7.

LONG, LONG AGO

QUESTION ANSWERS

Q1. Explain the use of the letters AH, BCE, and CE.

Ans. The use of letters AH, CE, and BCE is stated below:

AH (Anno Hegirae) represents the number of years after the Hijra of Hazrat Muhammad
from Makkah to Madinah.

CE (Common Era) refer to the number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ (Hazrat Isa
)

BCE (Before the Common Era) refers to the time before the birth of Jesus Christ (Hazrat
Isa )

Q2. What do archaeologists do? How does their work help historians?

Ans. Archaeologists study the past artifacts and records. They work together with historians, for
example, archaeologists study the physical remains while historians write about them.

Q3. What was the lifestyle of humans in prehistoric times?

Ans. The humans of prehistoric tribes developed the basic form of tools. Since they were hunter-
gatherers, they hunted other animals and gathered plants and fruits to survive. They moved from
place to place in search of food and water.

Q4. List the inventions of the ancient civilization of Indus Valley, Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Ans.1. Indus Valley Civilization:

 Mohenjo-Daro: pottery, cooking pots, jewellery, tools, and cotton fabric.
 Harappa: Copper and bronze pots, jewellery, carved seals, figurines, and statues.

2. Egyptian Civilization: invented tools, e.g. ox-drawn plough, sickle for harvest, and mills
for grinding grain, hieroglyphs, papyrus for writing, calendar, and clock.

3. Mesopotamian civilization: first to invent writing on clay tablets called cuneiform, sundial
clock, and sailboats.

Q5. In which province was each of these civilization located?

Ans. Harappa was located in Punjab, and Mohenjo-Daro was located in Sindh.
Q6. What led to the discovery of Mohenjo-Daro and when was it discovered?

Ans. People living near Larkana found some old coins and bricks and that led to the discovery of
Mohenjo-Daro in 1922.

Q7. Complete the sentences.

Ans.

a. Mohenjo-Daro is part of Larkana District.

b. Mehrgarh was excavated in 1976
c. The Soan Valley Civilisation dates back to the Stone Age.
d. The Indus Valley people used to trade with Mesopotamians.
e. In your opinion, the Indus Valley Civilization ended because of flooding of the River
Indus.
f. The Harappa Civilisation dates back to 2500 BCE.
g. Indus Valley and Mesopotamians Civilisation trades with one another.
 10. GLOBAL AND MAPS
QUESTION ANSWERS

Q1. Define the terms ‘globe’ and ‘maps’.

Ans. Globe:
A globe is a model of the Earth and is a kind of map. Its shows the whole Earth in a small
space.
Map:
A map is a drawing of places on the Earth seen from directly above.
Q2. How is a globe different from a map?

Ans. The main difference between using a globe and using a map is that you have to turn the globe
in order to see the different parts of the Earth, but on a map of the world you can see every country at
the same time.
Q3. Describe the concepts of BOLTS for reading maps.
Ans. The concept behind BOLTS is to present key elements that help us to read maps and find
details.
Q4. Why are symbols used on a map?
Ans. Symbols are small graphical pictures that are used to represent the real objects on a map.
Q5. What is the importance of legend of a map?
Ans. On a map, the key or legend shows all the symbols and explains what each means. Without a
key it would be impossible to read the map accurately.
Q6. Why are maps drawn to scale?
Ans. Maps are drawn to scale because it is not possible to draw maps of any area as per its actual
size.
 11. OUR COUNTRY AND THE WORLD
QUESTION ANSWERS

Q1. Which countries share borders with Pakistan?

Ans. Pakistan shares borders with Afghanistan, India, Iran, and China.

Q2. What is the importance of the location of Pakistan within the continent of Asia?

Ans. Pakistan location is important because of two reasons:

1. Its nearness to two big powers of the world, China and Russia.
2. It forms an important trade route between the Middle East and Asia.

Q3. Which regions did the Silk Route connect?

Ans. The Silk route connects China and Europe.

Q4. Where is the Karakoram Highway located?

Ans. Karakoram Highway is located on the Silk Route.

Q5. What is the landlocked country?

Ans. A landlocked country is surrounded by land from all sides.

Q6. How does Pakistan help its landlocked neighbours?

Ans. Pakistan helps its landlocked neighbouring countries by allowing them access to its three
ports for trade purposes.

Q7. What is meant by CPEC? How will Pakistan and its neighbouring countries benefit
from CPEC?

Ans. CPEC means China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. It will benefit Pakistan and neighbouring
countries as it will create a network of modern roads, railways, and air transport which will not
only benefit Pakistan and China, but also Iran, Afghanistan, and the Central Asian countries.

Q8. What is the importance of Gwadar Port? Locate it on the map of Pakistan?

Ans. Gwadar Port is important because of its deep seaport, whereas the province of Balochistan
is located at the junction of shipping and oil trade routes. (Ask students to locate Gwadar Port on
the map.
 14. POPULATION
QUESTION ANSWERS

Q1. Define the following terms: ‘Population’, ‘population density’, ‘population distribution’,
and ‘migration’.

Ans. 1. Population: Population is the total number of people living in an area, town, city, province,
country, or the world.

2. Population density: The average number of people living in an area of 1 sq. km is

called the density of population of that area.

3. Population distribution: The pattern of where people live is called population distribution.

4.Migration: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

Q2. Why is the population density not the same in all the provinces of Pakistan?

Ans. The population density is not the same in all the provinces of Pakistan because the number of
people i.e. population in each province is different.

Q5. Complete the following sentences in your notebook.

a. A census is a method used by a government for counting the number of people.

b. It is important to have the census because The government needs
information about its population to plan for supply of food, healthcare,
education, housing, job opportunities, and other public services.
c. The rate of population growth in Pakistan is high because People in villages
prefer having more children for economic reasons, whereas internal
migration is another major cause.
d. A thinly populated area is one where Less people live
e. A densely populated area is one where More people live
f. Density of the population is measured by Calculating the average number of people
living in an area of 1 sq. km
 17. CHOICES & DECISIONS
QUESTION ANSWERS

Q1. What do you understand by economic choice?

Ans. Economic choice means that we spend our money on the things that we need according to
our income.

Q2. What is the difference between needs and wants in our daily lives? Give some
examples from your own experience.

Ans. Needs are necessities of life, whereas wants are things that we like to have but are not
necessary to survive.

e.g. Water, food and shelter are the needs whereas toys, ice-cream, gold jewellery are wants

Q3. Why do governments make economic choices?

Ans. Governments make economic choices because they have limited financial resources that
they have to spend to satisfy the needs and wants of the people.