Administración de la Base de Datos

FUNDAMENTALS

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-1

Resumen de Capítulos:
01 – Creación de una Base de Datos
02 – Gestión de la Instancia
03 – Estructuras de Almacenamiento
04 – Administración de Usuarios
05 – Concurrencia
06 – Entorno de Red
07 – Conceptos de Backup y Recuperación

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-2

1
 Oracle Database Server Structures
Instance
Memory structures
SGA Shared pool

Library
Database cache
User Server Redo log
buffer
process process buffer
cache Data dictionary
cache

Processes DBWn CKPT LGWR SMON PMON ARCn RECO Others

Database

Storage structures

Control Online redo

Data files files log files

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-3

Oracle Database Server Structures

Instance

SGA
DB Buffer Cache Library Cache
Shared pool
Shared
SQL area

Redo log
buffer
Data dictionary
cache

DBWn CKPT LGWR SMON PMON ARCn RECO Others

Server process allocates a private SQL area on behalf of the session.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-4

2
 CREACIÓN DE UNA BASE DE DATOS

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-7

Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-8

3
 Using the DBCA to Create a Database

For more complex environments, you may want to

select the Custom Database option

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1-9

Using the DBCA to Create a Database

The listener must be
configured prior to
3 configuring
Enterprise Manager
for your database.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 10

4
 Using the DBCA to Create a Database
Use this page to specify the passwords for the administrative accounts, such as SYS and SYSTEM

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 11

Using the DBCA to Create a Database

Oracle Managed Files (OMF) You specify operations in terms of

database objects rather than file names.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 12

5
 Using the DBCA to Create a Database
8) If required, specify a flash
recovery area and enable
archiving

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 13

Using the DBCA to Create a Database

Several initialization parameters are set for the lifetime of a database, such as the DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter

10 (A)  Typical or
(B)  Custom mem allocation.
B

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 14

6
 Using the DBCA to Create a Database

11

12

Security Settings: Security has been enhanced in the

Oracle Database 11gYou have the following options:
create your database at this time, save the database
definition as a template, and generate scripts.

11) Enable maintenance tasks

(such as optimizer statistics
collection and proactive
advisor reports)

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 15

Using the DBCA to Create a Database

13) If you selected one of the preconfigured templates for a database, you cannot add or remove control files or data files

13

14

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 16

7
 GESTIÓN DE LA INSTANCIA

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 17

Starting and Stopping Database Control

Database Control uses a server-side agent process, IS automatically starts and stops when the dbconsole process is started or stopped

$ emctl start dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.1.0.6.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2007 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://edrsr12p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ............
started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/
edrsr12p1.us.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log

$ emctl stop dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.1.0.6.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2007 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://edrsr12p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...
... Stopped.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 18

8
 Oracle Enterprise Manager
When you install an Oracle database, Oracle Universal Installer also installs Oracle Enterprise Manager

Note: https://machine_name:port/em
In Oracle Database 11g, the URL to access EM uses HTTPS (instead of HTTP)

Dflt port 1158, check portlist.ini file located in the $ORACLE_HOME\install directory.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 19

Database Home Page

current state of the database by displaying a series of metrics that portray the overall health of the database

Property pages

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 20

9
 Using SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is:
•  A command-line tool
•  Used interactively or in batch mode
$ sqlplus hr/hr

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 5 02:39:20 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing
options

SQL> select last_name from employees;

LAST_NAME
-------------------------
Abel
Ande
Atkinson
…

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 21

Initialization Parameter Files Components

SQL*Plus
> Init Params
DB Startup
DB Shutdown
Alert Log
Perf Views

spfileorcl.ora spfile<SID>.ora
It is a binary file that can be written to and read by the database server and must not be edited manually.

initORCL.ora
The default name of this file (which is automatically sought at startup if an SPFILE is not found) is init<SID>.ora

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 22

10
 Initialization Parameters: Examples:

Parameter Specifies

CONTROL_FILES One or more control file names

DB_FILES Maximum number of database files

PROCESSES Maximum number of OS user processes that can

simultaneously connect
DB_BLOCK_SIZE Standard database block size used by all
tablespaces
DB_CACHE_SIZE Size of the standard block buffer cache

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 23

Using SQL*Plus to View Parameters

SQL> SELECT name , value FROM V$PARAMETER;
NAME VALUE
------------ ----------
lock_name_space 2
processes 150
sessions 170
timed_statistics TRUE
timed_os_statistics 0
…

SQL>SHOW PARAMETER SHARED_POOL_SIZE

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------
shared_pool_size big integer 0

SQL> show parameter para

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------
fast_start_parallel_rollback string LOW
parallel_adaptive_multi_user boolean TRUE
parallel_automatic_tuning boolean FALSE
parallel_execution_message_size integer 2148
parallel_instance_group string
…

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 24

11
 Changing Parameter Values: Examples
SQL> ALTER SESSION
SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT ='mon dd yyyy';

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

SYSDATE
-----------
jun 12 2007

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET

SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS=2 COMMENT='Reduce
from 10 for tighter security.' SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 25

Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:

NOMOUNT
An instance is typically started only in NOMOUNT mode during database creation,
during re-creation of control files, or during certain backup and recovery scenarios.

OPEN
STARTUP

MOUNT

NOMOUNT

Instance
started
SHUTDOWN

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 26

12
 Startup Options: Examples

SQL> startup 1

SQL> startup nomount 2

SQL> alter database mount; 3

SQL> alter database open; 4

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 29

Shutdown Modes

Shutdown Modes A I T N

Allows new connections No No No No

Waits until current sessions end No No No Yes

Waits until current transactions end No No Yes Yes

Forces a checkpoint and closes files No Yes Yes Yes

Shutdown modes:
•  A = ABORT
•  I = IMMEDIATE
•  T = TRANSACTIONAL
•  N = NORMAL

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 30

13
 Shutdown Options: Examples

SQL> shutdown

SQL> shutdown transactional

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> shutdown abort

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 31

Using SQL*Plus to Start Up and Shut Down

This enables you to include startup and shutdown operations as part of a script or batch process

$ sqlplus dba1 as sysdba

Password:

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes

Fixed Size 1218472 bytes
Variable Size 250177624 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 262144 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 32

14
 ESTRUCTURAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 33

Data Dictionary: Overview

The Oracle data dictionary is the description of a database and
contains the names and attributes of all objects in the database

DICTIONARY=DICT, DICT_COLUMNS
Tables
Indexes
Views
Users
Schemas
Procedures
…and so on

SELECT * FROM dictionary;

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 34

15
 Data Dictionary Views
The view prefixes indicate the data (and how much of that data) a given user can see.
The DBA_ views can be queried by users with the SYSDBA or SELECT ANY DICTIONARY privilege

Who Can Contents Subset of Notes

Query

DBA_ DBA Everything N/A May have additional

columns meant for DBA use
only

ALL_ Everyone Everything that DBA_ views Includes user’s own objects
the user has
privileges to
see

USER_ Everyone Everything that ALL_ views Is usually the same as ALL_
the user owns except for the missing
OWNER column (Some views
have abbreviated names as
PUBLIC synonyms.)

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 35

Data Dictionary: Usage Examples

SELECT table_name, tablespace_name

a
FROM user_tables;

SELECT sequence_name, min_value, max_value,

increment_by
b
FROM all_sequences
WHERE sequence_owner IN ('MDSYS','XDB');

SELECT USERNAME, ACCOUNT_STATUS

c FROM dba_users
WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS = 'OPEN';

d DESCRIBE dba_indexes;

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 36

16
 Storage Structures

Logical Physical

Database

Schema Tablespace Data file

Segment

Extent

Oracle data
8 KB OS block
block

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 37

How Table Data Is Stored

Columns Blocks

Table A Table B

Rows

Segment Segment

Table
Tablespace

Row piece Extent

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 38

17
 Database Block: Contents

Block header
Growth
Free space

Row data
actual data for the rows in the block

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 39

Tablespaces and Data Files

The Oracle database stores data logically in tablespaces and

physically in data files.
•  Tablespaces:
–  Can belong to only one database
–  Consist of one or more data files
–  Are further divided into logical units of storage
•  Data files:
–  Can belong to only one Database
tablespace and one database Tablespace
–  Are a repository for schema
object data
Data files

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 40

18
 Enlarging the Database

You can enlarge the database in the following ways:

•  Creating a new tablespace
•  Adding a data file to an existing tablespace
•  Increasing the size of a data file
•  Providing for the dynamic growth of a data file
Database

SYSTEM INVENTORY
tablespace tablespace

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 41

Tablespaces in the Preconfigured Database

•  SYSTEM •  UNDOTBS1
•  SYSAUX •  USERS
•  TEMP •  EXAMPLE

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 42

19
 Viewing Tablespace Contents
select Show Tablespace Contents from the Actions drop-down list and click Go

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 43

ADMINISTRACIÓN DE USUARIOS

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 44

20
 Database User Accounts

Each database user account has:

•  A unique username
•  A default tablespace
•  A temporary tablespace
•  A user profile
•  An account status

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 45

Predefined Accounts: SYS and SYSTEM

•  SYS account: use AS SYSDBA clause for a database instance and AS

SYSASM for an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance
–  Is granted the DBA role
–  Has all privileges with ADMIN OPTION
–  Is required for startup, shutdown, and some maintenance
commands
–  Owns the data dictionary
–  Owns the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
•  SYSTEM account is granted the DBA role.
•  These accounts are not used for routine operations
The SYSTEM account is granted the DBA role by default but not the
SYSDBA privilege

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 46

21
 Predefined Roles

Role Privileges Included

CONNECT CREATE SESSION

RESOURCE CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE

OPERATOR, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE,
CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE
SCHEDULER_ ADMIN CREATE ANY JOB, CREATE EXTERNAL JOB, CREATE
JOB, EXECUTE ANY CLASS, EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM,
MANAGE SCHEDULER
DBA Most system privileges; several other roles. Do not grant
to nonadministrators.
SELECT_ No system privileges; HS_ADMIN_ROLE and over 1,700
CATALOG_ROLE object privileges on the data dictionary

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 47

Creating a User

Select Server > Users, and then click the Create button.
Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 48

22
 Profiles and Users

Users are assigned

only one profile
at a time.
Profiles:
•  Control resource
consumption
•  Manage account
status and
password
expiration

Note: RESOURCE_LIMIT must be set to TRUE before profiles can impose

resource limitations.
Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 49

Unlocking a User Account and

Resetting the Password

Select the user, select Unlock User, and click Go.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 50

23
 Privileges
A privilege is a right to execute a particular type of SQL statement or to access another user’s object

There are two types of user privileges:

•  System: Enables users to perform particular actions in the
database There are more than one hundred distinct system privileges.
Many system privileges contain the ANY clause.
•  Object: Enables users to access and manipulate a specific
object

HR_DBA

Object privilege: System privilege:

Update employees Create session

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 51

CONCURRENCIA

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 59

24
 Manipulating Data by Using SQL .

SQL> INSERT INTO employees VALUES

2 (9999,'Bob','Builder','bob@abc.net',NULL,SYSDATE,
3 'IT_PROG',NULL,NULL,100,90);

1 row created.

SQL> UPDATE employees SET SALARY=6000

2 WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = 9999;

1 row updated.

SQL> DELETE from employees

2 WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = 9999;

1 row deleted.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 60

COMMIT and ROLLBACK Commands

Before COMMIT or ROLLBACK is issued, the changes are in a pending state.

To finish a transaction:
•  COMMIT makes the change permanent
•  ROLLBACK undoes the change

SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 62

25
 DML Locks

Transaction 1 Transaction 2
SQL> UPDATE employees SQL> UPDATE employees
2 SET salary=salary*1.1 2 SET salary=salary*1.1
3 WHERE employee_id= 107; 3 WHERE employee_id= 106;
1 row updated. 1 row updated.

Each DML transaction must acquire two locks:

•  EXCLUSIVE row lock on the row or rows being updated
•  ROW EXCLUSIVE table-level lock on the table containing the
rows

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 63

Enqueue Mechanism
Requests for locks are automatically queued

The enqueue mechanism keeps track of:

•  Sessions waiting for locks
•  Requested lock mode
•  Order in which sessions requested the lock

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 64

26
 ENTORNO DE RED

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 65

Oracle Net Listener

The Oracle Net Listener (or simply the listener) is the gateway to the Oracle instance for all nonlocal user connections.
A single listener can service multiple database instances and thousands of client connections.

Enterprise Listener
Manager
Database
Control Oracle databases

Oracle Net
configuration files
<oracle_home>/network/admin/listener.ora
sqlnet.ora
Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 66

27
 Listener Control Utility Syntax

Commands from the listener control utility can be issued from

the command line or from the LSNRCTL prompt.
•  UNIX or Linux command-line syntax:
$ lsnrctl <command name>
$ lsnrctl start
$ lsnrctl status

•  Prompt syntax:
LSNRCTL> <command name>
LSNRCTL> start
LSNRCTL> status

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 67

Listener Home Page

DifferentsTools for
Configuring and
Managing
the Oracle Network

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 68

28
 Testing Oracle Net Connectivity

The tnsping utility that tests Oracle Net service aliases:

•  Ensures connectivity between the client and the Oracle Net
Listener
•  Does not verify that the requested service is available
•  Supports Easy Connect Names Resolution:
tnsping db.us.oracle.com:1521/dba11g

•  Supports local and directory naming:

tnsping orcl

It offers a quick test to verify that the network path to a destination is good.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 70

User Sessions
If the CONNECT packet requests a valid service name, the listener spawns a new process to deal with the connection.
This new process is known as the server process

Server
process

User session PGA

User process

Listener
Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 71

29
 SGA and PGA
The change in the SGA and PGA is transparent to the user; however,
if you are supporting multiple users, you need to increase the LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter.

Oracle Shared Server: User session data is held

in the SGA.
 SGA  PGA

User   arge pool and

L
Cursor Sort Stack
session other memory
state data space
data structures

Remember to consider shared server memory requirements

when sizing the SGA.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 72

Configuring Communication
Between Databases
A database link is a schema object in one database that enables you to
access objects on another database.

•  Sending data or messages between sites requires network

configuration on both sites.
•  You must configure the following:
–  Network connectivity (for example, TNSNAMES.ora)
–  Database links

CREATE DATABASE LINK <remote_global_name>

CONNECT TO <user> IDENTIFIED BY <pwd>
USING '<connect_string_for_remote_db>';

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 76

30
 Connecting to Another Database
HQ = tnsnames.ora
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = edtdr8p1.us.oracle.com)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl.us.oracle.com)
)
)
CREATE DATABASE LINK hq.oracle.com SQL*Plus
CONNECT TO HR IDENTIFIED BY HR
USING 'hq';

CONNECT hr/hr@hq

SELECT * from HR.employees@hq;

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 77

CONCEPTOS DE BACKUP Y RECUPERACIÓN

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 78

31
 Categories of Failure

Failures can generally be divided into the following categories:

•  Statement failure
•  User process failure
•  Network failure
•  User error
•  Instance failure
•  Media failure

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 79

User Error

Typical Causes Possible Solutions

User inadvertently deletes or Roll back transaction and
modifies data. dependent transactions or rewind
table.
User drops a table. Recover table from recycle bin.

You can use Oracle LogMiner to query your online

redo logs and archived redo logs through an
Enterprise Manager or SQL interface
Oracle LogMiner

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 83

32
 Understanding Instance Recovery:
Checkpoint (CKPT) Process

CKPT is responsible for: SGA

•  Updating data file headers with
checkpoint information Database
buffer cache
•  Updating control files with
checkpoint information
•  Signaling DBWn at DBWn
full checkpoints
Database Writer
process

Control
files
CKPT

Checkpoint process Data files

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 86

Understanding Instance Recovery:

Redo Log Files and LogWriter

Redo log files:

SGA
•  Record changes to the
database
Redo log buffer
•  Should be multiplexed to
protect against loss
LGWR LogWriter writes:
LogWriter
•  At commit
•  When one-third full
•  Every three seconds
Redo log Redo log Redo log
group 1 group 2 group 3 •  Before DBWn writes

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 87

33
 Tuning Instance Recovery

•  During instance recovery, the transactions between the

checkpoint position and the end of redo log must be applied
to data files.
•  You tune instance recovery by controlling the difference
between the checkpoint position and the end of redo log.

Checkpoint position End of redo log

Instance recovery

Transactions

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 89

Redo Log Files

Multiplex redo log groups to protect against media failure and

loss of data. This increases database I/O. It is suggested
that redo log groups have:
•  At least two members (files) per group
•  Each member on a separate disk drive
•  Each member on a separate disk controller

Disk 1 Member Member Member

1 1 1

Disk 2 Member Member Member

2 2 2
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Note: Multiplexing redo logs may impact overall database performance.

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 94

34
 Archive Log Files

To preserve redo information, create archived copies of redo

log files by performing the following steps.
1. Specify archive log file-naming convention.
2. Specify one or more archive log file locations.
3. Switch the database to ARCHIVELOG mode.

Online redo log files Archive log files

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 96

Archiver (ARCn) Process

Archiver (ARCn):
SGA
•  Is an optional background
process
Redo log buffer
•  Automatically archives online
redo log files when
ARCHIVELOG mode is set for LGWR
the database LogWriter
•  Preserves the record of all
changes made to the database Copies of
Redo log Redo log
files files

ARCn
Archiver process
Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS
1 - 97

35
 Enabling ARCHIVELOG Mode
In ARCHIVELOG mode, recovery is possible until
the time of the last commit.

To place the database in ARCHIVELOG mode, perform the

following steps in Enterprise Manager:
1. Select the ARCHIVELOG Mode check box and click Apply.
The database can be set to ARCHIVELOG mode only from
the MOUNT state.
2. Restart the database (with SYSDBA privileges).
3. (Optional) View the archive status.
4. Back up your database.
sqlplus / as sysdba
Note: Databases in ARCHIVELOG
shutdown immediate
mode have access to the full startup mount
range of backup and recovery alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
options. archive log list

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 98

Resumen de Capítulos:
01 – Creación de una Base de Datos
02 – Gestión de la Instancia
03 – Estructuras de Almacenamiento
04 – Administración de Usuarios
05 – Concurrencia
06 – Entorno de Red
07 – Conceptos de Backup y Recuperación

Oracle11gR2: DBA FUNDAMENTALS

1 - 99

36