Experiment 105 Linear Expansion

Experiment 105
Linear Expansion
Group No. _3_

Subject/Section _PHYS101L - B5_
Date of Performance _March 14, 2023_
Date of Submission _March 21, 2023_
Instructor
Linear Expansion
Group 3
PHYS101L - B5
Abstract
This study explores the connection between a body's temperature change, length change, and the
type of material utilized. Data was gathered on the tubes' change in length, resistance, and temperature over
the course of two experiments utilizing an aluminum tube and a copper tube, respectively. The findings
demonstrated that a body's size changes with temperature and material type, with the degree of expansion
depending on the material's molecular structure. The experiment supports the linear expansion hypothesis
and sheds light on the variables influencing the precision of the data gathered.
1. Introduction
then the thermistor lug was inserted
We tested the relationship between a into the hole in the middle of the
body's change in length and its change in aluminum tube. Afterward, the foam
temperature as well as the relationship between insulator was positioned on top of
the length and the type of material utilized in the thermistor lug. Next, the
this experiment by conducting an experiment on resistance of the thermistor at room
the linear expansion utilizing two trials, an temperature ( Ro ) was measured by
aluminum tube and a copper tube. plugging the leads of the ohmmeter
with the banana plug connectors of
The materials were prepared, the the thermistor. Using Ro , the
thermistor lug was connected to the thread temperature equivalent
hole, the leads of the ohmmeter were temperature (T o ) was calculated.
connected to the thermistor's banana plug Next, the dial gauge was set to zero,
connector to obtain the significant resistance, then connect the steam generator
the dial gauge was set to zero, the rubber tube and the dial gauge together using
from the steam generator was connected to the the rubber tubing. After that, the
end of the tube, and the vapor generator was base was lifted on one side to drain
powered up. After waiting for another tube to the condensed water inside the
start producing gas, we observed the dial gauge tube. Afterward, the increase in
rotating counterclockwise and recorded the length (L) and the thermistor
initial, final, and heating rate. resistance (R) were recorded. The
temperature (T ) equivalent to R
2. Materials and Methodology was recorded at the same time.
Once that was done, the change in
In the experiment, the materials utilized temperature ( ΔT ) was computed by
by the group were given: a piece of aluminum using the formula: Δ T =T −T o .
metal tube, a copper metal tube, a digital multi- Then, the experimental data was
tester, a set of an expansion base with a built-in computed by following the formula:
gauge and thermistor, a piece of foam insulator, ΔL
α= . Afterward, the percent
a piece of rubber tubing, a meterstick, and a Lo ΔT
steam generator. error was calculated by using the
formula:
● First, the initial length of the α actual −α experimental
aluminum tube ( Lo ) using the %error = ×100 %.
α actual
meterstick. Afterward, the tube was
placed on the expansion base, and
The actual coefficient of linear basis for calculating the error. From
expansion was given in this table: observation, the experimental value of the
linear expansion should be less than the
actual value to produce a low error. In
addition, it's also important to note that the
change in the length of the tubes should not
be too great to produce a low percentage
error. However, these values can be
affected by approximation and
manipulation.
Also, the theory states that matter

Figure 1: Coefficient of Linear Expansion of expands when its temperature changes, as
Solids well as its surrounding temperature. In the
experiment, two rods are connected to a
Once done, the experiment would be steam generator, when the temperature of
repeated using the copper tube instead. the tube gets extremely hot, it causes the
length of the rod to extend. This proved the
3. Results and Discussion theory correct in the experiment.
Due to the complexity of the data collected
from various equipment, it's important that
multiple trials are conducted to ensure that 4. Conclusion
the results are reliable. One of the most The objectives of an experiment were
common factors that can affect the achieved by using the theory of linear
accuracy of the data is the change in the expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion
variable's temperature. The variables that was determined by calculating the ratio of the
are independent are the initial change in length to the original length for every
temperature, length of the tubes, the degree change in temperature. The experiment
resistance of the thermistor, and the linear showed that the change in a body's dimension is
coefficient of copper and aluminum. On the a function of the change in temperature,
other hand, the variables that are verifying the dependence of a body's change in
dependent on one another are the length on its change in temperature. The brass
temperature of the steam generator, the tube, being a solid material, experienced a small
resistance of the thermistor, and the increase in size due to its fixed shape compared
change in the tube's temperature. to liquid and gas, which expand more. The
amount of expansion depends on the molecular
The corresponding value of the structure of the material, verifying the
linear expansion is computed depending on dependence of a body's change in length on the
the type of solid being used. This is the kind of material.
EXPERIMENT NO. 105 : LINEAR EXPANSION
Trial / Type of Tube Trial 1. Aluminum Tube Trial 2. Brass Tube
L
Initial Length of Tube, o 700 mm 700 mm
Initial Resistance of Thermistor at Room Temperature, Ro 96,400 Ω 90,000 Ω
Initial Temperature, To 260C 270C
Change in Length of Tube, ΔL 1.2 mm 0.85 mm
Resistance of Thermistor at Final Temperature, R 9,500 Ω 9,200 Ω
Final Temperature of the Tube, T 840C 850C
Change in temperature of the Tube, T - To 580C 580C
Experimental Coefficient of Linear Expansion,

α experimental 2.955665*10⁻⁵/0C 2.093*10⁻⁵/0C
Actual Coefficient of Linear Expansion,

α actual 23.80 x 10 - 6/0C 16.80 x 10 – 6/0C
Percentage Error 24.19% 24.583%

Experiment 105 Linear Expansion

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Experiment 105

Group No. _3_

Also, the theory states that matter

Trial / Type of Tube Trial 1. Aluminum Tube Trial 2. Brass Tube

Initial Resistance of Thermistor at Room Temperature, Ro 96,400 Ω 90,000 Ω

Initial Temperature, To 260C 270C

Change in Length of Tube, ΔL 1.2 mm 0.85 mm

Resistance of Thermistor at Final Temperature, R 9,500 Ω 9,200 Ω

Final Temperature of the Tube, T 840C 850C

Change in temperature of the Tube, T - To 580C 580C

Experimental Coefficient of Linear Expansion,

Actual Coefficient of Linear Expansion,

Percentage Error 24.19% 24.583%

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