanthus - Linanthus ambiguus short-pod ded thelypod i u m - Thelypodium
Satan's golden bush - lsocoma menziesii var. serpentine m i l kweed - Asclepias solanoana brachycarpum
diabolica serpenti ne reed grass - Calamagrostis ophitidis short-sepaled lewisia - Lewisia brachycalyx
saw-toothed lewisia - Lewisia serrata serpentine sedge - Carex serpenticola showy I n d ian clover Trifolium amoenum
-

scabrid alpine tarplant - Anisocarpus serpentine sunflower - Helianthus exilis showy madia - Madia radiata
scabridus serrated balsam root - Balsamorhiza serrata showy rail lardella Raillardella pringlei
-

Scadden Flat checkerbloom - Sidalcea shaggyhair l u p i n e - Lupinus spectabilis shrub l ive oak Quercus turbine/la
-

stipularis shaggy-haired alumroot - Heuchera Shuteye Peak fawn l i ly Erythronium

-

sca l loped m oonwort - Botrychium crenulatum hirsutissima plurif/orum

368 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E

sickle-fru it jewel-flower - Streptanthus slender bu l rush - Scirpus heterochaetus small-flowered rice grass - Piptatherum
drepanoides slender bush mal low Ma/acothamnus gracilis
- micranthum
Sierra bolandra - Bolandra californica slender clarkia - Clarkia exilis small-flowered sand-verbena - Tripterocalyx
Sierra c larkia - Clarkia virgata slender false lupine Thermopsis graci!is var.
- micranthus
Sierra d raba - Oraba sierrae gracilis smal l-leaved lomati um - Lomatium parvifolium
Sierra monardella Monardella candicans
- slender j ewelflower - Caulanthus major var. smal l-leaved mon keyflower - Mimulus
Sierra Nevada linanthus Linanthus
- nevadensis microphyllus
oblanceolatus slender lupine - Lupinus gracilentus smal l-leaved rock cress - Arabis microphylla
Sierra pod istera - Podistera nevadensis slender mari posa l i ly - Calochortus clavatus var. microphylla
Sierra Val l ey eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia var. gracilis smal l-leaved rose - Rosa minutifolia
tanacetifolia ssp. quadriperforata slender moonwort - Botrychium lineare Small's southern clarkia - Clarkia australis
Sierra Valley ivesia - lvesia aperta var. aperta s lender nemacladus - Nemac!adus gracilis small-toothed prairie gentian - Gentiana
silky balsamroot - Balsamorhiza sericea slender Orcutt grass Orcuttia tenuis
- affinis var. parvidentata
silky cryptantha - Cryptantha crinita slender pentachaeta - Pentachaeta exilis ssp. smooth goldenrod Solidago gigantea
-

silky l u p i n e - Lupinus elatus aeolica smooth lessingia - Lessingia micradenia var.

si lver-haired ivesia - lvesia argyrocoma slender sedge - Carex lasiocarpa glabrata
silver-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus slender townsendia - Townsendia leptotes smooth tarplant - Centromadia pungens ssp.
argophyllus var. argophyllus slender woolly-heads - Nemacaulis denudata laevis
si lvery false l u pine - Thermopsis californica var. gracilis snake cholla - Opuntia californica var.
var. argentata slender-horned spi n eflower - Dodecahema californica
simple androsace - Androsace occidentalis var. leptoceras Snake River daisy - Erigeron disparipilus
simplex slender-leaved i po mopsis - lpomopsis snow dwarf bramble - Rubus nivalis
si ngle-flowered mari posa l i ly - Calochortus tenuifolia Snow Mou ntain buckwheat - Eriogonum
monanthus slender-leaved pondweed - Potamogeton nervulosum
si ngle-leaved skun kbrush - Rhus trilobata filiformis Snow Mountain wil lowherb - Epilobium
var. simplicifolia slender-lobed fou r o'clock - Mirabilis nivium
single-spiked sedge - Carex scirpoidea ssp. tenuiloba snow wi l low - Salix nivalis
pseudoscirpoidea slender-petaled thelypod i u m - Thelypodium Socrates M i n e jewel-flower - Streptanthus
Siskiyou buckwheat - Eriogonum siskiyouense stenopetalum brachiatus ssp. brachiatus
Siskiyou checkerbloom - Sidalcea malvif/ora slender-stalked mon keyflower - Mimulus Sodaville m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus
ssp. patula gracilipes var. sesquimetralis
Siskiyou daisy Erigeron cervinus
- slender-stem bean - Phaseolus filiformis soft bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus mollis ssp.
Siskiyou false-hel lebore - Veratrum insolitum slender-stem med androsace - Androsace mollis
S iskiyou fireweed - Epilobium siskiyouense filiformis soft-leaved I n dian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
Siskiyou I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja slender-stem med mon keyflower - Mimulus mollis
miniata ssp. elata filicaulis solitary blazing star - Mentzelia eremophila
Siskiyou inside-out-flower - Vancouveria slough thistle - Cirsium crassicaule Sonoma alopecurus - Alopecurus aequalis
chrysantha small bur-reed - Sparganium natans var. sonomensis
Siskiyou i ris - Iris bracteata small grou ndcone - Boschniakia hookeri Sonoma beardtongue - Penstemon newberryi
Siskiyou mari posa l i ly - Calochortus persistens small pincushion navarretia - Navarretia var. sonomensis
Siskiyou Mountains huckleberry - Vaccinium myersii ssp. deminuta Sonoma ceanothus - Ceanothus sonomensis
coccineum small spi kerush - Eleocharis parvula Sonoma manzanita - Arctostaphylos canescens
S iskiyou Mountains orthocarpus - small-flowered androstep h i u m - ssp. sonomensis
Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp. cuspidatus Androstephium breviflorum Sonoma spineflower Chorizanthe valida
-

Siskiyou Mou ntains ragwort - Senecio smal l-flowered bluecurls - Trichostema Sonoma sunshine Blennosperma bakeri
-

macounii micranthum Sonoran maiden fern - Thelypteris puberula

Siskiyou Mountains wil lowherb Epilobium
- smal l-flowered fescue - Festuca minutiflora var. sonorensis
rigidum small-flowered gypsum-loving larkspur - South Coast Range morni ng-glory -
S iskiyou on ion - Allium siskiyouense Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. parviflorum Calystegia collina ssp. venusta
Siskiyou phacelia - Phacelia leonis small-flowered m icroseris - Microseris South Coast saltscale - Atriplex pacifica
Siskiyou sedge - Carexgigas douglasii var. platycarpha South Fork Mtn . l u p i n e - Lupinus elmeri
sky-blue phace l i a - Phacelia coerulea smal l-flowered monkeyflower Mimulus
- southern alpine buckwheat - Eriogonum
slender bedstraw Galium angustifolium ssp.
- inconspicuus kennedyi var. alpigenum
gracillimum small-flowered morni ng-glory - Convolvu/us Southern Cal iforn ia black wal nut Jug/ans
-

slender bog-orchid - Platanthera stricta simulans californica

 APPEN D IX IV: PLANTS BY C O M M O N N A M E 369

southern island clover - Trifolium gracilentum sti n kbells - Fritillaria agrestis talus fritil lary - Fritillaria falcata
var. palmeri stoloniferous pussytoes - Antennaria Tamalpais jewel-flower - Streptanthus
southern island mallow - Lavatera flagellaris batrachopus
assurgentiflora ssp. glabra Stony Creek spurge - Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. Tamalpais lessi ngia - Lessingia micradenia var.
southern jewel-flower - Streptanthus rattanii micradenia
campestris straight-awned spineflower - Chorizanthe Tamalpais oak - Quercus parvula var.
southern mountai n buckwheat - Eriogonum rectispina tamalpaisensis
kennedyi var. austromontanum streamside daisy - Erigeron biolettii tansy-leaved woolly su nflower - Eriophyllum
southern mou ntain m i sery - Chamaebatia striped adobe-lily - Fritillaria striata confertiflorum var. tanacetiflorum
australis striped h orsebrush - Tetradymia awraea Tecate cypress - Cupressus forbesii
southern Sierra woolly su nflower ­ stylose rock cress - Arabis ferna/diana var. Tecate tarplant - Deinandra floribunda
Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum stylosa Tecopa bird's-beak - Cordylanthus tecopensis
southern sku I I cap - Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. subalpine cryptantha - Cryptantha crymophila Tehachapi ragwort - Senecio ionophyllus
austromontana su bal pine draba - Draba praealta Tehama Cou nty western flax - Hesperolinon
southern tarplant - Centromadia parryi ssp. subalpine fi r - Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa tehamense
australis su balp i n e fireweed - Epilobium howellii Tehama n avarretia - Navarretia heterandra
southwestern spiny rush -juncus acutus ssp. su btle orache - Atriplex subtilis Teh i pite Valley j ewel-flower - Streptanthus
leopoldii succu lent owl's-clover - Castilleja campestris fenestratus
Spanish Needle onion - Allium shevockii ssp. succulenta Tejon poppy - Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp.
spear-fruited d raba - Draba lonchocarpa var. suffrutescent wallflower - Erysimum insulare kernensis
lonchocarpa ssp. suffrutescens Telescope Peak bedstraw - Galium
spearleaf - Mate/ea parvifolia S u i su n Marsh aster - Aster lentus hypotrichium ssp. tomentellum
spiked larkspur - Delphinium stachydeum Suisun th istle - Cirsium hydrophilum var. Temblor buckwheat - Eriogonum temblorense
spikerush sedge - Carex eleocharis hydrophilum ternate buckwheat - Eriogonum ternatum
spi ne-noded m i l k vetch - Peteria thompsoniae Su ksdorf's broom-rape - Orobanche The Cedars fai ry-lantern - Calochortus raichei
spiny abrojo - Condalia globosa var. pubescens ludoviciana var. arenosa The Cedars manzanita - Arctostaphylos bakeri
spiny m i l kwort - Polygala subspinosa Su ksdorf's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus pulsiferae ssp. sublaevis
spiny-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus var. suksdorfii The Lassies lupi ne - Lupinus constancei
kentrophyta var. elatus S u ksdorf's wood-sorrel - Oxalis suksdorfii The Lassies sandwort - Minuartia decumbens
spi ny-sepaled button-celery - Eryngium summer holly - Comarostaphylis diversifolia The Needles buckwheat - Eriogonum
spinosepalum ssp. diversifolia breedlovei var. shevockii
split-hair I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja supple d aisy - Erigeron supp/ex thin-lobed horkelia - Horkelia tenuiloba
schizotricha surf th istle - Cirsium rhothophilum Thompson's beardtongue - Penstemon
spreading navarretia - Navarretia fossalis Susanvi lle beardtongue - Penstemon sudans thompsoniae
spring lessingia - Lessingia tenuis Susanvi l le m i l k-vetch - Astragalus inversus Thorne's buckwheat - Eriogonum ericifolium
Springville clarkia - Clarkia springvillensis swamp harebel l - Campanula californica var. thornei
St. H elena fawn l i ly - Erythronium helenae swamp larkspur - Delphinium uliginosum Thorne's royal l arkspur - Delphinium
starved daisy - Erigeron miser sweet marsh ragwort - Senecio hydrophiloides variegatum ssp. thornei
Stebbi ns's harmonia - Harmonia stebbinsii sweet-smelling monardella - Monardella thorny m i l kwort - Polygala acanthoclada
Stebbi ns's lewisia - Lewisia stebbinsii beneolens thread-leaved beakseed - Bulbostylis capillaris
Stebbins's lomati u m - Lomatium stebbinsii Sweetwater Mountai ns draba - Draba thread-leaved beardtongue - Penstemon
Stebbi ns's monardella - Monardella stebbinsii incrassata filiformis

l Stebbins's morni ng-glory - Calystegia

stebbinsii
Sweetwater M ou ntai ns m i l k-vetch -
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
thread-leaved brodiaea - Brodiaea filifolia
Three Peaks jewel-flower - Streptanthus
Stebbi ns's phacelia - Phacelia stebbinsii sylvan microseris - Microseris sylvatica morrisonii ssp. elatus
stemless l u p i n e - Lupinus lepidus var. Tahoe d raba - Draba asterophora var. three-bracted onion - Allium tribracteatum
utahensis asterophora Thu rber's beardtongue - Penstemon thurberi
Stephens's beardtongue - Penstemon Tahoe sedge - Carex tahoensis Thurber's p i lostyles - Pilostyles thurberi
stephensii Tahoe tonestus - Tonestus eximius Thurber's reed grass - Calamagrostis
sticky dudleya - Dudleya viscida Tahoe yellow cress - Rorippa subumbellata crassiglumis
sticky geraea - Geraea viscida Tahquitz ivesia - /vesia ca/Iida Ti buron buckwheat - Eriogonum luteolum var.
sticky germander - Teucrium glandulosum tall alpine-aster - Oreostemma elatum caninum
sticky pea - Lathyrus glandulosus tall snapdragon - Antirrhinum virga Tiburon I n d ian paintbrush - Castilleja a/finis
sticky pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma lucida tall wool ly-marbles - Psilocarphus elatior ssp. neglecta
stiff lomati u m - Lomatium rigidum talus collomia - Collomia larsenii Tiburon jewel-flower - Streptanthus niger
 3 70 APPEN D IX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

Tiburon mariposa l i ly - Calochortus Tuo l u m ne iris - Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana Warner Mou ntains bedstraw - Galium
tiburonensis Twissel man n's buckwheat Eriogonum - serpenticum ssp. warnerense
Tidestrom's lupine - Lupinus tidestromii twisse/mannii Warner Spri ngs lessi ngia - Lessingia
Tiehm's rock cress - Arabis tiehmii Twisselman n's nemacladus - Nemacladus glandulifera var. tomentosa
timber blue grass - Paa rhizomata twisselmannii wart-stem med ceanoth us - Ceanothus
Tioga Pass sedge - Carex tiogana two-carpel late western flax - Hesperolinon verrucosus
Toiyabe bl uebells Mertensia cusickii
- bicarpellatum water bulrush - Scirpus subterminalis
Tompki ns's sedge - Carex tompkinsii two-flowered pea - Lathyrus biflorus water howel lia - Howellia aquatilis
Tonopah mil k-vetch Astragalus
- two-need le pinyon pine - Pinus edulis Watson's amaranth Amaranthus watsonii
-

pseudiodanthus u m brella larkspur - Delphinium umbraculorum Watson's oxytheca Oxytheca watsonii

-

Torrey pine - Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana U m pqua green-gentian - Swertia umpquaensis wavy-leaved malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa
Torrey's blazing star - Mentzelia torreyi unexpected larkspur - Delphinium inopinum ssp. crispifolia
tough m u h ly - Muhlenbergia arsenei upswept m oonwort - Botrychium ascendens Webber's ivesia - lvesia webberi
Tracy's beardtongue - Penstemon tracyi urn-flowered alumroot - Heuchera elegans Webber's m i l k-vetch Astragalus webberi
-

Tracy's clarkia - Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Utah beardtongue - Penstemon utahensis Wells's manzan ita Arctostaphylos wellsii
-

Tracy's collomia - Collomia tracyi Utah d aisy Erigeron utahensis

- western black currant - Ribes hudsonianum
Tracy's eriastru m - Eriastrum tracyi Utah mon keyflower - Mimulus glabratus ssp. var. petiolare
Tracy's lomati u m - Lomatium tracyi utahensis western bog violet - Viola primulifolia ssp.
Tracy's lupine - Lupinus tracyi Utah mortonia - Mortonia utahensis occidentalis
Tracy's romanzoffia - Romanzoffia tracyi Utah vi ne m i l kweed - Cynanchum utahense western d ichondra - Dichondra occidentalis
Tracy's sanicle - Sanicula tracyi Vail Lake ceanothus - Ceanothus ophiochilus western goblin - Botrychium montanum
Tracy's tarplant - Hemizonia congesta ssp. valley sedge - Carex vallicola western Heermann's buckwheat - Eriogonum
tracyi van i l l a-grass - Hierochloe odorata heermannii var. occidentale
trai l i ng black currant Ribes laxiflorum
- variegated d u d leya Dudleya variegata
- western leatherwood Dirca occidentalis
-

transparent m i l k-vetch - Astragalus iodanthus Vasek's clarkia - Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. western lessi ngia - Lessingia occidentalis
var. diaphanoides calientensis western l i ly - Lilium occidentale
Transverse Range phacelia - Phacelia exilis veiny monardella - Monardella douglasii ssp. western sand-spu rrey - Spergularia canadensis
Trask's cryptantha Cryptantha traskiae
- venosa var. occidentalis
Trask's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus traskiae velvety false lupine - Thermopsis californica western seablite Suaeda occidentalis
-

tree-anemone - Carpenteria californica var. semota western sedge - Carex occidentalis

trifoliate laceflower - Tiarella trifoliata var. Ventura marsh m i l k-vetch - Astragalus western spleenwort Asplenium vespertinum
-

trifoliata pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus western valerian - Valeriano occidentalis

Tri n ity buckwheat - Eriogonum alpinum Verity's d u d l eya - Dudleya verityi Wheeler's spineflower - Chorizanthe wheeleri
Tri n ity Mou ntains rock cress - Arabis vernal barley - Hordeum intercedens Wh ipple's m o n keyflower - Mimulus whipplei
rigidissima var. rigidissima vernal pool smal lscale - Atriplex persistens white beaked-rush - Rhynchospora alba
Tri n ity Mountains triteleia Triteleia crocea
- Victor's gooseberry - Ribes victoris white bear poppy - Arctomecon merriarnii
var. modesta Vine H i l l ceanoth us - Ceanothus foliosus var. White Mou ntains draba - Draba monoensis
triple-ribbed mil k-vetch - Astragalus tricarinatus vineatus White Mou ntains h orkelia - Horkelia
tripod buckwheat - Eriogonum tripodum Vine H i l l clarkia Clarkia imbricata
- hispidula
True's manzanita - Arctostaphylos mewukka Vine H i l l manzanita - Arctostaphylos densiflora white sedge - Carex albida
ssp. truei violet twi n i ng snapd ragon - Maurandya wh ite-bracted spineflower - Chorizanthe xanti
tru m pet-throated gi lia Cilia tenuiflora ssp.
- antirrhiniflora ssp. antirrhiniflora var. leucotheca
amplifaucalis virgate eriastrum - Eriastrum virgatum white-felted I n d ian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
tufted saxifrage - Saxifraga cespitosa virgate halimolobos - Halima/obos virgata lanata ssp. hololeuca
Tu lare cam pion Silene aperta
- viviparous foxtail cactus - Coryphantha white-flowered rabbitbrush - Chrysothamnus
Tu lare Cou nty bleed ing heart - Dicentra vivipara var. rosea albidus
nevadensis volcanic daisy - Erigeron elegantulus white-flowered rei n orchid - Piperia candida
Tu lare County buckwheat - Eriogonurn Vollmer's l i ly - Lilium parda/inum ssp. vollrneri white-haired manzanita - Arctostaphylos
polypodum Vortriede's spineflower Systenotheca
- viridissima
Tu lare Cou nty rock cress Arabis pygmaea
- vortriedei white-leaved cinquefoil - Potentilla gracilis var.
Tu lare cryptantha - Cryptantha incana Waldo buckwheat Eriogonum pendulum
- pulcherrima
Tuo l u m ne button-celery - Eryngiurn Waldo daisy - Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus white-margined beardtongue Pensternon
-

pinnatisectum Waldo rock cress - Arabis aculeolata albomarginatus

Tuo l u m n e fawn l i ly - Erythronium Walker Pass m i l k-vetch - Astragalus ertterae white-margin ed everlasti ng - Antennaria
tuolumnense Wallace's n ightshade - Solanum wallacei marginata
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N N A M E 371

white-margi ned oxytheca - Oxytheca woolly balsam root Balsamorhiza hookeri var.
- yellow ivesia - lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
emarginata lanata yellow larkspur - Delphinium luteum
white-rayed pentachaeta - Pentachaeta woolly meadowfoam - Limnanthes f/occosa yel low triteleia - Triteleia crocea var. crocea
bellidiflora ssp. floccosa yellow wi l lowherb Epilobium luteum
-

white-ste m m ed clarkia - Clarkia gracilis ssp. wool ly mou ntain-parsley - Oreonana vestita yellow-flowered eriastrum - Eriastrum luteum
albicaulis woolly seabl ite Suaeda taxifolia
- yellowish lousewort - Pedicularis bracteosa
white-stem med pondweed - Potamogeton woolly stenotus - Stenotus lanuginosus var. flavida
praelongus woolly violet Viola tomentosa
- yellow-tubered toothwort - Cardamine
Whitney's farewell-to-spring - Clarkia woolly-headed gilia Cilia capitata ssp.
- nuttallii var. gemmata
amoena ssp. whitneyi tomentosa yerba desierto - Fend/ere/la utahensis
Wiggins's cholla - Opuntia wir,ginsii woolly-headed lessingia Lessingia hololeuca- Yolla Bolly Mtns. bird's-foot trefoil - Lotus
Wiggi ns's croton - Croton wir,ginsii woolly-headed spineflower - Chorizanthe yollabolliensis
Wiggins's l i ly - Lilium parda/inum ssp. wir,ginsii cuspidata var. vi//osa Yosem ite even i ng-pri m rose Camissonia
-

Wi l d rose Canyon buckwheat Eriogonum - woolly-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus whitneyi sierrae ssp. sierrae
eremicola var. lenophyllus Yosemite ivesia - lvesia unguiculata
Wil kin's harebel l - Campanula wilkinsiana Wooton's lace fern - Cheilanthes wootonii Yosemite lewisia - Lewisia disepala
Williams's combleaf- Po!yctenium williamsiae Wright's bedstraw - Galium wrightii Yosem ite on ion Allium yosemitense
-

wi llowy monardella - Monardella linoides ssp. Wright's hymenothrix - Hymenothrix wrightii Yosemite popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
viminea Wright's trichocoron is Trichocoronis wrightii
- torreyi var. torreyi
winged cryptantha - Cryptantha holoptera var. wrightii Yosem ite tarplant -jensiayosemitana
winged dock - Rumex venosus Yadon's rei n orchid Piperia yadonii
- Yosem ite woolly sunfl ower - Eriophyllum
winged-seed draba - Draba pterosperma Yadon's wal l flower - Erysimum menziesii ssp. nubigenum
Wolf's cholla - Opuntia wolfii yadonii Yreka phlox Phlox hirsuta
-

Wolf's even i ng-pri m rose Oenothera wolfii

- Yaki ma bird's-beak Cordylanthus capitatus
- Yucaipa onion - Allium marvinii
wolftai l - Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides yel low bur navarretia Navarretia prolifera
- Ziegler's aster - Machaeranthera canescens var.
wood nym ph - Moneses uniflora ssp. lutea ziegleri

L
 [
Plants by Famil y
APPEN D IX V

he following l ist incl ude all plants on C NPS Lists 1 through 4, arranged alphabetically by family.

Acanthaceae Lomatium grayi Cynanchum utahense Blennosperma nanum var.

Lomatium hendersonii Mate/ea parvifolia robustum
Carlowrightia arizonica Lomatium hooveri Blepharizonia plumosa ssp.
Lomatium howellii Aspleniaceae plumosa
Alismataceae Lomatium insulare Calycadenia hooveri
Lomatium martindalei Asplenium septentrionale Calycadenia oppositifolia
Alisma gramineum Lomatium observatorium Asplenium trichomanes ssp. Calycadenia villosa
Sagittaria sanfordii Lomatium parvifolium trichomanes Carlquistia muirii
Lomatium peckianum Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
Amaranthaceae Lomatium raven11 Asplenium vespertinum Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Lomatium repostum Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Amaranthus watsonii Lomatium rigidum Chaenactis carphoclinia var.
Asteraceae
Lomatium shevockii peirsoni1
Lomatium stebbinsii Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina
Anacardiaceae Ageratina herbacea
Lomatium tracy1 Chaenactis glabriuscula var.
Ageratina shastensis
Oreonana purpurascens orcuttiana
Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Ambrosia chenopodiifolia
Oreonana vestita Chaenactis parishii
Ambrosia pumila
Osmorhiza depauperata Chaenactis suffrutescens
Apiaceae Anisocarpus scabridus
Perideridia bacigalupii Chaetadelpha wheeleri
Antennaria f/agellaris
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Chrysothamnus albidus
Ammoselinum giganteum Antennaria marginata
Perideridia leptocarpa Chrysothamnus gramineus
Angelica cal/ii Antennaria pulchella
Perideridia parishii ssp. parishii Chrysothamnus greenei
Angelica kingii Antennaria suffrutescens
Perideridia pringlei Cirsium andrewsii
Angelica lucida Amica cemua
Podistera nevadensis Cirsium ciliolatum
Cymopterus deserticola Amica fulgens
Sanicula hoffmannii Cirsium crassicaule
Cymopterus gilmanii Amica spathulata
Sanicula maritima Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides Amica venosa
Sanicula peckiana Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale
Eryngium aristulatum var. hooven Amica viscosa
Sanicula saxatilis Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii Artemisia nesiotica
Sanicula tracyi Cirsium hydrophilum var.
Eryngium constancei Artemisia palmeri
Spermolepis echinata hydrophilum
Eryngium pendletonensis Aster greatae
Tauschia glauca Cirsium hydrophilum var. vaseyi
Eryngium pinnatisectum Aster lentus
Tauschia howellii Cirsium loncholepis
Eryngium racemosum Baccharis malibuensis
Cirsium occidentale var.
Eryngium spinosepalum Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata
Aristolochiaceae compactum
Glehnia /ittoralis ssp. leiocarpa Baccharis plummerae ssp.
Cirsium praeteriens
Lilaeopsis masonii plummerae
Asarum marmoratum Cirsium rhothophilum
Lomatium congdonii Baccharis vanessae
Coreopsis hamiltonii
Lomatium engelmannii Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lanata
Coreopsis maritima
Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. Asclepiadaceae Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Corethrogyne filaginifolia var.
inyoense macrolepis
incana
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula Balsamorhiza sericea
Corethrogyne filaginifolia var.
macdougalii Asclepias nyctaginifolia Balsamorhiza serrata
linifolia
Asclepias solanoana Blennosperma bakeri

372
 A P P E N D I X V : P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY 373

Corethrogyne leucophylla Eriophyllum lanatum var. Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii obovatum macrantha Pseudobahia peirsonii
Deinandra arida Eriophyllum latilobum Layia carnosa Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Deinandra bacigalupii Eriophyllum mohavense Layia discoidea multiflorus
Deinandra clementina Eriophyllum nevinii Layia heterotricha Psilocarphus elatior
Deinandra conjugens Eriophyllum nubigenum Layiajonesii Pyrrocoma lucida
Deinandra floribunda Geraea viscida Layia leucopappa Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta
Deinandra halliana Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Layia munzii Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii Layia septentrionalis pinetorum
Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lessingia arachnoidea Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina
Deinandra minthornii Harmonia doris-nilesiae Lessingia germanorum Raillardella pringlei
Deinandra mohavensis Harmonia ha/Iii Lessingia glandulifera var. Sanvitalia abertii
Deinandra paniculata Harmonia nutans tomentosa Saussurea americana
Dimeresia howellii Harmonia stebbinsii Lessingia hololeuca Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora
Enceliopsis covillei Hazardia cana Lessingia micradenia var. glabrata Senecio aphanactis
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Hazardia detonsa Lessingia micradenia var. Senecio bernardinus
corrugata Hazardia orcuttii micradenia Senecio blochmaniae
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Helianthel/a castanea Lessingia occidentalis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
nudicaulis Helianthus exilis Lessingia tenuis Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Ericameria cuneata var. Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes Machaeranthera asteroides var. Senecio clevelandii var.
macrocephala Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii lagunensis heterophyllus
Ericameria fasciculata Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata Machaeranthera canescens var. Senecio eurycephalus var. lewisrosei
Ericameria gilmanii Hemizonia congesta ssp. ziegleri Senecio ganderi
Ericameria nana /eucocephala Machaeranthera gracilis Senecio hydrophiloides
Ericameria ophitidis Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Machaerantherajuncea Senecio indecorus
Ericameria palmeri ssp. palmeri Hesperevax caulescens Madia radiata Senecio ionophyllus
Erigeron aequifolius Hesperevax sparsiflora var. brevifolia Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Senecio layneae
Erigeron angustatus Heterotheca monarchensis Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa Senecio macounii
Erigeron biolettii Heterotheca shevockii Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii Senecio pattersonensis
Erigeron blochmaniae Holocarpha macradenia Malacothrix foliosa ssp. Solidago gigantea
Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata polycephala Solidago guiradonis
Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus Hu/sea brevifolia Malacothrix incana Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
Erigeron calvus Hu/sea californica Malacothrix indecora nitrophila
Erigeron cervinus Hu/sea mexicana Malacothrixjunakii Stebbinsoseris decipiens
Erigeron compactus var. compactus Hu/sea nana Malacothrix phaeocarpa Stenotus lanuginosus
Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha Malacothrix saxatilis var. Stephanomeria blairii
Erigeron disparipilus Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis arachnoidea Stylocline citroleum
Erigeron elegantulus Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Stylocline masonii
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi Malacothrix squalida Stylocline sonorensis
Erigeron inornatus var. keilii Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Malperia tenuis Syntrichopappus lemmonii
Erigeron mariposanus Hymenopappus filifolius var. Micropus amphibolus Taraxacum californicum
Erigeron miser nan us Microseris borealis Tetradymia argyraea
Erigeron multiceps Hymenothrix wrightii Microseris douglasii var. Tetradymia tetrameres
Erigeron nevadincola Hymenoxys lemmonii platycarpha Tonestus eximius
Erigeron parishii lsocoma arguta Microseris paludosa Tonestus !ya/Iii
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Microseris sylvatica Tonestus peirsonii
Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica Monolopia congdonii Townsendia condensata
Erigeron sanctarum Iva acerosa Oreostemma elatum Townsendia leptotes
Erigeron serpentinus Iva hayesiana Palafoxia arida var. gigantea Townsendia parryi
Erigeron supp/ex Iva nevadensis Pentachaeta aurea Tracyina rostrata
Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis jensiayosemitana Pentachaeta bellidiflora Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Erigeron utahensis Lasthenia burkei Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica Trimorpha acris var. debilis
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Lasthenia conjugens Pentachaeta fragilis Verbesina dissita
tanacetiflorum Lasthenia ferrisiae Pentachaeta lyonii Viguiera laciniata
Eriophyllum congdonii Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Perityle inyoensis Wyethia elata
EriophyllumJepsonii Lasthenia lepta/ea Perityle vil/osa Wyethia longicaulis
Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Wyethia reticulata
374 A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY

Xylorhiza cognata Plagiobothrys diffusus Draba asterophora var. asterophora Streptanthus brachiatus ssp.
Xylorhiza orcuttii Plagiobothrys glaber Draba asterophora var. macrocarpa brachiatus
Plagiobothrys g!yptocarpus var. Draba aureola Streptanthus brachiatus ssp.
Azo l l aceae modestus Draba breweri var. cana hoffmanii
Plagiobothrys hystriculus Draba californica Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis
Azolla mexicana Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Oraba carnosula Streptanthus callistus
Plagiobothrys mol/is var. vestitus Draba corrugata var. saxosa Streptanthus campestris
Plagiobothrys myosotoides Draba cruciata Streptanthus cordatus var. piutensis
Berberidaceae
Plagiobothrys parishii Draba howel/ii Streptanthus drepanoides
Plagiobothrys salsus Draba incrassata Streptanthus farnsworthianus
Berberis fremontii
Plagiobothrys stridus Draba lonchocarpa var. Streptanthus fenestratus
Berberis nevinii
Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi lonchocarpa Streptanthus glandulosus ssp.
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Plagiobothrys uncinatus Draba monoensis pulchellus
Vancouveria chrysantha
Draba praealta Streptanthus glandulosus var.
Brassicaceae Draba pterosperma hoffmanii
�
Betu laceae Draba sharsmithii Streptanthus gracilis
Arabis aculeolata Draba sierrae Streptanthus hispidus
Betula pumila var. glandulifera Draba subumbel/ata Streptanthus howellii
Arabis blepharophylla
Arabis bodiensis Erysimum ammophilum Streptanthus insignis ssp. lyonii
Boragi naceae Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria Erysimum capitatum ssp. Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus
Arabis cobrensis angustatum Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
Amsinckia grandiflora Arabis constancei Erysimum capitatum ssp. hirtiflorus
Amsinckia lunaris Arabis dispar lompocense Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Arabis fernaldiana var. stylosa Erysimum franciscanum kruckebergii
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita Arabis hirshbergiae Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
Cryptantha clokeyi Arabis hoffmannii Erysimum insulare ssp. morrisonii
Cryptantha costata ArabisJohnstonii suffrutescens Streptanthus niger
Cryptantha crinita Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense Streptanthus oliganthus
Cryptantha crymophila Arabis macdonaldiana Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii Thelypodium brachycarpum
Cryptantha excavata Arabis microphylla var. microphylla Erysimum menziesii ssp. yadonii Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Cryptantha ganderi Arabis modesta Erysimum teretifolium Thelypodium integrifolium ssp.
Cryptantha glomeriflora Arabis oregana Halimolobos virgata complanatum
Cryptantha holoptera Arabis parishii Lepidium flavum var. felipense Thelypodium mil/eflorum
Cryptantha hooveri Arabis pinzlae Lepidium jaredii ssp. album Thelypodium stenopetalum
Cryptantha incana Arabis pulchra var. munciensis Lepidium jaredii ssp. jaredii Thlaspi californicum
Cryptantha mariposae Arabis pygmaea Lepidium latipes var. heckardii Thysanocarpus conchuliferus
Cryptantha rattanii Arabis repanda var. greenei Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Tropidocarpum capparideum
Cryptantha roosiorum Arabis rigidissima var. demota Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina Twisselmannia californica
Cryptantha scoparia Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri
Cryptantha traskiae Arabis shockleyi Physaria chambersii Bruchianaceae
Cryptantha tumulosa Arabis tiehmii Po/ydenium fremontii var.
Hackelia amethystina Cardamine bel/idifolia var. fremontii Bruchia bolanderi
Hackelia brevicula pachyphylla Polyctenium wil/iamsiae
Hackelia cusickii Cardamine nuttal/ii var. gemmata Rorippa columbiae
Rorippa gambelii Bryaceae
Hackelia sharsmithii Cardamine pachystigma var.
Harpagonel/a palmeri dissedifolia Rorippa subumbel/ata
Anomobryum filiforme
Lithospermum incisum Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. Sibara deserti
Mielichhoferia elongata
Mertensia be/la barbarae Sibara fi/ifolia
Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Mertensia cusickii Caulanthus californicus Sibaropsis hammittii
Pohlia tundrae
Mertensia longiflora Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Smelowskia ova/is var. congesta
Schizymenium schevockii
Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena Caulanthus major var. nevadensis Stanleya viridiflora
Mertensia oblongifolia var. Caulanthus simulans Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus
oblongifolia Streptanthus albidus ssp. Bu rseraceae
Caulostramina jaegeri
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Cochlearia officinalis var. ardica peramoenus
chorisianus Streptanthus barbiger Bursera microphylla
Cusickiella quadricostata
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Dithyrea maritima Streptanthus batrachopus
hickmanii Streptanthus bernardinus
 A P P E N D I X V: P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 375

Cactaceae Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa Suaeda occidentalis Dudleya virens ssp. insularis
Arenaria macradenia var. kuschei Suaeda taxifolia Dudleya virens ssp. virens
Bergerocactus emoryi Arenaria paludicola Dudleya viscida
Carnegiea gigantea Arenaria ursina Sedella leiocarpa
Coryphantha a/versonii Cistaceae
Loef/ingia squarrosa var. Sedum a/bomarginatum
Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea artemisiarum Sedum divergens
Helianthemum greenei
Echinocereus engelmannii var. Minuartia decumbens Sedum eastwoodiae
H. suffrutescens
howei Minuartia howellii Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Ferocactus viridescens Minuartia obtusiloba Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada Convolvu l aceae Sedum niveum
Minuartia rosei
Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei Minuartia stolonifera Sedum oblanceolatum
Opuntia californica var. californica Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp.
Paronychia ahartii Sedum paradisum
Opuntia curvospina buttensis
Silene aperta Sedum pinetorum
Opuntia fragilis Calystegia co/Jina ssp. oxyphylla
Silene campanulata ssp.
Opuntia munzii Calystegia co/Jina ssp. venusta
campanulata Crossosomataceae
Opuntia pulchella Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Silene marmorensis
Opuntia wigginsii amplissima
Silene occidentalis ssp. Crossosoma californicum
Opuntia wolfii Calystegia ma/acophylla var. berryi
longistipitata Glossopetalon pungens
Sclerocactusjohnsonii Calystegia peirsonii
Silene oregana
Sclerocactus polyancistrus Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Silene suksdorfii
Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Cupressaceae
Silene verecunda ssp.
Calystegia stebbinsii
Cam panu laceae verecunda
Calystegia subacaulis ssp. Cupressus abramsiana
Spergularia canadensis var.
episcopalis Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis
Campanula californica occidentalis
Convolvulus simulans Cupressus bakeri
Campanula exigua Stellaria littoralis
Dichondra occidentalis Cupressus forbesii
Campanula scabrel/a Stellaria longifolia
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana
Campanula sharsmithiae Stellaria obtusa
Crassu I aceae Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea
Campanula shetleri
Cupressus macrocarpa
Campanula wilkinsiana
Celastraceae Dudleya abramsii ssp. affinis Cupressus nootkatensis
Downingia concolor var. brevior
Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae Cupressus stephensonii
Downingia laeta Mortonia utahensis
Downingia pusilla Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina
Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis Dudleya alainae Cyperaceae
Githopsis pulchella ssp. Chenopodiaceae Dudleya attenuata ssp. orcuttii
serpentinicola Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Bulbostylis capillaris
Aphanisma blitoides blochmaniae Carex albida
Githopsis tenella
Atriplex argentea var. hillmanii Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. insularis Carex arcta
Howellia aquatilis
Atriplex cordulata Dudleya brevifolia Carex atherodes
Legenere limosa
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Dudleya calcicola Carex buxbaumii
Nemacladus gracilis
Atriplex coronata var. notatior Dudleya candelabrum Carex californica
Nemacladus twisselmannii
Atriplex coulteri Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis Carex comosa
Atriplex depressa Dudleya cymosa ssp. costafolia Carex congdonii
Capparaceae Atriplex erecticaulis Dudleya cymosa ssp. crebrifolia Carex dal)'i
Atriplex gardneri var. falcata Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens Carex eleocharis
Cleomella brevipes Atriplexjoaquiniana Oudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Carex geyeri
Cleomella hillmanii Atriplex minuscula Dudleya densiflora Carexgigas
Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Atriplex pacifica Dudleya gnoma Carex halliana
Atriplex parish ii Dudleya greenei Carex hystericina
Capri fo l iaceae Atriplex persistens Dudleya multicaulis Carex incurviformis var. danaensis
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Dudleya nesiotica Carex inops ssp. inops
Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Atriplex subtilis Dudleya parva Carex lasiocarpa
Viburnum ellipticum Atriplex tularensis Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa. Carex lepta/ea
Atriplex vallicola Dudleya setchellii Carex limosa
Caryo phyl laceae Chenopodium simplex Dudleya stolonifera Carex livida
Nitrophila mohavensis Dudleya traskiae Carex lyngbyei
Arenaria congesta var. Suaeda californica Dudleya variegata Carex norvegica
charlestonensis Suaeda esteroa Dudleya verityi Carex obispoensis
376 A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y FA M I LY

Carex occidentalis Em petraceae Arctostaphylos pa/Iida Tetracoccus ilicifolius

Carex parryana var. ha/Iii Arctostaphylos parryana ssp. Tragia ramosa
Carex petasata Ernpetrurn nigrurn ssp. tumescens
Carex praticola herrnaphroditurn Arctostaphylos pechoensis Fabaceae
Carex saliniforrnis Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp.
Carex scirpoidea ssp. Eq u isetaceae peninsularis Arnorpha californica var. napensis
pseudoscirpoidea Arctostaphylos pilosula Astragalus agnicidus
Carex scoparia Equiseturn palustre Arctostaphylos purnila Astragalus agrestis
Carex serpenticola Arctostaphylos purissirna Astragalus albens
Carex sheldonii Ericaceae Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Astragalus allochrous var. playanus
Carex tahoensis Arctostaphylos refugioensis Astragalus anxius
Carex tiogana Arctostaphylos andersonii Arctostaphylos regisrnontana Astragalus argophyllus var.
Carex tornpkinsii Arctostaphylos auriculata Arctostaphylos rudis argophyllus
Carex vallicola Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri Arctostaphylos silvicola Astragalus atratus var. mensanus
Carex viridula var. viridula Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. sublaevis Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Astragalus bicristatus
Carex vulpinoidea Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. decurnbens Astragalus brauntonii
Eleocharis parvula sonornensis Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Astragalus breweri
Eleocharis quadrangulata Arctostaphylos catalinae raichei Astragalus cirnae var. cirnae
Firnbristylis therrnalis Arctostaphylos confertiflora Arctostaphylos tornentosa ssp. Astragalus cimae var. sufflatus
Kobresia bellardii Arctostaphylos cruzensis daciticola Astragalus clarianus
Rhynchospora alba Arctostaphylos densiflora Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Astragalus clevelandii
Rhynchospora californica Arctostaphylos edrnundsii eastwoodiana Astragalus crotalariae
Rhynchospora capitellata Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Astragalus deanei
Rhynchospora globularis var. Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. insulicola Astragalus didymocarpus var.
globularis crassifolia Arctostaphylos tornentosa ssp. milesianus
Schoenus nigricans Arctostaphylos glutinosa subcordata Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus
Scirpus heterochaetus Arctostaphylos hispidula Arctostaphylos virgata Astragalus ertterae
Scirpus pendulus Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Arctostaphylos viridissirna Astragalus funereus
Scirpus purnilus franciscana Arctostaphylos wellsii Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
Scirpus subterrnina/is Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Cornarostaphylis diversifolia ssp. Astragalus gilrnanii
hearstiorurn diversifolia Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii
Dicran aceae Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri Moneses uniflora Astragalus inversus
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia Astragalus inyoensis
Atractylocarpus f/agellaceus rnontana Pityopus californicus Astragalus iodanthus var.
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii Pyrola chlorantha diaphanoides
Arctostaphylos hooveri Vacciniurn coccineum Astragalusjaegerianus
Discel iaceae Vacciniurn scoparium
Arctostaphylos irnbricata Astragalusjohannis-howellii
Disceliurn nudurn Arctostaphylos klarnathensis Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Arctostaphylos luciana Euphorbiaceae Astragalus kentrophyta var. elatus
Arctostaphylos rnalloryi Astragalus lemmonii
Ditrachaceae Arctostaphylos rnanzanita ssp. Chamaesyce abramsiana Astragalus lentiformis
elegans Chamaesyce arizonica Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Trichodon cylindricus Arctostaphylos rnanzanita ssp. Chamaesyce hooveri antonius
laevigata Charnaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii Astragalus lentiginosus var.
D roseraceae Arctostaphylos rnendocinoensis Chamaesyce parryi borreganus
Arctostaphylos rnewukka ssp. truei Chamaesyce platysperma Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Orosera anglica Arctostaphylos rnontaraensis Chamaesyce revoluta coachellae
Arctostaphylos rnontereyensis Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Dryopteridaceae Arctostaphylos rnorroensis Croton wigginsii kernensis
Arctostaphylos rnyrtifolia Oitaxis clariana Astragalus lentiginosus var. rnicans
Dryopteris filix-rnas Arctostaphylos nissenana Ditaxis serrata var. californica Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Polystichurn kruckebergii Arctostaphylos nortensis Euphorbia exstipulata var. piscinensis
Polystichurn lonchitis Arctostaphylos obispoensis exstipulata Astragalus lentiginosus var.
Woodsia plurnrnerae Arctostaphylos osoensis Euphorbia rnisera sesquimetralis
Arctostaphylos otayensis Tetracoccus dioicus Astragalus lentiginosus var. sierrae
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Tetracoccus ha/Iii Astragalus leucolobus
 APPENDIX V: P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 377

Astragalus macrodon Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae Rupertia rigida Centiana setigera
Astragalus magdalenae peirsonii
var. Lotus dendroideus var. veatchii Senna covesii Swertia albomarginata
Astragalus miguelensis Lotus haydonii Thermopsis californica var. Swertia neglecta
Astragalus mohavensis var. Lotus nutta/lianus argentata Swertia umpquaensis
hemigyrus Lotus oblongifoliusvar. cupreus Thermopsis californica semota
var.

Astragalus monoensis var.monoensis Lotus rubrif/orus Thermopsis gracilis gracilis

var.
Geran iaceae
Astragalus monoensis var.ravenii Lotusyollabolliensis Thermopsis macrophylla
Astragalus nevinii Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii Thermopsis robusta Erodium macrophyllum
Astragalus nutans Lupinus antoninus Trifolium amoenum
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Lupinus cervinus Trifolium andersonii andersonii
var.
Grossulariaceae
Astragalus oocarpus Lupinus citrinus var.citrinus Trifolium bolanderi
Astragalus oophorus var.lavinii Lupinus citrinus var.def/exus Trifolium buckwestiorum Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii
Astragalus oophorus oophorus
var. Lupinus constancei Trifo/ium dedeckerae Ribes canthariforme
Astragalus pachypus jaegeri
var. Lupinus croceus var.pilose/Ius Trifolium depauperatum var.
Ribes divaricatum parishii
var.
Astragalus pauperculus Lupinus dalesiae hydrophilum Ribes hudsonianum petiolare
var.
Astragalus platytropis Lupinus duranii Trifolium gracilentum palmeri
var.
Ribes laxiflorum
Astragalus preussii var. laxif/orus Lupinus elatus Trifolium gymnocarpon var.
Ribes marshal/ii
Astragalus preussii var. preussii Lupinus elmeri plummerae
Ribes menziesii var.ixoderme
Astragalus pseudiodanthus Lupin us excubitus Johnstonii
var. Trifolium howellii
Ribes roezliivar. amictum
Astragalus pulsiferae var.pulsiferae Lupinus excubitus var. medius Trifolium jokerstii
Ribes sericeum
Astragalus pulsiferae var.suksdorfii Lupinus eximius Trifolium lemmonii
Ribes thacherianum
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lupinus gracilentus Trifolium polyodon
Ribes tularense
lanosissimus Lupinus guadalupensis Trifolium trichocalyx
Ribes viburnifolium
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lupinus holmgrenanus Ribes victoris
pycnostachyus Lupinus lapidicola Fagaceae
Astragalus rattanii jepsonianus
var. Lupinus latifoliusvar. barbatus
Astragalus rattanii rattanii Lupin us lepidus culbertsonii Helodiaceae
var. var.
Quercus cedrosensis
Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi Lupin us lepidus var.utahensis Quercus dumosa
Astragalus shevockii Lupinus ludovicianus He/odium blandowii
Quercus durata var.gabrielensis
Astragalus subvestitus Lupinus magnificus var. glarecola Quercus engelmannii
Astragalus tener var.ferrisiae Lupinus magnificus var. hesperius Quercus pacifica Hyd rophyl l aceae
Astragalus tener var.tener Lupinus magnificus var. magnificus Quercus parvula var.parvula
Astragalus tener var.titi Lupinus milo-bakeri Quercus parvula var.tamalpaisensis Eriodictyon altissimum
Astragalus traskiae Lupinus nevadensis Quercus tomente/la Eriodictyon angustifolium
Astragalus tricarinatus Lupinus nipomensis Quercus turbine/la Eriodictyon capitatum
Astragalus umbraticus Lupinus padre-crowleyi Nama dichotomum var.

Astragalus webberi Lupinus peirsonii dichotomum

Fissidentaceae Nama stenocarpum
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Lupinus pusi/lus var. intermontanus
Calliandra eriophylla Lupinus sericatus Nemophila brevif/ora
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Cercidium microphyllum Lupinus spectabilis Nemophila parvif/ora quercifolia
var.
Fissidens pauperculus
Dalea ornata Lupinus tidestromii Phacelia amabilis
Hoita strobilina Lupinus tracyi Phacelia anelsonii
Lathyrus bif/orus Lupinus uncialis Frankeniaceae Phacelia argentea
Lathyrus delnorticus Marina orcuttii var.orcuttii Phacelia ciliatavar. opaca
Lathyrus glandulosus Oxytropis def/exa var. sericea Frankenia palmeri Phacelia cinerea
LathyrusJaponicus Oxytropis oreophila oreophila
var. Phacelia coerulea
LathyrusJepsonii Jepsonii
va r. Oxytropis parryi Fu nariaceae Phacelia cookei
Lathyrus palustris Pediomelum castoreum Phacelia dalesiana
Lathyrus rigidus Peteria thompsoniae Entosthodon kochii Phacelia exilis
Lathyrus splendens Phaseolus filiformis Phacelia f/oribunda
Lathyrus sulphureus argillaceus
var. Psoralidium lanceolatum Gentianaceae Phacelia greenei
Lotus argophyllus var.adsurgens Psorothamnus arborescens var. Phacelia gymnoclada
Lotus argophyllus var. niveus arborescens Gentiana affinis var.parvidentata Phacelia insularis var.continentis
Lotus argyraeus multicaulis
var. Psorothamnus fremontii var.
Gentiana fremontii Phacelia insularis var.insularis
Lotus argyraeus notitius
var. attenuatus Centiana plurisetosa Phacelia inundata
Lotus crassifolius otayensis
var. Robinia neomexicana Gentiana prostrata Phacelia inyoensis
Lotus dendroideus dendroideus
var. Rupertia ha/Iii Phacelia leonis
 378 A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY

Phacelia mohavensis Lam iaceae Teucrium glandulosum Brodiaea pa/Iida

Phacelia monoensis Trichostema austromontanum ssp. Calochortus catalinae
Phacelia mustelina Acanthomintha duttonii compactum Calochortus clavatus var. avius
Phacelia nashiana Acanthomintha ilicifolia Trichostema micranthum Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus
Phacelia novenmillensis Acanthomintha lanceolata Trichostema ovatum Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis
Phacelia orogenes Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Trichostema rubisepalum Calochortus clavatus var.
Phacelia parishii cordata recurvifolius
Phacelia peirsoniana Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Calochortus dunnii
obovata Lem n aceae
Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri Calochortus excavatus
Phacelia phacelioides Hedeoma nanum var. californicum Calochortus greenei
Wolffia brasiliensis
Phacelia pulchella var. gooddingii Lepechinia cardiophylla Calochortus longebarbatus var.
Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa Lepechinia fragrans /ongebarbatus
Lepechinia ganderi Len n oaceae
Phacelia stebbinsii Calochortus monanthus
Phacelia stellaris Lycopus uniflorus Calochortus obispoensis
Monarda pectinata Pholisma sonorae
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii Calochortus palmeri var. munzii
Pholistoma auritum var. Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
arizonicum Monardella antonina ssp. Lenti b u lariaceae Calochortus panamintensis
Romanzoffia tra<yi benitensis Calochortus persistens
Monardella beneolens Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras Calochortus plummerae
Monardella candicans Utricularia intermedia Calochortus pulchellus
l ri d aceae Monardella cinerea Utricularia minor Calochortus raichei
Monardella crispa Utricularia ochroleuca Calochortus simulans
Iris bracteata Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa
Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana Calochortus striatus
Monardella follettii Lil iaceae Calochortus syntrophus
Iris innominata Monardella frutescens
Iris munzii Calochortus tiburonensis
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata Agave shawii Calochortus umbellatus
Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Monardella leucocephala
Sisyrinchium funereum Agave utahensis var. eborispina Calochortus weedii var. intermedius
Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga Agave utahensis var. nevadensis Calochortus weedii var. vestus
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens Calochortus westonii
J uglandaceae Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii Allium atrorubens var. cristatum Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Monardella nana ssp. leptosiphon Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Chlorogalum pomeridianum var.
Jug/ans californica Monardella palmeri Allium hickmanii minus
Jug/ans hindsii Monardella pringlei Chlorogalum purpureum var.
Allium hoffmanii
Monardella robisonii Allium howellii var. clokeyi purpureum
j u ncaceae Monardella stebbinsii Allium Jepsonii Chlorogalum purpureum var.
Monardella undulata Allium marvinii reductum
Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Allium munzii Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum
Juncus cooperi Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola Allium nevadense Erythronium citrinum var.
juncus dudleyi Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Allium parishii roderickii
Juncus duranii Pogogyne abramsii A Ilium peninsulare var. Erythronium helenae
Juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Pogogyne clareana franciscanum Erythronium hendersonii
Juncus leiospermus var. ahartii Pogogyne floribunda Allium sanbornii var. congdonii Erythronium howellii
Juncus /eiospermus var. leiospermus Pogogyne nudiuscula A Ilium sanbornii var. sanbornii Erythronium klamathense
Juncus marginatus var. marginatus Poliomintha incana Allium sharsmithae Erythronium pluriflorum
Juncus nodosus Salvia brandegeei Allium shevockii Erythronium pusaterii
Juncus regelii Salvia dorrii var. incana Allium siskiyouense Erythronium revolutum
Juncus supiniformis Salvia eremostachya Allium tribracteatum Erythronium taylorii
Salvia fimerea Allium tuolumnense Erythronium tuolumnense
Salvia greatae Alliumyosemitense Fritillaria agrestis
j u n cagi n aceae
Salvia munzii Androstephium breviflorum Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana
Triglochin palustris Satureja chandleri Bloomeria humilis Fritillaria brandegei
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Fritillaria eastwoodiae
austromontana Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Fritillaria falcata
Koeberli n i aceae Scutellaria galericulata Brodiaea filifolia Fritillaria /anceo/ata var. tristulis
Scutellaria holmgreniorum Brodiaea insignis Fritillaria liliacea
Koeberlinia spinosa ssp. tenuispina Scutellaria lateriflora Brodiaea kinkiensis Fritillaria ojaiensis
Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa Brodiaea orcuttii Fritillaria pinetorum
 A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 379

Fritillaria pluriflora Hesperolinon serpentinum Sidalcea keckii Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
Fritillaria purdyi Hesperolinon tehamense Sida/cea malachroides Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
Fritillaria roderickii Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. patula Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp.
Fritillaria striata Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. purpurea quadriperforata
Loasaceae
Fritillaria viridea Sidalcea neomexicana Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi
Lilium bolanderi Eucnide rupestris Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia Clarkia australis
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Mentzelia eremophila Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophi/a Clarkia biloba ssp. australis
Lifium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Mentzelia hirsutissima Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Lilium kelloggii Mentzelia torreyi Sidalcea pedata Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
Lilium maritimum Mentzelia tridentata Sidalcea robusta Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
Lilium occidentale Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii Sidalcea stipularis C/arkia breweri
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp. Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa
Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri grossulariifolia Clarkia concinna ssp. raichei
Lycopod i aceae Sphaeralcea munroana Clarkia delicata
Lilium pardalinum ssp. wigginsii
Lilium parryi Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola Clarkia exilis
Lycopodiella inundata
Lilium rubescens C/arkia franciscana
Lycopodium c/avatum
Lilium washingtonianum ssp. M artyn iaceae Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis
purpurascens Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi
Mui/la clevelandii M alvaceae Proboscidea althaeifolia Clarkia imbricata
Mui/la coronata C/arkiajolonensis
Nolina cismontana Abutilon parvulum C/arkia lewisii
Erema/che kernensis M eesiaceae Clarkia lingulata
Nolina interrata
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Herissantia crispa Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Meesia triquetra
Triteleia clementina Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae
Horsfordia alata Meesia uliginosa
Triteleia crocea var. crocea Clarkia mosquinii
Trite/eia crocea var. modesta Horsfordia newberryi Clarkia rostrata
Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii //iamna bakeri Nyctagi naceae Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata
Triteleia hendersonii var. //iamna latibracteata Clarkia springvillensis
hendersonii Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. Abronia alpina Clarkia tembloriensis ssp.
Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii assurgentiflora Abronia maritima calientensis
Triteleia lugens Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra Abronia nana ssp. covillei Clarkia virgata
Veratrum fimbriatum Malacothamnus abbottii Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora Clarkia xantiana ssp. parviflora
Veratrum insolitum Malacothamnus aboriginum Abronia villosa var. aurita Epilobium howellii
Zigadenus micranthus var. Malacothamnus arcuatus Acleisanthes longif/ora Epilobium luteum
fontanus Malacothamnus clementinus Mirabilis coccinea Epilobium nivium
Malacothamnus davidsonii Mirabilis greenei Epilobium oreganum
Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Mirabilis tenuiloba Epilobium palustre
Li m n anthaceae Selinocarpus nevadensis
nesioticus Epilobium rigidum
Malacothamnus gracilis Tripterocalyx crux-maltae Epilobium septentrionale
Limnanthes bakeri
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Tripterocalyx micranthus Epilobium siskiyouense
Limnanthes douglasii ssp.
Malacothamnus helleri Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita
sulphurea
Malacothamnusjonesii O n agraceae Oenothera californica ssp.
Limnanthes floccosa ssp.
Malacothamnus mendocinensis eurekensis
bellingeriana
Malacothamnus niveus Camissonia arenaria Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia benitensis Oenothera wolfii
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. f/occosa
involucratus Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides
Limnanthes gracilis ssp. parishii
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii
Limnanthes vinculans Ophioglossaceae
lucianus Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia claviformis ssp.
Li naceae Botrychium ascendens
palmeri cruciformis Botrychium crenulatum
Malacothamnus parishii Camissonia guadalupensis ssp.
Hesperolinon adenophyllum Botrychium lineare
Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata clementina
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum Botrychium lunaria
Sidalcea covillei Camissonia hardhamiae
Hesperolinon breweri Botrychium minganense
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. anomala Camissonia integrifolia
Hesperolinon congestum Botrychium montanum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. hickmanii Camissonia kernensis ssp. kernensis
Hesperolinon didymocarpum Botrychium pinnatum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii Camissonia lewisii
Hesperolinon drymarioides Botrychium virginianum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Camissonia minor
380 APPEN D IX V: P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY

Ophioglossum californicum Eschscholzia rhombipetala Hordeum intercedens Cilia interior

Ophioglossum pusillum Meconella oregano Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Platystemon californicus var. Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha
O rchidaceae ciliatus Melica spectabilis Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Romneya coulteri Muhlenbergia appressa Cilia millefoliata
Corallorhiza trifida Muhlenbergia arsenei Cilia nevinii
Cypripedium californicum Philad e l p h aceae Muhlenbergia californica Cilia ripleyi
Cypripedium fasciculatum Muhlenbergia fragilis Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Cypripedium montanum Carpenteria californica Muhlenbergiajonesii Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis
Listera cordata Fend/ere/la utahensis Muhlenbergia pauciflora Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria
Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. )amesia americana var. rosea Munroa squarrosa Cilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
brachypoda Neostapfia colusana Ciliayorkii
Piperia candida Orcuttia californica lpomopsis effusa
Pinaceae
Piperia colemanii Orcuttia inaequalis lpomopsis tenuifolia
Piperia cooperi Orcuttia pilosa Leptodactylon californicum ssp.
Abies amabilis
Piperia e/egans ssp. decurtata Orcuttia tenuis tomentosum
Abies bracteata
Piperia leptopetala Orcuttia viscida Leptodactylon jaegeri
Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
Piperia michaelii Oryzopsis exigua Linanthus acicularis
Picea engelmannii
Piperiayadonii Piptatherum micranthum Linanthus ambiguus
Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi
Platanthera stricta Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi Linanthus bellus
Pinus edulis
Pleuropogon hooverianus Linanthus concinnus
Pinus longaeva
Pleuropogon refractus Linanthus croceus
O robanchaceae Pinus radiata
Poa abbreviata ssp. marshii Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii
Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis
Poa abbreviata ssp. pattersonii Linanthus grandiflorus
Boschniakia hookeri Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana
Poa atropurpurea LinanthusJepsonii
Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa
Poa lettermanii Linanthus killipii
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Poaceae Paa napensis Linanthus latisectus
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Poa piperi Linanthus maculatus
Orobanche valida ssp. valida Achnatherum aridum Poa rhizomata Linanthus nuttal/ii ssp. howellii
Achnatherum diegoense Puccinellia howellii Linanthus oblanceolatus
O rthotrichaceae Achnatherum lemmonii var. Puccinellia parishii Linanthus orcuttii
pubescens Puccinellia pumila Linanthus pygmaeus ssp. pygmaeus
Orthotrichum shevockii Agrostis blasdalei Scleropogon brevifolius Linanthus rattanii
Orthotrichum spjutii Agrostis hendersonii Spartina gracilis Linanthus rosaceus
Agrostis hooveri Sphenopho/is obtusata Linanthus serrulatus
Oxal idaceae Agrostis humilis Swa//enia alexandrae Navarretia cotulifolia
Alopecurus aequalis var. Tuctoria greenei Navarretia eriocephala
Oxalis suksdorfii sonomensis T. mucronata Navarretia fossalis
Blepharidachne kingii Navarretia heterandra
Bouteloua eriopoda Navarretiajaredii
Papaveraceae Polemoniaceae
Bouteloua trifida Navarretia Jepsonii
Calamagrostis bolanderi Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Arctomecon merriamii Collomia diversifolia
Calamagrostis crassiglumis Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Canbya candida Collomia larsenii
Calamagrostis foliosa pauciflora
Dendromecon harfordii var. Collomia rawsoniana
Calamagrostis ophitidis Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
harfordii Collomia tracyi
Cinna bolanderi plieantha
Dendromecon harfordii var. Eriastrum brandegeae
Deschampsia atropurpurea Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta
rhamnoides Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum var. Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana sanctorum
thermale Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
Oicentra nevadensis Eriastrum hooveri
Dissanthelium californicum radians
Eschscholzia hypecoides Eriastrum luteum
Efymus californicus Navarretia peninsularis
Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp. Eriastrum tracyi
Elymus scribneri Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea
kernensis Eriastrum virgatum
Enneapogon desvauxii Navarretia prostrata
Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp. Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Erioneuron pilosum Navarretia rosulata
twisselmannii Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Festuca minutiflora Navarretia setiloba
Eschscholzia procera Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Clyceria grandis Navarretia subuligera
Eschscholzia ramosa Cilia caruifolia
Hierochloe odorata Phlox dispersa
 A P P E N D I X V: P LA N TS BY F A M I LY 381

Phlox dolichantha Eriogonum contiguum Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Calandrinia parryi var. hesseae
Phlox hirsuta Eriogonum crocatum eximium Calandrinia pulchellum
Phlox muscoides Eriogonum diclinum Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum Calandrinia quadripetalum
Polemonium chartaceum Eriogonum eastwoodianum Eriogonum pendulum Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii
Eriogonum eremicola Eriogonum po!ypodum Claytonia megarhiza
Eriogonum ericifo/ium var. thornei Eriogonum prattenianum var. Claytonia palustris
Polygalaceae
Eriogonum foliosum avium Claytonia umbellata
Eriogonum giganteum var. Eriogonum prociduum Lewisia brachyca!yx
Polygala acanthoclada
compactum Eriogonum puberulum Lewisia cantelovii
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae
Polygala heterorhyncha Eriogonum giganteum var. Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. Lewisia congdonii
Polygala intermontana formosum pyrolifolium Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
Polygala subspinosa Eriogonum giganteum var. Eriogonum shockleyi var. shockleyi Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
giganteum Eriogonum siskiyouense Lewisia disepala
Eriogonum gilmanii Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Polygonaceae Eriogonum gossypinum Eriogonum temblorense Lewisia longipetala
Eriogonum grande var. grande Eriogonum ternatum Lewisia oppositifolia
Aristocapsa insignis
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens Eriogonum tripodum Lewisia serrata
Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora
Eriogonum grande var. timorum Eriogonum truncatum Lewisia stebbinsii
Chorizanthe blakleyi Mantia howellii
Eriogonum heermannii var. Eriogonum twisselmannii
Chorizanthe breweri Eriogonum umbellatum var. Portulaca halimoides
f/occosum
Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Eriogonum heermannii var. bahiiforme
cuspidata Eriogonum umbellatum var.
occidentale Potamogetonaceae
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa
Eriogonum heracleoides var. glaberrimum
Chorizanthe douglasii
heracleoides Eriogonum umbellatum var. Potamogeton epihydrus ss p .
Chorizanthe howellii
Eriogonum hirtellum humistratum nuttallii
Chorizanthe leptotheca
Eriogonum hoffmannii var. Eriogonum umbellatum var. Potamogeton filiformis
Chorizanthe orcuttiana
hoffmannii juniporinum Potamogeton fo!iosus var. fibrillosus
Chorizanthe palmeri
Eriogonum hoffmannii var. Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus Potamogeton praelongus
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina
robustius Eriogonum umbellatum var. Potamogeton robbinsii
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi
Eriogonum intrafractum torreyanum Potamogeton zosteriformis
Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
Eriogonum kelloggii Eriogonum vestitum
longispina
Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum Eriogonum wrightii var. olanchense
Chorizanthe pungens var. Pottiaceae
Eriogonum kennedyi var. Ci/mania luteola
hartwegiana
austromontanum Goodmania !uteola
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Didymodon norrisii
Eriogonum kennedyi var. pinicola Mucronea californica
Chorizanthe rectispina Pterygoneurum californicum
Eriogonum libertini Nemacaulis denudata var.
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii Scopelophila cataractae
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum denudata
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta Torte/la a/pico/a
Eriogonum microthecum var. Nemacaulis denudata var. graci/is
Chorizanthe spinosa Tortu/a californica
a!pinum Oxytheca caryophylloides
Chorizanthe valida Triquetrella californica
Eriogonum microthecum var. Oxytheca emarginata
Chorizanthe ventricosa
Johnstonii Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Chorizanthe wheeleri Pri m u l aceae
Eriogonum microthecum var. Oxytheca parishii var. cienegensis
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca
lapidicola Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana
Oedeckera eurekensis Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Eriogonum microthecum var. Oxytheca watsonii
Oodecahema !eptoceras Androsace filiformis
panamintense Polygonum bidwelliae
Eriogonum alpinum Androsace occidentalis var. simplex
Eriogonum nervulosum Polygonum hickmanii
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum Oodecatheon pulchellum
Eriogonum nortonii Polygonum marinense
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum Trientalis arctica
Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens Polygonum polygaloides ssp.
Eriogonum argi!!osum
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum esotericum
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Eriogonum nudum var. murinum Rumex venosus Pteridaceae
Eriogonum bifurcatum
Eriogonum nudum var. paralinum Systenotheca vortriedei
Eriogonum breedlovei var.
Eriogonum nudum var. regirivum Argyrochosma limitanea var.
breedlovei
Po rtu l acaceae
Eriogonum nutans var. nutans limitanea
Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var.
Eriogonum butterworthianum Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis
alexanderae Calandrinia breweri
Eriogonum collinum Cheilanthes wootonii
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. Calandrinia maritima
Eriogonum congdonii Pellaea truncata
ochrocephaIum
382 APPEN D IX V: P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY

Pterigyn and raceae Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. Galium munzii
Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus aspleniifolius Galium nuttallii ssp. insulare
Myurella julacea Ceanothus hearstiorum L.yonothamnus floribundus ssp. Galium oreganum
Ceanothus maritimus f/oribundus Galium serpenticum ssp. scotticum
Raffiesiaceae Ceanothus masonii Neviusia cliftonii Galium serpenticum ssp.
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. warnerense
Pilostyles thurberi insularis acuminatum Galium wrightii
Ceanothus ophiochilus Physocarpus alternans
Ran un culaceae Ceanothus otayensis Potentilla basaltica Sal icaceae
Ceanothus pinetorum Potentilla concinna
Delphinium bakeri Ceanothus purpureus Potentilla cristae Populus angustifolia
Delphinium californicum ssp. Ceanothus roderickii Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ewanii Salix bebbiana
interius Ceanothus sonomensis Potentilla gracilis
var. pulcherrima Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Ceanothus verrucosus Potentilla hickmanii Salix delnortensis
gypsophilum Colubrina californica Potentilla morefieldii Salix nivalis
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Condalia globosa pubescens
var. Potentilla multijuga
parviflorum Rhamnus pirifolia Potentilla newberryi
Potentilla rimicola Sarraceniaceae
Delphinium hansenii ssp.
ewanianum Rosaceae Prunus fasciculatavar. punctata
Darlingtonia californica
Delphinium hesperium ssp. Rosa minutifolia
cuyamacae Cercocarpus betuloides var.
Rosa pinetorum
Delphinium hutchinsoniae blancheae Rubus glaucifoliusvar. ganderi Saxifragaceae
Delphinium inopinum Cercocarpus traskiae Rubus nivalis
Delphinium luteum Sanguisorba officinalis Bensoniella oregona
Chamaebatia australis
Delphinium parishii ssp. Bolandra californica
Geum aleppicum
subglobosum Heuchera abramsii
Horkelia bolanderi Ru biaceae
Delphinium parryi ssp. Heuchera brevistaminea
Horkelia congesta ssp. nemorosa
blochmaniae Heuchera elegans
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum Heuchera hirsutissima
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Galium angustifolium ssp.
Delphinium purpusii Heuchera maxima
Horkelia hendersonii borregoense
Delphinium recurvatum Heuchera parishii
Horkelia hispidula Galium angustifolium ssp.
Delphinium stachydeum Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor
Horkelia marinensis gabrielense
Delphinium uliginosum jepsonia heterandra
Horkelia parryi Galium angustifolium ssp.
Delphinium umbraculorum jepsonia malvifolia
Horkelia sericata gracillimum
Delphinium variegatum ssp. Lithophragma maximum
Horkelia tenuiloba Galium angustifolium ssp.
kinkiense Mite/la caulescens
Horkelia truncata jacinticum
Delphinium variegatum ssp. Parnassia cirrata
Horkelia tularensis Galium angustifolium ssp. onycense
thornei Saxifraga cespitosa
Horkelia wilderae Galium buxifolium
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Saxifraga howellii
Horkeliayadonii Galium californicum ssp. luciense

I
Ranunculus hydrocharoides Saxifraga nuttallii
lvesia aperta
var. aperta Galium californicum ssp.
Ranunculus lobbii Saxifraga rufidula
lvesia aperta
var. canina miguelense
Ranunculus macounii Tiarella trifoliata
var.trifoliata
lvesia arl)'rocoma Galium californicum ssp. primum
Thalictrum alpinum lvesia arizonica
var. arizonica Galium californicum ssp. sierrae
lvesia baileyi
var. baileyi Galium catalinense ssp. acrispum Scheuchzeriaceae
I
Rham n aceae lvesia baileyi
var. beneolens Galium catalinense ssp. catalinense
lvesia ca/Iida Galium clementis Scheuchzeria palustris var.

Adolphia californica lvesia campestris Galium cliftonsmithii americana

Ceanothus confusus lvesiajaegeri Galium glabrescens ssp. modocense
Ceanothus cuneatus fascicularis
var.
lvesia kingii
var. kingii Galium grande Scroph u l ariaceae
Ceanothus cuneatus rigidus
var.
lvesia longibracteata Galium hardhamiae
Ceanothus ryaneus lvesia paniculata Galium hilendiae ssp. carneum Antirrhinum ryathiferum
Ceanothus divergens lvesia patellifera Galium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense Antirrhinum ovatum
Ceanothus ferrisae lvesia pickeringii Galium hypotrichium ssp. Antirrhinum subcordatum
Ceanothus foliosus vineatus
var.
lvesia sericoleuca tomentellum Antirrhinum virga
Ceanothus fresnensis lvesia unguiculata Galium jepsonii Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis
Ceanothus gloriosus exaltatus
var.
lvesia webberi Galium johnstonii Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
 APPEN D I X V: P LA N TS BY F A M I LY 383

Sphae rocarpaceae
Castilleja ambigua ssp. Maurandya petrophila Penstemon fruticiformis var.
humboldtiensis Mimulus acutidens amargosae
Geothallus tuberosus
Castilleja campestris ssp. Mimulus aridus Penstemon heterodoxus var.
shastensis Sphaerocarpus dreweri
succulenta Mimulus brandegei
Castilleja cinerea Mimulus clevelandii Penstemon janishiae
Castilleja densiflora ssp. Mimulus cusickii Penstemon newberryi var. Sphagn aceae
obispoensis Mimulus diffusus sonomensis
Castilleja gleasonii Mimulus evanescens Penstemon papillatus Sphagnum strictum
Castilleja grisea Mimulus exiguus Penstemon personatus
Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Mimulus filicaulis Penstemon rattanii var. kleei Splac h n aceae
Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Mimulus flemingii Penstemon scapoides
Castilleja lasiorhyncha Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis Penstemon stephensii Tay/aria lingulata
Castilleja latifolia Mimulus glaucescens Penstemon sudans
Castilleja mendocinensis Mimulus gracilipes Penstemon thompsoniae
Stercu l i aceae
Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Mimulus grayi Penstemon thurberi
Castilleja mollis Mimulus inconspicuus Penstemon tracyi Ayenia compacta
Castilleja montigena Mimulusjohnstonii Penstemon utahensis Fremontodendron decumbens
Castilleja plagiotoma Mimulus laciniatus Scrophularia atrata Fremontodendron mexicanum
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Mimulus microphyllus Scrophularia villosa
rubicundula Mimulus mohavensis Stemodia durantifolia
Castilleja schizotricha Mimulus norrisii Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica Thelypteridaceae
Castilleja uliginosa Mimulus nudatus Triphysaria floribunda
Veronica copelandii Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis
Collinsia corymbosa Mimulus parryi
Collinsia multicolor Mimulus pictus Veronica cusickii
Cordylanthus capitatus Mimulus pulchellus Thymelaeaceae
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Mimulus purpureus Selagi nellaceae
eremicus Mimulus pygmaeus Dirca occidentalis
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus Selaginella asprella
kernensis Mimulus rupicola Selaginella densa var. scopulorum Typh aceae
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Mimulus shevockii Selaginella eremophila
maritimus Mimulus subsecundus Selaginella leucobryoides Sparganium natans
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Mimulus traskiae
palustris Mimulus whipplei
S i maroubaceae Val erianaceae
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp.
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis cuspidatus Valeriana occidentalis
Caste/a emoryi
Cordylanthus nidularius 0. pachystachyus
Cordylanthus orcuttianus Pedicularis bracteosa var. f/avida
Cordylanthus palmatus Pedicularis centranthera S m i l acaceae Verbenaceae
Cordylanthus parviflorus Pedicularis contorta
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Pedicularis crenulata Smilaxjamesii Aloysia wrightii
brevibracteatus Pedicularis dudleyi Verbena californica

, Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis Pedicularis howellii Solanaceae

f
Cordylanthus tecopensis Penstemon albomarginatus Violaceae
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. barbatus Penstemon barnebyi Lycium brevipes var. hassei
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus Lycium californicum Viola aurea
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris Penstemon calcareus Lycium parishii Viola langsdorfii
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens Penstemon californicus Lycium verrucosum Viola palustris
Galvezia speciosa Penstemon cinereus Oryctes nevadensis Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea
Gratia/a heterosepala Penstemon cinicola Physalis lobata Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Limosella subulata Penstemon clevelandii var. connatus Solanum clokeyi Viola tomentosa
Maurandya antirrhiniflora ssp. Penstemon filiformis Solanum wallacei
antirrhiniflora
 Plants New to this Edi t ion
[ APPEN D IX VI

h e fol lowing list incl udes all the plants that are new to this edition. A few have been considered but rejected o r over­
looked in past editions, but most are either newly described, newly d iscovered to be in California, or more endangered
now than previously. For the first ti me nonvascular taxa are inclu ded in this edition of the Inventory and are l isted below.

No nvascu lar Taxa Vascu lar Taxa Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Castilleja densiflora ssp.
Anomobryum filiforme Abronia villosa var. aurita pycnostachyus obispoensis
Atractylocarpus flagellaceus Abutilon parvulum Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
Bruchia bolanderi Agave utahensis var. eborispina Atriplex argentea var. hillmanii rubicundula
Didymodon norrisii Ageratina herbacea A triplex erecticaulis Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii
Discelium nudum Alisma gramineum Atriplexgardneri var. falcata Caulanthus major var. nevadensis
Entosthodon kochii Allium atrorubens var. cristatum A triplex persistens Ceanothus cuneatus var. fascicularis
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Allium marvinii Atriplex subtilis Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Fissidens pauperculus Allium peninsulare var. Baccharis malibuensis Ceanothus otayensis
Geothallus tuberosus franciscanum Balsamorhiza serrata Ceanothus pinetorum
He/odium blandowii Aloysia wrightii Betula pumila var. glandulifera Cercidium microphyllum
Meesia triquetra Amaranthus watsonii Botrychium lineare Chaenactis glabriuscula var.
Meesia uliginosa Amorpha ca/ifornica var. napensis Botrychium virginianum orcuttiana
Mielichhoferia elongata Androsace occidentalis var. simplex Bouteloua eriopoda Chaetadelpha wheeleri
Mielichhoferia tehamensis Angelica kingii Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Chamaesyce abramsiana
Myurella julacea Angelica lucida Bulbostylis capillaris Chamaesyce parryi
Orthotrichum shevockii Arabis hirshbergiae Calochortus syntrophus Chamaesyce revoluta
Orthotrichum spjutii Arabis repanda var. greenei Ca!Ystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola Chamaesyce vallis-mortae
Pohlia tundrae Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Camissonia arenaria Chorizanthe ventricosa
Pterygoneurum californicum elegans Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Chrysothamnus albidus
Schizymenium shevockii Arctostaphylos parryana ssp. Camissonia claviformis ssp. Chrysothamnus greenei
Scopelophila cataractae tumescens cruciformis Cinna bolanderi
Sphaerocarpos drewei Arenaria congesta var. Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae Cirsium praeteriens
Sphagnum strictum charlestonensis Cardamine bellidifolia var. Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Tay/aria lingulata Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa pachyphylla Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi
Torte/la a/pico/a Artemisia nesiotica Carex arcta Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Tortu/a californica Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula Carex atherodes Cleomella brevipes
Trichodon cylindricus Asclepias nyctaginifolia Carex buxbaumii Cleomella hillmanii
Triquetrella californica Asplenium vespertinum Carex inops ssp. inops Cordylanthus rigidus ssp.
Astragalus agrestis Carex tyngbyei brevibracteatus
Astragalus cimae var. sufflatus Carex occidentalis Cryptantha glomeriflora
Astragalus didymocarpus var. Carex saliniformis Cryptantha incana
milesianus Carex scirpoidea ssp. Deinandra bacigalupii
Astragalus inyoensis pseudoscirpoidea Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa
Astragalus iodanthus var. Carex serpenticola Deinandra panicu/ata
diaphanoides Carex tahoensis Dodecatheon pulchellum
Astragalus lemmonii Carex vallicola Downingia laeta
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Carex viridula var. viridula Draba corrugata var. saxosa

3 84
 APPEN DIX VI: P LA N T S N E W TO T H I S E D I T I O N 385

Draba lonchocarpa var. Horsfordia newberryi Mirabilis coccinea Pyrola chlorantha

lonchocarpa Hu/sea nana Mirabilis greenei Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
Draba praealta Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Mite/la caulescens pinetorum
Oudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis Hymenopappus filifo/ius var. nanus Monarda pectinata Quercus cedrosensis
Dudleya gnoma Hymenothrix wrightii Moneses uniflora Quercus durata var. gabrielensis
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis Hymenoxys lemmonii Mortonia utahensis Quercus pacifica
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Iva acerosa Muhlenbergia jonesii Quercus parvula var.
corrugata Iva nevadensis Navarretia cotulifolia tamalpaisensis
Epilobium palustre juncus cooperi Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta Quercus turbine/la
Eriastrum tracyi Lasthenia ferrisiae Navarretia prostrata Ranunculus macounii
Ericameria nana Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri Nemophila breviflora Rhamnus pirifolia
Erigeron compactus var. compactus Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Nolina cismontana Rhynchospora capitellata
Erigeron disparipilus macrantha Oreostemma elatum Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Erigeron nevadincola Lathyrusjaponicus Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa Robinia neomexicana
Erigeron utahensis Lathyrus rigidus Oryzopsis exigua Romanzoffia tracyi
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii Osmorhiza depauperata Rosa pinetorum
Eriogonum collinum Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis Oxalis suksdorfii Rumex venosus
Eriogonum giganteum var. Linanthus croceus Oxytropis oreophila var. oreophila Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora
giganteum LinanthusJepsonii Oxytropis parryi Schoenus nigricans
Eriogonum heracleoides var. Linanthus latisectus Parnassia cirrata Scirpus pendulus
heracleoides Linanthus rosaceus Pediomelum castoreum Sclerocactusjohnsonii
Eriogonum microthecum var. Lithospermum incisum Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus Sedum pinetorum
alpinum Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Penstemon janishiae Senecio blochmaniae
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. macdougalii Penstemon scapoides Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
ochrocephalum Lomatium grayi Penstemon sudans Senecio indecorus
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. Lomatium observatorium Penstemon thompsoniae Sibara deserti
pyrolifolium Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Penstemon utahensis Sibaropsis hammittii
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Lupinus elmeri Pentachaeta aurea Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea
bahiiforme Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Pentachaeta fragilis Silene aperta
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Silene oregana
tanacetiflorum Lupinus nevadensis Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. Sisyrinchium funereum
Erodium macrophyllum Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus acuminatum Spergularia canadensis var.
Eryngium pendletonensis Lupinus uncialis Phacelia coerulea occidentalis
Erythronium revolutum Lycium californicum Phacelia :!)'mnoclada Spermolepis echinata
Erythronium taylorii Machaeranthera gracilis Phacelia peirsoniana Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp.
Festuca minutiflora Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri grossulariifolia
Fritillaria pinetorum Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii Physaria chambersii Sphaeralcea munroana
Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis Malacothrix foliosa ssp. Physocarpus alternans Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica polycephala Piperia colemanii nitrophila
Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa Malacothrixjunakii Piperia cooperi Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa
Cilia interior Malacothrix phaeocarpa Piperia elegans ssp. decurtata Stanleya viridiflora
Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Piperia leptopetala Stellaria littoralis
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum Meconella oregana Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Stemodia durantifolia
Cilia mil/efo/iata Mentzelia eremophila hickmanii Streptanthus barbiger
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Mentzelia torreyi Plagiobothrys parishii Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis Mentzelia tridentata Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi Suaeda occidentalis
Ciliayorkii Mertensia cusickii Platanthera stricta Swertia albomarginata
Cithopsis pulchella ssp. Mertensia longiflora Paa lettermanii Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica
serpentinicola Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena Polyctenium fremontii var. fremontii Tetracoccus ha/Iii
Cithopsis tenella Mertensia oblongifolia var. Polyctenium williamsiae Tetradymia tetrameres
Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa oblongifolia Polygala acanthoclada Teucrium glandulosum
Hedeoma nanum var. californicum Microseris paludosa Polygala intermontana Thalictrum alpinum
Hesperevax caulescens Microseris sylvatica Po!ygonum hickmanii Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Heterotheca monarchensis Mimulus cusickii Potentilla gracilis var. pulcherrima Thelypodium integrifolium ssp.
Hoita strobilina Mimulus evanescens Psoralidium lanceolatum complanatum
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula Mimu/usjohnstonii Psorothamnus fremontii var. Thelypodium milleflorum
Horsfordia alata Mimulus parryi attenuatus Tonestus peirsonii
386 APPENDIX VI: P LA N T S N E W T O T H I S E D I T I O N

Townsendia condensata Trifoliumjokerstii Utricularia minor

Townsendia leptotes Triglochin palustris Utricu/aria ochroleuca
Tragia ramosa Tripteroca!yx crux-maltae Va/eriana occidentalis
Trifo/ium andersonii var. andersonii Tripterocalyx micranthus Viburnum ellipticum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii Wolffia brasiliensis
hydrophilum Triteleia lugens Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Trifolium wmnocarpon var. Twisselmannia californica
plummerae Utricularia intermedia
 A P P E N D I X V I I : C N D D B C A L I F O R N I A N AT I V E S P E C I E S F I E L D S U R V E Y F O R M 387

C a l iforn i a Native S pecies Field Su rvey Form

M a i l to :
Natural Diversity Database
For 0 ffice Use Only
C a lifornia Dep a rtm e nt of Fish a nd G a m e
th
1 8 0 7 1 3 Stre e t, S u it e 202 Source Code Quad Code _______

Sacra m e n to, CA 9 5 8 1 4
Elm Code Occ. No. ________

Date o f Field Work:

EO I ndex No. ______ Map I ndex No.
�
��-

month (mm) date {dd) year (yyyy)

Scientific Name:

Comm o n Nam e :

Species Found? D D Reporter:

yes no If not, why? A ddress:

Total No. I ndividuals SL.bsequent Visit? D yes O no

Is this an existing N D D B occurrence? ___ O no Dunk.
Y e s , Occ. # Email A ddress:
Collection? If yes:
Phone: ( )
N umber M useum I Herbarium

Plant Information Animal Information

Age Structure:
Phenology: # adults # juveniles # unknown
% vegetative % flowering % fruiting D D D D D D
breedi1g wintering burrow site rookery nesting other

L o c a tio n (please also attach or draw map on back)

C o u nty: Landow n e r I M g r . :
Quad Name: E levatio n : ---------

T ---
R --- ---
1 /4 of ---
1 I4 of Section --
T --
R --- --
1 /4 of --
1 /4 of Section -----

U T M : Zone: ________________ ( 1 0, I I ) Datu m : ( N A D 8 3 , NAD 2 7 , W G 5 8 4 , other)

Sou rce: ---
( G P S , m a p & type , etc . ) Point Acc u racy: Me ters
UTM Coord i nates

Habitat Des crip tion (plant communities, dominants, associates, svbstrateslsoils, asrx;cts/slope)

O t h e r r a re s pecies?

S i t e In form a tio n Overa I I s ite q u a l ity : D Exce l lent 0 Good D Fair D Poor

C u rrent I s u rrou n d i n g land use :

V i s i b l e d i s tu r b a n ces I poss i b le threats:

C o m ments:

Determination: {check one o r more, a n d Iii i n blanks) Photographs: (check one or more) Slide Print
D Ke'.>€d (cite reference J Plant/ animal D D
D Comp'lred with �ecimen hwsed at: Habitat D D
D Com pared with photo I d rawilg i n : Diagnostic feature D D
D By another person (name):
May we obtain duplicates at our expeniXJ? D yes O no
D Other:
FG/WH D A B / 1 7 4 7 R e v . 1 1 /9 9
 Amsinckia grandiflora

Scientifi c Name
with Authorities
Amsinckia grandiflora ( G ray )
Greene
Fam i ly Name
Common Name " l arge-flowered fi d d l e neck" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal State and Federal
C N PS List and RED Code
Endangered Listi ng Status
Alameda, Con tra Costa, San Joaq u i n
444B, 444C, 445A, 464A, 464D
Distri bution Cismontane woodland, valley and Quadrangle
7. 5 '
foot h i l l grassland ; elevation 275-305 Distri bution
meters.
Habitat Types
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Elevational Range
Known fro m o n ly three natural occ u r­
Li fe Form rences. Reduced by agri cu lture, develop­
me nt, and grazi ng; currently threatened Bloo m i ng Period
by non-native p l ants and poss i b l y by
N otes altered fire freq u e ncy. Recent rei ntro­
d uctions have occu rred ( 444C, 464A,
464D) as part of State and Federal
recovery work, but most decl i n ing as of
1 9 94. USFWS has designated critical
hab itat. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 : 5 2 5
( 1 876) for origi nal descri pti o n , a n d Con­
servation Bio/of)' 7(3): 5 1 0-526 ( 1 993) for
popu lation biology.
N EW 2 0 0 1 E D ITI O N

\ '
A Complete Reference
Status and d istri b u ti o n s u m mari es fo r 2 , 0 73 of
Cal i fo rn ia's rarest p l a n ts "" �

A l l State and Fede ra l l y- l i sted p l an ts and can d i d ates �

H u n d reds m o re that s h o u l d be co n s i d e red i n

/
e nvi ro n m e n tal plan n i ng
'V

To pograp h i c q u ad d ata for over 1 , 5 0 0 p l ants and " I

co u n ty d ata fo r al l p l ants

--------- --------<

U sefu l N ew Revised
Featu res and U pdated
E l evatio n al range N ow i n c l u d es rare H u n d reds of status
fo r al l p l a n ts n o n -vasc u l ar taxa, revis i o n s and n a m e
N ew ap p e n d ix: i n c l u d i ng m osses changes
p l an ts by co m m o n and l ive rworts Thousands of
name Com p l ete l y cross- d istri butional

N ew, e asier to refe re nced to u pd ates

use taxon e n tries- The Jepson Manual Expanded s pecies

most codes and M o re than 3 0 0 n otes and l i te ratu re
abbreviatio n s p l a n ts added, refe re n ces
e l i m i n ated i n c l ud i ng recently- Every e ntry c ritical ly
d escri bed taxa reviewed for acc u racy

CALI FO R N I A N AT I V E P LA NT S O C I ETY
1 72 2 J Street, Suite 1 7, Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4