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HYDROLOGY WORKBOOK
UNIT 1
AS GEOGRAPHY

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Define the following terms

1. Drainage basin _an area drained by a river and its tributaries

2. Watershed – high land separating two or more drainage basins
3. Tributary – branch of the main river [a small river entering the main river]
4. Confluence – where two or more rivers meet
5. Source – where the river begins [starts]
6. Mouth – where the river ends
7. Interception – plants catching the rain water [precipitation]
8. Through fall – water falling between the plants
9. Stem flow – water moving down the stems of the plants
10. Infiltration - water sinking into the surface[ top ] layers of the soil
11. Percolation – water sinking deep into the soil [bottom layer of the soil]

12. Through flow – water flowing in the surface layers of the soil
13. Base flow – water flowing deep in the soil – above the water table
14. Ground water – water stored in the ground
15. Water table – upper surface of impermeable rock [rock that does not allow water to
pass through
16. Evaporation – water changes to gas [water vapor]
17. Evapotranspiration – water vapor given of by plants

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Identify the following drainage patterns and write brief notes about each one

A
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B
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C
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D
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What is a hydrograph?
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Fill in the labels for the hydrograph below

Explain how each of the following factors affects the shape of the hydrograph

Type of rock

a) Aquiclude
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b) Aquifer
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Gradient of the slope

a) Steep slope
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b) Gentle slope
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Vegetation cover

a) Rural area
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b) Urban area
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Amount of rainfall

a) Heavy rain (antecedent conditions)

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b) No rain (drought conditions)
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1. Fig 1.1. shows a storm hydrograph

a) Using fig 1.1. state the peak discharge [1]
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b) Using fig. 1.1. name A and B [2]

A ____________________
B ____________________

c) Calculate the lag time in fig 1.1. Show all working. [2]
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d) Explain TWO factors that affect the shape of the hydrograph [5]
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1. a) using fig 1 name the component labelled [3]

A __________________________________
B __________________________________
C __________________________________
b) Describe the bankfull stage [2]

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c) Explain TWO factors that may lead to a steep rising limb in a hydrograph
[5]
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OCTOBER NOVEMBER 2018 11

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1. Fig 1.1. shows the components of a drainage basin [2]

a) Identify output A ___________________
Store B ___________________

b) With reference to fig 1.1. describe the effect of the trees on the drainage basin
system [3]
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c) Explain why during a rainfall event, there could be more overland flow than
infiltration. [5]
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Fill in the table on effects of drainage density and the impact on Flood Hydrograph.

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STAGES OF A RIVER

A river is divided into 3 stages

Upper course
Middle course
Lower course

Study the diagrams below and answer all questions

1. Identify each stage of the river
2. Draw a cross profile for each stage
3. Read page 21 in your textbook and write summary notes about each stage

Name the stage: ___________________________

In the box below draw a cross profile of the above stage

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Write summary notes about this stage of the river

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Name the stage of the river __________________________

In the box below draw a cross profile of the stage of the river

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Write summary notes about the above stage of the river

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Name the stage of the river __________________________________________

In the box below draw a labelled cross profile of the river in this stage

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Write summary notes of the river in this stage

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Discuss with examples, the human impact on the drainage basin

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