4/12/2016

SNC1D
CHEMISTRY
ATOMS, ELEMENTS, & COMPOUNDS
L Classifying Matter
(P.141-143)

Classifying Matter

All matter is made up of different

types and combinations of particles
which gives them particular
characteristics, or properties. A
property is a characteristic that
describes a substance. For
example, gold and iron are both
metals, but they have very different
properties.

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Classifying Matter

PROPERTY
characteristic that describes a
substance

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Classifying Matter

Matter may be classified as pure

substances or mixtures, depending
on how their particles are arranged.
A pure substance is made up of
only one kind of matter and has a
unique set of properties, such as
colour, hardness, and boiling/melting
point. A pure substance is either an
element or a compound.

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Classifying Matter

PURE SUBSTANCE
made up of only one kind of
particle
is either an element or a
compound

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Classifying Matter

An element is a pure substance

that cannot be broken down into
any simpler substance by chemical
means. For example, gold is an
element. Its symbol is Au and it
cannot be broken down into
anything simpler. Silver (Ag) and
the oxygen we breath (O2) are
more examples of elements.

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Classifying Matter

ELEMENT
pure substance that cannot be
broken down
gold (Au), oxygen (O2), …

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Classifying Matter

A compound is a pure substance

that is made from two or more
elements that are combined
together chemically. For example,
water (H2O) is a compound
containing the elements hydrogen
and oxygen in a fixed ratio. Sugar
is another example of a compound.

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Classifying Matter

COMPOUND
pure substance made from two
or more elements that combine
together chemically
can be broken down into
smaller particles
water (H2O), salt (NaCl), …

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Classifying Matter

A mixture is a combination of pure

substances. However, the substances in
a mixture do not combine chemically.
Instead, each substance remains in its
original pure form, although each is not
always easy to see distinctly once the
mixture is made. There are three main
types of mixtures.

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Classifying Matter

MIXTURE
combination of pure substances
do not combine chemically – remain
separate

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Classifying Matter

NOTE!
There are three main types of mixtures.
• In a mechanical mixture, the
different substances that make up the
mixture are visible. A chocolate chip
cookie is an example of a mechanical
mixture – different parts of the
mixture are visible. So is a mixture of
salt and pepper. A mixture in which
the different parts are visible is called
heterogeneous.

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Classifying Matter

MECHANICAL MIXTURE
different substances that make up
the mixture are visible
also known as a heterogeneous
mixture
chocolate chip cookie, …

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Classifying Matter

NOTE!
There are three main types of mixtures.
• A suspension is a cloudy mixture in
which tiny particles of one substance
are held within another. Tomato
juice is an example of a suspension –
the particles can be separated when
the mixture is poured through filter
paper. A salad vinaigrette is a
mixture of oil, vinegar, and spices.
When shaken, they form a
suspension but after a while the
components will separate.

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Classifying Matter

SUSPENSION
cloudy mixture – particles of one
substance are suspended in another
(i.e. heterogeneous)
salad dressing, …

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Classifying Matter

NOTE!
There are three main types of
mixtures.
• In a solution, the different
substances that make it the
solution are not individually visible.
One substance is dissolved in
another, creating a homogeneous
mixture. Examples are sugar
dissolved in coffee or clear apple
juice – you cannot distinguish
between the different types of
particles in it.

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Classifying Matter

SOLUTION
different substances that make up
the mixture are not visible – one
substance is dissolved in the other
also known as a homogeneous
mixture
apple juice, …

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
1. Identify each of the following as either a mechanical mixture or a
solution.
(a) a pane of clear glass S
(b) chocolate chip ice cream MM
(c) clear apple juice S
(d) garbage in a garbage can MM
(e) a garden salad MM
(f) tea S

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
2. Using the words outlined below, make a flow chart summarizing how
matter can be organized. Start your chart with the word, “MATTER”.
• element
• compound
• heterogeneous mixture
• homogeneous mixture
• mechanical mixture
• mixture
• pure substance
• solution
• suspension

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Classifying Matter – A Summary

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
3. Classify each of the following as either a pure substance or a mixture.
If it is a pure substance, is it an element or a compound? If it is a
mixture, is it heterogeneous (i.e. a mechanical mixture/suspension) or
homogeneous (i.e. a solution)?
(a) sand – white & black grains of sand M, HE
(b) water – hydrogen & oxygen atoms chemically combined P,C
(c) pop – water, sugar, & carbon dioxide M, HO
(d) pencil lead – carbon atoms P,E
(e) pizza – pepperoni, cheese, & sauce M, HE
(f) silver – silver atoms P,E
(g) salt – sodium & chlorine atoms chemically combined P,C

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
4. Do the following diagrams represent an element, compound or
mixture?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

E E C M

(e) (f) (g) (h)

C M E M

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
5. Is a compound, such as water from the tap, a
pure substance or a mixture? Explain.

water from the tap is a mixture because it

contains various minerals and, in some cases,
particulates (i.e. shine a laser light through
water to see the particulates, if there are any)

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
6. Lead is not often used in solder anymore. Explain why not.

Before the toxic effects of lead were understood, the seams of metal
cans for preserving food were sealed using lead solder. When the cans
were heated, a high level of lead leached into the food, particularly if
the contents were acidic, such as tomatoes or citrus fruits. It is likely
that sailors suffered from lead poisoning on long trips. Fresh meat and
vegetables were not available, so sailors ate mostly canned foods.
Even today, you should never drink hot water directly from the tap, in
case there is lead solder in the plumbing that may be absorbed into the
hot water.

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
7. There are numerous ways to separate a mixture. List six of them.

• sorting (used when substances are large)

• floating & settling (used for substances that float/sink)
• centrifuge (used for suspensions)
• magnet (used for magnetic/nonmagnetic substances)
• sieves & filters (used for different sized substances)
• dissolving (used when a substance dissolves easily in a solvent)

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
8. Describe one way to separate the following mechanical mixtures.
(a) metals in a scrap yard magnet
(b) salt and sand salt dissolves in water
(c) sand and gravel sieve
(d) sand and water filter

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Classifying Matter

PRACTICE
9. Some air purification systems include filters. What is the difference
between a filter and a sieve?

sieve device used to separate the components of a mixture, with

many visible holes that allow smaller solid pieces and liquids to
pass through while blocking the larger solid pieces

filter device with many small holes that trap solid pieces of a mixture
but allow liquids and gases to pass through

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U Check Your Learning

TEXTBOOK
P.143 Q.1-4

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