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    Lec 10 Discrete Structures

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    ali sayed
    This document summarizes key concepts about functions from a lecture on discrete structures. It defines a function as a relation that matches each item from one set to exactly one item in another set. Functions can be represented by ordered pairs and have a domain and codomain. Arrow diagrams can depict functions graphically. Properties of functions include injective, surjective, and bijective. Calculating the inverse of a function involves switching variables and sides of the equation. Graphing a function involves making a table of values, plotting points, and connecting them with a curve. Exercises and further reading are recommended to reinforce the concepts.

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    Lec 10 Discrete Structures

    Uploaded by

    ali sayed
    30 views43 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about functions from a lecture on discrete structures. It defines a function as a relation that matches each item from one set to exactly one item in another set. Functions can be represented by ordered pairs and have a domain and codomain. Arrow diagrams can depict functions graphically. Properties of functions include injective, surjective, and bijective. Calculating the inverse of a function involves switching variables and sides of the equation. Graphing a function involves making a table of values, plotting points, and connecting them with a curve. Exercises and further reading are recommended to reinforce the concepts.

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    Discrete Structures

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    This document summarizes key concepts about functions from a lecture on discrete structures. It defines a function as a relation that matches each item from one set to exactly one item in another set. Functions can be represented by ordered pairs and have a domain and codomain. Arrow diagrams can depict functions graphically. Properties of functions include injective, surjective, and bijective. Calculating the inverse of a function involves switching variables and sides of the equation. Graphing a function involves making a table of values, plotting points, and connecting them with a curve. Exercises and further reading are recommended to reinforce the concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views43 pages

    Lec 10 Discrete Structures

    Uploaded by

    ali sayed
    This document summarizes key concepts about functions from a lecture on discrete structures. It defines a function as a relation that matches each item from one set to exactly one item in another set. Functions can be represented by ordered pairs and have a domain and codomain. Arrow diagrams can depict functions graphically. Properties of functions include injective, surjective, and bijective. Calculating the inverse of a function involves switching variables and sides of the equation. Graphing a function involves making a table of values, plotting points, and connecting them with a curve. Exercises and further reading are recommended to reinforce the concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 43

    DISCRETE STRUCTURES

    Dr. Muhammed Abdel Hameed


    Faculty of Computers & Information
    Computer Science Dept.
    Lecture 10
    Lecture Rules
    Chapter 5
    Functions
    Section 5.4
    Introduction
     When there is some relation that matches each
    item from one set with exactly one item from a
    different set. Such a relation is called a function.
    Introduction
     To help understand this definition, look at the
    function that relates the time of day to the
    temperature in Figure.
    Introduction
    This function can be represented by the ordered pairs:
    {(1, 9), (2, 13), (3, 15), (4, 15), (5, 12), (6, 10)}.

     In each ordered pair, the first coordinate (x-value) is the


    input and the second coordinate (y-value) is the output.
    Introduction
    • The set S is called the domain of the function.

    • The set T is called the codomain of the function.


    Introduction
    • The domain elements, x, can be obtained as the
    inputs and the range elements, f (x), can be
    thought of as the outputs.

    Function Input Output

    f x f (x)
    What is Function?
    What is Function?
    What is Function?
    Function Defined as an Arrow
    Diagram
    • If X and Y are finite sets, you can define a function f from
    X to Y by drawing an arrow diagram. You make a list of
    elements in X and a list of elements in Y, and draw an
    arrow from each element in X to the corresponding
    element in Y. The arrow diagram define a function
    1. Every element of X has an arrow coming out of it.
    2. No element of X has two arrows coming out of it
    that point to two different elements of Y.
    Example
    • Which of the arrow diagrams in the following Figure
    define functions from X = {a, b, c} to Y = {1,2,3,4}?

    Note:
    1. Every element of X has an arrow coming out of it.
    2. No element of X has two arrows coming out of it
    that point to two different elements of Y.
    Solution
    • Which of the arrow diagrams in the following Figure
    define functions from X = {a, b, c} to Y = {1,2,3,4}?
    Example
    Solution
    Example
    Example
    Equality of Functions
    Example
    Solution
    Example
    Solution
    Properties of Functions
    Properties of Functions
    Example
    • State the following Functions F, G, Either Onto or Not?
    Why Not?
    •

    (a)
    Example
    • State the following Functions H, K, Either Onto or Not?
    Why Not?
    Properties of Functions
    Example
    Properties of Functions
    Example

    (A)

    (B)
    Example

    Injective function Bijective Function Surjective Function


    Example
    Properties of Functions
    Example
    • Find the inverse function for the given
    f (x) = 3x + 2.

    y = 3x + 2 Original equation defining f


    x = 3y + 2 Switch x and y.
    3y + 2 = x Reverse sides of the equation.
    ( x  2)
    y= Solve for y.
    3
    Graphs of Functions

     The graph of a function y = f (x) is a set of ordered


    pairs (x, f (x)), for values of x in the domain of f.

     To graph a function:

    1. Make a table of values.

    2. Plot the points.

    3. Connect them with a curve.


    Example
     Graph the function f (x) = x2 – 2x – 2, Where
    x= {0,1,2,3,4,-1,-2}.
    Summary
    Task (15 Min)
    (1)

    (2)
    Solutions
    (1)
    Solutions
    (2)
    Text Book
    This lecture covered Section 5.4 of Judith Book.
    Exercises 5.4.

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