TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT ON

“ZERO ENERGY BUILDING”

Submitted in partial full-fillment of the requirement for the award of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum
By
YOGITHA MOHANRAJAN
1DS19CV131

Under the guidance of

Dr. SHIVA KUMAR G
(Associate Professor)

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE
ENGINEERING
BENGALURU-560078, KARNATAKA, INDIA
2022 – 2023
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that the seminar report entitled “ZERO ENERGY BUILDING” is a

bonafied work carried out by YOGITHA MOHANRAJAN (1DS19CV131) In
partial fulfilment for the completion of VII semester of Bachelor of Engineering in
Civil Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, under Visvesvaraya
Technical University, Belgaum during Academic year 2022- 2023. It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The technical
seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in
respect of work prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering degree.

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE SIGNATURE OF GUIDE SIGNATURE OF HOD

DR. SHIVA KUMAR G DR. SHATHI V DR. H K RAMARAJU
Associate Professor Associate Professor HOD of Civil Dept &
Civil Dept, DSCE Civil Dept, DSCE Vice Principal of DSCE

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1) .......................................... ..........................................

2) ............................................ ..........................................

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express sincere gratitude to Dr. B G PRASAD, Principal, for his constant

motivation and providing congenial environment.

We would like to thank Dr. H.K. RAMARAJU, Head of the department of Civil
Engineering and Vice-Principal for his valuable suggestions and support to carry
out the entire project work.

Foremost, we would like to express sincerely gratitude to our guide

DR. SHIVAKUMAR G for their valuable and inspiring guidance throughout the
project, without his guidance and help, this project would not have been possible.

We would like to extend sincere thanks to Dayananda Sagar College of

Engineering library.

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 DECLERATION

We hereby declare, that this Technical Seminar Report entitled “ZERO

ENERGY BUILDING” is a bonafide work carried out by us during 2022-2023
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING of Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi, under the
guidance of DR. SHIVA KUMAR G, Assistance professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore.

YOGITHA MOHANRAJAN
1DS19CV131

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

Sl. No Topic Page No.

1. Abstract …….……………………………………………………... 4

2. Introduction ………………………………………………………… 5

3. Literature Review …………………………………………………… 6– 8

Zero Energy Building as Smart Buildng

4.
The Weather
4.1
Novel Structures
4.2.
9-10
4.3 Building Envelop designs

4.4. Window

Challenges faced in creating zero energy

5. 11
buildings………………………………………………………
6. Recommendations for Future Strategies 12

7. Methodology 13

8. Conclusion 14

9. References………………………………………………………. 15

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 ABSTRACT

It is reported that 30 to 40% of all of the primary energy used worldwide is used
in buildings. This high energy use may directly or indirectly affects the
environment. Also it causes climatic changes, degrades the environment and
increases the air pollution. Hence it is necessary to reduce the energy
consumption in the building and necessary steps to be taken to make the
buildings more environmentally sustainable. In recent years, zero energy
building concepts is developed to overcome this problem. The zero energy
building uses natural energy sources to meet the energy requirements of the
building. In this work, we have carried out a study to analyze the performance of
a zero energy building and found that it is possible to have such building in India.

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 INTRODUCTION

The term net zero refers to the balance between the amount of produced
greenhouse gas and the amount removed from the atmosphere. The term Net
Zero Energy Building (NZEB) are characterized as zero net energy consumption
buildings i.e. the total sum of energy used annually by the buildings is
approximately equal to the total sum of the renewable energy produced on site.
Recently, the idea of NZEBs, has changed from the study to practice. There are
only a limited number of highly productive builders at present. The construction
of NZEBs is becoming more and more feasible owing to advancements in
building technology, renewable energy systems and academic research.
Between 2014 and 2035, the global market for goods and services related to
NZEB construction and renovation is expected to rise at a compound annual
growth rate of 44.5%, surpassing $1.4 trillion last year. This is how the concept of
NZEB is getting popular. Caulfield (2017) discussed about the exponential
popularity growth of the NZEB for next two decades. The given Figure (1) shows
the popularity and growth of NZEB revenue by products and services for next
two decades.
India is the developing country and has become one of the major energy
consumers in the world. This is due to industrial growth and globalization which
increases the energy demand of the consumers. It is reported in the literature that
the urban areas contribute 70% and the housing construction and estate
development contribute 40% to the GHG emissions. Few researchers reported
that the buildings contribute approximately 50% of the world’s air pollution, 42%
of GHG emissions, 50% of water pollution and 48% of solid waste to the
environment.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Title of Paper: Concept of Net Zero Energy Buildings

Publication: Elsevier

Journal: Cleaner Engineering and Technology

Author: Rajan Kumar Jayswal, Supriya Chakraborty.

This paper has presented how to show improvement on energy efficiency,

optimize the comfort of occupants and reduce dependency on both the grid and
the municipal supply of potable water by the means of implementation of
sustainable policies. Consequently, the investigation discusses the question of
load match and grid interaction at building level, taking into account on-site
energy usage and generation and has analyZed the contribution of solar PV and
compare the generation of electricity in buildings with the demand for the
buildings.

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2. Title of Paper: Study on Zero Energy building

Publication: Research India Publications

Journal: International Journal of Applied Engineering Research

Author: Saravan Devraj, N Kapilan, T Nagaraja, Albert M.

The zero energy concept will reduce the global warming and help to retain the
nature. The specialty of zero energy building, Prana project, is that the whole
building is made keeping sustainability and green building in mind. The prana
building is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing zero energy
building and demonstrate the functionality of zero energy building in energy
saving.

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3. Title of Paper: Studies on Zero Energy Buildings

Publication: Springer

Journal: J

Author: Vivek Gupta, M Kalpana

The building has a rainwater harvesting system that collects rainwater from the
building roof and are collection in refueling the tank. Also it is necessary to
optimize the usage of water, chilled water and hot water and ST and solar energy
conversion using suitable energy conversion devise.
Sun resources winds rainfall, sources energy and geothermayl heat are somewhat
examples of Renewable all Energy Resources. The aim of this Research Paper is
to focusing on the building to create it a Net Zero by using a Renewable Energy
Resources instead of Non Renewable Resources. We could use Solar Energy to
collect the energy and Wind Energy, Tidal Energy etc to make the building net
zero energy building.
We can not use sources of energy at the level due to the lack of technologies. We
could used Wind Energy when the velocity of air is more high. It works only in
the open areas. The widely use Renewable Source of energy is Solar Energy.
Solar Panel can be used as Solar Photo voltaic cell, solar thermal heater, etc.

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 ZERO ENERGY BUILDING AS A SMART BUILDING

1. Self-Sufficient
2. Sustainable
3. Energy efficient
4. Renewable Powered
5. Smart
6. Mitigation of Pollution
7. Water Management
8. Waste to Wealth
9. Economic

4.1. THE WEATHER

China for instance is situated on the east side of the continent of Eurasia.
Climatic styles in China varies as well as complex. China is classified
predominantly into 5 geographical conditions. Temperature variations between
areas have led to unequal geographic variation. In Shenzhen, Wuhan, and Beijing,
the number of cooling degree days are 2107, 1189, as well as 840, approximately,
indicating that the percentage of cooled energy usage declines from south to
north. Parameters example climate represent variation in the atmosphere. The
strength of global irradiance influence the energy efficiency of a building.

4.2. NOVEL STRUCTURES

The introduction of energy conservation methods in relation to structural

envelopes, utilities coupled with indoor conditions and power self sufficiency
subject to sustainable energy generation sources are the two primary criteria for
achieving the zero energy building goal. Both the intrinsic as well extrinsic
parameters of the structure itself and the context rely on the development strategy.

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4.3. BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN

Envelopes for housing comprise of walls, doors, windows, roofs, and floors as
depicted in Fig. 5. The key elements of a house that obstruct the indoor as well as
outdoor spaces are the walls, exterior windows, a well as roofs. Thermo-physical
characteristics of the materials used in constructing the building and the
airtightness of the structure are key thermal characteristics for the design of the
envelope. The thermal efficiency of a structural envelope has a direct impact on
its energy utilization.

4.4. WINDOW

Window is the least factor to oppose the transfer of heat via envelope of the
house. Energy utilization because of loss of heat caused by the window is
approximately 24% of the overall energy demand of a house [113]. The key
factors influencing the energy usage of windows are heat transfer coefficient,
position, as well as window-to-wall ratio.

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CHALLENGES FACED IN CREATING ZERO ENERGY
BUILDINGS

„ Upfront costs
„ Construction quality
„ Climate limitations
„ No “One approach fits all” solution
„ Pollution associated with building’s embodied carbon
„ 23% Air pollution
„ 40% Drinking water pollution
„ 50% Landfill waste

FIG: FIRST ZERO ENERGY BUILDING IN INDIA

INDIRA PARYAVARAN BUILDING

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 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STRATEGIES

Based on the brief study carried out in this study, following recommendations
can be made:

●Optimization and Holistic plan to capture the complexity of the building

behaviOUR (AbuGrain and Alibaba, 2017).

●Use of plug in loads as building is being more energy efficient along with their
reducing the energy consumption (Chand anachulaka and Khan-n gern (2016)).

●Energy retrofit of residential buildings to the NZEB level is the best practice for
substantially reducing energy demand and fossil fuel dependency (Abdullah and
Alibaba (2017), D'Agostino et al. (2017); Moran et al. (2020)).

●In order to increase the funds available for projects and contribute to more
comprehensive participation, RE should be made a priority sector (Dehwah and
Asif (2019), Santos and Rüther (2012)).

●Skill enhancement training sessions for interested individuals on renewables

will encourage the generation of RE (Musall et al. (2010), Gallo et al. (2015)).

●Favourable thermal comfort conditions and optimal energy balance throughout

the year through detailed energy simulations (Braun and Rüther (2010)).

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 METHODOLOGY

The following steps were adopted in order to achieve the objective of this
study:
1. Create sustainable category definitions and background study for
sustainable construction through literature surveys and study of materials
through data collection.
2. Evaluation of object of the research.
3. Conduct online research to find projects and project information.
4. Layout the problem statement concluded from the above study and provide
architectural and space solutions of energy efficient methods to be adopted
for the construction maintenance.
5. Perform Life Cycle Assessment of sustainable buildings.
6. Perform Design/Energy Analysis and propose frameworks, grid analysis
and temperature test results.
7. Propose various applications and benefit campaigns for encouragement of
use of sustainable buildings in India. The study of actual problem in
adoption of sustainable buildings, its remedies and benefits will be
provided.

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 CONCLUSION

This analysis explains the viability of the NZEB. By building NZEBs instead of
conventional ones, energy for buildings can be generated by own and can
reduce the energy crisis, and the country's environmental emissions. The
guidelines to be followed for the NZEB has been studied and the following the
NZEBs' benefits has been concluded.

●Reduction in energy consumption which reduces the energy crisis.

●Carbon emission reduction which reduces the environmental pollution.
●Energy cost will be very low or near to zero, also generate revenue by selling
extra energy.

Here, this study explored how net-zero energy in existing buildings can be
achieved. The different NZEB policies and guidelines to be followed. The work
defines and classifies NZEB's broad range of performance metrics, thus
initiating a phase towards the implementation of a new high performance
building standard in different European countries.

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