Times tables

One times table Two times table Three times Four times table
1x1=1 1x2=2 table 1x4=4
2x1=2 2x2=4 1x3=3 2x4=8
3x1=3 3x2=3 2x3=6 3 x 4 = 12
4x1=4 4x2=8 3x3=9 4 x 4 = 16
5x1=5 5 x 2 = 10 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 4 = 20
6x1=6 6 x 2 = 12 5 x 3 = 15 6 x 4 = 24
7x1=7 7 x 2 = 14 6 x 3 = 18 7 x 4 = 28
8x1=8 8 x 2 = 16 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 4 = 32
9x1=9 9 x 2 = 18 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 4 = 36
10 x 1 = 10 10 x 2 = 20 9 x 3 = 27 10 x 4 = 40
11 x 1 = 11 11 x 2 = 22 10 x 3 = 30 11 x 4 = 44
12 x 1 = 12 12 x 2 = 24 11 x 3 = 33 12 x 4 = 48
12 x 3 = 36
Five times table Six times table Seven times Eight times
table table
1x5=5 1x6=6 1x7=7 1x8=8
2 x 5 = 10 2 x 6 = 12 2 x 7 = 14 2 x 8 = 16
3 x 5 = 15 3 x 6 = 18 3 x 7 = 21 3 x 8 = 24
4 x 5 = 20 4 x 6 = 24 4 x 7 = 28 4 x 8 = 32
5 x 5 = 25 5 x 6 = 30 5 x 7 = 35 5 x 8 = 40
6 x 5 = 30 6 x6 = 36 6 x 7 = 42 6 x 8 = 48
7 x 5 = 35 7 x 6 = 42 7 x 7 = 49 7 x 8 = 56
8 x 5 = 40 8 x 6 = 48 8 x 7 = 56 8 x 8 = 64
9 x 5 = 45 9 x 6 = 54 9 x 7 = 63 9 x 8 = 72
10 x 5 = 50 10 x 6 = 60 10 x 7 = 70 10 x 8 = 80
11 x 5 = 55 11 x 6 = 66 11 x 7 = 77 11 x 8 = 88
12 x 5 = 60 12 x 6 = 72 12 x 7 = 84 12 x 8 = 96
Nine times table Ten times table Eleven times Twelve times
table table
1x9=9 1 x 10 = 10 1 x 11 = 11 1 x 12 = 12
2 x 9 = 18 2 x 10 = 20 2 x 11 = 22 2 x 12 = 24
3 x 9 = 27 3 x 10 = 30 3 x 11 = 33 3 x 12 = 36
4 x 9 = 36 4 x 10 = 40 4 x 11 = 44 4 x 12 = 48
5 x 9 = 45 5 x 10 = 50 5 x 11 = 55 5 x 12 = 60
6 x 9 = 54 6 x 10 = 60 6 x 11 = 66 6 x 12 = 72
7 x 9 = 63 7 x 10 = 70 7 x 11 = 77 7 x 12 = 84
8 x 9 = 72 8 x 10 = 80 8 x 11 = 88 8 x 12 = 96
9 x 9 = 81 9 x 10 = 90 9 x 11 = 99 9 x 12 = 108
10 x 9 = 90 10 x 10 = 100 10 x 11 = 110 10 x 12 = 120
11 x 9 = 99 11 x 10 = 110 11 x 11 = 121 11 x 12 = 132
12 x 9 = 108 12 x 10 = 120 12 x 11 = 132 12 x 12 = 144
Addition

1. Write the numbers so the decimal points line up (or the units column if no
point). Add the right hand column, then the one to its left

1234
325 +

2. How to carry: When a column adds to more than 9, write its units digit and
carry the tens digit as a little number in the next column to be added later, eg

4785
6517 +
12
3. (think 5+7=12). Now add the next column, 8+1+1=10 so write 0 and carry 1
4. The next column has 7+5+1=13, write 3, carry 1
5. Finally 4+6+1=11, write 1, carry 1 but as there are no numbers left to add this
becomes a proper 1 in the answer

You can add 3 or more numbers and/or decimals in the same way

A. Practice:
Without using a calculator, find the value of 628+54 and 3890+517
 Subtraction

“Borrowing” when subtracting a large digit from a small one Sometimes we need to add
10 to a digit to help us subtract. We do this by borrowing a “1” from the next column to
the left.

So we don’t forget we have done this, we cross out the original number and write the
new version above, eg: to do 742-259 Cannot take 9 from 2, so borrow 1 from the 4 (it
becomes 3) and take 9 from 12

742
259 –
3
1. Now cannot take 5 from 3 so borrow 1, take 5 from 13
2. Finally take 2 from 6

Borrowing from further left Sometimes we have to borrow from beyond the next column. To
find 6005 – 787 I have to borrow 10 from the 6000. The 10 makes the 5 up to 15, so I can
subtract 7, leaving 5990 behind in the other columns:

6005
787 –
5218

Subtracting a large number from a small one If we subtract a large number from a small one,
the answer will be a negative number. The easiest way is to subtract them the other way
around, so the answer is positive, then make your final answer negative eg:

To find 259-742, show working for 742-259 = 483 as above, then write “hence 259-742 = -
483”

B. Practice:
Without using a calculator, find the value of 584-328 and 6293-7431
Adding lists of positive and negative numbers

Add up all the positive numbers, add the negative numbers, then combine the answers
eg: “Find the sum of these numbers: 3 4 -12 18 -33 20 -5 “ We think 3+4+18+20 =
7+18+20 = 25+20 = 45 and -12 -33 -5 = -45-5 = -50 Then 45-50 = -5.
C. Practice:
Find the sum of: 4 8 -7 -2 33 -18

Multiplication
Again, we write the two numbers so the units columns line up vertically. It doesn’t
really matter which is the top number but it is easiest to put the number with the most
non-zero digits on the top line.

To multiply 23×3, think 3×3=9,

23
3×
9

and then 2×3=6

As with addition, if when we multiply digits the answer is >9 we must carry the tens
digit into the next column. We write it small so we don’t forget it.
Example: 57×7, first multiply the right-hand digit in the top number, 7×7=49

57
7×
4 9
Now multiply the next digit, 5×7=35, 35+4=39
Multiplying longer numbers
Put the number with the most non-zero digits on the top line. Each digit in the second
number will generate its own line as part of the solution.
Example: “Multiply 23×16”
We can (as above) easily do 23×6=138 and 23×10=230 so we write two intermediate
answers, then add them to get the final answer

23
16 ×
138
230+
368

D. Practice
Without using a calculator, find the value of 324 × 67

How to do things with fractions

1 2 1+2 3

+ =

5 5 5 5

1 2 1+2 3

2 + 3 =5 =5

5 5 5 5
 Addition – different denominators.
Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of the two denominators and
express each fraction in terms of it before adding and simplifying
to find fractions that are equivalent to 13, multiply the numerator and
denominator by the same number.
4 7 8 7 15 1
+ = + = =
15 30 30 30 30 2

Subtraction Subtraction uses a similar method:

E. Practice
Without using a calculator find the following:
1 2 2 1
+ -
5 3 3 4

Decimals

Put these decimals in order, starting with the smallest