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    Service 2

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    Kiruba Eathiraj
    There are two main types of mechanical designs for PLC systems: single box/brick systems that contain all units and interfaces in a compact casing, and modular PLC systems that use a chassis with modules for different functions like power supply, processor, and I/O that can be customized. Modular systems allow multiple racks to be administered by a single processor, with thousands of inputs and outputs, using high-speed communication to distribute racks away from the processor to reduce wiring costs. Some processes require redundancy to prevent downtime, so redundant CPU or I/O modules can be added to the hardware configuration.

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    Service 2

    Uploaded by

    Kiruba Eathiraj
    53 views1 page
    There are two main types of mechanical designs for PLC systems: single box/brick systems that contain all units and interfaces in a compact casing, and modular PLC systems that use a chassis with modules for different functions like power supply, processor, and I/O that can be customized. Modular systems allow multiple racks to be administered by a single processor, with thousands of inputs and outputs, using high-speed communication to distribute racks away from the processor to reduce wiring costs. Some processes require redundancy to prevent downtime, so redundant CPU or I/O modules can be added to the hardware configuration.

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    There are two main types of mechanical designs for PLC systems: single box/brick systems that contain all units and interfaces in a compact casing, and modular PLC systems that use a chassis with modules for different functions like power supply, processor, and I/O that can be customized. Modular systems allow multiple racks to be administered by a single processor, with thousands of inputs and outputs, using high-speed communication to distribute racks away from the processor to reduce wiring costs. Some processes require redundancy to prevent downtime, so redundant CPU or I/O modules can be added to the hardware configuration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    53 views1 page

    Service 2

    Uploaded by

    Kiruba Eathiraj
    There are two main types of mechanical designs for PLC systems: single box/brick systems that contain all units and interfaces in a compact casing, and modular PLC systems that use a chassis with modules for different functions like power supply, processor, and I/O that can be customized. Modular systems allow multiple racks to be administered by a single processor, with thousands of inputs and outputs, using high-speed communication to distribute racks away from the processor to reduce wiring costs. Some processes require redundancy to prevent downtime, so redundant CPU or I/O modules can be added to the hardware configuration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    There are two types of mechanical design for PLC systems.

    A single box, or a brick


    is a small programmable controller that fits all units and interfaces into one
    compact casing, although, typically, additional expansion modules for inputs and
    outputs are available. Second design type – a modular PLC – has a chassis (also
    called a rack) that provides space for modules with different functions, such as
    power supply, processor, selection of I/O modules and communication interfaces –
    which all can be customized for the particular application.[22] Several racks can
    be administered by a single processor and may have thousands of inputs and outputs.
    Either a special high-speed serial I/O link or comparable communication method is
    used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring
    costs for large plants. Options are also available to mount I/O points directly to
    the machine and utilize quick disconnecting cables to sensors and valves, saving
    time for wiring and replacing components.[citation needed]
    Some special processes need to work permanently with minimum unwanted downtime.
    Therefore, it is necessary to design a system that is fault-tolerant and capable of
    handling the process with faulty modules. In such cases to increase the system
    availability in the event of hardware component failure, redundant CPU or I/O
    modules with the same functionality can be added to hardware configuration for
    preventing total or partial process shutdown due to hardware failure. Other
    redundancy scenarios could be related to safety-critical processes, for example,
    large hydraulic presses could require that both PLCs turn on output before the
    press can come down in case one output does not turn off properly.

    Programming

    Example of a ladder diagram logic


    Programmable logic controllers are intended to be used by engineers without a
    programming background. For this reason, a graphical programming language called
    Ladder Diagram (LD, LAD) was first developed. It resembles the schematic diagram of
    a system built with electromechanical relays and was adopted by many manufacturers
    and later standardized in the IEC 61131-3 control systems programming standard. As
    of 2015, it is still widely used, thanks to its simplicity.[24]

    As of 2015, the majority of PLC systems adhere to the IEC 61131-3 standard that
    defines 2 textual programming languages: Structured Text (ST; similar to Pascal)
    and Instruction List (IL); as well as 3 graphical languages: Ladder Diagram,
    Function Block Diagram (FBD) and Sequential Function Chart (SFC).[24][25]
    Instruction List (IL) was deprecated in the third edition of the standard.[26]

    Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from the relay-derived ladder
    logic to programming languages such as specially adapted dialects of BASIC and C.
    [citation needed]

    While the fundamental concepts of PLC programming are common to all manufacturers,
    differences in I/O addressing, memory organization, and instruction sets mean that
    PLC programs are never perfectly interchangeable between different makers. Even
    within the same product line of a single manufacturer, different models may not be
    directly compatible.[citation needed]

    Programming device

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