MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Pogonlomboy, Mangatarem, Pangasinan

Mobile No.: 0920-964-4762

PROF. ED 103: THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL
LEADERSHIP
HANDOUT 2

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION

Education is a function of society and as such arises from the nature and character of society itself.
Socialization is the “process of learning the roles, statuses and values necessary for participation in social institutions.
Socialization is a lifelong process. It occurs primarily during early childhood but as we progress from infancy to old age we
shed old roles and adopt new ones. Role learning that prepares us for future roles is termed anticipatory socialization.
The family is the most important agent of socialization.
EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY
To transform a hostile environment into one that is life-sustaining, humankind developed life skills that eventually became
cultural patterns.
These life skills included 1) tool or instrument making, 2) adherence to the moral behavior code of group life and 3)
language.
Key Periods in Educational History
In primitive societies survival against natural forces was the need and so what were taught were survival skills and
values to cultivate group cohesiveness.
For the Athenian in ancient Greece, what mattered most in education was the rounded development of every
individual while for the Spartan it was the development of soldiers and military leaders.
For the early Romans, schools needed to develop a sense of civic responsibility and to develop administrative and
military skills as citizens of the Roman Empire.
For the ancient Arabic world where Islam rose the most important concern of education was to cultivate religious
commitment to Islamic beliefs.
During the Medieval period, schools were concerned with the development of religious commitment, knowledge and
ritual to establish order.
Renaissance period was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the
Middle Ages. Education was focused on the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art.
The Reformation period had as for its educational goals the cultivation of a sense of commitment to particular religious
denomination and general literacy.
The History of the Philippine Education System
What was/were the focus/foci of education or schools during the:
1. Pre-colonial period
2. Spanish period
3. American Regime
4. Japanese occupation
5. Post-colonial period
The Varied Goals of Education in Different Historical Periods of Philippine History
During the pre-colonial period, students were given vocational training but lesser academics for them to be good fathers
and mothers. During the Spanish period, school focused on religious formation to help them live the Christian faith. The
American regime educated the Filipinos to become good citizens of a democratic country while Japanese regime taught
them of labor. The post-colonial period educational system was devoted to the following goals: 1) foster love of country;
2) teach the duties of citizenship; 3) develop moral character self-discipline; and 4) scientific, technological and vocational
efficiency. The present DepEd vision and mission statement and core values and the fourth mission of the Commission on
Higher Education add light to the present goals of Philippine education. They are given below:
To the thoughtful graduates imbued with 1) values reflective of a humanist orientation (ex. fundamental respect
for others as human beings with intrinsic rights, cultural rootedness, avocation to serve;) 2) analytical and problem
solving kills: 3) the ability to think things through the ethical and social implication of a given source of source of action;
4) the competency to learn continuously throughout life ---that will enable them to live meaningfully in complex,
rapidly changing and globalized world while engaging their community and the nation’s development issues and
concern. –Commission on Higher Education
The Department of Education has vision, mission and core values.
The Importance of Studying History of Education
Dewey explains why a study of the history of education is valuable:
1. Educational issues and problems are often rooted in the past; the study of educational history can help us to
understand and solve today’s problems,
2. Realistic effort to reform education begin with present conditions which are a product of our past; by using our past,
we can shape the future.
3. The study of education’s past provides a perspective that explains and illuminates our present activities as teachers.

Prepared by: MRS. RICHELE P. GELIDO

Instructor
 MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Pogonlomboy, Mangatarem, Pangasinan
Mobile No.: 0920-964-4762

PROF. ED 103: THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL
LEADERSHIP
HANDOUT 2 LEARNING ACTIVITY

Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section: Score:

Answer the following questions in a sheet of paper.

1. Why was the focus of education different for different groups of people in different places and at different periods in
world history? What does this point to regarding relationship of schools and society?
2. Given the different characteristics of the different periods in Philippine history, what were the goals of education/
schools during the:
a) Pre-colonial
b) Spanish period
c) American regime
d) Japanese regime and
e) Post-colonial period?
3. DepEd’s mission is “to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, cultured-based, and
complete basic education.” Has the Philippine educational system from pre-colonial to present given equal access to
quality, culture-based and complete basic education? Or was it a privilege of a few? Explain you answer.

Prepared by: MRS. RICHELE P. GELIDO

Instructor