PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-

NATAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Just In Time

SOLUTIONS

Term 1

GRADE 10

LIFE SCIENCES
January 2020

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 CONTENTS
Topic Page
1. CHEMISTRY OF LIFE…………………………...................................................(3)

Activities (Classworks / Homeworks)…….…………………..……………………………(3)

Activity 1…………………………………………………………………....…….………(3)
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………………………(3)
Activity 3…………………………………………………………………………….……(4)
Activity 4…………………………………………………………………………………(4)
Activity 5…………………………………………………………………………………(5)
Activity 6…………………………………………………………………………………(5)
Activity 7…………………………………………………………………………………(6)
2. CELLS AND MITOSIS:………………………………………………………….…..(7)
Activities (Classworks / Homeworks)…….…………………………………….………(7)
Activity 1……………………………………………………………………….….……(7)
Activity 2………………………………………………………………………………(8)
Activity 3………………………………………………………………………….……(8)
Activity 4………………………………………………………………………………(9)
Activity 5………………………………………………………………………………(9)
Activity 6………………………………………………………………………………(9)
Activity 7……………………………………………………………………..………(10)
Activity 9…………………………………………………………………….….……(10)
Activity 11……………………………………………………………………………(10)
3. MITOSIS AND CELL
Activities (Classworks / Homeworks)…….…………………..………………….…(11)
Activity 1…………………………………………………………………...………(11)
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………..………(12)
Activity 3……………………………………………………………………..……(12)
Activity 4………………………………………………………………….….……(13)
Activity 5…………………………………………………………………..………(13)
Activity 6…………………………………………………………………..………(13)
Activity 7………………………………………………………………………………(14)

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 1. CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK

Activity 1

1.1 Iron √ and Iodine √ (3)

They both in smallest quantity √/ percentage
1.2 Oxygen √ and carbon √ (3)
They both in largest quantity √/ percentage
1.3 Nitrogen √ (1)

1.4 1.4.1 Iron √ (1)

Iodine √ (1)
1.4.2

Calcium √ (1)
1.4.3
1.5 1.5.1 Carry oxygen in the blood √ (1)

To trap sunlight for photosynthesis √ (1)

1.5.2
1.6 Humans are large and multicellular√, hence have more organic compounds (2)
which contain C,H, and O as compared to unicellular micro organism √

Activity 2

Lock and key theorem *√

2.1  Each enzyme has a particular shape√
 The substrate on which the enzyme works fit into the enzyme√
 An enzyme – substrate complex is formed √
 A chemical reaction occurs and the substrate is changed√
 The enzyme and the product are then separated√
 The enzyme is free to react with more of the substrate√ (7)

2.2 Z√ (1)

2.3 Structure represented by Z is unchanged in the reaction √√ (2)

2.4 The enzyme acts as a catalyst√/ facilitate/ control/ speed up the reaction√ (3)
Breaking the substrate down √

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  Enzymes are specific to the substrate √
 Because they have a specific shape √
2.5 (2)

Activity 3

1.1 They put ice cubes√ inside the water bath (1)

1.2 To create different temperatures√ to investigate enzyme activity (1)

1.3 (a) A large amount of gas (oxygen) bubbles will be visible√ (2)

(b) No gas bubbles/oxygen will be visible√

1.4 Because of the high temperature (boiling water) the enzyme catalase in (3)
the chicken becomes inactive /denatures √ and will not be able to break
down hydrogen peroxide√ into water and oxygen√ (no gas bubbles)

1.5 Repeat the investigation several times√/increase the sample size by using (1)
more examples of enzymes

1.6 Enzymes are sensitive to changes in temperature√√ / High temperatures (2)

denature enzymes/ Low temperatures make them temporarily inactive.

Activity 4

4.1

4.1.1 Starch test √ (1)

4.1.2 Glucose test √ (1)

4.1.3 Lipid test √ (1)

4.2

4.2.1 Starch and Lipids √ (1)

4.2.2 Starch and glucose √ (1)

4.3

4.3.1 Bright orange √ (1)

4.3.2 Blueish black or purplish black √ (1)

4.4 Q√ (1)

4.5

4.5.1 Million reagents √ (1)

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 4.5.2 Brick red colour √ (1)

Activity 5

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5.1 Z √, highest amount of vitamin A √ (2)

5.2 W, least amount of vitamin A √ (1)

5.3 Scurvy √ (1)

5.4

5.4.1 Bleeding gums√ (1)

5.4.2 Rash on skin √ (1)

5.4.3 Weakness or fatigue √ (1)
5.5 40 – 10 √ (2)
= 30%√

Activity 6

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6.1 To investigate the effect√ of temperature on enzyme activity√ (2)

6.2

6.2.1 Temperature√ (1)

6.2.2 Enzyme amylase activity√ (1)

6.3 As the temperature increases√ the enzyme increases /decrease / remains the (1)
same√ up to optimum temperature

6.4 Repeat √ the investigation until results are the same (2)
Use same sample√ of enzyme in each temperature and workout average
 Type of enzyme (amylase) √
 Duration√
6.5 (4)
 Amount of enzyme amylase√
 Amount of starch √

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6.6
Line graph showing the effect of temperature on
enzyme activity
100
90
80
70
Units of sugar

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 60 70
Temperature 0C

6.7 As temperature increased, the enzyme activity increased √ up to 40 0C and (2)

any further increase in temperature caused the enzyme activity to decrease√.

6.8 Accept (first hypothesis) √ – since the enzyme activity did increase as the (2)
temperature increased up to 40 0C √

6.9

6.9.1 Optimum temperature√ – Is the temperature at which the enzyme activity is (2)
the best√

6.9.2 40√ 0C√ (2)

Activity 7

7.1 Number of kilograms of wheat per hectare/Yield (1)

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7.2 To comparethe yield obtained when using two types of fertiliser with (1)
the yield of the hectare with no fertiliser

OR

It acts as a control- to ensure that the results obtained are due to the
addition of fertilisers and not any other factor
Any(1x2)

7.3 She could have increased the sample size/number of plots/ (1)
number of plants for each type of fertiliser used
- Repeated the investigation
(Mark first ONE only) any1
7.4  Depletes nutrients in the soil
 Leads to decrease in yield (3)
 Increases pests
 Leads to soil erosion
 Decreases biodiversity

(Mark first THREE only)

The excessive use of fertilisers increases the nutrient contentof the (4)
surrounding river /eutrophication occurs/ water becomes polluted. This
7.5
causes an increase in algal growth /algal bloom. The algae block out
light reducing photosynthesis. Plants and animals depending on
them die increasing decomposition leading to a depletion of
oxygen and reducing the biodiversity/reducing the number of
animal and plant species in the river. Any 4

2. CELLS AND MITOSIS

Activity 1

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1.1. Prokaryotes  (1)
1.2 Unicellular  (1)
1.3 Eukaryote  (1)
1.4 a cell  (1)
1.5 Organelles  (1)

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Activity 2

2.1 The cytoplasm is found within the cell membrane and it surrounds all (1)
the organelles
2.2 It can be very watery or like a colourless jelly (1)
2.3  Water (4)
 Mineral salts
 Sugars 
 Amino acids
 Fatty acids
 Glycerol
 Enzymes
 Nucleic acids
 Vitamins  any

Activity 3

3.1

3.1.1 a)chlorophyll (1)

b) trap radiant energy for photosynthesis (1)
3.1.2 Makes enzymes required for photosynthesis (1)
3.1.3 leucoplast (1)
3.1.4 chromoplasts (1)

3.2
3.2.1
a) A (1)
b) B (1)
3.2.2 PLANT CELL(CELL A) ANIMAL CELL(CELL B) (4)
Plant cells have a cell wall Animals have no cell wall
Cell have a regular shape Cells have an irregular
shape
3.2.3  A nucleus is found in both cells (2)
 A cell membrane is found in both cells 
 Cytoplasm is found in both cells
Any two
3.2.4 These structures are not visible as they are too small to be (2)
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 seen under the light microscope at a low magnification
3.2.5  The nucleus controls all the metabolic activities of the 2
cell
 The nucleus transmit genetic material from cell to cell 

Activity 4

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4.1 Mitochondria (1)
4.2 A- outer membrane B- cristae (1)
4.3 Cellular respiration (1)
4.4 64/25000=0.00256mm (3)

Activity 5

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5.1 A membrane allowing certain substances to move through (2)
and not others. 
5.2 Outside the cell (where there are no sugar molecules) or in (1)
the beaker
5.3  The cell shrinks√ because of the water moving out / (4)
exosmosis. 
 The water potential in the cell is higher than the water
potential outside the cell as sugar molecules reduce water
potential
5.4 (ex) osmosis/plasmilysis (1)

Activity 6

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6.1 Turgid (1)
6.2 Contractile vacuole (1)
6.3 Endosmosis (1)
6.4 Osmoregulation (1)
6.5 Flaccid (1)
6.6 Exosmosis (1)

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Activity 7

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7.1 1 Nucleolus (starting to disappear)  (1)
2 nuclear membrane (starting to disappear)  (1)
3 nucleoplasm (1)
4 centriole (1)
5 spindle fibres (1)
6 centromere (1)
7 chromatid (1)
8 chromosome (1)
9 cell membrane (1)
7.2 An animal cell ; centrioles are present or there is no cell (2)
wall

Activity 9
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9.1 A- Centromere (4)
B-chromatid
D-nucleolus
E- centriole
9.2 4 -1- 5- 2- 3 (5)
9.3 4 (1)

Activity 11

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11.1 There are so many people with cancer/ cancer treatments (2)
have side effects and can make the patient feel unwell.
OR Cancer is not diagnosed early enough so seems that
many people die from it. 
11.2 More pollution environment poisons/ people are more (4)
stressed people are not eating healthy food/ use of
more radiation.  (any 2x 2)
11.3 Ask business to sponsor the treatment use more of the tax (2)
money for the health budget. √

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 3. TISSUES
Activity 1.1: Classwork

1.1 1.1.1 cell (1)

1.1.2 Tissue (1)

1.1.3 Meristematic (1)

1.1.4 Permanent (1)

Activity 1.2: Homework

1.2.1

(a) Meristematic

(b) Lateral

(c) Phloem

(d) Chlorenchyma (c) to (f) can be in any order

(e) Sclerenchyma

(f) Parenchyma (6)

1.2.2  for tabulating

(5)
Apical meristematic Lateral meristematic

 Located at the tip of the plant  Located at the lateral part (lower
branches) of the plant
 Leads to the upward growth of  Leads to the development of
the plant lower branches
Mark first TWO only

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Activity 2: Classwork

2.

Tissue Name Location Function

A Collenchyma Vascular bundles of Strengthens and

leaves supports the aerial
parts of plants

B Parenchyma Roots, stems and Packaging tissue,

leaves stores starch and
allows the movement
of water

C Xylem Vascular bundles of Transport water

roots, stems and through a plant and,
leaves provides support and
strength to the plant

(9)

Activity 3: Classwork

3.1

3.1.1 Columnar (1)

3.1.2 Ciliated columnar (1)

3.2 Both contains many cells with the same structure - (2)
performing the same function

3.3
A Simple Columnar B Ciliated columnar

No cilia Have cilia

 - for tabulating

(3)

3.4  Produces mucus to trap dust

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  has cilia to move the trapped dust out of the body

Mark first ONE only (any 1 x 2) (2)

(9)

Activity 4: Homework

4.1 4.1.1 Ligament (1)

4.1.2 Adipose tissue (1)

4.1.3 Cartilage (1)

4.1.4 Blood (1)

4.2 4.2.1 (a) It contains high calcium content which strengthen (2)
the bones

4.2.2 (b) It contains non-elastic fibres which prevent (2)

stretching of ligaments

4.2.3 (c) Have angular arrangement of myofibres gain (2)

leverage when they contract

(10)

Activity 5: Classwork

5.1 5.1.1 C– striated muscles (2)

5.2 5.2.1 C (1)

5.2.2 F (1)

5.3 C – It is formed by the striated muscles

E – It is formed by smooth muscles (2)

5.4 The body will not sense the stimulus from the environment
and chemical changes within the body
(2)

Activity 6: Classwork

6.1 Setting up the microscope

6.1.1 Correct mirror used (1)

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 6.1.2 Condenser adjusted to allow light to pass through (1)
onto the specimen

6.1.3 Condenser adjusted correctly to focus the light (1)

source onto the specimen

6.1.4 Diaphragm adjusted to regulate the amount of light (1)

reaching the specimen

6.1.5 Specimen in clear focus (1)

6.2 Correct representation

6.2.1 The drawing look like that which is under the (1)
microscope, i.e. are the shape, size, proportion and
position of all parts correct

6.2.2 There is a suitable caption

(1)
6.2.3 Visible parts correctly labelled (1)

6.2.4 Magnification/scale indicated in the caption of the

drawing (1)
(1)
6.2.5 The pencil lines of the drawing are neat and
continuous 
(10)

Activity 7: Classwork
7.1 Undifferentiated cells which are capable of developing into
any type of cells.
(2)

7.2 Adult stem, embryonic stem cells and induced stem cell (3)

7.3  Stem cells replace cells damaged by chemotherapy or

disease

 Serve as a way for the donor's immune system to fight

some types of cancer and blood-related diseases, such (2)
as leukaemia, lymphoma

(7)

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