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Ideology and Two Nation Theory Sir Syed

The document outlines the ideology of the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims constitute two distinct nations in South Asia. It discusses the religious, cultural, social, economic, political and linguistic differences between Hindus and Muslims that formed the basis of the Two Nation Theory, as propounded by thinkers like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The document concludes that the Two Nation Theory was the ideological basis for the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims.

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Amna Mehmood
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111 views11 pages

Ideology and Two Nation Theory Sir Syed

The document outlines the ideology of the Two Nation Theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims constitute two distinct nations in South Asia. It discusses the religious, cultural, social, economic, political and linguistic differences between Hindus and Muslims that formed the basis of the Two Nation Theory, as propounded by thinkers like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The document concludes that the Two Nation Theory was the ideological basis for the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims.

Uploaded by

Amna Mehmood
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ideology and Two Nation Theory

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Quaid-e-


Azam Allama Iqbal
• Outline
Ideology Definition
1 TWO NATION THEORY
2 Meaning of Two Nation Theory
3 THE BASIS OF THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN
4 1.Religious Differences
5 2.Hindu Nationalism
6 3.Cultural Differences
7 4.Social Differences
8 5.Economics Differences
9 6.Educational Differences
10 7.Political Differences
11 (i) Hindi Urdu Controversy
12 (ii) Congress Attitude
13 (iii) Partition of Bengal
14 8.Language
15 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two Nation Theory
16 TWO NATION THEORY IN THE VIEW OF ALLAMA IQBAL
17 QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY
• 18CONCLUSION
• Definition of Ideology.
• The social, political and religious
programmed of a movement that becomes a
collective objective of a nation is called
Ideology. It means the aim according to
which human beings plan about their future.
It is the body of ideas on which a particular
political, economic- social, or religious system
is based.
• George Brass says
• 1-Any plan or program of a common life
based upon thinking and philosophy is called
ideology.
• 2-An ideology offers an interpretation of the
past and an explanation of the present and a
vision of the future.
•
• How Ideology Emerges?
• Ideologies tend to arise in the times of crises and social stress. A
society having no ideology, when faced with a crisis, may find it
difficult to decide by reacting to its ethical and practical aspects as
to whether to confront it with courage or retreat from it. At such a
moment, while ideology has its binding functions, it also provides
a simple and sure answer, leaving no chances for subsequent
regrets. This is inherent it the fight for principle. According to Reo
M. Christenson (Ideologies and Modern Politics) that; “An
ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being
mistreated under an existing order when their status is
threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society and
when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them…….”
• TwoNationTheory
The Two Nation Theory in its simplest way
means the cultural, political, religious, economic
and social dissimilarities between the two major
communities. Hindus and Muslims of the Sub
Continent. These differences of outlook in fact
were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two
distinct political ideologies which were
responsible for the partition of India into two
independent states.
• The Two Nation Theory was the basis of the struggle for creation of Pakistan which held that
Hindus and Muslims are two separate Nations. They in spite of living together for centuries could
not forget their individual cultures and civilization.
• Al-Beruni recorded his ideas in 1001 A.D in his famous book "Kitab-ul-Hind" as:
"The Hindus society maintained this peculiar character over the centuries. The two societies,
Hindus and Muslims, like two streams have sometimes touched but never merged, each following
its separate course."
3 THE BASIS OF THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN
4 1.Religious Differences
5 2.Hindu Nationalism
6 3.Cultural Differences
7 4.Social Differences
8 5.Economics Differences
9 6.Educational Differences
10 7.Political Differences
11 (i) Hindi Urdu Controversy
12 (ii) Congress Attitude
13 (iii) Partition of Bengal
14 8.Language
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan-The Pioneer of Two Nation Theory

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of two nation theory, used the word 'two nation' for Hindus and Muslims
after being convinced of the Hindus and Congress hatred, hostility and prejudice for the Muslims.
The entire freedom movement revolved around the two nation theory which was introduced by Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan. He considered all those lived in India as one nation and was a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity.
Speaking at the meeting of Indian Association he said:

• "I look to both Hindus and Muslims with the same eyes and consider them as my own eyes. By the word
'Nation' I mean only Hindus and Muslims and nothing else, We Hindus and Muslims live together on the same
soil under the same government. Our interests and problems are common and therefore I consider the two
factions as one nation."

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan did his best to make the Muslims realize their differences with the Hindus with regard to
religions social and language national and international identity and for this purpose he diverted attention of
the Indian Muslims towards a new idea of "Two Nation" or "Two entities."
After Hindi-Urdu controversy Sir Syed felt that it was not possible for Hindus and Muslims to progress as a single
nation. He said:

• " I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion and way of life
was quite different from each other."
• TWO NATION THEORY IN THE VIEW OF ALLAMA IQBAL

• Allama Iqbal was the first important figure who propounded the
idea of separate homeland on the basis of two nation theory. He
firmly believed in the separate identity of the Muslims as a nation
and suggested that there would be no possibility of peace in the
country unless and until. They were recognized as a nation. In the
annual session of Muslim League at Allahabad in 1930, he said:

• "India is a continent of human beings belonging to different


languages and professing different religions...I, therefore, demand
the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best interests
of the Muslims of India and Islam."
•
• QUAID-E-AZAM'S STATEMENT ON TWO NATION THEORY
The most clear and emphatic exposition is found in Jinnah's statement
and speeches. He expounded the two nation theory in such detail that
most Muslims and even some Hindus came to believe in its truth. He
declared:
" Muslims are not a minority; they are one nation by every definition of
the word nation. By all canons of international law we are a nation."
Quaid-e-Azam reiterated that Hindus and Muslims could ever evolve a
common nationality was on idle dream. They are a totally different
nation .They have an unbridgeable gulf between them and they stand
miles apart in regards to their ideals culture and religion. In he said:

• "Hindustan is neither one country nor its inhabitant’s one nation. This is
Sub Continent which consists of many nations of which the Hindus and
Muslims are two major nations."
• CONCLUSION
The Muslims apprehended that they would lose their
identity if they remained a part of Hindu society. They
also came to realize the above mentioned differences
between them and the Hindus and hence demanded
separate electorate on the ground that they were
different nation from Hindus. Hence it is right to say
that the two nation theory is the basis of the creation
of Pakistan because without this as a base, Pakistan
would not come into being on 14th August, 1947, and
we would not be breathing freely in this open air of
Pakistan.
•

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