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Avgvi c‡ÿ Am¤¢e wQ‡jv| ab¨ev` Rvbvw”Q eÜz kÖveY‡K, m¼‡U I mvd‡j¨ cv‡k _vKvi Rb¨|

M‡elYvKg© PjvKv‡j Avwg cÖavbZ e¨envi K‡iwQ Avgvi e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwi, gBbywÏb Lv‡j` I
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fwel¨‡Zi †jLK ev cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q G‡m †c․uQvq Zvi g~j¨vq‡bi `vwqZ¡| eZ©gvb M‡elYv †mB
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wbqZ wbR©bZvcÖqvmx K_vKvi knx`yj Rwni(1953-2008) RbRxe‡bi †¯ªvZ †_‡K c„_K

†_‡KI †mB Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb iPbv K‡iB wb‡Ri ch©‡eÿYcvi½gZv, Zvi ZxÿèZv Ges
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wkí‡m․K‡h©i Zz½¯úk©x GB K_vmvwnwZ¨K wb‡R‡K evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i g~javivi Ab¨Zg cÖavb
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Zvui †g․wjK iPbv wfbœ Ab¨ m~Î eZ©gvb M‡el‡Ki Kv‡Q AcÖZzj g‡b n‡q‡Q| djZ Z_¨-DcvË
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q cÖavbZ †jL‡Ki g~jMÖš’mg~n| Z‡e †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` m¤úvw`Z
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Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKwU mij web¨v‡m eZ©gvb M‡elYvK‡g©i welqm~wP mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg †h‡nZz
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ch©vqµ‡g Dcb¨vmmg~n Ges †m¸‡jvi welq‣ewPΨ, †QvUM‡íi MÖš’mg~n I Zv‡`i welq‣ewPΨ;
AZtci Zvui K_vmvwn‡Z¨ e¨eüZ cÖKi‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv A½xf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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AvR‡Ki M‡elYvq †h Zvrch© we‡køwlZ n‡q‡Q, Kv‡ji cwieZ©‡b Zv cÖwZwbqZ wbZ¨be gvnv‡Z¥¨
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bq| KviY knx`yj Rwn‡ii K_vmvwnZ¨ wewPÎgvwÎK; Zvi Zvrch© mÜv‡bi mxwgZ cÖqvm G
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 m~wPcÎ

c„ôv

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Rxeb 7-14

wØZxq Aa¨vq
knx`yj Rwni I mgKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwnZ¨ 15-20

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí: cÖ_gch©vq
cvivcvi : welq‣ewPΨ I cÖKiY 21-43

PZz_© Aa¨vq
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí: †klch©vq
Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí
Ges Wjyb`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí :welq‣ewPΨ I cÖKiY 44-91

cÂg Aa¨vq
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Dcb¨vm : welq‣ewPΨ I cÖKiY
Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv, Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨
†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj Ges gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL 92-144

Dcmsnvi 145-146

MÖš’cwÄ 147-150
 cÖ_g Aa¨vq

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Rxeb

evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kÖô K_vmvwnwZ¨K knx`yj Rwn‡ii Rb¥ eZ©gvb cyivb XvKvi bvwi›`vq,
fRnwi w÷ª‡Ui 36 b¤^i evwo‡Z 1953 wLª÷v‡ãi 11 †m‡Þ¤^i; RvqMvwU †jvKgy‡L cÖwm×
Ôf~‡Zi MwjÕ bv‡g| wcZv G †K b~iæj nK I gvZv Rvnvbviv †eM‡gi bq mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ knx`yj
Rwn‡ii Ae¯’vb wØZxq| cvuP fvB‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb mevi e‡ov|1 miKvwi PvKz‡i wcZv b~iæj nK
wQ‡jb mv‡K©j Awdmvi (Dbœqb)| wbqwgZ e`j n‡Zv Zvui Kg©‡ÿÎ| m¤¢eZ GB e`wji m~‡ÎB
wZwb XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb 1958 m‡b Ges wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ‡jb mšÍvb‡`i wb‡q GLv‡bB emevm
Kivi| GB gb¯‥vgbv wmw× Ki‡ZB wZwb XvKvq GKwU ¯’vqx wbevm Mo‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb,
wVKvbv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb 331/1 bqv‡Uvjv, eo gMevRvi, XvKv 1217 ; hw`I Zvui ¯’vqx wbevm
wmivRMÄ †Rjvi ivqMÄ _vbvi nvwkj MÖv‡g|

cwiev‡ii m‡½ XvKvq G‡mB knx`yj Rwn‡ii wkÿRxeb ïiæ nq 1958 m‡b, fwZ© nb i¨vswKb
w÷ª‡Ui wmjfvi‡Wj wKÛviMv‡U©‡b; 1958 †_‡K 1961 mb ch©šÍ GB cÖwZôv‡bB wZwb ÷¨vÛvW©-
2 m¤úbœ K‡i ÷¨vÛvW©-3 -G fwZ© nb HwZn¨evnx †m›U †hv‡kd †UKwbK¨vj ¯‥z‡j 1961 m‡b|
†mLvb †_‡K 1962 m‡b P‡j hvb K‡jwR‡qU ¯‥z‡j,GLv‡b cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ c‡o 1964 m‡b
wcZvi e`wj m~‡Î Zvu‡K P‡j †h‡Z nq gqgbwms‡n, fwZ© nb dzjevwoqv nvB ¯‥z‡ji lô
†kÖwY‡Z| lô I mßg †kÖwY †kl Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zvui wcZvi Avevi e`wji AW©vi Av‡m; Gev‡i
PÆMÖvg| wKš‘ eQ‡ii gvSvgvwS nIqvq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i covïbvi K_v wPšÍv K‡i cwievi
gqgbwms‡n †i‡L wcZv b~iæj nK PÆMÖv‡gi mvZKvwbqvq Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hvM †`b| 1966 m‡b
knx`yj Rwni cwiev‡ii m‡½ PÆMÖv‡gi mvZKvwbqvq wM‡q evevi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î emevm Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| GLv‡bB mvZKvwbqv g‡Wj nvB ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nb Aóg †kÖwY‡Z|2

mvZKvwbqv I dzjevwoqv emev‡mi AwfÁZv knx`yj Rwni Aÿq K‡i †i‡L‡Qb Zvui iPbvq,
Ô†Kv_vq cv‡ev Zv‡iÕ, ÔWjy b`xi nvIqvÕ GB Mí `ywU‡Z, Ges wKq`sk Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ
Dcb¨v‡m mvZKvwbqvi AwfÁZv we‡klZ †f․‡MvwjK Ávb I fvlvfw½ cÖ‡qvMm~‡Î| GLv‡bB
wZwb GmGmwm ch©šÍ cov‡kvbv K‡ib Ges 1969 m‡b gvbweK wefvM †_‡K GmGmwm cvk
K‡i XvKvq G‡m fwZ© nb XvKv K‡j‡Ri gvbweK wefv‡M| 1971 m‡bi GBPGmwm cixÿv_©x
7
_vK‡jI gyw³hy‡×i DËvj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zv ¯’wMZ _v‡K Ges ¯^vaxb evsjvq 1972-G wZwb D”P
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D”P gva¨wgK ev K‡jR Rxeb knx`yj Rwn‡ii gbb MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
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Rwo‡q hvb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z3| AZtci XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wZwb fwZ© nb ivóªweÁvb
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wZwb| 1976 m‡b AbywôZ ¯œvZK (m¤§vb) cixÿv Ges 1977 m‡b ¯œvZ‡KvËi cixÿvq DËxY©
n‡q wZwb PvKwi MÖnY K‡ib 1978 m‡b| wimvP© Awdmvi wn‡m‡e A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©‣bwZK
m¤úK© wefv‡M wZwb PvKwi K‡ib 1978 †_‡K 1981 mb ch©šÍ| Zvici miKvwi Kg© Kwgk‡bi
(wewmGm) cixÿvq cvk K‡i wZwb 1981 e¨v‡P miKvwi PvKwi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib †hvMv‡hvM
gš¿Yvj‡qi mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e||

QvÎRxe‡bB knx`yj Rwni †jLv‡jwL‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| †m †jLvi Dcv`vb msMÖn K‡ib
wZwb evevi e`wji PvKwii e‡`․j‡Z; wewfbœ A‡ji †f․‡MvwjK-mvs¯‥…wZK AwfÁZv, we‡klZ
cyivb XvKv, wmivRMÄ, gqgbwmsn Ges PÆMÖvg A‡ji| ZvQvov K‡jRRxe‡bi QvÎ ivRbxwZi
m‡½ cÖZ¨ÿ †hvM Ges gvK©mev‡` wek¦vm¯’vcb Zvui ivR‣bwZK AwfÁZv I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cÖLi
cÖÁvjv‡f mnvqZv K‡i| Zvici gnvb gyw³hy‡× mcwiev‡i AvµvšÍ nIqvi m~‡Î AwR©Z
RxebvwfÁZv Zvui Rxe‡b †h m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †`q †m¸‡jvB cieZ©xKv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zvui
iPbv¸‡jvi welq wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z _v‡K evievi| ZvQvov evsjv I wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i
cvVvwfÁZv Zvui m„Rbkxj gbb‡K m„Rb‡cÖiYvi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| djZ, wek¦we`¨vjq Rxe‡bB
†jLK wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U knx`yj Rwn‡ii5|

miKvwi PvKwi‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡MB wZwb †jLK wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki †cÖiYvq wb‡Ri cÖ_g
MíMÖš’ ÔcvivcviÕ-Gi cvÐzwjwc Rgv †`b Ôgy³avivÕ cÖKvkbvq| wKš‘ eBwUi cvÐzwjwc cvuP eQi
cÖKv‡ki A‡cÿvq †_‡K cÖKvk jvf K‡i 1985 m‡b6|GB MÖ‡š’ wZwb knx`yj Rwni bb, †jLK
wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri bvg e¨envi K‡ib knx`yj nK| wb‡Ri cvwievwiKfv‡e cÖvß GB bvg wb‡qB wZwb
AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib mvwnZ¨RM‡Z| K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi e¯‘ev`x ivRbxwZi PP©vjä
Rxeb‡eva-B cÖavbZ GB MíMÖ‡š’i cÖavb myi| wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi Ñ we‡klZ wb¤œweË gvby‡li

8
Rxe‡bi ev¯ÍeZv, AšÍev©¯ÍeZvi ¯^iƒc I Rxe‡b wU‡K _vKvi AvKzwZi Øvw›ØK ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡LB
wZwb G-MÖ‡š’i cvuPwU M‡íi welqe¯‘ mvwR‡q‡Qb7|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ wZwb †hvM w`‡q‡Qb wewmGm 81 e¨v‡Pi Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e miKvwi PvKwi‡Z| miKvwi
Avgjv wn‡m‡e hvwcZ Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvmg~nI wZwb mvwn‡Z¨i AvL¨v‡b wb‡q G‡m‡Qb; †hgb
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RwUjZvi m‡½ cÖavbZ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Kg©‡ÿ‡Î `ybx©wZ‡Z Rwo‡q covi welq Ges inm¨RbKfv‡e
†mB `ybx©wZi †eovRv‡j c‡o cÖvY nviv‡bv Kg©KZ©vi Kvwnwb| Rxe‡bi †h †Kv‡bv ch©v‡qi
AwfÁZv‡KB wZwb cyuwR wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, Ges ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Zvui Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii
AwfÁZvivwkB M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jv GK Abb¨mvaviY AvL¨vbe„Ë|

PvKwii cÖ_g wZb eQi A_©vr 1981 †_‡K 1984 m‡b emevm K‡ib miKvwi †KvqvU©vi
ÔBwjwkqvgÕ-G| Gmgq wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib †hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvj‡qi moK I moK cwienb
wefv‡Mi mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e| Gici AvM÷ 1984 †_‡K Rvbyqvwi 1991 ch©šÍ wZwb emevm
K‡ib †M‡R‡UW Awdmvm© e¨v‡Pji †nv‡÷j, wMÖb †ivW, XvKvi 2 b¤^i wewìs‡qi K-13 msL¨K
evmvq| Gi g‡a¨ wZwb moK I cwienb wefvM †_‡K mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e e`wj nb evwYR¨
gš¿Yvj‡q, Ges 29.01.1984 †_‡K 19.10.1987 ch©šÍ cvjb K‡ib †mB `vwqZ¡| Zvici
Zvui c`we cwiewZ©Z nq; cÖ_‡g mnKvix I wKQzw`b ci wmwbqi mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©‣bwZK m¤úK© wefv‡M 20.10 1987 †_‡K 31.07.1991
ch©šÍ| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wZwb 1988-89 Ges 1989-90 mg‡qi g‡a¨ XvKv¯’ divwm mvs¯‥…wZK †K›`ª
Avwjqum d«u‡mR †_‡K `ywU wW‡cøvgv wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| jÿYxq †h †ckvMZ Rxe‡bi cvkvcvwk
†jLv‡jwLi Kvh©µg hyMcr Pvjv‡jI wZwb w·kvaŸ© evOvwj cyiæl wn‡m‡e ZLbI we‡qi e¨vcv‡i
AvMÖn †`Lvbwb| GB AvMÖn Zvui R‡b¥ wb †Kv‡bv AÁvZ Kvi‡Y| †Kgb GK wbwj©wß fi K‡i
_vKvq m¤¢eZ bi-bvixi cvwievwiK m¤úK© Movi welqUv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z mÿg nb wb
knx`yj Rwni8|

Z‡e bvixi g‡bvRM‡Zi m‡½ wehy³ _vKv knx`yj Rwni GB ga¨eZ©x mg‡qB cÖejfv‡e hy³ n‡q
c‡ob mvwn‡Z¨i m‡½| cÖ_g MíMÖš’ cÖKv‡ki ci GB AšÍe©Z©xKv‡jB knx`yj Rwn‡ii
RxebvwfÁZv I we‡`wk mvwnZ¨cv‡Vi AwfÁZv Zvu‡K bZzb K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j| GKRb †g․wjK
wkíxi †h gh©v`v wZwb Kvgbv K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ_g MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki ci, cÂvk I lv‡Ui `k‡Ki

9
bvgKiv cÖwZwôZ evOvwj K_vwkíx‡`i iPbvi gvb`‡Ð †m¸‡jv mn‡RB AbyKiY e‡j cÖwZfvZ
n‡Z _v‡K| djZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii AvšÍwiKZvi J¾¡j¨ XvKv c‡o hvq Zrc~e© •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn&, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm cÖgy‡Li wkíKvqvi ¯^KxqZvwbô
‣ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y|

cÖ_g ch©v‡q ¯^vZš¿¨ AR©‡b e¨_© knx`yj Rwni ZvB e¨wZµgx wkífzeb M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
Abykxjb ïiæ K‡ib GB ga¨eZ©x mgqUzKz‡Z| †mB cÖ‡PóvB M‡o †Zv‡j bZzb knx`yj Rwni‡K|
hvu‡K Avwe®‥vi Kiv hvq 1989 m‡b cÖKvwkZ ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ bvgK cÖ_g
Dcb¨v‡m| G MÖ‡š’ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq GK wfbœ knx`yj Rwni‡K| GB Dcb¨v‡mB wZwb bZzb bvg
MÖnY K‡ib| mb‡`i Ôknx`yj nKÕ n‡q hvb knx`yj Rwni| wb‡Ri wkíxmËvi †h ¸YMZ
cwieZ©b B‡Zvg‡a¨B wZwb aviY K‡i‡Qb AšÍ‡jv©‡K, Zvi cÖKv‡ki †Pnviv‡ZI †hb bZzbZ¡ wb‡q
Avmvi cÖZ¨q cÖwZfvZ n‡q I‡V GB bvg cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨| †jLK Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, wcZvg‡ni
bv‡gi †klvsk wZwb wb‡Ri bv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i‡Qb GLv‡b9|

wKš‘ hv wZwb cwiev‡ii HwZn¨ †_‡K MÖnY K‡ibwb Zv n‡jv Zvui G-c‡e© iwPZ mvwnZ¨‣ewkó¨|
we‡klZ gv‡K©‡Ri †jLvi m‡½ cwiPq NUvq GK ai‡bi Dc¯’vcbvMZ cwieZ©b Zvui
fvebv‡jv‡K †XD †L‡j hvq Ges †mwU‡KB GKwU Míejvi c×wZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i wb‡Ri
Mímg~n ej‡Z ïiæ K‡ib wZwb10|mgmvgwqK Kv‡j Zvui we‡`khvÎv Ges †mLvbKvi AwfÁZv
DËivaywbK KvjcÖevn‡K eyS‡Z I we‡kølY Ki‡Z AviI mnvqK n‡q I‡V| wZwb ûevU© nvg‡d«
†d‡jvwk‡ci †d‡jv n‡q Av‡gwiKvi `¨ Av‡gwiKvb BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z GKeQi mgq AwZevwnZ
K‡ib AMv÷, 1991 †_‡K Ryb, 1992 ch©šÍ|

1989 m‡b cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi cieZ©x iPbvmg~n GB †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡-k~b¨Zvi mg‡qB
weKwkZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| G mg‡q wZwb iPbv K‡ib Zvuj weL¨vZ MíØq ÔAvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z
bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bBÕ(1991) Ges ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ(1992)| GBme M‡í knx`yj Rwni
Mí ejvi GK wewkó fw½ cÖ`k©b K‡ib, ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨v‡m hvi
A¼z‡iv`Mg jÿ Kiv †M‡Q| AZtci µgk Rwni wb‡Ri ¯^Kxq eqbfw½ iß Ki‡Qb mvd‡j¨i
m‡½| G-ch©v‡q ÔwbcyYÕ Ryb 8, 1991 msL¨vq cÖKvk cvq Rwn‡ii Av‡iKwU ÿz`ª Dcb¨vm, bvgÑ
Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨11| gv‡K©‡Ri ÔµwbKj Ae G †W_ †dvi‡UvìÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g‡ZvB GKwU
c~e©vbywgZ g„Zz¨i Kvwnwb †ek mij evK¨eq‡b wZwb GB Dcb¨v‡m eY©bv Ki‡Qb| AvgjvRxe‡bi

10
cwiwPZ AbyNU‡K mvRv‡bv GKwU NUbvi m¤¢ve¨ cwiYwZ Gu‡K wZwb wb‡Ri †ckvMZ Rxe‡bi
gvbweK cwiPq cÖKv‡k D‡`¨vMx n‡q‡Qb GB Dcb¨v‡m|

Av‡gwiKv †_‡K wd‡i G‡m wZwb ¯’vbxq miKvi I cjøx Dbœqb gš¿Yvj‡qi cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq
wefv‡M †hvM †`b wmwbqi mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e| 18 RyjvB 1992 †_‡K 29 †m‡Þ¤^i 1994
ch©šÍ envj _v‡Kb †mB c‡`| GiB g‡a¨ cÖKvk cvq Zvui ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbylÕ(1992) Ges ÔGB
mgqÕ(1993) bvgK MíØq| cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕi wkíZiæ ms¯‥iYI
cÖKvk cvq G mg‡qB; 1994 m‡bi †deªæqvwi‡Z| Av‡gwiKv †_‡K wd‡i G‡m wZwb †nv‡Uj
Bwjwkqv‡gi K-10 msL¨K d¬¨v‡U I‡Vb| GLv‡bB wZwb evm K‡ib my`xN© 10 eQi, A_©vrÑ
1991 †_‡K 2001 mb ch©šÍ|| wcZ…M„‡ni ci, GB evm¯’vbwUB †jL‡Ki Rxe‡b `xN©¯’vqx n‡q
I‡V|

Gici Dc-cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e XvKvi mvfvi-w¯’Z evsjv‡`k †jvK cÖkvmb cÖwkÿY †K‡›`ª `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib 30.09. 1994 †_‡K 31. 12. 1995 ch©šÍ| Zvui Z…Zxq Dcb¨vm Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv
wQjÕ12cÖKvk cvq GB ga¨eZ©x mg‡q| gvwUi AšÍi †_‡K cÖvY cvIqv e„‡ÿi g‡Zv µgcÖmvwiZ
gwdRywÏb I Zvi cwievie‡M©i DÌvb Ges Zv‡`i mevi KiæY g„Zz¨i AvL¨vb GB Dcb¨vmwUi
cvkvcvwk Zvui ÔKvuUvÕ(1995) MíwUI GB mg‡q cÖKvwkZ nq| MíwUi bvg hw`I cÖ_‡g wQ‡jv
Ôg‡bvRM‡Zi KvuUvÕ wKš‘ cieZ©xKv‡j †jLK Gi bvg ïay ÔKvuUvÕ iv‡Lb13| Zvui c~Y© weiwZnxb
GKgvÎ Mí ÔAvgv‡`i KzwUiwk‡íi BwZnvmÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1995 m‡bB| †hb GK weivgnxb
cwieZ©‡bi wkívqb‡K wZwb dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb GB M‡í| †ckvMZ Rxe‡bI wZwb wQ‡jb
weivgnxb| Dc-cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l wZwb wmwbqi mnKvix mwPe wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b
weÁvb I cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvj‡q| 01.01. 1996 †_‡K †m c‡` AwawôZ _v‡Kb 1999 m‡bi 25 gvP©
ch©šÍ| 1999 m‡bi †deªæqvwi‡ZB †ei nq Zvui wØZxq MíMÖš’ ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨
MíÕ14|

1999 m‡bi 19 GwcÖj knx`yj Rwni c‡`vbœwZ wb‡q DcmwPe wn‡m‡e A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi
A_©‣bwZK m¤úK© wefv‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib; Kg©iZ _v‡Kb 6 b‡f¤^i 2001 mb ch©šÍ| Zvici
DcmwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ wb‡q cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e e`wj nb cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vj‡q| Gmgq Zvui AvevwmK
wVKvbvI e`j nq| wMÖb †iv‡Wi evmv †Q‡o wZwb D‡V Av‡mb †eBwj †ivW GjvKvq Ges 2004
mb ch©šÍ Ae¯’vb K‡ib wewìs-12, d¬¨vU-12, †eBwj Wv¤ú, XvKv Ñ GB wVKvbvq| cÖavbgš¿xi

11
Kvh©vjq †_‡K hyM¥mwP‡e c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡i cybivq A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©‣bwZK m¤úK© wefv‡M
wd‡i hvb; †mLvb †_‡K 2005 m‡b AwZwi³ mwPe gh©v`vq DbœxZ n‡q wUwmwei †Pqvig¨vb
wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡q| G mg‡q cÖKvk cvq Zvui †ek K‡qKwU Mí Ges †mme
Mí 2004 m‡b MÖš’fz³ n‡q Zvui Z…Zxq MíMÖš’ wn‡m‡e ÔWjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ15 bv‡g
cÖKvk cvq|

wUwmwei †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l wZwb evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡qiB Av‡iKwU wefvMÑ
wWcvU©‡g›U Ae BÝy¨‡iÝÑGi wPd K‡›Uªvjvi wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb| †eBwj †iv‡W Zvui wVKvbv e`j
nq| †g 2004 mb †_‡K †g 2006 mb ch©šÍ wZwb Ae¯’vb K‡ib †eBwj †¯‥vqv‡ii 111 bs
wewì‡Oi d¬¨vU- 17 †Z| 2006 m‡bi †deªæqvwi gv‡m gvIjv eªv`vm© †_‡KB †ei nq Zvui PZz_©
I †kl Dcb¨vm Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ| †kl `ywU MíMÖ‡š’i bvbv M‡í Ges †kl Dcb¨vmwU‡Z
knx`yj Rwni m~²Zvi m‡½ AvuK‡Z _v‡Kb Zvui ev‡j¨i ¯§„wZevwnZ cyivb XvKvi Rxeb‡KÑ †m
Rxe‡bi hvwš¿KZv, gvbweKZv, gyw³hy‡×i fqvj ¯§„wZ, inm¨gq †jvKwek¦vm Ges A™¢~Z AvPvi-
ms¯‥vi| e¯‘Z G c‡e©B knx`yj Rwn‡ii wkíK…wZ ¯^Zš¿ I P~ovšÍ Awfe¨Äbvq AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i|

BÝy¨‡iÝ wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui wPd K‡›Uªvjv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l wZwb 2006 m‡b wd‡i hvb AwZwi³
mwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ wb‡q A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©‣bwZK m¤úK© wefv‡M| AZtci fvicÖvß mwPe wn‡m‡e
2007 mb †_‡K Avg„Zz¨ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cve©Z¨PÆMÖvg welqK
gš¿Yvj‡q| Gmgq cvVK mgv‡ek Zvui wbe©vwPZ Mí I wbe©vwPZ Dcb¨vm †ei K‡i h_vµ‡g
†deªæqvwi 2006 I †deªæqvwi 2007 m‡b| 2008 m‡bi 23 gvP© Zvwi‡L ü`‡ivM RwbZ Kvi‡Y
evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i GB ÿYRb¥v e¨w³Z¡ g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

12
Z_¨wb‡`©k:

1. Òknx`yj Rwni-knx`yj nK-knx` fvB| Avgvi AMÖR| evev-gvÕi wØZxq mšÍvb, †R¨ô cyÎ| Avgv‡`i
cvuP fvB, Pvi †ev‡bi cwiev‡i ... Avgiv †QvUiv Zv‡K WvKZvg fvB e‡j|Ó Ñ Aby‡Ri K_v: nvweeyj
nK; m~Î Ñ †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv;
2010| c„ôv Ñ 525|

2. Ò1966 †Z Avgiv †Mjvg mvZKvwbqv‡Z| fvB mvZKvwbqv g‡Wj nvB ¯‥z‡j Aóg †kÖYx‡Z fwZ©
n‡jb, Avwg lô‡Z|ÓÑ Aby‡Ri K_v: nvweeyj nK; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ526|

3. Avm‡j ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZv K‡j‡R †XvKvi ci| hLb Avwg XvKv K‡j‡S cwo, jvj eB cov ïiæ
nq ZLb| c‡KU mvB‡Ri eB jvj cøvw÷‡Ki gjvU †`qv| Avgvi K‡qKRb eÜzi m‡½ Avwg QvÎ
BDwbqb Kiv ïiæ Kijvg| Ñ Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv mvÿvrKvi; m~Î:cÖv¸³; c„ôv- 563|

4. ÒAveŸv Zvui eo †Q‡j‡K e¨vwi÷vi evbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jbÓÑ Aby‡Ri K_v: nvweeyj nK; cÖv¸³;c„ôv-
527|

5. knx`yj Rwn‡ii AbyR nvweeyj n‡Ki Revwb‡Z cvIqv hvq Zvui †jLK wnw‡m‡e cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki
msev` :Òknx` fvB K‡e †jLv ïiæ Ki‡jb ejv gykwKj| hZ`~i g‡b c‡o dzjevoxqv _vK‡Z ˆ`wbK
cqMvg cwÎKvi wkï wK‡kvi‡`i cvZvq Zvi GKwU †QvU KweZv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj, †mUvB m¤¢eZ Zvi
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ †jLv|... wek¦we`¨vj‡q covi mgq cybivq †jLv ïiæ K‡ib|ÓÑ nvweeyj nK;
cÖv¸³;c„ôv-528|

6. Avgvi cÖ_g eB 1985 mv‡j (cÖKvwkZ) cvivcvi| eBwU cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jv gy³aviv| ... Avwg
cvÐzwjwc Rgv w`‡qwQjvg 1980 mv‡j| cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cvuP eQi mgq †j‡MwQ‡jv| Ñ nvgxg Kvgiæj
nK KZ©„K M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi: m~Î Ñ †gvn¤§` Ave`yi ikx`, cÖv¸³, c„ôv- 611|

7. Òcvivcvi eBUvB Mwie †jvK‡`i wbqv †jLv, kn‡ii Mwie, MÖv‡gi Mwie|Ó Ñ Kvgiæ¾vgvb
Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv mvÿvrKvi; m~Î: cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 567|

8. we‡q Ki‡Qb bv †Kb? mvÿvrKvi MÖnYKvix nvgxg Kvgiæj n‡Ki Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e knx`yj Rwni
Rvbvb: Òe¨w³MZ wKQz KviY Av‡Q| ZvQvov Avwg †h‡Kv‡bv bvixi mv‡_ _vK‡Z AvMÖnx bv| GUv
Avm‡j wWdvB‡Ûej bv|Ó m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 617|

9. wb‡Ri bvg knx`yj nL †_‡K cwieZ©b K‡i knx`yj Rwni Ki‡jb †Kb Ñ Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e wZwb
Rvbvb: Ò †`Lv †M‡jv †h, knx`yj nK bv‡g †jv‡K Avgv‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Avgvi †jLv Qvcv‡bvi
c‡iI fve‡Q †h, Avwg, Avwg bv| KviY ZLb Ab¨ GKRb knx`yj nK wQ‡jb, UvBg‡mi m¤úv`K,
†jLv‡jwL Ki‡Zb, Av‡iKRb Av‡Qb knx`yj nK Lvb| G‡`I `yBR‡bi m‡½ cÖvqB Avgv‡K ¸jvqv
†djv nw”Qj| Avwg eySjvg †h, Giv Avgvi mgm¨vi Rb¨ wbðqB wb‡Ri bvg e`jv‡eb bv, Avwg
AL¨vZ, Avgv‡KB e`jvB‡Z n‡e| RwniDwÏb Avgvi `v`vi bvg| Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv
mvÿvrKvi; m~Î: cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 571

13
10. ÒZLb Avwg gv‡K©‡Ri Iqvb nv‡ÛªW Bqvm© Ae mwjwPDW c‡o †djvq Zvi KvQ †_‡K Rv`yev¯ÍeZvi
iPbvc×wZwU †bB| Avgvi g‡b nq †h, Avwg Avgvi Kvwnbx •Zwi‡Z A‡bK `~i ch©šÍ ¯^vaxbZv wb‡Z
cvwi, Avgvi Kíbv‡K m¤¢ve¨Zvi cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ wbqv †h‡Z cvwi|Ó Ñ Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv
mvÿvrKvi; m~Î: cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 578|

11. †jL‡Ki g„Zz¨i ci cÖKvk cvq eBwUi †kvfb MÖš’iƒc : Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨; gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv|
2009|

12. †m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj : wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv| †deªæqvwi 1995|

13. ÒG M‡íi bvgUv Avwg `yBevi cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| cÖ_g wj‡LwQ ÔKvuUvÕ c‡i Avevi wj‡LwQ
Ôg‡bvRM‡Zi KvuUvÕ|... Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q †h, GK`g e‡j †`qvi `iKvi †bB †h, GUv g‡bvRM‡Zi
KvuvUv| KvuUv wewfbœ iK‡gi Av‡Q, cvVK wVK K‡i wb‡e|Ó Ñ Avi †K iwb KZ©„K M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi|
m~Î: †gvn¤§` Ave`yi ikx`, cÖv¸³, c„ôv- 624|

14. Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí : wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv; 1999|

15. Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí : gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv; †deªæqvwi 2004|

14
 wØZxq Aa¨vq

knx`yj Rwni I mgKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwnZ¨

GKwU wbw`©ó KvjL‡Ð emevmiZ wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K Gov‡Z cv‡ib bv Zvui mgKvj‡K; `„wó I
†ev‡ai e¨vL¨vZxZ gvnvZ¥¨‡hv‡M mgKvjxbcÖvYcÖevn‡K Zvuiv a‡i iv‡Lb AmvaviY fw½‡Z|
cÖ‡Z¨K m„Rbÿg wkíxiB i‡q‡Q ¯^Zš¿ AšÍ`©„wó| GKB mg‡q †`Lv GKwU welq wewfbœ wkíxi
†Pv‡L wewfbœ gvÎv wb‡q D™¢vwmZ n‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœZvm‡Ë¡I Zvu‡`i mvwnZ¨Kg©n‡q I‡V GKB
KvjL‡Ði wewfbœ ¯§vi‡Ki gh©v`vm¤úbœ| GB wewfbœ i‡Oi GKÎ Av‡qvR‡bB GKwU mg‡qi iwOb
g~wZ© Avwe®‥vi m¤¢e n‡q I‡V| GKwU mgqL‡Ði wewfbœ iO wg‡jB M‡o I‡VGKwU wek`
K¨vbfvm | †mLv‡bB cvIqv hvq †mB mgqL‡Ði c~Y© cwiPq|

g~jZ Avwki `k‡Ki †jLK n‡jI cÖKvkKv‡ji wePv‡i knx`yj Rwni mˇii `k‡Ki wkíx|
Zvui cÖ_g MíMÖš’ mˇii `k‡Ki †klch©v‡q cÖKvwkZ nIqvq mˇii wkíQvc Zvui †m-mg‡qi
iPbvq cyó; wKš‘ †h knx`yj Rwni evsjv‡`‡ki Z_v evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m e¨wZµg e‡j
¯^xK…Z, †mB knx`yj Rwn‡ii AvZ¥cÖKvk Avwki `k‡K| †jLK knx`yj nK †_‡K wkíx knx`yj
Rwn‡ii iƒcvšÍi N‡U‡Q Zvui ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡qB| djZ
hyMcrfv‡e mËi I Avwki `k‡Ki evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i GKwU ¯§iYxq evu‡Ki mv‡_ `„k¨Z Zvui
m¤ú„w³ N‡U †M‡Q| e¯‘Z ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x weeZ©gvb K_vmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e mËvi weeZ©bmn
knx`yj Rwni aviY K‡i Av‡Qb GKwU †`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨i evuKe`‡ji BwZnvm|

¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©xKv‡j, evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨i aviv engvb _v‡K g~jZ lv‡Ui K_vwkíx‡`i

gva¨‡gB| wKš‘ GKwU bZzb †`‡ki Rb¥ Zvu‡`i mvg‡b mvwn‡Z¨i welq wn‡m‡e wb‡q Av‡m beZi
cÖm½| GB mg‡qi bZzb †jLKivI GKw`‡K †hgb c~e©Zb avivi AbyeZ©b K‡ib Ab¨w`‡K
†Zgwb mgKvjxb cÖm½I A½xKvi K‡i| djZ bZzb-cyi‡bv mK‡j wg‡j iPbv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb
bZzbfv‡e cÖvß GKwU †`‡ki Rbmgv‡Ri mvwnZ¨-Avw½K| knx`yj Rwni GB bZzb‡`i `jfy³
wkíx|

cÂvk I lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †jL‡Kiv Zvu‡`i RxebvwfÁZv wn‡m‡e †hgb †c‡qwQ‡jb wefvMc~e©
Pwjø‡ki `k‡Ki evsjvi Av_©-mvgvwRK †cÖÿvcU, †m mg‡qi ivRbxwZ Ges Z¾vZ `ywf©ÿ,
†`kfvM Ges ZrcieZ©x ivwóªK •elg¨, wbh©vZb Ges gnvb ivóªfvlv-Av‡›`vjb; †Zgwb

15
¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x bZzb †jL‡Kiv †c‡qwQ‡jb ¯^vaxbZvc~e© I cieZx© gvb‡li Rxe‡bi
ev¯ÍeZvmg~n| m‡e©vcwi GB mg‡qi mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv †c‡qwQ‡jb GKwU bZzb †`k; Zvi Rb¥wbwnZ
†cÖiYvmg~n, †c‡qwQ‡jb †m †`‡ki M‡o IVvi ¯^cœ Ges ¯^cœf‡½i `„k¨mg~n| GB AwfÁZv¸wjB
n‡q D‡V‡Q Zvu‡`i g~jab; G¸wj cyuwR K‡iB Zvu‡`i AvZ¥cÖKvk Ges ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j GKwU
cwiMVgvb RvwZmËvi weeZ©gvb Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK BwZe„ˇK †K›`ª K‡i Zvu‡`i
iPbvi cwie¨vwß1| knx`yj RwniI GB cÖe„wËmg~n AvËxK…Z K‡iwQ‡jb AKzwÉZ cÖZ¨‡q|

knx`yj Rwn‡ii mgmvgwqK A_©vr mËi- Avwki `k‡Ki K_vmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e hvu‡`i MY¨ Kiv
nq, Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ †jLK wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvkK…Z †jL‡Ki msL¨vB †ewk| †hgb AvLZviæ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm, gvngy`yj nK, ikx` Kixg, wiwRqv ingvb, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †mwjbv †nv‡mb cÖgyL|
Zvu‡`i cieZ©x cÖRb¥ wKš‘ knx`yj Rwn‡ii mgmvgwqK‡`i g‡a¨ MíKvi Avn‡g` ekxi, bvmixb
Rvnvb, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, gÄy miKvi, nwic` `Ë, mykvšÍ gRyg`vi, gnxeyj AvwRR,
cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, BgwZqvi kvgxg, KvRj kvn‡bIqvR cÖgy‡Li MíK_v¸‡jvI Aek¨we‡eP¨|

¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgwRK ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L Zvu‡`i K_vmvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb welq

wn‡m‡e RvqMv K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jv GKwU bZzb †`‡ki bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Rxeb, cvkvcvwk MÖvgxY
Rxe‡bi bvbvwea msKU; ZrcieZ©xKv‡j Av_©-Drcv`bKvVv‡gvi cwieZ©bmv‡c‡ÿ Rxe‡bi
A_©bxwZ, A_©cxwoZ bibvixi Rxeb, bvixi Drcv`bkxjZv, ewnM©vgx Rxe‡bi msKUmg~n Zvu‡`i
K_wbKvi welq wn‡m‡e ¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q:

ÒDcKiY wbe©vPb I welqfvebvi w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x Dcb¨vm‡K cÖavbZ

wZbwU avivq ¯’vcb K‡i we‡kølY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: GK. MÖvgRxebvwfÁZvi iƒcvšÍi I Zvi
iƒcvqY; `yB.ga¨we‡Ëi eûgyLx †PZbvi iƒc-iƒcvšÍi; Ges wZb.gyw³hy‡×i AwfÁZv I hy×-
DrmvwiZ †PZbvi iƒcvqY|Ó2

Z‡e GB cÖeYZvi evB‡i wM‡qI A‡bK K_vKvi AvuK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb evOvwji Rxe‡bi AvL¨vbiƒc|
A‡b‡K iƒccÖKí wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb evOvwji HwZnvwmK gnv-AvL¨vb‡K| Kíbvi we¯Ív‡ii
mv‡_ HwZnvwmK DcKiY wgwk‡q Zvuiv wbg©vY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb evOvwji mvnmx AZx‡Zi iƒcKí|
AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqvm GB cÖ‡Póvi ev¯Íevq‡b Qvwo‡q †M‡Qb mgmvgwqK mKj K_vwkíx‡K|
AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki HwZnvwmK exiMv_v (dwKi-mbœ¨vm we‡`ªvn) †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wZwb ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki DÌvb c‡e©i me‡P‡q Afz¨Ìv‡bi NUbv ch©šÍ (69 Gi MY-Afz¨Ìvb) wZwb Zvui `ywU

16
Dcb¨v‡mi[wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB ;1987 I †Lvqvebvgv ;1996] K_vgvjvq hy³ K‡i‡Qb
gwngvgwÐZ wkí‡eva cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g| GB avivq D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Avey Rvdi
kvgmyÏx‡bi weL¨vZ Îqx Ñ fvIqvj M‡oi DcvL¨vb (1963), cÙv †gNbv hgybv (1974) I
msKi msKxZ©b (1980), mi`vi R‡qbD`&`x‡bi A‡bK m~‡h© Avkv (1967)weaŸ¯Í †iv‡`i †XD
(1975) BZ¨vw` Dcb¨v‡mi bvg|

GKwU RvwZ wn‡m‡e †Kgb wQ‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki AZxZ Avi Zvi avivevwnKZvq Zvi AR©b Kx
Avi Kx †c‡Z cviZvg, †Kv_vq Avgv‡`i fzj Avi †Kv_vq †M․i‡ei AR©b †m-mgxKiY-B
GBme BwZnvm-HwZn¨ A‡š^lK K_vmvwn‡Z¨i g~j welq| †mB welqmg~n AviI Mfxi †_‡K
wPwýZ Kivi cÖqvm †`wL‡q‡Qb kIKZ Avjx Zvui ÔcÖ‡`v‡l cÖvK…ZRbÕ-G, †mwjbv †nv‡mb Zvui
Ôbxj gq~‡ii †h․ebÕ-Dcb¨v‡m| GmgqKvi †QvUM‡í BwZnv‡mi Zzjbvq Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q mgKvjxb
Rxe‡bi ÿZv³ wPÎmg~n| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&-cieZ©xKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMíKviMY
¯^vaxbZv-c~e©Kv‡j, we‡klZ lv‡Ui `k‡K, cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Qbevsjvi RbRxe‡bi Abycy•L
w`K¸‡jv‡K| AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡`i g‡Zv cÖwZwôZ †jLK †hgb evsjvi Rxeb‡K bZzbiƒ‡c
†`‡L‡Qb G-c‡e©, †Zgwb nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki g‡Zv Avb‡Kviv †jLKI cwiYZ Kíbvi
ev¯ÍweK evK¨eq‡b AvZ¥cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Qb|

ÔR‡jk¦ixi wkíxÕ •mq` kvgmyj nK kn‡ii gvqv †Q‡o avweZ n‡q‡Qb R‡jk¦ix cv‡ii
RbRxe‡bi w`‡K, kIKZ Avjx Zvui ivR‣bwZK AwfÁvbA‡š^lY K‡i‡Qb mgZjwe¯Ívix
MYgvby‡li Rxe‡b, ÔbvpvBÕ Dcb¨vm I Ab¨vb¨ Mímg~‡n; Ôcvb‡K․woi i‡³Õi MíKvi n‡q
D‡V‡Qb Kwe Avj gvngy`| A_©vr bMivf¨šÍwiK Rxe‡bi cvkvcvwk ¯^vaxbZv-cÖvß RvZxqZv‡eva
wkíx‡K wb‡Ri RvwZmËvi ¯^iƒc D‡b¥vP‡b ZvwoZ Ki‡Q nvRvi eQ‡ii MÖvgRxe‡bi w`‡K| Avey
Bmnv‡Ki Ô†RvuKÕ-cieZ©x Mígvjv †gvo wbq‡Q wfbœ w`‡K| knx`yj Rwni I Zvui mgmvgwqK
K_vKviMY †mB wfbœ †gv‡oi wkíx|

mgq hLb †f‡O hv‡”Q, ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª n‡q DV‡Q Rxe‡bi Abyf~wZmg~n; hLb Av_©-mvgvwRK
cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ ¸iæZ¡en n‡q D‡V‡Q RbRxe‡bi ivR‣bwZK AwfNvZgvjv; gvbyl hLb
wek¦vm nviv‡”Q †`kxq ivRbxwZi fwel¨‡Zi IciÑ knx`yj Rwni †mB mg‡qi fvlvwkíx|

17
e¯‘Z, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Mí †kl nevi bq †Kv‡bvw`b| MíKviMY †QvUM‡íi mxgvqZ †d«‡g
wKsev Dcb¨v‡mi we¯Í…Z K¨vbfv‡m Zvi KwíZ web¨vm K‡ib gvÎ| Kíbvi gvÎvMv¤¢xh© I eq‡bi
mvejxjZv cÖgvY K‡i K_‡Ki ÿgZv| knx`yj Rwni †mB ÿgZvjä K_vKvi whwb mgKvjxb
evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Pjgvb avivwU mg„w×i mv‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z †c‡i‡Qb mm¤§v‡b| wb‡Ri
cÖ_g ch©v‡qi M‡íi g‡a¨ wZwb welq wn‡m‡e †h †kÖwYi gvby‡li Rxeb‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb, wØZxq
ch©v‡q Zvi we¯Ívi N‡U‡Q| djZ Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e wZwb hvÎv ïiæ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb c~Y©v½
cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡qB| bM‡ii Rxeb, cyivb XvKvi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb XvKvi ga¨weË Rxeb, bM‡i
bZzb Avmv Db¥~j gvbyl; MÖv‡gi Rxeb, K…lK Avi QÙ-mvg‡šÍi Øvw›ØK Rxeb, P~ovšÍ †kvl‡Y
f~wg‡Z wgwj‡q hvIqv Rxeb; gyw³hy×- gyw³hy×Kvjxb msK‡U wbqwZi †ivlvb‡j c‡o AvU‡K
cov gvby‡li Rxeb, Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z gg© nvwi‡q †djvi k~b¨Zv‡evavµvšÍ Rxeb, mewKQz †c‡q
wKQzB bv cvIqvi wi³ZvK¬všÍ Rxeb wZwb M‡í-Dcb¨v‡m Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb|

Z‡e †h welqwU knx`yj Rwni‡K ¯^vZš¿¨gwÐZK‡i‡Q Zv n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy×|

gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ Zvui ALÐ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GK avivevwnK cÖKvk †`Lv hvq Zvui iPbvK‡g©| Rwn‡ii
Dcb¨vm I wØZxqc‡e©i Mígvjvq gyw³hy× ¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q GK AbwZµg¨ kw³ I ¯§„wZi
g‡Zv| †hb †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Zvui cvÎcvÎxi Rxeb gyw³hy‡×i cÖm½ e¨wZ‡i‡K cwic~Y© bq,
Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡en NUbvwUi DrmviY N‡U‡Q †hb †mB gyw³hy× †_‡KB| djZ
Zvui wØZxq c‡e©i wU M‡íi g‡a¨ wU‡ZB gyw³hy‡×i Dcw¯’wZ jÿ Kiv hvq, †`Lv hvq ÔRxeb I
ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Ges Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ Dcb¨vm؇qi AvL¨v‡b| iPbvi msL¨v I
†mLv‡b gyw³hy‡×i Dcw¯’wZi nvi we‡ePbvq knx`yj Rwni Zvui mgqKvi †kÖô I cÖavbZg
AvL¨vbKvi|

hw`I cuPvËi-cieZ©x cÖvq †`o `k‡Ki mgikvmb GKwU Aeiæ× cwiw¯’wZ m„wó Kivi cvkvcvwk
gyw³hy‡×i †M․ieevnx RvZxqZv‡eva‡K ¤øvb K‡i †`qvi †Póvq wbišÍi †j‡M _vKv kvmKkw³i
weiæ‡× cÖwZev`gyLi GK m„Rbwµqvi D™¢e N‡UwQ‡jv ZrKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨, ZeyI
knx`yj Rwni †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb wb‡Ri ¯^Zš¿c_| wb‡Ri Mígvjvi Af¨šÍi mvwR‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri
g‡Zv K‡i, GKwU †Mvôxi Mí Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i RxebvwfÁZv wn‡m‡e wewea Av¯^v‡`
gyw³hyׇK AvL¨vbfz³ K‡i‡Qb| djZ gyw³hy×, ZrcieZ©x ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯’wZmg~n Ges
GZØv¯ÍeZvq MÖvg I kn‡ii wewfbœ †kÖwYfz³ gvby‡li weeZ©gvb Rxebev¯ÍeZv; ¯^‡`k, ¯^vaxbZv-

18
mve©‡f․g msµvšÍ Zv‡`i fvebv I wek¦v‡mi cwieZ©b-cwiea©b Ges †mB cwieZ©‡b e¨w³ ev
†Mvôxi g‡bi Zver AwfNvZ Zvui Mí-Dcb¨v‡m evisevi cÖm½ n‡q G‡m‡Q|

wel‡qi •ewP‡Î¨i cvkvcvwk knx`yj Rwni mgmvgwqK‡`i KvQ †_‡K wb‡R‡K c„_K K‡i‡Qb Mí
ejvi fw½i gva¨‡g| cÖ_g MíMÖš’ ÔcvivcviÕ-G K_bfw½gvq †h knx`yj Rwni‡K cvIqv hvq Zv
g~jZ IB mg‡q cÖPwjZ IqvjxDjøvn&-Nivbvfz³ c×wZ; Rxe‡bi DcwiZ‡ji Mí¸‡jv †hLv‡b
g‡bv‡jv‡Ki wb¤œZ‡ji AwfÁZvRvwiZ n‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ-
cieZ©x knx`yj Rwni wb‡R‡K bZzb K‡i M‡o wb‡q‡Qb| DËivaywbK cÖZ¨‡q Mí‡K AviI †f‡O
UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i AšÍnxb mxgvq evuavi †K․kj ZLb Zvui AvqËvaxb Ges †j․wKK eY©bfw½
Zvui Abvqvm| G-ch©v‡q •mq` kvgmyj nK †hfv‡e Zvui ÔR‡jk¦ixi Mí¸‡jvÕ‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
GKwU †K․‡gi wPšÍbwe›`y I †cÖÿY‡KvY e¨envi K‡i, hv‡K mgv‡jvPbvi mijfv‡l¨ wPwýZ Kiv
nq gv‡K©mxq ixwZ wn‡m‡e, knx`yj Zvui Mí¸‡jv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †mB fw½gvq| Z‡e
mgKvjPwP©Z GKwU RbwcÖq ÷vBwjw÷K cÖeYZv †_‡K bq, †hb GB ixwZB wQ‡jv Zvui Aviva¨
fw½gv †mB wek¦vm †_‡KB ixwZwU‡K ¯^xKiY K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb Ges Zv iÿv K‡i †M‡Qb Avg„Zz¨|
mvgwóK †cÖÿYwe›`yi bvbv‡K․wYK cÖ‡qv‡M wZwbGKwU M‡íi NUbv‡K †`Lv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wewfbœ
Zj †_‡K, Dcmsnv‡ii †LvjvgyL m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z Ges GKwU †kl bv-nIqv e„‡Ë †MvjK avuavu
•Zwi K‡i M‡íi imwb®úwˇZ G‡b‡Q wfbœ imm¤¢vebv|

mgKv‡j ¯^ícÖR, wKš‘ wkígv‡b D”PZi †kÖwYfz³ †jLK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z knx`yj Rwni g~jZ
cwieZ©gvb mg‡qi gwR©Uv‡KB my¯úó Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb evisevi; Kvh©Z msL¨vq Kg n‡jI GKwU
wbw`©ó `kK-e„‡Ë wb‡R‡K AvU‡K iv‡Lbwb| mZZ mr †_‡K mgq‡K wbixÿv K‡i‡Qb,
eqbfw½‡Z bZzbZ¡ Avbq‡b m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb me©`v Ges wb‡R‡K K‡i‡Qb Pjgvb mg‡qi mv‡_
fwel¨cÖmvix| Avi †h iPbv ev wkícÖ‡Póv wb‡Ri Kvj‡K Qvwo‡q AbvMZ fwel¨‡Zi iæwP‡KI
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv-B n‡q I‡V aªæc`x; †m wn‡m‡e knx`yj Rwni Zvui mgKv‡ji aªæc`x-
wbg©vZv|

19
Z_¨wb‡`©k:

1. evsjv‡`‡ki Mí Rxe‡bi K_KZv, wKš‘ G-Rxeb wef³ MÖvg I kn‡ii cUf~wg‡Z| hy‡×vËi
D¾xweZ evsjv‡`‡k msN‡PZbv cÖej nIqviB K_v Ges msN‡PZbv cÖej n‡j Avgv‡`I mvwnZ¨
g„wËKv-m¤ú„³ gvby‡li K_v e‡j| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbv mg„× cÂv‡ki `kK hLb D¾xweZ-
D”PwKZ; mvgwiK kvmb-Aeiæ× lv‡Ui `kK AšÍg©yLx I wØavwš^Z e¨w³MZ RM‡Z| G-D`vniY
hy‡×vËi mËi I Avwki `kK m¤ú‡K©I cÖ‡hvR¨| mˇii `kK MÖvgRxeb I msN‡PZbvq D”PwKZ
wKš‘ mvgwiK kvmb AvµvšÍ Avwk I Acyó beŸB `k‡Ki Mí cÖavbZ kniRxeb I e¨w³MZ
wew”QbœZvi AvZ©wPrKvi| Ñ wmivRyj Bmjvg: evsjv‡`‡ki cuwPk eQ‡ii †QvUMí; evsjv‡`‡ki
cuwPk eQ‡ii mvwnZ¨ (mvC`-Di ingvb m¤úvw`Z), evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv| 2003; c„ôv Ñ 92|

2. iwdKDjøvn& Lvb: kZe‡l©i evsjv Dcb¨vm; gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv; 2000; c„ôv Ñ 78|

20
 Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí: cÖ_g ch©vq

cvivcvi1

evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨†h nv‡Z-†Mvbv KRb K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki Av‡jvKSjK n‡q D‡V‡Q

w`Kwb‡`©kx knx`yj RwniZvu‡`i g‡a¨ ci‡jvKMZ AbyRvbyR| wbqZ Rbwew”QbœZvwcÖq GB wkíx
wQ‡jb ¯^ícÖR, wKš‘ GKBmv‡_ wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ weij`„ó wkí`„óv‡šÍi wbg©vZv| Z‡e
Zvui AvZ¥cÖKvk AvKw¯§K ev wew”Qbœg~j bq, eis Zrc~‡e© cÖwZwôZ evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨i
DrK…óZg avivi DËivwaKvi wZwb| Zvui cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ MíMÖš’ Ôcvivcv‡iÕi cÖwZwU fvebvi
web¨v‡m †mB DËivwaKvi-AwfÁvb n‡q Av‡Q DrKxY©| hw`I ¯^xK…Z ¯^KxqZvcÖvwß I
Av‡Z¥vcjwäi ci knx`yj Rwni †mB AwfÁvbvKxY© MÖš’‡K Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb A¯^xKvi, ZeyI †mB
MÖš’wU n‡q Av‡Q GKRb wkíxi D™¢vm‡bi cÖvgvwYK m‡Z¨i wPý| AvuZz‡oi MÜgvLv KvM‡Ri
N‡ii g‡Zv IB MÖš’wUB †NvlYv Ki‡Q K_vKvi knx`yj Rwn‡ii n‡q IVvi wkí‣kkexq
Awfe¨w³|

ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨vm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i me©‡kl iPbvq AvL¨vbeq‡bi †K․k‡j I
welq fvebvi Abb¨Zvq †h knx`yj Rwni‡K evsjvmvwnZ¨ Ae‡jvKb K‡i, ÔcvivcviÕ ch©v‡q
knx`yj Rwn‡ii †mB wkía¨v‡bi Kvqv Abycw¯’Z| ZLb †h wkíx M‡íi cmiv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z
n‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb Pj‡b-ej‡b I fvebvq evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨i cyiæ‡lvËg e¨w³Z¡ •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn&i-B DËicyiæl| Pwjøk I cÂv‡ki `k‡K IqvjxDjøvn& evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †h
AvšÍR©vwZKZvi †Qvuqv w`‡jb, ZvuiB my‡hvM¨ DËivwaKvi knx`yj Rwni| Rxe‡bi Mí mij
fvlvq eY©bvi ixwZ‡K ¯^xK„wZ w`‡qI IqvjxDjøvn& evsjv‡`‡ki Mí‡K K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb wد^wiK,
KLbI ev eû¯^iv| DËiKvjxb wkíxiv †mB ¯^ieûjZvq hy³ K‡i‡Qb eû‣ewPΨ, evsjv Mí n‡q
D‡V‡Q eû‡K․wYK-cvVm¤¢e| Pwi‡Îi Rxe‡bi DcwiZj, cÖwZ‡e‡ki wewfbœZvm„ó wewPÎ
AwfNvZ, AwfNvZRvZ g‡bvmsMVbÑ Zvi wµqv-cÖwZwµqv, A_©-mgvR I ivRbxwZi ewnwe©b¨vm
I AšÍwe©b¨vm, m‡e©vcwi gvby‡li eûP~Y© Rxe‡bi mg¯Í AvL¨vb AšÍf©~Z n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi
welq-ej‡q| knx`yj Rwni GB IqvjxDjøvn&-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki K_vwkíx‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|

21
wKš‘ Zvui cÖ_gw`‡Ki iPbvq i‡q †M‡Q †mB bgm¨ c~e©m~wii wkíwPý, nq‡Zv †m-Kvi‡YB, wZwb
†mB cÖ_g MíMÖš’wU‡K Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb A¯^xKvi2, ZeyI GwUB Zvui AvuZzoMÜx wkívwfÁvb|

GB AvuZzoKvjxb MíMÖ‡š’ cwiwgZ wkí‡eva DrKxY© K‡i knx`yj Rwni gvÎ cvuPwU Mí cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZwU M‡íi welqe¯‘ M‡o D‡V‡Q †mBme gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wN‡i, mgv‡Ri cÖvšÍ-
ch©v‡q hv‡`i emevm|

fv‡jvevmv

iPbvi Kvj wePv‡i Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ knx`yj Rwn‡ii cÖ_g Mí| wZwb ZLb wjL‡Zb knx`yj nK
bv‡g, cvivcvi MíMÖš’wU cÖKv‡ki mgq MíKv‡ii bvg knx`yj nK-B wQ‡jv| iPbvi welq-
we‡ePbvq wZwb †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb wb¤œeM©xq gvby‡li Rxeb, Zv‡`i †eu‡P _vKv, †mB †eu‡P _vKvi
AwewgkÖ iƒcÑ Zv‡`i nvwm-Kvbœv, cÖvwßi Avb›`, bv cvIqvi †e`bv, wRNvsmv, †jvf cÖf…wZ|
G‡ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mgvR KvVv‡gvi wb¤œZ‡j emevmiZ gvby‡li w`‡K c~e©m~ix
AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi g‡ZvB Pig-wb‡g©vnZvi m‡½B `„wó‡ÿcY Ki‡wQ‡jb wZwb; Avi Zz‡j
G‡bwQ‡jb ü`-SjKv‡bv ev¯ÍeZv| †m w`K w`‡q ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i me¸‡jv MíB wb¤œe‡M©i
e¯‘wbô AvL¨vb| Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ GB MíMÖ‡š’i cÖ_g Mí|

MíwU AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q Av‡e`v Avi nvwdRwÏi `vwi`ª¨wK¬ó msmvi Rxe‡bi GKw`‡bi Nbxf~Z
fv‡jvevmvi cÖKvk‡K wN‡i| knx` w`e‡mi Rb¨ mevB‡K dzj wQuo‡Z †`‡L wb‡RI GKwU dzj
wQu‡o G‡b nvwdRwÏ N‡i †i‡L w`‡Z Pvq cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q, `xN©Kvj evuwP‡q ivL‡Z Pvq Gi
†m․›`h©|wKš‘ †m․›`h©-PP©vq Abf¨¯Í msmv‡i dzj evuwP‡q ivLvi GKgvÎ gvgywj DcKiY Lvwj
†evZj| †evZ‡j wfwR‡q †i‡L AMZ¨v Av‡e`vi wR¤§vq †i‡L nvwdRwÏ P‡j hvq evB‡i| Zvi
hvIqv I wd‡i Avmvi AšÍe©Z©x mgqUzKz‡Z Av‡e`vi g‡b †R‡M I‡V bvix-g‡bi ¯^vfvweK mvR-
m¾vi AvKv•ÿv| dzjwU †m Pz‡j ¸u‡R wb‡Ri jveY¨ evwo‡q wb‡Z Pvq, wKš‘ ¯^vgxi f‡q †m
wKQzB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Pzj †_‡K Ly‡j dzjwU‡K †i‡L †`q h_v¯’v‡b| nvwdRwÏ wd‡iG‡m dz‡ji
aŸ¯Íiƒc †`‡L m‡›`n K‡i, Ges dz‡ji g‡a¨ †`L‡Z cvq Pzj| Lvevi mgq wRÁvmv K‡i
Av‡e`v‡K| †m A¯^xKvi K‡i f‡q| wKš‘ nvwdRwÏ Pz‡ji cÖgvY †`q AKvU¨fv‡e| fq nq

22
Av‡e`vi| Z‡e nvwdRwÏ fq †`Lv‡bvi †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM †bq bv, AfvweZc~e© evK¨ e‡j †m,
ÒdzjUv Z‡i w`qv w`jvg hv|Ó3

†kÖwY‣PZb¨ knx`yj Rwn‡ii wQ‡jv myZxeª, Ges †mB Rxeb‡K †`Lvi mnRvZ ÿgZv wQ‡jv Zvui
g‡a¨| wZwb Av‡e`v-nvwdRwÏi Rxeb‡K ¯^íZg `~iZ¡ †_‡K Ae‡jvKb K‡i‡Qb, cÖZ¨ÿ
K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi iO| ZvB M‡íi g‡a¨ ivOv‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb †mB Rxeb| G‡Kev‡iB
Db¥~j, kvnwiK msKxY© ew¯ÍRxe‡bi `yB evwm›`v Av‡e`v I nvwdRwÏ| Zv‡`i Rxe‡b fv‡jvevmvi
cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q ÿzavi `vcU †ewk| ZvB fv‡jvevmvi cÖKvk Zv‡`i gvwR©Z bq, cwicvk¦© †_‡K
†`‡L †h kvnwiK fv‡jvevmvi c×wZ Zviv iß Ki‡Z Pvq Zvi cÖKvk Zviv Kíbv †gvZv‡eK
cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq iƒc Avi †cvkvK Zv‡`i †bB, †bB fvlv, ¯^cœ ‣Zwi
Ki‡jI †m ¯^cœ wg‡j hvq wm‡bgvi `„‡k¨im‡½| Kíev¯Íe wm‡bgvi g‡ZvB Zviv fv‡jvevmvi
cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvq wKš‘ wb‡R‡`i AÿgZv Zv‡K †kl ch©šÍ KK©k I iƒp-B K‡i iv‡L| knx`yj
Rwn‡ii wkíxg‡b GB JwPZ¨‡eva wQ‡jv cÖej, d‡j wZwb wb‡g©vn fw½gvi m‡½B Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ
M‡íi fv‡jvevmv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

cÖvmw½K hyw³ †jL‡Ki g‡b cÖej wQ‡jv e‡jB wZwb dzj wQuo‡Z †M‡j nvwdRwÏi g‡b
Ab¨vb¨‡`i g‡Zv knx` w`e‡mi Av‡eM RvMv‡Z cv‡ibwb, †Kbbv knx` w`e‡mi D`hvcb
cÖavbZ gvwR©Z iæwPi AwfcÖvqRvZ| d‡j nvwdRwÏi g‡b IB mg‡q dz‡ji cÖwZ wfbœ ai‡bi
Av‡eM RvMÖZ n‡q‡Q, †mwU nq‡Zv ¯¿xi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv cÖKv‡ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q
Zvi Kv‡Q| wKš‘ dzj w`‡q ¯¿x‡K fv‡jvevmvUv nq‡Zv Zvi Kv‡Q Clr j¾vi e¨vcvi, A_ev
¯^vgx(cÖfz) wn‡m‡e ¯¿xi Kv‡Q bZ nIqvi e¨vcvi wKsev †m dzjwU ZrÿYvr w`‡Z Pvq wb
Av‡e`v‡K, A‡cÿv KiwQ‡jv GKwU gyn~‡Z©i, hLb ey‡Ki †fZi R¡vjv DV‡e ¯¿x‡K Kv‡Q cvevi|
Kv‡RB fwel¨‡Zi fv‡jvevmvi wb`k©b‡K evuwP‡q ivL‡Z †evZ‡j wfwR‡q ivL‡Z Pvq †m|

Ab¨w`‡K Av‡e`vi gvbmMob knx`yj Rwni Gu‡K‡Qb wfbœ DcKi‡Y, G‡`kxq bvixi
cÖZœ‣PZ‡b¨i •ewkó¨ g‡ZvB †m cwZf³| Zey c‡ii evwo‡Z wS‡qi KvR Kiv Av‡e`vi gb
LvwbKUv kvnwiK A›`ign‡ji evmbv‡gvov| ZvB †m ¯^vgx‡K fq †hgb cvq †Zgwb AvKv•ÿv
K‡i Zvi †ivgvw›UK ¯ú‡k©i, wm‡bgvi bvwqKv‡`i g‡Zv bvq‡Ki AvKw¯§K myL¯ú‡k©i wPšÍv Zvi
g‡b †R‡M I‡V ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB| ZvB Zv‡K WvKvi ci nvwdRwχK hLb †m dzj nv‡Z Szcwo‡Z
XzK‡Z †`‡L ZLbB Zvi g‡b nq Ò†Lc‡jv bvwK †jvKUv| bB‡j w`b`ycy‡i dzj nv‡Z K‡i evwo

23
wdij †h gi`! Avi I‡KBev WvKj †Kb? N‡i XzK‡ZB wm‡bgvi bvqK‡`i g‡Zv †Lvcvq cwi‡q
†`‡e bv ‡Zv Avevi?Ó3 GB fvebvq, kû‡i iæwPi m‡½ Zvi AvKv•ÿv †h †eLvàv †mwUI g‡b
Av‡m Zvi| WvK ï‡b ZvB cvwb Xvjv †fRv Pzj¸‡jv †m †Lvucvq ¸wQ‡q †djj Ges m‡½ m‡½B
fvej ÒAvu‡ki g‡Zv cvZjv Avi †Zjnxb iæÿ Pzj¸‡jvi K_v †f‡e Ii gb Lvivc nq| †h wQwi
Pz‡ji, GB Pz‡j wK dzj gvbvq?Ó4

wKš‘ Av‡e`vi GB wKwÂr kû‡i fvebvi m‡½ nvwdRwÏi AgvwR©Z fvebvi ms‡køl msNvZc~Y©,
d‡j Av‡e`vi ¯^cœ ¯^cœB †_‡K hvq, nvwdRwÏ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wm‡bgvi bvq‡Ki g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i
bv| eis Zvi gb wewÿß nq Av‡e`vi Pzj Svov cvwb‡Z| †m P‡j †M‡jI Av‡e`vi g‡b D™¢~Z
†cÖgevmbv †R‡M _v‡K, dzj‡K wN‡i Zv n‡q I‡V NbvqZ| ZvB ÒnvwdRwÏ P‡j †M‡j †evZj
†_‡K I dzjUv DwV‡q †bq| AvOzj eyjvq A‡bKÿY| Pzj †Lvucv K‡i Zv‡Z ¸uR‡Z †Póv K‡i|
fvwi dzj ev‡i ev‡i L‡m c‡o| †k‡l nvZ w`‡q †Lvcvi cv‡k †P‡c a‡i I †QvU Avqbvq
wb‡R‡K †`‡L| N‡ii AÜKv‡i †`‡L Ii Z…wß †g‡U bv| evB‡iAv‡jvq †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| wKš‘
evB‡i hvIqv hv‡e bv, Pvwiw`‡K †jvK, Rv‡b I|Ó5 Av‡e`v mseiY K‡i wb‡R‡K|

wKš‘ g‡bi g‡a¨ †h †Kqvi KvuUv weu‡a Av‡Q Zvi cÖ”Qbœ †e`bvwZ³ myL †_‡K hvq g‡bi Mnx‡b,
Avmbœ mܨvq nvwdRwχK wN‡i Avevi †R‡M I‡V Zv| wfwR‡q ivLv dz‡j Zvi Rwo‡q hvIqv Pzj
nvwdRwÏi Kv‡Q cÖgvY K‡i dz‡ji cÖwZ Zvi R‡g _vKv AbyivM| †mB Abyiv‡MB nq‡Zv myß
cÖxwZevmbv DÏxwcZ nq nvwdRwÏi g‡b| †KvgjZvnxbAgvwR©Z K‡É ZvB †m Av‡e`v‡K
AvPvbK e‡j ÒdzjUv Zvi w`qv w`jvg hv|Ó nvwdRwÏi Mjvq †Kv‡bv †KvgjZvi Kvucb †bB Zey
GB evK¨ ï‡b wK GK my‡L Av‡e`vi ey‡Ki †fZiUv †Ku‡c I‡V| G †hb wm‡bgvi bvq‡Ki
g‡ZvB GK AvKw¯§K AvPiY, hvi †gvngqZvq Av”Qbœ n‡q n‡q Av‡e`v; cig my‡L Pzgy Lvq
mšÍv‡bi Kcv‡j|

Awfbœ Rxe‡bi hvcbc×wZ, GKB mgvšÍivj †iLvq Ae¯’vb `yR‡bi, ZeyI ¯^‡cœi jvjb I
c~i‡Yi cÖKíbvq c„_K `yRb| LvwbK bMiRxe‡bi Af¨šÍ‡ii AwfÁZv Av‡e`v‡K Clr-gvwR©Z
wm‡bgvwUK ¯^‡cœ cÖjyä K‡i, wKš‘ wKwÂr `~i‡Z¡i e¨eavb nvwdRwχK IB AvPi‡Y BZ¯ÍZ K‡i
†Zv‡j| ZeyI fv‡jvevmvi RvMi‡Y `yRb GK Ac‡ii AvKv•ÿx, ZeyI †h †Kv‡bv iƒ‡c
fv‡jvevmvi cÖKv‡k `yR‡b mgvb AvMÖnx|

24
ïay ¯^‡cœi we‡fviZv I cÖKv‡ki •ewPΨ bq knx`yj Rwni Av‡e`v- nvwdRwÏi mgv‡Ri Drcv`b
KvVv‡gvMZ Ae¯’vbI wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i †ckv, evm¯’v‡bi gvb I iæwPi cÖKvkc×wZi
gva¨‡g| Zv‡`i fvlv I k‡ãi e¨envi Zv‡`i K‡i Zz‡j‡Q cÖvYešÍ| GK ew¯Íi evwm›`v nIqvq6
M‡íi Pwiθ‡jv wb‡R‡`i fe¨Zvi ¯Íi wb‡q fv‡ewb, fv‡ebwb †jLK wb‡RI; Pwiθ‡jv mevK
n‡q D‡V‡Q wb‡R‡`i evMfw½‡ZB| knx`yj Rwni †mB evMfw½gv Ams¯‥…Ziƒ‡cB M‡í e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb:

nvwdRwÏ gyL Zz‡j †g‡qi (Zûiv) LvIqv †`‡L| (Av‡e`v‡K) e‡j, ZzB dz‡j nvZ w`wQwj wK‡qi
jvBMv?
Av‡e`v eyS‡Z cv‡i bv Kv‡K ej‡Q nvwdRwÏ| e‡j, K¨vWv, Avwg?
n| Zq Avi K¨vWv?
Avwg dz‡j nvZ w`gy wK‡qi jvBMv? Dò n‡q I‡V Av‡e`v, †h Avgvi †Nvovi AvÛvi dzj!7

†Zvive †mL

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡Kvgx e¨w³Z¡‡evaRvMi PwiÎ wb‡q †jLv AmvaviY Mí Ô†Zvive †mLÕ|
A‡bKUv •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i M‡íi PvwiΨ G-M‡í cwiùzU Ges †K›`ªxq Pwi‡Îi AšÍwe©b¨v‡mI
jÿ Kiv hvq •mq`xq XO| e‡qve„× †eKvi w`bgRyi †Zvive †m‡Li GKw`‡K ciwbf©ikxj n‡q
†eu‡P _vKvi hš¿Yv, AvZ¥wbf©ikxj nevi AvKv•ÿv, Ab¨w`‡K mšÍvb-mšÍwZ‡`i Kv‡Q wcZ…-Aw¯ÍZ¡
`vwe K‡iüZme©¯^ nIqvi Kó MíwU‡K cwic~Y© K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Zxeªfv‡e Aw¯ÍZ¡m‡PZb †Zvive
†mL µgwejxqgvb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i msKU Dcjwä K‡iB Nbvqgvb AÜKv‡i wgwj‡q hvq †klch©šÍ|

GK weiæ× cÖwZ‡e‡ki eY©bvq M‡íi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb MíKvi, hv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ weiƒc, weiƒc
mgvRI| D”P ¯Í‡ii gvby‡li Mvwoi †avuqv Avi ayjv Zxeª jvÃbv‡eva RvMÖZ K‡i †Zviv‡ei g‡b|
wKš‘ m½x cvqbv †mwU wRB‡q †Zvjvi| KviY Kg©e¨¯Í Rxe‡bi Uv‡b ew¯Íi me evwm›`vB P‡j
†M‡Q Kv‡R, d‡j †m †`L‡Z cvq ÒGKUv †jvKI †bB mviv ew¯Í‡Z, †h GB Pig jvÃbvi
weiæ‡× Ii m‡½ KÉ †gjv‡Z cv‡i| †Rvqvb †g‡q gi` me evB‡i| wK‡kvi wK‡kvix GgbwK
†Zviv‡ei wÎk eQ‡ii cÖvq A_e© mw½bxwU ch©šÍ|Ó8

25
GgZve¯’vq msKU Nbxf~Z nq †Zviv‡ei, wb‡R‡K evwZj g‡b nq, Ò†Zviv‡ei Lvivc jv‡M †ivM
KvZi ey‡ov nIqvi Rb¨|Ó9 eq‡mi Avqbvq †`Lv wb‡Ri wi³iƒc Zv‡K wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j, ZvB †m Òwkiv dz‡j IVv wMuU‡jv AvOzj¸‡jv †dvUvq wU‡c wU‡c| evûi Sz‡j
cov wkw_j †cwk¸‡jv dzjv‡Z †Póv K‡i| dzwj‡q k³ ¸jwU evbv‡Z †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ RxY© †cwk
KvwVb¨ AR©‡b e¨_© nq|Ó10 Z‡e Zv‡Z AvkvnZ nq bv †Zvive, KviY cv‡Yi ¯ú›`b Qzu‡q hvq
Zv‡K, GB cÖ‡Póvi ga¨ w`‡q, d‡j †m ÒcÖdzjø †eva Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i|Ó11 GB cÖdzjøZvi †Póv
Zvi g‡a¨ †cÖiYv‡eva mÂvwiZ K‡i, †m wb‡R‡K Ae‡nwjZ ev cwZZ fve‡Z bvivR, ZvB †Zv
cÖwZ‡ekx wbRv‡gi m‡½ †Vjv eIqvi my‡hvM Pvq, g‡b mvaÑ c‡o _vK‡e bv †m A‡b¨i MjMÖn
n‡q| ZvB wbRvg hLb †Zvive‡K c‡ii w`‡b Kv‡R Avgš¿Y Rvbvq Ges mskq cÖKvk K‡i e‡j
†h, ÒA‡bK `~‡ii L¨vc KBjvg| GB `~‡ii gB‡Ï KzjvBevi cviev †Zv|Ó12 ZLb †mB m‡›`n
†Zviv‡ei An‡g AvNvZ K‡i, DuPz ¯^‡i †m Rvbvq AvcwË, Òcviæg bv wK AB‡Q! Ii eva©‡K¨i
cÖwZ wbRv‡gi Bw½‡Z Ii µz× Mjvi wkiv Kvuc‡Z _v‡K D‡ËRbvq|Ó13

GB e¨w³Z¡‡ev‡a fv¯^i †Zvive M‡íi †klvewa wb‡Ri Dci _v‡K wek¦¯Í| †mB wek¦vm †_‡KB †m
wb‡Ri wcZ…Z¡-†PZbvq gyLi nq, Kb¨vi g½jwPšÍvq cÖKvk K‡i wb‡Ri gZvgZ| Kb¨v jvjevbyi
m¾vq ZvB `„wó †`q †Zvive †mL| jvjevby hLb Ly‡j iv‡L Kv‡bi `yj ZLb †m Zvi KviY
wRÁvmv K‡i, g‡b g‡b m‡›`n K‡i wcZvi g‡ZvB, mšÍvb eywS †Kv‡bv A‣ea cš’vq AR©b K‡i‡Q
Kv‡bi `yj, m‡›`n †_‡KB wRÁvmv K‡i ÒPzwi Kim bvB †Zv?Ó14 G †hb mšÍvb †ec_y n‡q hvevi
mskq S‡i c‡o Zvi gyL †_‡K| wKš‘ msmv‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Q Rgv _v‡K Zvi Rb¨
weiw³‡eva, fv‡jv nq‡Zv Zviv mK‡jB ev‡m Zv‡K, wKš‘ AwkwÿZ-AgvwR©Z †kÖwYi gy‡L
†MvQv‡bv fv‡jvevmvi evK¨ S‡i bv †Kv‡bv w`b| Zviv nq‡Zv GB eq‡mi †Zvive ‡mL †K
mvsmvwiK Sv‡gjvq Rov‡Z Pvq bv Avi| ZvB Zvi m‡›`‡ni wecix‡Z Zvi ¯¿x iwngv †ÿ‡c D‡V
e‡j, ÒGgyb KZv ûbv‡qv bv Zzwg, Pzwi K‡i bv †Kvb mv‡e?Ó15

wKš‘mv‡ne‡`i mv‡_ cvjøv w`‡Z Pvq bv †Zvive, †m Pvq mšÍvb Zvi mr _vK, my›`i _vK, †mB
†PZbv †_‡KB e‡j, Òmve‡Mv KZv Avgv‡i ïbvBQ bv ZzB|Ó16 GKcÖKvi e¨w³Z¡fv¯^i
`vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Zvobv‡ZB †Zvive †mL PvwjZ nq, ZvB cÖPÐ LvUzwb n‡jI ÒGB `yw`©‡b msmv‡i
K‡qKUv UvKv †hvM Ki‡Z cvivq Ii g‡b Z…wßi GKUv dzjø aviv e‡q hvq| ÿYKv‡ji Rb¨ Møvwb
we¯§„Z nq|Ó17 mgKv‡ji A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`K wn‡m‡e evRv‡i †h Zvi g~j¨ Kg †m fvebvI Zvi

26
wPšÍvm~‡Î MÖw_Z, Kg©ÿg cyiæ‡li wecix‡Z wb‡Ri Ae¯’vbI Zvi Rvbv Av‡Q ÒwKš‘ I cyiæl bq,
ey‡ov| cyiæl gvby‡liB cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b KvR †Rv‡U bv, ey‡ov‡`i RyU‡e †Kv‡Ì‡K!Ó Avevi
ÒcÖ‡Z¨Kw`b fvwi gv‡ji L¨vc _v‡K bv| ZvB evowZ mvnvh¨Kvixi `iKvi nq bv wbRvg‡`i|Ó
ZvB Ò†Zviv‡ei g‡b Kg©nxb AvMvgxKvj MøvwbKi †V‡K|Ó18 GB Kg©RvMi Kg©x, AvZ¥RvMi
wcZv †Zvive cwiev‡i wb‡Ri Ae¯’vbMZ Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z Pvq cÖPÐfv‡e|

mivmwi Øvw›ØK cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL nq †Zvive hLb ¯¿x-cyÎ-Kb¨v mK‡j Zvi gZvg‡Zi weiæ‡×
jvjevby‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvq gwR` wgqvi mv‡_| GLv‡bB cÖKU Aw¯ÍnxbZvi g‡a¨ cwZZ nq
†Zvive, mevi B”Qvi weiæ‡× GKRb †¯œnkxj `vwqZ¡evb wcZvi KÉ †R‡M I‡V Zvi g‡a¨, Zvi
`„wó‡Z †`vRe‡i kqZvbZzj¨ gwR` †Kv‡bvfv‡eB jvjevbyi †hvM¨ bq, ZvB †m hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡i
†h, ïay cyÎ bq, ¯^qs Kb¨vI †m we‡q‡Z ivwR ZLb AwfÁZvi cÖve‡j¨ wKsev Rb‡Ki
AngcÖvPz‡h© D”P nq Zvi KÉ Òjvjy ivwR nI‡bI Kz‡bv Kvg ABe bv| ... Avwg evB”Pv _vK‡Z
Lvwj cqmvi jvj‡P IB KzËvi N‡i jvjy‡i cvVvgy bv|Ó19

wKš‘ evB‡ii KvR †m‡i Kb¨v jvjevby hLb N‡i †d‡i ZLb Kb¨v‡K †`‡L †Zviv‡ei g‡b
ev¯ÍeZv A™¢yZ †Kjvq †g‡Z I‡V, wb‡Ri cvwievwiK Ae¯’vb ¯úó nq ZLb, Ò†Zvive †g‡q‡K
†`‡L| Ii I †Kgb †hb fq jvM‡Z _v‡K jvjevby‡K| †Zvive Abyfe K‡i jvjevby eo n‡q
†M‡Q| wK‡kvix †_‡K `ªæZ hyeZx n‡q hv‡”Q eyS‡Z cv‡i, wb‡Ri wm×všÍ wb‡R †bqvi gv‡Zv
kw³I jvjevby AR©b K‡i †d‡j‡Q| †m †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Zviv‡ei nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq †bB| †m †Zv
†Zviv‡ei †cvl¨ bq| eis †ZviveB I‡`i †cvl¨| †Zviv‡ei †Kgb `ye©j jv‡M|Ó20ZeyI wcZv
Kb¨v‡K †evSvq, †`Lvq fq| wKš‘ Òjvjevby †Zviv‡ei wb‡`©k †g‡b †bq bv| wZb w`b c‡iB I
cvjvq|Ó21 cwiev‡ii Ab¨ mevi †hvMmvRk _vK‡jI †Zvive Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv wKQzB, cwievi
Zv‡K K‡i iv‡L wew”Qbœ| Zvici NUbvi w`b hLb jvjevby mgq g‡Zv N‡i †d‡i bv, wcZvi wPË
†Ku‡c I‡V k¼vq| Z`ycwi cyÎ Rwgi hLb Rvbvq Òjvjy Avi AvBe bv|Ó ZLb Ò‡Zviv‡ei
gv_vq i³ P‡o hvq| wSgwSg K‡i Kcv‡ji ùxZ wkiv¸‡jv| Ii B‡”Q nq Rwg‡ii Mjvi
wMuUUv Kvgo w`‡q wQu‡o †dj‡Z| Ni‡`v‡i Av¸b awi‡q w`‡Z|Ó22

wVK ZLbB GB cwiev‡i Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡k~b¨ Ae¯’vb cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq Zvi`„wói m¤§y‡L| mevB‡K
†ei K‡i w`‡Z Pvq Ni †_‡K| wKš‘ PvB‡jB †Zv Avi cviv hvq bv| Zvi g‡Zv Avqk~b¨ gvby‡li
c‡ÿ †m PvIqv A‡bKUv a„óZv| Rwgi †mB ev¯ÍeZv AviI ¯úó K‡i w`‡q e‡j ÒGB Szcwo

27
†Zvgvi bv‡g GjyU, Avi fvov †`q GB Rwgi¨v| Zzgvi Lvivc jvM‡j Zzwg hvI
Mv|Ó23eûw`bjvwjZ ¯^cœevMvbZzj¨ msmvi †_‡K Gfv‡e weZvob nq‡Zv mn‡R gvb‡Z cv‡i bv
†Zvive, cy‡Îi †kl wm×všÍ Rvbvi Rb¨ wPrKvi K‡i Wv‡K cy·K ÒAvgvi KZv ûBbv hv Rwgi,
Avgvi KZv ûBbv hv|Ó24 wKš‘ cyÎ P‡j hvq, µgf½yi wcZvi w`‡K wd‡iI ZvKvq bv| ZvB
ÒmvivUv gb Ii weZ…òvq f‡i I‡V| e‡j, Z‡Mv gyL Avwg †`Kevi PvB bv|Ó25 Zvici Ò†Zvive
AÜKv‡i nvwi‡q hvq|Ó26

µ‡gB †f‡O cov An‡gi civµgx wew”QbœZv‡eva †Zvive‡K Avovj K‡i †`q cwiwPZ ejq
†_‡K| cÖwZw`bKvi mvaviY gvb-Awfgv‡bi gvb`‡Ð wePvi K‡i cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv A‡cÿvq
_v‡K Zvi cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi, w`b hvq, mevB DrKwÉZ nq| GKw`b RwgiI †Ku‡c I‡V ey‡Ki
†fZiKvi †e`bvq, ÒRwg‡ii ey‡Ki †fZi GKUv Kó nq, ey‡ovUvi †R‡`i Kv‡Q civR‡qi
Kó| †m Avkv K‡i †Zvive G‡m co‡e, G‡m `vuov‡e, Avi †m ej‡e, Avnb jvMj †Zv,
†Kgyb!Ó27 wKš‘ ¯^cœ Zvi ¯^cœB †_‡K hvq| Òw`‡bi cÖv‡šÍ ivZ G‡m `vuovq| iv‡Zi †k‡l w`b
Ny‡i Av‡m| wKš‘ †Zvive Av‡m bv| iwngv †P‡c Kvu‡`| Rwgi Kó Avi ey‡K Avkv wb‡q Ny‡i
†eovq, †Zvive Avm‡e| kvjvi eyBov Av‡M wdiv Av‡nv GKeviÑ †Zvive Av‡m bv|Ó28

GB wPišÍb A‡cÿvi wPÎv¼‡b M‡íi †kl †U‡b‡Qb MíKvi knx`yj Rwni| cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv
†hb †njvq nvwi‡q‡Q Ôcik cv_iÕ, †hb Zviv ÔM‡Wvi cÖZxÿvqÕ ZvwK‡q Av‡Q fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K|
Z‡e GB A‡cÿv cÖ`k©b knx`yj Rwn‡ii GKK jÿ¨ bq, †Zviv‡ei e¨w³‡Z¡i wecix‡Z weiæ×
ev¯ÍeZv Ges Angm¤úbœ e¨w³i wbiæwÏó nIqvi eY©bvm~‡Î GK Aw¯ÍÍZ¡ev`x M‡íi QK A¼bI
Zvi Cáv| Db¥~j-fvmgvb Rb‡Mvôxi hvwcZ Rxe‡bi gg©g~‡ji ev¯ÍeZv †`wL‡q †mLv‡b wZwb
†Zviv‡ei g‡Zv PwiÎ Kíbv K‡i‡Qb Ges †`wL‡q‡Qb Kxfv‡e weiæ× cÖwZ‡ek Zv‡K eva¨ K‡i
Aw¯Í¡k~b¨Zvq wejxb n‡q †h‡Z| Ô†Zvive †mLÕ †mB k~b¨ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Mí|

ev¯Íeev`x wkíxi g‡ZvB knx`yj Rwn‡ii jÿ¨ e¯‘wbôZvi w`‡K| evK¨eq‡b †jLK Zvui
ÔcvivcviÕ c‡e© IqvjxDjøvn& I Bwjqv‡mi aviv‡K cÖea©b Ki‡jI cieZx©Kv‡j m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡q‡Qb ¯^Kxq fw½| cÖ_g ch©v‡q Rwni wbôvi Qvc †i‡L‡Qb Pwi‡Îi fvlv eq‡b, Pwi‡Îi gy‡L
w`‡q‡Qb †kÖwYjvwjZ fvlviƒc| gvwUjMœ, kÖgm¤ú„³ Pwiθ‡jv K_v e‡j D‡V‡Q Zvui ¯^Ztù~Z©
kãeq‡b| KLbI wb‡Ri AvÂwjKZvq, KLbI kn‡ii wK¬‡k D”Pvi‡Y Avevi KLbI PwP©Z

28
evsjvq| e¯‘Z †jLK mZZm‡PZbZvq Pwiθ‡jvi evMfw½ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb cÖwZ‡ekjMœ
†h․w³KZvq|

cvivcvi

•PZb¨cÖevnixwZi gy»Ki e¨envi mn‡RB ÔcvivcviÕ M‡íi †jLK‡K IqvjxDjøvn&-Bwjqv‡mi

DËim~wi wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i| ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i bvgMíwU gvK©mxq †kÖwY؇›Øi mv_©KZg
D`vniY29| wZbwU †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa G M‡íi †K›`ª‡K D¾xweZ †i‡L‡Q| mgvRKvVv‡gvi
P~ov¯Í‡ii m‡½ wb¤œ¯Í‡ii †h msNvZ G M‡íi †klvs‡k †`Lv hvq, M‡íi ïiæ †_‡K Zv‡Z
ms‡hv‡Mi KvR K‡i ga¨¯Í‡ii GK cÖwZwbwa| ¯ÍivwqZ mgvRKvVv‡gvi ga¨eZ©x Ae¯’vb †_‡K
AvMZ PwiÎwUi •PZ‡b¨i Øvw›ØKZv G M‡íi g~j DcRxe¨| Iwj bv‡gi PvKwicÖZ¨vkx GB
PwiÎwUi GKwU w`‡bi RxebvwfÁZv wb‡qB AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q MíwUi Kvwnwb|

wkwÿZ †eKvi hyeK Iwji wPUvMs †_‡K PvKwii B›UviwfD w`‡q †divi c‡_ ÔcvivcviÕ M‡íi
ïiæ| wmivRMÄ †Rjvi †Kv‡bv gd¯^j ev MÖv‡gi GB hyeK †ivgvw›UK ¯^cœPvix, ga¨weËxq iæwPi
m‡½ Af¨¯Í| †eKvi Ae¯’vi GK †bwZ‡eva Zvi g‡b gv‡S gv‡S wµqvkxj, GKB m‡½ Zvi
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ai‡bi iƒcvšÍiKvgx gb¯Í‡Ë¡i wØavMÖ¯Í AvPiY GB M‡íi g~j AbyNUK| Iwj nq‡Zv gvwUjMœ
Drcv`bm¤ú„³ mgv‡Ri DËivwaKvi, Zvi †PZbvq engvb gvwUi MÜ wKš‘ wkÿvi Av‡jv Zv‡K
†kÖwY cwieZ©‡bi †hvM¨Zv `vb K‡i‡Q, gvwR©Z †eva Zv‡K w`‡q‡Q †ivgvw›UK KíÿgZv| G
`y‡qi ga¨eZ©x Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K wkïkÖwgK Aveyj I ewk‡ii cÿ wb‡q †klch©šÍ †m wb‡Ri
Drmg~‡ji Kv‡QB wd‡i hvq| ey‡R©vqv-cÖwZwbwai †kvl‡Yi cÖwZev‡` †d‡U covq Zvi †kÖwYMZ
Ae¯’vb wbwY©Z nq, †`ªv‡ni kw³ Zv‡K we‡`ªvnx‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|

wPUvMvs †_‡K PvKwii B›UviwfD w`‡q †Uª‡b †divi mgq Iwj‡K hgybvi Rj cvwo w`‡Z nq
RMbœv_MÄ Nv‡U G‡m| GB Nv‡UB ÔcvivcviÕ M‡íi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb †jLK| wb‡Ri wRwbmcÎ
†Zgb †bB Iwji hv Kzwj w`‡q cvi Kiv‡Z nq wKš‘ Ômv‡ne mv‡ne ai‡bi eq¯‥ †PnviviÕ GK
†jvK hLb Zvi `y‡Uv †ewWs †i‡L hvq Iwji ZË¡veav‡b ZLb †m AvcvZZ gvwjK e‡b hvq| Zvi
Kv‡Q GwM‡q Av‡m `ywU wkï Kzwj| Zviv A_© Avq Ki‡Z Pvq †gvU enb K‡i| Iwj Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
wb‡Ri AmnvqZ¡ cÖKvk K‡i| wKš‘ wkïi evqbv _v‡g bv| AMZ¨v AviI GKUv `vwqZ¡ wb‡q †bq
29
†m| †ewW‡Oi gvwjK‡K †m ivwR Kiv‡e †hb Zv‡`i w`‡qB gvj enb Kivq †m| cvwikÖwgK wVK
nq wZb UvKv| Zvici R‡g I‡V Avjvc| Zv‡`i gvb‡eZi Rxeb-Kvwnwb I Nv‡Ui wbqwgZ
Kzwj‡`i AZ¨vPviwK¬ó eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZv AvnZ K‡i Iwj‡K, †m Pvq Ggb wKQz Ki‡Z hv
Zv‡`i‡K w`‡e AvcvZ wbwðZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvi| ZvB fweZ‡e¨i Kíbv †L‡j hvq Iwji
Kíc‡UÑ ÒIwj Ii PvKwiwUi K_v fvej| †i‡ji PvKwi wUwKU †PKv‡ii| PvKwiUv n‡e wK?
hw` nq, Avi hw` I‡K Nv‡UB wb‡qvM Kiv nq Zvn‡j I †Q‡j `y‡Uvi Rb¨ wKQz GKUv
Ki‡e|Ó30 GB Kíbv I BwZ‡eva Iwj‡K AviI KvQvKvwQ wb‡q Av‡m Aveyj I ewki bvgK
Kzwjwkï `ywUi| DVwZ ga¨we‡Ëi G †hb mnRvZ •ewkó¨, A‡cÿvK…Z wb‡¤œi cÖwZ AbyivM, Zvi
cÿvej¤^b Ges D”Pwe‡Ëi `v‡X©¨i cÖwZ weivM|

weivM G‡Zv ZvovZvwo cÖKvk cvq bv G M‡í, †kvl‡Yi gvÎv hLb Qvwo‡q hvq m‡n¨i mxgv,
`wi‡`ªi †m․›`h© ZLb we‡`ªv‡n cÖKvk cvq| IwjI G M‡í †d‡U c‡o †k‡li `„‡k¨, Zvi Av‡M
Rg‡Z _v‡K †ÿvf| mv‡ne †jvKwU, †h wK bv D”Pc`¯’ miKvwi Kg©KZ©v (Pig ey‡R©vqv †kÖwYi
cÖwZwbwa), †m G‡m hLb mn‡R MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq bv Iwji cÖ¯Íve, †g‡b †bIqvi Av‡M `i`vg
K‡i wkï `ywUi m‡½ Ges ggZvweewR©Zfv‡e gRywi‡Z VKv‡bvi †Póv K‡i, †ÿvf `vbv evua‡Z
_v‡K ZLbB| Iwji g‡b n‡Z _v‡K ÒI wK Amnvq| Kx exfrm iK‡gi dvucv|Ó31GQvov
†jvKwUi AvPi‡Y hLb Zvi cÖwZ GK iKg N„Yvfve dz‡U I‡V, †hgb dz‡U I‡V gvby‡li
`vjvj‡`i cÖwZ, †mwU jÿ K‡i ÔIwj ey‡Ki †fZi GKUv wekªx hš¿Yv AbyfeÕ K‡i| ÔGK
`y‡ev©a¨ Acgv‡bi ÿZÕ PvU‡Z _v‡K †m| Gici hLb Aveyj †jvKUvi GKwU †ewWs †d‡jv †`q
b`x‡Z Acvi½gZvekZ Ges †jvKvU cywj‡ki nv‡Z Zz‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨ Aveyj‡K †eu‡a †d‡j
ZLb †m Avey‡ji c‡ÿ GwM‡q K_v ej‡Z G‡j wb‡RB Zxeªfv‡e nq Acgv‡bi wkKvi| †jvKwU
Zv‡K ¯úófv‡e `vjvj e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i, ÔIi ürwcÐUv wØLwÐZ n‡qÕ hvq| wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡‡eva
P‡j hvq k~‡b¨i mxgvq, a~gvwqZ n‡Z _v‡K †ÿvf|

c‡i NUbvi †Ri a‡i †jvKwU hLb wb‡Ri ÿgZv cÖ`k©‡bi cvkvcvwk Iwj‡K aivkvqx
K‡iÔ¯‥vD‡ÛªjÕ e‡j Iwji Mv‡j K‡l Po †`q, ZLb †Pv‡Li Rj †b‡g Av‡m Iwji, dvby‡mi
g‡Zv gvwR©Zfv‡ei ga¨weËxq †KZvwe †Lvjm †f‡O hvq Zvi, Aw¯Í‡Z¡i PigmsK‡U †d‡U c‡o
†ÿv‡f| †ÿv‡fi Abj DËß K‡i Zv‡K ZvrÿwYKfv‡e, †m Av¸b Qwo‡q c‡o †`‡ni me©Î,
PwK‡Z aivkvqx K‡i †d‡j AvMÖvmx †kvlK‡K| †jLK GB As‡ki eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Abb¨

30
Abycy•LZvi m‡½: ÒIwj †Vvu‡U †bvbv cvwbi ¯^v` †cj| PwK‡Z †eva Avi †evanxbZv‡K Zz”Q
K‡i, GKwU AbyÁv i‡³i †fZi w`‡q ZworcÖev‡ni g‡Zv `ªæZ kix‡ii me©Î, AvOz‡ji WMvq,
†Pv‡Li Zvivq, nv‡Zi †cwk‡Z mÂvwiZ n‡q †Mj| AvOz‡ji WMv ¸wU‡q gywôe× n‡q †Mj,
†Pv‡Li Zvivq `ycy‡ii †iv` †L‡j †Mj, nv‡Zi †cwk wPZvi g‡Zv •Zwi n‡q †Mj| Iwji Wvb
nv‡Zi gyVUv †jvKUvi †Pvqvj ¯úk© Kij| wQU‡K c‡o †Mj †jvKUv|Ó32 Zvi GB cÖwZev`-
cÖwZ‡iv‡a gyw³i ¯^v` cvq Aveyj, Iwj n‡q hvq †kvwlZ-kÖgRxexi gyw³i `~Z, †Kbbv, †jvKwU
wQU‡K covi mv‡_ mv‡_ Òwb‡R‡K Qvwo‡q gy³ K‡i wbj Aveyj, †`․o w`j d¬vU cvi n‡q
w÷gv‡ii †cQb w`‡K| Zvici Svuwc‡q coj hgybvi Kv‡jv †Nvjv cvwb‡Z|Ó33

Pwi‡Îi ¯^cœ, AwfiæwP, wµqvKjvc mewKQz‡ZB knx`yj Rwni †kÖwY‡PZbvi mvÿ¨ †i‡L‡Qb
MíwU‡Z| gvK©mxq we‡ePbvq mgv‡Ri †h wZbwU ¯Íi †`Lv hvq Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯Í‡ii cÖwZwbwa GB
M‡í Dcw¯’Z| wb¤œ¯Í‡i i‡q‡Q Drcv`b I gRywii m‡½ m¤ú„³ me©nviv Aveyj I ewki, ga¨¯Í‡i
Iwj Ges D”P¯Í‡i miKvwi Kg©KZ©v †mB †jvKwU, †h kvm‡bi m‡½ hy³, †fv‡Mi m‡½ m¤ú„³
Ges †kvlY hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivLvi nvwZqvi| Pwi‡Îi †kÖwYMZ web¨v‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ knx`yj
Rwni AšÍb¨vm K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i PvwiwÎK †g․jcÖeYZvmg~n| †`wL‡q‡Qb cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii Pwi‡Îi
cwieZ©gvb AvKv•ÿvi cÖb¨vm|

gvK©mxq m~Îg‡ZB cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii PwiÎ ¯Íi-DËi‡Yi ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡b Zrci| wQbœg~j, g„wËKvjMœ
Kzwjwkï Aveyj I ewki Zv‡`i `yw`©b NywP‡q †c‡Z Pvq wbivcËvi wbðqZv, ZvB Zviv ¯^cœ evu‡a
Iwj‡K †K›`ª K‡i, Zvi Kv‡QB Ave`vi †gUv‡ZPvq| Zviv Iwji gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i myw`b Avb‡Z
cvi‡e Ggb wek¦v‡m Av¯’v iv‡L Iwji Ici; g‡b-cÖv‡Y cÖv_©bv K‡i hv‡Z Iwji PvKwiUv nq|
†Kbbv Iwj Zv‡`i my›`i w`‡bi wbðqZv w`‡Z Pvq| Ab¨w`‡K iƒcvšÍiKvgx IwjI n‡q DV‡Z
Pvq wbcxwo‡Zi †bZv| m`¨ weea©gvb ga¨we‡Ëi †Lvj‡m Ave× Iwj gv‡S g‡a¨ ga¨we‡Ëi
cjvqbciZvqI AvµvšÍ nq, KLbI KwVb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wb‡R‡K evuwP‡q cvjv‡bvi †PóvI †`Lv
hvq Zvi g‡a¨|

Avevi wkwÿZ hye‡Ki AvZ¥cÖ`k©‡bi AngI cwiPvwjZ K‡i Zv‡K| ZvB miKvwi †jvKwU hLb
Iwji Kv‡Q †ewWs †i‡L wd‡i Avmvi mgq `yRb Aíeq¯‥v †g‡q wb‡q Av‡m, Zv‡`i mvg‡b †m
wb‡Ri iæwPkxj gvwR©Zfve Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i- ÒIwj †`Lj †g‡q `y‡Uv‡K wb‡q †jvKUv wd‡i
Avm‡Q| I nVvr fxlY D‡ËRbv Abyfe Kij| D‡V `vuwo‡q GKUz †nu‡U wM‡q wmMv‡iUUv Quz‡o

31
†d‡j w`j| Mfxi K‡i `g wbj| AvOzj †dvUvj|Ó34 Avevi Aveyj‡K a‡i †djvi ci †m hLb
Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q hvq ZLb miKvwi †jvKwU Zv‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ÔAvcwb †mB
`vjvjUv bv?Õ GB K_v ï‡b ev P¨v‡jÄ ï‡b †m nKPwK‡q hvq, weåvšÍ nq| GB weåvwšÍ
ga¨we‡Ëi g¾vMZ •ewkó¨, †kÖwYwecø‡ei g‡a¨I Kvh©Ki †_‡K Zv KLbI KLbI K‡i w`‡Z cvi
bm¨vr| ZvB GB weåvwšÍi g‡a¨ nVvr we`y¨‡Zi g‡Zv †L‡j hvq wcwQ‡q hvIqvi wPšÍv Ñ ÒIwji
ürwcÐ PveyK †L‡q GK gyn~Z© †hb †_‡g _vKj| gv_v wSgwSg K‡i DVj| I m‡i co‡Z PvBj|
Ii g‡bi †fZi †_‡K †KD, †eva nq hyw³, eyw×, I‡K Rvbvj m‡i covB fv‡jv|Ó35 Geswea
•ewkó¨m‡gZ K¨vbfv‡mB knx`yj Rwni ¯ÍivwqZ mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa‡`i PwiÎwPÎY K‡i‡Qb Ges
GK ¯Íi †_‡K Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvR‡b Av‡iK ¯Í‡i DËiY †`wL‡q ¯Íi †_‡K ¯Í‡i cvivcv‡ii Mí
†du‡`‡Qb| Zvui GB MíexZs‡mi bvg ÔcvivcviÕ|

wZbwU †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa‡`i gy‡Li fvlv cÖ`v‡bI †jLK †i‡L‡Qb g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ¯^vÿi| wb¤œ‡kÖwYi
Aveyj I ewki GLv‡b G‡Kev‡iB g„wËKvMÜx kã e¨env‡i †cÖv¾¡j| †kvl‡Ki fvlv gvwR©Z
ey‡R©vqv Qvu‡Pi •Zwi| wKš‘ Iwji kã e¨env‡i i‡q †M‡Q wØavwm³ wØPvwiZv| †m Aveyj-ewk‡ii
k‡ã cÖv‡Yv”Qj Ges miKvwi †jvKUvi fvlvKvVv‡gvi cÖwZ m‡Pó AvMÖnx| fvlvi GB wØgywLZv
GB cÖKv‡ii myweavev`x Pwi‡Îi wec¾bK AvPiY-wb‡`©kx| wKš‘ Iwj GLv‡b ¯^qs AZ¨vPwiZ
e‡jB †klch©šÍ Aveyj-ewk‡ii †kÖwYi m‡½ AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb •Zwi Ki‡Z m‡Pó
n‡q‡Q|

gvwU Ges gvby‡li is

K‡eKvi †Kvb Avh©RvwZ Avw` fvi‡Zi Kv‡jvi‡O wgwk‡qwQ‡jv mv`v i‡Oi cÖ‡jc, Zvici †mB
mv`v i‡Oi cÖwZ `ye©j K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jv mgMÖ fviZ‡K| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi k¨vg i‡Oi †m․›`h©
iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡qwQ‡jv †M․iv‡½| Zvici †_‡K mv`v gv‡b my›`i, Kv‡jv gv‡b wekÖx| gvSLv‡b
cvim¨-DËivwaKvi‡`i †M․i i‡Oi kvmb Ges †Mviv B‡qv‡ivcxq‡`i †kvlY GB fviZxq‡`i
g¾vMZ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv †h, aej gv‡bB weRqx Avi K…ò gv‡bB wewRZ| †mB †_‡K
fviZxq‡`i g‡bi †Kv‡Y Ôeø¨vK w¯‥b †nvqvBU gv¯‥Õ36 - Gi eY©cÖavb †Ljv Pig D‡ËRbvq
wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ wb‡q †bq| fviZxq evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ Áv‡Z-AÁv‡ZB eY©ev`x wek¦vm ¯’vqx Avmb
†c‡q hvq| ÔgvwU Ges gvby‡li isÕ MíwU‡Z knx`yj Rwni G‡`kxq gvby‡li †mB †m․›`h©‡eva‡K

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cÖavb K‡i DËi-Dcwb‡ekx wPšÍvaviv†`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| eY©ev`x wPšÍv G MíwUi AšÍt‡Kv‡l
cÖm„Z _vK‡jI †jLK gvwUjMœ gvby‡li Rxeb ev¯ÍeZv, Zv‡`i †kªwY‣PZb¨‡KI AcÖavb we‡ePbv
Ki‡bwb| G `y‡qi mwbœ‡ek‡b Zvui MíwU n‡q D‡V‡Q wØ-¯ÍwiK cvVm¤¢e Mí37|

MíwU •Zwi Ki‡Z wM‡q knx`yj Rwni DcwiZ‡j GKwU wbZvšÍ mvaviY AvL¨vb cÖhy³ K‡i‡Qb,
Zvi cÖavb PwiÎ Avwmqv †eMg Ges Avw¤^qv LvZzb| `~ivZ¥xq cowkKb¨v Avw¤^qv, GKmgq Zvi
Pvcv †m․›`h©-¸‡Y gy» n‡q cyÎea~ Ki‡Z PvB‡jI GB Mwie`ywnZv Avw¤^qvi Mv‡qi i‡Oi cÖwZ
weZ…ò n‡q Avwmqv †eMg cyÎea~ K‡iAv‡b mv`v-dm©v i‡Oi †g‡q gqbv‡K; g‡bi AvKv•ÿv
Gevi fwel¨r eskai Kv‡jv iO bv n‡q n‡e gqbvi g‡Zv my›`i Mv‡qi i‡Oi| wKš‘ Avkv f½
nq Avwmqv †eM‡gi, †c․Î dqRywÏ Ii‡d dRy cvq wcZv-wcZvg‡ni Mv‡qi iO| Ab¨w`‡K `~i
Mvu‡qi K…lK †Rv‡e‡`i mv‡_ we‡q nq Avw¤^qvi, N‡i Lvev‡ii KgwZ _vK‡jI Zvi †Kvj Ry‡o
Av‡m ivRcyÎm`„k cyÎ jvj| GKw`b ev‡ci evwo †eov‡Z G‡m PvwP Avwmqvi evwo‡Z Nyi‡Z
Avm‡j Zv‡`i `yR‡bi K‡_vcK_b nq, †mLv‡bB GK ch©v‡q Avwmqv †eM‡gi K_vi m~‡Î nviæi
gv hLb Avw¤^i †Q‡ji †m․›`h© wb‡q gšÍe¨ K‡i Avwmqv †eM‡gi mvg‡b e‡j ÒAvgv‡Mv Avw¤^i
wKš‘ †cvjv nB‡Q GKLvb| ev‡c Kvjv, gvq Kvjv, †cvjvLvb AB‡Q wK †mv›`i! ivRvi †cvjvi
jvb|Ó38 ZLb Avwmqv †eM‡gi AšÍ¯Í‡j wb‡Ri RvZ¨vwfgvb (†kÖwY we‡ePbvq) †R‡M I‡V Ges
†c․Î dRyi Zzjbvq Avw¤^i mšÍv‡bi †kÖôZ¡ †g‡b wb‡Z Kó nq|

†jLK welqwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb we‡kølYmn‡hv‡M: nviæi gv‡qi ÒK_vq nq‡Zv we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ wQj
bv †evSv‡bvi g‡Zv, Zvn‡jI IB mgqUv Dchy³ wQj bv cÖkw¯Íi Rb¨| Avwmqv LvZz‡bi †gRvR
Lvivc n‡q wM‡qwQj| GKUy Av‡M wZwb wb‡Ri bvwZi wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| d‡j nviæi gvi K_vUv
Zvui g‡bi Zj ch©šÍ P‡j †Mj| †mLv‡b GKUv †ÿv‡fi cvÎ wQj| nviæi gvi K_vq †mUv nVvrB
†f‡O coj| Avi ZLb †mLv‡b mwÂZ †ÿvf ivmvqwbK †Kv‡bv GK welwµqvq we‡l cwiYZ n‡q
wbwÿß n‡jv Avw¤^i Ici|Ó39 d‡j ¯^xq Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †kÖôZ¡ a‡i ivL‡ZB Avwmqv LvZz‡bi gyL
†_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m GB Rniwb‡ÿc: ÒwQbvj‡Mv †cvjv my›`iB Aq|Ó40 GB AhvwPZ gšÍe¨ GK
AwMœm¤¢e cwiw¯’wZi m„wó K‡i MíwUi G ch©v‡q| Ges knx`yj Rwni Gfv‡eB M‡íi evuK m„wó
K‡ib|

P~ovšÍ Øvw›ØKZvi D‡b¥l NwU‡q wZwb †kvlK I †kvwl‡Zi g‡bvev¯ÍeZv Zy‡j a‡ib Ges G ch©v‡q
cwi`„ó nq Kxfv‡e dzu‡m DV‡Z Zrci nq K…lKea~ Avw¤^| AvNvZ ZZÿY ch©šÍ m‡q hvq gvbyl

33
hZÿY ch©šÍ wU‡K _v‡K Zvi mm¤§vb Aw¯ÍZ¡| GB gšÍ‡e¨ cÖ_‡g weg~p n‡q hvq Avw¤^, †jL‡Ki
eY©bvq Ò Avw¤^ Pg‡K †Mj cÖ_‡g| Zvici †m ¸wU‡q †h‡Z PvBj| Ii †`n g‡bi Ici mKv‡ji
Kzqvkvi g‡Zv Aby‡ËRbvi wbwðZ AveiYwU †b‡g Avm‡Z PvBj|Ó41 wKš‘ m¤¢ve¨ wecbœZvi
mvg‡b iæ‡L `vuovq gvbyl, wb‡Ri wU‡K _vKvUv‡K Rvbvb ‡`q mvejxjfv‡e, ÒZvB Avw¤^ †nuPKv
Uv‡b †mB AveiYwU‡K wQu‡o †djj|Ó Zvi Òey‡Ki †fZiUv PwKZ N~wY©i ZvЇe mPwKZ|Ó42 †m
e‡j †h‡Z Pvq Kxfv‡e gv‡Vi gvwU Avi m~‡h©i †iv` gvwUjMœ gvby‡li Pvgovi is e`j K‡i †`q,
Rb¥jä Z¡K iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q hvq dm‡ji Rb¥ w`‡Z wM‡q|

Zvi e³e¨ †hb †Kv‡bv †`ªv‡ni fvebvq cÖR¡wjZ n‡q DV‡Z mvnmx, ZvB †m ¯^fveweiæ× n‡jI
e‡j †h‡Z _v‡K †mB cÖwZev‡`i fvlv, Zvi ÒgM‡Ri †fZi †_‡K cÖ¾¡wjZ Av¸‡bi wRnŸv
†ewi‡q Av‡m|Ó e‡j, ÒAvgvi †mvqvwgi Kz‡gv‡ii jyw½ LyBjøv w`‡j eyRvi cvi‡eb Avg‡biI
GBig †cvjv AB‡Zv cv‡i| Avgvi wQbvj nIb jv‡M bvB my›`i †cvjvi jvBM&Mv|Ó43 Avw¤^i GB
†jwjnvb D”PviY Av¸b awi‡q †`q Avwmqv LvZz‡bi D”Pvmxb Ae¯’v‡b| †kvwlZ †kÖwYi `„ß
cÖwZev‡` †hb †Ku‡c I‡V †kvl‡Ki AšÍivZ¥v |

G‡Kev‡iB mvaviY ؇›Øi iƒc‡iLvq MíwU Zz‡j ai‡jI knx`yj Rwni †mB ؇›Øi g~j †cÖvw_Z
K‡i‡Qb Ggb `ywU wel‡q, hvi Ic‡i `Ðvqgvb gvb‡ewZnv‡mi µgcÖm„wZi m~Î| †mwU n‡”Q
e¯‘ev`x Øvw›ØKZv| AvcvZ`„‡ó GB M‡íi cÖavb `ywU PwiÎ GKB m~Î †_‡K DwÌZ Ges G‡`i
hvwcZ Rxe‡bi †cÖÿvcUI Awfbœ| wKš‘ m¤ú‡`i LvwbK mg„w× Zv‡`i `yR‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU
¯ÍiMZ e¨eavb •Zwi K‡i w`‡q‡Q Avi †mB e¨eavb iƒc wb‡q‡Q A`„k¨ †`qv‡j, hv Zviv `yR‡bB
wek¦vm K‡i Ges †g‡b P‡j| Avi †g‡b P‡j e‡jB G‡K Ac‡ii Ici PovI n‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i
bv Ges Ac‡ii †mB PovI nIqv‡K IB e¨w³i ¯^fvweK AwaKvi e‡j †g‡b †bq|

wKš‘ mKj ¯^fvweKZvB A¯^vfvweK n‡q I‡V ZLb hLb Zv Ac‡ii Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q
AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| G M‡í Avwmqv LvZzb hLb Avw¤^qv‡K Zvi ¯^vgxi A_©‣bwZK `yie¯’v wb‡q ev
Ab¨vb¨ KiæY welq wb‡q K_v e‡j ZLb Zv Avw¤^qv †g‡b †bq Avwmqvi ¯^vfvweK AwaKviej
wn‡m‡e| wKš‘ †Q‡ji †Mviv i‡Oi Drm wb‡q gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q Avw¤^qvi PwiÎ wb‡q KziæwPc~Y©
Bw½Z K‡i ZLb Zv Qvwo‡q hvq m‡n¨i mxgv, iæ‡L `vuovq Avw¤^qv, †hgb GKw`b iæ‡L `vuovq
cÖ‡jZvwi‡qZ †kÖwY| knx`yj Rwni m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e Avw¤^qvi RvMi‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖ‡jZvwi‡q‡Zi
†`ªvn‡KB A¼b K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ †h Ø›Øm~Î a‡i G-`y‡qi Av¸biOv cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡q‡Q Zvi

34
bvwog~j wPwýZ Ki‡Z †M‡j Øvw›ØK e¯‘ev` †Q‡o P‡j Avm‡Z n‡e DËiDcwb‡e‡ki `yqv‡i|
†hLv‡b wZwb †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †kvlK P‡j †M‡jI nvRvi eQ‡ii †kvl‡Yi cÖwµqv Avgv‡`i
RvwZMZ •PZ‡b¨ †i‡L †M‡Q wKQz ¯’vqx Qvc, wew”Qbœ wKQz wek¦vm-fvebv Aÿq-QvuP •Zwi K‡i
†i‡L †M‡Q Avgv‡`i mvg~wnK wbÁ©v‡bi ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv †m․›`h©‡eva; †hLv‡b
¯’vqxfv‡e Avgv‡`i gb my›`i ej‡ZB †ev‡S dm©v I mv`v‡K|

GB mv`v i‡Oi †gvn wQ‡jv e‡jB Avw¤^qv‡K cQ›` Kiv m‡Ë¡I cyÎea~ K‡i N‡i †Zv‡jbwb
Avwmqv LvZzb, †P‡q‡Qb dmv© DËivwaKvi, G‡b‡Qb gqbvi g‡Zv †Mvivmy›`ix‡K N‡ii eD K‡i|
d‡j †mLv‡bB ¯^xq ¯^‡cœi cwic~i‡Yi ¯^cœ †`‡L wb¤œ¯Í‡ii Avw¤^qv‡K ewÂZ K‡i‡Qb wZwb Ges
Gfv‡eB †ivwcZ n‡q‡Q M‡íi fweZ‡e¨i ؇›Øi exR| AZtci ¯^‡cœi APwiZv_©Zv M‡íi
kxl©we›`y‡Z AvMÖvmx K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Avwmqv LvZzb‡K| Avi †mB AvMÖvm‡bi wecix‡Z iæ‡L `vuwo‡qB
wb‡Ri ¯^Kxq Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q Avw¤^qv| A_©vr ¸iæZ¡wePv‡i gnr †jLK‡`i g‡ZvB
HwZnvwmK e¯‘ev`x Ø›Ø I eY©vÜ Jcwb‡ewkK †m․›`h©‡evaÑ GB `ywU m~·K g~jxf~Z K‡iB
knx`yj Rwni gvwU I gvby‡li i‡Oi Avðh© AvL¨vb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb GB M‡í|

†N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡q

wkífw½ we‡ePbvq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Ô†N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡qÕ MíwU knx`yj Rwn‡ii
evuKe`‡ji Mí| Db¥~j gvby‡li AvL¨vb wjL‡jI knx`yj Rwni GB M‡íi cÖwZ‡ek iPbv
K‡i‡Qb cyivb XvKvi GKwU gnjøv‡K ‡K›`ª K‡i| Avb›` cvj †j‡bi mvgwóK Rxe‡b DU‡Kv
Sv‡gjvi g‡Zv D‡o G‡m Ry‡o e‡m mK‡ji gvbwmK hš¿Yvi KviY n‡q emv AvjdvRywÏb
Avn¤§` Ii‡d beve GB M‡íi g~j PwiÎ| GB Pwi‡Îi k³ †Kv‡bv Drm †bB, GK boe‡o Drm
†_‡K D‡V Avmv PwiÎwU c~e©cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq DËicyiæl‡K K‡i Zzj‡Z Pvq mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q
†hvM¨Zg K‡i| ZvB †m GKgvÎ DËivwaKvi, cyÎ iwdK‡K wb‡q QbœQvov Rxeb hvcb K‡i,
wb‡Ri Zzjbvq AviI mvgvwRK †hvM¨Zvq ewjô K‡i †Zvjvi ¯^‡cœ †m †Q‡j‡K wb‡q cvjv‡bvi
g‡Zv K‡i Qz‡U †eovq GLvb †_‡K †mLv‡b| GB weivgnxb Qz‡U Pjv Rxe‡bi GKmgq †m
Dcw¯’Z nq Avb›` cvj †j‡b, †mLvbKvi Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv AvL¨vb wb‡qB MíKvi wj‡L‡Qb
Ô†N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡qÕ MíwU|

35
msNe× Rxe‡b Af¨¯Í cvov ev gnjøvi gvby‡li mvgwóK gvbm wb‡q DËiKv‡j knx`yj Rwni †h
K_vmvwn‡Z¨i PP©v K‡i‡Qb, GB MíwU †hb †mB wkí‡K․k‡ji cÖ¯‘wZ| m½wbweo kû‡i gnjøvi
gvbyl Zv‡`i cwiwPZ Rxe‡b nVvr K‡i †KD G‡m hw` eyK wPwZ‡q, Zv‡`i c‡ivqv bv K‡i
wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i P‡j, Zvn‡j Zvi cÖwZ †mB gnjøvi ¯’vqx ev `xN©w`‡bi cvovevmxi †h
msÿzä fv‡ei m„wó nq, Ges †mB ms‡ÿvf †h †Kv‡bv GK mgq ZxeªZifv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q IB
AvMš‘‡Ki Rxeb‡K e¨vnZ K‡i †mB mvgwóK ev¯ÍeZvi wPÎ knx`yj Rwni GB M‡í Zz‡j
G‡b‡Qb|

kZ evav m‡Ë¡I ¯^vfvweK RxebhvÎvq A‡hvM¨ gvbyl wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôvi Rb¨, ¯^cœ ev¯Íevq‡bi
Rb¨ •ah© a‡i _v‡K A‡cÿv K‡i cieZ©x bZzb mKv‡ji, ¯^vwcœK n‡q I‡V Avevi Ny‡i `vuovevi
Ñ Ô†N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡qÕ MíwU †mB ¯^cœ`k©x gvby‡li AvL¨vb|

Avb›` cvj †j‡bi gvby‡li Rxe‡b nVvr wbivb›` Dc`ªe n‡q Avwef©~Z nq beve| hLb G gnjøvq
evo‡Z _v‡K RbemwZ ZLb µgea©gvb ev¯‘msKU ev e¨emvqx cªwZôvb wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB
wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z bZzb Ni Zzj‡Z _‡K, †mB avivevwnKZvq cyi‡bv gw›`‡ii Mv †Nu‡l †bcvj VvKzi
M‡o †Zv‡j GKwU Lycwi, beve †mB Lycwii fvovwUqv wn‡m‡e RvqMv K‡i †bq, Zvici wb‡RB
wb‡Ri A™¢yZ Rxebhvcb w`‡q †K‡o †bq mK‡ji `„wó, mK‡ji fvebvRM‡Z GKUv †bwZevPK
g~wZ© wb‡qB †m `Ðvqgvb nq| mgv‡Ri ev gnjøvi gvby‡li †mB fvebvi msev` w`‡q †jLK MíwU
ïiæ K‡i‡QbÑÒ†jvKUv w`b‡K w`b †hb GKUv mgm¨v n‡q `vuov‡”Q|Ó44

e¨¯Í bvMwiK Rxe‡bi wK¤¢~Zfvebvi †LvivK n‡q I‡V †m, bZzb wPšÍvi †XD wb‡q Av‡m gnjøvi
gvby‡li mvgwóK gvbm‡jv‡K Ñ †jL‡Ki eY©bvq ÒAvb›` cvj †j‡bi Awaevmx‡`i Rxeb wb¯Íi½
bq| ZeyI cvovUvi ewni‡½ GKUv mybmvb fve wQj| g‡bi †fZi hv-B _vK, evB‡i mK‡jB
GZUv GKvZ¥ wQj A_ev GZUv wew”Qbœ wQj ci¯ú‡ii †h Ab¨‡K wb‡q Avjvc Kivi g‡Zv wKQz
†hb Zv‡`i wQj bv|... Avb›` cvj †j‡bi GB gvbm †PnviUv cv‡ë †`qvi Rb¨B †hb †jvKUv
G‡m †M‡o emj cvovq|Ó45 h~_e× Rxe‡bi mycwiwPZ avivq D‡o G‡m hw` †KD wb‡Ri
AwfbeZ¡ wb‡q RvqvMv K‡i wb‡Z Pvq, Ges Zvi c×wZ hw` cwicv‡k¦©i gvby‡li Kv‡Q †V‡K
mskqRvMvwbqv, Z‡e †fZ‡i †fZ‡i Zvi Ici †ÿ‡c DV‡e mevBÑGUvB ¯^vfvweK cÖwZwµqv|
Ges †mB cÖwZwµqvwgwkÖZ `„wó‡KvY †_‡KB beve me©Î we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q cÖwZbvq‡Ki g‡Zv|
†bcvj VvKz‡ii KvQ †_‡K gw›`‡ii †ivqv‡K M‡o IVv NiwU fvov wb‡q cvovq w¯’Z n‡qB †m

36
mevi gv‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K‡›`ª Avmxb n‡q hvq, cÖ_‡g hw`I mevB Zvi Ae¯’vb wel‡q bv-IqvwKd
_v‡K, ZviciI †m-B †hb ÒAvb›` cvj †j‡bi Rxebavivq Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í cvK w`‡Z ïiæ Kij
wb‡R gvSLv‡b `vuwo‡q †_‡K|Ó46

cÖ_gw`‡K bev‡ei AÁvZ †ckv Ges inm¨gq Rxebhvcb mevi g‡a¨ Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i|
GKUv †QvÆ KzVzwi‡Z mšÍvb wb‡q gvb‡eZi emevm, †`vKv‡b †`vKv‡b †P‡q †P‡q evwK LvIqv
Ges GK ch©v‡q fvov bv w`‡Z w`‡Z IB N‡ii `Lj`vi e‡b hvIqvq Rbg‡b GKUv wewÿß
g‡bvfve •Zwi K‡i beve| Zvi ï× PwP©Z evsjv D”PviY Ab¨w`K †_‡K Zv‡K Avjv`v K‡i iv‡L
gnjøvi gvbyl †_‡K| †Kgb †hb wb‡ev©a I Mv-Qvov ai‡bi Rxeb hvcb w`‡q wb‡R‡K †m GKUv
¯^Zš¿ fvevbvi e„‡Ë Ave× K‡i iv‡L, wKš‘ gnjøvi Ò†jv‡K Aek¨ Zv‡K wb‡ev©a fve‡Z ivwR bv|
fv‡e, kvjv NyNy|Ó47

mKj †jv‡Ki gv‡S e‡m †Kej wb‡Ri gy`ªv‡`v‡l wb‡R‡K Avjv`v K‡i ivL‡jI bvbvwea
cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z Zv‡K wewfbœ R‡bi kiYvcbœ n‡Z nq, wKš‘ †jv‡K †Zv Zv‡K Avov‡j Avov‡j
ÔNyNyÕ e‡j wPwýZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| d‡j bev‡ei m‡½ Zv‡`i AvPiY cÖZ¨vkvbyhvqx nq, Ø›Ø R‡g
I‡V `yB c‡ÿiB, A‣ea Dcv‡q beve‡K †gUv‡Z nq wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb| GwU Ggb GKwU
cwiw¯’wZ †h, mevB‡K †g‡b wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z †M‡j †m evavi m¤§yLxb nq, Avevi wb‡Ri
g‡Zv K‡i †gUv‡jI A‡b¨i m‡›`n ev †ivl`„wói wkKvi n‡q c‡o| GB Ae¯’v‡ZI beve †eu‡P
_vK‡Z Pvq, mšÍvb iwdK‡K evuwP‡q ivLvi ¯^cœ †`‡L |

†eu‡P _vKvi mKj cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nIqvq feNy‡i wcZvi mv_©K DËivwaKvi n‡q GK`v Ni †Q‡o
Avmv beve hyMcr `y‡Uv mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL nq, GKwU mgm¨v Zv‡K w_Zz n‡Z †`q bv, Av‡iKwU
N‡i†eu‡a iv‡L Av`¨šÍ| †k‡lv³ mgm¨vwU †m AR©b K‡i‡Q Rwibvi fv‡jvevmv †_‡K| wKQz bv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I †h Zv‡K me wKQzi ¯^cœ †`wL‡qwQj, Zvici eÜb wQu‡o cvwo Rwg‡qwQj ci‡jv‡K,
ZviB †i‡L hvIqv ey‡Ki gvwbK iwdK, beve ZvB iwdK‡K my›`i fwel¨r w`‡q †h‡Z Pvq,
ivL‡Z Pvq Rwibvi fv‡jvevmvi gvb| Gi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g cÖ‡qvRb w_Zz n‡q emevm| wKš‘ w_Zz
nevi Rb¨ †hmKj †hvM¨Zv Avek¨K, †mB gv‡bi gb I A_©mvg_©¨ †bB bev‡ei| ZvB Zv‡K
Aw¯’i-w¯’iZvq Pj‡Z nq hvhve‡ii g‡Zv| †Kv‡bv RvqMvq hZw`b gvwU Kvg‡o wUwK‡q ivLv hvq
wb‡R‡`i, †mLv‡b †mB Kqw`b-B|

37
wKš‘ Avb›` cvj †j‡b †m m¤§yLxb nq bvbv evavi| gnjøvi †jvK GK mgq Zv‡K wb‡R‡`i
mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| ÒA‡bKUv nvjKv `v‡`i mgm¨vi g‡Zv| weiw³Ki, KL‡bv KL‡bv
D‡ËRK|Ó48 Kvh©Z GB PzjKvwb mgm¨v wb‡q mvaviY †jvK PzjKv‡Z gRv cvq Ges GKmgq
†`Lv hvq ÒAvb›` cvj †j‡bi VvKzi evwoi Av‡kcv‡ki Awaevmx‡`i GLb w`b Kv‡U beve cÖm½
wb‡q|Ó49 Zv‡`i mv`v-Kv‡jv fvebvi KPjvwb ax‡i ax‡i •Zwi K‡i gqjv Avi †mB gqjvi g‡Zv
fvebv Zv‡`i g‡b e‡R©¨i g‡Zv Rgv nq, Zv‡`i fvebvi ÒµgvMZ AveZ©‡b †f‡m I‡V bwb|
Kv‡jv bwb|Ó50 Ges Zviv G ch©v‡q w¯’iwm×všÍ †bq †h Ò†jvKUv NyNyB|Ó GB wm×všÍ †_‡KB
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ beve‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv P‡j, Zv‡`i ÒAv‡jvPbvi Pµ Nyi‡Z _v‡K Avi Kv‡jv
†_‡K Kv‡jv n‡q Rg‡Z _v‡K mi|Ó51

Avb›` cvj †j‡bi gvbyl Drmvnx n‡q I‡V Zvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z, Zv‡`i †avuqvkv Kv‡U hLb Zviv
Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, beve GKwU e¨vs‡K myBcvi (†g_i) wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Kvh©Z beve Zvi
Ae¯’vb nvivq Ges mvgvwRK `„wói we‡ePbv-†iLv Zvi †ejvq AviI wb¤œZi nq| wKš‘ knx`yj
Rwni e¨w³i Rxeb‡K AviI `xN© mg‡qi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z †`Lv‡Z m‡Pó, d‡j bev‡ei Ògwjb
†cvkvK, †Pnviv Avi webqx nvwmi †R` wVKB i‡q †Mj| †bcvj VvKz‡ii ey‡Ki Ici fvwi
cv_‡ii g‡Zv †P‡c e‡m beve w`b gvm KvwU‡q w`‡Z jvMj| m~h© A¯Í Avi D`‡qi we›`y‡Z P°i
†Lj Avb›` cvj †j‡bi iv¯Ívi Dci GK‡N‡q njy` Av‡jv †d‡j †d‡j| beve‡K wb‡q
Av‡jvPbvI GK‡N‡q n‡q †Mj|Ó52

GgZve¯’vq MíKvi M‡í cÖvY wdwi‡q‡Qb †c․imfvi wbe©vPb wb‡q G‡m| •mq` †nv‡mb I
Gikv` wgqvi wbe©wPbx jovB‡q †edvum gšÍe¨ K‡i AveviI Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m beve| Gikv`
wgqv‡K wb‡Ri AvPiY w`‡q Kvey K‡i e‡U wKš‘ Zvi GB mvdj¨ mK‡ji g‡b AveviI A¯^w¯Í
RvwM‡q †Zv‡j, Òbeve‡K wb‡q mK‡ji A¯^w¯Í †fZi wcuc‡oi g‡Zv myomyo K‡i nvu‡U|Ó53 ZvB
gnjøv gvbyl wb‡R‡`i wnsmvcivqYZvi m‡½ fve‡Z _v‡K ÑÒ†jvKUv‡K GKw`b aiv `iKvi|
dwK‡ii ev”Pv GKUv, gvbm¤§vb wKQz †bB| evwK †L‡q, PvwjqvwZ K‡i Rxeb KvUv‡”Q| Zvi WvuU
wK! wK‡mi WvuU, †Kv_vq WvuU †KD Rv‡b bv, ZeyI g‡b nq WvuU Av‡Q|Ó54 KÈKcÖwZg fv‡e
e‡jB bev‡ei AÁv‡Z Zvi cwiYwZ •Zwi Ki‡Z _v‡K mgv‡Ri gvbyl| _v‡K Zviv my‡hv‡Mi
A‡cÿvq, my‡hvM Av‡m GK ch©v‡q P~ovšÍiƒ‡c|

38
†Kv‡bv GK el©YgyLi mܨvq hLb mevB wb‡R‡`i N‡i Avoó, hLb evB‡ii c„w_exi gvbyl wb‡q
†KD fve‡Q bv, Ggb wK †`vKvb`vi dRjy †ei n‡Z cvi‡Q bv †`vKv‡bi †fZi †_‡K, ZLb
†Kv‡bv GK wfLvwi igYx mšÍvb‡Kv‡j AvkÖq †bq gw›`‡ii eviv›`vq, cig ggZvi e‡k beve
e„wói nvZ †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ wb‡Ri N‡i RvqMv †`q, †`vKv‡bi †fZi †_‡K †`‡L dRjy, G `„k¨
†`‡L ÒdRjyi gv_vi g‡a¨ w`‡q GKUv †cvKv †nu‡U hvq|Ó55 `jej wb‡q †W‡K Av‡b Gikv`
wgqv‡K| mevB Zv‡K mve¨¯Í K‡i †`vlx wn‡m‡e| †g‡qwU‡K cv‡ci cÖvqwðË wn‡m‡e weevn w`‡Z
Pvq bev‡ei m‡½| †hb dvu‡` †d‡j w`‡q‡Q Kvw•ÿZ NyNy‡K, GgbB Djøvm †R‡M I‡V gnjøvi
Cl©vKvZi †jvK¸‡jvi g‡a¨| cv‡ci cÖgvY wn‡m‡e Zviv †hb bev‡ei Mjvq Szwj‡q w`‡Z Pvq
Acgv‡bi gvjv| †hb GB †Kv‡bvg‡Z †cU Pvjv‡bv †jvKwUi Kvu‡a AviI `ywU †cU Pvjv‡bvi
†evSv Pvwc‡q e`jv wb‡Z Pvq Awb‡`©k¨ Acgv‡bi, Zviv ZvB †g‡qwUi ag©-bvg wKQzB Rvb‡Z
Pvq bv, Avi hLb Rvb‡Z Pvq ZLb †Kv‡bv my‡hvM-B _v‡K bv ejvi| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Mjv
DuPv‡bvi my‡hvM _v‡K bv, mgq _v‡K bv wb‡Ri wKQz eywS‡q ejvi, cÖwZ‡e‡ki mevB hLb
cÖwZK~j ZLb wm×všÍ †g‡b †bqv Qvov Dcvq _v‡K bv †Kv‡bv, mw¤§wjZ †Mvôxi mvg‡b ZvB
AvcvZ civRq †g‡b †bq beveÑ Òbeve Lye nvjKv K‡i Nvo bv‡o| AùzU ¯^‡i †hb e‡j, bv|
fq K‡i, Mjv ey‡R Av‡m|Ó56 knx`yj Rwni Pwi‡Îi †g․jcÖeYZv a‡I iv‡Lb GB cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI,
ZvB eY©bv K‡ibÑÒZey D‡V `vuovq I, Avevi e‡j, bv|Ó gb †_‡K g‡i hvevi cvÎ beve bq,
ZvB ÒAv‡av-‡f․wZK AÜKv‡i †XvK wM‡j wM‡j Mjv †fRv‡Z †fRv‡Z †m A‡cÿv K‡i,
Zvic‡ii|Ó57

beve PwiÎwUi Af¨šÍixY •ewk󨸇jv‡K knx`yj Rwni †h․w³K K‡i Zzj‡Z †m¸‡jvi m~Îwb‡`©k
K‡i‡Qb Amvgvb¨ `ÿZvq| bev‡ei PwiÎ-cÖK…wZi ¯^iƒc wbg©v‡Y wZwb cÖvmw½Kfv‡e cÖhy³
K‡i‡Qb `ywU Pwi·K, hv‡`i GKRb n‡”Q bev‡ei wcZv AvbQviDwÏb, Ab¨Rb Zvi ¯¿x Rwibv|
†eu‡P _vKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b AvbQviDwÏb P‡j G‡mwQj Kzwóqvq, †e‡Q wb‡qwQj mnRZi RxweKv-
AR©‡bi e„wË ÔPvUzKvwiZvÕ, †h Kvi‡Y †m cwiwPwZ †c‡qwQj Ô†j½yiÕ bv‡g| wcZvi †mB KiæY
Ae¯’v fve‡j AvRI bev‡ei ÒKv‡bi †Mvov jvj n‡q hvqÓ58| ZeyI wcZvi †mB Avðh© wU‡K
_vKvi †K․kj Zv‡K Awff~Z K‡i cÖvqk| wcZvi ÒRwg-wR‡iZ wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j, wQj
gywk©`vev` m~Îxq GKUv AwKcÖvK„wZK A‡j․wKK Me©‡eva, a~Z© Pvûwb Avi †ik‡gi g‡Zv
†gvjv‡qg GKUv ¯^fve|Ó59 wcZvi ¯^fveMZ DËivwaKvi cy‡ivcywiB †c‡qwQj beve| ZvB †m
n‡Z cv‡iwb †Kv‡bv Kv‡RB ÔZz‡LvoÕ| ÒMwi‡ei ivM _vKwZ †bBÓÑ wcZvi GB Dc‡`k †hb
39
wek¦v‡m cwiYZ n‡qwQj Zvi| mvgvwRK A‡hvM¨Zv Zvi ¯^fv‡e ZvB G‡b w`‡qwQj •eivM¨,
cvwj‡q †eovevi cÖej AvMÖn| ZvB †m w_Zz n‡Z cv‡iwb †Kv_vI| wKš‘ ü`q Zvi ek †g‡bwQj
Rwibvi Kv‡Q| ZvB ÒeÜbnxbZvi PvB‡Z Rwibvi eÜb Abycg g‡b n‡qwQj|Ó60 LvwbKUv
¯^‡cœi exR †ivcY K‡i w`‡qwQj Zvi g‡b †mB ci‡jvKMZv Rwibv| d‡j ¯^vwcœKZvi m‡½
¯^vfvweK J`vmxb¨ hyMcr m½x n‡qwQj Zvi| ZvB mK‡ji Ae‡njv Mv‡q m‡q †M‡Q Zvi|
mšÍvb‡K ax‡i ax‡i †hvM¨ gvbyl K‡i Zzj‡e GB ¯^‡cœi ev¯ÍevqbK‡í m‡q †M‡Q mKj Acgvb,
Ae‡njv| GKUv myß Avkvev‡`i Zvobvq †kKo Qov‡Z †P‡q‡Q Avb›` cvj †j‡bi Rxe‡b|
†Kv‡bv g‡Zv wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ RywU‡q wb‡q‡Q AvkÖq, ¯^fveweiæ× †ckv| AR¯ª cÖwZK~jZvi
g‡a¨I Rxeb‡K Rxe‡bi MwZ‡ZB Pj‡Z †`qÑ ÒcwÄKvi cvZvq FZz Movq| cwÄKvi FZz e`j
Rxe‡b D‡V Avm‡eÑ GB Avkv wb‡q beve ÿ‡Zi gy‡Li gvwQ Zvovq| ÿZ M‡j, cu‡P| beve
gvwQ Zvovq PzcPvc Avkv wb‡q| iwdK ¯‥z‡j hvq| beve e¨v‡¼i Uq‡jU †avq| wU‡K _v‡K|
wU‡K _vK‡j Rxe‡b FZz-e`j NU‡e nq‡Zv, beve fv‡e, eܨv Rxeb FZzgZx n‡e, Rwg Avi
bvixi g‡Zv Rxe‡bi fvuov‡i †mvbvi dmj n‡e|Ó61 GB ¯^cœ †`L‡Z Zv‡K †h RwibvB
wkwL‡qwQj Zv wbtm‡›`n| ZvB †m ¯^cœ evuPv‡Z Pvq, iwdK‡K fv‡e Rwibvi ¯^‡cœi Avavi| ZvB
cyÎgvÎ cyuwR wb‡q wU‡K _vK‡Z Pvq †m gvwU Kvg‡o|

wKš‘ Zvi g‡bi ‡Kv_vI nq‡Zv mskq-‡iLv wµqgvb wQj, ZvB GKev‡i †kl gyn~‡Z© wb‡Ri
cwiw¯’wZ Ae‡jvKb K‡i bev‡ei g‡b nqÑ ÒGfv‡e nq bv| g‡bi †Kv_vI †hb Rvbv wQj, n‡e
bv| Awek¦v‡mi weiæ‡× wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i e‡mwQj †m, hw` n‡q hvq, †b․‡Kv hw` cvi n‡q hvq
†Kv‡bv iK‡g mgvR-msmv‡ii Li‡¯ªv‡Z WzweWzwe K‡iI|Ó62 M‡íi cwiYwZ‡Z †jLK †`wL‡q
†`b †h, ÒZv nq bv, †b․‡Kv Wz‡eB hvq|Ó GgZve¯’vq hvi ¯^cœ evuwP‡q ivL‡Z GB fvmgvb
Rxe‡b wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q †i‡L‡Q †mB ÒRwibv‡K g‡b c‡o bev‡ei|Ó Ges wb‡Ri fvebvi
evB‡ii, Kíbvi AZxZ †Kv‡bv fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i, ÒA‡cÿv K‡i, Zvic‡ii|Ó
fweZe¨ †nvK Zvi AviI ÿZhy³, gvwQ †m bv nq Zvov‡e bv, ZeyI GB AÜKvi †K‡U AvmyK
Av‡jv, AvmyK †iv`, Rxe‡bi Av`ª©Zv †K‡U ï®‥Zv AvmyK| †m †iv‡` ÿZ ev Nv _vKzK, †iv`Uv
†nvK †N‡qv, ZeyI †Zv AvmyK| GB †N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡q †eu‡P _v‡K bev‡eiv| knx`yj
Rwni mgv‡Ri GB Db¥~j-wb¤œ‡iL gvbyl¸‡jvi Rxe‡bi bvbvwea cÖv_©bv wb‡q mvRvb AvL¨v‡bi
cmiv, m‡e©vcwi Rxeb wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q wj‡Lb Zvui Rxeb I gvwUMÜx Mí¸‡jv||

40
Z_¨wb‡`©k:

1. cvivcvi: gy³aviv, XvKv; 1985|

2. GKRb wkíx hLb †c‡q hvb Zvui CwáZ cwic~Y©Zv, hLb wb‡Ri KɇK nvRv‡iv K‡Éi g‡a¨ wPb‡Z
cv‡ib Avjv`v K‡i, ZLb-B wZwb wb‡Ri wbR¯^Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z Zrci n‡q I‡Vb; ZLb AviI
wbw`©ó Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv m„wó‡KI wZwb A¯^xKvi K‡ib| †Kbbv Zv Zvui Aaybvjä
¯^KxqZv‡K ÿzYœ K‡i| nq‡Zv GB fvebv †_‡KB iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvui ÔgvbmxÕ-c~e© iPbv¸‡jv‡K
K‡iwQ‡jb ÔAPwjZ msMÖnÕfz³, Rxebvb›` `vk ÔSiv cvjKÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU‡K Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb
A¯^xKvi| knx`yj Rwni nq‡Zv †Zgb fvebv †_‡KB ÔcvivcviÕ MÖš’wU‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| GB NUbvi ¯^vÿx †jLK Avngv` gvhnvi, wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb: ÒAvgv‡K †mw`b wZwb
cvivcvi eBwU‡K Zvui m„wóKg© wn‡m‡e MY¨ bv Ki‡Z Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY wn‡m‡e wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb †h, I‡Z †jL‡Ki ¯^vZš¿¨ †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e jÿ Kiv hv‡e bv|Ó m~Î: †gvnv¤§`
Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv; 2010| c„ôv Ñ 422 |
3. fvjevmv : cvivcvi; cÖv¸³|
4. cÖv¸³
5. cÖv¸³
6. Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ MíUv eveycyiv ew¯Í GjvKvi Mí|Ñ knx`yj Rwni: m~Î Ñ †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`
(m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv; 2010| c„ôv Ñ 567 |
7. fvjevmv: cvivcvi; cÖv¸³
8. †Zvive †mL : cvivcvi; cÖv¸³
9. cÖv¸³
10. cÖv¸³
11. cÖv¸³
12. cÖv¸³
13. cÖv¸³
14. cÖv¸³
15. cÖv¸³
16. cÖv¸³
17. cÖv¸³
18. cÖv¸³
19. cÖv¸³
20. cÖv¸³
21. cÖv¸³

41
22. cÖv¸³
23. cÖv¸³
24. cÖv¸³
25. cÖv¸³
26. cÖv¸³
27. cÖv¸³
28. cÖv¸³
29. GB MíMÖ‡š’i Mímg~n m¤ú‡K© GK mvÿvrKv‡i †jLK Rvwb‡q‡Qb: Òcvivcv‡ii Mí¸‡jv gy³aviv
†_‡K Õ85 mv‡j †ei n‡jv| ...GB Mí¸‡jv gvK©mxq `k©‡bi mivmwi cÖfv‡ei AvIZvq †jLv|Ó
Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv mvÿvrKvi; m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni
¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 567
30. cvivcvi : cvivcvi; cÖv¸³
31. cÖv¸³
32. cÖv¸³
33. cÖv¸³
34. cÖv¸³
35. cÖv¸³
36. Av‡d«v-Av‡gwiKvb es‡kv™¢~Z weL¨vZ divwm wecøex I `vk©wbK, DËi-Dcwb‡ekZvwË¡K d«vbrm& dv‡bvu
(1925- 1961) Zvui†h MÖ‡š’ cÖ_g HwZnvwmK weeZ©b wb‡`©k K‡i DËi Dcwb‡ek m¤ú‡K© cÖvgvY¨
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb, †mB eB‡qi bvg Ñ ÔeøvK w¯‥b †nvqvBU gv¯‥Õ (1952)|
37. GB Mí cÖm‡½ knx`yj Rwni wb‡RB D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb: ÒAvgvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡q‡Q GUv evsjv‡`‡ki
Rbms¯‥…wZi wbweo cvV †_‡K fvebvmg~n D‡V G‡m‡Q|Ó Ñ Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi‡K †`qv
mvÿvrKvi; m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 567
38. gvwU Ges gvby‡li is : cvivcvi; gy³aviv, XvKv; 1985
39. cÖv¸³
40. cÖv¸³
41. cÖv¸³
42. cÖv¸³
43. cÖv¸³
44. †N‡qv †iv‡`i cÖv_©bv wb‡q : cvivcvi: gy³aviv, XvKv; 1985
45. cÖv¸³
46. cÖv¸³
47. cÖv¸³

42
48. cÖv¸³
49. cÖv¸³
50. cÖv¸³
51. cÖv¸³
52. cÖv¸³
53. cÖv¸³
54. cÖv¸³
55. cÖv¸³
56. cÖv¸³
57. cÖv¸³
58. cÖv¸³
59. cÖv¸³
60. cÖv¸³
61. cÖv¸³
62. cÖv¸³
63. cÖv¸³

43
 PZz_© Aa¨vq

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí: wØZxq ch©vq

Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí

ÔWygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕMíMÖ‡š’†hb bZzb GK knx`yj Rwn‡ii AvMgb N‡U‡Q|

ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i †jLK G‡Kev‡iB cv‡ë †M‡Qb welqweb¨v‡mi KzkjZvq Ges eq‡bi
fvlvfw½‡Z1| nVvr K‡i g‡b n‡Z cv‡i Djøçb, wKš‘ knx`yj Rwni wek¦vmx bb GgbZi
AjxK‡Z¡, cwieZ©b bv e‡j †jL‡Ki fvlvi weea©b ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Rwni wb‡RB Rvwb‡q‡Qb
†h, cvivcvi MÖ‡š’i ci †h fvlvwfwËK cwieZ©b Av‡m Zvui g‡a¨ ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ
Dcb¨vmwU †m `y‡qi †hvMm~Î2| GB Dcb¨v‡mi fvwlK I eqbMZ •kwj‡Z knx`yj Rwni wb‡R‡K
bZzb K‡i Avwe®‥vi K‡ib| wb‡Ri bv‡gi †klvsk cwieZ©b K‡i ÔnKÕ †_‡K n‡q hvb ÔRwniÕ|
ïay bv‡g bq wkífvebvqI Rwn‡ii N‡U bv›`wbK cwiea©b| Míeq‡bi wel‡qi m‡½ A½xf~Z nq
Rv`yev¯ÍeZvi Dcv`vb3; Ges ev‡K¨i MVb n‡q hvq m‡›`nevPK m¤¢vebvq ficyi; e¨eüZ nq
cvV‡Ki fvebve„ˇK eûfw½g K‡i †Zvjvi GK wewkó fvlvfw½| GB Abc‡bq wewkóZv AviI
c° n‡q I‡V Zvui ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’i AvL¨vb¸‡jv iPbvKv‡j| djZ
GK wkíxi †g․wjKZ¡`k©x MÖ‡š’i D`vniY n‡q D‡V‡Q eZ©gvb MÖš’wU|

knx`yj Rwni †h-mKj M‡íi eqb K‡i‡Qb Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕi c~‡e©, †m¸‡jv‡Z
¯úó fv‡eB cÖfve wQ‡jv Zvui c~e©eZ©x †jLK •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i, A‡bK †ÿ‡Î •mq` kvgmyj
n‡Ki4|GgbwK ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i K‡qKwU M‡íi †jL‡Ki bvg Dn¨ ivL‡j cvV‡Ki c‡ÿ KwVb
n‡q DV‡e •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i m‡½ cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY| hw`I Rxebexÿ‡Yi `„wófw½MZ e¨eavb
`yR‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ¯úó K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

cÖ_g c‡e© wkí`„wó‡Z gvK©mev‡` wek¦vmx knx`yj Rwni ÔcvivcviÕ-Gi me©ÎB f~wgR-kÖgjMœ
gvby‡li wewea cÖwZev‡`i †PZbv‡K e¨w³K ev mvgwóK ch©vq †_‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Aaybv
wkífv‡l hv‡K nq‡Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq wb¤œe‡M©i †PZbv Øviv, wKš‘ ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ
I ZrcieZ©x c‡e© wZwb †mB wek¦vm †_‡K m‡i G‡m‡Qb5Ges wbQK Mí ejvi Avb‡›`B gvby‡li
Rxeb‡K iƒc`vb K‡i‡Qb M‡í I Dcb¨v‡m|gvby‡li †m Rxeb KLbI GKvšÍ e¨w³MZ, KLbI
ivRbxwZi Wvgv‡Xv‡j wech©¯Í, KLbI mvgwóK RxebmsjMœ|

44
ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨vm I ZrcieZ©xKv‡ji K_vKvi knx`yj Rwni GKev‡iB
wfbœ wkí‡K․k‡ji Abymvix| wZwb ZZw`‡b wk‡L †d‡j‡Qb Míejvi bZzb aiY| gv‡K©‡mi
cÖfve I cÖ‡ivPbvq wP‡b wb‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i DËivaywbK gwR©¸‡jv‡K| wZwb
GLb †jvK-AvL¨v‡bi K_¨fw½ wb‡Ri MíeY©bvq e¨eenv‡i m‡Pó| cÖPwjZ wkíixwZi cwie‡Z©
weP~wY©Z AvL¨vbixwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z wZwb mZZcÖ‡PóvgyLi| eqbfvlvq weï× AvPviwbôZv cwiZ¨vM
K‡i cÖvqk K_¨fw½i kã evbv‡b I D”Pvi‡Y Aejxjvq e¨envi K‡i‡Qb wZwb| cÖvK…Z
fvlvfw½‡K wk‡íi Af¨šÍ‡i cÖwZôv Kivi †h DËivaywbKKv‡ji cÖeYZv, Zv knx`yj Rwn‡ii GB
c‡e© my¯úó| cici `ywU wek¦hy‡×i fq¼i AwfÁZv we‡k¦i g½jKvgx `k©‡b †h Abv¯’v •Zwi
K‡iwQ‡jv, Zv-B cÖKvk cvw”Q‡jv ZrcieZ©x wek¦wk‡íi eûew¼g fw½gvq| cÖPwjZ ixwZ-Avw½K
†f‡O bZzb Avw½‡Ki NUwQ‡jv AvZ¥cÖKvk| GK wewgkÖ, wKš‘ wbR †`kxq HwZ‡n¨i AbyMvgx
mnPi, wkífw½ cvw”Q‡jv cÖwZôv|

fvlvi cvkvcvwk, GB c‡e© knx`yj Rwn‡ii Ô†cÖÿYwe›`yÕi aviYv e`‡j wM‡qwQ‡jv A‡bKUv, M‡í
I Dcb¨v‡m hv µgk `„k¨gvb n‡q D‡V‡Q| †K›`ªxq, cÖvwšÍK ev me©Á `„wó‡Kv‡Yi c×wZ e`‡j
wM‡q n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv mvgwóK `„wó‡KvY-c×wZ; M‡íi K_K n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv AvwgÕ Ô†mÕ BZ¨vw`-
¯’‡j ÔAvgivÕ, ÔZvivÕ ÔgnjøvÕ ev ÔGjvKvevmxÕ6| eY©bvKvixi wewPÎ Dcw¯’wZ fvlvi •ewPΨ
evwo‡q †Zvjvq AvÂwjK-Dcfvlvi Dcw¯’wZ evowQ‡jv| †jLK n‡q DVwQ‡jb Dc¯’vcK gvÎ|
AvL¨v‡b †Kv‡bv cwiYwZ cÖ`k©‡bi †P‡q GKai‡bi gy³ cwiYwZ Avbq‡bi †SvuK cvw”Q‡jv
cÖwZôv| Z‡e GB cwiZ¨vM †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Q‡K cybivq wb‡R‡K Ave× Kivi cÖZ¨q †_‡K N‡Uwb,
QK †_‡K gyw³i AvKv•ÿvB †hb Gi AšÍ‡i me©`v Kvh©Ki wQ‡jv| knx`yj Rwni GB Kv•ÿvq †h
h‡_ó DØy×, Zv Zvui GB c‡e©i AvL¨vb eY©bvi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i cÖKvwkZ Ges cÖgvwYZ| †mB cÖgvY
wZwb †i‡L‡Qb M‡íi eqb‡K․k‡j; eq‡bi fvlvMV‡b; fvlvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ev‡K¨i wbwnZ †m․›`h© I
wkíZvrc‡h©|

GKRb K_‡Ki cÖPwjZ eY©bfw½ †_‡K m‡i wM‡q †jLK G-c‡e© (wØZxq ch©v‡qi iPbvmg~‡n)
eû¯^‡ii e¨env‡i GKcÖKvi eûm¤¢vebvgq gy³Mí eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Kvh©Z, evK¨¸wj mij
_v‡Kwb Avi, eûR‡bi AskMÖn‡Y eûm¤¢vebv †`Lv‡Z wM‡q n‡q c‡o‡Q RwUj| LÐ evK¨ †Rvov
w`‡q w`‡q wZwb ev‡K¨i kixi wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb Ges †mB †Rvov jvMv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i‡Qb
Ggb wKQz ms‡hvRK-we‡qvRKg~jK Ae¨q c`, hviv ev‡K¨i GKwU wbw`©ó A‡_©i m¤¢vebv‡K

45
e¨vnZ K‡i‡Q cÖvqk; Dciš‘ ev‡K¨i eûwea A_©Zvrch© M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc GKwU
ev‡K¨i MVb e¨vL¨v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:

ÒmvZKvwbqvi †jv‡Kiv, hviv evRv‡i hvq A_ev evRvi †_‡K †evqvwjqv cvov wKsev mZx
cvovi w`‡K †d‡i, Zviv gmwR‡`i mvg‡b w`‡q hvIqvi mgq †`‡L †h, •Zgyi Avwj jyw½ dvuK
K‡i †i‡L BwR †Pqv‡i e‡m NygvqÓ7|

DwjøwLZ ev‡K¨i MV‡b `ywU we‡qvRK Ae¨q c‡`i e¨envi K‡i ewY©Ze¨ wel‡qi KZ©v I K‡g©i
m¤úvw`Z wµqvq •ewPΨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| evK¨wUi ïiæ‡Z cvVK hLb mvZKvwbqvi †jvK‡`i K_v
fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i †h Zviv evRv‡i hv‡”Q, wKš‘ m‡½ m‡½ †jLK ej‡Qb †h, bv Zviv evRvi †_‡K
wdi‡QÑ GgbUvI n‡Z cv‡i| AZtci Zviv wdi‡Q gmwR‡`i mvg‡b w`‡q †evqvwjqv cvovi
w`‡K, wKš‘ †jLK ÔwKsevÕ e¨envi K‡i Rvwb‡q †`b †h Ñ bv, Zviv mZx cvovi w`‡KI wdi‡Z
cv‡i| GgZeY©bvq cvV‡Ki g‡b GKcÖKvi †Ljv •Zwi nq; GKwU wbw`©ó MšÍ‡e¨ bv wM‡q wewfbœ
MšÍ‡e¨ cwiåg‡Yi Avb›` jvf K‡i| ev‡K¨i A_© wbg©v‡Yi GB cÖ‡Póvq knx`yj Rwni cvVK‡K
m¤ú„³ K‡ib; Zv‡Z GB wØZxq c‡e©i knx`yj Rwni AwfbeZ¡ AR©b K‡ib| M‡íi cwiYwZ
Kíbvq cvV‡Ki AskMÖnY MíwU‡K GKKfv‡e GKR‡bi m„wóK‡g© Ave× iv‡L bv| cvVK‡`i
AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM w`‡qB GKcÖKvi †Lvjvgy‡Li Mí •Zwi K‡ib; †m M‡íi wba©vwiZ cwiYwZ
nq‡Zv GKwU, wKš‘ †mB cwiYwZ‡Z †c․uQv‡bvi AvMch©šÍ cvVK‡K wZwb wb‡R‡`i KwíZ c_-
wbg©v‡Yi my‡hvM `vb K‡ib| wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ cÖPj _vK‡jI evsjv M‡í GB ixwZ bZzb| GB
Awfbe‡Z¡i FY ¯^xKv‡i knx`yj Rwni evisevi ¯§iYxq|

46
AvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bB

ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ- MÖš’wU †h Mím߇K n‡q D‡V‡Q cwic~Y©, ÔAvMviMvuI
K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bBÕ kxl©K MíwU ‡m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g| bMi‡cÖÿvc‡U mxwgZ
cwim‡i gvbeRxe‡bi e¨w³K I mvgwóKej‡qi PgKcÖ` AvL¨vb ÔAvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z
bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bBÕ| e¨¯Í bMiRxe‡bi ¯^w¯Í A‡š^l‡Yi AmvaviY GB M‡í †jLK Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb gvbegb¯Í‡Ë¡i wPiKvjxb cÖeYZvmg~n; wKš‘ Z_¨‡hv‡M mgmvgwqK BwZnv‡mi
wgkÖYgva¨‡g wZwb MíwUi g‡a¨ G‡b‡Qb AaybvKv‡ji mi| m‡ii AveiY mwi‡q w`‡j M‡íi †h
KvVv‡gv GLv‡b cvIqv hvq Zv GKvšÍB wbR¯^ZvKvgx-wbf…ZPvix GK PvKzwiRxexi g„Zz¨i Kvwnwb
Ges †m Kvi‡Y AvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj †dvUv eÜ n‡q hvIqvi weeiY| AvcvZ`„‡ó
Kvh©KviYm~Î e¨vnZ n‡jI gvbweKwP‡Ëi fv‡jvevmvi †KvgjZv cÖK…wZi cÖv‡Y Qwo‡q hvIqvi
Kvwnwb Av‡qvRb wZwb K‡i‡Qb PgrKvi eY©bvq| GKw`‡K gvb‡e-cÖK…wZ‡Z wgj‡bi m‡½
me©cÖvYZvi cÖm½wU †hgb GM‡í ZvwË¡Kfv‡e `„k¨gvb n‡q D‡V‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K bvMwiK Rxe‡b
Af¨¯Í GK e¨w³i Pig wbtm½Zvq cÖK…wZ‡Z AvkÖq †bevi A¯^vfvweK cÖ‡PóvI dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Z‡e G-c‡e© M‡íi wel‡qi m‡½ m‡½ K_K wn‡m‡e knx`yj Rwn‡ii beZi fw½i ¯^KxqZv ¯úó
n‡q D‡V‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk|

mKj †jv‡Ki gv‡S e‡m †Kej wb‡Ri gy`ªv‡`v‡l GKv n‡q hvIqv PvKz‡i Ave`ym mvËv‡ii
Af~Zc~e© g„Zz¨Kvwnwbi AvL¨vb eY©bv †jLK ïiæ K‡i‡Qb el©vi †g․my‡g †Kv‡bv GKw`b Zvi
Awdm †_‡K evmvq †divi eY©bvi gva¨‡g| GLv‡bB evmvi mvg‡b G‡m Ave`ym mvËv‡ii
c`öjb N‡U Ges M‡íi ïiæ nq| GB Ave`ym mvËv‡ii GKvKx Rxe‡bi Mí †jLK e‡j P‡jb
AZtci| msmv‡i †_‡KI Ave`ym mvËvi msmviweivMx| cwiev‡ii †Kvjvnj †_‡K mwi‡q †m
wb‡R‡K AvU‡K iv‡L wb‡Ri fze‡b| Avi †mB fzeb Zvi miKvwi evmvi eviv›`v| †QvÆ GKwU
mxgvq wb‡Ri fzeb iPbvi †h cÖe„wË, knx`yj Rwn‡ii jÿ¨ †mw`‡KB| wZwb bMiRxe‡bi GB
Ave`ym mvËvi ev mvËv‡ii g‡Zv gvby‡li GKvwK‡Z¡i AvL¨vb eqb K‡ib| †mB AvL¨v‡b ZvB
wZwb Ave`ym mvËvi‡K e¨vj‡Kvwbi wbf…Z‡jv‡K wb‡Ri c„w_ex wbg©v‡Yi AeKvk †`b Ges eY©bv
K‡ib:

e¨vj‡Kvwbi †e‡Zi †Pqv‡i kixi Wzwe‡q †m ivZ ch©šÍ e‡m _v‡K, evmvi †fZi Zvi `y cyÎ I
GK Kb¨v Ges ¯¿x †jLvcov K‡i, Kjie K‡i, cv‡ki d¬¨v‡U wM‡q †Uwjwfkb †`‡L, Avi †m

47
 ZLb eviv›`vq AÜKv‡ii m‡½ wg‡k _v‡K| †m †`‡L w`‡bi Av‡jv gy‡Q hvIqvi ci AÜKvi
†Kgb Mfxi Avi ¯úk©‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V; †m ZvwK‡q _v‡K ïay, GZ Zvi †Kv‡bv Avb›` A_ev
K¬vwšÍ nq bv, †hgb †Kivwbi miKvwi PvKwi‡Z †m K¬vwšÍi †evanxbfv‡e †j‡M _v‡K|8

GB Af¨¯ÍRxe‡bi AvL¨vb LvwbKUv •ewPΨ jvf K‡i hLb Ave`ym mvËv‡ii ¯¿x wkixb Zvi
evMvbwejvwmZv cÖKvk K‡i, Zv‡Z Ave`ym mvËv‡ii wbivfiY e¨vj‡Kvwb mw¾Z nq Ges †mB
m¾v K‡jvwbi Ab¨vb¨ evMvbwcÖq igYx‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i| d‡j K‡jv‡wbi mg¯Í e¨vj‡Kvwb ax‡i
ax‡i bqbZviv dz‡j †Q‡q hvq, K‡jvwbi bv›`wbKZv ev‡o Ges Ave`ym mvËv‡ii RxebhvÎvi
¯^vfvweKZv e¨vnZ nq|Ò†Kej Ave`ym mvËvi GB e„‡Ëi evB‡i †_‡K hvq|Ó9

G ch©v‡q Ave`ym mvËv‡ii gvbmMV‡bi cÖK…wZwU ¯úó n‡q I‡V Zvi we‡ePbv`„wói
cÖKvkgva¨‡g| †m ZvwK‡q N‡ii †fZi jvMv‡bv bai K¨vKUvm †`‡L Ges fv‡e:

GB MvQwU gvby‡li Rxe‡bi g‡ZvÑ kÖxQvu`, gvc‡RvLnxb Ges me©v½ KÈKvKxY©|10

A_P GB e„ÿ, GB evMv‡bi iO Òevn¨Z cÖK…wZi m‡½ AvaywbK gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i †h fvimvg¨
wQbœ n‡q‡Q e‡j ÁvbxR‡biv g‡b K‡ib Zv GB...KwZcq ¸j¥RvZxq Mv‡Qi meyR cÎ-cjøe‡K
wN‡i †givgZ n‡q I‡V|Ó11

¯^xq Abyaveb I we‡køl‡Yi wfbœZvq Ave`ym mvËvi hw`I c„_K n‡q _v‡K mKj Av‡qvRb †_‡K
ZeyI †m c„_K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| eQiLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B cÖK…wZi GB Rxe‡bi m‡½ Af¨¯Í n‡q
I‡V †m| bqbZviv dz‡ji GB K‡jvwb-we¯Í…Z evMv‡b cv‡ki cyi‡bv wegvb e›`‡ii †SvcSvo
†_‡K cÖRvcwZiv Av‡m, cÖRvcwZ †`L‡Z Av‡m kn‡ii bvbv †Kv‡Yi Awaevmx| †jLK GLv‡b
bMiRxe‡bi we‡bv`‡bi `xbve¯’vi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡ib| mgKvj Zv‡Z msw¯’wZ jvf K‡i M‡í|
hw`I GBme †jvKviY¨fve Ave`ym mvËv‡ii wbivjv Rxe‡b weNœ NUvq, ZeyI GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨
†m Af¨¯Í n‡q I‡V GB cÖK…wZi Av‡qvR‡bi m‡½; Dciš‘ cÖK…wZi mv‡_, we‡klZ cÖRvcwZ I
bqbZviv dz‡ji mv‡_ Zvi AvwZ¥K †hvM N‡U hvq- Ò†m ZvwK‡q †`‡L, nvZ w`‡q Kv‡bi MnŸi
†_‡K cÖRvcwZi cvLvi †iYy mvd K‡i, Rvgvi †fZi cÖRvcwZ Xz‡K †M‡j Qvwo‡q †`q, g‡b nq
†hb GBme cZ‡½i AwaKv‡ii †fZi emev‡m †m Af¨¯Í n‡q I‡VÓ12|

Ave`ym mvËv‡ii GB Af¨¯ÍZvB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i MíwUi g~j we›`y| †Kbbv, knx`yj Rwni GB
M‡íi wk‡ivbv‡g AvL¨v‡bi †h D‡ÏkgyL wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jv Ñ AvMviMvuI K‡jvwb

48
†_‡KcÖK…wZRvZ dz‡ji cÖv‡Yi †hvM-we‡”Q`| Ges †mLv‡b bqbZviv dzj I K‡jvwbi gvby‡li
mv‡_ wgj‡bi m~Î wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i cÖRvcwZ Avi cÖRvcwZi Aew¯’wZ Ab¨vb¨ K‡jvwbevmxi
Kv‡Q g‡b wfbœer-ÒcÖ_g ‡hw`b cÖRvcwZiv D‡V Av‡m, †mw`b K‡jvwbi †jv‡Kiv fq †c‡q hvq
GB †f‡e †h, cÖRvcwZiv Zv‡`i M„‡nB nq‡Zv †_‡K hv‡e, Ges wWg †c‡o Zv‡`i meyR ¯^‡cœi
†fZi †mvbvwj ïu‡qv‡cvKvi ivRZ¡ M‡o Zzj‡e|Ó13 d‡j Ave`ym mvËv‡ii m‡½ cÖRvcwZi
gva¨‡g bqbZviv dz‡ji cÖv‡Yi †hvM N‡U Ges f~wgK‡¤úi d‡j Ave`ym mvËv‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j
AvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj dz‡U IVevi AvMÖn nvivq hv M‡el‡Ki wbR¯^ e¨vL¨vq Rvbv
hvq|

knx`yj Rwni g~jZ G M‡í wbR©bZvwcÖq Ave`ym mvËv‡ii m‡½ dz‡ji cÖvYms‡hvM †`wL‡q
cÖK…wZ-gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i bZzb msÁvq‡b cÖqvmx n‡q D‡V‡Qb| d‡j Ave`ym mvËv‡ii cvwievwiK
Rxe‡bi †P‡q g‡bvRxeb GLv‡b cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q| Zvi †mB GKvKx Rxe‡bi wbweo wPšÍb
†Kgb K‡i †hb GK ai‡bi m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j dz‡j‡`i mv‡_ Ges f~wgK¤ú PjvKv‡j †mB
m¤ú‡K©i Uvb †_‡KB †hb †m bqbZviv dz‡ji `ywU Ue evuPv‡bvi †Póv K‡i Ges wb‡R wb®úÖvY
n‡q hvq| dzj I Ave`ym mvËv‡ii GB cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© h‡ZvUv gvbexq, Zvi †P‡q †ewk
cÖvK…wZK| cÖK…wZi wfbœ `y cÖKvi m„Rb e‡jB Zv‡`i m¤úK© DrcwËMZ w`K †_‡K n‡q I‡V
AvwZ¥K| Avi †mB AvwZ¥KZvi cÖeÜb RvMÖZ nq e‡jB Rxe‡bi AwšÍg gyn~‡Z© Ave`ym mvËvi
wb‡Ri †P‡q `ywU dz‡ji U‡ei ¸iæZ¡ †`q †ewk Ges wb‡Ri cÖvY nvivq| M‡el‡Ki fvebvq †mB
e³e¨B cÖKvk cvq; wZwb dz‡ji g‡a¨ †mB AvZ¥xqZv‡eva wµqvkxj n‡Z †`‡Lb Ges Ave`ym
mvËv‡ii g„Zz¨i ci GK ai‡bi AvZ¥nZ¨vcÖeY gvbwmKZv jÿ K‡ib dz‡j‡`i g‡a¨| djZ
AvMviMvuI K‡jvwbi dzj¸‡jv `j †eu‡a g‡i †h‡Z _v‡K| wZwb Zvi fvebv wjwce× Ki‡Z wM‡q
†j‡Lb:

ÒAvwg †Zv Rvwb Mv‡Qiv †Kgb ms‡e`bkxj cÖvYx|Ó14

49
KvVz‡i I `vuoKvK

ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ MíwUi bvgKi‡Yi g‡a¨B GKwU iƒcK_v ev DcK_v ejvi AwfcÖvq ¯úó
n‡q D‡V‡Q| wewfbœ wkï‡Zvl ev wkÿvg~jK DcK_vi Av‡ek m„wó K‡i knx`yj Rwni wb‡Ri
GKwU g‡bvfw½ we‡klfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb G-MÖ‡š’|wZwb †hb ej‡Z PvB‡Qb -Avwg Ggb GKwU
M‡íi AeZviYv KiwQ, †h MíwU cÖPjfw½i Mí¸‡jv †L‡K c„_K n‡e, g‡b c‡o hv‡e
evj¨‡ejvq cov ev †kvbv †Kv‡bv M‡íi bvg| wKš‘ M‡íi wfZ‡i _vK‡e Avgvi wbR¯^ M‡íi
Av‡qvRb| A_©vr M‡íi †gvoK n‡e AwZ †Pbv †Kv‡bv i‡Oi wKš‘ Zvi eqvb n‡e A‡Pbv-A‡`Lv
†Kv‡bv `„‡k¨i| e¯‘Z knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí ejvi GB Awfbe fw½i ïiæ GB ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ
M‡íi gva¨‡gB|15

mf¨ mvRm¾vnxb cÖvK…Z `yB bibvixi Mí ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ| AvKvjy I †Uwc- G `y‡qi mij
Rxe‡b mgvR-A_©bxwZi jvjmvRvZ Mij Kxfv‡e wbqwZi g‡Zv †b‡g Av‡m, AZtci wbqwZi
Kv‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i mgc©Y K‡i AvKvjy I †Uwc †h AwZ‡j․wKK cwiYwZ jvf K‡i, knx`yj
Rwni †mB AvL¨vb-B eqb K‡i‡Qb ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ M‡í| e¯‘Z knx`yj Rwni `yai‡bi
cwi‡cÖwÿZ m„wó K‡i ÔgvwUi mvij¨-fivÕ gvby‡li cwiYwZ †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb; Gi GKw`‡K †hgb
Ams¯‥…Z gvby‡li Rxe‡b wbqwZi wµqvkxjZv eZ©gvb i‡q‡Q Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Zv‡`i Zzjbvq
Clr A_ev e¨vcKfv‡e ms¯‥…Z gvby‡li jvjmvi wkKvi n‡q Zv‡`i wejxb n‡q hvIqvi wPÎ
A¼b K‡i‡Qb| Kvh©Z M‡í †`Lv hvq cÖK…wZi mvij¨fiv gvbe-gvbex AvKvjy Avi †Uwci µgk
A`„k¨ n‡q hvIqvi `„k¨| GB `„k¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g knx`yj Rwni †hb eZ©gvb AvaywbK
mf¨Zvq cÖvK…Z-mšÍv‡bi evisevi civR‡qi e„Ë AvuK‡Z †P‡q GK ai‡bi AwZcÖvK…‡Zi AvkÖ‡q
mgZvweavb K‡i‡Qb| djZ, cÖK…wZms¯’v‡bi (Ecology System) GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvwY wn‡m‡e
GKwU kn‡i KvK-Gi wejxb n‡q hvIqvi Mí e‡j‡Qb ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ bvgK AvL¨v‡b|

gvby‡li evbv‡bv mgvRe¨e¯’vq ÿgZvKvVv‡gv wePv‡i Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ÿgZvnxb gvby‡li mgvR

†_‡K DrLvZ n‡q hvIqvi wPiKvjxb MíI ejv hvq GB ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ‡K| M‡íi GB
welq web¨v‡m mn‡RB GKwU cÖZxKx e³‡e¨i ms‡KZ Lyu‡R cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv DËi
Jcwb‡ewkKKv‡j ÿgZvi †Rv‡i wewfbœ †`‡k N‡U hvIqv `Lj I DrLv‡Zi wPÎ g‡b Kwi‡q
w`‡Z mÿg|16

50
GBme AšÍ¯ÍwiK A_© e¨wZ‡i‡KI ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ MíwUi Av¯^v`¸Y knx`yj Rwn‡ii Ab¨vb¨
M‡íi g‡ZvB Abb¨| A‡bKUv iƒcK_v ejvi X‡OB wZwb M‡íi KvVv‡gv Kíbv K‡i‡Qb Ges
†mB mKj Abyl½ wb‡q G‡m M‡íi A½ K‡i‡Qb wef~wlZ| †hb KvVz‡ii mij Rxe‡bi bvbvwea
mZZvi cixÿv I cyi¯‥vi wb‡q cÖPwjZ †jvKKvwnwb ejvi Rb¨B Mí ïiæ K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
G‡Kev‡i †jvKvj‡qi evB‡i emevm Kiv GK `¤úwZ, hv‡`i †Kv‡bv fv‡jv bvg †bB, e¨w³Z¡
wPwýZ Kivi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv Av_©-mvgvwRK cwiwPwZ †bB; Av‡Q ïay wb‡Ri kixim¤úwË Ges
GKR‡bi Rb¨ Av‡iKRb| cÖwZcwËcÖavb mgv‡R Ac‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡bi wbwi‡L wba©vwiZ nq Zv‡`i
RxweKvm~Î| hv‡`i m¤^j AšÍnxb mvij¨ I ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ MfxiZi fv‡jvevmv| †mB `¤úwZi
Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv wewfbœ weo¤^bvi m‡½ †jLK XvKv kn‡ii KvKk~b¨ n‡q hvevi Kvwnwb GKÎ
K‡i GKwU †gjeÜb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖK…wZwbô mij cÖvwYmg~‡ni GB KzwUj wRNvsmvcivqY
bMi †_‡K DavI nevi GKwU KviY AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb| bM‡ii cÖvY hLb n‡q hvq GKev‡iB
ggZvk~b¨, †mLv‡b gvbweKZv ev cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v‡eva _v‡K bv Avi _v‡Kbv e‡jB G‡K n‡q
I‡V Ac‡ii kÎæ; GKc‡ÿi †QvÆ mvd‡j¨I Acic‡ÿi g‡b wnsmvi Av¸b R¡‡j I‡V, djZ
Ac‡ii c‡_ KvuUv n‡q `vuovq †m| wecbœ K‡i Zzj‡Z kZfvM m‡Pó nq Zvi Rxeb| GgZve¯’vq
wKwÂZ gvbweKZv‡eva †eu‡P _v‡K hv‡`i AšÍ‡i, Zviv GB hy× †_‡K wb‡R‡`i cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i
†bq| GB M‡í †jLK kû‡i mf¨Zvi †mB KzwUj evZvei‡Yi AwMœKzÐ †_‡K KvK I KvVz‡i‡K
cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡q †hb GKcÖKvi mgv‡jvPbvwPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb; iƒcK_vi Q‡j AvuK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb
bvMwiK fe¨Zvi cÖvYnxb Kv`vKvi|

Ôeûw`b c~‡e©Õ XvKv kn‡ii KvKk~b¨ n‡q hvevi g~j KviY AbymÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q knx`yj Rwni
ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ M‡íi Kvwnwbm~Î eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges ïiæ K‡i‡Qb g~j Mí ejv| cÖvq cvuP
eQi a‡i Pjv GB KvK k~b¨ nevi cÖwµqvwU ïiæ nq Ôhgybv b`xi cwðg cv‡i wmivRMÄ kni
Ges wmivRMÄ kn‡ii Q gvBj cwð‡g GKwU †QvÆ MÖvg, †mB MÖv‡gi bvg •eKzÉcyiÕ-G| †mB
MÖv‡gi cv‡ki Lv‡j av‡i GKwU †QvU Szcwoi g‡a¨ emevmiZ wbtmšÍvb `¤úwZ AvKvjy Ges
†Uwc GB M‡íi g~j PwiÎ| †jLK GB cÖvšÍeZ©x KvVz‡i †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ cwiev‡ii `yRb
m`‡m¨i bvgKi‡Y †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb Ggb `ywU bvg hv G‡Kev‡iB †jvKmgvRPwP©Z Ges
cÖwZcwËm¤úbœ-mgvRewR©Z Av¯^v`m¤úbœ| knx`yj Rwni AZ¨šÍ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Zv‡`i cwiPq
`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges GKwU welq we‡ePbvq †i‡L‡Qb †h, evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgv‡ji Awaevmx‡`i
mvaviYZ GKwU mvgvwRK-cvwievwiK WvKbvg Ges GKwU mb`xq bvg _vKvi eûj cÖPwjZ ixwZ
51
i‡q‡Q; †m‡ÿ‡Î Zviv †h mgv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges ¯^Zš¿ cwiPqKvgx GB wØwea mËvq cÖKvk
K‡i wb‡R‡`i †m welqwUI wZwb ¸iæZ¡mn M‡í Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| †mB mvgvwRK •ØaZv †_‡K
G‡Kev‡i c„_K Kivi j‡ÿ¨B wZwb Zv‡`i cwiPq †`evi mgq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb: ÒZvi bvg
AvKvjy, Zvi GKwUB bvg Ges Zvi m‡½ _v‡K Zvi ¯¿x †Uwc, †UwciI bvg GKwUB|Ó 17 †jLK
†hb GLv‡bB Rvbv‡Z cÖqvm K‡i‡Qb †h, bv‡gi †hgb Zv‡`i wØZxq wcV †bB †Zgwb Pwi‡ÎiI
†bB Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wcV| G‡Kev‡iB GKZj wewkó Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix GB `¤úwZ‡K wb‡q wZwb
M‡íi g~j eqv‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Rxeb hvÎvq G‡Kev‡iB Avw`g Nivbvi Af¨¯ÍZvq wbô GB
`¤úwZ; d‡j mf¨Zvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK gvby‡li g‡bv‡jv‡K †P‡c
emv KzU‡K․kj GL‡bv iß K‡iwb Zviv, †_‡K †M‡Q cÖK…wZ-†Nulv| GB cÖK…wZ-mwbœwnZ mšÍvb‡`i
†hb µgk RwUj Rxe‡bi gvbwP‡Î G‡b wZwb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb GB bvMwiK mvgvwRKZvi
¯^v_©Rv‡j †eu‡P _vKvUv Zv‡`i Rb¨ K‡ZvUv KwVb Ges Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z †M‡j K‡Zv
AbvPv‡ii gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq, †hLv‡b cÖK…wZi †Kv‡bv AskB evuP‡Z cv‡i bv †klch©šÍ|

GB M‡í AvKvjy I †Uwc Ggb GK †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvq emevm K‡i hv‡`i †`‡L g‡b c‡o hv‡e
Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi WvBwbi K_v, KviY wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e mgv‡Ri g~jwe›`y †_‡K `ywU
M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎB `~ieZ©x Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z| GB AvKvjy I †Uwci M‡í knx`yj Rwni
†jvKK_vi AvL¨vb-e„wË e¨envi K‡i‡Qb; mvgwMÖK wePv‡i mvgvwRK gvby‡li mKj •ewk‡ó¨i
evB‡i wM‡q wZwb Kíbv K‡i‡Qb GB PwiÎ `ywU‡K| hviv ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ mn‡hvwMZvq, ggZvq
Avi wbf©ikxj fv‡jvevmvq m¤úwK©Z| cÖK…wZi mij weea©gvbZvi m‡½ emevm Zv‡`i, cÖK…wZi
cÖwZwU cÖKvk Zv‡`i AvZ¥x‡qi g‡Zvb| djZ †`Lv hvq †Uwc, AvKvjyi `„wó‡Z hvi gv_vq ÔwQUÕ
Av‡Q wKš‘ msmvi Ki‡Z AvcwË †bB hvi mv‡_, †mB wbtmšÍvb †Uwc wb‡Ri jvMv‡bv mewRi
jZv‡K mšÍvb‡¯œn †`Lvq, Zvi evrm‡j¨i J`vh© †_‡K ev` hvq bv †Kv‡bv cÖvYxI| †Zgwb
evrm‡j¨i m~Î a‡i Zv‡`i Rxe‡b KvK cÖ‡ek K‡i| †jLK GK †jvK-AvL¨v‡bi m~Î e¨envi
K‡i, †m m~Î wZwb gvbyl I evb‡ii cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wba©vi‡Y e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Ab¨vb¨ Mí-
Dcb¨v‡m, †mB m~‡Î Kv‡Ki m‡½ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib GB `¤úwZi| Kvh©Z GB M‡í AvKvjy I
†Uwci K_vgvjvq hy³ n‡q hvq KvK|

evOvwji †jvKgvb‡m ÔKvKÕ Ag½‡ji cÖZxK n‡jI G-M‡í me©`vB f~wgnxb-MÖvgZ¨³ AvKvjy-
†Uwci Kv‡Q Zv g½jevZ©v wb‡q Av‡m| wKš‘ †mB g½j Zv‡`i Rxe‡b ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i bv

52
wb‡R‡`i A_©‣bwZK KzU‡K․kj bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y| djZ hv AvcvZ g½j, Zv cwiYv‡g Ag½j
wb‡q Av‡m GB `¤úwZi Rxe‡b; Ges AvKvjy KvK‡K Ag½‡ji m~PK wn‡m‡eB †`L‡Z _v‡K
wb‡Ri ms¯‥vi wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y| wKš‘ M‡íi AvMv‡Mvov Kv‡Ki m‡½ Zv‡`i m¤úK© cybt¯’vwcZ
n‡Z _v‡K evisevi| Ges †k‡l †mB Kv‡Ki `‡ji AvkÖ‡qB Zviv iÿv cvq bM‡ii µgwelv³
n‡q IVv cÖwZ‡ek †_‡K| GB m¤ú‡K©I Mí ej‡Z wM‡qB †jLK AvL¨v‡bi ïiæ‡Z †Uwc I
AvKvjyi wbS©ÅvU msmviRxe‡b mšÍv‡bi g‡Zv ggZv w`‡q Kv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ wb‡q G‡m‡Qb|
evrm‡j¨i `ye©jZvq D‡o Avmv GK KvK‡K cig ggZvq †Uwc ÿzavZ© e‡j mbv³ K‡i cvwb
†L‡Z †`q| KvK cvwb Lvq bv| GKUz ci cv½vwmnv‡Ui ReŸvi Avwji mv‡_ evKPvZz‡h© bv †c‡i
AwZ m¯Ív gRywi‡Z cv½vwm nvB¯‥z‡ji cv‡ki cyi‡bv eUMvQwUi g~j DVv‡bvi Kv‡R wbhy³ nq|
GB Kv‡R AvKvjyi AvMÖ‡ni Zzjbvq †Uwci AvMÖn _v‡K †ewk †Kbbv †m ïb‡Z cvq †h KvK Kv-
Kv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z ej‡Q KvUzK Mv KvUzK Mv| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi wUKwUwK M‡íi wVK wVK
aŸwb AbyiY‡bi mv‡_ MíKv‡ii e¨eüZ †K․kj GLv‡b cÖvq wg‡j hvq| d‡j AvKvjy Kv‡R †b‡g
hvq Ges †mB Mv‡Qi g~j DwV‡q †dj‡j †mLv‡bi Ô‡Lvo‡jiÕ †fZ‡i †c‡q hvq K‡qK evwÛj
UvKv|

GB UvKv AvKvjy PvB‡j †i‡L w`‡Z cvi‡Zv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wKš‘ †jL‡Ki wPšÍv Ab¨w`‡K| wZwb
cÖK…wZi mvij¨ w`‡q M‡o Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb GB PwiÎ `y‡Uv‡K| ZvB †Kv‡bvfv‡eB nVvr K‡i
cvIqv †Kv‡bv Mw”QZ a‡bi Ici Zviv wb‡R‡`i gvwjKvbv `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Z‡e †Uwc hLb
KvK-WvKvi dj wn‡m‡e G¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ K‡i ZLb G¸‡jv wb‡Ri cvIbv e‡jB g‡b nq
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q| GLv‡b fvM¨ e`jv‡bvi †h AwZ‡j․wKK wek¦vm gvby‡li g‡b KvR K‡i †jLK †mB
hyw³B Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb M‡íi AMÖvq‡Y| wKš‘ Zviv hLb e¨_© nq UvKvi wn‡me †gjv‡Z, GK
jÿ UvKvi wn‡m‡e MЇMvj nq Ges GB m~‡Î UvKvi gvwjKvbvi welqwU Zv‡`i wPšÍvq Av‡m
Ges Zviv Abygv‡b mg_© nq †h G¸‡jv †Kv‡bv WvKv‡Zi Mw”QZ UvKv ZLb wb‡Ri fvM¨
†div‡bvi cÖvwß e‡j g‡b K‡i| Ò†Uwc e‡j, GB wfU¨vLvb wKbv dvjvI|Ó wKš‘ ÒAvKvjy e‡j
†h, GB UvKv evBi Ki‡j wec` Av‡Q|Ó ÒZLb Zv‡`i `ywðšÍv nq Ges AvKvjy †Uwci kixi
Rwo‡q a‡i e‡j, KvBjB wmivRMÄ hvqv Dwn‡ji b‡M K_v Kqv Avmgywb|Ó18

mvaviY `„wó‡Z g‡b n‡Z cv‡i GB welqwU wb‡q DwK‡ji mv‡_ civgk© Kivi wKQz †bB| wKš‘
mij bxwZ‡eva-ZvwoZ GB Pwiθ‡jvi Kv‡Q Zv ¸iæZ¡en| mgv‡Ri evB‡i _vK‡jI Zv‡`i

53
mgv‡Ri cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ Av‡Q; cÖwZwôZ mKj cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ Av‡Q AMva wbf©iZv I wek¦vm|
GB wek¦v‡mi e‡jB †m, AvKvjy, hLb ciw`b P‡j hvq kn‡i Ges DwKj ch©šÍ †c․uQv‡bvi Av‡M
wb‡Ri †Mvcb AwfmwÜ µgk cÖKvk K‡i †`q wewfbœR‡bi Kv‡Q Ges cwiYv‡g wb‡Ri cÖvß
m¤úwˇZ Zv‡`i‡K fvwM`vi K‡i †bq ZLb †jLK cwi®‥vi GKwU we‡f` †iLv •Zwi Ki‡Z
mÿg nb cvV‡Ki mvg‡b| cvV‡Ki g‡b †ÿvf I `qvi mÂvi nq Ges M‡íi m‡½ GwM‡q P‡j
cvV‡Ki g‡bi MwZ| wmMv‡iU we‡µZvi m‡½ DwK‡ji Kv‡Q †c․uQ‡j me ï‡b ÒDwKj e‡j,
Av‡M UvKv †`I c‡i eyw× w`gy| Zviv wZbRb `ycy‡ii mgq •eKzÉcy‡i AvKvjyi wf‡Uq G‡m
I‡V| †Uwc evwo wQj bv, AvKvjy UvKv †ei Kivi ci DwKj mv‡ne evwÛj ¸‡Y `vuZ †ei K‡i
nv‡m, Zvici cvuPUv evwÛj wb‡R †i‡L Ab¨ cvuPUv evwÛj AvKvjy‡K wdwi‡q †`q| wmMv‡iU
we‡µZv †jvKUv AvKvjyi nvZ †_‡K wZbwU evwÛj wb‡q †bq, ZLb AvKvjyi nv‡Zi Aewkó `y‡Uv
evwÛ‡ji w`‡K ZvwK‡q DwKj mv‡ne e‡j, GB UvKv GK eQ‡ii Av‡M evBi KB‡iv bv, †ZvgvK
GB eywÏ w`jvg; GK eQi ci Aí Aí KBiv evBi KBiv LiP KB‡iv, †ewk UvKv †Zvgvi nv‡Z
†`BL‡jB gvBb‡li m‡›`n nBe Avi †ZvgvK aBiv †R‡j XzKvBe|Ó19

A‡bK Li‡P GB fqwgwkÖZ ÔcPv eywÏÕ †bqvq †Uwci Awfgvb nq ¯^vgxi cÖwZ wKš‘ AvKvjy hLb
eySvq GB `yB evwÛ‡jI i‡q‡Q A‡bK UvKv ZLb Zvi gvb `~i nq, ÒKv‡jv gy‡L nvwm dy‡U
I‡VÓ20| Z‡e †mB nvwm †ewkÿY ¯’vqx nq bv| †jLK †evSv‡Z Pvb †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK cwiPq
Qvov †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡iB †Kv‡bv m¤úwË wb‡Ri AwaKv‡i ivLv hvq bv| m¤úwËnxb e¨w³ ev †Mvôx
†hgb Mixe e‡j Kg gRywi‡Z A‡b¨i gybvdv †RvMvq †Zgwb m¤úwËi gvwjK e‡b †M‡j nVvr
†mB m¤úwË a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv wb‡Ri A‡hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡YB| kw³gv‡bi †kvlY Zv‡K ev
Zv‡`i‡K wbqwZi g‡ZvB me©`v MÖvm K‡i| knx`yj Rwni GB †gvwUdUv‡KB G-M‡íi g~j
cÖvYkw³ wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb|

djZ, †mB iv‡Z WvKvwZi wkKvi nq AvKvjy-‡Uwc `¤úwZ| AZtci •eKzÉcyi †Q‡o hvIqv
Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv c_ †Lvjv _v‡K bv Zv‡`i mvg‡b| wb‡R‡`i nVvr K‡i cvIqv m¤úwËB †h
mKj wec‡`i KviY †mUv AvKvjy eyS‡Z cv‡i cwi®‥vi Ges MÖvg Z¨v‡Mi wm×všÍ wb‡q mcwiev‡i
XvKvq cvwo Rgvq| AvKvjy-†Uwc `¤úwZi XvKvq Avmvi GB cðvrKvwnwbi gva¨‡g †jLK †hb
†mBme Aby˜NvwUZ M‡íi Bkviv w`‡Z PvB‡jb hvi gva¨‡g µgk Rbeûj n‡q IVv GB XvKv
bMixi MÖvg †_‡K Avmv RbZvi kn‡i Avmvi KviY|

54
Z‡e M‡íi †gvwUd †jLK kn‡iI Awfbœ †i‡L‡Qb| d‡j kn‡i G‡m ew¯Í‡Z RvqMv †bqv
AvKvjy hLb wiKkv Pvjv‡bv‡Z hy³ nq ZLb Zv‡`i w`b †K‡U †h‡Z _v‡K wb‡f©Rvj| wKš‘
GKw`b †mB ew¯Í‡Z hLb †mB Kv‡Ki Avwef©ve N‡U Ges †Uwc Zv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡i Av‡Mi KvK
wn‡m‡e; ZLb Avevi `y‡fv©M †b‡g Avm‡Z _v‡K Zv‡`i Rxe‡b| KvK †`Lvi w`b wiKkvq †gvUv
Avq nq AvKvjyi; wKš‘ GKwU gvwbe¨vM †c‡q h_vh_ we‡ePbvq cywj‡ki Kv‡Q Rgv w`‡Z wM‡qB
ev‡a wecwË| cywjk Zv‡KB nqivwb Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| ZLb gv‡ii f‡q Ges †R‡ji f‡q †m
wb‡Ri AwR©Z mKj UvKv †mw`b cywjk‡K w`‡q G‡j Zvi g‡b nq †mB KvK-B mKj Ag½‡ji
cÖZxK| wb‡Ri MÖv‡gi †e`bvgq AwfÁZv Zv‡K GB wek¦v‡m `„p K‡i †Zv‡j, †m fq cvq|
GgZve¯’vq Zvi kû‡i eÜz Pv›`y Afq w`‡jI †m e‡j- Ò`vuo KvDqv Avgvi wc‡Q bvBM‡Q, Avi
evuPc bv|Ó21 AZtci cÂvk UvKvi wewbg‡q Zv‡K †R¨vwZl evevi KvQ †_‡K Ôbxjv cv_iÕ wb‡Z
nq|

†h‡nZz AvKvjy GB cv_iwU AvswU‡Z f‡i civi mvg_©¨ iv‡Lbv †mB †h․w³KZvq cv_iwU Kvc‡o
†eu‡a evû‡Z c‡i Ges GB bxjv cv_‡ii ¸‡Y Zvi Rxe‡b w¯’wZ Av‡m wKQzw`‡bi Rb¨| Avq
fv‡jv n‡Z _v‡K, myw¯’ifv‡e w`b KvU‡Z _v‡K, M‡í GKwU w¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZ m„wó nq| wKš‘
†jLK Zvui †gvwUd e¨env‡i we¯§„Z nb bv Ges †R¨vwZ‡li ev· †_‡K iZœ nvwi‡q hvevi
Awf‡hv‡M ew¯Í †_‡K †m cywjk KZ©„K a„Z nq| Gev‡i AvKvjy wb‡Ri wbqwZ‡K †g‡b †bq Ges
AbwZµg¨ evav‡K ¯^xK„wZ w`‡qB cywj‡ki Kv‡Q wb‡R wee„wZ †`q †h,ÒPv›`yi m‡½ †mI Pzwi K‡i
Ges Zv‡`i‡K GB Pzwii eyw× †`q Zvi ¯¿x, †Uwc|Ó22 G‡nb ¯^xKv‡ivw³i gva¨‡g †m †Uwc‡K
wb‡Ri KvQvKvwQ ivLvi welqwU wbwðZ K‡i| †hfv‡eB †nvK ¯^vgx-¯¿xi me©`v GKmv‡_ _vKvi
†h cÖvPxb fviZxq wek¦vm, me©Î mnMvgx nevi †h cÖZ¨q weev‡ni mgq D”PviY Kiv nq GwU †mB
wek¦v‡miB cÖwZdjb| †KvU© Zv‡`i †`o eQ‡ii mvRv w`‡j Zviv mvRv †fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges
†P․Ï gvm ci Zv‡`i †mB e›`x Rxe‡b Avevi Kv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ N‡U| Gev‡i AvKvjy fq †c‡q
hvq Ges mne›`x I †Rjvi‡K †mB Kv‡Ki Mí ej‡j †KD wek¦vm K‡i bv| NUbvµ‡g †mB
Kv‡Ki gva¨‡g †RjLvbvi †fZ‡iI wn‡ii AvswU cÖ‡ek K‡i| Ges †jv‡f c‡o Aveyj †mB
KvKP‡µ c‡o aiv co‡j AvKvjyi fxwZi mwZ¨Kvi Kvh©KvwiZv †Pv‡L c‡o †Rjv‡ii| AZtci
mvRv †k‡l GB fvM¨cxwoZ gvbe-gvbex‡K †Rjvi wb‡Ri RvqMv †`Lfv‡ji Kv‡R wbhy³ K‡i|
GLv‡bB MíwU †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Zvui jÿ¨ wfbœ we›`y‡Z| †gvwU‡di Kvh©KvwiZv wZwb
†i‡L †`b M‡íi †klvewa| Kvh©Z †mB bZzb Rxe‡bI KvK Zv‡`i wcQz †bq Ges Gev‡i KvK-
55
KvÐ m‡e©v”P wµqvkxjZv †`Lvq| bqv‡Uvjvi GB †Rjv‡ii wbR¯^ †Ni-†`qv RwgwU‡Z Kv‡Kiv
wb‡R‡`i msmvi †c‡Z e‡m| wb‡R‡`i Ni evbvevi Rb¨ †hmKj `ªe¨ Zviv msMÖn K‡i †m¸‡jvi
mv‡_ R‡ov n‡Z _v‡K `vwg me wRwbmcÎ| wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b jv‡M bv ev Abyfe K‡i bv
e‡jB †Uwc †m¸‡jv Ab¨ †jv‡K‡`i w`‡q †`q Ges Gfv‡eB msev` †c․u‡Q hvq Øv‡i Øv‡i|
GjvKvi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †mBme `vwg `ª‡e¨i Ici wb‡Ri AwaKvi `vwe K‡i| Ges bv w`‡Z cvi‡j
wb‡R‡K AvKvjy-†Uwci kÎæ e‡j Rvwni K‡i| A‡b‡K Avevi GB Ôj²xÕ KvK‡K wb‡Ri K‡i
†bevi Rb¨ dw›`-wdwKiI K‡i| G‡Z AvKvjy-†Uwci Rxe‡b RÄvj Dcw¯’Z nq, wU‡K _vKv n‡q
I‡V KóKi| Kvh©Z GKvšÍ Kvg¨ n‡q I‡V gyw³| Avi †mB gyw³i c‡_ GKw`b nVvr mij
`¤úwZ DavI n‡q hvq gnjøv †_‡K; Zv‡`i m‡½ bMi-Qvov nq Kv‡Ki `jI|

mgv‡Ri `„wó‡Z m¤úwËi gvwjK hw` n‡q hvq mvgvwRK gvb`‡Ð ÔA‡hvM¨Õ e¨w³, Z‡e Zv
nvZe`‡ji †Póv KivUv wPiKvjxb gbyl¨cÖe„wË| knx`yj Rwni †mB cÖe„wËi wecix‡ZB ¯’vcb
K‡iwQ‡jb AvKvjy I †Uwc‡K| Zviv wUK‡Z cv‡iwb| Zv‡`i g‡ZvB mvsmvwiK †f`-eyw×nxb Rš‘
mvaviY KvKI †mRb¨ GB cÖwZ‡e‡k wUK‡Z Aÿg| ZvB GKw`b Kv‡Ki `j D‡o P‡j hvq
MÖv‡gi w`‡K, m‡½ wb‡q hvq Zv‡`i g‡Zv GKB cwi‡e‡k Rb¥ †bqv AvKvjy I †Uwc‡K| nVvr
mKj Kv‡Ki P‡j hvIqv kni‡K K‡i †Zv‡j KvKk~b¨| knx`yj Rwni †mB KvKk~b¨ bM‡ii
Awaevmx n‡qB MíwU wj‡L‡Qb| M‡íi †klvs‡k ZvB wZwb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb GBfv‡e:ÒGB NUbvi
ci XvKv KvKk~b¨ n‡q c‡oÓ23|

wKš‘ Zvici wZwb †h evK¨gvjv M‡íi Dcmsnvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z mn‡RB
cÖwZfvZ nq †h, cÖvwYKz‡ji ev¯‘-ms¯’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i wZwb m‡PZb wQ‡jb h‡_ó| gvby‡li M‡íi
mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb GB cÖvwYKz‡ji Rxebe„ˇKI iƒc`v‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡Ki `‡ji g‡a¨ †hb
†mBme gyL dz‡U I‡V hviv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e AvKvjy-†Uwci g‡Zv AwfÁZv cÖvß n‡q‡Q|
ZvB Svu‡K Svu‡K G‡m †hvM w`‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mv‡_, hviv me©ÿ‡Y me©ve¯’vq Zv‡`i g‡Zv
fvM¨cxwoZ| mgv‡Ri KzwUjZv Zv‡`i _vK‡Z †`qwb †hgb •eKzÉcy‡i, †Zgwb eb aŸs‡mi
gva¨‡g cvwL‡`iI weZvwoZ Kiv n‡q‡Q wbišÍi| M‡í †jLK GB `yB †kÖwYi ¯^-ms¯’vb †_‡K
Db¥~j n‡q fvmgvb n‡q kn‡i P‡j Avmvi †cQ‡bi Kvwnwb e‡j‡Qb, GKBmv‡_ G `y‡qi
cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© †`wL‡q GK Ac‡ii DcKv‡i Avmvi Kvh©KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb; d‡j KvK
memgqB AvKvjy-†Uwci DcKvi K‡i †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e, wKš‘ AvKvjy-†Uwci cwicv‡k¦©i

56
†jvf-wiismv †mwU‡K `yfv©‡M¨ cwiYZ K‡i| †klch©šÍ P~ovšÍ gyn~‡Z© GB Kv‡K‡`i `j Zv‡`i‡K
wb‡R‡`i `‡j wfwo‡q Dwo‡q wb‡q hvq kn‡ii cvcwjß mxgvbv †_‡K| e¯‘Z cwicv‡k¦©i RNb¨
gb-gvbwmKZv I †jvfwm³ K`Pvi †ei K‡i †bevi Avi †Kv‡bv iv¯Ív _v‡Kbv †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q,
hyw³i e܇b AvKvjy-†Uwc‡K †mB AwMœcÖ¾¡wjZ Avevm †_‡K evuPv‡bvi †Kv‡bv c_ _v‡Kbv;
nq‡Zv Zv‡`i g„Zz¨B wbwðZ n‡q hvq wKš‘ †jLK Kv‡Ki Svu‡Ki mv‡_ Zv‡`i DavI K‡i †`b|
GLv‡b hyw³i eÜb †f‡O hvq, ev¯ÍeZv hv`yi mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i, •Zwi nq hv`yev¯Íe cwiYwZ|

†jLK Zvui Dcmsnv‡i GB KvK I KvVz‡ii Mí AvcvZZ †kl K‡ib GB ev‡K¨: ÒGB NUbvi
ci XvKv KvKk~b¨ n‡q c‡o Ges XvKvi cÖexY †jv‡Kiv GLb g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, †mBme w`‡b
KjZjv †_‡K mvevb nviv‡bvi NUbv G‡Kev‡i eÜ n‡q Av‡m; wKš‘ GKB m‡½ iv¯Ívq Acwi®‥…Z
AveR©bvi ¯Í~c R‡g †h‡Z _v‡K Ges kn‡ii AvKvk GK‡N‡q cvwLnxb n‡q I‡V|Ó24 kn‡ii
B‡Kv‡jvwR wm‡÷‡gi g‡a¨ cvwLi Abycw¯’wZ †h GKwU fvimvg¨nxb cwiw¯’wZ •Zwi K‡i †jLK
†hb †mwUB eySv‡Z Pvb| ÔGK‡N‡qÕ kãwU e¯‘Z kn‡ii cÖvY-•ewPÎnxb cwi‡ek‡KB cÖZxKvwqZ
K‡i| A_©vr, kn‡ii cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ iÿv‡_©B cÖ‡qvRb Kv‡Ki g‡Zv cvwLi Dcw¯’wZ|
cvkvcvwk bM‡ii evB‡ii MÖv‡gi gvby‡li g‡a¨ ¯^v_©wPšÍvi †ik KL‡bvB KvU‡e bv Ges GB
cÖwµqv eRvq _vK‡e wPiKvjÑ GB m‡Z¨i wfwˇZ wbišÍi KvVz‡i AvKvjyi g‡Zv gvbyl me©`v
ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡Z _vK‡e GwUI mZ¨| d‡j MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i Avmv Ges kn‡i wUK‡Z bv †c‡i
G‡Kev‡i Db¥~j-DavI n‡q hvevi cš’vUvI eRvq _vK‡e| Gfv‡eB hvIqv Avmvq fvimvg¨
iwÿZ n‡e bM‡ii cwi‡e‡kiÑ GB MvpZg Abyf~wZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii g‡b Kvh©Ki wQ‡jv e‡j
M‡íi †klUv wZwb eqb K‡i‡Qb GBfv‡e:

Gfv‡e eûw`b †K‡U hvq, Zvici Av‡kcv‡ki gd¯^j †_‡K wKQz KvK Av‡m GB kn‡i Ges
gd¯^‡ji GB Kv‡Ki bZzb cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Ki Rb¥ w`‡q kn‡i AvKvk cybivq f‡i †Zv‡j|25

57
Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl

ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbylÕ knx`yj Rwn‡ii †mB Abe`¨ M‡íi bvg, †hLv‡b gvbemf¨Zvi wPiKvjxb
†fvMwjáv I P~ovšÍ Kvgbvi AcÖvwßRwbZ †e`bvi myi GKBmv‡_ M‡íi kixi M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
†gvnveŸZ Avjx Rv`ywM‡ii Rv`yi Wzgyi d‡ji A‡j․wKK kw³ Ges †mB d‡ji cÖwZ mvaviY
†fv³vi µgea©gvb Pvwn`v‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q GB AmvaviY M‡íi AvL¨vb| MíKvi
†hb Avw`Kvj †_‡K gvby‡li g‡b wPiKvj †eu‡P _vKvi `„pg~j wek¦vm‡K g~j †gvwUd K‡iB M‡íi
dvu` †c‡Z‡Qb| hv‡K cyuwR K‡iB eZ©gvb we‡k¦ M‡o D‡V‡Q evRvi A_©bxwZi igigv `kv| wek
kZ‡Ki ïiæ †_‡K ivR‣bwZK mv¤ªvR¨ev‡`i wbišÍi cZb Ges A_©‣bwZK †kvlYwfwËK
mv¤ªvR¨ev‡`i beZi D‡b¥l gvby‡li gbyl¨Z¡‡K AcÖavb K‡i Zvi Dc‡hvM-ÿgZv‡K †hfv‡e
cÖavb K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Zvi avivevwnKZvq gvbyl n‡q D‡V‡Q AwZgvÎvq †fvMcÖeY| GB †fv‡Mi
iKg‡di _vK‡jI †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖavbZg †fv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ e¨w³i `xN©Kvj †eu‡P _vKvi c_
AbymÜvb| e¨w³ wb‡RB †hLv‡b c‡Y¨i g‡Zv Dc‡hvMgq, †mLv‡b wb‡Ri ¸YMZ gvb e„w×i Rb¨
cÖwZwbqZ cÖ‡qvRb Ggb †Kv‡bv Avwe®‥vi ev Dcv`vb, hv gvby‡li Dc‡hvM-ÿgZv‡K K‡i Zzj‡e
`xN©¯’vqx Ges m¤ú‡`i DcvR©b I †fv‡M †`‡e †ewk ¯’vwq‡Z¡i wbðqZv| e¨emvqx Rv`yKi
†gvnveŸZ Avjx †K․k‡j †e‡Q †bq †mB †fv³vMY‡K hviv Zvi AwZ `yj©f Wzgyi d‡j Avm³ n‡q
hvq| cÖ_‡g Kg `v‡g w`‡jI Pvwn`v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †gvnveŸZ Avjx Wzgy‡ii `vgI evwo‡q †`q
Ges GKmgq Pvwn`v Ac~Y© †i‡LB DavI n‡q hvq| Gw`‡K hv‡`i Avmw³ Pig ¯Í‡i †c․u‡Q hvq
Zviv mÜvb K‡i †gvnveŸZ Avix †hvMvb`v‡ii| mnRjf¨ bv nIqvq †mB †fv³vMY †c․u‡Q hvq
†gvnveŸZ Avjxi cÖ‡nwjKvgq cÖvmv‡`, †mLv‡b eû`‡ii wewbg‡qI hLb Zviv †gvnveŸZ Avjxi
KvQ †_‡K †hvMvb †c‡Z e¨_© nq ZLb GK cÖKvi wRNvsmv †R‡M I‡V Zv‡`i g‡b,†Nv‡ii g‡a¨
Lyb K‡i †d‡j GKgvÎ †hvMvb`vi‡K| Pvwn`v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvwn`vc~i‡Yi Rb¨ gwiqv n‡q
IVv GBme cY¨evRv‡ii AÜ †fv³v nvwi‡q †d‡j gbyl¨‡Z¡i †kl mxgv‡iLv| cv‡c wbgw¾Z nq
Zviv mnR¯^fv‡e| cv‡ci RM‡Z wjß n‡q wb‡R‡`i mvgvwRK Aw¯ÍZ¡ nvivq| evwYR¨evRv‡ii
GB µgk Agvbyl n‡q IVvi ev gbyl¨c`evP¨ n‡q _vKvi we‡kl †hvM¨Zv nviv‡bvi AvL¨vb-B
knx`yj Rwni eY©bv Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbylÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi GB M‡í|

iv¯Ívi cv‡k Rv`y cÖ`k©biZ Ae¯’vq ÔRv`ywMiÕ †gvnveŸZ Avjxi Abycy•L eY©bv w`‡q knx`yj
Rwni ÔWzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbylÕ M‡íi cU D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb| GB D‡b¥vPb-cÖ‡Póvq wPÎK‡ii Dcw¯’wZ

58
jÿYxq: ÒZvi gy‡L GKwU inm¨gq nvwm Sz‡j wQj| Zvi cvZjy‡bi Wvb cv‡qi cÖvšÍwU mvB‡Kj
wK¬c w`‡q AvuUv, cv‡q mv`v K¨vw¤^‡mi Ry‡Zv, mv`v dzj nvZv kv‡U©i cÖvšÍ a~mi i‡Oi c¨v‡›Ui
†fZi ¸u‡R †`qv, gv_vq GKwU RxY© Ges †Zveov‡bv Kvc‡oi n¨vU; †m hLb GKUz bvUz‡K †cvR
wb‡q gv_v DuPz K‡i, †`nUv wcQb w`‡K mvgvb¨ evuKv K‡i `vuovq, ZLb Zvi gy‡L †mB A¯úó
nvwmwU †`Lv hvq|Ó26 GB A½ m¾vi eY©bvi cvkvcvwk †jLK Zvi A½fw½I we¯ÍvwiZ `„wó‡hv‡M
Zz‡j a‡ib| Rv`yK‡ii AvPi‡Y Zvi Pvicv‡k `vuov‡bv †K․Z~njx `k©‡Ki evwn¨K cÖwZwµqvi
m‡½ m‡½ gvbwmK cÖwZwµqvi •ewPΨgq e¨vL¨v`v‡bI m‡Pó _v‡Kb †jLK memgq: ÒGBUv wK?
†m wR‡Ám K‡i... Zvi gy‡Li nvjKv nvwm Ges †Pv‡Li Mfxi Av‡jvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Dcw¯’Z
†jv‡Kiv Pzc K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡`i I‡ô GKB iK‡gi GKUz nvjKv nvwm ùzwiZ nq, Zv‡`i m¤¢eZ
GiKg g‡b nq †h, GB cÖkœwUi wcQ‡b nq‡Zv Mfxi †Kv‡bv GKwU cÖkœ Av‡Q, hvi DËi Zviv
Rv‡b bv, A_ev GB cÖkœUv n‡”Q GKUv dvuwK Ges GB dvuwK‡Z Zviv GK eq¯‥ †jvK n‡q aiv
w`‡Z cv‡i bv; Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, GKwU RjR¨všÍ nvo w`‡bi ¯úó Av‡jvq Zz‡j a‡i GUv wK
ej‡j e¨vcviUv inm¨gq n‡q hvq|Ó27

GB inm¨gqZv †i‡LB MíKvi †gvnveŸZ Avjxi Rv`yÿgZv †`Lvb, GKwU nvo‡K †m cybR©b¥
†`q bvixi iƒc w`‡q Ges Zv‡K wb‡Ri ¯¿x e‡j cwiPq †`q| GB A™¢yZ ÿgZv Dcw¯’Z RbZvi
g‡b †K․Z~nj •Zwi K‡i, AZtci †gvnveŸZ Avjx Zvi wewµ‡hvM¨ cY¨ `yj©f ÔRMWzgyiÕ m¤ú‡K©
weÁvcbm~PK e³e¨ †`q, weÁvc‡b †m GUvI D‡jøL K‡i †h, ïay Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ Pvj-Wvj
†Kbvi j‡ÿ¨B †m GB wb‡Ri evMv‡b Pvl Kiv `yj©f RMWzgyi wewµ Ki‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ_gevi
†m cuwPkRb‡K webvg~‡j¨ LvIqv‡bvi †NvlYv †`q, Zb¥‡a¨ A‡b‡KB Ab¨vb¨ dj †L‡Z PvB‡j †m
Rvbvq †m Zv‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z Aÿg| KviY †m ïay Zvi evMv‡bi Wzgyi djB †hvMv‡Z
cv‡i; d‡j GKRb Lvq Zvi RMWzgyi| †mB GKRb‡K †m LvB‡q Zvi ¯^v` m¤ú‡K© cÖgvY MÖnY
K‡i Ges †m e¨w³ AviI †L‡Z PvB‡j Zvi Kv‡Q QqwU Wzgyi `yB UvKvq wewµ K‡i| †jvKwU
Wzgyi †Kbvi ci Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e Dcw¯’Z RbZvi g‡a¨ AviI GMv‡iv Rb‡K AvKl©Y K‡i|
cyi‡bv XvKvi I kn‡ii evB‡ii wewfbœ A‡ji GB GMv‡iv Rb †jvKB nq Zvi cÖ_g †µZv|
cieZ©xKv‡j AviI `y-GKw`b GB RvqMvq ev Zvi cvk¦©eZ©x †Kv‡bv RvqMvq Rv`y †`Lv‡bvi mgq
GB †µZvMY cybivq Zvi KvQ †_‡K Wzgyi µq K‡i Ges Zv‡`i Pvwn`v e„w×i mv‡_ Wzgy‡ii
`vgI e„w× cvq| GKch©v‡q QqwU Wzgy‡ii `vg †e‡o hLb †P․lwÆ UvKvq I‡V ZLb †mB

59
†µZv‡`i A‡b‡Ki mv‡a¨i mxgv AwZµg K‡i; wKš‘ Zv‡`i †fvMe„wˇZ Wzgy‡ii Pvwn`v i‡q
hvq| Kvh©Z, †fv³vgn‡j Am‡šÍvl e„w× cvq|

M‡íi Gch©šÍ eq‡b knx`yj Rwni †h ¯úóZB A_©bxwZi mvaviY †K․kj e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv
mn‡R cwii`„ó| wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M †hLv‡b e¨emvwqK wewb‡qvM, †fv‡Mi beZi Avwe®‥vi-mÜv‡b
me©`v Zrci Ges gvby‡li †fvM„wˇK bvbvfv‡e RvwM‡q Zz‡j †mB †fv‡MB e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖKvk
wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv Kiv n‡”Q, †mLv‡b †gvnveŸZ Avjxi Gg‡Zv Rxebxmyav mn‡RB †h
A_©‣bwZKfv‡e m”Qj-Am”Qj mKj †kÖwY‡K AvKl©Y Ki‡e Zv mnR Aby‡gq|28Zrm‡½ GwPÎI
cÖvmw½K †h, Pvwn`vi wecix‡Z †hvMv‡bi AcÖZzjZv GKcÖKvi Am‡šÍvl •Zwi Ki‡e †µZv-
†fv³vgn‡j| wKš‘ †hmKj †µZv Povg~‡j¨i wewbg‡q `ªe¨ †c‡Z †P‡qI cvb bv Zviv †h †Kv‡bv
Dcv‡q Zv nvwmj Ki‡Z Pvb| cÖ‡qvRb †f` K‡i †mB `ª‡e¨i cÖwZ Zv‡`i †gvn •Zwi nq|
†gvnMÖ¯Í n‡qB, cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri •bwZKZv wemR©b w`‡q n‡jI Zviv Zv AR©‡bi †Póv K‡i
m‡e©v”Pfv‡e| knx`yj Rwni †klch©šÍ GB M‡í †mB †gvnv܇`i K_v I cwiYwZ †`Lv‡Z m‡Pó
n‡q‡Qb|

†mB m~‡Î GB M‡í †`Lv hvq, IBme †µZv‡`i g‡a¨ cvuPRb †jvK Zv‡`i mva¨ _vKvq cybivq
Wzgyi wKb‡Z Pvq Ges †gvnveŸZ Avjx bvKP Ki‡j Zviv GKwU Av¯Í Wzgyi MvQ †Kbvi cÖ¯Íve
K‡i, ZrcÖ‡qvR‡b Zviv nvRvi UvKv e¨q Ki‡ZI ivwR e‡j Rvbvq| wKš‘ †gvnveŸZ Avjx
Zv‡`i Av‡e`b LvwiR K‡i †`q| djZ Zviv µz× nq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b †gvnveŸZ Avjxi evmvq
wM‡q Wzgyi MvQ wb‡q Avmvi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| Zvici ÒGK kwbevi mKv‡j Zviv k¨vgevRvi
cvi n‡q `wÿY w`‡K ZvKv‡ZB GK myD”P cÖvmv` †`L‡Z cvq; Zviv †`‡L †h, G‡Kev‡i b`xi
av‡i, g‡b nq †hb b`xi Dc‡iB, †mvbvwj i‡Oi M¤^yRIqvjv GK AwZKvq AÆvwjKv AvKv‡ki
†fZi D‡V †M‡Q|Ó29 e¯‘Z †gvnMÖ¯Í n‡qB Zviv †gvnveŸZ Avjxi cÖvmv‡` cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges
†gvnveŸZ Avjx Zv‡`i evav †`evi †Póv Ki‡jI Zviv Zv gv‡b bv; d‡j kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡iB
Zviv †mLv‡b WzgyiMvQ AbymÜvb K‡i| Zviv GB mZ¨I Avwe®‥vi K‡i †h, e„nr cÖvmv‡` Rv`yKi
†gvnveŸZ Avjxi mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e wbZvšÍB Zvi ¯¿x _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI meB Rv`yi †Ljv gvÎ;
`ywU nvo Ges †gvnveŸZ Avjx †mB cÖvmv‡`i GKvgvÎ evwm›`v| GgZve¯’vq †gvnveŸZ Avjx
Zv‡`i AbymÜv‡b evav w`‡j Zviv Zvi Ici PovI nq Ges ÒZLb †mB N‡ii †fZ‡ii Av‡av-
AÜKvi inm¨gq cwi‡e‡k cvuPRb AcwiYvg`k©x Wzgyi‡L‡Kvi †PZbvq IjU-cvjU N‡U hvq...

60
Zviv †jvnvi WvÛvi wbg©g AvNv‡Z Rv`yK‡ii g¯ÍK K‡ivwU P~Y© K‡i KvUvwi Ges ek©vi Nv‡q †`n
†_‡K Zv wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡j|Ó30

cy‡iv M‡íi g‡Zv GB As‡kI jÿ¨Yxq Rwn‡ii Bw½Zevnx k‡ãi e¨envi| cvwicvwk¦©KZvi
Ôinm¨gqZvÕi m‡½ PwiÎmg~‡ni Ô†PZbvÕi ÔIjU-cvjUÕ GKwU †h․w³K mwbœ‡ekb NwU‡q‡Q hv
M‡íi cwiYwZ‡K weågm¤¢e K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| w`‡knviv GBme †gvnvÜ †fv³v wb‡R‡`i
Pvwn`vc~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ Avcbvcb gbyl¨‡PZb‡K AebwgZ K‡i‡Q Ggb GKwU ¯Í‡i, †hLv‡b bvgvi
ci Avi gbyl¨c`ev‡P¨ wPwýZ nIqvi AwaKvi Kv‡iv _v‡Kbv| d‡j M‡íi †k‡l †jLK GBmKj
ÔcvcxÕi Avi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Lyu‡R cvb bv| d‡j IB NUbvi ci hLb ÒZviv mw¤^r wd‡i cvq ... ZLb
Zviv wcQ‡b wd‡i †Kv‡bv †mvbvwj M¤^yRIqvjv AÆvwjKvi wPý †`L‡Z cvq bv †Kv‡bv gvV wKsev
wms`iRvI †`‡L bv, Zviv eywoM½v b`xi Zx‡i cvwbi wKbvivq GK KvV †PivB‡qi KviLvbvi
cv‡k wb‡R‡`i Avwe®‥vi K‡i; Zviv cÖ_‡g fv‡e †h, GZÿY hv wKQz N‡U‡Q Zv ¯^cœ wQj, wKš‘
ZLb Zviv wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z †jvnvi iW I LÄi Ges wb‡R‡`i Mv‡qi Rvgv i³ iwÄZ †`L‡Z
cvq|Ó31 †gvnvÜZvi Av”QbœZv Zv‡`i‡K †hfv‡e Agvbyl K‡i †Zv‡j Zv‡Z Zv‡`i †Kvgj
cÖv‡Yi Aejywß N‡U Ges Kvh©Z Zv‡`i gbyl¨Z¡‡evak~b¨ n‡q hvq| †jLK GB k~b¨ n‡q hvIqv‡K
`„k¨Z Kvh©Ki †`Lv‡Z Pvb| djZ M‡í Av‡m Rv`ygq cwimgvwß| ZvB M‡íi †k‡l IB
cvcx‡`i KvD‡K Avi evwn¨Kfv‡e cvIqv hvq bv, Lyb K‡i wd‡i G‡m Ò†mB kwbev‡ii
`ycyi‡ejvq i³Pÿz Ges Kw¤úZ †`‡n c„w_ex‡K wcQ‡b †i‡L Zviv Zv‡`i M„‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i
weQvbvq wM‡q †kvq Ges cÖej Zvc I kvixwiK we‡ÿ‡ci Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i M„‡ni †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i
†`n Pv`‡i †X‡K †`q| Zvici KZ wgwbU KZ N›Uv ci Zv Zv‡`i M„‡ni †jv‡Kiv ej‡Z cv‡i
bv, Z‡e GKmgq N‡i Xz‡K Zviv weQvbvi w`‡K jÿ K‡i Ges Pv`‡ii wb‡P †Kv‡bv gvby‡li
Aeqe †`‡L bv| Zviv Gmgq fv‡e †h, †jvKwU †eva nq ev_iæ‡g †M‡Q, wKš‘ ev_iæ‡g Zv‡K
Lyu‡R cvq bv; Ges ZLb, mviv evwoi †Kv_vI GB †jvKwU‡K, †h †jvKwU wKQzw`b nq RMWzgyi
LvIqvi Af¨vm M‡o Zz‡jwQj, Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|Ó cwie‡Z© ÒcvuPwU evwo‡Z evwoi †jv‡Kiv
weQvbvi Ici a~mi e‡Y©i GKLÐ nvo c‡o _vK‡Z †`‡L|Ó32 Rv`yK‡ii nv‡oi wbwnZv_© cÖKv‡k
M‡íi †k‡l MíKvi †hfv‡e †mB nv‡oi ev nvomg~‡ni BwZe„Ë eY©bv K‡ib Zv‡Z M‡í M‡o I‡V
GK iƒcK_vi Kvqv, †mB iƒcK_v eZ©gvb †ewbqv mf¨Zvi †fvMcÖe„wËi, gbyl¨‡Z¡i †KvgjZv
nvwi‡q ïay wbtmvo-nvo n‡q hvevi mgKvjxb e„ËvšÍ|

61
GB mgq

evjK †gvnv¤§` †mwjg I weaev hyeZx wkix‡bi AZ…ß †cÖ‡gi AvL¨vb ÔGB mgqÕ MíwU| g~jZ
cÖY‡qvcvL¨vb n‡jI †jL‡Ki `„wó cÖm„Z GKwU KvjL‡Ði Dci| †Kv‡bvcÖKvi we‡køl‡Y bv wM‡q
knx`yj Rwni gyw³hy× cieZ©x mgikvm‡bi (e½eÜzi g„Zz¨cieZ©xKv‡j) KvjL‡Ð D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ
Kxfv‡e `ywU †KvgjcÖv‡Y ü`qe„wË RvwM‡q †Zv‡j Ges IB cwiw¯’wZ-m„ó kw³ai e¨w³e‡M©i
APwiZv_© wjávi Ke‡j c‡o †gvn¤§` †mwj‡gi wbg©g g„Zz¨ (nZ¨vKvÐ) N‡U Zv wb‡qB †jLK
MíwUi AvL¨vbe„Ë mvwR‡q‡Qb33|

M‡íi †K‡›`ª †gvnv¤§` †mwjg I wkixb‡K †i‡L knx`yj Rwni mgv‡Ri †eovRvj A¼b
K‡i‡Qb| cÖfve-cÖwZcwËnxb I kw³i wePv‡i mevB Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `ye©j I mnvqk~b¨ `ywU cÖvwY
†gvnv¤§` †mwjg I wkix‡bi Dci wb‡R‡`i cÖZvc cÖ‡qv‡M ¯^v_©-D×v‡i m‡Pó n‡q‡Q| GKwU
we‡kl ¶gZvKvVv‡gvi AšÍM©Z GK‡kÖwYi e¨w³ wb‡R‡`i g‡bi AÜKvi †KvU‡i jywK‡q _vKv
Awfjvl PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ †hfv‡e Zv‡`i †P‡q Kg kw³ai e¨w³we‡kl‡K j¶¨ K‡i
Kg©cwiPvjbv K‡i ÔGB mgqÕ MíwU †mB †Mvôxi ev mÂvjKe„‡›`i †jvjycZvi AvL¨vbiƒc|

¶gZvai e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb I cvi¯úwiK kw³-wePv‡i KLbI mg‡SvZvq G‡m Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e

kw³‡kª‡ôi Kv‡Q nvi gv‡b| ZLb wb‡Riv GKZve× n‡q wb‡R‡`i †Mvôxi †kªôZ‡gi
¯^v‡_©v×v‡i †mv”Pvi nq Ges †h K‡iB †nvK †mB j¶¨ AR©‡b mvdj¨ jvf K‡i| G Mí †mB
mdjZvi AvL¨vb| wKš‘ Zv‡`i mdjZv Ab¨ c‡¶i e¨_©Zv wb‡q Av‡m| wb‡q Av‡m KiæY
cwiYwZ| Zv‡`i Kg©cÖwµqv A‡b¨i wbqwZ M‡o †`q| †m wbqwZ UªvwRK; ¯^v_©wjávi Aïf kw³
Øviv wbqwš¿Z|

GK AbvKvw•ÿZ `yN©Ubvq R‡b¥i m‡½ m‡½ wcZv eveyj Ges gvZv nv‡Riv‡K nvwi‡q GKv †eu‡P
hvIqv `yf©vM¨m½x evjK †gvnv¤§` †mwjg| Avg„Zz¨ `yf©vM¨‡K m½x K‡i †e‡o IVv evjK hLb
wb‡Ri wcZvgvZvi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z dz‡ji evMvb M‡o †Zv‡j, ZLb †mB cy‡ji †iYyNwUZ Kv‡Ð
gnjøvq nvuwPi Dc`ªe N‡U| †jLK †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ggb GKwU cÖwZ‡ek, †hLv‡b my›`i‡K
cÖwZnZ Kivi kw³¸‡jv me©`v wµqvkxj †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv my›`i wKš‘ AbvKvw•ÿZ NUbv‡K
wb‡R‡`i Amy‡Li DcmM© wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| Ggb mg‡qi eY©bv w`‡Z †jLK GB M‡í Ggb
wKQz PwiÎ M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb, hviv IB mg‡qi ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv Øviv myweavjä Ges ÿgZv

62
cÖ‡qv‡Mi kw³‡Z cwicyó| GB Pwiθ‡jv ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡jI
¯^v_©wmw×i e¨vcv‡i me©`v GK‡RvU| Pwiθ‡jv h_vµ‡g, ¯’vbxq gv¯Ívb wZbfvB Avey-nvey-kwd,
kixqZ cvwU©i †bZv gvIjvbv Avãyj ReŸvi, cÂg cÖwZ‡iva evwnbxi †gRi Bwjqvm, Bqvwmb
e¨vcvwii weaev ¯¿x gv‡jKv evby| †jLK GB M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎØq †mwjg I wkixb‡K GB
ÿgZvRv‡ji †eove× Ae¯’v‡b ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|

cÖ_gZ nvuwPi NUbvq GBme weiæ×kw³i †Kvcvb‡j c‡o evjK †gvnv¤§` †mwjg Ges wØZxqZ
weaev wkixb ev‡ci evwo wd‡i G‡j Zvi iƒcgvay‡h©i Rv‡j AvUKv c‡o mKj weiæ× kw³|
BwZ-†bwZi `yB cÖvšÍ wn‡m‡e mL¨ M‡o I‡V weaev wkixb Ges evjK †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi|
cÖY‡qi Zzjbvq †¯œnwm³Zv †ewk `„k¨gvb n‡jI †klch©šÍ wkixi-†mwj‡gi m¤úK© cÖY‡qi| dzj-
cvwL-iO w`‡q †h m¤ú‡K©i ïiæ D`¨Z †Vvu‡Ui ¯ú‡k© Zvi c~Y©Zv:

GB wK‡kvi-hye‡Ki ¤øvb gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q wkixb AvKZvi D‡ØwjZ nq, †m e‡j, Zzwg
Avnbv K¨vjv?
dzj dz‡U bvB, †gvnv¤§` †mwjg e‡j, dzj Avbv cvwiwbKv|
dzj dz‡U bvB, dz‡U bvB! Zzwg Avnbv K¨vjv?wfZ‡i Av‡nv !
wkixb AvKZvi Zvi Wvb nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡i evj‡Ki Kvua AvKl©Y K‡i Zv‡K N‡ii †fZ‡i
wb‡q Av‡m| WªBsiæ‡g Kv‡c©‡Ui Ici Zviv hLb G‡m `vuovq, †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi w¤ªqgvY gy‡Li
w`‡K ZvwK‡q... wkixb AvKZv‡ii ü`q weMwjZ nq; ZLb evBk eQ‡ii GB Awb›`¨hyeZx
†gvnv¤§` †mwjg‡K Avwj½b K‡i, Nv‡oi †cQ‡b nvZ w`‡q †U‡b bvwg‡q Zvi ïK‡bv ev`vwg
†Vvu‡U Pz¤^b K‡i|34

`yR‡bi GB my›`i cwiYwZ MZ kZ‡Ki Avwki `k‡Ki ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvq †egvbvb Ges
ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi Kv‡Q Aw¯ÍZ¡webvkx ûgwK¯^iƒc| djZ, cybivq Zv‡`i A¯^w¯Í-Drcv`K †gvnv¤§`
†mwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv Qvov Dcvq _v‡K bv| mKj‡K kw³‡Z civwRZ K‡i Avey †nv‡mb wkixb
AvKZvi‡K †Rvic~e©K weevn K‡i| †jLK Amvgvb¨ `ÿZvq †mB weevn m¤úbœ nevi wewPÎ GK
wPÎ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ñ
we‡qi †`vqv covi ci KvwR mv‡ne hLb wkixb AvKZv‡ii mvg‡b e‡m e‡j †h, BgviZ
†nv‡m‡bi cyÎ Avey †nv‡m‡bi m‡½ †m Zvi we‡qi cÖ¯Íve Keyj K‡i wK bv, ZLb †mLv‡b Dcw¯’
mK‡j ¯úó Ges DuPz K‡i D”PvwiZ wkixb AvKZv‡ii ÔbvÕ ïb‡Z cvq| wZbevi wkixb

63
 AvKZvi ÔbvÕ e‡j Ges wZbeviB N‡ii †jv‡Kiv e‡j I‡V, Keyj Ki‡Q Ges Zvici e‡j,
weqv nqv †Mj, ALb Avgiv hvB|35
AZtci †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi cwiYwZ †b‡g Av‡m bvUKxq AvKw¯§KZvq, AZ¨šÍ iƒpwP‡Îi eY©bvi
g‡Zv knx`yj Rwni eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †mB NUbv:

ciw`b †fv‡i dR‡ii bvgvR covi Rb¨ gmwR‡` hvIqvi mgq gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv wkixb
AvKZvi‡`i evwoi mvg‡b jvBU‡cv‡÷i m‡½ †fv‡ii cÖKvk¨ Av‡jvi †fZi, wkixb
AvKZv‡ii †cÖwgK Ges MÖvRy‡qU nvB ¯‥z‡ji `kg †kÖYxi QvÎ †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi g„Z‡`n Sz‡j
_vK‡Z †`‡L|36

ZrKvjxb ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi fq †`wL‡q Rq Kivi e¯‘mZ¨wU †jLK GB g„Zz¨-Ae¨ewnZ c‡ii

eY©bvq my¯úóiƒ‡c Zz‡j a‡ib| Z`šÍKvix cywjk G‡m GB nZ¨vi cÖavb m‡›`nfvRb IB wZb
fvB‡qi m¤ú‡K© hLb wRÁvmvev` K‡i ZLb MY¨gvb¨ mK‡jB e‡j †h Ñ ÒwZb fvB fv‡jv
†Q‡j|... Zvici †m jvk‡K wN‡i R‡ov nIqv gnjøvi †jvK‡`i wR‡Ám K‡i Zv‡`i wKQz ejevi
Av‡Q wK bv; ZLb `v‡ivMvi K_v ï‡b gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv c¨v‡›Ui c‡K‡U nvZ ¸u‡R `vuwo‡q _vKv
wZb fvB Ges MY¨gvb¨ †jv‡Ki w`‡K ZvKvq, Zviv wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i bv| `v‡ivMv bxi‡e
A‡cÿgvY †jvK‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q †j‡L †h, Kv‡iv Awf‡hvM bvB|Ó37

e¯‘Z Amy›`‡ii cÖwZ‡e‡k my›`‡ii wejxb n‡q hvIqvi GK Aeÿ‡qi Mí ÔGB mgqÕ| MíwUi
†gvnv¤§` †mwjg I wkixb †mB wbqwZ-wbqwš¿Z ZrKvjxb mg‡qi UªvwRK PwiÎ| ÔGB mgqÕ MíwU
g~jZ AvaywbK Rxe‡b `ywU AZ…ß cÖv‡Yi Uªv‡RwW-AvL¨vb|

KuvUv

GKwU gnjøvi ‡h․_ Rxe‡b ¯’vb K‡i †bqv †Kv‡bv ü`qwe`viK NUbv hLb ¯’vqx n‡q I‡V, ZLb
†mB ¯§„wZ Zv‡`i g‡bvZ‡j we‡a _v‡K KuvUvi g‡ZvB| ÔKuvUvÕ f~‡Zi Mwji gnjøvevmxi †mB
g‡bvRvMwZK KuvUvi AvL¨vb|

knx`yj Rwni G M‡í g~jZ gnjøvi †h․_gvb‡mi mRvM Abyf~wZi wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb ; GKwU
Am‡PZbZvm„ó fyj †_‡K cÖvß AwfÁZv †h †h․_gvbm fyj‡Z cv‡i bv †Kv‡bvg‡Z| hv Zv‡`i
g‡b `xN©Kvje¨vcx Rvqgvb _v‡K- ÔKuvUvÕ †mB ¯§„wZi AwfÁZv I fyj †kvaiv‡bvi cÖ‡Póvi Mí|
64
M‡íi g~j e³e¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`qKvjxb ag©cÖm~Z RvwZ‡Øl, DMÖ gymwjg RvZxqZvev‡`i
myi¶vq wn›`y-wbab, e½eÜz nZ¨v-cieZ©xKvjxb cÖvq `y `kKe¨vcx beiƒ‡c gymwjg
RvZxqZvev‡`i PP©vq cybivq wn›`y we‡Ø‡li RvMiY‡K †K›`ª K‡i †jLK M‡íi AvL¨vb
mvwR‡q‡Qb|382000 mv‡j fvi‡Zi evewi gmwR` Avµg‡Yi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg
†PZbvq cybR©vMÖZ ag©xq Db¥ËZvi m~‡Î cybivq wn›`ym¤cÖ`v‡qi Ici wbcxob cwiPvjbv ch©šÍ
cÖjw¤^Z K‡i‡Qb|

KvjMZcv_©K¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I wel‡qi AwfbœZv wePvi K‡i †jLK cÖZxKx PwiÎ wn‡m‡e wn›`y
m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e GKB PwiÎ my‡evaP›`ª ¯^`ªv I civb‡K M‡íi †K‡›`ª AwawôZ
K‡i‡Qb| g~jZ †jLK evsjv‡`‡ki Rbgvb‡m ¯^vaxbZvKvjxb RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai wecixZ
cðvrc` ag©xq Db¥ËZvRvZ gymwjg RvZxqZv‡PZbvi wbwi‡L me©`v †R‡M IVv wn›`y -m¤cÖ`v‡qi
AmnvqZ¡‡K M‡íi †K›`ªxq e³e¨ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb|

Db¥ËZv I Am‡PZbZvi hyMcr Aew¯’wZ IB gnjøvi gvbyl¸‡jv‡K GKwU AwfbœcÖebZvwewkó

mg‡qi †eó‡b AvK‡U iv‡L| djZ Zviv GKwU mg‡qi weåvwšÍ‡Z wbcwZZ nq| AZxZ †nvK,
eZ©gvb †nvK wKsev fwel¨ †h Kv‡jB †nvK bv †Kb| K‡g©i I †ev‡ai AcwiewZ©Z iƒ‡ci Kv‡Q
Zv‡`i cwiewZ©Z Kv‡ji iƒcwU A¯úó †_‡K hvq| wKš‘ Zviv GKBm‡½ KLbI fyj‡Z cv‡i bv
†h, Zv‡`i Am‡PZbZvi Kvi‡YB cÖ_g NUbvwU N‡UwQj ; g„Zz¨ n‡qwQj my‡eva P›`ª ¯^`ªv I
civ‡bi| djZ Zviv cieZ©xKv‡j m‡PZb n‡q DV‡Z Pvq wKš‘ mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Yi
¶gZv Zv‡`i AvIZv-ewn©f~Z| djZ evisevi †L` _vKv m‡Ë¡I GKB NUbv NU‡Z _v‡K Ges
ag©xq Db¥ËZvi _vKvq ewji wkKvi nq my‡evaP›`ª, ¯^cœv I civb bvgK wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi
cÖwZwbwaMb|

nq‡Zv me©`vB my‡evaP›`ª ¯^cœv †mB NUbv wkKvi nq bv wKš‘ cwiYwZ †Zv Awfbœ| ZvB Ab¨ †KD
(wn›`y m¤cÖ`vqfy³) IB cwiYwZ jvf Ki‡jI Zviv GKB cwiP‡q wewkó n‡q I‡V| d‡j Zviv
Zv‡`i g‡b evisevi ¯^cœv-my‡evaP›`ª I civb‡KB cÖwZ¯’vwcZ K‡i Ges AZxZ †_‡K cÖvß
AwfÁZv eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi NUbvewj‡KI A½xK…Z K‡i †d‡j| djZ NUbvi cyiive„wË n‡j
Zv‡`i g‡b IB AZx‡ZiI cybive„wË N‡U Ges Zv‡`i ¯§„wZmËvq iw¶Z ¯§„wZ AwfbœZvekZ
weåvwšÍi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nq:

65
 fRnwi mvnv w÷ªU ev f~‡Zi Mwji †jv‡Kiv GiKg m‡›`n K‡i †h, Zviv mg‡qi GKwU
Pµve‡Z©i †fZi AvUKv c‡o †M‡Q| (NUbvi cybive„wˇZ) Zviv †`L‡Z cvq †h, Zv‡`i
Rxe‡b mg‡qi KvVv‡gvwU †f‡O c‡o‡Q, eZ©gvb AZx‡Zi †fZi cÖweó n‡q †M‡Q A_ev AZxZ
eZ©gv‡bi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q|39

¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©xKv‡ji evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy×Kvjxb †e`bvi evisevi cybive„wËi GKwU †Mvôxi

gvbweK Abyf~wZmg~n‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i Ges †mB evav Driv‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv AvZ¥RvMwZK m¼‡U
wbcwZZ nq| g‡bvRM‡Zi ؇›Øi m„wó K‡i| ÔKuvUvÕ GB g‡bvRvMwZK weåg I †e`bvwm³ mRvM
¯§„wZmg~‡ni ü`q¯úk©x AvL¨vb|

ÔKuvUvÕ M‡íi Ave`yj AvwRR e¨vcvwii evwoi Kzqvq c‡o my‡eva-¯^cœvi g„Zz¨cÖm‡½i cybive„wË
GKwU iƒc‡Ki m„wó K‡i| †hLv‡b Ave`yj AvwRR e¨vcvwii evwowU‡K ejv hvq GB evsjv‡`‡ki
iƒcK Ges †`kwU msL¨vMwiôZvm~‡Î gymwjg Ave`yj AvwR‡Ri gvwjKvbvaxb AbšÍi m¤cÖxwZi
e܇b Ave× _vK‡jI †mB `y‡qi g‡a¨ Kzqvi Aew¯’wZ eZ©gvb _v‡K memgq| †Kbbv m¤cÖxwZi
eÜb _vKv m‡Ë¡I wekkZ‡Ki Z…Zxq `kK †_‡K G‡`‡k wn›`y-gymwjg `v½vi NUbv N‡U Avm‡Q;
hvi wfwˇZ †`kwefvM nIqvi ci †evawU cÖejZi n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki (GB e‡½i)
Rbgvb‡m †mwU cÖej bq- Av‡bKUvB wb‡¯ÍR| wKš‘ gv‡S g‡a¨B †mB wb‡¯ÍRfve †K‡U hvq ;
B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv ci¯úi‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Ges wn›`yag©x my‡eva I ¯^cœvMY †mB
AÜKvi K~‡c wbcwZZ n‡q cÖvY nvivq|

Avgv‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvm

ÔAvgv‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvmÕ MíwU knx`yj Rwn‡ii Kg©m‡PZbvZ¥K Ab¨Zg †kªô cÖgvY|
wb‡Ri wkím„Rb I Zvi cÖKv‡ki e¨vcv‡i †jL‡Ki ALÐ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wkíiƒc Avgv‡`i KzwUi
wk‡íi BwZnvm|

MíwUi bvgKi‡Yi g‡a¨B Gi AvL¨vbiƒc g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q: Zv n‡jv Ñ Ô`w¶Y •gïw›`i
wkívq‡bi BwZnvmÕ| MíwUi eqb‡K․kj cÖvqk g~jcÖm‡½i g‡bv‡hvwMZv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡jI
†jLK evisevi Zvi cÖm‡½ cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ñ Kxfv‡e Kv‡ji
66
engvbZvq h‡š¿i AvMg‡b `w¶Y •gïw›` wkívq‡bi Ke‡j c‡o Kv‡ji cwieZ©bkxjZvq
wkícÖavb gnjøvq cwiYZ nq Ges †m µgcwiYwZ Kxfv‡e fwel¨‡Zi Af¨šÍivwfgyLx hvÎvq
Pjgvb| wKš‘ †jLK ej‡Z Pvb BwZnvm, d‡j wZwb cÖvqkB mg‡qi e„Ë †f‡O AZx‡Zi cÖm‡½
P‡j hvb Ges eZ©gv‡bi m‡½ cybivq hy³ n‡q gnjøvi wkívq‡bi c~e©vci Míe„Ë c~Y© K‡ib:

Avgv‡`i gnjøv, `wÿY •gïw›`i wkívq‡bi BwZnvm Avgv‡`i g‡b c‡o; gnjøvq Mig co‡Z
ïiæ Ki‡j •PÎ, •ekvL A_ev •R¨ô gv‡m ZigyRIqvjviv ZigyR wb‡q Av‡m Ges Avgiv
ZigyR †L‡Z ïiæ Kwi, Avgiv ZLb ZigyR m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nB;40

ZigyR m¤ú‡K© gnjøvi gvby‡li GB m‡PZbZvB GKw`b Zv‡`i‡K, we‡klZ nvwR Ave`yi
iwk`‡K bZzbfv‡e fvwe‡q †Zv‡j Ges g„Zz¨kh¨vq ZigyR †P‡q bv †c‡q †m mviveQi ZigyR
gRy‡`i Dcvq wn‡m‡e †Q‡j‡K civgk© w`‡q hvq dzW d¨v±wi •Zwi Ki‡Z| ÒAvgiv GB
†Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK nvwR Avãyi iwk‡`i eo †Q‡j nvwR iBmywχbi gy‡L Zvi wcZvi wb‡`©‡ki
K_v ïwb Ges Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, g„Zz¨kh¨v‡ZI nvwR Avãyi iwk‡`i wPšÍv Ki‡Z cvivi
ÿgZv cwi®‥vi wQj, cvuPevi ZigyR †L‡Z PvIqvi ciI hLb ZigyR cvIqv hvq bv, ZLb wZwb
m¼‡Ui MfxiZv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges eo †Q‡j iBmywÏb‡K e‡jb, GKUv Zigy‡Ri
d¨v±wi emvI, Zvici wZwb gviv hvb;Ó41 d‡j `wÿY •gïw›` GjvKvq ZigyR‡K †K›`ª K‡i
cÖ_g Lvevi wk‡íi cÖwZôvb ÔnvwR dzW cÖWv± †Kv¤úvwbÕ cÖwZwôZ nq| djZ, MÖx®§Kvj G‡jB
ZigyR †`L‡j gnjøvi gvbyl‡`i wb‡R‡`i KzwUi wN‡i M‡o IVv wkívq‡bi BwZnvm g‡b c‡o|
ïay Zigy‡R bq, cÖvq wkívqb cÖvmw½K mKj BwZnvmB Zv‡`i ¯§„wZ we¯§„wZi AZj †_‡K †f‡m
Av‡m KviLvbvi k‡ã, †j` †gwk‡bi AvIqv‡Ri gva¨‡g|

Kv‡ji engvbZv GKwU Awbqwš¿ZÔkw³Õ wn‡m‡e G-M‡í Kvh©Ki| GKwU mg‡q ïiæ nIqv
†Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM wbqZ cwic~Y©Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q P‡j| Avi c~Y©Zvi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó iƒc †bB e‡jB
Zv wbZ¨ fwel¨‡Zi c~Y©Zvi w`‡K avegvb| GB mZ¨g~jxf~Z e‡jB G M‡íi AvL¨vb †Kv‡bv c~Y©
hwZi g‡a¨ Ave× K‡ibwb knx`yj Rwni ; Ges Awbt†kl MšÍ‡e¨i A‡š^l‡Y fwel¨‡Zi M‡f©
cÖevwnZ K‡i‡Qb M‡íi AvL¨vb‡K, Gw`K †_‡K MíwU GKwU gy³gyLx Mí| GB Awfbe
†Lvjvgy‡Li MíKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Y knx`yj Rwni cÖZ¨qx Ges m‡PZb| d‡j Av‡jvP¨ MíMÖ‡š’ MíwU
Qvcv n‡jI Zv †klch©šÍ c~Y©-hwZ‡Z †_‡g‡Q| †jLK Gi MwZwK AvUKv‡Z bvivR; djZ wZwb

67
cybivq Zvui cieZ©x MíMÖš’ ÔWjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ- †Z MíwU hy³ K‡i‡Qb we‡kl
AbyµgwYKvmn:

ÔAvg‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvmÕ MíwU GKwUgvÎ Aby‡”Q‡` iwPZ, AwšÍ‡g c~Y©‡”Q`m~PK-
hwZwPý wenxb Ges Db¥y³ ev †Lvjv| MíUv ÔgvwUÕ bvgK mvgwqKx‡Z Gfv‡eB cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
n‡qwQj| GUvB ï× cvV|Ó42

ay‡jvi w`‡b †div

Ôay‡jvi w`‡b †divÕ knx`yj Rwn‡ii gyw³hy× e¨ZxZ wfbœavivi ivRbxwZ, Zrm‡½ Rwo‡q cov
Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi APwiZv_© †cÖg I cÖwZ‡kvacÖvß g„Zz¨i Mí| gyw³hy×-
c~e©Kv‡j lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K •PwbK †bZv gvI †m Zz‡Oi g‡š¿ DØy× n‡q Pviæ gRyg`vi
Kvby m¨vbvj cÖgy‡Li AwabvqK‡Z¡ fvi‡Zi c~e©v‡j †h bKkvj Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq, Zwi cÖfve
cieZ©xKv‡j Qwo‡q c‡o Zrcvk¦©eZ©x AÂj Z_v evsjv‡`‡kI| wmivR wmK`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡
me©nviv cvwU©i ZrciZvq Ô†kÖwYkÎæÕ LZ‡gi j‡ÿ¨ †h AwaKvi A‡›`vjb ïiæ nq Zv g~jZ `ywU
†kÖwY‡K wb‡R‡`i m‡½ m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z mÿg nq:

1. f~wgnxb gRyicÖavb K…lK‡kÖwY

2. gvK©mev‡` wek¦vmx QvÎ-wkÿK Z_v eyw×Rxex †kÖwY|
¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©xKv‡j fviZ-evsjv‡`‡k Dfq †`‡kB GB †kÖwYi Av‡›`vjb‡K iv‡óªi Rb¨ ûgwK
wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq Ges k³nv‡Z `yB †`‡ki miKvi Zv‡`i wbab K‡i| wmivR wmK`v‡ii
g„Zz¨i ci evsjv‡`‡k GB Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o| GKwU f~-L‡Ði GB ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv
Abyaveb K‡iB knx`yj Rwn‡ii GB M‡íi g~j PwiÎ Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i AvL¨vb we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
n‡e|

†Kbbv GB M‡í Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i †hmKj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq MÖvgevmxi m~Î a‡i, Zv‡Z Rvbv hvq
cÖvq GKzk eQi c~‡e© mynvwmbx MÖv‡gi Avãyj Iqvwn` eÜz Aveyj †nv‡mb‡K wb‡q XvKv kn‡i D”P
wkÿv‡_© Mgb K‡i| †mLv‡b Aveyj †nv‡mb wb‡Ri †jLvcov wb‡q e¨¯Í _vK‡j Zvi †P‡q †ewk
†gavex Avãyj Iqvwn` bKkvj Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q Ges †kÖwYkÎæ LZ‡gi j‡ÿ¨ wb‡Ri MÖv‡gB

68
Av‡m †mB bKkvjcš’x‡`i †bZv n‡q| †bZ…Z¡ `„k¨gvb _vK‡jI †m _v‡K A`„k¨| †Mvcb `‡ji
ivRbxwZi mv‡_ hy³ †_‡K †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qB †m MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges †kvlYKvix
m¤úwËIqvjv‡`i †ei K‡iÔ†kÖwYkÎæÕ evQvB ïiæ K‡i| AZtci K‡i nZ¨v| GiB avivevwnKZvq
Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ kÎæ wba‡bi wgk‡b wM‡q kÎæi ¯¿xi †Pv‡L wKQz wP‡ýi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri
Dcw¯’wZi cÖgvY †i‡L Av‡m Avãyj Iqvwn`| Ges GB NUbvi 17 eQi ci Avevi hLb †m wd‡i
Av‡m wb‡Ri MÖv‡g we¯§„Z AZx‡Zi g‡Zv, ZLb GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †m cÖwZ‡kv‡ai wkKvi n‡q
wb‡Ri cÖvY nvivq|

M‡íi DwjøwLZ Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i ivR‣bwZK Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb eY©bvB ïay knx`yj Rwn‡ii jÿ¨
wQ‡jv bv, Gi evB‡iI wZwb †i‡L‡Qb Av‡iKwU Mí| †mwU e¨w³ Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i| †mB Iqvwn`
ivRbxwZi e¨w³Z¡ bq, †m GK gvqvKvov hyeK, †h D”P wkÿv‡_© XvKvq hvevi Av‡M wb‡Ri
PvPv‡Zv †evb b~iRvnv‡bi g‡bi Mfx‡i gvqv ev †cÖ‡gi m„wó K‡i| Z‡e MíUv †klch©šÍ †cÖ‡giI
bq, cÖwZwnsmviI bqÑ civR‡qi| mgvRcwieZ©‡bi I me©nviv gvby‡li gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z
Zz‡j †bIqv wecøex •mwbK Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i mvwe©K civR‡qi AvL¨vb GB Ôay‡jvi w`‡b †divÕ
MíwU|

ci¯úi `ywU †¯ªv‡Zi wgj‡b wbwg©Z GB M‡íi GKwU †¯ªv‡Z †`Lv hvq, evwjKv b~iRvnv‡bi g‡b
Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i cÖwZ M‡o IVv wek¦vm I wbf©iZv hLb ‡cÖgvKv•ÿv D‡`ªK NUvq, ZLb Avãyj
Iqvwn‡`i D”Pwkÿvi j‡ÿ¨ XvKvq hvevi mgq mgvMZ, GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evwjKv Zvi Kv‡Q
K_vejv gqbv cvwLi Avãvi Rvbvq| wKš‘ gqbv cvwL `y®úÖvc¨ nIqvq Ges mg‡qi ¯^íZv _vKvq
evwjKv‡K cÖ‡eva †`evi Rb¨ Avãyj Iqvwn` kvwjK cvwLi Qvbv w`‡q hvq| GB kvwjK cvwL‡K
gqbvi Qvbv †f‡e evwjKv Aa¨vemvq ïiæ K‡i Ges cov‡jLvq e¨_©Zv cÖ`k©b K‡i wK‡kvix n‡q
I‡V| AZtci Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i m½x Aveyj †nv‡mb MÖv‡g wd‡i Avm‡jI Avãyj Iqvwn` i‡q
hvq wb‡Ri ivR‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ð| GgZve¯’vq Aveyj †nv‡mb we‡q K‡i b~iRvnvb‡K| M‡íi GB
L‡Ð Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i cÖwZ b~iRvnv‡bi †cÖgvbyf~wZ cÖKvk cvq gqbv cvwL PvIqvq, Zvi cÖwZ
wek¦vm I wbf©iZvq Ges kvwj‡Ki Qvbv Rvbv m‡Ë¡I evwjKv †_‡K wK‡kvix ch©šÍ †mB fzj
cvwL‡K K_v †kLv‡bvi Aa¨emv‡qi g‡a¨| †jLK Zvui eY©bvi fvlvq e‡jb, Ò†m GKwU
e¨vL¨vZxZ †Nv‡ii †fZi `xN©w`b AvUKv c‡o _v‡K|Ó43 nq‡Zv †mB †Nvi †cÖg-B wQ‡jv wKš‘
Zvi Kv‡Q Zv ¯úó wQ‡jv bv we‡qi c~e© ch©šÍ; wKš‘ evmiiv‡Z †mB cvwLi K_v ¯§iY n‡j Ges

69
ciw`b mKv‡j †mB cvwL‡K g„Zve¯’vq †c‡j Zvi †h Abyf~wZ nq, †mwU wbtm‡›`‡n †cÖggq|
Ges Zv _v‡K e‡jB Zvi g‡b †mB cvwLwU‡K bv evuPv‡Z cvivi †e`bv fi K‡i _v‡K| †mB
Aÿq †e`bv †_‡KB m‡Z‡iv eQi c‡i Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i mv‡_ cÖ_g †`Lvq †m my¯úófv‡e
Rvb‡Z Pvq: Òg¨vevB gqbvi QvI Kqv AvgvK kvwjK w`wQ‡jb K¨v?Ó44 †hb †m †hgbUv
†P‡qwQ‡jv †ZgbUv cvqwb, A_P Zvi cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv e¨vcK| d‡j, cieZ©xKv‡j Avãyj Iqvwn`
hLb `ywU gqbv cvwLi ev”Pv G‡b cvjb Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges AvZZvqxi Avµg‡Y gviv hvq ZLb
†mB †kvKven cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †m mevi Av‡M †mB cvwL¸‡jvi mÜvb K‡i Ges hZœ w`‡q evuwP‡q
iv‡L| cvwL¸‡jv‡K evuwP‡q ivLvi g‡a¨ Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i ¯§„wZ iÿvi †P‡q cÖej _v‡K
fv‡jvevmv‡K evuwP‡q ivLvi AvKv•ÿv| mvsmvwiK Rxe‡b b~iRvnvb Kxfv‡e †eu‡P Av‡Q Zv hLb
KvD‡K ej‡Z cv‡i bv †m, ZLb †mB K_vejv gqbv¸‡jvB †hb †m Avjv‡ci m~Pbv K‡i| cvwL
`ywUi g‡a¨ †hb †eu‡P _v‡K GKRb †cÖwgK Avãyj Iqvwn` Ges GKRb b~iRvnvb| d‡j
cvwL‡`i gy‡L †hb Zv‡`iB AšÍivjvc dz‡U I‡V, Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i g„Zz¨i ci GKw`b GKwU
cvwL Aci cvwL‡K hLb wR‡Ám K‡i ÒKv‡›`b K¨v?Ó ZLb Ab¨ cvwL DËi †`q ÒmyL bvB
Rxe‡b|Ó45

M‡íi Ab¨ †¯ªvZwU cy‡ivcywi Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i bKkvj n‡q me©nviv‡`i c‡ÿ wecøevZ¥K Kg©m~wP
MÖnY, †kÖwYkÎæ LZg Ges GB Av‡›`j‡bi e¨_©Zv-cieZ©x MÖv‡g wd‡i Avmv I hyMcrfv‡e
gvbexi cÖwZ Ges ¯^cœjvwjZ †cÖg‡K wN‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi MÖv‡g cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci
Rvbv hvq Avãyj Iqvwn` Zvi cov‡kvbv wb‡q e¨¯Í| Zvici Zvi Avi †Kv‡bv msev` cvIqv hvq
bv| wKš‘ wKQzw`b ci mynvwmbx I Zrcvk©¦eZ©x A‡j bKkvj‡`i Dcw¯’wZ Ges mynvwmbxi iwk`
cÖvgvwY‡Ki cvMj n‡q hvIqvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii ZxeªZvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| Ges hLb
e¨vObvB MÖv‡gi wcZvcyÎ Bqvwmb wek¦vm-RwgiDwÏb Lyb nq Ges Zv‡`i jv‡ki m‡½ cvIqv hvq
Ô†kÖYxkÎæ LZg Kiv Pj‡eÕÑ GB †NvlYv msewjZ KvMR, ZLb Bqvwmb wek¦v‡mi ¯¿x cÖZ¨ÿ`k©x
wn‡m‡e iUbv K‡i †`q †h, †mB `‡ji cÖavb wQ‡jv mynvwmbxi Avãyj Kwig wgqvi †gR †Q‡j
Avãyj Iqvwn`| GB wP‡b ivLv Ges cieZ©xKv‡j my‡hv‡Mi A‡cÿvq _vKv †Mvôxi Kvi‡YB wd‡i
Avmv gvÎB GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avãyj Iqvwn` wb‡Ri dmjfiv Rwgi g‡a¨ Ly‡bi wkKvi nq|
AvZZvqxiv Zvi jv‡ki m‡½ KvM‡R wj‡L †i‡L hvq ÔcÖwZ‡kva wb‡q †MjvgÕ| GKzk eQi ci
MÖv‡g wd‡i Avmv Ges g„Zz¨-c~e© GK eQiKv‡ji g‡a¨ Avãyj Iqvwn` cÖavbZ wZbwU KvR K‡i:
K) wb‡R‡K bZzb K‡i ¸wQ‡q †bq, K…wlKv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| L) b~iRvnv‡bi mv‡_
70
Zvi cÖZviYv Ges Zvi cÖwZ b~iRvnv‡bi †cÖgfve eyS‡Z †c‡i Zv‡K †`qv cÖwZkÖæwZ c~i‡Yi
c`‡ÿc †bq| M) civwRZ •mwb‡Ki g‡b fi Kiv ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv †mB †PZbv‡K cÖZxKxfv‡e
cÖKv‡ki †Póv Pvjvq|

DwjøwLZ wZbwU Kv‡Ri eY©bvB knx`yj Rwni GB M‡í ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| M‡íi
ïiæ‡ZB wZwb GK ai‡bi w¤ªqgvb Av‡jvq Avãyj Iqvwn`‡K MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q‡Qb, A‡bKUv
fz‡j hvIqv AZxZ‡K Kó K‡i g‡b Kivi g‡Zv †PóvKxY© fvlvq Zv‡K M‡í Avwef©~Z K‡i‡Qb
Ges evisevi Zvi Avmbœ g„Zz¨i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb cvVK‡`i| Z‡e g„Zz¨i `„k¨wU Lye
gnxqvb K‡i †`Lvbwb wZwb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB| †hb c~e©K…Z †Kv‡bv cv‡ci wba©vwiZ mvRv‡ZB Zvi
g„Zz¨ n‡q‡QÑ hv wQ‡jv mK‡ji cÖZ¨vwkZ| M‡íi gwa¨Lv‡bB Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q,
ZviciI M‡íi †ik wQ‡jv `xN©mgq| Avw`-ga¨-A‡šÍi mgš^‡q wZwb DjUcvjU G‡b †kl
†_‡KB ïiæ K‡i‡Qb, hLb †m cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv MÖv‡g| GKzk eQi c~‡e© MÖvg †_‡K wbiæ‡Ïk n‡q
hvIqv Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i GKzk eQi c~‡e©i KvwnwbI M‡í ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q, MíKvi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
Zvi Abycw¯’wZKv‡ji NUbvgvjvI| Z‡e †m¸‡jv d¬vke¨vK-eY©bvm~‡Î| MÖv‡g wd‡i Avmv †_‡K
g„Zz¨-c~e©eZ©x †h ga¨eZ©xKvj Avãyj Iqvwn` RxweZ wQ‡jv, Zb¥‡a¨ Zvi †bqv D‡`¨vMmg~‡nB
g~jZ M‡íi cÖvYi‡mi Dcw¯’wZ | M‡íi cÖ_gva© †kl nevi Av‡MB Avãyj Iqvwn` wb‡Ri
dmjfiv †ÿ‡Z AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ nq, m‡½ Zvi fvB I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Qi †jvKRb _vK‡jI
†KD cÖwZ‡iva bv K‡i cvjvq, GKvKx gviv c‡o Iqvwn`| AvZZvqx‡`i ÔcÖwZ‡kva wb‡q †MjvgÕ
†jLv wPiKzU, Ges Zvi jvk †`‡L eÜz Aveyj †nv‡m‡bi Kvbœv †`‡L MÖv‡gi †jv‡K‡`i hLb
cÖm½µ‡g b~iRvnv‡bi K_v g‡b c‡o MíKvi ZLb ïiæ K‡ib M‡íi wØZxq wKš‘ cÖavb †¯ªv‡Zi
eY©bv|

GB c‡e© MíKvi †mB g„Zz¨-c~e© Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i GKeQ‡ii Rxeb eY©bv K‡ib| Aveyj
†nv‡m‡bi mv‡_ cÖ_g mvÿv‡ZB Aveyj Zv‡K Rvbvq †h †m b~iRvnvb‡K we‡q K‡i‡Q Ges †m
Iqvwn`‡K wb‡q wb‡Ri evwo‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b b~iRvnv‡bi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡j b~iRvnvb cÖ_‡gB
Zv‡K VwK‡q hvevi e¨vcviUv †Zv‡j| evwjKv b~iRvnvb GLb Ôk¨vgj I mykÖx fiv b`xi g‡ZvÕ,
d‡j †mB cÖm‡½ Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i j¾v nq| AZtci ÒGB mgq... †m wmivRMÄ †_‡K GKUv
†Mvjvc dzjMvQ G‡b jvMvq Ges GK‡Rvov Kv‡jv gqbv wK‡b G‡b K_v †kLvq|Ó46GB dzjMvQ

71
I gqbv cvwL †Kbvi g‡a¨ M‡íi g~j PwiÎ Avãyj Iqvwn` wb‡Ri RxebUv‡K mvwR‡q †Zvjvi
¯^cœ M‡o †Zv‡j|

MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i `„wó‡KvY e¨envi K‡i †jLK GKwU mij e„ˇK †f‡O UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i RwUj
K‡i mvwR‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡Z M‡í M‡o D‡V‡Q Ggb GKwU AvÇvi Xs †hLv‡b †h †hLvb †_‡K
cvi‡Q MíUv‡K wb‡Ri AwfÁZv †_‡K c~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Q| d‡j Rvbv hvq cÖ_gw`bB b~iRvnvb
Zv‡K VKv‡bvi cÖm‡½i mv‡_ AviI GKwU cÖkœ iv‡L, †mwU n‡jv Kx jvf n‡jv? A_©vr GB †h
Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖPwjZ aviv †_‡K †ei n‡q wecø‡ei ¯^‡cœ Rxeb hvcb, hv Zv‡`i
`yRb‡K c„_K K‡i Zzj‡jv wKš‘ †klch©šÍ G‡jv bv †Kv‡bv mvdj¨, †mB Rxeb hvcb K‡i Z‡e
Kx jvf n‡jv| G‡nb wRÁvmv Avãyj Iqvwn`‡K cybivq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© fvwe‡q †Zv‡j Ges ZviI
wKQzw`b ci †m hLb b~iRvnvb‡K e‡j †h †m KvRwU A_©vr Aveyj †nv‡mb‡K we‡q K‡i KvRwU
fv‡jv K‡iwb, ZLbI Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zvi fvebvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq †h, †m wdi‡Z Pvq GB
Rxe‡bi avivq| wKš‘ †hw`b †m b~iRvnvb‡K Kvu`‡Z †`‡L Kzqvi cv‡i ZLb †m eyS‡Z cv‡i
Av`‡Z jvfevb nqwb †KD| bv b~iRvnvb, bv Aveyj †nv‡mb bv †m wb‡R| GgZve¯’vq AšÍZ
gqbv cvwLi k~b¨Zv c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wKsev †mB gqbv cvwLi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡`i AZxZ wdwi‡q Avbvi
Kíbvq †m gqbv cvwL wK‡b Av‡b| Ges cybe©vi fv‡jvevmv RvMv‡bvi g‡š¿ eb¨ †Mvjv‡ci Pvivq
dzj †dvUv‡bvi Aa¨emvq ïiæ K‡i| Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ‡Póvq GKai‡Yi RxebgywLZvi Qvc my¯úó
n‡q I‡V|

MíKvi M‡íi GB ch©v‡q `yBwU gqbv cvwL I †MvjvcMv‡Qi cÖm½ G‡b M‡íi nvwi‡q hvIqv
Kvwnwb‡Z ev•gqZv `vb K‡i‡Qb| `ywU gqbv‡K hLb GK LvuPv †_‡K c„_K K‡i ivLv nq Zvi
g‡a¨ †hb b~iRvnvb I Avãyj Iqvwn‡`i c„_K n‡q hvevi Kvwnwb‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|
RxweZve¯’vq b~iRvnvb‡K KvbœviZ Ae¯’vq †`‡L Avãyj Iqvwn` wR‡Ám Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h, †m
†Kb Kv‡u`| †mB `vq †hb †cvlv gqbv cvwL Zvi g„Zz¨i ci wgwU‡q †d‡j| Ges †h AšÍhv©Zbv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I b~iRvnvb KLbI ej‡Z cv‡iwb gyL dz‡U, wØZxq gqbv †hb †mB DËiUvB w`‡q
Zv‡`i †fZ‡ii `ytLwgwkÖZ K_v¸‡jv cÖKvk K‡i †`q cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K wecø‡ei Kov
jvj i‡Oi kc‡_ ejxqvb n‡q †h․e‡bi cy‡ivUvB Avãyj Iqvwn` e¨q K‡iwQj †h ¯^cœ‡K
ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z, †mwU ev¯Íe nqwb †klch©šÍ, civRq †g‡b Zv‡K wdi‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv mij
Rxe‡bi Kv‡Q| wmivRMÄ †_‡K †Kbv †mB †MvjvcMv‡Qi g‡a¨ Avãyj Iqvwn` Avg„Zz¨ mÜvb

72
K‡i †mB nvwi‡q †djv ¯^‡cœi cybR©vMiY| weij †mB Rv‡Zi †MvjvcMvQ, hv wK bv dyj †`qwb
MZ Avwk eQ‡iI, hvi mv‡_ gvbweK m¤úK© M‡o D‡VwQ‡jv ¯¿x-we‡qvMKvZi AvwgbywÏb bv‡gi
GK cy®ú‡cÖwg‡Ki, †mB ¯§„wZwe¯§„Z †Mvjv‡ci Mv‡Q wb‡Ri fv‡jvevmv ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jv Avãyj
Iqvwn`| Avwgbywχbi g‡Zv ZviI fv‡jvevmv RMr †_‡K `ywU welq wehy³ n‡qvwQ‡jv: 1.
b~iRvnvb 2. bKkvj Av‡›`vjb| `y RvqMv‡ZB †m civwRZ| Zvi ¯^cœ wQ‡jv cy®úe„‡ÿi mv‡_
fv‡jvevmvi Abf~wZi Pvl K‡i dzwU‡q †Zvjv civwRZ wecø‡ei g‡Zv UKU‡K jvj i‡Oi
mdjZvdzj| wKš‘ mdjZv cvevi Av‡M wPiKvj civwRZ Avãyj Iqvwn` AvZZvqxi A¯¿vNv‡Z
Avevi civwRZ nq| MíKv‡ii fvlvq ÒwKš‘ dzj †dvUv, cvwLi K_v ejv Ges cvKv dmj N‡i
†Zvjvi c~‡e©B †m Zvi Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wd‡i hvq Ges MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i weåvwšÍ nq, Zviv e‡j
†h, †m givi Rb¨B MÖv‡g wd‡i G‡mwQj|Ó47

PZz_© gvÎv

ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕ MíwU knx`yj Rwn‡ii mg¯Í Mí †_‡K ¯^Zš¿| Gi welq¸Y I Avw½K ¯^vZš¿¨ Ñ
`yw`K †_‡KB MíwU wewkó| msjv‡ci e¨envi, `„k¨K‡íi eY©bv, Pwiθ‡jvi bvwU¨K Dcw¯’wZ
MíwUi iƒcK‡í †hgb GKvw¼Kvi Av¯^v` G‡b‡Q, †Zgwb Gi †K›`ªxq Pwi‡Îi cybive„wËg~jK
AvPvi Gi ¯^vfvweK MwZe¨Äbv e¨vnZ K‡i wbtmvo bvMwiK Rxe‡bi Pig GKvwKZ¡‡K Zz‡j
a‡i‡Q| bvU¨¸Y _vKv m‡Ë¡I GwU n‡q D‡V‡Q GK Aemv`wK¬ó bvMwiK gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi
cÖvZ¨wnK wPÎmgwš^Z Mí| GB M‡í knx`yj Rwni †`wL‡q‡Qb Avãyj Kwig bvgK GK ga¨eqmx
GKvKx cyiæ‡li GK‡N‡q Rxe‡bi wbtm½Zv| bM‡ii g‡a¨ †_‡KI bMiRxe‡bi e¨¯ÍZv †_‡K
wbe©vwmZ GK m½wjáy GKvKx gvbyl Avãyj Kwi‡gi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi `„k¨mg~n, †mBme `„‡k¨
Zvi GKvšÍ Kvgbvi cÖvwß-AcÖvwß Ges evmbv PwiZv_© Kivi cÖvYcY †Póvmg~n‡K g~j K‡iB
MíKvi `„k¨‡hvRbv K‡i‡Qb| Pjw”P‡Îi ev bvU‡Ki cvÐzwjwci g‡Zv K‡i msjvc‡K cÖvavb¨
w`‡q AbwaK `kwU Pwi·K m¤ú„³ K‡i knx`yj Rwni Avãyj Kwi‡gi GKvwKZ¡‡K dzwU‡q
Zz‡j‡Qb48; ïay evwn¨K NUbvgvjv w`‡q bq, PwiÎwUi mvwe©Kw`‡Ki cÖwZ `„wó w`‡q †jLK Zvi
g‡bv‡j․wKK Aa¨vmmg~nI mgvb ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ Mífz³ K‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z, Avãyj Kwi‡gi
GKvwKZ¡ †K›`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q G-Mí|

73
ÔRxeb I RM‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úK©nxb, wew”Qbœ, wehy³Õ49 Avãyj Kwig ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕ M‡í wb‡R‡K
wb‡Ri •`N©¨-cÖ¯’-Nb‡Z¡i evB‡i †h Aw¯ÍZ¡, †h Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨, †mB
m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ Lyu‡R †eovq| GB A‡š^l‡Yi g‡a¨B †m wb‡R‡K hy³ Ki‡Z Pvq mgv‡Ri
Rxeb‡¯ªv‡Zi m‡½| Zvi GKvKx msmv‡i †m m¤ú„³ K‡i Kv‡Ri eyqv‡K, KvMR †µZv-we‡µZv
cwiP‡qi †dwiIjv‡K Ges Av‡iKRb †dwiIjv‡K †h wKbv Zvi gnjøvi †Q‡j‡`i Kv‡Q wewµ
K‡i wgóvbœ ev KUKwU| GB me¸‡jv gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Q Kvg¨, †Kbbv †m GKvKx| GB
wbtm½Zv‡K fz‡j _vK‡Z wKsev wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ Rvwni Ki‡Z, †Kbbv mvgvwRK Aw¯ÍZ¡ e‡j
GKwU Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q hv Rbm¤ú„³Zvq M‡o I‡V, †mwU Zvi †bB| wb‡Ri •`wnK Aw¯Í‡Z¡i evB‡i
IB Aw¯ÍZ¡wU‡KB Lyu‡R †d‡i Avãyj Kwig cy‡ivUv Mí Ry‡o| mgq wPiKvj engvb| GB M‡í
knx`yj Rwni GKwU w¯’i mg‡qi †fZi emevm Kiv GK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e, †Kbbv hvi e¨¯ÍZv †bB
Zvi mg‡qi MwZkxjZvi m‡½ ¯ú„óZv †bB, Avãyj Kwig‡K Zvi •`bw›`b •ewPΨnxb Rxe‡b
A¼b Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi GK‡N‡q NUbve„‡Ë AvU‡K cov GB PwiÎwU wb‡Ri
Aw¯ÍZ¡ ZvB Zz‡j ai‡Z Pvq eyqvi Kv‡Q, evisevi eyqv‡K †m Wv‡K, wb‡Ri i³-gvs‡mi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i
Rvbvb †`q, hw`I eyqvi Kv‡Q GKw`‡bi e¨wZµg e¨ZxZ †mB Aw¯’gvum Aw¯ÍZ¡ aiv c‡o bv ev
cÖavb n‡q I‡V bv †Kv‡bvmgq| cÖ_g w`‡K KvM‡Ri †dwiIjvi Kv‡Q wbZ¨ `iKlvKwl K‡i Aí
cwigvY cwÎKv wewµ K‡i wb‡Ri we‡µZv mËv cÖgvY Ki‡Z PvB‡jI †hvMvb Aí _vKvq GKw`b
wb‡RB †mB †dwiIjvi Kv‡Q †µZv n‡q aiv †`q| GB ch©v‡q G‡m †m †dwiIjvi mgvšÍivj
n‡q hvq, bMiRxe‡b †h Aw¯Í‡Z¡i mvgvwRK g~j¨ LyeB bMY¨| GKB e„‡Ë †m bMY¨ †_‡K hvq
KUKwUIjvi Kv‡QI, hLb †m Zvi Kv‡QI fvOv KvP wKb‡Z Pvq| G‡Kev‡i wb¯Íi½ Rxe‡b †m
Zi½ Av‡b gnjøvi wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i gv‡S| hviv cÖwZw`b Zvi evmvi evB‡ii eviv›`v †_‡K fvOv
Kv‡Pi Møvm msMÖn K‡i KUKwU wK‡b Lvq Ges fvMvfvwM wb‡q wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ SMov m„wó K‡i;
Dciš‘ AwffveK‡`i‡K GB NUbvq DˇivËi m¤ú„³ K‡i| wKš‘ gnjøvi AwffveKMY Zv‡`i
mšÍvb‡`i Kj‡ni KviY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i Avãyj Kwi‡gi Ach©vß †RvMvb‡K :

cÖ_g e¨w³: Avc‡b †`L‡Qb wK AB‡P?

Av. K. : wK nB‡Q?
cÖ_g e¨w³: eyRv cv‡ib bv, wK AB‡P?
Av. K. : eyS‡Z cviZvwQ bv|
wØZxq e¨w³: Avc‡b Avevi †Mjvm fv½‡Qb K¨vjv?

74
 Av. K. : †Mjvm fvO‡j Avwg wK Kie !
wØZxq e¨w³: K¨vjv fv½‡eb!
Av. K. : †Mjvm gvby‡li fv‡O bv?
cÖ_g e¨w³: fv½v Kv‡Pi †Mjvm Avc‡b `iRvi evB‡i iv‡Lb K¨vjv?
Av. K. : wK Kie, fvOv KvP †Kv_vq dvjve|
cÖ_g e¨w³: K¨vjv ivL‡eb| GKLvb KBiv fv½v †Mjvm K¨vjv iv‡Lb?
Av. K. : `yBLvb ‡Zv ivLwQ !
wØZxq e¨w³: `yBLvb K¨vjv ivL‡eb ! `yBLvb fv½v †Mjv‡m GB BÆzLvwb KUKwU cvIqv hvq,
Avi †cvjvcvb¸jv gvivgvwi KBiv g‡i|
Av. K. : Avwg Zvi wK Kie!
wØZxq e¨w³: `yBUv fv½v †Mjvm GBLv‡b ivB‡Lb bv Avc‡b| wZbUv fv½‡j ivB‡Lb| 50

hw` †m Møvm bv fvO‡Zv wKsev †ewk cwigvY Møvm †f‡O ivL‡Zv Zvn‡j mšÍvb‡`i Pvwn`v wgU‡Zv
Ges Kj‡ni DrcwË NU‡Zv bv| Kvh©Z Zviv Avãyj Kwig‡K mšÍvb‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bvi Dcvq e¨ZxZ AwZwi³ wKQz g‡b K‡i bv| d‡j GLv‡bI Avãyj Kwig aZ©‡e¨i g‡a¨
Avm‡Z cv‡i bv|

GB †h MYbvi evB‡i †_‡K hvIqv Avãyj Kwi‡gi BwZe„Ë, Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U Zvi g‡bv‡j․wKK
fvebve„‡Ë Ges ¯^cœe„Ëv‡šÍI| djZ, ¯^‡cœI Zvi wb‡Ri ¯^vaxb Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM N‡U bv|
AvMš‘K †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q †m †Lvjv `„wó‡Z b`x †`Lvi, av‡bi †ÿZ wKsev k~b¨ gvV †`Lvi AwaKvi
nvivq| wb‡Ri ¯^‡cœi †fZiI cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi wÎgvwÎK Aw¯ÍZ¡| wÎgvÎvi c‡i †h
PZz_© gvÎv, Kvh©Z †h gvÎvwU Ab¨ wZb gvÎv‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i mymsnZfv‡e, †mB PZy_© gvÎvwU
AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q Kv‡ji MwZkxjZvi m‡½ Pj‡Z bv †c‡i wb‡Ri Abw¯Í‡Z¡i g‡a¨B Avãyj
Kwig wb‡Ri PZz_© gvÎv cÖwZôv K‡i; mv_©Kfv‡e †Kv_vI bv †_‡KI †h _vKv gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri
†eu‡P _vKv‡K Abyf~Z Kivq, knx`yj Rwni †mwU‡KB ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕ e‡j cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb GB
M‡í|

75
 Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí

ÔWjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ MíÕ knx`yj Rwn‡ii me©‡kl MíMÖš’| eBwU‡Z †h mvZwU Mí i‡q‡Q
Zb¥‡a¨ ÔAvgv‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvmÕ-MíwU cybg©yw`ªZ: evwK QqwU MíB GKev‡i bZzb|
¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK civeZ©‡bi cvkvcvwk wek¦-ivRbxwZi
mv¤ªvR¨ev`x AvMÖvm‡bi Kz-iƒc ch©šÍ wZwb Zvui Mí-Dcb¨v‡m Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Rxe‡bi bvbvwea
msKU-†Niv wPÎ-mgš^‡q MÖvg Avi bM‡ii wK¬ó Qwe wZwb A¼b K‡i‡Qb GB MÖ‡š’i Mímg~‡n|
fvlvKvVv‡gvi cÖwgZ i¾y wQbœ K‡i †ewi‡q Avmvi †h cÖqvm Zvui µgk `„k¨gvb nw”Q‡jv wØZxq
c‡e©i ïiæ †_‡K, G-MÖ‡š’i Mímg~‡n Zv AviI wbw`©ó gyw³i w`‡K hvÎv K‡i‡Q| †K․gRxe‡bi
gy‡Li fvlv Kvwnwb eY©bvi evK¨KvVv‡gv‡Z AbM©j cÖweó n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv-msjvc
Pwiθ‡jv‡K M‡íh‡ZvUv RxešÍ K‡i †Zv‡j, mvaviY cÖwg‡Zi gvwR©Z fvlvKvVv‡gv‡Z Zv e¨vnZ
nq| †jLK fvlvi `~iZ¡UzKz `~i Ki‡Z wM‡q Mí ejvi GK †jvKfw½‡K Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z M‡íi Mv‡q G‡m‡Q GK †j․wKK Av¯^v`|

†Kv_vq cve Zv‡i

knx`yj Rwn‡ii me©vwaK Av‡jvwPZ Mí Ô†Kv_vq cve Zv‡iÕ| MíwU GB MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g Mí| evDj
Mv‡bi K_vq M‡íiwk‡ivbvg wb‡`©k K‡i †jLK M‡íi g~j wbh©v‡mi cÖwZ GKwU Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb;
hv Mícv‡Vi ci cvVKwP‡Ë g~Z© n‡q I‡V| Rb¥cieZ©x gvby‡li mgMÖRxe‡bi Kvw•ÿZ-j¶¨‡K
evDjMY wcÖqvi ev Ck¦‡ii iƒc‡K Kíbv K‡i‡Qb, hv‡K cvIqvi AvKzjZv gvbyl‡K Ab¨me wKQy
†_‡K wegy³ iv‡LÑ wKš‘ †klvewa Zv‡K cvIqv nq bv| †mB Ac~Y© mv‡ai c~Y©Zvi j‡¶¨B
gvby‡li `vk©wbK Rxeb cwiPvwjZ nq| iex›`ªbv_ hv‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡iwQ‡jb cikcv_i wKsev
Rxeb‡`eZvi iƒc‡K Ñ evsjv evDj`k©‡bi †mB wRÁvmv ev A‡š^lY‡K AaybvKv‡ji wkíx
knx`yj Rwni bZzb gvÎvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i‡Qb kû‡i †jvKvj‡q|

†hLv‡b e¨¯Í bvMwiK Rxe‡bi Ask n‡qI †eKvi hyeK A_ev Zv‡K ejv hvq D`vmxb Ñ wfbœ
e¨vL¨vq msmvi wegyL evDjI ejv hvq nq‡Zv- †h wbgMœ _v‡K wb‡Ri g‡a¨| wb‡Ri •elwqK
e¨vcv‡i ev wcZvi e¨emvq hvi g‡bv‡hvM †bB cyivb XvKvi Aa©wkw¶Z Rbgvby‡li Kv‡Q hvi
AvPiY wfbœgvÎvq cÖKvwkZ- †mB hyeK Ave`yj Kwi‡gi A‡š^lY- Kíbvi m‡½ †gjeÜb NU‡j

76
g~Z© n‡q I‡V †mB wPiKvjxb Kv•ÿv I bv cvIqvi mZ¨iƒc| djZ ivRavbxi cÖvY‡K›`ª cyivb
XvKvi g‡a¨ bvMwiK e¨¯ÍZv m‡Ë¡I †e‡R I‡V evDj myi| †mB e¨Äbv`‡bi mdjZvi g‡a¨B
MíwUi wbwnZZvrc‡h©i we‡klZ¡ Ges MíKv‡ii mvdj¨|

GM‡í msmviweevMx evDj-¯^fvex hyeK Ave`yj Kwig‡K Ges Zvi Ôg‡bi gvby‡lÕi Kvw•ÿZ
Kvqvi iƒcK wn‡m‡e A‡`Lv †kdvwj †eMg‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| Ges †h wVKvbv †kdvwj
Ave`yj Kwig‡K †`q Ñ hvi nw`m cvIqvUv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e Ñ Zv‡K evDj `k©‡bi
AviwkbM‡ii m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv hvq:

GKUv mv`v KvM‡R cÖ_‡g wVKvbv †jLv wQj:

†gvQv: †kcvwj †eMg
dzjevBov
‣ggbwms
Gici wQj c‡_i wb‡`©k:
XvKv gnvLvwj evm ֬vb
‣ggb wms kni, Mvw½bvi cvo
Mvw½bvi cvo Ñ AvKzqv nqv dzjevBov evRvi, _vbvi mvg‡b
Dëv w`‡K nvuU‡j eo GovBP Mv‡Qi (KoB MvQ) mvg‡b wUGbD Awcm
wUGbD Awcm mvg‡b ivBLv LvovB‡j, evg w`‡Ki iv¯Ív Ñ bvK eivei
nvB ¯‥zj Qvovqv eivei myRv, avb †ÿZ, KvuUv MvQ, jvj gvwU,
ev‡g †gvPo Lvqv b`x
AvnvBjv/AvLvBjv/AvLvwjqv b`x
b`x cvi nqv weªR wcQb w`qv LvovB‡j,
`ycyi †ejv †hw`‡K †QIqv c‡o Zvi Dëv w`‡K,
†QIqv bv _vK‡j, †hw`‡K nvuU‡j cv‡qi Zjvq Avivg jv‡M †mB w`‡K
B`xi cvo eivei GK gvBj nvuU‡j `yBUv bvBiKj MvQ
`yB bvBiKj Mv‡Qi gB‡Ï Lvovqv MÖv‡gi w`‡K ZvKvB‡j
wZbUv wU‡bi Ni †`Lv hvBe
wZbUv N‡ii GK`g evg w`‡Ki N‡ii cvk w`qv †h iv¯Ív †M‡Q
†mB iv¯Ív aBiv
AvMvB‡j PvBi w`‡K avb‡ÿZ, cv‡q nvuUv AvB‡ji iv¯Ív

77
 `~‡i PvBi w`‡K Av‡iv MÖvg
‡ÿ‡Z cvKv avb †hw`‡K KvBZ nqv Av‡Q, †mB w`‡K,
A_ev, hyw` av‡bi w`b bv nq,
†hw`‡K evZvm eq †mB w`‡K †M‡j cvuPUv evwoi wfUv †`Lv hvBe,
wZbUv wfUv mvg‡b `yBUv wcQ‡b,
wcQ‡bi `yBUv evwoi Wvwjg MvQIqvjv evwo|51

Awbw`©óZvÁvcK GB wVKvbv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB GKwU wbw`©ó wVKvbvq †c․u‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i bv| djZ,
Kvw•ÿZ †kcvwj †eM‡gi m‡½ mvÿvr nq bv Ave`yj Kwi‡gi| wPivqZ evDj`k©‡bi GB
KvVv‡gv‡Z MíwU cvV Ki‡Z †M‡j †h AvL¨vb cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z †`Lv hvq Ñ msmviweevMx evDj
Ave`yj Kwig Zvi wPišÍb A‡š^lY Ñ g‡bi gvbyl Ñ †kdvwj †eM‡gi nq‡Zv AvKw¯§K mv¶vr
cvqI; wKš‘ ZLb Zvi g‡bi AbyiY‡b Zv cwiùzU nq bv †h, †kdvwjB Zvi g‡bi gvbyl| hLb
†m Rxe‡bi GKch©v‡q Abyaveb K‡i †h, †kdvwj †eMg Zvi g‡bi gvbyl Ges Zvi Kv‡QB Zvi
hvIqv DwPZ ZLb †m Zvi †i‡L hvIqv wVKvbv a‡i †kdvwji Kv‡Q †cu․Q‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ evDj-
mvabc×wZi RwUjZvi g‡ZvB RwUj Zvi c‡_i weeiY| †mB weeiY a‡i hw`I ev wKQy`~i
hvIqv hvq wKš‘ †klch©šÍ †cu․Qv‡bvi •ah© ev ¶gZv †m iv‡L bv ev ivL‡Z e¨_© nq| djZ
Kvw•ÿZ cowki `k©b cvIqv hvq bv; Ges †mB bv cvIqv †_‡KB †e`bvcywÄZ nq ü`‡q, †mLvb
†_‡KB †e‡R I‡V Mvb Ñ †Kv_vq cve Zv‡i Avgvi g‡bi gvbyl †h †i|

Avgv‡`i eKzj

ÔAvgv‡`i eKzjÕ knx`yj Rvwn‡ii Kv‡Q wbZvšÍB GKRb eKz‡ji Mí bq| GB eKzj GKKfv‡e
Kv‡iv Kb¨v, Kv‡iv cZœxi cwiP‡qi wWw½ †cwi‡q hLb ÔAvgv‡`iÕ n‡q hvq, ZLb Gi we‡klZ¡
m„wó nq| wØZxq ch©v‡q knx`yj Rwni mgwói m‡½hy³ K‡i Mí iPbv K‡ib, ZLb †Kv‡bv
e¨w³MZ welq Avi wbZvšÍ wbw`©ó cvwievwiK Ave‡n Ave× _v‡K bv Ñ cÖhy³ nq mgwói m‡½|
d‡j Avgv‡`i eKzj Avgv‡`i mevi| M‡íi AvKvjy †hgb eKz‡ji m‡½ hy³, †Zgwb AvKvjy gy³
gv‡Vi Kg©x-gvbyl‡`i m‡½; gv‡Vi gvbyl¸‡jv Avevi hy³ Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m‡½: djZ Av‡ivnx-

78
Ae‡ivnx hyw³Áv‡b GB mg¯Í RbZvi m‡½ eKz‡ji bvwo mshy³| Kvh©Z †m ïay AvKvjyi Kb¨v
eKzj bq Ñ Avgv‡`i Kb¨v-fwMbxZzj¨ eKzj|

GB M‡í Avgv‡`i eKzj‡K ÔAvgv‡`iÕ fve‡Z wM‡q `ywU welq cwi”Qbœfv‡e dz‡U I‡V:

1| eKzj‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m nviv‡bvi wPišÍb †e`bv|

2| ÔAvgv‡`iÕ kãwUi mgvR¯ÍwiK †PZbv|
M‡í knx`yj Rwni K…lK AvKvjy I dv‡Zgvi N‡i †h Kb¨v eKzj‡K M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb wkíxi g‡Zv
K‡i; evj¨Kvj †_‡K †e‡o DV‡Z DV‡Z †m n‡q hvq Avgv‡`iB (cvVK‡`i) Kb¨v¯^iƒc| gv-
nviv mšÍvbØq iƒcK_vi Q‡j hLb †e‡o I‡V, ZLb Zv‡`i wcZv wn‡m‡e, m½x wn‡m‡e, `yt†Li
fvMx`vi wn‡m‡e cvV‡Ki wPË-AbyMvgx nq ; wKš‘ M‡íi †k‡l hLb wel wccuovi `j †L‡q hvq
eKzj‡K ZLb Avgv‡`i Kb¨vi Rb¨, Avgv‡`i m½xi Rb¨ †e`bvi Dw`ª³ nq ü`‡q| e¨w³ eKzj
nvnvKvi RvMvq Avgv‡`i eKzj n‡q|

†jLK knx`yj Rwni GKwU K…wlwfwËK AvavmvgšÍxq mgvRKvVv‡gvi f~wg¯úk©x gvby‡li AvL¨vb
iPbv K‡i‡Qb GM‡í| †hLv‡b evisevi welwcucoviv iƒcK n‡q i³-gvsmwjáy †kvl‡Ki `j
†kvlY K‡i hvq cÖK…wZjMœ Drcv`b-m¤ú„³ gvbyl‡`i; AwZ-mij AvKvjy‡`i cvwievwiK-gvbwmK
¯^w¯Í wb‡q hviv Avb›` jy‡U †bq A‡c¶vK…Z PZziZvq; †hLv‡b dv‡Zgvi kvixwiK †m․›`h© †jnb
K‡i mevB, †hLv‡b nVvr dv‡Zgv A`„k¨ n‡q hvq †Kv‡bv kixiwjáy ¶gZvev`xi ÔA‡j․wKKÕ
(mvaviY hyw³i evB‡i) Kg©Kv‡Ð, †mLv‡b †mB NUbv Ab¨w`‡K †gvo †bIqv‡bvUv cwicv‡k©¦i
gvby‡li wbË‣bwgwËK Avb‡›`i e¨vcvi| †mLv‡b AvKvjy Zv‡`i wPšÍv I Kíbvi Øviv cwiPvwjZ|
†mLv‡b wkïi gv- nviv‡bvUv eo cÖm½ bq; gg©R¡vjv ev‡o hw` †m gv‡qi g‡Zv †h․ebeZx n‡q
I‡V| †mLv‡b we‡kølYnxbfv‡e bvixi g„Zz¨i KviY †`Lv‡bv hvq welwcucov‡K Ñ knx`yj Rwni
†mB f~wgR gvby‡li Rxeb‣eK‡j¨i ¯^iƒc Gu‡K‡Qb G-M‡í|

A‡bKUv †Q‡j-fyjv‡bv Qovi fw½gv knx`yj Rwni G-M‡í e¨envi K‡i MíwU‡K cÖPj
†QvUM‡íi eqbfw½ †_‡K c„_K K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| M‡íi cwiPh©vq me©Î Ges eY©bvfw½i cÖwZwU
ev‡K¨ wZwb g~Z© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb evsjvi cÖvPxb K_bfw½wU‡K| dv‡Zgv nVvr wb‡LuvR n‡j hLb
mšÍv‡biv gv‡K †Luv‡R ZLb AvKvjy †h fw½‡Z LyuR‡Z wb‡`©k †`q Zv‡Z †jvKQovi ‡SvuK
my¯úó:

79
 †hw`b dv‡Zgv wb‡LvuR nq, †mw`b mKv‡j A_ev `ycy‡i A_ev weKv‡j evwoi mK‡j hLb
eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, dv‡Zgv‡K A‡bKÿY n‡jv †`Lv hv‡”Q bv, Zviv, evwoi †jv‡Kiv, AvKvjy
eKzj Ges Avwgi †nv‡mb Zv‡K Pviw`‡K †Lvu‡R|
AvKvjy e‡j, †`L‡Zv iv‡›` bvwK |
Zviv ivbœv N‡i hvq, †`‡L †h, ivbœv Ni Lv Lv Lvwj c‡o Av‡Q...
AvKvjy e‡j, †`L‡Zv †MvqvBj N‡i wKQz K‡i bvwK|52

GBfv‡e †LvuR Pj‡Z _v‡K; wKš‘ wbiæ‡Ïk dv‡Zgvi †Kv‡bv mÜvb †g‡j bv| dv‡Zgvi wbiæ‡Ïk
nIqvi g‡a¨ M‡íi PgrKvwiZ¡ †hgb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb †e`bv i‡q‡Q G-M‡í eKzj bv‡gi †g‡qwUi
wb‡LvuR n‡q hvevi g‡a¨| gvZv-Kb¨v `yR‡biB bvg-bv-Rvbv wcucovi Lv‡`¨ cwiYZ nq; Ges
knx`yj Rwni †kvl‡Yi cvi¤úh© a‡i iv‡Lb cyiælvbyµ‡g| GK A‡f`¨ †kvlYRv‡j Ave× GB
cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li Rxe‡bi `ytLMv_v knx`yj Rwni Pig wbivmw³mn Zz‡j Av‡bb| GK Awbw`©ó
wbqwZi g‡Zv Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †gv‡o †gv‡o kÎæi emevm| iƒc-†h․e‡bi †h Awfkvc
†b‡g G‡mwQ‡jv dv‡Zgvi fv‡M¨, gvÎB iRt¯^jv Kb¨v eKz‡ji RxebI †mB Awfkv‡c †kl n‡q
hvq:

ZLb GKw`b gvPvi Ici ï‡q †m Zvi (eKz‡ji) †c‡Ui e¨_vUv †Ui cvq, e¨_v Aí Aí K‡i
ev‡o, Zvici Zvi g‡b nq †h, Zvi Zj‡cU wQu‡o †Mj; Ges ZLb eKz‡ji Kvco wf‡R hvq|
†m iv‡Z GK wenŸjZvi †fZi eKzj ivbœv N‡ii gvPv †_‡K †b‡g wfUvi wcQ‡b wewPKjvi
†Svu‡ci w`‡K hvq, †mLv‡b †m GKUv †gvUv KjvMv‡Qi †Mvov Rwo‡q a‡i gvwUi Ici KvZ
n‡q c‡o _v‡K, gv gv e‡j Kvu‡`; ZLb wewPKjv †Svu‡ci †fZi jvj wcucov cÖZxÿvq wQj,
Zviv Zv‡`i wXwc †Q‡o D‡V Av‡m|
ciw`b mKv‡j MÖv‡gi hviv AvKvjyi wfUvi wcQb w`‡K hvq Zviv wewPKjvi †Sv‡ci
Kv‡Q eKz‡ji kvwo c‡o _vK‡Z †`‡L; mynvwmbxi jvj wcucov eKzj‡K †L‡q hvq|53

e¯‘Z, †fv‡Mi cÖejcÖZv‡ci Kv‡Q cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi Lv`¨ n‡q †eu‡P _vKvi AmnvqZ¡ I
†jvKwek¦v‡m DavI n‡q hvIqv m¤úwK©Z †h åvšÍ aviYv Zvi g~jv‡š^lY K‡i‡Qb knx`yj Rwni
GB MívL¨v‡b|

80
gnjøvq ev›`i Avãyj nvwj‡gi gv Ges Avgiv

Ôgnjøvq ev›`i Avãyj nvwj‡gi gv Ges AvgivÕ- MíwU GKvav‡i GKwU gnjøvi hy×Kvjxb
ev¯ÍeZvi Mí, †mB ev¯ÍeZvq gnjøvevmxi (Avgiv) mvgwMÖK cwiw¯’wZ eq‡bi Mí Ges †mB
gnjøvevmx‡`i GKRb Avãyj nvwj‡gi gv Kxfv‡e gyw³hy‡× mšÍvb Avãyj nvwjg‡K nvivq- †mB
fqvenZv I mvnwmKZvi Mí|

knx`yj Rwni wدÍwiK †K․k‡j MíwUi AvL¨vb wbg©v‡Y g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb| wZwb gnjøvq ev›`‡ii
Dcw¯’wZi msev` w`‡q Zv‡`i Drcv‡Zi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Ges ‡mB m~‡Î eûw`b c~‡e© gnjøv
ev›`inxb n‡q hvevi AZxZ †U‡b G‡b‡Qb| †mB AZx‡Zi cÖvmw½KZvq, 1971 m‡b Kxfv‡e
GB gnjøvi gvbyl I evb‡ii Dci cvwK¯Ívwb AvµgY I wbh©vZb Dcw¯’Z nqÑ e‡j‡Qb †mB Mí
| knx`yj Rwni †hb †mB ev¯ÍeZv †ivgš’‡bi DÏxcKiƒ‡c gnjøvq evb‡ii cybivMgb NUvb Ges
gvÎ `ywU evbi Avmvq GK ch©v‡q mn‡RB cÖwZfvZ nq †h, GB gnjøvq knx` Avãyj nvwjg Ges
Zvi `wqZv nvwmbv AvKZvi Sb©vi cÖwZiƒc‡K evbiØq GB gnjøvq Av‡m| G‡Z gnjøvq `yiK‡gi
cwic~Y©Zv Av‡m Ñ

1| nviv‡bv ¯^R‡bi k~b¨Zv c~Y©Zv cvq

2| nviv‡bv AZx‡Zi Av‡gv`cÖ`vqK evbi‡kªwY wd‡i G‡m GB bvMwiK Rxe‡bi gnjøvq wdwi‡q
wb‡q Av‡m ¯^w¯Íi Dcj¶; †hgbUv AZx‡Z wQj|

†jLK, gnjøvi gvby‡li mvgwóK •PZ‡b¨ evb‡ii HwZnvwmKKvj †_‡K mRxe Dcw¯’wZ wQ‡jv,
Ges GKvËi m‡bi gyw³hy‡×i fqvenZvq evb‡ii Abvwej gnjøvRxeb wech©¯Í n‡q wejxb n‡q
wM‡qwQj wKQzKv‡ji Rb¨ Ñ GB `yBwU m~Î GKxf~Z K‡i GB M‡íi cøU mvwR‡q‡Qb| gyw³hy‡×i
ci wecbœ evbi cÖRvwZ cybivq wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’vb •Zwi Ki‡j gnjøvevmxi g‡b wbqZ Kvh©Ki
n‡Z _v‡K cyi‡bv ¯§„wZ| knx`yj Rwni †mB ¯§„wZm~Î e¨eenv‡ii c~‡e© gnjøvq evb‡i-gvby‡l
cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i aib AvuK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb M‡íi ïiæi ev‡K¨:
f~‡Zi Mwji †jv‡Kiv evbi wb‡q e¨¯Í _v‡KÕ Zviv †`qv‡ji Ici A_ev `~‡i Qv‡Zi Kvwb©‡k
†jR Szwj‡q e‡m _vKv GB L‡qwi i‡Oi Rv‡bvqv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q wPrKvi K‡i, ev›`i ev›`i,
IB †h ev›`i|54

81
evb‡ii GB `„k¨ gnjøvevmx‡`i `~iZi AZxZ †_‡K i³v³ ¯§„wZmg~n RvwM‡q †Zv‡j, ÒZLb
nq‡Zv KL‡bv f~‡Zi Mwji †jv‡Kiv gyw³hy‡×i K_v e‡j, nq‡Zv RwUj mg‡qi †fZi Kvwnj
n‡q weiw³i m‡½ e‡j|Ó55 Z‡e †hfv‡eB Zviv ejyK, GKvËi fqven ¯§„wZ Zv‡`i ¯§iYc‡U
hyMcrfv‡e `ytL I AR©‡bi NUbv n‡q †eu‡P _v‡K| d‡j m‡½ m‡½B Zviv †mB NUbvq
IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ Avãyj nvwjg‡K ¯§iY K‡i:
hLb 25 Zvwi‡Li iv‡Z bqvevRv‡ii Kv‡Vi †Mvjv cyo‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb f~‡Zi Mwj Zvi
evB‡i _v‡K bv; f~‡Zi Mwj‡ZI AeavwiZiƒ‡c GKvËi mb †b‡g Av‡m Ges ZLb Avãyj
nvwjg GB mg‡qi cvKP‡µ aiv c‡o|Ó56
djZ MíwU Avi evbi‡Kw›`ªK †e‡o I‡V bv| 1971 m‡b cvK‡mbv‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q
gvbyl I evbi GKB †kÖwYfz³ n‡q hvq| ZvB Ògnjøvi †jv‡Kiv e‡j †h, f~‡Zi Mwj‡Z Av‡MI
evbi wQj| hviv gnjøvi cyivZb evwm›`v Zviv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, GKmgq Zviv gnjøvq A‡bK
evbi †`‡L‡QÓ57, knx`yj Rwni GB M‡íi g‡a¨ †Q` Av‡bb gyw³hy‡×i fqven-¯§„wZi ga¨eZ©x
Kv‡ji gva¨‡g| hy×Kv‡j gvby‡li m‡½ evbiI gnjøv Qvov n‡q †M‡j GB cwiwPZ `„‡k¨ †Q`
N‡U| Zvici eûw`b ci evbi wd‡i G‡j gnjøvevmxi mvgwóK fvebvq cyi‡bv ¯§„wZmn eû NUbv
Kvh©Ki nq| †jLK GB Kvh©KviYm~Î e¨envi K‡i MíwUi evwK Ask eY©bv K‡ib| ga¨eZ©x †mB
AskUzKz 1971 m‡bi gyw³hy×, Avãyj nvwjg, Zvi gv Ges gnjøvi Ab¨mK‡ji mw¤§wjZ Kvwnwb|
hy×PjvKv‡j gnjøvi K‡jR-co–qv †Q‡j Avãyj nvwj‡gi †cÖg, cjvqb I g„Zz¨ Mfxifv‡e `vM
Kv‡U mK‡ji g‡b| Zvi gv‡qi AvnvRvwi‡Z me©`v `M`‡M Nv n‡q _vKv †mBme NUbv Zvi
we¯§„Z n‡Z cv‡i bv; Ges gnjøvq evb‡ii cybivMgb NU‡j †mB ¯§„wZ ZvRv n‡q I‡V| Zviv
†hb gnjøvq bZzb Avmv GK †Rvov evb‡ii g‡a¨ Avãyj nvwjg I nvwmbv AvKZvi SY©v‡K
†`L‡Z cvq| kÎæi mwbœav‡b †h †cÖg i‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv Ac~Y©, evbi؇qi Db¥vZvj †cÖgev‡b
gnjøvevmx‡`i g‡b Zv †hb c~Y©Zi Aeqe †c‡Z _v‡K| bMiwK¬ó Rxe‡b GKUz cÖkvwšÍ jv‡fi
my‡hvM G‡b †`q evbi-`¤úwZ:
gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv †KD †KD KL‡bv evbi †`Lvi Rb¨ GLjvmDwχbi evmvq hvq, Pvi Zjvi
Qv‡Z D‡V `~‡i dLiæj‡`i wmuwoN‡ii Ici evbi `y‡Uv‡K `vcv`vwc Ki‡Z †`‡L; Zv‡`i ZLb
Lye Av‡gv` nq|58
RbRxe‡b Rxebv¯^v`jv‡fi cybivKv•ÿv-RvMvwbqv GB MíwU‡Z knx`yj Rwni e¯‘Z mg‡qi
mxgvbv †f‡O‡Qb| eZ©gvbKvj I 1971-Gi ¯§„wZevwnZ AZxZ- G-`y¯‡Í ii mgq knx`yj Rwni

82
Ggb gywÝqvbvq GKxf~Z K‡i‡Qb †h, KvjMZ H‡K¨i cÖPjfw½ GLv‡b gyûg©yû †f‡O c‡o‡Q;
Z`ycwi, •PZb¨cÖevnixwZ‡K K‡i‡Qb mgwói ¯§„wZgš’‡b iƒcvšÍi, d‡j †mB mgqweb¨v‡mi
†K․k‡j G‡m‡Q bZzb gvÎv| •PZb¨cÖevnixwZ‡Z mg‡qi Djøçb `„k¨gvb Ges Zv c„_KKiY
mnRZi n‡jI knx`yj Rwn‡ii fw½ wKwÂr ew¼g I RwUjZvµvšÍ| Z‡e Gme we‡ePbvi evB‡i
wM‡q ïay bvgKi‡Yi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡jB G-mZ¨ cÖZxqgvb n‡e †h, gvbyl I wfbœ cÖvYxi
¯^vfvweK †gje܇b †jLK GK †Mvôxe× Rxe‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb; Ôgnjøvq ev›`i, Avãyj nvwj‡gi
gv Ges AvgivÕ wk‡ivbv‡g hv mse× iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q|

B›`yi-wejvB †Ljv

ÔB›`yi-wejvB †LjvÕ MíwU mgv‡Ri BwZnvm ïay bq, mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡mi mycÖvPxb ¶gZvKvVv‡gvi
iƒcKx Av‡qvR‡b ficyi| mgqveZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ †mB †Ljv †h AbšÍKvj a‡i Pjgvb _vK‡e
(ïay PwiÎ e`j n‡e) †mB gvK©mxq wPišÍbZv Abyaveb K‡iB knx`yj Rwni MíwU iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Z`ycwi, eqb‣ewkó¨MZ Awfbe‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y MíwU ¯^Zš¿ gh©v`v I Av‡jvPbvi
`vwe`vi| knx`yj Rwni evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨Ìv‡bi cðv‡Z GKai‡bi †kvl‡Yi iƒcK_v wbg©vY
Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb B›`yi-wejvB †Ljvi Avov‡j| memgq-B †kvlK‡K weov‡ji ¯’jvwfwl³ I
†kvwlZ‡K Bu`y‡ii cÖZx‡K cÖKvk K‡i wZwb GKwU †Ljvi wbqg wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Ñ †hwU wek¦e¨vcx
†kvlK-†kvwl‡Zi Øvw›ØK µxovgq ev¯ÍeZv‡K Zz‡j a‡i|

mgv‡R-mf¨Zvq wbZ¨cÖengvb GB Øvw›ØK µxovi Drm wn‡m‡e wZwb gnjøvi M‡í evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hyׇK m¤ú„³ K‡i‡Qb; djZ MíwU GKwU gnjøvi wbQK Af¨šÍixY welq wn‡m‡e _v‡Kwb,
GKwU RvwZi BwZnv‡mi m‡½ Gi DrcwËi Kvj-mgxf~Z n‡q‡Q| ÔB›`yi wejvB †LjvÕ MíwU‡Z
LÐLÐ wP‡Î (A‡bKUvB ga¨hyMxq Kv‡e¨i AvL¨vb MV‡bi ev wbg©v‡Yi †K․kj Aej¤^‡b) GKwU
gnjøvi †kvlYwPÎ Zz‡j ai‡jI, mvgwMÖKfv‡e gyw³hy× I ZrcieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi
AvL¨vb G‡Z mv½xK…Z K‡i‡Qb knx`yj Rwni|

Mí¯’ KvVv‡gv‡Z wZwb B›`yi-wejvB †Ljvi mvZwU bgybv-AvL¨vb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b B›`yi
A_©vr †kvwlZiv mevB GB gnjøvi AšÍf©y³, wfbœ wePv‡i, mevB evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK|
bgybv¸‡jv‡Z hLb B›`yi I wejvB‡qi cvi¯úwiK †Ljvi eY©bv †`qv nq, ZLb †hb ÿz`ªvqZ‡b

83
†jLK cy‡iv evsjv‡`k‡KB Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| ¯^vaxbZv-c~e© I cieZ©xKvj wg‡j Gme
AvL¨vbvs‡ki e¨vwßKvj; Z‡e †L‡jvqvo I mgq we‡ePbvq Gi †h †Kv‡bv wbw`©óZv †bB Ges
†mB †Ljv †h †Kej wejvB‡qi B”Qv-wbf©i †Ljv †mwUI †jLK M‡íi †k‡l gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb:

GB †Ljvi †kl bvB, †L‡jvqv‡oi †kl Av‡Q; †L‡jvqvo †Ljv †Q‡o hvq, wKš‘ †LBj Rvwi
_v‡K| D‡jøL¨ †h, evjK‡`i †Ljv Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †Ljvi †ÿ‡Î... †Kej wejvBiv B”Qv K‡i
†Ljv †Q‡o †h‡Z cv‡i, B›`yiiv cv‡i bv; wejvB †Lj‡Z PvB‡j B›`yi‡K †Lj‡Z n‡e|59

e¯‘Z, mn‡R Aby‡gq †h, wek¦-ivRbxwZi `Lj`vix g‡bve„wË, DËi-mv¤ªvR¨ev` Ges ¯’vbxq
kvmbKvVv‡gvi †fvMcÖe„wˇK †jLK Zvui GB M‡íi KvVv‡gvfz³ K‡i‡Qb e³‡e¨i wekvj‡Z¡|
evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy× Kv‡`i‡K weov‡j Avi Kv‡`i‡K Bu`y‡i iƒcvšÍi K‡i, ¯^vaxbZv
AR©‡bi ci †mB weov‡ji ¯’jvwfwl³ Kviv nq Ges Bu`yi †kÖwY Kvjci¤úivq Kxfv‡e
g~wlKRxe‡bi eva¨Zvg~jK Rxebvev` K‡i, †mB KóK_vB knx`yj Rwni G-M‡íi gg©g~‡j
†cÖvw_Z K‡i‡Q|

cvkvcwk, B›`yi-wejvB †Ljvi Mí¯’‡j wZwb GB †Ljvi DrcwËKvj I ZrmvgwqK NUbvmg~n,

gvby‡li RxebvPvi; we‡kl ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z b‡ev™¢~Z weovj †kªwY Ges mgvRvf¨šÍ‡ii
B›`yi †kªwYi Mí Zz‡j G‡b GKwU `xN©Kvj-cwimxgvq MwVZ, mgvRKvqvq †kvl‡Yi AcwiewZ©Z
bxwZi Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb| AbšÍKvj a‡i G-†Ljv Pj‡Z _vK‡e Ñ Ggb e³e¨ w`‡q wZwb
GKwU Avengvb mvgvwRK mZ¨‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|

cÖ_g eqvb

GKwU hyM‡ji N‡U hvIqv AZx‡Zi †ivgvÂKi †cÖgm¤ú‡K©i ¯§„wZevwnZ AvL¨vb ÔcÖ_g eqvbÕ|
Pwjøk eQi ci e„× Ave`yi ingv‡bi nVvr Pwjøk eQi Av‡Mi ¯§„wZKvZiZv, GKwU PzbgvLv-
j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i m~Î a‡i Kvwnwbi gyL Ly‡j †`q| cvV‡Ki mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m Zvi •K‡kv‡i N‡U
hvIqv Ac~Y© †cÖ‡gi m¤¢ve¨ Kvwnwb| gnjøvi mywdqv Av³v‡ii mv‡_ †cÖ‡gi m¤¢vebv RvMvwbqv
dz‡ji Wv‡ji Av`vb-cÖ`vb I ZwbœwnZ †cÖgfvebvi wejw¤^Z Abyaveb G-M‡íi g~j im`|
Kxfv‡e gyw³hy×-c~e©eZx dz‡ji Wv‡ji NUbv ïaygvÎ j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i evwZ R¡vjv‡bv †`Lvi
Avb‡›`i Avov‡j jywK‡q _v‡K Ges Kxfv‡e hy×Kv‡j GKB RvqMvq AvkÖqcÖvß mywdqv Av³vi I
84
Avãyi ingv‡bi inm¨gq e³‡e¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb GKwU †cÖgmviwY M‡o †Zv‡j †mB Kvwnwb Ges
I mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZi ev¯ÍeZvq †mB †cÖg P~ovšÍ mvdj¨ jv‡f e¨_© nq Kxfv‡e, †mB MíB
AvL¨vbKvi knx`yj Rwni K‡i‡Qb ÔcÖ_g eqvbÕ-G|

e¯‘Z, GwU e„× Ave`yi ingv‡bi GKcÖKvi gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍ A‡š^lY; AZx‡Zi AÜKvi †_‡K
†RvbvwKi wSjwgj Av‡jvi g‡Zv ¯§„wZ †ivgš’‡bi Mí| †m mgq nq‡Zv mywdqvi m‡½ Ave`yi
ingv‡bi cÖYqMZ e¨vcvi wKQyB N‡Uwb wKš‘ LvwbK m¤¢ve¨Zvi m‡½ cÖv‡Yi †hvM NwU‡q G-Mí
m„wó K‡i‡Q †m wb‡Ri †fZi| djZ, cv‡bi †`vKvwb Bw`ªm Avwj hLb mywdqv †eM‡gi Aw¯ÍZ¡
wb‡q mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z hvq, ZLb †m mywdqvi ¯’‡j kvwggvi bvg D”PviY K‡i Ges wfbœ
†K․k‡j AvL¨vb euvK wb‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i wfbœ m¤¢vebvi w`‡K:

Bw`ªm Avwji e¨vcviUv eyS‡Z hvici bvB Kó nq, †m weåvšÍ nqv c‡o; mywcqv bv, GUv wQj
kvwwggv !n‡Z cv‡i, bq †Kb?60

GB evavcÖvwßi ci, Avãyi ingv‡bi mv‡_ GZvw`b Rwg‡q †Zvjv M‡íi PwiÎ e`j n‡q hvq;
wKš‘ NUbv-ci¤úiv _v‡K Awfbœ| ïay bvg cwieZ©b K‡i, Bw`ªm Avwj mywcqvi ¯’‡j kvwggv ev
myjZvbv ev Ab¨ †h Kv‡ivi Mí Kíbv K‡i, Ges MíwU ïiæ nq cÖ_g eqvbK…Z M‡íi Av`‡jB:

A‡bKw`b Av‡M nq‡Zv Avãyi ingvb Ges Aveyj †nv‡mb gw›`‡ii eviv›`vq jyw½ Avi nvZvKvUv
†MwÄ c‡i e‡m wQj, ZLb mܨv †ejv †Rvocy‡ji w`K †_‡K Zvi Av¤§v A_ev `vw` Av¤§vi
m‡½ kvwggv, nq‡Zv kvwggv †eMg A_ev myjZvbv, nv‡Z eo mvB‡Ri GKUv Rv¤^yiv wb‡q †nu‡U
Av‡m|61

Bw`ªm Avwji Dci weZ…òvekZ AvL¨v‡bi euvK I PwiÎ cwieZ©b K‡i Zvi †h Qwe Avãyi ingvb
•Zwi K‡i, Zv n‡q hvq A‡bKUvB cÖ_g eqv‡bi mywdqvi eqv‡bi g‡Zv Ñ G‡ZB cÖ_g eqv‡bi
†g․wjKZ¡ wbw`©ó nq| †jLK †mB †g․wjK‡Z¡i w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i M‡íi bvg K‡i‡Qb Ges ¸iæZ¡
w`‡q‡Qb ÔcÖ_g eqvbÕ-Gi Dci|

Zrm‡½ knx`yj Rwni GwUI †`Lv‡Z m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb †h, Mí R‡g I‡V gvby‡li g‡b ; GKwU
Type a‡i G¸‡jv LvwbKUv Gw`K- †mw`K K‡i evbv‡bv m¤¢e eû¸Y eqvb| wKš‘ cÖ_g eqv‡bi

Type-GB M‡o I‡V cieZ©x mKj M‡íi kixi| †hb KvVv‡gvev`x Q‡K †d‡jB mywdqvi ¯’‡j

85
ïiæ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i kvwggv ev myjZvbvi Mí| Kvh©Z cÖ_g eqvbwUB KvVv‡gvMZfv‡e Avw` I
AK…wÎg| cÖ_g eqv‡bi Avãyi ingvb I mywdqv Av³v‡ii eqvb ZvB †g․wjKKvVv‡gv wb‡`©kx|

Wjy b`xi nvIqv

ÔWjy b`xi nvIqvÕ MíwU G-MÖ‡š’i bvgMí| knx`yj Rwn‡ii PÆMÖvg Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvi cÖZ¨¶
wkícÖgvY G-MíwU| iƒcK_vi M‡íi g‡Zv †jvK‡gvwUd-mg„× Mí ÔWjy b`xi nvIqvÕ| wKQz
k‡Z©i m‡½ wek¦v‡mi kw³ I `ye©jZvi inm¨‡Niv wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ G-M‡íi KvVv‡gv|

•Zgyi Avjx I GjvwPs Ii‡d mgZ©evbyi kZ©wfwËK `v¤úZ¨Rxe‡bi wbqwZmv‡c‡¶ wU‡K _vKv
Ges Mí‡k‡l †mB k‡Z©i fvO‡j •Zgyi Avwji g„Zz¨ Ges m¤¢veevK¨mg~‡n †mB k‡Z©i
AKvh©KvwiZv cÖgv‡Yi ci •Zgy‡ii g„Zz¨i KviYwb‡q M‡o IVv Ríbv-Kíbvi wfwËc͇֯ii Dci
M‡íi †`qvj Zz‡j‡Qb knx`yj Rwni| Zrcwi‡cÖw¶‡Z MíwU n‡q D‡V‡Q †cÖ‡gi-؇›Øi Ñ †cÖg I
؇›Øi wg‡k‡j M‡o IVv in‡m¨i Avavi|

RwmgDwÏb Ii‡d RBm&m¨v KivwZ Ges AvivKvb-Kb¨v AO‡gwPs-Gi GKgvÎ Kb¨v, iƒceZx
GjvwPs‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m •Zgyi Avjx Rxe‡bi GK Avg„Zz¨ Pjgvb cixÿvi gy‡LvgywL nq Ges g„Zz¨
ch©šÍ Zv Zvi m½x n‡qB _v‡K| KivwZ-Kb¨v GjvwPs‡K cQ›` K‡i Zv‡K cvevi Rb¨ •Zgyi
cvjb K‡i bv Ggb †Kv‡bv kZ© evwK _v‡K bv| mg‡Z©i †cÖwgK myiZ Rvgvj‡K PvjvwK‡Z eva¨
K‡i Ab¨Î mwi‡q †`q cÖ_gZ †m; AZtci fqsKi dvu` cvwo w`‡q, wb‡Ri ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI
†m AvcvZZ Rq K‡i mgZ© evby‡K| wb‡Ri cQ‡›`i gvbyl‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †`evi cÖwZ‡kva
AvRxeb †bq mgZ©, •Zgy‡ii KvQ †_‡K; evmi ivZ †_‡KB †m AeZxY© nq †mB †Ljvq, `ywU
weovj wb‡q evmi N‡i †XvKvi kZ© †g‡bI †m wb¯Ívi cvq bv| Zvi Rb¨ Dcweó `yB cv‡Îi
Lvevi †L‡q GKwU weovj evu‡P Ab¨wU g‡I hvq| Zvi DrKÉv Pig ch©v‡q DbœxZ nq hLb, †m
†`‡L †h, GjvwPs Zvi Rb¨I Avjv`v `yBwU Møv‡m kieZ †i‡L‡Q| †m cixÿvq c‡o hvq Ges
g„Zz¨-ch©šÍ †m AcivwRZ †_‡K, †klch©šÍ wb‡RB in‡m¨i Rv‡j aiv †`q Ges g„Zz¨eiY K‡i|
†Ljvi ïiæUv †jLK eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e:

AZtci •Zgyi Avwj hLb cvwb LvIqvi Rb¨ †Uwe‡ji Kv‡Q hvq †m †`‡L †h, `y‡Uv Møv‡m cvwb
f‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| ZLb Zvi D‡ËRbv †b‡g Av‡m Ges †m †LjvUv‡K †g‡b †bq|62

86
mgZ©evby ev GjvwPs‡qi GKgvÎ a¨vb-Ávb †mB cixÿv MÖn‡Yi KvR‡K †K›`ª K‡i| AvivKvb
i‡³i DËivwaKvi GB Kb¨v Zvi inm¨gqZv GKw`‡bi Rb¨I cwi®‥vi K‡i bv •Zgy‡ii Kv‡Q;
gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv wnivi AvswUi †Mvcb gviYv¯¿ w`‡q †m cixÿv wb‡ZB _v‡K Zvi|
Ab¨w`‡K, DËivwaKvi‡`i wb‡q A‡j․wKKfv‡e †eu‡P _v‡K •Zgyi; wKš‘ †klch©šÍ •ah©Pz¨wZ N‡U
Ges †m g„Zz¨‡K eiY K‡i †bq:

e¯‘Z GjvwPs‡qi GKvwaKevi weovj gviv m‡Ë¡I nxivi AvwswUi welqUv nq‡Zv •Zgyi Avwji
wek¦vm nq bvB, we‡kl K‡i hLb cÖvq Pwjøk eQi hver GB †Ljv P‡j Ges mwVK MøvmUv wP‡b
wb‡Z Zvi GKeviI fzj nq bv, ZLb Zvi m‡›`n GKiKg wek¦v‡m `vuwo‡q hvq Ñ Zvi g‡b nq
†h, †Kv_vI RvwiRywi Av‡Q, GjvwPs Av‡MI wg_¨v e‡j‡Q nq‡Zv GL‡bv e‡j| wKš‘ GB
m‡›`‡ni Rb¨ A_ev Ae‡k‡l K¬všÍ n‡q wKsev nq‡Zv wccvmvi Kvi‡YB (†m) `yBUv Møv‡mi me
cvwb †L‡q (g„Zz¨eiY K‡i)|63

wek¦v‡mi †Ljvq •Zgy‡ii •ah©Pz¨wZ Zv‡K g„Zz¨i Kv‡Q mgc©Y K‡i| MíwU Rwg‡q Zzj‡Z †jLK
GjvwPs PwiÎwU‡K M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb Ggb GK Qvu‡P, †hUv Zvi AvivKvwb gv- †_‡K cvIqv| knx`yj
Rwni wek¦v‡mi AÜKviZg †h-w`KUv‡K Ôms¯‥viÕ e‡j, †mB ms¯‥vi‡K g~j †gvwUd wn‡m‡e G-
M‡í e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| •Zgy‡ii mvsmvwiK Rxe‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i †ivcY K‡i‡Qb †mB ms¯‥v‡ii
exR| gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv wn‡ii AvswUwU †mB ms¯‥vi-¯§viK| M‡íi †k‡l cy·K wb‡q
cixÿv K‡i GjvwPs‡qi åvwšÍ nq‡Zv Kv‡U wKš‘ Pwjøk eQ‡ii hveZxq NUbvq †h AvswU
Kvh©Kifv‡e wewfbœ cixÿvq e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Zvi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v‡hvM¨ DËi †g‡j bv| knx`yj
Rwni Rxe‡bi †mB Ae¨vL¨vZ Av‡e`b‡KB M‡íi g~‡j cÖwZ¯’vwcZ K‡i‡Qb|

87
Z_¨wb‡`©k:

1. 1975 †_‡K 1991Ñ wb‡R‡K GKUz GKUz K‡i e`‡j‡Qb GB †jLK| Zvui fvlv n‡q D‡V‡Q µg-
inm¨gq, KznwK|Ñ wKbœi ivq | m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’;
cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv; 2010; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 203|

2. Avngv` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj‡K †`qv GK mvÿvrKv‡i knx`yj Rwni ¯úó e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb G-e¨vcv‡i:
ÒAvgvi eY©bvq †h mvgwóK eY©bvfw½i e¨envi, †mUv †h Kxfv‡e n‡q‡Q, Zv wVK ej‡Z cvi‡ev bv|
Rxeb I ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv wjL‡Z wM‡q GUv n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ
597|

3. ÒRv`yev¯ÍeZvi e¨vcviUv †Zv Avwg gv‡K©‡Ri KvQ †_‡K †c‡qwQ| Ges GUv Avwg MÖnY K‡iwQ `y‡Uv
Kvi‡Y| cÖ_gZ, wPšÍvi ev Kíbvi †h MÖnY‡hvM¨ cwiwa †mUv A‡bK we¯Í…Z n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avwg g‡b
Kwi| ... wØZxqZ, Avwg Avm‡j eY©bvq UvBg‡d«gUv‡K fvO‡Z Pvw”Qjvg Ges mg‡qi GKZj †_‡K
Ab¨Z‡j Abvqv‡m hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z Pvw”Qjvg| wKš‘ Uª¨vwWkbvj avivq Avwg Zv cviwQjvg bv| ...
Avgvi mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨B Avwg Rv`yev¯ÍeZv e¨envi Ki‡Z ïiæ Kwi, KviY
Rv`yev¯ÍeZvq G my‡hvM Av‡Q|Ó Ñ Avngv` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj KZ©„K M„nxZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii mvÿvrKvi|
m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 596-597|

4. ÒAvwg g‡b Kwi †h, Avgvi M‡íi †ÿ‡Î (HwZn¨) †hUzKz G‡m‡Q †mUzKz nj •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& Ges
•mq` kvgmyj nK| ... KviY •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i †jLvi cÖfve Avwg •mq` n‡K †`wL| †mLvb †_‡KB
cvwU©Kzjviwj Avwg `Lj Kwi|Ó Ñ Avi †K iwb KZ©„K M„nxZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii mvÿvrKvi| Ñ m~Î:
cÖv¸³; c„ôv 622|

5. Òcvivcv‡ii Mí¸‡jv‡Z...mgv‡Ri ewÂZ‡`i K_v mivmwi ejvi, we‡`ªv‡ni Ges Rxeb‡K Rqx
†`Lv‡bvi GKUv e¨vcvi Av‡Q, cÖeYZv Av‡Q| ... c‡i Avwg c×wZMZfv‡e m‡i †MwQ, GLb Avgvi
g‡b nq ... Rxeb Rq Ges civR‡qi PvB‡Z eo wKQz, mvwn‡Z¨i KvR GB Rxeb‡K avi‡Yi †Póv
Kiv| Ñ Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi KZ©„K M„nxZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii mvÿvrKvi| m~Î: cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 566-
567|

6. ÒGB ÔAvgivÕ gnjøvevmxB|... GUv n‡”Q GK ai‡bi c×wZ †hLv‡b eY©bv I Ges Kvwnbx •Zwii
¯^vaxbZv †bqv, RbkÖæwZi Ici wbf©i Kiv ev RbkÖæwZ‡K e¨envi Kivi †h myweav, †mUv‡K e¨envi
Kiv|Ó Ñ Avngv` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj KZ©„K M„nxZ knx`yj Rwn‡ii mvÿvrKvi| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi
ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 594|

7. Wjy b`xi nvIqv : Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv; 2004|

88
8. AvMviMvuI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dyj †bB †Kb : Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx,
XvKv; 1999

9. cÖv¸³

10. cÖv¸³

11. cÖv¸³

12. cÖv¸³

13. cÖv¸³

14. cÖv¸³

15. ÒmwZ¨ ej‡Z wK 1992-G cÖKvwkZ ÔKvVz‡i I `vuoKvKÕ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Ab¨ GK knx`yj Rwni‡K
Avgiv cvB| iƒcK_v A_ev cyivYK_vi †gvo‡K wZwb †`Lv‡Z Pvb wbôzi, Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK c„w_exi
bvbv AmyL|ÓÑ wKbœi ivq †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 203

16. `ªóe¨ Ñ wKbœi ivq| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 204

17. KvVz‡i I `vuoKvK : Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

18. cÖv¸³

19. cÖv¸³

20. cÖv¸³

21. cÖv¸³

22. cÖv¸³

23. cÖv¸³

24. cÖv¸³

25. cÖv¸³

26. Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl: Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

27. cÖv¸³

28. `ªóe¨ Ñ †gvnv¤§` AvRg: knx`yj Rwni: bexb exYvi cÖexY ev`K| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`;
cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 262

29. Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl: Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

30. cÖv¸³

31. cÖv¸³

89
32. cÖv¸³

33. KvRj kvn‡bIqvR: knx`yj Rwn‡ii Rb¨| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 325

34. GB mgq: Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

35. cÖv¸³

36. cÖv¸³

37. cÖv¸³

38. M‡íi ïiæ‡ZB †jLK M‡íi ivR‣bwZK †cÖÿvcU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ñ Òevsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci
Avwki `k‡K wØZxq mvgwiK kvm‡bi Kvj ïiæ nqÓ - knx`yj Rwni: KvuUv; cÖv¸³

39. KvuUv; cÖv¸³

40. Avgv‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvm : Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

41. cÖv¸³

42. knx`yj Rwni : AbyµgwYKv: ÔAvgv‡`i KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvmÕ cybgy©`ªY m¤ú‡K©| m~Î: Wjy b`xi nvIqv
I Ab¨vb¨ Mí: gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv; 2004

43. ay‡jvi w`‡b †div : Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

44. cÖv¸³

45. cÖv¸³

46. cÖv¸³

47. cÖv¸³

48. `ªóe¨: gnxeyj AvwRR; m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 102

49. `ªóe¨: Avngv` †gv¯Ívdv Kvgvj; cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 173

50. PZz_© gvÎv : Wygyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³

51. †Kv_vq cve Zv‡i : Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv| †deªæqvwi 2004; c„ôv Ñ
20-21

52. Avgv‡`i eKzj : Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí, cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 25

53. Avgv‡`i eKzj : cÖv¸³, c„ôv Ñ 39

54. gnjøvq ev›`i Avãyj nvwj‡gi gv Ges Avgiv: cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 40

55. cÖv¸³

56. cÖv¸³

90
57. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 41

58. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 55

59. B›`yi-wejvB †Ljv :Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 80

60. cÖ_g eqvb :Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 95

61. cÖv¸³

62. Wjy b`xi nvIqv : Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Abvb¨ Mí; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 100

63. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 111

91
 cÂg Aa¨vq

knx`yj Rwn‡ii Dcb¨vm: welq‰ewPΨ I cÖKiY

Rxeb I ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv

knx`yj nK †_‡K bvbvwea iƒcvšÍimn wkíx knx`yj Rwn‡ii AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U ÔRxeb I
ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨vmwUi gva¨‡g| ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i knx`yj nK GB Dcb¨v‡m †hb
G‡Kev‡i bZzb K‡i wb‡Ri ¯^Kxq wkíc_ A‡š^lY K‡i‡Qb; Ges ejvevûj¨, †m cÖ‡Póvq wZwb
Awemsev`x mvdj¨ †c‡q‡Qb| d‡j GB Dcb¨vmwU evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ welqeqb I
wkífv‡l¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q GKwU Abb¨ gvBjdjK| 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i fqven
AvL¨vbvsk I Zvi ¯§„wZZvwoZ Ave`yj gwR‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki Avwki `k‡K cwieZ©gvb
ivR‣bwZK KvVv‡gvi m‡½ wb‡R‡K †gjv‡Z bv †c‡i wb‡R‡K I wb‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K
evuPv‡bvi msKí †_‡K GjvKv †Q‡o P‡j hvevi AvL¨vb‡K g~j K‡i knx`yj Rwni evsjv‡`‡k
Z_v evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i GB Ab¨Zg †kÖô Dcb¨vmwU mvwR‡q‡Qb|GwU GKvav‡i n‡q D‡V‡Q
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg PjvKvjxb we`¨gvb b„ksmZvi eqvb; Zz‡j a‡i‡Q gyw³hy× I e½eÜz-
nZ¨v cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi †Lvj‡evj cwieZ©‡bi mgmvgwqK `wjj Ges †mB
cwieZ©‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× wek¦vmx, gyw³hy‡× m&&¦Rb nviv‡bv gvby‡li wPˇÿv‡fi gg©K_v I
cÖwZev‡`i AmvaviY wkí¯§viK| †mB m‡½ Avcmnxb evOvwji `„p †giæ`‡Ði cÖZ¨q`xß Aw¯Í‡Z¡i
AwePj g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki w`KwUI my¯úóiƒ‡c Zz‡j a‡i‡Q Dcb¨vmwU|

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q `xN© mgikvm‡bi mgq RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z gyw³hy× I
¯^vaxbZv-we‡ivax kw³ hLb wb‡R‡`i MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi
c_ Lyu‡R †eov‡”Q Ges ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿi kw³ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvI hLb
mvgwiK Ackvmb †_‡K gyw³i Av‡›`vj‡b Zv‡`i‡K RvqMv †Q‡o w`‡q ¸iæZ¡en K‡i Zzj‡Q,
knx`yj Rwni †mB mgqUv‡KB †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri Mí-D˜M‡gi Kvj wn‡m‡e| Kvh©Z wZwb
†mB •¯^ikvm‡bi mg‡q, 1985 m‡bi GKw`b Dcb¨v‡mi Mí ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| cwicv‡k¦©i
ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq GKRb we‡eKevb gvby‡li hLb Dcjwä nq †h, hviv GLb
ivR‣bwZK wmw× nvwm‡ji Rb¨ RbmvaviY‡K Kv‡Q WvK‡Q, gvÎ †`o `kK Av‡M ZvivB IB

92
GKB D‡Ï‡k Kvwgqvwe AR©‡bi Rb¨ GKwU gnjøvi Rbmvavi‡Yi Rxeb f¯§ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv
mvgwMÖKfv‡e, ZLb †mB gvbylwUi ¯§„wZkw³ Kvh©Ki n‡q I‡V Ges cÖv³b ¯§„wZi exfrmZvq
evisevi †Ku‡c I‡V Zvi AšÍi| ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨v‡m knx`yj Rwni †Zgb
mRvMwe‡e‡Ki PwiÎ wn‡m‡e Ave`yj gwR`‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡QbÑ hvi cwiev‡ii GKvwaK
m`m¨ I cwiwPZ ÁvwZ-eÜz A‡b‡KB 1971 m‡bi gnvb gyw³hy‡× wb‡R‡`i gnjøvi ivRvKvi-
Avje`i‡`i KmvBe„wËi Kv‡Q cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Q| †mBme cÖv‡Yi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi cwie‡Z© Zviv AR©b
K‡i‡Q GKwU wbivc` ivóª; †hwU ¯^vaxb, mve©‡f․g Ges kÎæi Kej †_‡K gy³| Ggb GKwU
†`‡k †hLv‡b ¯^w¯ÍKi emevmB cÖZ¨vwkZ, †mLv‡b †mBmKj wPwýZ kÎæi cybiæÌvb wbtm‡›`‡n
Zv‡Zi wPˇjv‡K `ytmn ¯§„wZ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j | Zviv cybivq wbivcËnxbZvq †fv‡M Ges cybivq
wb‡R‡`i mšÍvb-mšÍwZ nviv‡bvi Avk¼v Abyfe K‡i| Ave`yj gwR‡`i Pwi‡Î †jLK †mB fq
RvwM‡q Zz‡j‡Qb Ges †mB f‡qi Zvobvq Zvi †h Abyfe-Abyf~wZ Ges AvZ¥iÿvi †h AvKzwZ,
mšÍvb‡K GB fqvj _vev †_‡K evuwP‡q ivLvi †h †Póv †mUvB GB Dcb¨v‡m DcRxe¨ K‡i
Zz‡j‡Qb|

Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ Ave`yj gwR‡`i GB mZK© I mRvM Bw›`ªq e¨envi K‡i GKwU
cwiYwZi cÖwZ Bw½Z w`‡q †jLK Dcb¨vmwU ïiæ K‡i‡Qb:

Dwbk k cuPvwk m‡b GKw`b j²xevRv‡ii k¨vgvcÖmv` †j‡bi hyeK Ave`yj gwR‡`i cv‡qi
m¨v‡Ûj cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ m½wZ weav‡b e¨_© n‡q dU K‡i wQu‡o hvq| Avm‡j e¯‘i cÖvYZË¡ hw`
•eÁvwbKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡Zv, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv ejv †hZ †h, Zvi Wvb cv‡qi m¨v‡Û‡ji wd‡Z
e¯‘i e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ bq, eis cÖv‡Yi AšÍM©Z †mB Kvi‡Y wQbœ nq, †h Kvi‡Y Gi GKUz ci
Ave`yj gwR‡`i Aw¯ÍZ¡ cybe©vi †f‡O co‡Z Pvq|1

Ave`yj gwR‡`i m¨v‡Ûj wQu‡o hvevi ga¨ w`‡q †jLK Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb g~jZ Zvi ü`‡qi Zvb
wQbœ nevi w`‡K| †hb †h kw³i †Rv‡i †m Rxebc‡_ PvwjZ n‡Zv, †mB g‡bve‡j nVvr Uvb †j‡M
wQu‡o †M‡Q| GgZve¯’vq cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v Avek¨K| e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ‡qvRb Aci GK
ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi eY©bv; hv Ave`yj gwR‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z memgq RvMÖZ n‡q Av‡Q| †mwU n‡jv
gyw³hy‡×i mgq GB A‡ji mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZi ¯§„wZwPÎ| Kvh©Z †jLK Ave`yj gwR‡`i
AwfÁZv †ivgš’bm~‡Î 1971 m‡bi `„k¨ivwR eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GB m~‡Î ivqmv evRv‡ii (ivq
mv‡ne evRvi) †gvo †_‡K ïiæ n‡q ZrmsjMœ K‡qK eM©wK‡jvwgUvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i Dcb¨vmwUi

93
NUbv msNwUZ n‡jI ÿz`ªvKv‡i GwU gyw³hy×Kvjxb mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡kiB cÖwZiƒc n‡q D‡V‡Q|
knx`yj Rwni we¯Í…Z Avqbvi fMœvs‡k cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Qb ZrKvjxb i³v³ iƒc| Kvh©Z
Dcb¨vmwU Ave`yj gwR` I Zvi cwievi Ges Zvi gnjøvi Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY gvbyl, wecix‡Z e`y
gvIjvbv‡`i Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g ZrmvgwqK mviv evsjv‡`‡ki jv‡Lv Ave`yj gwR`
I e`y gvIjvbv‡`i Kvwnwb n‡q D‡V‡Q| cyivb XvKvi †K›`ª¯’‡ji IB Rwgb I gvby‡liv †hb
1971 mv‡ji cvkweKZv AvµvšÍ evsjv‡`‡ki †jvwnZ Rwgb I gvbyl|

AvL¨vbvqZ‡bi we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Ab¨Zg ÿy`ª GB Dcb¨vmwU g~jZ GKwU

A‡j N‡U hvIqv gyw³hy‡×i fqven wegvbweKZvi K_v‡KB ¯§„wZm~‡Î Zz‡j G‡b‡Q|
j²xevRv‡ii k¨vgvcÖmv` †j‡bi hyeK Ave`yj gwR` KviKzb †jb n‡q ivqmvevRv‡i Avmvi c‡_
bevecyi †iv‡W D‡V gvB‡K Aveyj Lv‡q‡ii RbMY‡K ab¨ev` cÖ`v‡bi mwPrKvi KÉ ï‡b
mPwKZ n‡q I‡V Ges Zvi g‡b GB Aveyj Lv‡q‡ii •cZ…K cwiP‡qi e„ËvšÍ †R‡M I‡V| †mB
m~‡Î GB bevecyi †iv‡Wi Ici `Ðvqgvb _vKv Ae¯’v‡ZB †m cÖv³b ¯§„wZi †e`bvq KvZi n‡q
hvq| bevecyi †iv‡Wi Ici `vuwo‡q ÒAve`yj gwR` hLb Zvi `„wó Aveyj Lv‡q‡ii `xN© Ges
ZiæY k¥kÖæ Avi bxj i‡Oi †RveŸvi Ici iv‡L, Zvi g‡b nq, AvKv‡k hZ KvK I‡o †m¸‡jv
Aveyj Lv‡q‡ii †RveŸvi †fZi †_‡KB †hb †ei n‡q Av‡m|Ó2 Zvi g‡b c‡o Aveyj Lv‡q‡ii
ÒwcZv e`iæwÏb gvIjvbvi †m GK AÁvZ inm¨gq fv‡jvevmv wQj Kv‡Ki Rb¨|Ó3 wcZv I
cy‡Îi cÖm½ G‡b AZxZ I NUgvb eZ©gv‡bi †h mw¤§jb Ave`yj gwR` wb‡Ri g‡b mvRvq Zv‡Z
m„wó nq GK g‡bvmsKU| †Kb •Zwi nq GB msKU, ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ †mB
BwZnv‡miB AvL¨vb|

1971 m‡bi gnvb gyw³h× PjvKv‡j j²xevRvi I ZrmsjMœ GjvKvq e`y gvIjvbv I Zvi
mn‡hvMx‡`i Pvjv‡bv ZvÐejxjv Ges cvK‡`vmi‡`i †mev`v‡b GjvKvevmxi Dci Pvjv‡bv wbg©g
AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb Ges †mB AZ¨vPv‡i Ave`yj gwR‡`i cwiev‡ii Dr‡Kw›`ªK Rxebhvcb Ñ
g~jZ GwUB eZ©gvb Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb AvL¨vb| wKš‘ knx`yj Rwni Zvui we‡kølYx `„wó‡K ïay GB
`ywU c‡ÿi g‡a¨ mxgve× iv‡Lbwb, e¨w³MZ AwfÁZvi IB fqven Kv‡ji RbRxeb‡K wZwb
m‡e©v”P mxgv‡iLvq ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri ewY©Ze¨ AvL¨v‡b| ZvB ÒAve`yj gwR`-†gv‡gbv-e`y
gvIjvbvi Mí, †gvnv¤§` †mwjg-gvqvivYxi Mí, BmgvBj nvRvg-wnRov Aveyj evkv‡ii Mí,
AvwRR cvVvb-e`y gvIjvbvi Mí, e`y gvIjvbv-cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg©-ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwb-†gv‡gbvi

94
Mí BZ¨vKvi mgy`q MíB Rxeb I ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZvi g‡Zv wek` I KzÀwUKvgq cÖvšÍ‡ii
Ici w`‡q e‡q †M‡Q ci¯úi‡K Qzu‡q, ci¯úi‡K wP‡i, AmsL¨ Rxeb`vwqbx Lv‡ji g‡Zv|Ó4

AvL¨vb-AšÍf©y³ DwjøwLZ PwiÎmg~n bvMwiK Rxe‡b GKB gnjøvi Awaevmx; Zv‡`i mK‡ji
Rxe‡b i‡q‡Q GKwU Awfbœ i‡Oi eÜb| †mB iO GKvšÍB gnjøv-†Kw›`ªK †K․gRxe‡bi
cvi¯úwiK fv‡jvevmv-mg„×| Kvh©Z 1971 m‡b †b‡g Avmv †mB hy×Kvjxb wbg©gZv GKKfv‡e
KvD‡K ¯úk© K‡iwb; AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q †mB †K․gRxe‡b ci¯úi-m¤ú„³ mevB| Dcb¨v‡mi
cÖavbcvÎ Ave`yj gwR` AvµvšÍ mevi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv fv‡e hy³; d‡j ïay Avãyj
gwR‡`i Mí eqb Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖvmw½Kfv‡eB †m hv‡`i mv‡_ hy³ Zv‡`i MíI RvqMv K‡i
†bq| †Kbbv, Ave`yj gwR‡`i Rxe‡b Zv‡`i f~wgKv Ges Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Ave`yj gwR‡`i f~wgKv
†hvM Ki‡jB †Kej GKwU c~Y© e„Ë cvIqv m¤¢e| knx`yj Rwni c~Y©vqZ M‡íi QKB K‡l‡Qb
eZ©gvb Dcb¨v‡m|

GKB gnjøvi msNe× Rxe‡bi ¯§„wZ‡Z AvZ¥Z¨vM I AvZ¥xq nviv‡bvi †e`bv wb‡q cybivq Rxeb
ïiæ Kiv gvbyl¸‡jv hLb †`‡L cyi‡bv kÎæ Avevi k³ †kKomn Wvjcvjv †g‡j we¯Ívi jvf
Ki‡Q, ZLb ¯^fveZB cÖv³b `ytmn ¯§„wZ bvov w`‡q †R‡M I‡V Ges Zv‡`i mš¿¯Í K‡i †Zv‡j
cybivq| †mB ¯§„wZm~Î e¨envi K‡iB knx`yj Rwni Dcb¨vmwU ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| e`y gvIjvbvi
wns¯ªZvi ¯§„wZ †R‡M I‡V Zvi mšÍv‡bi KÚ¯^i ï‡b| ‡mB Av¸bSiv w`‡bi †h `„k¨ cÖ_‡gB
j²xev‡Rv‡ii Awaevmx‡`i ¯§„wZm~Î a‡i †jLK Dcb¨v‡m Zz‡j Av‡bb Zv n‡jv e`y gvIjvbv
KZ…©K gvby‡li gvsm KvK‡K LvIqv‡bvi: Òj²xevRv‡ii †jvK‡`i g‡b c‡o, GKvËi m‡b e`y
gvIjvbv big K‡i nvmZ Avi we‡K‡j KvK IovZ AvKv‡k| GK _vjv gvsm wb‡q Qv‡` D‡V
†hZ e`y gvIjvbv Avi Zvi †Q‡jiv| gnjøvq ZL‡bv hviv wQj, Zviv e‡jwQj, e`y gvIjvbv
cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b †h gvs‡mi UzKiv¸‡jv AvKv‡ki w`‡K Qz‡o w`Z, †m¸‡jv wQj gvby‡li gvsm|Ó5
1971 m‡b cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx I Zv‡`i †`vmi‡`i mw¤§wjZ nZ¨vKv‡Ð Kx cwigvY gvbyl
AgvbywlK Kvq`vq cÖvY nvwi‡qwQ‡jv, †Kgb b„ksmZvi m‡½ Zviv gvbyl‡K Rš‘-Rv‡bvqv‡ii
Lvev‡i cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jv, †jLK Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ_‡gB †mB eY©bv w`‡q GKvËi m‡bi gyw³hy‡×i
msKUvcbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb|

a‡g©i †`kwefv‡Mi c~‡e© I c‡i G‡`‡k wn›`y-gymwjg ؇›Øi Aefvm wRB‡q ivLv
n‡qwQ‡jv|GKvˇi Zv Pigfv‡e gv_vPvov w`‡q I‡V| wn›`y‡`i lohš¿ †_‡K cvwK¯Ívb‡K iÿv

95
Kivi `„p msK‡í †R‡M D‡VwQ‡jv cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK I cvwK¯Ívbcwš’iv| KI‡gi ALÐZv iÿvi
bv‡g cvwK¯Ív‡bi cwiPvwjZ GB hy‡×i wbg©gZv †h LvuwU gymjgvb‡KI nZevK K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv,
†jLK †mB cÖm½ wb‡q G†m‡Qb Ôgnjøvi mePvB‡Z cÖvPxb gymjgvb cwieviwUi cÖavb LvRv
Avng` AvjxÕi we¯§q I f‡qi eY©bvi gva¨‡g; †h AwfÁZv Zv‡K ¯Íä K‡iwQ‡jv †mwU n‡jv
†mB wQwU‡q †`qv gvsmLи‡jvi GKwU LÐ hLb Avng` Avjxi cv‡qi Kv‡Q c‡o Ges †m
Avwe®‥vi K‡i GwU †Kv‡bv gwnjvi bv‡Ki gvsm| hv Zv‡K ¯Íä I fxZ K‡i †`qÑ Ò†mB we‡K‡j
gvsmUzK‡ivwU nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q wZwb †`‡Lb †h, †mUvi Mv‡q †QvÆ gmy‡ii Wv‡ji g‡Zv GKwU
cv_‡ii dzj| wZwb nvnvKvi K‡i I‡Vb, `ynv‡Zi AÄwj‡Z UzK‡ivwU wb‡q wmuwo w`‡q wb‡P †b‡g
eo †Q‡j LvRv kwd‡Ki mnvqZvq †mUv `vdb K‡ib wb‡Ri evwoi AwObvq| Zvici gvMwi‡ei
bvgvR covi mgq wZwb dzuwc‡q dzuwc‡q Kvu`‡Z _v‡Kb| GKwU A‡`Lv †g‡qi Rb¨ j²xevRv‡ii
GK welYœ e„‡×i ü`q †mw`b †f‡O c‡o|Ó6 GB gvsmKv‡Ði Mí Ki‡Z wM‡qB wZwb GB h‡Á
`yfv© M¨µ‡g Rwo‡q cov gvbyl¸‡jvi cÖm½ Av‡bb, hviv NUbvµ‡g e`y gvIjvbvi cÖwZ‡kv‡ai
wnm¨vq c‡o hvq| †mB A‡`Lv †g‡qi Rb¨ LvRv Avng` Avjxi Kvbœ&vi cvkvcvwk wZwb eY©bv
K‡ib Avey Kwi‡gi eo †Q‡ji nvwi‡q hvevi K_v, †h wKbv GK UzKiv gvsm †c‡qwQ‡jv Kzwo‡q,
gvby‡li cv‡qi b‡Li UzKiv| wZwi eY©bv K‡ib Rwgi e¨vcvwii Kz‡qvZjvq †c․u‡Q hvIqv Av‡iK
UzKiv gvs‡mi weeiY, †hwU Rwgi e¨vcvwi c‡iiw`b wdwi‡q w`‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv e`y gvIjvbvi
evwo‡Z G‡m Ges †mB wd‡i cvIqv gvs‡mi UzKivwU wQj GKRb gymjgv‡bi wk‡kœi LÐvsk,
†hwU mbv³ Kivq e`y gvIjvbv Zvi wØZxq ¯¿x jwZdv‡K cicyiæ‡li m‡½ †h․b m¤úK© i‡q‡Q
m‡›`‡n †mB iv‡ZB ZvjvK †`q Ges mKvj †ejv †ei K‡i †`q evwo †_‡K|

GKw`‡K e`y gvIjvbv I Zvi mnPi‡`i wns¯ª Aew¯’wZ, Ab¨w`‡K mš¿¯Í mvaviY gnjøvevmx Ges
Zv‡`i e¨w³Rxe‡bi †nb¯’ve¯’vÑ GB `yBw`‡Ki ga¨¯’ kw³ wn‡m‡e LvRv Avng` Avjxi cwievi
Ges gyw³hy‡× Rwo‡q covi Mí †jLK Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb GB Dcb¨v‡m| LvRv cwievi e¨ZxZ
gnjøvi wn›`y-gymwjg mKj cwiev‡ii Mí †jLK GKK †iLvq web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨
A‡bKUv cÖvwšÍK Ae¯’v‡bi GKwU cwievi Ñ GKRb fz³‡fvMx ¯§„wZKvZi PwiÎ Ave`yj
gwR‡`i †cÖÿYwe›`y e¨envi K‡i knx`yj GB AvL¨vb †du‡`‡Qb| e¯‘Z, ÿgZv‡K‡›`ªi †Kv‡bv
cÖKvi Ae¯’vb bv-cvIqv GB we‡kl †kÖwY; hviv iv‡óªi ïay A_©‣bwZK Av‡qvR‡b hy³ iv‡L
wb‡R‡`iÑ Zviv, c„w_exi BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡Z msNwUZ Rbhy‡×
mgvb wnm¨vi `vwe`vi D‡VwQj 1971 m‡bÑ †mB †kÖwYi GK fz³‡fvMx Pwi‡Îi †cÖÿY-K_‡b
96
knx`yj Rwni gyw³hy‡×i Av‡iKwU bZzb iƒc †hb Zz‡j ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi †mB
µvwšÍj‡Mœ GB †kÖwYi Rxe‡b †b‡g Avmv †kÖôZg AwfÁZvi eqvb †hb GwU, GLv‡b KzÐjvwqZ
Zv‡`i e¨w³Rxe‡bi AwfNvZmg~n| †mB m~Î a‡iB Dcb¨v‡mi m~Îavi Ave`yj gwR‡`i e¨w³-
AwfÁZvi `„k¨gvjv cvIqv hvq Dcb¨v‡m| Rvbv hvq, •K‡kv‡i †`Lv gyw³hy×, gyw³hy×-
we‡ivax‡`i AbvPvi, Zv‡`i civRq Ñ Gm‡ei ci †mB civwRZ kw³ Avi gv_v Zz‡j `vuov‡Z
cvi‡e bv Ñ GB cÖZ¨‡q w¯’i †_‡K ¯^cœ ey‡b ey‡b mmsmvi w`b KvUvw”Qj GB Ave`yj gwR`|
Zvici †`‡k mgikvmb G‡jv cici K‡qKevi; av°v †L‡jv ¯^cœ; ZeyI ¯^vaxbfv‡e †eu‡P †_‡K
w`b KvUv‡bvi nVvr weiwZ‡Z †m hLb †`‡L ivR‣bwZK ¯^v_© nvwmj Kivi Rb¨ GKvˇii †mB
civwRZ kw³i m‡½ weRqx‡`i †KD †KD nvZ †gjv‡”Q, civwR‡Zi RqaŸwbm~PK aŸwbI †m
AvIov‡”Q Rqxi g‡ZvB mû¼v‡i, ZLbB †m †f‡O hvq Ges Avwe®‥vi K‡i †h, Ò •K‡kv‡ii
AvZ‡¼i †mB w`‡b †m †h welqwU ev` †`qvi K_v e‡jwQj †mUv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ev` n‡q hvq bvB
Ges ZvB, c‡bi eQi ci †mB GKB AvjLvjøv civ e`y gvIjvbvi †Q‡j, Lv‡qi gvIjvbvi K_v
ï‡b ivqmv evRv‡i evRvi Ki‡Z hvIqv Z¨vM K‡i †m †Quov m¨v‡Ûj nv‡Z evmvq wd‡i Zvi ¯¿x
Bqvmwg‡bi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvvwK‡q _v‡K|Ó7

AZtci Zvi cyi‡bv ¯§„wZ wd‡i wd‡i Av‡mÑ Ô†m †`‡L Bqvmwg‡bi kxY© MÖxevi †Mvovq GKwU
wkiv `c`c K‡i, †m †mLv‡b AvOzj w`‡q ¯úk© K‡i; †gv‡gbvi Mjvi cv‡k GB RvqMvq
†eq‡bU †Mu‡_ †`qv n‡qwQj|Õ †gv‡gbv Zvi †evb| gvZ…mgv †evb| gyw³hy‡×i KiæYZg
AwfÁZv Zvi| hyׇk‡l †h †ev‡bi jvk †m kbv³ K‡i wb‡q G‡m‡Q, †mB †evb‡K e`y gvIjvbv
†h Acgvb K‡iwQ‡jv †mB Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva †bevi Av‡MB cybivq e`y gvIjvbviAvNv‡ZB
g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q †h †ev‡bi, †gv‡gbv †mB †evb| Zxeª N„Yv m‡Ë¡I mvgvb¨ Ôgv›`vi‡cvÕ MvwjUvI hv‡K
w`‡Z cv‡iwb Ave`yj gwR`, hy‡× †mB gvIjvbv civwRZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hy‡×i `yB eQi ci
gvIjvbvi cybivwf‡lK Ges gvÎ c‡bi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿi kw³i mg_©b †c‡q
kw³kvjx Ae¯’vb wb‡q eyK dzwj‡q mevB‡K ÔfvBmveÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab Kivi ¯úa©v Zv‡K Avevi
†Kv‡bv AbvMZ welv‡`i e¨vcv‡i wPwšÍZ K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB ¯¿x ÒBqvmwg‡bi evûi †fZi wb‡R‡K
mgc©Y K‡i †m myw¯’i n‡Z Pvq, GB `¨v‡ki gvBb‡l‡i G¨jvq e`y gvIjvbvi †cvjvq Kq,
fvBQve| Kq, Avc‡b‡Mv ab¨ev`| R¡ivMÖ‡¯Íi g‡Zv Ave`yj gwR` Bqvmwg‡bi Mjv Rwo‡q a‡i
ÔAvcv, AvcvÕ e‡j †dvucvq|Ó8 cyi‡bv kÎæ‡`i cybivq AwawôZ n‡Z †`‡L gyw³‡hv×v I
AvIqvgx †bZv AvwRR cvVv‡bi Kv‡Q hvq wKš‘ ivR‣bwZK wm×v‡šÍ kÎæi mv‡_ wgj‡Z eva¨
97
AvwRR Zv‡K †Kv‡bv m`yËi w`‡Z cv‡i bv| ivR‣bwZK fimvi RvqMvwU †_‡K †m AvwR‡Ri
wePz¨wZ Abyfe K‡i Ges cybivq fwMbxnviv evj‡Ki g‡Zv cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z bv cvivi Møvwb‡Z
¯§„wZKvZi n‡q I‡V| Gi wVK Qq gvm ci wb‡Ri m`¨f~wgô Kb¨vi bvg hLb ¯§„wZ‡Z m`vRvMi
†ev‡bi bv‡g Ô†gv‡gbvÕ iv‡L ZLb †m cybivq kÎæi kvmvwb‡Z c‡o hvq e`y gvIjvbv hLb
Avevi †mB `„wó‡Z Zv‡K e‡j, ÒeB‡bi bv‡g bvg ivK‡Qv, eB‡b‡i fz‡jv bvBKv?Ó9

e¯‘Z †ev‡bi †mB ¯§„wZ Ave`yj gwR‡`i c‡ÿ KL‡bvB †fvjv m¤¢e bq Ges †m GwUI eyS‡Z
cv‡i †h, e`y gvIjvbvI †mB NUbv †fv‡jwb| AZGe kÎæZv wRB‡q Av‡Q GLbI, Ges g‡b
K‡i GB cybiæÌv‡bi Kv‡j e`y gvIjvbv ev Zvi DËicyiæl Øviv †mB ÿwZi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i
Ave`yj gwR‡`i cwiev‡ii †h †KD| GgZve¯’vq j²xevRvi gnjøv †Q‡o hvIqv Qvov †m †Kv‡bv
c_ cvq bv m¤¢ve¨ ÿwZ Govevi| cwiev‡ii mevi mv‡_ K_v e‡j g‡b nq ÒGUvB GKgvÎ
†h․w³K wm×všÍ| cÖ_gZ, †m Pvq bv, Zvi †g‡qwU Zvi †ev‡bi g‡Zv e`y gvIjvbv wKsev Zvi
†Q‡j‡`i wRNvsmvi wkKvi †nvK Ges Zvi g‡b nq ev¯ÍeZv Gfv‡e G‡Mv‡j GiKg †h NU‡e bv
Zv †KB ev ej‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi g‡b nq e`y gvIjvbv GKvËi m‡bi †mB GKB ivRbxwZi PP©v
K‡i Ges †m GL‡bv Rv‡b Ave`yj gwR` Ges Zvi cwievi †gv‡gbvi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ GL‡bv Zv‡K
N„Yv K‡i|Ó10 †`kxq ivRbxwZi ev¯ÍeZvq kÎæi cybe©vmb cÖwµqvq Gfv‡eB Ave`yj gwR` I
Zvi cwiev‡ii Rxeb mskqvcbœ nq Ges Gici gvÎ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ 1986 m‡b wcZ…wf‡U
†Q‡o w`‡q gnjøv †_‡K wbiæwÏó n‡q hvq Zviv|

jÿYxq †h, hy×PjvKv‡j gvP© gv‡mi †kl K‡qKwU w`b e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv mg‡qB Ave`yj gwR`
gnjøv Qv‡owb, †`k ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci cÖwZK~j ev¯ÍeZvq, g~jZ ivR‣bwZK weiƒc-ev¯ÍeZvq
wbcwZZ n‡q, DËi cyiæl‡K m¤¢ve¨ msNvZ †_‡K evuwP‡q ivL‡Z †m wcZ…wf‡U wewµ K‡i w`‡q
mcwiev‡i †mB kÎæe¨yn Qvo‡Z eva¨ nq| wcZ…wf‡U †_‡K Db¥~j n‡q Ave`yj gwR‡`i P‡j
hvIqvi gva¨‡g †jLK evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x GKUv ivR‣bwZK msKUmg‡qi Qwe
Gu‡K‡Qb, hLb kÎæ-wg·Z †Kv‡bv †f` `„ó nq bv Ges wgÎ-fve-Aej¤^x Rxeb Kíbv †h
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Am¤¢e| ¯^vaxbZvKvgx GKRb Aw¯ÍZ¡civqY gvby‡li Kv‡Q †mwUB n‡q I‡V
fqvjZg cwiw¯’wZ Ges Zv‡K Ab¨Î Ab¨fv‡e Rxeb mvRv‡bvi wm×všÍ wb‡Z nq| †mB wm×v‡šÍi
†cQ‡b wµqvkxj _v‡K Ggb GK m¼Uvcbœ Abyf~wZ, c~e©-AwfÁZvi d‡j hv mnmv Kvh©Ki n‡q
I‡V Ges Aw¯ÍZ¡ Kvuwc‡q †`q| wKš‘ mevi †ejvq †ZgbUv N‡U bv| GB mZ¨ Kvh©Ki e‡jB

98
†mw`b kÎæ‡`i mv‡_ nvZ †gjv‡Z Kvc©Y¨ K‡i bv wek¦¯Í †bZ…‡Z¡i `jwU Ñ ivRbxwZ GwM‡q
†h‡Z _v‡K, GwM‡q †h‡Z _v‡K gvby‡li mvgwóK Rxeb| ZvB, †jL‡Ki eY©bvq: Ògnjøvi
†jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i (gwR`‡`i) GB AvPi‡Y cÖ_‡g nq‡Zv wew¯§Z nq; Z‡e GKmgq Zviv nq‡Zv
eyS‡Z cv‡i, †Kb Ave`yj gwR` gnjøv †Q‡o P‡j hvq, A_ev GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h, Ave`yj
gwR‡`i GB msK‡Ui welqwU gnjøvq Ges †`‡k nq‡Zv †KD-B Avi eyS‡Z cv‡i bvB|Ó11

Ave`yj gwR‡`i GB gnjøv Z¨vM K‡i Db¥~j n‡q hvevi g~j-AvL¨vb QvovI mvgwóK RbZvi
gnjøvwfwËK †h †K․g Rxeb, Ges GKvˇii gyw³hy‡×i †mB ZvÐejxjvq KzÐwj cvwK‡q hvIqv
†h․_ Rxe‡bi wKQz DcKvwnwbI GB AvL¨vbfz³ K‡i‡Qb Jcb¨vwmK| ¯^Zš¿ Zš‘i b¨vq †mB
KzÐwj‡Z cvIqv hvq †gvnv¤§` †mwjg I gvqvivYxi Amgvß †cÖgvL¨vb; e`y gvIjvbvi mšÍvb
evkv‡ii •K¬e¨ Avwe®‥vi I ZrcieZ©x BmgvCj nvRvg I MwY ivRvKv‡ii •Øi‡_i DcvL¨vb,
Z`ycwi ivR‣bwZK cvjve`‡j Ave`yj AvwR‡Ri cwieZ©b Ges LvRv Avn‡g` Avwji cvwievwiK
wemR©‡bi AvL¨vbvsk| e¯‘Z cÿ-wecÿ `‡ji GKw`‡K e`y gvIjvbv Ges Aciw`‡K Ave`yj
gwR` Ñ G-`yÕ‡qi g‡a¨ ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Aw¯’i mg‡q M‡o IVv •Øi_-B Dcb¨vm‡K cÖvYešÍ
K‡i‡Q Ges gyw³hy× cieZ©x c‡bi eQi ch©šÍ Kvwnwb‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
djZ ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ ïay gyw³hy‡×i Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri cwiPq AvU‡K
iv‡Lwb, n‡q D‡V‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cuPvËi-cieZ©x †`o `k‡Ki ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvi AvL¨vb| †h
AvL¨v‡b †jLK †`wL‡q‡Qb gyw³hy‡× Rqx GKwU `‡ji ïay ivR‣bwZK mdjZv AR©b-†nZz
•bwZKZvi HwZnvwmK cZ‡bi `„k¨| †h `„k¨ Ave`yj gwR‡`i g‡Zv †jvK‡`i msKUMÖ¯Í K‡i
†Zv‡j Ges Db¥~j n‡Z eva¨ K‡i| gyw³hy× PjvKv‡jcvwK¯Ívwb wgwjUvwi‡`i mnvqZvq wb‡R‡`i
gnjøvi mK‡ji Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii †h exfrmZv Pvjvq e`y gvIjvbv, Zv‡Z gnjøvi mK‡ji
GKgvÎ kÎæ n‡q `vuovq †m| ZLb Ave`yj gwR` GKwU †M․Y PwiÎ wKš‘ mKj NUbvi cÖZ¨ÿ
dj‡fvMx| †m †gv‡gbvi fvB wn‡m‡e dj‡fvMx, †gvnv¤§` †mwjg Ges gvqvivYxi ga¨Kvi
m¤úK©m~Î wn‡m‡e dj`k©x Ges †ev‡bi Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva bv wb‡Z cvivi AvZ¥`nb-m~‡Î e`y
gvIjvbvi cÖwZcÿ| Kvh©Z hyׇk‡l †m †eu‡P _v‡K IBmKj Pwi‡Îi DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e Ges
†`‡ki weiƒc ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z c‡o cybtÿgZvcÖvß e`y gvIjvbv‡`i cyi‡bv kÎæ wn‡m‡e
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99
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Ges †Kv_vI mvgvb¨Zg wePz¨Z nbwb wb‡Ri msK‡í| gnjøvi wbh©vwZZ cÖwZwbwa Ave`yj gwR‡`i
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Mí eY©bv K‡i‡Q, wb‡Riv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e ¯^Zš¿ †Kv‡bv AvL¨vb iPbv K‡iwb; Zv‡Z K‡i g~j
MíavivwU Av‡iv †h․w³K wfwË †c‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv I ivRvKvi mn‡hv‡M e`y gvIjvbv †h
aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq cy‡iv gnjøve¨vcx, Zv‡Z mevB AvµvšÍ nq; wech©¯Í nq mevi Rxeb; †mB
wech©‡qi my‡hv‡M e`y gvIjvbv wb‡Ri mKj e¨w³MZ kÎæZvi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡q †bq| †mB
cÖwZ‡kv‡ai †ivl †_‡K †Zi eQ‡ii evjK AvjvDwÏb †hgb †invB cvq bv, †Zgwb hy× †kl n‡q
G‡jI †gv‡gbv iÿv cvq bv Zvi `yó`„wói Kej †_‡K| Ges Ggwb †iv‡li wkKvi AviI Qvàv‡bœv
Rb g„‡Zi Lywj Avwe®‥vi K‡i ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwbi ¯^xKv‡ivw³ †gvZv‡eK| GBme e`bwme
gvbyl †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv m~‡Î e`y gvIjvbvi GK”QÎ Avwac‡Z¨i c‡_ evav n‡q `vuwo‡qwQ‡jv
hy‡×i mgq; d‡j Zv‡`i GB cwiYwZ †g‡b wb‡Z nq| gymwjg KI‡gi ALÐZv iÿvq Aek¨
KZ©e¨ wn‡m‡e e`y gvIjvbv GB nZ¨vKvÐ Pvjvq Ges wewfbœ m~Î e¨env‡i kÎæ wPwýZ K‡i|
Zb¥‡a¨ `ywU m~Î n‡”Q Agymwjg ev wn›`yqvwb Ges AciwU evOvwji ms¯‥„wZPP©v| mgmvgwqK
wkwÿZ evOvwji KwZcq jÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ m½xZ I cy®úcÖxwZ AwZ mvaviYfv‡eB PwP©Z wQ‡jv|
Zzjwm MvQ ïay evOvwj wn›`yi Dcvm¨ e„ÿgvÎ wQ‡jv bv, me©¯‡Í ii evOvwj Zv‡K MY¨ Ki‡Zv Jlwa
e„ÿ wn‡m‡e; wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZv-c~e© mg‡q AwZgvÎvq ï×ZvKvgx KIgfvRb ag©aŸRxgymwjg‡`i
g‡a¨ iex›`ªm½xZ we‡ivwaZvi bv‡g me©m½x‡Zi cÖwZ †h KziæwPc~Y© aviYv m„wó nq Zv 1971 m‡b
AviI cÖKU iƒc aviY K‡i Ges Zzjwm MvQ I Rev dzj n‡q I‡V wn›`yqvwbi †Rviv‡jv wPý|

HwZnvwmK ev¯ÍeZvi GB wPý `ywU knx`yj Rwni GB Dcb¨v‡m Lye `ÿZvi m‡½ e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_gZ, evmšÍx †Mv‡g‡Ri Kv‡Q m½xZ wkÿvq wbhy³ †gv‡gbv GKw`b GB m½x‡Zi
Kvi‡Y e`y gvIjvbvi ev‡R Dw³i wkKvi n‡q N‡i †d‡i Ges Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡o; Dciš‘
kÎæZvi cÖ_g av‡c wbcwZZ nq †m| AZtci GKw`b e„wóK¬všÍ mܨvq ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwb
gvqvivYx‡`i eviv›`vi Dc‡i _vKv Zzjwm MvQUvi cvZv wPey‡Z wPey‡Z e`y gIjvbvi mvg‡b nvwRi
n‡j gIjvbvi cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e †m Zzjwm cvZv wPev‡bvi K_v e‡j, ZLb GB wn›`yqvwbi wPý
m¤ú‡K© e`y gIjvbv mPwKZ nq Ges gnjøvi mKj evwo †_‡K Zzjwm MvQ Zz‡j †djvi ûKzg
†`q| G‡Z m¤úª`vq-Aegvbbvi g‡Zv Kv‡R †m wjß nq Ges †mB Kv‡Ri m~Î a‡i †gv‡gbv‡`i
evwoi Rev dzj MvQwUI Dc‡o †dj‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡j †gv‡gbvi evavi wkKvi nq| djZ, †gv‡gbv
100
Zvi kÎæZvi †Ljvq mivmwi Rwo‡q c‡o| Zvici gIjvbvi bvwj‡ki cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z gvKivwb
†jd‡Ubv‡›Ui Acv‡ikb †_‡K †eu‡P †M‡jI †gv‡gbvi †kliÿv nq bv| QvB‡qi Mv`vq ev
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nq Ges †k‡l Ave`yj gwR` iv‡qievRv‡ii ea¨f~wg †_‡K Zvi ÿZ-weÿZ jvk D×vi K‡i|
evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii ms¯‥…wZ cvjbKvix GB Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ †klch©šÍ ivRvKvi‡`i bRi`vwi
Ges Zz‡j wb‡q hvIqvi g‡a¨ knx`yj Rwni †hb cÖwZfvwmZ K‡ib knx` eyw×Rxex‡`i ¸g-Lyb
n‡q hvevi G‡KKwU AvL¨v‡bi bgybv| Gfv‡eB gnjøvi MYkÎæ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q hvIqv e`y
gIjvbv wPwýZ nq GB Dcb¨v‡m| wKš‘ hy×R‡qi mymsev` gvby‡li Kv‡Q ‡c․uQv‡bvi Av‡MB kÎæ
A`„k¨ n‡q hvq; Zvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z ZviB AvjLvjøv cÖf…wZ cywo‡q wb‡R‡`i †ÿv‡fi cÖkgb NUvq
gnjøvevmx|

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ci ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax‡`i cÖwZ e½eÜz-KZ©„K mvaviY ÿgv †NvwlZ n‡j e`y gIjvbvi cybiæ`q N‡U
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Pj‡ZB _vK‡Zv hw` bv AvwRR cvVvb Zv‡K Afq w`‡Zv| m‡e©v”P †bZv hv‡`i ÿgv K‡i
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gIjvbv Zvi cvwU©i fvicÖvß ÔAvwgiÕ‡K msea©bv w`‡q eo †bZv n‡q I‡V Ges Zvici Zvi
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weK…Z Kivi †mB cÖ‡Póvq †m AvwRR cvVvb‡K cwiYZ K‡i wMÖK exi Av‡jKRvÛv‡i Ges
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weRqx Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii mvg‡b wM‡q `vuwo‡qwQj Ges †m †`‡LwQj †h, Av‡jKRvÛviiv memgq
cyiæ‡`i m‡½ GKB e¨envi K‡i; KviY GKgvÎ exiB wPb‡Z cv‡i ex‡ii jÿY mKj|Ó 12 GB
weK…wZi m‡½ m‡½ †m hy‡×i ci aiv c‡o gviv hvIqv ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwb‡K w`‡Z Pvq
Ôkwn‡`Õi gh©v`v| wf‡±vwiqv cv‡K© mg‡eZ gvbyl‡`i‡K †m cv‡K©i †ew †`wL‡q e‡j †h, ÒIB
†e‡Âi Ici Ave`yj Mwb knx` n‡qwQjÓ, wKš‘ Dcw¯’Z RbZv fv‡e †h †m Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Mwbi
K_v ej‡Q| Dciš‘ hy×Kvjxb gnjøvi me‡P‡q w¯’Zax AwffveK, †`k‡cÖwgK LvRv Avn‡g`
101
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ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q e‡ov miKviwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb| Avi †m mgqUv‡KB wb‡R‡`i k³
gvwU cvevi Dcjÿ wn‡m‡e †bq Zviv| miKvi cZ‡bi j‡ÿ¨ BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q weiæׯ^fvex
`ywU `j †RvU evu‡a; Avi ZLbB ÔivRbxwZ‡Z †klK_v ej‡Z wKQz bvBÕ bvgK GKwU åó
wek¦vm‡K ivR‣bwZK `k©b wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq| G‡Z •bwZK civRq N‡U gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿi
kw³i| ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ †mB •bwZK civR‡qi AvL¨v‡bwZnvmI e‡U| djZ,
msKUm¤¢vebv m~wPZ nq Ave`yj gwR‡`i g‡Zv ¯§„wZiÿK I Aw¯ÍZ¡fveyK PwiÎmg~‡ni Rxe‡b;
Zviv wcZ…wf‡U †_‡K †¯^”Qvq Db¥~j n‡q hvq|

BwZnvm, ivRbxwZ I Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK ev¯ÍeZvi AvL¨vb iPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q AvL¨vbe„Ë -eqb I
eq‡bi fvlv-cwiKíbvq PgrKvwiZ¡ †`wL‡q‡Qb knx`yj Rwni| ¯§„wZm~‡Î ewY©Z AvL¨v‡b mg‡qi
µg‡K B”Qvg‡Zv †f‡O‡Qb, eZ©gv‡b †_‡KI cwi‡ek cÖwZ‡e‡ki DÏxc‡b Ges PwiÎmg~‡ni
cÖ‡ÿcY-cwiPh©vq hLb ZLb AZxZMvgx n‡q‡Qb| AZxZ I eZ©gvb GLv‡b ci¯úi‡K †f`
Kiv †mjvB‡qi †dvu‡oi g‡Zv| Dcb¨v‡mi NUbv gvÎ GK eQ‡ii, wKš‘ ¯§„wZ-m~‡Î Zv 15/16
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n‡q‡Q, evev n‡q‡Q| ivRbxwZ‡Z mvd‡j¨i µg a‡i AvwRR cvVvb I e`y gIjvbv `yR‡bB eo
†bZv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| NUbvi HK¨ eRvq †i‡LB GKRb mvaviY ÿgvjä kÎæ I Zvi
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m~Î a‡i GwM‡qB, wb‡R‡`i Kg©dj wb‡R‡`i †Kgb MøvwbKi hš¿Yvq wbcwZZ K‡i Zv
†`wL‡q‡Qb|

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avivevwnKfv‡e 1971 m‡b gvP©-cieZ©x cyivb XvKvi Ø›ØmsKzj AÂj¸‡jv cwi`„ó nq| Dc`ªæZ
wewfbœ gnjøvi mvgwóK Rxe‡bi weaŸ¯Í iƒc eY©bvq wZwb ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi mvnvh¨ wb‡q GKRb
mgvRZvwË¡K n‡q D‡V‡Qb| mgv‡Ri ¯Íiµg-Abyhvqx Pwiθ‡jvi gb¯ÍË¡ Ges hy× I Rxeb
m¤úwK©Z Abyf~wZ I Zv‡`i K…Z¨mg~‡ni mwe‡køl D×vi‡Y †mB Ávb Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb `ÿZvi
m‡½; •Zwi K‡i‡Qb PwiÎmg~‡ni ¯^iwfbœZvi mgv‡ek; †mB m~‡Î Ave`yj gwR`, †gv‡gbv,
†gv‡gbvi gv, wK‡kvi AvjvDwÏb, AvjvDwχbi gv, †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, gvqvivYx gvjvKvi,
BmgvBj nvRvg, LvRv Avn‡g` Avwj, AvwRR cvVvb, ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwb, e`y gvIjvbv cÖgyL

102
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AvLZviæ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi ÔwP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBÕ Dcb¨v‡mi nvwÇ wLwRi‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
Dcb¨v‡m G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB e¨w³MZ Øvw›ØKZv Ges †kÖwYMZ Øvw›ØKZv mgvbZv‡j wµqvkxj
†_‡K AvL¨v‡b cÖvY cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q- hv DËivaywbK AvL¨vb •kjxi kZ©mg~n‡K `„k¨gvb K‡i
†Zv‡j| GKB mgvRfz³ nIqvq Pwiθ‡jvi †g․wLK fvlvq †Kv‡bv cÖ‡f` `„ó nevi †Kv‡bv
wQ‡jv bv AvL¨v‡b, wKš‘ ÿgZvKvVv‡gvq Aew¯’Z †kÖwYi PwiÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q †mB †g․wLK fvlvq|

Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bfv‡l¨ knx`yj Rwni PgK m„wó K‡i‡Qb | GB we‡kl fvlvixwZ g~jZ Rwnixq
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Ggb Rvj •Zwi K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b Ave× n‡q cvVK GKwU cÖengvb Ave‡Z© Nyi‡Z _v‡K Ges
GKwU NUbvi m‡½ LÐ LÐ fv‡e m¤ú„³ n‡Z _v‡K| †hgb:

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AvKv‡ki w`‡K Quz‡o w`Z, †m¸‡jv wQj gvby‡li gvsm|Ó14

103
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N›Uvq cÂvk nvRvi eQi a‡i gvby‡li ey‡b †Zvjv mf¨Zvi Pv`i wQu‡o †d‡j Ges j²xevRv‡ii
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gv Ges †Q‡j, wcZv Ges hyeZxKb¨v GKm‡½ ejvrKv‡ii A_© Abyaveb K‡i|Ó15 DËivaywbK
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A_© Drcv`b K‡i|

Z‡e AvL¨vbwU‡K AviI mcÖvY K‡i Zzj‡Z wZwb msL¨v ev msL¨vevPK kã e¨envi K‡i‡Qb
wbwØ©avq Avi wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv evov‡Z e¨envi K‡i‡Qb evi I ZvwiL| †hgb: Ò wW‡m¤^‡ii GKzk
Zvwi‡L wRwÄivq ivRvKvi Ave`yj MwY aiv c‡oÓ ; ÒDwbk k Avwk m‡b gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv
†R‡bwQj †h, GB KzKz‡ii g„Z‡`n e`y gvIjvbvi Kv‡Q wcÖq wQj mvZwU gvby‡li jv‡ki PvB‡ZI
†ewk|Ó16
fvlvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi cvkvcvwk AvL¨v‡bi wKQz As‡k wZwb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb WªvgvwUK wiwjd;
AbvKvw•ÿZ wech©vm NwU‡q †mme As‡k wZwb wbwnZ m‡Z¨i D˜NvUb K‡i‡Qb| †hgbÑ e`y
gIjvbvi †mB AvjLvjøv msiÿY, †hUv‡Z K¨v‡Þb Bgivb Zvi †ckve gy‡QwQj weavq, gvbyl
fvewQ‡jv, e`y gIjvbv Avi †mwU ci‡Q bv| ÒwKš‘ Zviv c‡i †R‡bwQj †h, Zv‡K K¨v‡Þb
Qzu‡qwQj GB e¨vcviwUi cÖwZ m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv Ges ¯§„wZ a‡i ivLvi Rb¨B †m †RveŸvwU msiÿY
K‡iwQj|Ó17GLv‡b GKRb cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvi Av‡iKRb cvwK¯Ívb‡cÖgxi cÖwZ cÖ`wk©Z
fv‡jvevmvq AmviZv I ¯^v_©wmw×i fvewU †hgb my¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q, †Zgwb G‡Kev‡i AÁZvi
m‡½ Zz”Q‡K gnxiƒn K‡i †Zvjvi f…Z¨-g‡bve„wËwUI dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Ab¨Î Zzjwm MvQ DrcvUb
Ki‡Z wM‡q DcKvix I wfbœ ¯^v‡`i Lvevi wn‡m‡e cvK‡mbv‡`i Zzjwm cvZv-†fvRx n‡q hvIqvi
g‡a¨I NUbvi wech©vm NwU‡q AvL¨v‡b PvÂj¨ •Zwi K‡i‡Qb Rwni|
e¯‘Z, fvlv e¨envi I AvL¨vbe„Ë iPbvq DwjøwLZ mKj PgrKvwiZ¡ cÖ‡qvM K‡iB knx`yj Rwni
Zvui GB Awfbe K_vwkí eqb K‡i‡Qb, hv g~jZ ¯^vaxbZv-mgKvjxb I DËiKvjxb c‡bi
eQ‡ii evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rxeb I ivRbxwZi AwfÁZv-RvZ AšÍ`v©‡ni eqvb|
104
Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨
MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ me©‡kl Dcb¨vm n‡jI gy`ªYKvj we‡ePbvq ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ knx`yj
Rwn‡ii wØZxq Dcb¨vm| ÔwbcyYÕ bvgK mvwnZ¨ g¨vMvwR‡b GwU cÖKvk cvq ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK
ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi K‡qK eQi ci 1991 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m| †jL‡Ki g„Zz¨i ci 2009 mv‡ji
†deªæqvwi‡Z ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ Dcb¨vmwUi MÖš’-ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi welq Ges
fvlv‣kjx evisevi knx`yj Rwn‡ii wØZxq c‡e©i Mímg~‡ni m‡½ m¤ú„w³ cÖKvk K‡i| wØZxq
c‡e©i knx`yj Rwni Zvui M‡í Ggb GK mgq-cwim‡ii evOvwj‡`i wb‡q Av‡mb, hLb
gyw³hy‡×i ¯^cœ wgB‡q †M‡Q RvwZi Rb‡Ki ü`q-we`viK g„Zz¨i NUbvq Ges f‡q KzuK‡o †M‡Q
mvgwiK kvm‡bi `xN©Kvjxb †cl‡Y| †K›`ªxq kvm‡bi Rei`Lj iv‡óªi i‡Ü« i‡Ü« †c․u‡Q
w`‡qwQ‡jv †h iæM&YZv, knx`yj Rwni †mB Amy¯Z
’ vµvšÍ gvby‡li RxebwPÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb G-
c‡e©i M‡í-Dcb¨v‡m| PvKwim~‡Î †jLK wb‡RI GB KvjL‡Ði AÜKviZg mg‡q wQ‡jb
miKv‡ii bxwZ-wba©viYx †Mvôxi m‡½ m¤ú„³| mwPevj‡qi Avgjv‡`i Rxeb ÔmrÕ Ges ÔAmrÕÑ
GB KvVv‡gv‡ZB wZwb ch©‡eÿ‡Yi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Qb; Abyfe-ms‡e`b Zzjbvg~jK †ewk wQ‡jv
e‡jB wZwb †mBme RxebKvVv‡gvi civeZ©b Ges Zvi wbwnZ AšÍ‡e©`bv‡K wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i
KvwnwbKvVv‡gvq evua‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Ges wb‡R‡K ivL‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †mB cPbKvgx Rxebvf¨vm
†_‡K wkíxi `~i‡Z¡| djZ GK Avgjvi Rxe‡bi m~² Abyf~wZ I cZ‡bi †gvUv av°v¸‡jv
µgvš^‡q mvwR‡q knx`yj Rwni iPbv K‡i‡Qb ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ Dcb¨vmwU|
AvqZb-wePv‡i gvÎ Pvi dg©vq gjvUe× GB Dcb¨vmwU Zvui Ab¨ wZbwU Dcb¨vm †_‡K wfbœ ïay
GKwU Pwi·K wN‡i G-Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb AvewZ©Z| wØZxq c‡e© knx`yj Rwni GgbwK
†QvUM‡íI hLb we¯Í…Z AvL¨vb I eû Pwi‡Îi Av‡qvR‡b g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b GB
Dcb¨vmwUi GKK PwiÎ wN‡i AveZ©b nIqvUv AvMÖ‡ni mÂvi K‡i| †mB AvMÖ‡ni †K‡›`ª Avey
Beªvnx‡gi Ae¯’vb| e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b ¯¿x I `yB mšÍvb wb‡q †QvU msmv‡ii ga¨weË Rxeb Zvi;
Zey AšÍ‡i i‡q‡Q wek¦we`¨vjq Rxe‡bi evÜex †n‡jb‡K bv cvIqvi †e`bv| mvaviY ga¨we‡Ëi
mKj •ewkó¨B Avey Beªvnx‡g we`¨gvb wKš‘ mg¯Í cZ‡bi ey¨ngyL †_‡K mZK©fv‡e wb‡R‡K
evuwP‡q Pjv e¨w³ †m| mšÍv‡bi m½ Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M, cÖK…wZi wbR©bZvq wb‡Ri ¯§„wZ‡Z Wz‡e
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AvKv•ÿv Zvi Av‡Q; wKš‘ me‡P‡q k³fv‡e Av‡Q Zvi wb‡Ri g‡bi RM‡Z me©`v we‡kølYvZ¥K
GK †evaÑ †m †eva Zvi cwiPvjb kw³|

105
GK gxgvswmZ Rxe‡bi †klcÖv‡šÍ †c․uQv‡bvi c‡_ cÖvK‡cÖ․p eq‡m Avey Beªvnxg wKwÂr gwZå‡g
c_ nvivq Ges GK AhvwPZ g„Zz¨‡K eiY K‡i jÿ¨Pz¨Z nq| Zvi GB †kK&mwcqixq Uªv‡RwWi
AvL¨vbe„ËB ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ Dcb¨vm; hw`I Jcb¨vwmK evisevi Avey Beªvnxg‡K wMÖK
Uªv‡RwWi bvqK wn‡m‡eB AvL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡ii †Kv‡bv kw³ AbvKvw•ÿZfv‡e Zvi
Rxe‡b †hfv‡e Uªv‡RwW NUvq Zvi Rxe‡bi, Zv‡Z †jL‡Ki e³‡e¨i mg_©b Kiv hvq; wKš‘ PwiÎ
wn‡m‡e Avey Beªvnx‡gi †h bxwZ-Av`k© †_‡K µgwePz¨wZ wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z K‡i Avey
Beªvnx‡gi öjb my¯úó n‡q hvq Ges wMÖK wbqwZi Zzjbvq Zv‡K †kK&mwcqixq Uªv‡RwW-
KvVv‡gvi m‡½B †ewk †gjv‡bv hvq| †Kbbv wbqwZ‡K †m A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jv A‡bK Av‡MB,
ivR‣bwZK wek¦v‡m †m hLb gvI r‡m Zzs- †K †bZv wn‡m‡e †g‡b Zvi eB c‡o Av`k©‡K AvuK‡o
a‡i‡Q| e¯‘Z, †cÖ‡gi e¨_©Zv-RwbZ wb®úÖf‡eva Ges ivR‣bwZK wek¦v‡mi ev¯Íevqb bv Ki‡Z
cvivi e¨_©Zv Ñ G `y‡qi wgwkÖZ ÔMøvwb‡eva Zv‡K †cQb †_‡K †V‡j a‡i‡QÕ|18 djZ, ÿgZv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I ¸YMZ iƒcvšÍ‡ii ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡K weKwkZ Kivi †Kv‡bv †cÖiYv †m cvqwb
Rxe‡b| PvKwi Avi msmvi, cvkvcvwk ¯§„wZKvZiZvi fvev‡eM e¨ZxZ Zvi Rxe‡b cÖZ¨ÿ
†Kv‡bv •ewkó¨ wQ‡jv bv| h‡ZvUv cÖ‡qvRb Z‡ZvUvq mxgve× Rxe‡b Af¨¯Í Avey Beªvnxg Kvh©Z
AbvKvw•ÿZ g„Zz¨i Rb¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jv bv| Zey bvq‡Ki •Re Rxe‡b `ye©jZv Av‡m,
K‡g© ÎæwU nq Ges wb‡Ri `yfv©M¨ †g‡b wb‡Z nq wb‡R‡KB|

A_P KvbvWxq wPwKrmK Òbig¨vb †e_y‡bi g„Zz¨ m¤ú‡K© ... gvI †mZzs eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e
†h, wKQz wKQz g„Zz¨ Av‡Q nvu‡mi cvj‡Ki g‡Zv nvév, Avi Ab¨ wKQz g„Zz¨ Av‡Q ¯’vqx cvnv‡oi
g‡Zv fvix| Avgiv †`Le †h, jvj Kvwj w`‡q GB ev‡K¨i wb‡P †iLv Uvbv Av‡Q Ges mn‡RB
eyS‡Z cvie †h, GB KvRwU Avey Beªvnxg K‡i‡Q|Ó wKš‘ Avey Beªvnx‡gi hLb GK AbvKvw•ÿZ
g„Zz¨ NU‡e, GB NUbvi K_v g‡b co‡j g‡b n‡e †h, ÒAvgiv weåvšÍ n‡q cowQ; Zvi g„Zz¨i
†Kv‡bv gv‡b Avgiv Luy‡R cve bv| nvu‡mi cvj‡Ki PvB‡ZI nvév Ges Zz”Q GK g„Zz¨i †fZi
Zv‡K Avgiv cwZZ n‡Z †`Le|Ó19 knx`yj Rwni GB g„Zz¨i AvL¨vbB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| cÖPwjZ
mgv‡jvPbvq Avey Beªvnx‡gi GB g„Zz¨i Kvwnwb‡K mvhyR¨ wePv‡i Mvewi‡qj gv‡K©‡Ri ÔG †W_
†dvi‡UvìÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡jI e¯‘Z ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ Dcb¨v‡mi g„Zz¨Kvwnwb
¯^Zš¿| †Kbbv, Rxe‡bi w`‡K cwiågY-B wQ‡jv Zvi jÿ¨|

106
jÿ Ki‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡e †h Avmbœ fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi g„Zz¨-m¤¢vebv QvovB GwM‡q hvw”Q‡jv
Avey Beªvnx‡gi Rxeb| †Kv‡bv mskq-RvMvwbqv Kg©KvÐ QvovB wQ‡jv Zvi wbZ¨w`‡bi c_Pjv; ¯¿x
ggZvi fvlvq GKUz ÔcvMjvwgÕ Zvi g‡a¨ wQ‡jv, we‡kølY Ki‡j †mUv‡K ga¨we‡Ëi ey‡R©vqv
g‡bve„wËi †ivg¨vw›UKZv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv| GKUz GKvwKZ¡ Dc‡fvMx †m
Avi dzimr †c‡jB †h Kv‡iv gv‡S †n‡j‡bi Qvqv A‡š^lY| wKš‘ Ò ggZv †n‡j‡bi welqwU
RvbZ, Avey Beªvnxg Zv‡K e‡jwQj|Ó20 AZGe G wb‡q msmv‡i g‡bvgvwjb¨ e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv
wZ³Zv wQ‡jv bv| †n‡j‡bi ¯§„wZ, ¯¿x-Kb¨v-cyÎ, AvZ¥xq-cwiRb, mnKg©x wmwÏK †nv‡mbÑ g~jZ
GB e¨w³eM© wN‡iB Avey Beªvnx‡gi Rxeb| †m Rxe‡b †`vj w`‡q hvq †n‡jb †eov‡Z G‡m Ges
Lv‡j` Rvwgj bvgK GK ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx| Kvh©Z G‡`i AvMg‡bB M‡íi msKU Nbxf~Z nq|

eûw`b ci †n‡jb Avey Beªvnx‡gi evmvq †eov‡Z G‡j ÒAvey Beªvnx‡gi wbKU AwZ cyivZb
GKwU mZ¨ cybivq cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv n‡jv GB †h, †n‡jb‡K Qvov †m g‡i hvqwb| Zvi g‡b nq
†h, †n‡j‡bi †m †cÖwgK wQj bv, c~Rvix wQj Ges †n‡jb †`ex‡`i g‡ZvB c~Rvix‡K Ae‡njv
Ki‡Z wk‡LwQj|Ó21 wKš‘ ax‡i ax‡i †`‡k Ae¯’vb Kiv w`b¸‡jv‡Z †n‡jb hLb Beªvnx‡gi m‡½
wgk‡Z _v‡K †ewk †ewk, ZLb Clv©i ¯^vfvweK gvÎv Qvwo‡q hvq ggZvi| mšÍvb‡`i wb‡q P‡j
hvq ev‡ci evwo| wgicy‡ii iƒcbM‡i miKvwi Avevmb cÖK‡í Rwgi Av‡e`‡bi Drmv‡n
GKmgq ggZv wd‡i Av‡m|

wKš‘ †n‡jb hvq bv| GKw`b GK eÜzi Lvwj evmvq mgq KvUv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡i Zviv| A_P Avey
Beªvnxg hLb Òm¤¢ve¨ NUbv †_‡K gvÎ GKwU ivwÎi e¨eav‡b `vuwo‡q, †m hLb GB mZ¨‡K
wbiveiY Ae¯’vq wb‡Ri mvg‡b ¯’vcb K‡i, †m ZLb †`‡L †h, Zvi ü`q GK †e`bvq f‡i hvq;
Avey Beªvnxg GB †e`bv wb‡q †m iv‡Z Nygvq|Ó22 ejvevûj¨, Avey Beªvnxg GB Av‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri
Aebgb †`L‡Z cvq, c~Rvix †_‡K †fvMx‡Z cwiYZ nevi hš¿Yv Zv‡K †e`bvZ© K‡i| d‡j,
mKv‡j †m Kv‡qvg‡bvev‡K¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _v‡K g‡b g‡b, ÒAvR‡K Zzwg wd‡i hvI †n‡jb,
gvbyl‡K Gfv‡e KL‡bv wd‡i †h‡Z nq, GKv welYœ I AvbZ n‡q, AvR‡K Zzwg wd‡i hvI|Ó 23
wKš‘ mg-cwigvY hš¿YvwK¬ó n‡q †n‡jbI cÖ¯ÍvweZ RvqMvq hvq bv| wZb Pvi w`b ci †n‡j‡bi
wPwV cvq Avey Beªvnxg, wPwV‡Z †m †j‡L †h, ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡K KL‡bv `ytL w`‡Z PvBwb
Beªvnxg|Ó24

107
cZ‡bi mg~nm¤¢vebv †_‡K wb‡R‡K a‡i ivL‡jI †e`bvwm³Zv Zvi ü`q‡K Av`ª© K‡i iv‡L|
†n‡j‡bi wPwV c‡o ÒAvey Beªvnxg eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, Zvi wKQz Kivi †bB, Ges Gici wKQzw`b
Zv‡K cybivq †mBme wMÖK Pwi‡Îi gv‡Zv g‡b nq, hviv wbqwZ Øviv cxwoZ nq Ges †mB
wbqwZ‡K enb K‡i P‡j|Ó25 wKš‘ Avey Beªvnxg †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wMÖK Pwi‡Îi g‡Zv wbqwZkvwmZ
bq| ï×mËvq DËi‡Yi †h Aw¯ÍZ¡ev`x AvKv•ÿv, †mB AvKv•ÿvB Zv‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i,
GKvwK‡Z¡i g‡a¨I †m †eu‡P _v‡K| †mB †eu‡P _vKvq †n‡j‡bi AwfNvZ Zv‡K `ye©j K‡i wbðq,
Zey evuPvi ¯^cœ Zvi g‡i bv|

¯^cœ evuwP‡q ivL‡Z †M‡j AvcvZ e¨_©Zv‡K fz‡j †kvK‡K ¸YMZ iƒcvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g Rxe‡bi
cv‡_q K‡i Zzj‡Z nq| wKš‘ Awbw`©ó †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Kvh©KviY gvby‡li Rxeb‡K cÖfvweZ
K‡i, cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i wPšÍvmxgvi †iLv AwZµg Ki‡Z| Lv‡j` Rvwgj GB k~b¨Zvq Avwef©~Z nq|
AZtci, †jLK Avey Beªvnx‡gi cieZ©x cwiYwZ wb‡`©km~‡Î †hvM K‡ib:

ÒGB cÖm‡½ Avgv‡`i g‡b n‡e †h, Ab¨ GK wbqwZi g‡Zv Lv‡j` Rvwgj Avey Beªvnx‡gi
Rxe‡b cÖKvwkZ nq Ges e¯‘Z Zvi g„Zz¨i w`bwU ch©šÍ wµqvkxj _v‡K|Ó26

jUvwi‡Z Rwgi gvwjK nq Avey Beªvwng| Pwjøk nvRvi UvKv cÖ‡qvRb| k¦ïi mva‡jI wb‡Z Pvq
bv †m| wKš‘ GKUv wm‡g‡›Ui Avg`vwb-evwY‡R¨ ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx wn‡m‡e Lvwj` Rvwgj Avey
Beªvnx‡gi `vi¯’ nq| GUvB Zvi Rxebavi‡Yi gva¨g| Beªvnxg‡K aivi Rb¨ †m evK¨Rvj iPbv
K‡i, me©wb¤œ `i nvuKv †Kv¤úvwb‡K Ôc¨vwKs †¯úwmwd‡Kk‡biÕ dvuwK‡Z †d‡j †UÛviUv †c‡Z
Pvq| `k nvRvi Ub wm‡g‡›U cÖvq 20 nvRvi Wjv‡ii e¨emv K‡i gybvdv Ki‡Z Pvq, †mRb¨
Dr‡KvP wn‡m‡e bM` 30 nvRvi UvKvI †i‡L hvq Beªvnx‡gi evwo‡Z G‡m:

ÒAvey Beªvnxg hLb †Uwe‡ji Dci ivLv Bb‡fjcwUi w`‡K ZvKvq ZLb Zvi `„wó‡Z wK wQj,
welYœZv A_ev nil, Zv Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi bv|Ó27

Z‡e nl© †h wQ‡jv bv, Zv Avey Beªvnx‡gi cieZ©x Kg©Kv‡ÐB ¯úó n‡q hvq| †Kbbv ïiæ †_‡KB
†m wb‡Ri cZb-aŸwb ïb‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jv, Lv‡j` Rvwg‡ji Kv‡Q ¯^w¯Í †eva †m K‡iwb GKeviI|
hw`I ÒAvey Beªvnxg mÁv‡b Zvi wm×všÍ wb‡qwQj Ges wba©vwiZ NUbvwU NUvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv
KiwQj; hw`I Zvi †fZ‡i GKB m‡½ wQj Abf¨¯ÍZvi A¯^w¯Í|Ó28 GB A¯^w¯Í Aw¯ÍZ¡ev`x‡`i
Kv‡Q AvZ¥cÖÿvj‡bi c~e©kZ©| †h‡nZz Òg„Zz¨ Avey Beªvnx‡gi eo AwcÖq cÖm½ wQjÓ29 †m‡nZz

108
Rxe‡bi c‡_ mvnmx c`‡ÿcB wQ‡jv Zvi Aviva¨| wKš‘ Lv‡j` Rvwg‡ji Dcw¯’wZ I cÖ¯Ívemg~n
Zv‡K cybivq cZ‡bi wKbvivq wb‡q hvq:

ÒAvey Beªvnxg †`L‡Z cvq †h, ‡m GB †jvKwUi evK¨Rvj †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| `ye©jZv Ges
cZb Zv‡K µgvš^‡q MÖvm Ki‡Z _v‡K †mB w`bwU ch©šÍ, †h w`bwU mnmvB Av‡m Ges †hw`b
†m wb‡Ri wek¦vm‡K cybivq k³ K‡i †bq|Ó30

GB k³ wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡YB †m †UÛv‡ii †Kv‡Ukb¸‡jv cybwb©ixÿY K‡i Ges Ôc¨vwKs

†¯úwmwd‡Kk‡bÕi welqwU Ô†b‡Mvwk‡q‡UejÕ e‡j †bvU w`‡q me©wb¤œ `i nvuKv †Kv¤úvwbi c‡ÿ
_v‡K Ges wØZxq me©wb¤œ `i`vZv Lv‡j` Rvwg‡ji †Kv¤úvwb‡K bvKP K‡i †`q| AZtci Lv‡j`
Rvwgj •Kwdqr PvB‡Z G‡j Beªvnxg Zv‡K wb‡Ri KZ©e¨wbôv I AcviMZvi K_v Rvbvq,
ÒLv‡j` Rvwgj Zvi GB K_v ï‡b fzj K‡i GKUz nv‡m Ges Gfv‡eB †m fzj Ki‡Z _v‡K,
A_ev Gfv‡eB †m †hb GK cwiPq †_‡K Ab¨ GK cwiP‡qi †fZi G‡m `vuovq Ges
`yfv© M¨µ‡g Avey Beªvnxg Zvi wemwR©Z †PZbvi cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zv‡K kbv³ K‡i|Ó31

GB kbvw³mvdj¨B Avey Beªvnxg‡K hy× Kivi kw³ †RvMvq; Lv‡j` Rvwgj Zvi A_© †diZ
PvB‡j †m Zv‡K `y-GKevi A¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Ri mvg_¨© cÖ`k©b K‡i| Zvici GK g½jevi
wRwcIi mvg‡b UvKv †diZ w`‡Z †M‡j wQbZvBKvix‡`i QzwiKvNv‡Z Avey Beªvnxg wbnZ nq|
Avi ÒGfv‡e nvu‡mi cvjK L‡m covi PvB‡ZI nvév Ges Zz”Q GK g„Zz¨ Avey Beªvnxg‡K MÖvm
K‡i Ges Zv‡K wb‡q m½Z Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i Avi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn _v‡K bv; Zv‡K Avgiv
wew¯§Z(we¯§„Z) nB|Ó32 Av`‡Z †KDB Zv‡K Avi g‡b iv‡L bv| Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b, mšÍvb‡`i
fwel¨r Kíbvq `y eQi ci Zvi ¯¿x ggZvI Avãyj nvwKg bvgK GKR‡bi Rxebmw½bx nq|
Ke‡i GKvKx c‡o _v‡K Avey Beªvnxg, †kKmwcq‡ii Uªv‡RwWi bvqK‡`i g‡Zv wb‡Ri
Kg©ÎæwU‡Z c‡o wM‡qI †h wb‡R‡K †klch©šÍ we‡qvMvšÍ cwimgvwßi c_ †_‡K †U‡b G‡bwQ‡jv;
wKš‘ GK ewÂZ †kÖwYi A_ev GK †kvlK †kÖwYi ÿzavi c¨vu‡P c‡o AbvKvw•ÿZfv‡e Zz”Q GK
g„Zz¨‡K †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jv|

Aw¯ÍZ¡msMÖvgx Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨‡K †K‡›`ª †i‡L knx`yj Rwni Dcb¨vmwUi ïiæ †_‡K †kl
ch©šÍ †h Aven cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb Zv Abb¨| wmivRMÄ kn‡ii Kvwjevwo †iv‡oi ggZv‡`i evwoi
cÖv½Y †_‡K RvbvRvi Rb¨ Avey Beªvnx‡gi jv‡ki LvwUqv gmwR‡`i w`‡K wb‡q hvevi mgq †_‡K
ïiæ n‡jI G M‡íi AZxZ `„k¨ ggZvi ¯§„wZi d¬vke¨vK e¨envi K‡i knx`yj Rwni M‡íi cÖ_g
109
`„‡k¨ wd‡i‡Qb| Zvici h_vixwZ Mí †k‡li w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡Q Ges cybivq Beªvnx‡gi jv‡ki
m‡½ wmivRM‡Ä wd‡i †M‡Q; AZtci `y eQ‡i ggZvi †kv‡K Beªvnxg †eu‡P wQ‡jv| wKš‘ K_vKvi
MíwU‡K ggZvi cwiYwZ †`wL‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e AviI ¯úó K‡i Avey Beªvnx‡gi GKvKx n‡q
hvevi wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb|

Abycw¯’Z Pwi·K `„‡k¨ Avmvi AvM ch©šÍ bvbvwea iƒ‡c nvwRi K‡i‡Qb; †hgb †n‡jb PwiÎwU|
`„wói mvg‡b cwiù~U nevi AvMch©šÍ Beªvnxg evisevi Zv‡K Avwe®‥vi K‡i‡Q, KLbI Kb¨vi
iƒ‡c, KLbI XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ RvqMvq, †hLv‡b AZxZ wQ‡jv Zvi †n‡j‡bi m‡½:

ÒjvB‡eªixi GB eviv›`v, gayi f~Zz‡i K¨vw›Ub, Kjvfeb, meLv‡bB Zvi cv‡qi wPý Av‡Q Ges
GL‡bv jvB‡eªixi wcQ‡bi PZ¡‡i cvg Mv‡Qi Kv‡Q Nv‡mi Dci `xN©kv¦ ‡mi g‡Zv evZvm e‡q
hvq|Ó33

G‡Z K‡i Pwi‡Îi gvnvZ¥¨ cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq Avwef©v‡ei c~‡e©B| wKš‘ Lv‡j` Rvwg‡ji g‡Zv
Pwi·K wZwb GZv e‡ov f~wgKv w`‡q nvwRi K‡ib bv| me©‡ÿ‡Î Giv ¯^v_© nvwmj Ki‡Z Pvq|
Z‡e `„‡k¨ AvmvgvÎB PwiÎwU wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv cÖKvk K‡i Ges cÖwZbvq‡Ki gh©v`vq AwawôZ
nq| fvlvq, fw½gvq, PvZz‡h© I Mv¤¢x‡h© bvq‡Ki Dci cÖvqk cÖfvewe¯Ívix G‡nb Lj PwiÎ
wbg©v‡Y knx`yj Rwni wm×n¯Í; cÖvmw½Kfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK
ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨v‡m e`y gvIjvbv, Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gvgyb Ii‡d Li‡Kvm Ii‡d
KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK cÖgyL Pwi‡Îi bvg| Zvui †QvUMí ev Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎmg~n ZvB me©`vB
¯^Zš¿ PvwiΨwb‡`©kx| †mB Pwiθ‡jv cÖvYešÍ Zv‡`i gy‡Li fvlvq| Rwni PwiÎmg~‡ni Drm-
f~‡Mv‡ji fvlvfw½gv w`‡q wbwØ©avq Zv‡`i mevK K‡ib; hw`I Zviv gvb evOjv e¨env‡iI cÖvqk
mgvb cUz| ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ Dcb¨v‡mi Avey Beªvnxg ZvB evmvq ¯¿x-mšÍvb‡`i m‡½
wmivRM‡Äi †jv‡Kv”Pvi‡Y fve wewbgq K‡i wKš‘ Awdwmqvwj †m Bs‡iwR I gvb evsjv e¨env‡i
mgvb cvi`k©x ; wb‡¤œvwjøwLZ D×…Zvs‡ki wb¤œ‡iL evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki‡j welqwU ¯úó cÖgvY
cvIqv hv‡e:

Zvici †mw`b we‡K‡j †m(Lv‡j` Rvwgj) cybivq Avey Beªvnx‡gi evmvq Av‡m|
Z`wei Ki‡Z G‡jb?
Lv‡j` Rvwgj Zvi K_vq weeªZ nq bv, gy‡Li nvwm a‡i †i‡L e‡j, Zv bq, Av‡Qb †Kgb?
AvwQ|

110
 Lvwj N‡i e‡m †_‡K w`b Kv‡U?
Avi wK Kie?34

Z‡e eY©bvi fvl¨ e¨env‡i GB Dcb¨‡m wZwb cÖPwjZ cÖwgZ eY©bKvVv‡gv †g‡b P‡j‡QbÑ hv
cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb Avi eRvq iv‡Lbwb, Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bfvl¨ hvi DrK…ó
D`vniY| welqwU ZK©mv‡cÿ, Z‡e knx`yj Rwni wb‡RB Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb
cieZ©xKv‡j(Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jvPbvq `ªóe¨)| †jLK GB Dcb¨vm ch©šÍ †mB
AskMÖnY †_‡K GKUz `~‡iB wQ‡jb, fvlvi †Ljvq †g‡Z‡Qb cieZ©xKv‡j cÖKvwkZ M‡í I
Dcb¨v‡m| hvi mnR ms‡KZ cvIqv hvq cieZ©x Dcb¨vm Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ‡Z| e¯‘Z,
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi GKwU Aw¯’i ivR‣bwZK mg‡qi Rxeb ev¯ÍeZvq GK Avgjv, Zvi
ü`qMZ †ivg¨vw›UK †e`bv, `yb©xwZi m‡½ m¤ú„w³ Ges gyw³jv‡fi cÖvYvšÍcÖ‡Póv †`Lv‡bvi
cvkvcvwk †jLK IB ev¯ÍeZvi w`‡KI Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb, †hLv‡b me©vZ¥Ki‡Y ï×ZvKvgx GK
msMÖvgxi g„Zz¨UvI AwbwðZ| GUv †Kv‡bv wbqwZ-kw³ cwiPvwjZ g„Zz¨ bq, eis mvwe©K ev¯ÍeZv
Ggb cwiw¯’wZ •Zwi K‡i †i‡L‡Q †h, hLb †Kv‡bv B”QvB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e c~iY nevi bq|
ci¯úiwe‡ivax kw³¸‡jv wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z wb‡R‡`i‡KB Avµg‡Yi e¯‘ wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ K‡i|

†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj

welq, Kvwnwb-KvVv‡gv I cwiYwZ cÖ`k©‡b Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ knx`yj Rwn‡ii GKwU
D”Pvwfjvlx Av‡qvRb| cÖvwšÍK f~‡Mv‡ji cwimxgvq, †gavq-AvZ¥wek¦v‡m, †K․k‡j I `~i`„wó¸‡Y
mynvwmbx MÖv‡gi ÿgZv‡K›`ª n‡q IVv gwdRywχbi k~b¨ †_‡K gnxiƒn e„‡ÿi g‡Zv DÌvb Ges
¸ßnZ¨vi wkKvi n‡q mcwiev‡i wbt‡kl nIqvi UªvwRK AvL¨vb GB Dcb¨vm| wekvj gwngv¸‡Y
GKRb Rb‡bZvi cÖK…Z †bZv n‡q IVvi ci ÿgZvi nvZ e`j wb‡q m¤¢ve¨ †h cÖPwjZ
KvwnwbKvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q, †mB KvVv‡gv e¨envi K‡iB knx`yj Rwni wb‡Ri Mí †du‡`‡Qb Ges BwZ
†U‡b‡Qb G‡Kev‡i ¯^Kxq fw½gvq| `xN© Rxeb wbR g„Zz¨-m¤úwK©Z åvšÍ wek¦v‡mi cZb n‡j
wbw`©ó w`‡bi eû c~‡e© G‡m g„Zz¨ nvbv †`q gwdRywÏb wgqv‡K; ivR‣bwZK cÖwZØ›Øxi cÖej

111
AvNv‡Z mcwiev‡i g„Zz¨i Kv‡Q civRq eiY K‡i †m, Avi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU cwiev‡ii Ges
†mBm‡½ GKwU Rbc‡`i HwZnvwmK DÌv‡bi BwZe„Ë AvcvZ cwiYwZ jvf K‡i|

e¯‘Z gwdRywχbi DÌvb-cZ‡bi AvL¨vb n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³-Pwi‡Îi AvL¨vbvskI G‡Z Rwo‡q
i‡q‡Q cwic~iK gwngv wb‡q| gwdRywχbi g‡Zv †K›`ªxq PwiÎ Av‡jv‡Z wb‡q Avmvi Av‡M Zvi
Rb¥e„ËvšÍ ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †jLK| f~wgnxb K…lK AvKvjyi Kzwo‡q cvIqv Kb¨vwkï,
hvi †Kv‡bv bvg Rvbv hvqwb KLbI; †mB wkï •K‡kv‡i DËxY© n‡q †mB cvjK AvKvjyi ¯¿x‡Z
iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q †h mšÍv‡bi Rb¥ †`q †m-B nq cieZ©xKv‡ji gwdRywÏb| wgqv evwoi RvgvZvq
cwiYZ n‡q †m ÔwgqvÕ Dcvwa AR©b K‡i| GB Dcvwa AR©‡bi c‡_ gwdRywÏb-P›`ªfv‡bi
wgjbvL¨vbI GB KvwnwbM‡f©i cÖavbZg Ask wn‡m‡e †jLK Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| AZtci
gwdRywχbi msMÖvgKwVb I mvdj¨c~Y© Rxe‡bi we¯Ívi, mšÍvbvw`, †Z‡iv cy‡Îi Rb¥`vb Ges †mB
cyÎmgwói g‡a¨ wZbwU cyÎ h_vµ‡g †gvjøv bvwmiDwÏb, wmwÏK gv÷vi Ges iwdKz‡ji e¨w³MZ
Rxe‡bi NUbvsk, we‡klZ cÖYqNwUZ e¨w³MZ welv‡`i Kvwnwb Ry‡o knx`yj Rwni GB UªvwRK
AvL¨bwU‡K iƒcgq K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Kvh©Z, cyηqi Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv GBme Kvwnwb hy³ K‡i
†jLK †K›`ªxq PwiÎ gwdRywχbi Rxe‡biB we¯Ívi †`wL‡q‡Qb; hvi mva wQ‡jv mvivRxeb
Rxe‡bi Pvl K‡i hvIqvÑ hw`I Zrc~‡e© AbvKvw•ÿZ g„Zz¨ G‡m mcwiev‡i Zv‡K webvk K‡i‡Q|

k~b¨ †_‡K gnxiƒ‡n cwiYZ nIqv gwdRywχbi AvL¨vb eY©bvq †jLK ¯úóZ `ywU cÿ •Zwi
K‡i‡Qb; GKw`‡K hviv gwdRywχbi †bZ…Z¡ †g‡b wb‡q Zv‡K AbymiY Kivi †g․b cÖZ¨q e¨³
K‡i‡Q me©`v, Aciw`‡K gwdRywχbi evj¨Kv‡ji I DÌvbc‡e©i eÜy Kwig Lvui cyÎ AvdRvj Lvu
I †c․Î Bw`ªm Lvu| AvÂwjK ivRbxwZi ÿgZv `L‡j gwdRywχbi eÜzcy‡Îi Awfjvl
cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbe„Ë Ki‡Z cvi‡jI †c․‡Îi Awfjvl-wm³ KzPµvšÍ †_‡K gwdRywÏb iÿv cvq
bv| djZ ÿgZvi nvZ e`‡ji HwZnvwmK NUbvmg~‡ni g‡ZvB GLv‡b GKwU DcwiKvVv‡gv
cvIqv hvq, †hLv‡b †klch©šÍ gwdRywÏb civwRZ Ges mcwiev‡i wbnZ|

ÿgZve„‡Ëi AšÍivjeZ©x Avi †hmKj AvL¨vbvsk †jLK Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ Dcb¨v‡mi
AšÍfz©³ K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡Z cÖvY¯úk©x n‡q D‡V‡Q gwdRywÏb-P›`ªfvb, evRv‡ii †ek¨v bqbZviv
KZ…©K gwdRywχbi Rxeb`vb, gwngvc~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q wmwÏK gv÷vi-Av‡jKRv‡bi wgjbKvwnwb,
bvwmiDwÏb-`yjvwji Øvw›ØK ‣Øi_ Ges iwdKzj-RvbœvZ Avivi A¯úó †cÖ‡gvcvL¨vb| GBme
DcvL¨v‡b gwdRywχbi mie I bxie Dcw¯’wZ †K›`ªxq PwiÎ wn‡m‡e Zv‡K cyó K‡i‡Q, `vb

112
K‡i‡Q wekvjZ¡; hv Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q ivqMÄ, mynvwmbx cÖf…wZ Rbc‡`i mvgwóK RxebgvnvZ¥¨‡K|
e¯‘Z, Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ gwdRywÏb wgqvi-B AvL¨vbfz³ Rxebe„Ë|

wcZv AvKvjy I †evev gv‡qi mšÍvb wn‡m‡e Am¤¢e †Z‡RvÏxß n‡q I‡V gwdRywÏb, cÖejcÖv ‡Yi
we”Qzi‡Y †m •K‡kv‡iB mvnwmKZvi m‡½ KvwR‡`i cvMjv KzKzi cvëv avIqv K‡i †g‡i †d‡j
wb‡Ri exiZ¡ wb‡q RbRxe‡b wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rvbvb †`q| Zvi GB ex‡ivwPZ DÌvb mn‡RB
Rbg‡b bvq‡Ki Avmb `Lj K‡i Ges mvgwóK Rxe‡bi fvebvcÖev‡n Rb¥ w`‡Z _v‡K G‡Ki ci
GK bvq‡KvwPZ Kíbvi| †mB Kíbv mZ¨Zvi kvLvcÖkvLv wb‡q †e‡o DV‡Z _v‡K Zvi
hvÎv`‡ji mv‡_ cvwj‡q Avevi wd‡i Avmvi NUbvq, †ek¨v bqbZvivi PvZz‡h© WvKvZ‡`i KvQ
†_‡K Rxeb wb‡q wd‡i Avmvq, bqbZvivi nvU cÖwZôvq Ges AmvaviY cÖZz¨rcbœgwZ‡Z¡i m‡½
wgqv evwoi Kb¨v P›`ªfvb‡K we‡q Kivi mvd‡j¨i ga¨ w`‡q| mvgšÍxq mgvRKvVv‡gvi cÖvšÍeZ©x
mvgvb¨ eM©vPvlxi cyÎ wn‡m‡e †K›`ª¯’ wgqvevwoi RvgvZv wn‡m‡e AwaôvbÑ iƒcK_vi g‡Zv
DÌv‡bi GB Kvwnwb mn‡RB Zvi m¤úwK©Z inm¨gq aviYvmg~n‡K Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡b mZ¨-wg_¨v
†gkv‡bv GK wek¦v‡m cwiYZ K‡i| gwdRywÏb wgqv †mB wek¦v‡m emevmKvix GK †jvKbvqK,
hvi DÌvb I cZ‡bi mv‡_ c~wY©gviv‡Zi gvqv‡gkv‡bv †R¨vr¯œvi ms‡hvM Awew”Qbœfv‡e engvb|

cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕi g‡ZvB knx`yj Rwni Zvui GB wØZxq Dcb¨v‡mi
AvL¨vb mvwR‡q‡Qb wbR¯^ fw½gvq| ¯§„wZm~Î e¨env‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wm‡bgv-m¤úv`bvi
wjwbqvwiwUiÿv K‡i cÖvmw½Kfv‡e Kvwnwbi LÐvsk¸‡jvi ci¤úiv web¨vm K‡i‡Qb wZwb| G‡Z
cÖPwjZ Kvwnwb I mg‡qi avivevwnK HK¨ iwnZ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ M‡o D‡V‡Q GK eqv‡bi †Nvi
hv‡Z cvVK mn‡RB wb‡R‡K gvwb‡q wb‡q NUbvi Abyµ‡g hy³ _vK‡Z mÿg nq| GK c~wY©gv
iv‡Z mcwiev‡i gwdRywÏb wgqv AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ n‡j MÖv‡gi Rbgn‡j †m NUbvi Kxiƒc
cÖfve c‡o Ges Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡`i K‡_vcK_‡b Zvi Zz‡j Av‡b gwdRywχbi DÌvb I cZ‡bi
c~e©vci, †mB fw½, hv A‡bKUv Avengvb evsjvi ¯^vfvweK •eVKx Mí ejvi aib‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q
†`q, †mB †`kxq fw½‡Z wZwb cÖvwšÍK †Mvôxe× gvby‡li ¯§„wZevwnZ gyLwbtm„Z AvL¨vb wn‡m‡e
Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB e³v ev eY©bvKvix †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e ewY©Ze¨
Pwi‡Îi RxebvL¨v‡bi m‡½ RwoZ| †mB ms‡hvMm~‡ÎB †m Ab¨vb¨ AwfÁZvm¤úbœ e¨w³eM© †_‡K
†m ¯^Zš¿ Ges AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨| GB †hvM¨Zve‡jB MÖv‡gi cyi‡bv bvwcZ, eZ©gv‡b gyw`
†`vKvb`vi †Zvivc Avwj GB AvL¨v‡bi c~e©vci eY©bv K‡i| Z‡e AvL¨v‡bi mKjcÖKvi

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eY©bvm~·KB g~j PwiÎmg~‡ni ev NUbvmg~‡ni m‡½ m¤ú„³ †i‡L †jLK Gi NUbmZ¨Zvi
hyw³hy³ weeiY w`‡q‡Qb|

Dcb¨v‡mi ïiæi evK¨wU jÿ Ki‡jB cwi®‥vi n‡e †h, knx`yj Rwn‡ii jÿ¨ wQ‡jv mvgwóK
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K AvL¨vb eqb Kiv| †jLK ïiæ K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e:

MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i †m iv‡Zi Pvu‡`i K_v g‡b c‡o Ges Zviv †mB Pvu‡`i eY©bv †`q|
AvZZvqx‡`i nv‡Z fv`ª gv‡mi GK †gNnxb c~wY©gv iv‡Z mynvwmbxi gwdRywÏb wgqv mcwiev‡i
wbnZ nevi ciw`b, MÖvgevmx‡`i †KD †KD gwni miKv‡ii evwoi cÖv½‡Y G‡m R‡ov nq|35

evK¨ `ywUi g‡a¨ wb¤œ‡iL kãmg~n we‡kl `„wói `vwe`vi; †hLv‡b †jLK MÖvgevsjvi GKwU
wPivqZ AvÇvi cwi‡ek iPbv K‡i‡Qb; GKwU gg©vwšÍK NUbv N‡U hvevi c‡ii w`‡b MÖv‡gi
†KD †KD †hLv‡b R‡ov n‡q wb‡R‡`i mvg‡j wb‡”Q Ges NUbvi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Ki‡Z| wKš‘
†mB mKv‡j Zv‡`i g‡b hLb †mB NUbvi ίÍfve weivRgvb Ges Zviv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i ïay
†mB `yN©Ubvi iv‡Zi fiv c~wY©gvi K_v, ZLb NUbv GwM‡q wb‡Z †jLK †Zvivc Avwj‡K wb‡q
Av‡mb|

†Zvivc Avwj †_‡jv ûu‡Kvq ZvgvK †U‡b wb‡Ri †mB iv‡Zi AwfÁZv I c~‡e©i Kvwnwb eY©bv
K‡i| MÖv‡gi mevB hLb Rv‡b †h, gwdRywÏb wgqvi 111 eQi †eu‡P _vKvi K_v _vK‡jI gvÎ
81 eQi eq‡m mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡q‡Q, ZLb †jLK GB eq‡mi inm¨ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib †Zvivc
Avwji gva¨‡g| †Zvivc Avwj e‡j †m Kxfv‡e GKevi Pzj KvU‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri I¯Ív‡`i †kLv‡bv
Áv‡b gwdRywχbi nv‡Zi †iLv †`‡L eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv Zvi LwÐZ Rxe‡bi K_v| Zvici Ò†m
e‡j, Avwg Pzj KvUv _vgvqv ZvKvqv _vwK, wRÁvm Kwi, g¨vmvi Avc‡bi nv‡Zi †iLv¸jvb GB
iKg K¨v? g¨vmve wei³ nq wK bv Avgvi K_v ïBb¨v, Zv eywRevi cvwi bv, †Kgb M¤¢xi nq¨v
Kq, wK iKg? Avwg mvnm ivBL¨v KB, †Kgb Rvwb Movqv cBoZ¨v‡Q, wK Rvwb evqv cBoZ¨v‡Q
Rwg‡bi w`‡K g‡b nq|Ó †Zviv‡ci GB mskq Dwo‡q w`‡q gwdRywÏb Zv‡K Rvbvq †h, Ònv‡Zi
†iLvq †m wek¦vm K‡i bvÓ Ges †Zvivc‡K Rvbvq ÒAvwg GKk GMvi e”Qi evuPgy, GBU¨v †jLv
nq¨v Av‡Q|Ó36 AZtci †m †Zvivc‡K cÖgvY †`Lvq; †Zvivc Avwj e‡j †h, Ò†m †`L‡Z cvq
eva©‡K¨ KzuP‡K Avmv wbZ‡¤^i Pvgovi Ici †hb Kvwj w`‡q †jLv Av‡Q 111Ó 37| GB cÖgvY
cvIqv †Zvivc djZ, Dcw¯’Z †kÖvZ…gÐwji g‡a¨ KZ©„Z¡ AR©b K‡i Ges †m wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi
m‡½B wb‡Ri AwfÁZv eqvb K‡i|
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†Zviv‡ci eqvbm~‡ÎB Dcw¯’Z †kÖvZ…e„‡›`ig‡b c‡o gwdRywχbi GB `xN© Rxebjv‡fi hveZxq
m~Î Ges †mB ¯§„wZm~Î e¨envi K‡iB †jLK gwdRywχbi Rb¥Kvwnwb ¯§iY K‡i| gwdRywχbi
Rb¥Kvwnwb ¯§iYm~‡Î †jLK mn‡RB AvL¨v‡bi mj‡ZcvKv‡bv Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ K‡ib Ges ïiæ nq
gwdRywχbi wcZv AvKvjy Ges evK&cÖwZeÜx gvZvi Kvwnwb| A‡bKUv Ô†PBb †UjÕ*-Gi g‡Zv
K‡i wZwb Kvwnwb AZx‡Zi Aa¨vq‡K eZ©gv‡bi m‡½ m¤ú„³ K‡i| †h‡nZz ¯§„wZm~‡ÎB ewY©Z nq
Kvwnwb †m‡nZz Av‡Mi Kvwnwb c‡ii Kvwnwb ci¯úi my‡Zvi g‡Zv Rwo‡q _v‡K A‡bK mgq|
Rbgvby‡li ¯§„wZ †_‡K AvüZ †Kv‡bv NUbv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv ci¤úivµg bv †g‡bB
A‡bK mgq ms‡hvwRZ nq GB Dcb¨v‡m| †hgb †Zvivc Avwj I Ab¨v‡b¨i ¯§i‡Y cÖ_‡gB AwZ
mv¤úªwZK NUbvcÖevn ewY©Z n‡q‡Q GB Dcb¨v‡m| AZtci gwdRywÏb wgqvi wcZv-gvZv, gvZvi
`yfv© M¨gq Rb¥ cieZ©xKv‡j gwdRywχbi wcZv AvKvjy-KZ©„K Zvi cybev©mb Ges ZrcieZ©x‡Z
AvKvjyi m‡½ †mB †evev Kb¨vi weevn Ges weevn-cieZ©xKv‡j GK c~wY©gv iv‡Z gwdRywχbi
¯§iYxq Rb¥jv‡fi Kvwnwb mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Gici ïay gwdRywχbi DÌv‡bi wewPÎ LÐ`„k¨|
gwdRywχbi KvwR‡`i cvMjv KzKzi cvëv avIqv K‡i †g‡i †djvi gva¨‡g exiZ¡c~Y© Awf‡lK
Ges †mB Awf‡lK ¯§viK wn‡m‡e wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ cvIqv †mB Rbc‡`i ÔKzËv gvivi gv‡VÕi
M‡íi m‡½ wb‡Ri m¤ú„w³ Zv‡K Rbgvb‡m Ô†jvKbvqKÕ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i|

cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K gwdRywχbi hvÎv EaŸ©Mvgx; Zvi wcZv evÜv Kvgjv n‡jI †klch©šÍ †m
wb‡Ri †gav I PvZzh© e¨envi K‡i wgqvevwoi RvgvZv wn‡m‡eB M„nxZ nq| gwdRywÏb‡K evuPv‡Z,
WvKvZ‡`i civwRZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨, wb‡Ri Rxeb `vb Kiv †ek¨v bqbZvivi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv
AwfÁZv gwdRywÏb‡K AviI mvnmx K‡i †Zv‡j; bqbZvivi †`wL‡q †`qv wbZ‡¤^i wZbwU Ro–
j‡K 111 g‡b K‡i g„Zz¨ mnmv Kv‡Q †Nul‡Q bv Ñ GgZ wek¦v‡m †m Av‡jvwoZ n‡q fwel¨‡Zi
c_m„wó‡Z Zrci nq Ges MÖv‡g G‡m cÖ_‡gB †jvKRb I eÜz‡`i wb‡q bqbZvivi nvU ewm‡q
†`q| AZtci GKgvÎ RvgvZv wn‡m‡e k¦ïi evwoi DËivwaKvi AR©‡bi cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri
†hvM¨Zv I †gav mn‡hv‡M mynvwmbx-ivqM‡Äi †bZvq cwiYZ nq| wb‡Ri eske„w×i m‡½ m‡½
ÿgZve„w× Zv‡K †¯^”QvPvix e¨w³Z¡iƒ‡c cÖwôZ K‡i| Ges †mwUB `„k¨Z Zvi mcwiev‡i cZ‡bi
KviY n‡q `vuovq| wKš‘ wb‡Ri †Rv‡ii †P‡q wb‡Ri †hvM¨ZvB gwdRywÏb‡K `xN©Kvj ÿgZvq
AwawôZ iv‡L Ges Ac‡ii A‡hvM¨Zv Zv‡K g„Zz¨i AvM-gyn~Z© ch©šÍ Awemsev`x †bZv wn‡m‡e
envj iv‡L| gwdRywχbi ÿgZv‡K‡›`ª Awaôv‡bi ci eÜz Kwig Lvui cyÎ-†c․Î hZw`‡b †hvM¨
cÖwZcÿ ev `vwe`vi n‡q M‡o I‡V, ZZw`‡b gwdRywχbi cÖwZØ›Øx-wenxb _vKvi gvbwmKZv M‡o
115
D‡V‡Q Ges †m‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_b D`xqgvb evav wn‡m‡e eÜzcyÎ AvdRvj Lvu‡K †m kvwm‡qB `wg‡q
ivL‡Z mÿg nq|

GKw`‡K †mB Lvu cwieviwe‡Ë I wkÿvq wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨ I ÿgZvevb K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Ab¨w`‡K
GKgvÎ Ave`yj AvwRR e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv cyÎB gwdRywχbi g‡Zv †bZ…Z¡¸‡Yi K`i K‡iwb|
cvkvcvwk `yjvwji g„Zz¨i ci Zvi cÖwZ GKcÖKvi evrmj¨RvZ `ye©jZv I ¯§„wZiÿvi myß evmbv
†_‡K mynvwmbxi iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Yi Kv‡R evav †`qvq Lvu cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Ges MÖv‡gi `„k¨gvb
DbœwZi c‡_i evav wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K wPwýZ K‡i †d‡j †m| Kvh©Z Lvu cwiev‡ii me‡P‡q
†bZ…Z¡¸Ym¤úbœ mšÍvb Bw`ªm Lvu‡qi Kv‡Q GB KzwÿZ ÿgZvavix kÎæ e‡jB we‡ewPZ nq Ges
wcZv AvdRvj Lvu‡K Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva †bevi †gvÿg my‡hv‡Mi A‡cÿvq _v‡K|

BDwbqb Dc‡Rjvi wbe©vPb Nwb‡q G‡j cÖZ¨vkv g‡Zv gwdRywÏb †klev‡ii g‡Zvwebv
cÖwZØw›ØZvqDc‡Rjv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Pvq Ges †klch©šÍ m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZØ›Øx AvdRvj Lvu-Bw`ªm Lvu
cwiev‡ii mv‡_ •eV‡KI wgwjZ n‡q Zv‡`i‡K wbe©vPb bv Kivi Aby‡ivaI K‡i| wb‡Ri eqm
†ewk GB ARynv‡Z †hb ÿgZv bv Qz‡U hvq †m Rb¨ wb‡Ri ¯’jvwfwl³ Ki‡Z Pvq cyÎ Ave`yj
AvwRR‡K| GB mg‡SvZvi g‡a¨ †m Bw`ªm Lvu‡K Ggwc wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZI †`q|
wKš‘ wKQz‡ZB wKQz nq bv| wb‡R‡`i cÖwZcwË I MÖv‡gi Dbœq‡bi †`vnvB †`wL‡q Lvu cwievi
‡g․bxfve Aej¤^b K‡i; Ges wbe©vP‡bi c~‡e©B AvZZvqxi Avµg‡Y mcwiev‡i wbnZ nq
gwdRywÏb wgqv|

GB KvwnwbKvVv‡gvi g‡a¨I knx`yj Rwni we¯Ívi NwU‡q‡Qb gwdRywÏb wgqvi DËicyiæl‡`i

AvL¨vbvsk mshy³ K‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î †jLK †jvKQovi †PBb †Uj •ewk‡ó¨i cwiPh©vq cÖ_‡gB hy³
K‡i‡Qb iwdKzj Bmjvg I RvbœvZ Avivi Ac~Y© cÖYqvL¨vb| ivqMÄ Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnxi Kb¨v
RvbœvZ Avivi mv‡_ †h m¤ú‡K© Rovq iwdKzj Bmjvg Zv‡K †cÖg nq‡Zv ejv hvq bv, wKš‘
cieZ©xKv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q covKv‡j wb‡Ri evÜex wkgy‡ji Kv‡Q †m †h Mí e‡j iwdKzj
m¤ú‡K©, Zv‡K †cÖ‡gi c~e©ivMB ejv P‡j| †mB AvL¨vb-B †jLK Dcb¨v‡mi GB ch©v‡q hy³
K‡ib wbnZ cwiev‡ii weaŸ¯Í wP‡Îi Abycy•L eY©bvi GK cÖm‡½:

ÒAb¨ Avi GKwU N‡ii †fZi †_‡K Zviv (MÖvgevmx) A‡bK¸‡jv Ava‡cvov jvj gjv‡Ui eB
†ei K‡i Ges Zv‡`i †fZi hviv co‡Z cv‡i Zviv K‡qKwU eB‡qi gjv‡Ui Ici AÿZ bvg

116
 c‡o, cvuPwU cÖeÜ, gvI †m ZzO; mvgwiK wel‡q QqwU cÖeÜ, gvI †m ZzO; ivóª I wecøe, f B
†jwbb|

MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, QvB I aŸsm¯Í~‡ci †fZi cvIqv GB eB¸‡jv avbNov
nvB¯‥z‡ji K¬vm †U‡bi QvÎ, gwdRywÏb wgqvi Kwbô mšÍvb iwdKzj Bmjv‡gi ... †h Zv‡`i‡K
GKmgq GKwU ¯^‡cœi K_v e‡jwQj, wKš‘ Zviv Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i bvB A_ev eyS‡Z cvi‡jI
†mUv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V bvB|Ó38

DwjøwLZ D×…wZi wb¤œ‡iL evK¨wU we‡kølY Ki‡j ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡k mgvRZvwš¿K

ivRbxwZ-PP©vi wPÎ Ges G ev¯ÍeZvi cvkvcvwk GB ivRbxwZi DÌvb-e¨_©Zvi KviY †gvUv`v‡M
dz‡U I‡V| e¯‘Z, hv‡`i‡K RvwM‡q Zz‡j GB mgvRZvwš¿K wecøe m¤¢e e‡j ZvwË¡K I
cÖ‡qvMKvixMY mviv c„w_ex‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, †mB K…lK †kÖwYi Abyaveb-e¨_©Zv
wKsev Awek¦v‡mi `„k¨ GB ev‡K¨ Zz‡j a‡i ‡jLK mgKvjxb mgvR-wecø‡ei Amvi-Ae¯’vi wPÎ
A¼b K‡i‡Qb|

cvkvcvwk RvbœvZ Avivi cieZ©x wkÿvRxe‡bi D‡jøL K‡i †jLK Dcb¨v‡mi Kvj-e¨vwß AviI
we¯Í…Z K‡i‡Qb fwel¨‡Zi M‡f©| †Kbbv, Dcb¨v‡m hLb iwdKzj g„Zz¨eiY K‡i AvZZvqxi nv‡Z
mcwiev‡i, ZLb †m gvÎ K¬vm †U‡bi QvÎ Ges RvbœvZ Avivi mncvVx| wKš‘ †jLK Rvbv‡”Qb,
ÒZvici, RvbœvZ Avivi eûw`b GB fvebv nq †h, iwdKzj Bmjvg Zvi Kv‡Q wK †P‡qwQj
Avm‡j! Zvi PvKz‡i wcZvi m‡½ ivqMÄ †Q‡o Avmvi K‡qK eQi ci †m Zvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
GK evÜexi wbKU Zvi Rxe‡bi GB inm¨gq Aa¨vqwU‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i e‡jwQj, Avwg Rvwb bv
wK †P‡qwQj †m|Ó39 e¯‘Z g~j NUbvq Gi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv bv _vK‡jI ÔK‡qK eQi ciÕ-Gi
fvebv Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K©i ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨vq mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj Ges mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b GB cwiewZ©Z
fvebv e¨envi K‡i †jLK g~j AvL¨v‡b ewY©Z GKwU m¤ú‡K©i we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb
cvVK‡K| Z`ycwi mg‡qi GB avivevwnK HK¨ †f‡O, Z‡_¨i g‡Zv cieZ©xKvjxb mg‡qi LÐvsk
e¨envi K‡i †jLK cÖPwjZ cø‡Ui mg‡qi H‡K¨i aviYv‡K †f‡O‡Qb; hv Zvui K_vmvwn‡Z¨
cÖvqk `„ó|

GKBiKg cÖvmw½KZvq hy³ K‡i wZwb gwdRywχbi Aci cyÎ bvwmiDwχbi AvL¨vb Ry‡o‡Qb|
e¯‘Z, P›`ªfvb hLb cybivq wbwk‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq Ges gwdRywÏb Zv‡K N‡i Zvjve× K‡i iv‡L
iv‡Zi †ejvq, ZLb †QvUfvB iwdKzj Bmjvg gv‡qi GB `yM©wZi K_v Rvwb‡q bvwmiDwÏb‡K

117
wPwV wjL‡j †m G‡m †c․u‡Qvq| `yjvwji g„Zz¨i ci Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ G‡m †h Avi MÖv‡g †d‡iwb
`xN©Kvj, †mB we`y¨r wefv‡Mi cÖ‡K․kjx †gvjøv bvwmiDwÏb `k w`‡bi QzwU wb‡q gv‡qi Kv‡Q
G‡j gv ÒZvi wPeyK wU‡c w`‡q e‡j, Avgvi jv‡qK e¨vUv AvBmv cBo‡Q; ZLb P›`ªfv‡bi GB
K_v ï‡b Ges Av`i †c‡q †gvjøv bvwmiDwχbi welYœ gyL Av‡iv welYœ n‡q I‡V, KviY, ZLb
Zvi nq‡Zv •kk‡ei †mB me NUbvi K_v g‡b c‡o hvq|Ó40 Ñ Kx †mB NUbv, Zv ejvi my‡hvM
wb‡q GB ch©v‡q †jLK mynvwmbx MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i mvgwóK m~Îmg_©‡b bvwmiDwχbi NUbv
c~e©vci eY©bv K‡i hvb|

MÖvgxY mgvRKvVv‡gv‡Z †j․wKK ag©wek¦v‡mi Kvh©KviYm~Î ch©‡eÿY K‡iB knx`yj Rwni weËevb
cwiev‡ii wek¦vmx gvbwmKZv‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k Z_v fviZe‡l© gymwjg mgv‡Ri
wkÿve¨e¯’vq gv`ªvmv wkÿv‡K we`¨vjq‡Kw›`ªK wkÿvi mgvšÍivj fvev nq Ggb GKwU PP©vi c_,
†hLv‡b mšÍvb‡K cvVv‡j Zvi Øviv Avjøvn&i Bev`Z wbqwgZ cvwjZ n‡e Ges GB cy‡Y¨ mšÍvb
Z_v wcZvgvZvi cvi‡j․wKK gyw³i c_ mnRmva¨ n‡e| GB †jvKwek¦vm‡K KviY †`wL‡qB
gwdRywÏb Acivci evOvwj gymjgv‡bi g‡ZvB Ñ mšÍvb bvwmiDwÏb‡K ÔAvjøvn&i iv¯ÍvqÕ †`evi
AvKv•ÿv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb41| hvi d‡j bvwmiDwÏb wKQzw`‡bi Rb¨ gv`ªvmvi QvÎ wn‡m‡e
wkÿvjvf K‡i| wKš‘ †m wkÿv cÖKvk cvq Zvi †gvi‡Mi AЇKvl †Q`‡bi cvi½gZvi ga¨
w`‡q| Dciš‘, Aímg‡qi Rb¨ wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡jI MÖvgxY †jvKeywj wn‡m‡e eûj cÖPwjZ
Ô†gvjøvÕ Dcvwa †m jvf K‡i Ges cieZ©xKv‡j GKRb wbôvevb cÖ‡K․kjx n‡qI MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i
gyL †_‡K †m wb®‥…wZ cvq bv Ges Ô†gvjøv bvwmiDwÏbÕB i‡q hvq| gv`ªvmv †_‡K wd‡i G‡m †m
hLb †gvi‡Mi AЇKvl †Q`‡b e¨vcK mvdj¨ †`Lvq Ges MÖvgvšÍ‡i Zvi bvg Qwo‡q c‡o ZLb-
B wb‡Ri †gviM †Q`b Kiv‡Z wb‡q G‡m `yjvwj nvwRi nq DcvL¨v‡b| wKš‘ †klch©šÍ †gvi‡Mi
AЇKvl †Q`‡bi g‡a¨ welqwU mxgve× _v‡K bv|

Ômynvwmbxi `wÿY-cwðg cÖv‡šÍ emevmKvix †gveviK Avwji †g‡q evwjKv `yjvwjÕ Dcwb‡ek-
cÖfvweZ `„wó w`‡q bvwmiDwχbi iƒ‡ci †gv‡n c‡o Ges ÒZzwg Ggb ajv (mv`v) K¨v?Ó 42 Ñ GB
wRÁvmvq †m wb‡Ri we¯§qvcbœ g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i †d‡j| `yjvwji GB e³e¨ †gvjøv
bvwmiDwÏb cÖ_gZ Ges cÖavbZ GKwU k¨vgjeiY evwjKvi we¯§q wn‡m‡eB †bq Ges AwZmij
†evKvwgwgwkÖZ †mB we¯§‡qi my‡hvM wb‡q •K‡kv‡ii `yózwgcÖeYZvq DØy× bvwmiDwÏb `yjvwj‡K
†Q`bK…Z AЇKvl wM‡j LvIqvi civgk© †`q| wn‡Z wecixZ n‡j `yjvwji evev-gv †mB NUbv

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wb‡q SMovq cÖe„Ë nq Ges cieZ©xKv‡j NUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq `yjvwj‡K Kvu‡a K‡i †i․nvi Lvj
cvi K‡i †`evi mgq `yjvwji cÖ_g FZz¯vª ‡ei i³ bvwmiDwÏb‡K al©YKvixi Acev‡` iwÄZ
K‡i|

wKš‘ Gg‡Zv NUbvci¤úivq †h welqwU AviI my¯úó n‡q I‡V Zv n‡jv bvwmiDwχbi cÖwZ
`yjvwji cÖYqfv‡ei Nbe× g‡bvcwiw¯’wZ| djZ GB Av‡eMcÖ‡ivwPZ evwjKv GKgyLx
ü`‡qvòZvq PvwjZ n‡q wbiwew”Qbœ wPiKzU cvVv‡Z _v‡K bvwmiDwÏb eivei| wKš‘
bvwmiDwχbi †g․bxfv‡e Zv cxov`vqK n‡q I‡V `yjvwji Kv‡Q| AvZ¥nbb-B n‡q hvq Zvi
gyw³i GKgvÎ c_| GB axiMwZi nbbcÖwµqvZ¡ivwš^Z nq hLb †g‡qi `yie¯’vq wb‡R hvPK n‡q
G‡m †gveviK Avwj gwdRywχbi Kv‡Q cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| Kb¨v‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv Qvov Dcvq _v‡K
bv †gveviK Avwji, Avi AvZ¥nbb e¨ZxZ c_ _v‡K bv evwjKv Kb¨vi m¤§y‡L| bvwmiDwÏb
†_‡K hvq Avg„Zz¨ ÔbvixewR©ZÕ cyiæl|

Dcb¨v‡mi GB ch©v‡q †gveviK Avwj I gwdRywχbi cvi¯úwiK msNv‡Zi `„k¨wUi Av‡qvRb

PgrKvi| gvby‡li g‡bvcwiw¯’wZi cwieZ©bkxjZv Kxfv‡e A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb Øviv
wbwY©Z nq Zvi my›`i D`vniY †i‡L‡Qb gwdRywχbi Gmg‡qi AvPi‡Y| GKmg‡qi w`bgRyi
AvKvjyi mšÍvb, †h wKbv GB ch©v‡q DbœxZ n‡q‡Q wb‡Ri PvZzh©-mvnm I AvmMi Avwj wgqvi
wbe©yw×Zv‡K cyuwR K‡i, †mB gwdRywÏb wgqv Gmg‡q AZxZwe¯§„Z GK m¤úwËkvjx cÖejcÖZvc
Ôg¨vmveÕ| mvgwRK I A_©‣bwZK cÖwZcwËi gvb`‡Ð †Rvjv †gveviK Avwj Zvi Kv‡Q bMY¨|
Kvh©Z, Zvi Kb¨vi m‡½ cy‡Îi weev‡ni cÖ¯Ív‡e †m bv‡Lvk I AcgvwbZ| mgvR I A_©bxwZi
wPiKvjxb ؇›Ø wbcwZZ GB hyMjcÖv‡Yi we‡”Q` AvKí‡b knx`yj Rwn‡ii mvdj¨ Amvgvb¨|
g„Zz¨i Av‡M †h hyM‡ji cvkvcvwk _vKvi my‡hvM nqwb g„Zz¨i ci AeavwiZfv‡e NUbvi
AvKw¯§KZvq Zv‡`i wgjb nq cvkvcvwk Ke‡i ï‡q| cy‡iv cwiev‡ii me jvk GK Ke‡i `vdb
n‡q †M‡j ev` c‡o bvwmiDwÏb, Avjv`v Kei nq Zvi; ZviI A‡bKw`b ci ivqM‡Äi iv¯Ív
Bw`ªm Lvu‡`i myiaŸwb MÖvg ch©šÍ †bevi bKkvq `yjvwji Kei c‡o †M‡j †mLvb †_‡K Zv‡K
¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq Ges MÖvgevmx Zvi ¯’vb wVK K‡i gywdRywχbi cy‡iv cwievi Avi bvwmiDwχbi
Ke‡ii gvSvLv‡bi RvqMvUzKz‡Z, Zv‡ZB bvwmiDwÏb I gwdRywχbi cy‡iv cwiev‡ii mv‡_ wg‡k
hvq †m| we‡”Q` I wgj‡bi gwa¨Lv‡bi NUbvmg~‡n R‡g IVv bvwmiDwÏb-`yjvwji DcvL¨vbB
g~jZ GB AvL¨v‡bi ¯ú›`gvb Ask|

119
GKwU AbvKvw•ÿZ `yN©Ubvi m~Î wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K `vqx g‡b K‡i †mB `yN©Ubvq cwZZ gvbyl‡K
wb‡Ri Rxebm½x K‡i evuwP‡q ivLvq cÖZ¨q cÖKv‡ki Kvwnwb GB Dcb¨v‡mi wmwÏK gv÷vi-
Av‡jKRv‡bi DcvL¨vb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| AvU© K‡j‡R covKvjxb GK mevÜe åg‡Y wmwÏKzi
ingvb wbR MÖv‡g Av‡m Ges cwicv‡k¦©i LwÐZ-P~wY©Z `„k¨mg~n wb‡R‡`i K¨vbfv‡m dywU‡q Zzj‡Z
_v‡K| GgbB GK ch©v‡q †m we¯§„Z `yjvwji Aveÿ g~wZ© Movi cvkvcvwk MÖvg¨ evwjKvea~
Av‡jKRv‡bi gyL”Qwe Avu‡K| †mB Qwe RvqMv K‡i †bq Av‡jKRvb‡`i emvi N‡i| AZtci
gnvb gyw³hy‡×i mgq nvbv`vi cvKevwnbx †mB Qwem~‡ÎB †LvuR cvq Av‡jKRv‡bi Ges cwYv‡g
†m cvK‡mbvi •`wnK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq cvK‡mbv Øviv| ¯¿x-Am¤§v‡bi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z wM‡q
¯^vgx kwn` n‡j hy× †_‡K wd‡i G‡m mKj NUbvi c~e©vci ï‡b wb‡R‡K Acivax g‡b nq
wmwχKi| †Kbbv Zvi AvuKv Qwei m~Î a‡iB Av‡jKRv‡bi Rxe‡b N‡U hvq Amnvq cwiYwZ|
hy‡×i ci wd‡i G‡m wmwÏK Av‡jKRv‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z Pvq, †mR‡b¨ †m M‡o †Zv‡j wb‡Ri
¯^Zš¿ Ôgv÷viÕ cwiPq| AZtci gv P›`ªfv‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq Kb¨vmn Av‡jKRvb‡K N‡i †Zv‡j
wmwÏK| Av‡jKRv‡bi cÖwZ gy»Zvi Zzjbvq K…ZK‡g©i Aciva-ÿvj‡bi wPšÍvB ax‡i ax‡i
wmwÏK‡K Av‡jKRv‡bi cÖwZ `ye©j K‡i †Zv‡j; Av‡jKRv‡bi Abb¨ iƒc Ges Kb¨vmn Zvi
wbiæcvq cwiw¯’wZ †mB `ye©jZvq Rj w`‡q cÖvYcÖwZôv K‡i Ñ wgqv evwoi cyÎea~ I cy‡Îi gv
n‡q Avg„Zz¨ mm¤§v‡b hvcb K‡i Rxeb|

DwjøwLZ wZbwU DcvL¨vb g~jZ gwdRywÏb wgqvi mvgwMÖK AvL¨v‡bi wZbwU we¯Í…Z cÖkvLv; hviv
gwdRywχbi Rxe‡bi wekvjZ¡‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wfbœ wfbœ gwngvq; wcZv wn‡m‡e, AwffveK
wn‡m‡e gwdRywχbi cwiPq my¯úó K‡i‡Q| mšÍv‡bi Rxe‡b wcZvi e¨w³‡Z¡i †h cÖ”QbœcÖKvk
N‡U Zv‡Z wcZvi wewfbœ gwngv cÖKvwkZ nq| iwdKz‡ji wecøewPšÍv, Ab¨‡`i‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ Kivi
ÿgZv, bvwmiDwχbi cÖMjfZv Ges `yjvwji cÖwZ GKwbôZv, wmwχKi `vwqZ¡cÖeYZv cÖf…wZi
g‡a¨ gwdRywχbi wewfbœ Pvwi‡Î¨i we¯ÍvwiZ cÖKvk cwijwÿZ nq|

GB wekvj e¨w³‡Z¡i AvL¨vb eY©bvq knx`yj Rwni e¨envi K‡i‡Qb wbR¯^ fw½| evOvwji
Avengvb •eVwK M‡íi g‡Zv †Zvivc Avwji gy‡L gwni miKv‡ii DVv‡b Dcw¯’Z RbZv ïb‡Z
ïiæ K‡i‡Q †hB Mí, Dcb¨v‡mi †k‡l †mB •eV‡KB wd‡i G‡m‡Qb †jLK; djZ Ggb GKwU
Aven •Zwi n‡q‡Q †hb GKwU •eV‡KB ejv n‡q †Mj mg¯Í Mí| †Kv‡bv Aa¨vq wefvRb bv
_vKvq MíwU Uvbv M‡`¨ GwM‡q wb‡q‡Qb †jLK, M‡í †Kv‡bv evav Dcw¯’Z nqwb, wKš‘

120
cÖvmw½Kfv‡eB MíwU Wvjcvjv †g‡j‡Q| †hgb Wvjcvjv †g‡j ÔVvKzigvi SzwjÕ‡Z; Avie¨iRbxi
mn¯ª M‡íi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †hgb kvLvcÖkvLv we¯Ívi K‡iB GKmgq †kl n‡q hvq| Mí ejvi GB
aªæc`x •ewkó¨ AvaywbK evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ bZzb Ges Zv Rwn‡ii GKvšÍ gywÝqvbvi mvÿ¨|

jÿ¨ Ki‡j `„k¨gvb nq †h, GB AvL¨vb eY©bvq knx`yj Rwni e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Ggb wKQz
†gvwUd ev wPý Ges †m¸‡jv‡K NUbvi evu‡K I dvu‡K Ggbfv‡e ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb †hb cvVK‡K
mn‡RB GKwU g~j †iLvq †i‡L †mLv‡bB cÖm½µ‡g Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡iLvq cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq| GwU
AvKvk †_‡K †`Lv †Kv‡bv e‡ov b`xi g‡Zv, †h b`x eû kvLv-cÖkvLv wb‡q Awfbœ mvM‡ii w`‡K
Qz‡U P‡j‡Q Ges †mB kvLv-cÖkvLvmg~n wKQzmg‡qi Rb¨ wew”Qbœ n‡q ¯^Zš¿ b`xi g‡Zv Pj‡jI
cybivq g~j avivi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q| †jvKevsjvi GB mvgwóK Rxeb‡eó‡bi eû Mí †hfv‡e ¯^Zš¿
n‡qI g~jZ GKB M‡íi Dcv½ wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i †klch©šÍ, wVK †Zgwb wZbcyÎ I
kÎæ‡`i DcKvwnwb _vKv m‡Ë¡I Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ Dcb¨vmwU AvMv‡Mvov gwdRywÏb wgqvi-B
AvL¨vb|

Dcv½ wn‡m‡e wewfbœ Kvwnwb Gi m‡½ cÖhy³ nevi cvkvcvwk cÖvq kZel©e¨vß GKwU A‡ji
DÌvb-cZ‡bi `„k¨gvjvI Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q GB Dcb¨v‡m| gwdRywχbi Rb¥-c~e© Zvi wcZv AvKvjy
I †evev gv‡qi Rxeb Ges ZrcieZ©xKv‡j gwdRywχbi Rb¥, †e‡o IVv, †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY I GKvwk
eQi eq‡m mcwiev‡i Zvi cZb- mewKQz wg‡j kZe‡l©i AvL¨vbe„Ë •Zwi n‡q‡Q G Dcb¨v‡m|
Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z NUbvm~Î Abyhvqx we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq gyw³hy×-cieZ©x `k eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b
gwdRywχbi g„Zz¨i gva¨‡g Gi g~j KvwnwbcU mgvß n‡q‡Q| Bw`ªm Lvu‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨
mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q †gRi c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jv‡fi ci Lvu‡qiv kw³‡Z Qvwo‡q †M‡Q
wgqv‡`i Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× cieZ©x BwZnv‡m †mB mgqwU mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aa¨vq e‡j
kbv³| ivqM‡Äi AšÍfz©³ `ywU Rbc` mynvwmbx I myiaŸwb, gwdRywÏb wgqvi kvmbekZ
ÿgZv‡K›`ª mynvwmbx‡Z †cÖvw_Z Ges Zvi g„Zz¨i ci Lvu es‡ki DÌv‡b †mwU myiaŸwb‡Z
¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| RbMY †K›`ª I kvmK‡`icwieZ©b GKUz †`wi‡Z n‡jI †g‡b †bq| AZtci
ivqM‡Ä Lvu hy‡Mi m~Pbv N‡U| mgKvjxb mvgwiK kvm‡bi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L mvgwiK kw³-m¤ú„³
Lvu esk KZ©„K wgqv esk DrLvZ K‡i ÿgZvi GB †h cvjve`j, Ges gwdRywÏb wgqvi
mcwiev‡i wbnZ nevi NUbvi m‡½ mgv‡jvPK‡`i A‡b‡KB 1975 m‡b mcwiev‡i ¯^vaxb

121
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi NUbv‡K wgwj‡q †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb; hw`I GK
mvÿvrKv‡i †jLK wb‡RB †mB m¤¢vebv‡K bvKP K‡i‡Qb|43

†jL‡Ki bvKP m‡Ë¡I Ggb gšÍe¨ AcÖvmw½K n‡e bv †h, wZwb g~jZ IB we‡kl mg‡qi
ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZi ¯^iƒc Dcjwä Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb e‡jB ÿgZv‡K‡›`ªi Ggb i³v³
cvjve`j AvuK‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| MZ kZ‡Ki lv‡Ui `kK †_‡K mviv wek¦e¨vcx †h mKj
ÿgZve`‡ji i³v³-wPÎ cwijwÿZ nq, Zv‡Z knx`yj Rwn‡ii g‡Zv †jL‡Ki Kj‡g †mB wPÎ
dz‡U DV‡e GgbUvB ¯^vfvweK| e¯‘Z, knx`yj Rwni Zvui †jLK Rxe‡bi wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi †Kv‡bv
Mí-Dcb¨v‡mB mgKvj‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ibwb| †mLv‡b gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q GKwU †`k wn‡m‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨Ìvb me mgqB Zvui K_vKvwnwb‡Z cÖm½ n‡q G‡m‡Q| Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ
Dcb¨v‡mI †mB gyw³hy×-ce© D‡cwÿZ nqwb| mynvwmbx I myiaŸwb MÖv‡gi A‡b‡KB gyw³hy‡×
cÖvY w`‡q‡Q, MÖvg¸‡jv AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q wbg©gfv‡e Ges wmwÏK gv÷vi Zvi fvB‡`i wb‡q Ges
Zv‡`i m‡½ Bw`ªm Lvu, Av‡jKRv‡bi ¯^vgxI hy‡× mIqvi n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxb †`k AR©‡b G‡`i
mK‡jiB Ae`vb wQ‡jv cÖZ¨ÿ; hw`I me©‡kl ÿgZvi ؇›Ø ci¯úi n‡q D‡V‡Q cÖwZØ›Øx I
cÖ”Qbœ NvZK| cwiewZ©Z ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZi Askx`vi n‡qB Lvu‡qiv mgv‡jvPbvcÖeY n‡q
D‡V‡Q Ges c~e©eZ©x kvmb‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Q `ytkvmb wn‡m‡e| ag©xq Av‡eM‡K cyuwR K‡i
gwdRywχbi Abb¨ KxwZ© ÔbqbZvivi nv‡UÕi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i †i‡L‡Q Ôimyjcy‡ii nvUÕ| †m
mg‡qi evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq ivRbxwZi Qvqvq †hb ivqM‡Ä bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q AvdRvj
Lvu- Bw`ªm Lvu cÖgyL|

gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZi wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡jI knx`yj Rwni nvZQvov
K‡i‡Qb Av‡iKwU my‡hvM; †mwU n‡jv ‡`k wefv‡Mi cÖm½| †h‡nZz cÖvq kZeQ‡ii AvL¨vb, Ges
gyw³hy‡×i c~‡e©B gwdRywÏb wgqv cÖwZwôZ †m‡nZz wRÁvmv †_‡K hvq †jLK †Kb †`kfv‡Mi
cÖm½ Zvui AvL¨vbfz³ K‡ibwb| m¤¢eZ †jL‡Ki `„wó wQ‡jv †Kv‡bv GKK PwiÎ M‡o †Zvjvi
Ges †mB gnxiƒ‡ni KiæYZg cwiYwZi we‡qvMvZ¥K AvL¨vb iPbv| djZ wZwb g„wËKvjMœ-
f~wgcyÎ gwdRywχbi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb; Zvi gva¨‡gB M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb Avengvb evsjvi
†bZ…Z¡¸Ym¤úbœ evOvwji Av`k© Kvqv| †h wb‡Ri ax, Mv‡qi kw³ I PvZzh© w`‡q mKj evav‡K
AwZµg Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Aejxjvq; gvbyl wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv wb‡R wePvi Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡qwQ‡jv e‡jB wgqv evwoi Kvgjv n‡Z bvivR n‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri Rxeb †eu‡P‡Q hvi Kvi‡Y, †mB

122
bvg-bv-Rvbv bvix‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q Kb¨v-Rvqv-Rbbxi g‡Zv; hw`I †m bvix wQ‡jv †ek¨v|
†ek¨v bq, Rxeb`vwqbx gwngv w`‡q †m cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q Zvi bv‡g bqbZvivi nvU| Zvici Pvl
K‡i‡Q Rxe‡bi|

c~‡e©B Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †jLK g~jZ †Zvivc Avwj I Ab¨vb¨ `k©K ev cÖvwšÍK Pwi‡Îi
AwfÁZvm~Î e¨envi K‡i AvL¨vb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges †mB Kvi‡Y GLv‡b Zv‡`i ¯§„wZi IVvbvgv
cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q cÖKUfv‡e| AvL¨v‡bi †Kv‡bv avivevwnKZv GLv‡b iwÿZ nqwb, cÖm½µ‡g
†Kv‡bv NUbvi m~Î eY©bv K‡iB Avevi cyi‡bv NUbvq wd‡i †M‡Qb K_K, Avevi bZzb cÖm½ m~Î
awi‡q w`‡q‡Q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv NUbvi| Kvwnwbi H‡K¨i GB wech©vm •Zwi K‡i‡Q GK bZzb
Av‡gR, MÖvgxY MíK_vq hvi •ewkó¨ memgq-B cÖKvwkZ nq; cÖKvwkZ nq Avie¨iRbxi
Kvwnwb-‣ewk‡ó¨ wKsev evOvwji †jvKQov I iƒcK_vq|

cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕi AvL¨vb eY©bv I fvlv wbg©v‡Y knx`yj Rwni
µgweewZ©Z AvaywbK evsjv M‡`¨i gvwR©Z iƒc‡K evnb wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb, wKš‘ Pwi‡Îi
gvbm-cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx AvÂwjK fvlvi ¯^Ztù~Z© cÖKvk‡K Gwo‡q hvbwb| Pwi‡Îi gy‡Li fvlvq
†Kv‡bv gvwR©Z †Lvjm civbwb; Kvh©Z Pwiθ‡jv wb‡R‡`i evPbfw½ wb‡q RxešÍ n‡q D‡V‡Q
AvL¨v‡b| wKš‘ eZ©gvb Dcb¨v‡m Zvui eY©bvi fvlvq GKai‡bi wgkÖY jÿ Kiv hvq| gvwR©Z
fvl¨iƒ‡ci m‡½ †j․wKK kãvewj wb‡R‡`i AcwiewZ©Z D”PviY wb‡q wg‡k †M‡Q; ï× e¨vKi‡Yi
fvlvq hv‡K Ô¸iæPÐvwjÕ †`v‡l `yó ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e GKUz g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jB my¯úó n‡q hvq
†h, †jLK g~j eY©bvi fvlvq eiveiB †_‡K‡Qb gvwR©Z fvlvbymvix44; eis mvgwóK RbZvi
AskMÖn‡Yi Avo¤^‡i †jvK-D”PviY cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi K‡i‡Q| †hgb:

†Zvivc Avwj cybivq Pvu‡`i c~‡e©i eY©bvq wd‡i hvq, †m e‡j †h, Zvi †Kgb †hb kvixwiK
Abf~wZ n‡qwQj, hLb †m wgqvevwoi gv_vfvOv AvgMv‡Qi wVK Ic‡i gwdRywÏb wgqvi
KiZ‡ji †fZi †_‡K dm‡K †ewi‡q hvIqv Pvu`wU‡K †`L‡Z cvq; †m e‡j, Zû‡bv AvÜvi nq
bvB, PvBi w`‡K fv‡jvB †`Lv hvq, GB mgq †`wn Avmgv‡b GK we`NyBU¨v Pvb, Avi wb‡P,
g¨vevwoi mvg‡bi cvjv‡b dR‡ji gv jvj kvK †Zv‡j|45

jÿYxq, D×…Zvs‡k wb¤œ‡iL evK¨wU Qvov Avi mKj evK¨B gvwR©Z AvaywbK evsjvq iwPZ|
ev‡K¨i wbg©v‡Y †jLK e¨vKi‡Yi hyw³I †g‡b‡Qb my¯úófv‡e| cÖZ¨ÿ-c‡ivÿ Dw³ e¨env‡i
wZwb e¨vKiY-wePy¨Z nbwb GKev‡ii Rb¨I| Z‡e GB Dcb¨v‡mB wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zvui

123
Ae¨qc`eûj evK¨‣kjxÑ hv wZwb wØZxq c‡e©i M‡í-Dcb¨v‡m nv‡gkvB K‡i‡Qb, †h evK¨
GKwU wbw`©ó e³e¨‡K wewfbœ cwiYwZ-m¤¢vebvq †`v`yj¨gvb K‡i †Zv‡j| cvkvcvwk ev‡K¨
msL¨vevPK kã e¨envi K‡i wbðqZvÁvcK eY©bv •Zwi K‡i‡Qb †jLK GB Dcb¨v‡mI| †hgb:

bvwmiDwÏb Gevi mvZw`b mynvwmbx‡Z _v‡K, Qqw`b `yjvwj Zv‡K QwU wPiKzU †`q, Zv‡Z
GKwU evK¨B †m µgvMZfv‡e wj‡L hvq, Zzwg †Kgb AvQ, †Kgb AvQ Zzwg, AvQ †Kgb Zzwg !
mßg w`b mKv‡j cvuPRb K…lK Zv‡`i †gviM wb‡q wd‡i hvIqvi ci... bvwmiDwÏb cybivq
Av‡iv GK eQievwo †d‡i bv ... (cieZ©xKv‡j) †m †`ogvm MÖv‡g _v‡K ... bvwmiDwÏb‡K
MÖv‡g †divi ci m‡Z‡iv w`b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq, Aóv`kZg w`‡b †m GKwU cv‡qi AvIqvR
cvq Ges eyS‡Z cv‡i, GUv `yjvwj;46

e¯‘Z, AvL¨vb eqv‡b ev‡K¨ msL¨v e¨env‡ii GB cÖeYZv knx`yj Rwn‡ii bZzb bq eis
wØZxqc‡e©i †QvUM‡íi GKwU e¨eüZ aviviB Jcb¨vwmK iƒcvqY| GQvov cybive„wËi ci¤úiv
e¨envi K‡i wZwb GB AvL¨v‡b •Zwi K‡i‡Qb GKwU K_be„‡Ëi †Nvi; evisevi c~wY©gv I Pvu‡`i
cÖm½ G‡b wZwb GB cÖwµqv m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb| jÿ Ki‡j `„k¨gvb n‡e †h wZwb GB AvL¨v‡bi
cÖwZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvi m‡½ cwic~iK Aven wn‡m‡e c~wY©gv ev Pvu‡`i Av‡jvi cÖm½ †U‡b‡Qb|
gwdRywχbi Rb¥, P›`ªfv‡bi m‡½ Zvi mvÿvr, bqbZvivi m‡½ Avjvc Ges g„Zz¨ Z`ycwi
bvwmiDwÏb-`yjvwji AvL¨vbvsk eY©bvq wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb P›`ªv‡jvKv”Qbœ cwi‡ek| GKw`K
†_‡K GB P›`ªv‡jvK †hgb me¸‡jv AvL¨vbvsk‡K Awfbœ e„‡Ë Ave× K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q
GK ai‡bi †Nvi; †h †Nv‡i wbcwZZ n‡q mynvwmbxi †jv‡Kiv gwdRywχbi c~e©vci AvL¨vb ¯§iY
K‡i| P›`ªv‡jvwKZ wbm‡M©i Av‡eó‡b evOvwji ü`q Db¥y³ n‡q hvevi †h AwZcÖvPxb cÖeYZv,
†mB gb¯ÍË¡ knx`yj Rwni ¯úk© Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ges mdj n‡q‡Qb| Zvui GB P›`ªv‡jvK
evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ Awfbe ms‡hvRb| Z‡e P›`ªv‡jvK †h AvaywbK evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ bZzb Zv wKš‘
bq; •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i ÔPvu‡`i Agvem¨vÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ïiæi `„k¨ G-cÖm‡½ ¯§Z©e¨| cvkvcvwk
we‡kølY‡hvM¨ G-`yÕ‡qi ¯^vZš¿¨UzKzI| P›`ªv‡jvwKZ iv‡Z cÖ¯ªve Ki‡Z wM‡q hyeK wkÿK Av‡id
Avjxi _g‡K wM‡q GKwU Aciv‡ai mvÿx n‡q hvIqv Avi GKB K‡g© Avn~Z n‡q †Zvivc Avwji
N‡ii evB‡i G‡m P›`ªv‡jv‡K ¯§„wZgw_Z n‡q hvevi g‡a¨ we¯Íi dvivK| GB dvivK •Zwi Ki‡Z
cvivUvB knx`yj Rwn‡ii kw³; ¯^Zš¿ AvL¨v‡bi †jLb-ÿgZv|

124
gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL

knx`yj Rwn‡ii me©‡kl Dcb¨vm Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ| ÔAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨Õ e¨wZ‡i‡K Zvui
wØZxq c‡e©i cÖvq mKj K_vKvwnwb‡Z mgKvj I Kvj-wbiƒwcZ gvby‡li Rxeb Av_©-mvgvwRK I
ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvm‡gZ wZwb †hgb wbweofv‡e A¼b K‡i‡Qb, wKQzUv `ªæZZvµvšÍ47 n‡jI
Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mI †jLK †Zgbfv‡eB †mB mvgwóK gvby‡li mg~nev¯ÍeZv-wbixwÿZ
Rxe‡bi `„k¨mg~n Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| g~jZ MZ kZ‡Ki lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl †_‡K mˇii gnvb
gyw³hy×-cieZ©x Pvi `kKe¨vcx evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx Z_v †K‡›`ªi Rxebavivq ÿgZv I `yb©xwZi
wcVvwcwV Ae¯’vb Ges †mB my‡hv‡M we‡`wk ewYK †kÖwYi wbqš¿YcÖwZôv-cieZ©x wµqvKjvc Ges
GB RvZxq-AvšÍR©vwZK AwfNvZmg~‡n G‡`kxq msL¨vjNy wLª÷vb ag©vej¤^x‡`i Db¥~j n‡q hvevi
ev¯‘e AvL¨vb GB Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨vmwU|

jÿ Ki‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡e †h, knx`yj Rwni me©`vB GKwU mg‡qi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z gvby‡li Rxe‡bi
¯^iƒc A‡š^lY K‡ib| lvU I mˇii `k‡Ki ev¯ÍeZv †hgb Zvui ÔcvivcviÕ MÖ‡š’i M‡íi kix‡i
`„k¨gvb †Zgwb cieZ©x MíK_vq gyw³hy× I hy×-cieZ©x Avwki `k‡Ki MÖvg-kni wbwe©‡k‡l
†Mvôxe× gvby‡li GKvšÍ I mvgwóK Avb›`-†e`bvi AvL¨vb iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †mB avivevwnKZvq
knx`yj Rwni beŸB‡qi †klva© I GKzk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g `k‡Ki mvgwóK Rxe‡bi wewea wRÁvmv
I e¯‘iƒc Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zvui Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡m| A_©vr `ywU kZ‡Ki †gje܇b M‡o
IVv GKwU mgq‡K wZwb eZ©gvb Dcb¨v‡m Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z GB mgqe¨vß bvMwiK ev¯ÍeZvq
gvw¼eq Pvb wgqv I a~Z© gvgy‡bi eZz©jm`„k Acwic~Y© weKvk I cwiYwZ cÖ`k©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
wZwb †mB mg‡qi Eli-cwiw¯’wZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvL¨vb cwiKíbvq †jLK cyivb XvKvi cÖvwZ‡ewkK-cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
wZbwU cwievi‡K wZbwU we›`y wn‡m‡e Kíbv K‡i‡Qb| G‡`i cÖ_g we›`ywU‡Z •Lgb I Zvi cyÎ
Pvbwgqv, wØZxqwU‡Z †gwi †R K¬vK© I Zvi Kb¨v Rywj †d¬v‡iÝ Ges Z…ZxqwU‡Z wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v
ingvb I Zvi †Q‡j gvgyb wµqkxj| G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Awfbœ †f․‡MvwjK mxgvi evwm›`v; djZ
Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK cÖwZ‡ekI Awfbœ| GB Awfbœ cÖwZ‡e‡k `yB cÖRb¥, Zv‡`i n‡q IVv
Ges †mB n‡q IVvi weiæ× cÖwZ‡e‡k msMÖvgkxj Rxeb I civR‡qi BwZe„Ë GB Dcb¨vm|
cvi¯úwiK cwiwPwZi wfwˇZ GKB Av_©-mvgvwRK e„‡Ë emevmiZ GB wZbwU cwievi ci¯úi
msjMœ| Z‡e Gi evB‡iI wZwb gvgyb cwiP‡qi Av‡iKwU Pwi·K Dcb¨v‡m G‡b‡Qb mgvb ¸iæZ¡
125
mnKv‡i; †kKonxb GKwU wbiæcvq evjK cÖvwZ‡ewkK ev¯ÍeZvq †Kgb b„ksm n‡q M‡o I‡V
Li‡Kvm gvgyb Zvi cwiPq|

e¯‘Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-DËi cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i Askx`vi, cyivb XvKvi KwZcq ZiæY, Zv‡`i
gnjøv-Rxeb, cvwicvwk©¦K ev¯ÍeZv, A_©‣bwZK-mvgvwRK wbw³‡Z cwigvcK…Z m¤ú‡K©i ¯^iƒc I
ev¯ÍeZvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q‡Qb †jLK GB Dcb¨v‡m| DwjøwLZ PviwU †m&ªv‡Zi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¯ªvZ
†hLv‡b G‡m wg‡j hvq Zv n‡jv XvKvi bvMwiK R‡Ui †gvnbv| ¯^vaxbZv c~e©eZ©x GKwU cÖR‡b¥i
DËivwaKvi ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x cÖRb¥ wn‡m‡e mvwe©K ev¯ÍeZvq Kx cwiYvg jvf K‡iÑ †jL‡Ki
`„wó †mw`‡K| ¯^vaxbZvc~e© I cieZ©x `ywU cÖR‡b¥i ci¤úiv MÖš’b K‡i †jLK mvwe©K ev¯ÍeZvq
GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k Zv‡`i Aw¯ÍZ¡iÿvi msMÖvg, mvnm I A‡bKUv Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK
ev¯ÍeZv-wbKwlZ †h wbqwZ, Zvi wba©vwiZ cwiYv‡gi e„‡Ë Pwiθ‡jv‡K A¼b K‡i‡Qb |

Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ_g cÖRb¥ wn‡m‡e •Lgb, wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v †eMg, byivwb wejwKm Dcgv Ges †gwi
R‡qmÑ GB PviRb bvix‡K Dcw¯’Z K‡i‡Qb †jLK| cyivb XvKvi f~‡Zi Mwj I Zrcvk¦©eZ©x
gnjøvq jv‡Mvqv `~i‡Z¡ emevmiZ GB PwiÎmg~n wewPÎ AwfÁZvq mg„×| PviRb bvixi g‡a¨
PviwU †KvY Kíbv mnR n‡jI knx`yj Rwni AvL¨vb‡K †P․‡KvYv K‡ibwb| g~j Av‡jv †K‡o
wb‡q •Lgb G‡`i g‡a¨ cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q, †gwi R‡qm wb‡Ri Avmb ¯^Zš¿ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q
wb‡Ri B‡›U‡jKPzqvj mvgvwRK †hvM¨Zvq| cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i DËivwaKvi‡`i g‡a¨I Av‡jvK
wew¤^Z n‡q‡Q •Lgb-cyÎ PvbwgTv Ges †gwii Kb¨v Rywj‡K wN‡i| AvL¨v‡bi Aci †h †iLvwU
†jLK XvKvi e„‡Ëi evB‡i wM‡q A¼b K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡b †_‡K wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨Zve‡jB gvgyb
Ii‡d Li‡Kvm Ii‡d AvB‡eK Ges AvmgvbZviv û‡i RvbœvZ n‡q D‡V‡Q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Z‡e AvL¨v‡bi cÖ_g AveZ©‡b knx`yj Rwni we‡kl `„wó w`‡q‡Qb †gwi R‡qm I Zvi c~e© I DËi
cÖR‡b¥i Kvwnwb eq‡b| e‡½ wLª÷vb ag©vej¤^x‡`i AvMgb Ges ¯’vqx emevm I ¯^vaxbZv-
cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡k Zv‡`i msL¨vjNy‡Z cwiYZ nevi avivevwnK GK BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
†gwi R‡q‡mi Mí DÌvcb-m~‡Î| GK †`kZ¨vMx cZ©ywMR K¨v_wjK wLª÷vb AvjevU© wW myRv
cÖ_‡g fvi‡Zi †Mvqv iv‡R¨ Ges cieZ©xKv‡j wgk‡bi Kv‡R evsjv‡`‡ki wSKiMvQvq G‡j
G‡`kxq cÖ‡U‡÷›U wLª÷vb weayf~lY `v‡mi cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Nwbó nq| hw`I ag© cÖPviB wQj
Zvi D‡Ïk¨ Zey ÔZvi eqm wQj Kg Ges †`k Z¨vM K‡i Avmvq Zvi gb wQj welYœ Ges D`vmÕ,
ZvB GB cwiev‡ii `yB Kb¨v jveY¨cÖfv I we`y¨b¥vjvi e¨envi Zvi fv‡jv †j‡M hvq Ges

126
cwiYwZ‡Z jveY¨cÖfv Zvi †cÖ‡g wbgw¾Z nq wKš‘ †m gyL dz‡U ejvi Av‡MB †QvU †evb
we`y¨b¥vjv Zv‡K AwaKvi K‡i| †QvU †evb‡K myLx Kivi Rb¨ jveY¨cÖfv AvjevU©-cÖvwßi evmbv
Z¨vM K‡i, Ges Avjev‡U©i Kv‡QB `xwÿZ n‡q bvb wn‡m‡e P‡j hvq Pv‡P©i †mevq| GB †cÖg I
cvevi evmbv Z¨vM K‡i bvb n‡q hvevi Mí Mfxifv‡e `vM Kv‡U DËicÖRb¥ Rywji g‡b|
PvbwgTvi mv‡_ †cÖg nevi ciI hLb mvwe©K ev¯ÍeZvq Zv‡K cvevi c_ iæ×cÖvq, ZLb †mI
Zvi VvKzigvi g‡Zv bvb nevi evmbv e¨³ K‡i| Z‡e knx`yj Rwni jveY¨cÖfvi bvb nevi
gva¨‡gB Kvwnwb †kl K‡i †`b bv, wZwb AvjevU©‡K evOvwj‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi
DËicyiælMY Kxfv‡e GB †`k‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m evOvwj n‡q †M‡Q Ges ¯^vaxbZvi ci n‡q †M‡Q
µgk wbg©~j
© , †m AvL¨vbI cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Kvwnwbi GB AveZ©‡b| ÒAvjevU© wWmyRvi Rxe‡bi
c_ evsjv‡`‡k G‡m †euKv nqv hvq, we`y¨b¥vjv‡K weqv K‡i †m mbœ¨vmx †_‡K M„nx nq, c¨v›U Ges
K¨vmK Ly‡j dvjvqv aywZ-dZzqv a‡i, Mv‡q fvj K‡i LvuwU mwilvi †Zj †g‡L ¯¿xi eo fvB
wgwni KvwšÍ `v‡mi m‡½ hvq K‡cvZvÿ b`x‡Z †Mvmj Ki‡Z|Ó48 ‡jLK Gici Uvbv eY©bvq GB
evOvwjqvbvq Af¨¯Í n‡q hvIqv wW myRvi DËicyiæl‡`i cwiYwZ e¨vL¨v K‡ib, Z‡e GB evsjv
f~-L‡Ði ivR‣bwZK BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ †mB cwiYwZmg~n †h Kxfv‡e IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q hvq,
†jLK †mB Bw½ZI cÖKvk K‡ib mswÿß evK¨eq‡b: wW myRv mcwiev‡i ÒAe‡k‡l XvKvi
†ZRKzwb cvovq G‡m w¯’Z nq, †e¸bevwo‡Z GKUv †eKvwi Ly‡j e‡m|... †Kv_vKvi wjme‡bi
GK wWmyRv XvKvi nvwZiwS‡ji cv‡k Lv¯Ív Avi †ejv we¯‥zU evbvq Rxeb KvUvB‡Z _v‡K;
cvwK¯Ívb nIqvi ci h‡kv‡i †gwi R‡q‡mi VvKzgvi cwievi cwðge‡½i K…òbMi P‡j hvq...
cwK¯Ív‡bi A‡bK †ivgvb K¨v_wjK K…òbM‡ii Kv‡Qi cwjø‡Z Rwg wK‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i,
ZLb †ZRKzwb cvov †_‡K eyov wWmyRvi 5 †Q‡ji g‡a¨ PviRbB P‡j hvq, wKš‘ †gwii evc,
eyov wWmyRvi 5b¤^i †Q‡j Rb wWmyRv †Mj bv, †m ej‡jv, bv IBLv‡b hvqv wK Kie? d‡j
†gwiiv dvBmv hvq evsjv‡`‡k|Ó49

GB Dcb¨v‡m knx`yj Rwni †gwi R‡qm, Zvi cyÎ †hv‡md I Kb¨v Rywji BwZe„Ë GKUz e¨vß
cwim‡iB eqb K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ †gwi R‡q‡mi msmvihy×, mšÍvb‡`i e‡ov Ki‡Z wb‡Ri wbijm
cwikÖg Ges wkÿKZv, cyÎ †hv‡m‡di wewR †cÖ‡mi PvKwiRxeb Ges mnKg©x kvwKjvi mv‡_
†cÖg Ges cÖev‡m KiæY g„Zz¨, Zvi Kb¨v Rywji PvbwgTvi cÖwZ AvKl©Y Ges PvbwgTvi Kv‡Q
wb‡R‡K mgc©‡Yi KvwnwbLÐI Avcb AwfbeZ¡ wb‡q ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q|

127
e‡½ wLª÷vb m¤úª`v‡qi AvMgb I µgwe‡jvc‡bi AvL¨vb iPbvq knx`yj Rwni cy‡ivcywi
Kíbv‡K AvkÖq K‡i AMÖmi nb wb, ZrcÖvmw½K BwZnv‡mi m~Î e¨envi K‡I Kíbvi MwZ wbqš¿Y
K‡i‡Qb| Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi f~wgKv¯^iƒc Dc¯’vcbvq wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb †mB
m~Îvewji mÜvb:

cÖ_gZ GB Dcb¨v‡m e¨eüZ evsjv‡`‡k wLªó a‡g©i m‡½ m¤úwK©Z wKQz e¨w³ I ¯’v‡bi bvg,
Ges wKQz Z_¨ evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU KZ…©K ÔevsjvwcwWqvÕ, KjKvZvi cÖfz hxï MxR©v
KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Ges jyBm cÖfvZ miKvi KZ©„K iwPZ Ôe½‡`‡k Lªxóag© I Lªxóxq m¤úª`vq
(cÖ_g LÐ)Õ Ges XvKv †_‡K cÖwZ‡ekx cÖKvkbx KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ Ôfw³-cy®úÕ bvgK MÖš’mg~n
†_‡K †bqv; Z‡e, e¨w³i bvg e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î HwZnvwmK mgqµg Abym„Z nq bvB|50

BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb MÖnY Ki‡jI †jLK GKwU MíB mvwR‡q‡Qb †klch©šÍ| e‡½ GKwU
m¤úª`v‡qi HwZnvwmK cwiYwZ cÖ`k©‡bi iƒc‡iLv wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨GB Mí evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨
wewkóZvq fv¯^i n‡q _vK‡e wPiKvj| GKwU fxb‡`wk wLª÷v‡bi fviZ †_‡K evsjvq G‡m
cwievi MVb, emevm Ges evOvwj i‡³i m‡½ wg‡k hvevi AvL¨vb †hgb knx`yj Rwni iPbv
K‡i‡Qb †Zgwb †mB cwiev‡ii me©‡kl DËivwaKvi †gwi R‡q‡mi Avg„Zz¨ evOvwj †_‡K hvevi
AvKv•ÿvi MíI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GBLv‡b ïay e¨w³ e`‡j hvq, wKš‘ M‡íi QK Awfbœ _v‡K|
†gwi R‡q‡mi VvKzigvi †cÖ‡g c‡o mnvq m¤^jnxb cZz©wMR b›`b †hgb †_‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb
evsjvq, †Zgwb mg~nmsKUKv‡j gv‡qi Aby‡iva I Dchy³ cvÎm¤¢vebv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Rywj Ñ
cZ©ywMR DËivwaKvi Ñ •Lgb-cyÎ gvw¼g¨vb Pvb wgTv‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m GB evsjvq †_‡K hvevi
AvKv•ÿv e¨³ K‡i‡Q| GB BwZe„Ë ïay GK bvixi †cÖgvKv•ÿv‡K eY©bv K‡i bv, cÖgvY K‡i
wfb‡`wk DËivwaKvi‡`i mcÖv‡Y evOvwj n‡q hvevi BwZnvmI|

PZzfyR
© GB AvL¨vb Abb¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ wbweo m¤ú‡K©i ga¨ w`‡q, †hb PviwU
evû ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ m¤úK©m~‡Î wewPÎ GK KvwnwbKvVv‡gv MVb K‡i‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ gvgyb wgTv
Ii‡d Li‡Kvm cÖ_g w`‡K ¯^Zš¿ _vK‡jI Dcb¨v‡mi †kl ch©v‡q evwK wZbwU evûi m‡½
wb‡R‡K wgwk‡q‡Q| †jLK GB AvL¨vbvsk •Zwi‡Z e¨envi K‡i‡Qb bMi Rxe‡b eûj cwiwPZ
Ô¸gÕ n‡q hvevi m~Î| mvaviY mvsmvwiK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z wM‡q GKRb gvbyl †hgb ¸g n‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwb wbZvšÍ Av›`v‡Ri e‡m †`qv †h †Kv‡bv cwiP‡q nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i gvby‡li

128
Avmj cwiPq| eû bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvIqv wKš‘ Avmj cwiPq nvwi‡q †djv `yfv©M¨evb GKwU PwiÎ
GB Dcb¨v‡mi Li‡Kvm|

Li‡Kv‡mi Mí eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q knx`yj Rwni XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi mvZKvwbqv ch©šÍ Kvwnwbi
we¯Ívi NwU‡q‡Qb| †mBm‡½ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb mgy`ªeZ©x gvby‡li, we‡klZ AvL¨v‡b DwjøwLZ
†P․ayix‡`i g‡Zv Acivag~jK evwY‡R¨ RwoZ, Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖK…wZ‡K| Aa©wkwÿZ, wKš‘
mgvR-iv‡óªi ÿgZvi Rvj GB cwievi wb‡R‡`i A_© w`‡qB wbqš¿‡Y mÿg| GB Ô†P․ayix MsÕ
†`‡ki ivRavbx XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖvg n‡q gvqvbgv‡ii mxgvšÍ ch©šÍ wewea e¨emvq wb‡qvwRZ|
†h‡nZz •bwZKZv-ewR©Z Ges Lyb-¸g-gvby‡li jvk cvPvi Zv‡`i e¨emvi AšÍiv‡j Pjgvb
wbZ¨‣bwgwËK e¨vcvi cÖvq, †m‡nZz Zv‡`i XvKv¯’ KivZK‡j Kv‡Vi fzwm wKb‡Z Avmv †Kv‡bv
gvbyl nVvr fzwmi mv‡_ e¯Ívew›` n‡q †M‡j Zv‡`i Kv‡Q eo †Kv‡bv †`vl e‡j cÖwZfvZ nq bv|
GB Dcb¨v‡mi GB we‡kl eskwUi mv‡_ bvg bv-Rvbv †Kv‡bv XvKvBqv evjK‡K †jLK hy³
K‡i‡Qb GB cvPv‡ii Z_¨ Dc¯’vcbm~‡Î|

mvaviY aviYv †_‡K D™¢~Z wek¦vm Kxfv‡e Z_¨-weåvwšÍ NwU‡q AvL¨v‡bi inm¨ •Zwi K‡i Ges
fzj cwiP‡q M‡o †Zv‡j Av‡iKwU mgvšÍivj Rxeb Ges †mB mgvšÍivj Rxe‡bi KvVv‡gv Zvi
cÖwZcvjK‡`i AšÍ¯’ wbh©vm MÖnY K‡i Kxfv‡e wØavhy³ GK RwUj Dcwb‡ekx PvwiΨ M‡o †Zv‡j
ÔLi‡KvmÕ Zvi P~ovšÍ D`vniY| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i GB Dcb¨v‡m knx`yj Rwn‡ii mgKvjxb
cÖwZ‡ek-kvwmZ gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Awbevh© AvKw¯§KZv Zz‡j aivi †h cÖqvm, Zv †P․ayix Ms I
Li‡Kvm cÖm‡½ cwicywó jvf K‡i‡Q| f~‡Zi Mwji wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingv‡bi †Q‡j wbqwgZ Ôw`
wbD P›`ª‡Nvbv m wgj GÛ wU¤^vi wW‡cvUÕ-G Kv‡Vi fzwm Avb‡Z hvq, †m †mLvbKvi mycwiwPZ
gyL wg‡ji kÖwgK‡`i cwiwPZ| GKw`b fzwm wb‡Z G‡j kÖwg‡Kiv Zv‡K †`‡L Ges fv‡e GB
†Q‡j‡K †Zv Zviv A‡bK Av‡MB cvPvi K‡i w`‡q‡Q PÆMÖv‡g| GLv‡b †jLK weåvwšÍ •Zwi K‡ib
kÖwgK‡`i ¯^íÿg ¯§„wZm~‡Îi e¨envi K‡i| mnR hyw³i cÖ‡qv‡M ejv hvq †h, gvgyb e¨ZxZ
Ab¨vb¨ mKj L‡Ïi AwbqwgZ _vK‡Zv weavq kÖwgK‡`i ¯§„wZc‡U wK‡kvi †µZv gv‡bB gvgy‡bi
Aeqe †f‡m I‡V Ges †m eq‡mi †Kv‡bv bvg bv Rvbv evjK cvPvi n‡q †M‡jI Zv‡`i g‡b
nq gvgyb‡KB Zviv cvPvi K‡i‡Q| d‡j Zv‡`i m‡›`n KvUv‡Z Zviv gvgyb‡`i evwo‡Z wM‡q
gvgyb‡K †`L‡jI wek¦vm †_‡K b‡o bv Ges bvg bv-Rvbv †mB AÁvZ evjK gvgyb wgTvi
cwiP‡qi KvVv‡gv wb‡qB mvZKvwbqvq Avmgvb Zviv û‡i Rvbœv‡Zi LvuPve›`x cï n‡q †eu‡P _v‡K

129
Ñ †h․e‡bi cÖvK-gyn~Z© ch©šÍ| Jcb¨vwmK GKwU avuavi inm¨gqZvq mgvšÍivjfv‡e `yBRb
gvgyb‡K Dcb¨v‡m jvjb K‡ib| d‡j MíwU AvcvZ`„wó‡Z e¨vL¨v‡hvM¨ g‡b nq bv; hyw³
Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q hvq| GB Zvj‡Mvj cvKv‡bv m‡Ë¡I MíwU mvejxjfv‡e GwM‡q wb‡q hvb
wZwb| Zvui GB mvejxjZvi Ab¨ bvg Mí ejvi ÿgZv Ges †mB Awek¦vm-RvMvwbqv †K․kjwUi
bvg-B Rv`y-ev¯ÍeZv|

GB Kjv‡K․k‡j cÖvq cï †_‡K wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvq I eyw×e‡j mvZKvwbqvi †P․ayix Ms‡`i

DËivwaKvi e‡b hvq Li‡Kvm Ii‡d gvgyb wgqv, Zvici Zv‡`i Kb¨v AvmgvbZviv û‡i
RvbœvZ‡K m½x K‡i †mB es‡ki MwZ wfbœ w`‡K cÖevwnZ K‡i; Kv‡jvevRvwii m‡e©v”P Avm‡b
AwawôZ n‡q wb‡Ri AvZ¥cwiPq LyuR‡Z G‡m Aw¯ÍZ¡ Lyu‡R cvq bv| ZeyI Avkv Qv‡o bv †mÑ
†hgb K‡i û‡i RvbœvZ‡K cvevi Avkv wRB‡q †i‡LwQ‡jv †m, †Zgwb Avkv wb‡q KivZ K‡ji
kÖwgK‡`i •Zwi Kiv XvKvi †mB wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingv‡bi Kv‡Q mšÍv‡bi `vwe wb‡q Dcw¯’Z nq
wKš‘ weåvwšÍ‡Z c‡o †m Dcb¨v‡mi Pjgvb g~j-AvL¨vb Pvb wgTv- Rywji Kvwnwbe„‡Ë cÖ‡ek
K‡i| XvKvi Avmj gvgyb wgTv †h‡nZz Pvb wgTv Ñ Rywji Kvwnwb‡Z Z…Zxq cÿ, †m‡nZz †m
wKQz‡ZB wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Dciš‘ Pvb wgTvi Pzwii Ke‡j c‡o Zvi Mvwo|
†mqvbv †mB †Pvi‡K ai‡ZB †m dvu` cv‡Z Av‡iKwU Mvwo w`‡q Ges A‡cÿvq _v‡K,wKš‘ Dcvq
wKQz nq bv| D‡ëv iv‡M-†ÿv‡f mvZKvwbqv †_‡K A¯¿ Avbv‡bvi c‡_ AvmgvbZviv û‡i RvbœvZ
i¨v‡ei Kv‡Q aiv co‡j Ae¯’v A¯^vfvvweK n‡q hvq| Ae‡k‡l Pvb wgTv‡K aivi Ges wb‡Ri
cwiPq D×v‡ii †Póvq †m ÿvšÍ nq Ges mvZKvwbqvq wd‡i hvevi e¨e¯’v K‡i|

GB msKUKv‡j m¤ú~Y© bZzb RvqMvq G‡m A¯¿mn aiv covi ciI _vbv, cywjk, Av`vjZ-
cwiµgvq AvmgvbZvivi †h `„pZi Dcw¯’wZ Zv‡Z ms‡ÿ‡c n‡jI †P․ayix Ms‡`i ¯œvqyi
DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e Zvi cÖK…Z cwiPq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q; Li‡Kvm‡K ai‡Z AvmgvbZviv‡K
e¨envi K‡i cywjk hLb bvMvj cvq bv Zvi, ZLb i¨ve-cywj‡ki mvg‡bB †m Li‡Kvm‡K cvwj‡q
_vK‡Z e‡jÑ

ÒLi‡Kvm Zv‡K wRMvm K‡i, ZzuB †Kb AvQ?

AvmgvbZviv e‡j, AvuB Mg AvwQ, wPšÍv nBi‡Mv, ZzuB L‡W?
: KBi b dvwi L‡W!
: fvwM hAI •M!Ó51

130
Ab¨Î †jLK eY©bv K‡ib Zvi wPË`„pZvi wPÎ: ÒLi‡Kvm‡K ai‡Z bv †c‡i i¨ve-2 Gi †gRi
kwn` LyeB †P‡Z hvq, †m AvmgvbZviv‡K Qv‡o bv, igbv _vbvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡U© nvwRi K‡i
Avevi wigv‡Û wbqv Av‡m, AvmgvbZvivi g‡a¨ †Kvb fq wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv weKvi †`Lv hvq bv,
†m i¨v‡ei †gRi kwn` wKsev K¨v‡Þb Avwbm hv e‡j ZvB K‡i;Ó52

AZtci cjvZK Li‡Kvm Ii‡d gvgyb Ii‡d KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK‡K m‡½ wb‡q AvMš‘‡Ki
g‡Zv g~j AvL¨v‡b Xz‡K cov AvmgvbZviv û‡i RvbœvZ cybivq mvZKvwbqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv nq,
Z‡e †hB Li‡Kvm‡K †m Avevj¨ LvuPve›`x †`‡L e‡ov n‡q‡Q; gyw³ †c‡q †h cwiYZ n‡q‡Q
KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡e‡K, †h P‡j †M‡Q Zvi aiv-†Qvuqvi evB‡i cÖvq Ñ †cvlv cÖvwYi g‡Zv hv‡K †m
AvM‡j ivL‡Z Pvq me©ÿY, fv‡jvev‡m hv‡K †m, gZvšÍ‡i hv‡K †m GKgvÎ evuPvi Aej¤^b
fv‡e, fv‡e mg¯Í kw³i †K›`ªwe›`yÑ †mB Li‡Kvm‡K †m cybivq LvuPve›`x K‡i wb‡q hvq m‡½|

¯^í-Dcw¯’wZ m‡Ë¡I AvmgvbZvivi GB Avwef©ve kw³gËvq I Rxe‡bi msNvZgqZvq wg‡mm

†gwi R‡qm K¬vK©, •Lgb Ges Rywj K¬vK©cÖf…wZ Pwi‡Îi m‡½ Zzjbvq D¾¡jfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q GB
Dcb¨v‡m| cÿvšÍ‡i evcnxb Ôev›`icyÎÕ PvbwgTvi mg¯Í cÖ‡Póv I e¨_©Zv cwiPqnxb Li‡Kv‡mi
Zzjbvq GKwU AvKvi jvf K‡i GB Dcb¨v‡m| evsjv Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ mg¯Í gvZ…cÖwZgv‡K
Avjv`v RvqMvq `vuo Kwi‡q †`q •Lgb| cvovi Ab¨vb¨ †g‡qi m‡½ cvjøv w`‡q weevn-c~e©
Rxe‡bi wewPÎm¤¢vi Ges evsjv‡`‡k gnvb gyw³hy‡× gvZ…Z¡ iÿvi †h hy× †m K‡i, Zv‡Z evsjv
Dcb¨v‡m †m AR©b K‡i‡Q Abv¯^vw`ZÑAkÖæZc~e© PvwiΨKvVv‡gv; e¯‘Z GKwU beRb¥Kvgx,
hy×`xß RvwZiv‡óªi msMÖvggyLi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wb‡Ri ney mšÍvb‡K †m †hfv‡e iÿv K‡i cvovi
ivRvKvi‡`i Kej †_‡K, Zv‡Z GKwU wد͇ii Mí M‡o I‡V •Lgb‡K wN‡i| •Lgb GKvav‡i
e¨w³ •Lgb Ges evsjv‡`k bvgK iv‡óªi cÖZxK| Ab¨w`‡K PvbwgTv ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡iK bvg; eû
kÎæi †PvL cvwj‡q †Mvc‡b n‡jI hv‡K iÿv K‡i‡Q •Lgb, fvlvšÍ‡i AR©b K‡i‡Q wb‡Ri
fv‡jvevmv I Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q| eûK‡ó AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZvi g~j¨ †`k-†bZ…Z¡ †hgb mwVK wb‡`©kbv
w`‡q Abb¨Zv AR©‡bi c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, †Zgwb •LgbI e¨_© n‡q‡Q ¯‥z‡ji ÔeªvBU
evjKÕ PvbwgTv‡K my›`i fwel¨‡Zi c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z|

cÖPwjZ bvixev`x fvebvKvVv‡gvq bvix‡K Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ev Zv‡K †Kv_vq my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e
A_ev †Kgb n‡e Zvi RxebwPÎ Ñ †mm‡ei Av`k©vqb bv K‡i G‡Kev‡i •RweKKvVv‡gvi w`‡K
`„wó w`‡q‡Qb †jLKÑ Zvui •Lgb ¯^Ztù~Z©| wb‡Ri †h․e‡b †m †hgb Pcjv, ¯^vgx wbe©vP‡b

131
mPwKZ, hy×Kvjxb msK‡U Ges cyÎcvj‡b I Rxebhy‡× A‡Rq| cyivb XvKvi Av_©mvgvwRK I
†f․‡MvwjK ms¯‥…wZi ÔAbg‡bq iƒcÕ Zvi Pvwi‡Î¨ my¯úó| Ab¨w`‡K wfb‡`wk i‡³i
µgm¼ivq‡Y evOvwj n‡q IVvi PvwiΨ w`‡q †jLK Rywj‡K •Zwi K‡i‡Qb| †gwi R‡qm h‡ZvUv
wewgkÖmËvi DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e G‡`k‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Q, Rywji fv‡jvevmv Zvi Zzjbvq n‡q‡Q
Av‡iv Nbe× I GKvMÖ|

•Lgb-Rywj I AvmgvbZviv û‡i Rvbœv‡Zi evB‡iI knx`yj Rwni D³ mvs¯‥…wZK-ej‡qi bvix

PwiÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb, †hgb byivwb wejwKm Dcgv wKsev wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingvb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i
Rxeb m¼‡Ui Qvqvgy³, bvMwiK cÖ‡gv`Q‡K MícwUqmx Ges evMvo¤^ime©¯^| Zv‡`i GB
m¦fve‣ewkó¨‡K m~Î a‡iB DËivaywbKKv‡ji K_K knx`yj Rwni M‡íi m~ÎcvZ K‡i‡Qb|
cvk¦©Pwi‡Îi wPivqZ ÔAvL¨vb mn‡hvMx f~wgKvÕ G-m~‡Î we‡klZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges AvL¨vbKí
AR©b K‡i‡Q wewkó eY©bfw½| †jLK †hb ev †mB cvk¦©Pwi‡Îi m~Î a‡iB g~j M‡í cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z
Pvb:

f~‡Zi Mwjøi PvbwgTv nq‡Zv ev›`‡ii `ya LvIqv †cvjv, KviY hviv GB NUbvi mvÿx, †hgb
gvgyb/gvngy‡`i gv wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingvb, Zv‡`i 25b¤^i evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †M‡j Ges K_vi
cÖm½ PvbwgTvi w`‡K †gvo wb‡j †m GB K_vUv Rvbv‡Z fzj‡eB bv †h, I‡Zv ev›`‡ii `ya
LvBwQj, Ges G wel‡q m‡›`n Ki‡j †m Aek¨B ZK© Ki‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b SMov|53

ïiæi evK¨wU‡ZB †jLK wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingv‡bi cwiPq †`evi cvkvcvwk R‣bK PvbwgTvi
msev` †`b, †h Ôev›`‡ii `yaÕ cvb K‡i eo n‡q‡Q| GB cÖgvYmv‡cÿ welqwU wg‡mm †Rv‡e`vi
wek¦v‡m G‡ZvUvB `„pg~j †h, cÖ‡qvR‡b †m SMov ch©šÍ K‡i Ges Zvi M‡í Awek¦vmx †kÖvZv‡`i
ÒZzB wKQzB Rvbm bv!Ó Ñe‡j wb‡Ri wek¦v‡m w¯’i _v‡K| Zv‡Z cvVK ev †kÖvZvi gb D`MÖxe nq
†mB PvbwgTv m¤ú‡K© ïb‡Z, †mB my‡hv‡M †jLK Zvui AvL¨vb mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡q P‡jb|
Kvwnwb-cÖe܇bi GB m~Î a‡iB Mí GwM‡q P‡j; Z‡e knx`yj Rwni GLv‡b Zvui ¯^fvemyjf
fw½‡ZB my‡Zv Rwo‡q †`b GKwUi mv‡_ Av‡iKwU| GKB f~‡Mv‡ji cwimxgvq Aew¯’Z e‡j
•Lgb I PvbwgTvi Kvwnwb wg‡mm †Rv‡e`vi eq‡bi m‡½ m‡½B wee„Z nevi my‡hvM cvq Ges
†Rv‡e`v-•Lgb `yR‡biB mšÍv‡bi ¯‥zjm~‡Î Zv‡`i RxebvL¨v‡bi m‡½ hy³ nq ¯‥zj wkwÿKv †gwi
R‡qm I Zvi Kb¨v Rywj K¬v‡K©i AvL¨vbvsk| Z‡e †jLK †njvq my‡hvM bó K‡ib bv, dzimr
cvIqv gvÎ mK‡ji BwZnvm hy³ K‡ib †h․w³K cÖvmw½KZvq| mgKvjxb evwYR¨ I ÿgZvi

132
Ji‡m †e‡o-IVv KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK Ii‡d Li‡Kvm‡KI wZwb G‡`i m‡½ hy³ K‡ib evbv‡bv
cwiP‡qi m~‡Î|

PwiÎmg~‡ni c~e©vci BwZnvm eY©bvm~‡Î knx`yj Rwni GB e‡½ wLª÷vb-ag©vej¤^x‡`i AvMgb I

µgÿwqòzZvi Ae‡kl †hgb `„wói †MvP‡i wb‡q Av‡mb †Zgwb •Lgb-PvbwgTv-†Rv‡e`v L‡Ð
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c~e©-ga¨-DËiKv‡j Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi mg~nmsK‡Ui e„ËvšÍ Zz‡j a‡ib| GB
e„ËvšÍ Zvi ev¯Íeev`x fw½gv¸‡Y ïay Zv‡`i w`bcwÄ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq bv, n‡q I‡V cy‡iv
evsjv‡`‡ki msKUKvjxb RxebwPÎ; Avi •Lgb cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i mg¯Í evsjv‡`‡ki| knx`yj
Rwni •Lgb‡K †K‡›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¥i BwZe„Ë eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Rwigb Avi
Ave`yj Rwj‡ji mvaviY Rxe‡b `vq n‡q IVv Kb¨v •Lgb †klch©šÍ wb‡Ri cQ›` Abyhvqx gqbv
wgTv‡KB we‡q K‡i| AwZ PvjvK gqbv wgTv‡K kvm‡b I †cÖ‡g Ave× †i‡L hy‡×i fqvenZvq
wbcwZZ nq †m; wKš‘ M‡f© †e‡o IV‡Z _v‡K PvbwgTv| gyw³hy×Kvjxb •Lg‡bi GKvKx jovB
†mB AbvMZ mšÍvb‡K weiæ× cÖwZ‡e‡k AÿZ ivLv‡K †K›`ª K‡i| Pvicv‡ki gvbyl hLb
cjvZK A_ev gyw³hy‡× RwoZ ZLbI AiwÿZ e~¨‡n wb‡Ri gv I AbvMZ mšÍvb‡K wb‡q
•Lg‡bi cÖwZ‡iva Ges DVv‡b `vuov‡bv kÎæ‡`i weiæ‡× AbgbxqZvq †m D¾¡j| Zvi AvuPj
Iov‡bv‡Z kÎæiv ¯^vaxb evsjvi cZvKv Dov‡bvi Bw½Z cvq| cÖK…Z-A‡_© exiv½bv-Kvqvi ¯^iƒc
†hb †jLK evisevi A¼b K‡ib ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwbi mvg‡b D×Z gvZ…g~wZ© •Lgb‡K `vuo
Kwi‡q:

ÒZLb •Lgb cybivq eviv›`vq G‡m LvovB‡j †m(ivRvKvi Ave`yj Mwb) e‡j, wK‡mi †djvM
Dovb Avc‡b, e‡jb wK‡mi †djvM Dovb, dvBRjvwg cvB‡Qb, †iRvKvi‡Mv j‡M dvBRjvwg
gv‡ib? ZLb Rwigb fq cvB‡jI •Kg‡bi‡Zv gv_v ZvIqvi gZ Mig, †m Avãyj Mwbi K_v
ï‡b †ÿ‡c, GK K_v ev‡i ev‡i K¨vjv wRMvb?

: DËi †Zv †`b bv, wK‡mi cZvKv Dovb Ñ ¯^vaxb evsjvi?

•Lgb Pzc K‡i _v‡K|

: cvwK¯Ív‡bi?

: cvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKv DovB bv Avgiv|Ó54

133
PvZzh© I mvnwmKZvi weij mw¤§j‡b knx`yj Rwni •Lgb‡K Zvi mKj weiæ×-ev¯ÍeZvq
cÖwZev‡`i cÖZx‡K cwiYZ K‡ib| hy×ve¯’vq kÎæ‡K hy‡×i †Ljvq civwRZ K‡i •Lgb mgMÖ
gyw³i ¯^fve-PvwiΨ Zz‡j a‡ib| wcZv, fvB, ¯^vgx‡K nvwi‡q ¯^vaxbZv †h memgq †hv×v‡K
cÖvw߇Z fwi‡q †Zv‡j bv, m‡Z¨i †mB iƒpZv m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe-hyw³-PvwjZ †jLK knx`yj Rwni
†fv‡jb bv| d‡j •Lgb hy×-†k‡li e¨w³MZ eÂbvi iƒcwUI cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i| wcZ…wf‡Ui GKwU
Ask nvwi‡q †d‡j Rei-`LjKvix‡`i Kv‡Q:

†`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci •Lg‡bi hy× Rvwi _v‡K, wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingv‡bi ¯^vgx †Mvjvg ingvb
weRqx gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ gnjøvq wdiv Av‡m, wKš‘ •Lg‡bi †KD †d‡i bv, eis Zvi ev‡ci
ev‡oUvi A‡a©K ¯^vaxbZvi GKgv‡mi g‡a¨ †e`Lj nqv hvq, `wÿY‣gïw›` †_‡K j¤^v PzjAjv
`yBRb †jvK Av‡m Ges e‡j †h, evwoUvi A‡a©K Zv‡`i, gqbv wgTvi KvQ †_‡K Zviv GB
evwo wK‡b‡Q, •Lgb †ev‡S †h, nq‡Zv gqbv wgTv evwo wj‡L †`Iqvi e¨vcv‡i KvD‡K wKQy
e‡jwQj, wKš‘ †m wbðqB GB †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q evwo †e‡P bvB, wKš‘ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k •Lg‡bi
wK”Qz Kivi _v‡K bv, GB †cvjvcvb `qv K‡i evwoi A‡a©KUv `Lj K‡i, evwK A‡a© KUv •Lgb
Ges Rwigb‡K †Q‡o †`q:55

D×…wZwUi wb¤œ‡iL AskUzKz co‡jB gyw³hy×-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki Aweb¨¯ÍÑbxwZPz¨Z GKwU

KvjL‡Ði `„k¨ †f‡m I‡V, bq gvm hy× K‡i kÎæi Kv‡Q AcivwRZ †_‡KI wbRf~‡g ciev‡mi
¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q K‡Zv evOvwj| g~jZ eÂbvi GB HwZnvwmK mZ¨-m~Î AbymiY
K‡iB †jLK cieZ©x hy‡×i cøU mvRvb; †h ¯^cœ‡K evuwP‡q ivL‡Z •Lgb me nvwi‡qI n‡q D‡V‡Q
Avkvev`x, ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZx‡K †jLK •LgbcyÎ PvbwgTvi cÖwZ Bw½Z †`b GLv‡b, †mB
¯^vaxbZviƒcx cy·K E‡aŸ© Zz‡j ai‡Z •Lgb‡K hy× Ki‡Z nq| Gevi kÎæ Zvi weiæ×-cÖwZ‡ek
I A_©‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv| djZ •Lgb‡K cybivq MvÎkw³ I †gavkw³i cwiPq †i‡L PZzi n‡Z
nq| wg‡mm †Rv‡e`v ingvb e¯‘Z •Lg‡bi GB PvZz‡h©i Rb¨B Zv‡K Cl©vi †Pv‡L †`‡L Ges
wZh©K fw½gvq Zvi wel‡q eY©bv K‡i: Avevi byivwb wejwKm Dcgv •Lg‡bi PvZz‡h© me©`v Wz‡e
_v‡K Ges Zv‡K fv‡jvev‡m| Pwi‡Îi wewgkÖ †K․wYKZvq D¾¡j GB bvixB hy×Kv‡j m‡`¨vRvZ
cy·K PZziZvi AvkÖq wb‡q kÎæi Avov‡j iv‡L, Avevi †mB cy‡Îi mKj `vwe †gUvevi Dcvq
wnmv‡e wewfbœ gvby‡li Kv‡Q wewPÎ M‡íi dvu` cv‡Z| Z‡b¥‡a¨ GKwU Mí n‡”Q Zvi cyÎ
PvbwgTv I gnjøvi ev›`i‡`i m‡½ m¤úK©: hv ï‡b Óbyivwb wejwKm †Kgb AvMÖn wbqv Zvi w`‡K
ZvKvqv _v‡K, Zvi gy‡L AveQv nvwm Qovqv hvq, †Pv‡L †Nvjv Av‡jv †R‡M I‡V, †m •Lg‡bi

134
K_v †M‡j, Lvq, nq‡Zv KL‡bv e‡j, Mc gv‡ivP? ZLb •Lgb AvKvk †_‡K c‡o, Zvi gyLUv
wbwj©ß K‡i †i‡L e‡j, Rxe‡b bvÑ Mc gviæg K¨vjv, nvPv KB: Ges Zvi g‡b nq †h, wKQz
Lmv‡bvi GUvB Dchy³ mgq Ges †m hLb e‡j, Avdv cvb bvB Avc‡bi N‡i? byivwb wejwKm
D‡V hvqv cvb wbqv Av‡m, cv‡bi †evuUvq K‡i Pzb Av‡bÑ byivwb wejwK‡mi GB Mí cQ›` nq,
ev›`‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li Avðh© fvjevmvi K_v †m ïb‡Z Pvq!Ó56

KvM‡Ri †Vv½v evwb‡q Avi ïfvKv•ÿx‡`i Kv‡Q †P‡qwP‡šÍ †eu‡P _vKvi ciI •Lgb e‡ov ¯^cœ
†`Lv Qv‡o bv| cy·K wkwÿZ K‡i GK my›`i fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘
¯^vaxbZvi †h kw³ `ye©j cÖwZ‡e‡k cÖwZcvwjZ nq Zvi wbMo ‡f‡O †mB kw³ wb‡R‡K wb‡Ri
g‡Zv K‡i weKwkZ K‡i, wKš‘ †mwU nq Clr AcwigvwR©Z| djZ PvbwgTv‡K `ye©j gvZ…kw³
Avi Acgvbm~PK ¯‥z‡ji cwi‡ek a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| wb‡Ri †gav w`‡q †m weKwkZ nq
Mvwo‡Pvi wn‡m‡e| wfbœfvlvq ejv hvq, ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©xKv‡j ey‡R©vqv A_©bxwZ I mgvRbxwZi
†eovRv‡j AvUKv c‡o ewÂZ †kÖwYi DËivwaKvi PvbwgTv †Kv‡bv Avkvi c_ †`L‡Z cvq bv|
weK…Z weKv‡ki w`‡K GwM‡q hvq †m| cyivY XvKvi HwZn¨evnx Ges wejyßcÖvq cÖvwYi m‡½ G‡`i
†Kv‡bv †kÖwYMZ cv_©K¨ _v‡K bv weavq Ôev›`i‡kÖwYÕB Avcb n‡q I‡V PvbwgTv Avi •Lg‡bi|

gyw³hy×Kv‡j mKj kKzwbi †PvL dvuwK w`‡q K‡Y©i g‡Zv jy‡Kv‡bv cv‡Î, KvwZ©‡Ki g‡Zv
K…wZËKviƒcx Kvc‡oi †cvuUjvq hvi Rb¥, ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g cÖn‡i hvi gwngvewY©j Avwef©ve,
DËiKv‡j ex‡ii g‡ZvB hvi mgybœwZ, RvZxq-AvšÍR©vwZK kÎæ‡ewóZ DËiKvjxb evsjv‡`‡k Zvi
weKvk cÖwZbvq‡Ki †Lvj‡m| d‡j f`ª¯’ †Kv‡bv gvb‡ei Zzjbvq gnjøvi Ôev›`iÕ¸jvB Zvi †ewk
Avcb n‡q I‡V:

f~‡Zi Mwjøi ev›`i¸jv PvbwgTvi w`‡K bRi w`qvB iv‡L, XvKv kn‡ii GB ev›`i¸jvi
ms‡e`bkxjZv nq‡Zv gvby‡li g‡Zv nqv I‡V, nq‡Zv wVK gvby‡li gZ bvÑ KviY, gvby‡li
ms‡e`bkxjZvi welqUvB nq‡Zv GKUv wg_Ñ Z_vwc GB ev›`‡iiv nq‡Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h,
†cvjvUvi †KD bvB, evc/fvB bvB, gvgv/PvPv bvB, bvbv/bvwb, `v`v/`vw`, wK”Qz bvB, d‡j a~mi
ev›`iwbUvi ev”Pvi m‡½ †m †Ljv K‡i eo nqÑ gvby‡li GKUv ev”Pv, ev›`‡ii GKUv ev”Pvi
m‡½ †Ljva~jv K‡i eo nqv DV‡ZB cv‡i|57

135
evbi Avi gvby‡li GB †h Rxeb-cwiKíbv †jLK fve‡jb ev eY©bv Ki‡jb, Zv‡Z my¯úó n‡q
DV‡jv ÿgZvKvVv‡gvi †K›`ª †_‡K Zviv KZ `~‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q Ges ev›`ievwnbxi cÖavb n‡q
DVvi fwel¨r-m¤¢vebv PvbwgTvi c‡ÿ K‡ZvUv m¤¢e; Ges PvbwgTv Zv-B nq:

ÒPvbwgTvi ev›`i eÜziv Zvi wcQ‡b †j‡M _v‡K, Zvi cÖ_g ev›`i eÜz Zvi Kv”Pvev”Pv Ges
¯¿x‡`i wbqv hLbZLb Av‡m, Ges •Lgb hLb N‡i _v‡K bv ZLb GB ev›`i ev›`iwbiv Ges
Zv‡`i †cvjvcvb Zvi Ni f‡i †d‡j M¨vÄvg K‡i, PvbwgTv Zvi ev›`i †gngvb‡`i m‡½
•n‣n‣i‣i K‡i KvUvq; •Lgb nq‡Zv †cvjv‡K e‡K, ev›`‡ii j‡M _vBKv ev›`i nqv †MZvQP...
nq‡Zv PvbwgTv‡K gvBi jvMv‡bviI ûgwK †`q, e‡j, N‡ii wfZ‡i ev›`i jqv dvjvdvwj
Ki‡j gvBiv Z‡i dvUvgy, wKš‘ ev›`‡iivB PvbwgTvi eo eÜz nqv Lvovq, gvBiv dvUv‡bvi K_v
ejvq eyov ûjvUv G‡m •Lgb‡K †fswP w`qv fq †`Lvq; wZb/PvBi/cvuP wKsev `k cÖR‡b¥i
cÂvBkUv ev›`i Zvi †Ljvi mv_x nqv c‡o Ges GB msL¨v R¨vwgwZK nv‡i ev‡o|Ó58

Mvwoi M¨v‡i‡R KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q †m †cÖ‡g c‡o hvq Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi, webv †bvwU‡k †h †Kv‡bv
Mvwo Pvjv‡bv Zvi c‡ÿ Avb‡›`i KvR e‡j cÖwZfvZ nq| Ges GKw`b Abwf‡cÖZfv‡e cywjk
mv‡R©›U iwd‡Ki Kv‡Q aiv co‡j iwdKB Zv‡K w`‡q MvwowU †PvivB gvj wn‡m‡e wewµ Kivq|
¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x •bwZK Aeÿ‡qi †¯ªvZ AvB‡bi †meK‡`i Øviv Kx iKg cÖ‡ivPbv †c‡q‡Q,
knx`yj Rwni †mw`‡KB `„wó †`b PvbwgTvi wec_MvwgZvi GB KvwnwbL‡Ð:

mv‡R©›U (iwdK) ayiÜi cÖvYx, PvbwgTvi m‡½ K_v e‡j †m AevK nq, GBUv †KvbLvbKvi
wPwoqv, †m fv‡e Ges e‡j, GB Kvg hLb KiB Mvwo dvjvqv w`qv hvI †Kb? Aiv LvB‡j‡Zv
evuPev bvÑ Zzwg‡Zv aiv co‡Qv, GLb‡Zv †R‡j hvBevÑ A‡dÝ G‡nb÷ cÖcvwU©, †_d&U, †cbvj
†Kv‡Wi aviv 378; ... ZLb mv‡R©›U iwd‡Ki GB †cvjvUvi Rb¨ gvqv nq, †m Zvi Kv‡Üi
Dc‡i GKUv nvZ iv‡L Ges PvbwgTv U‡qvUv gvK© Uz MvwoUvi `iRv cybivq †jvnvi Zvi XzKvqv
Ly‡j j¤^v wUªc †g‡i Uw½ hvq, MvwRcyi †P․iv¯Ívi wcQ‡b ÔemygwZ †gvUi †M‡iRÕ-Gi gvwjK
Avidvb Avwji Kv‡Q Mvwo Ges mv‡R©‡›Ui †jLv GKUv wPiKzU †c․uQvqv w`‡j, Avidvb Avwj
Zv‡K e‡j, wewµ nB‡j Zzwg cÂvk cvBev|Õ

: cÂvk wK?
: nvRvi|
PvbwgTv Mvwo †Pv‡i cwiYZ nq59

136
†Pv‡i cwiYZ n‡jI Zvi bvqK‡Z¡i Awfbe‡Z¡ fvuUv c‡o bv| Rywji †cÖ‡gi cÖKvk N‡U Zvi
cÖwZ| wKš‘ PvbwgTvi Abyf‡ei gyL †Lv‡j bv Zv‡Z| G‡ÿ‡Î knx`yj Rwni wfbœ GKwU c×wZi
AvkÖq †bb| mgvšÍivjfv‡e `ywU M‡íi cÖ‡qv‡M Rywj-PvbwgTvi BwZe„Ë c~Y© K‡ib| Rywji
c~e©cyiæl wW myRv Ges we`y¨b¥vjvi †cÖgKvwnwb Ges jvwZb †jLK M¨vewi‡qj Mvwm©qv gv‡K©‡Ri
ÔB‡bœv‡m›U Bwiw›`iv GÛ Av`vi †÷vwiRÕ MíMÖ‡š’i Ô†W_ KÝUv›U weqÛ jvfÕ bvgK M‡íi †cÖg-
cÖZxÿvi e„ËvšÍ hy³ K‡i Rwni Rywj I PvbwgTvi †cÖ‡gi AvL¨vb •Zwi K‡ib| djZ Rywj K¬vK©
gv‡K©‡Ri M‡íi g‡Zv Pvb wgTvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K iÿv Ki‡Z Pvq, K¯Ívi m‡½ weevn cvKv n‡jI
†m PvbwgTvi m‡½ evB‡i †_‡K Av‡m `yBw`b Ges †Pw÷wU †eë c‡i Pvwe †i‡L Av‡m
PvbwgTvi Kv‡Q| gv‡qi wb‡la m‡Ë¡I †m PvbwgTvi †`qv Pv¤úv Kjv fÿY K‡i Ges
PvbvwgTv‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡e jvf Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j VvKzigv jveY¨cÖfvi wb‡Ri bvbvwi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ
Bw½ †`q| G‡Z RxebmsMÖvgx †gwi R‡qm `ytL cvq wKš‘ wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv Zvi:

†m (Rywj) G‡m weQvbvi cv‡k e‡m Ges e‡j, Avgvi wKQz Kivi bvB gv, AvB K¨vbU g¨vwi
K¯Ív|
: evU †nvqvB? †nvqvB Avi BD Wzwqs w`m !
Rywj Zvi gv‡qi GKUv nvZ †U‡b wbqv Zvi †Kvg‡i ¯’vcb K‡i, wg‡mm †gwi R‡qm Rywji js
¯‥v‡U©i Dci w`qv GKUv gvSvwi AvKv‡ii c¨vW j‡Ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvi AvZ¼
†`Lv †`q, wK GUv?
: †Pw÷wU †eë!
: †nvqvU Wz BD †m?
Rywj e‡j, Avwg GB Ae¯’vq K¯Ív‡K weqv Ki‡Z cvwi bv, AvB Iqv›U Uz weKvg G bvb gg!
: j‡Ki Pvwe †Kv_vq?
: PvbwgTvi Kv‡Q!
ZLb wg‡mm K¬vK© Kv‡›` Ñ I gvB MW, BD Avi Ibwj cvwbwks wg, wVK Av‡Q PvbwgTv AvmyK
Ñ Zvi eyov K¬všÍ Mv‡ji Dci w`qv Zß AkÖæ Movqv c‡o60

A_P Avevj¨ Rywji †cÖ‡g gk¸j †_‡K gvgyb Avkvq c_ †P‡q iq, GKUz Qzu‡Z Pvq Rywj‡K; wKš‘
Rywj Zb¥q n‡q _v‡K Ôgvw¼eqÕ PvbwgTv‡Z| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i GB Mí †jLK ïay
†cÖgvL¨vb iPbvi Rb¨ evQvB K‡ibwb; Rxeb hvÎvi wewea iƒc D˜NvU‡b wZwb G‡`i Rxe‡bi
we¯Ívi‡K Zvov K‡i wd‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi gyw³hy‡×vËi evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯ÍeZv Mfxifv‡e
137
wµqgvY| wcZv nvwi‡q, gv‡qi ¯^í DcvR©‡b Rxe‡bi bvbvwea Pvwn`v-c~iYmv‡c‡ÿ we‡q K‡i
†`kvšÍix n‡q hvIqv †hgb Rywji mvg‡b GKgvÎ ev¯ÍeZv, †Zgwb cwiev‡ii mKj myweav‡fvMx
gvgy‡bi e¨vsKvi nIqvUvI ZrKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki Rxebev¯ÍeZvi cÖgvY; Ab¨w`‡K mvgwMÖK
myweav †_‡K ewÂZ gvw¼eqÕ PvbwgTvi c‡ÿ gv‡qi ¯^cœ c~iY K‡i mgv‡R cÖwZôv cvevi ¯^cœ
†`LvUv †hgb `ytmva¨ †Zgwb cwiPq nvwi‡q A‡b¨i cvwiP‡q eo nIqv Li‡Kv‡mi c‡ÿI Am¤¢e
GKwU wg_¨v cwiPq cÖwZôv Kiv, hw`I mvnm, A_© I PvZz‡h©i gvb`‡Ð Zvi †hvM¨Zv †Kv‡bv
As‡kB Kg bq|

¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x wZb `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‥…wZ‡Z •e‡`wkK AvMÖvm‡bi †h Kv‡jv Qvc c‡o‡Q,
beŸB‡qi ci †_‡K †hUv †Ljvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, †jLK †mB Aeÿ‡qi cUf~wgKvq Zvui
Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb †kl K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b †`‡ki gvbyl wb‡R‡`i evuwP‡q ivL‡Z Pzwii g‡Zv
Aciv‡a Rwo‡q hvq Ges †mB Pzwi‡Z we‡`wk‡`i Mvwo Rwo‡q co‡j †`‡ki gvb-m¤§vb f~jywÉZ
nq:

Òigbv _vbv †_‡K `ªæZ cywjk G‡m nvwRi nq, wmAvBwc Kvg d‡ib Bb‡f÷v‡ii †Km, †`‡ki
fveg~wZ©i cÖk,œ G‡`i wmwKDwiwU w`‡Z bv cvi‡j wewjqb Wjv‡ii wewb‡qvM Avm‡e bv, Pxb
wKsev wf‡qZbv‡g P‡j hv‡e, mvsNvwZK e¨vcvi, d‡j †Kv‡bv Dcvq bvB, MvwdjwZ n‡j nq‡Zv
†nvg wgwb÷vi ¯^qs †Mvqv w`qv ev¤^y XzKvqv †`‡eÓ61

cÖZxKx Av‡qvR‡b knx`yj Rwni MvwÛe enZv Ges Nvwmi bv‡g `yBRb we‡`wk PwiÎ wb‡q
Av‡mb, hviv evOvwj‡K wewfbœ e¨emvi dvu‡` †d‡j wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq| GK fz‡j
hvIqv Dcwb‡ekKvixi cyi‡bv KÉ Zv‡`i evK¨gvjvq †e‡R I‡V:

ZLb MvwÛe enZv‡K nq‡Zv Nvwmi web Avnivg Zvi mv`v weGgWveøy -‡Z K‡i wjdU †`qÑ
Av‡mv Pvbm hLb cvIqv †M‡Q, †c․uQvqv †`B Ñ Ges Nvwm‡ii Lye gRv jv‡M, †m e‡j, †mv bU
Abwj wPc †jevi evU †` Aj‡mv n¨vf Kvi w_fm!

: B‡qm, GKPz‡qwj DB diMU GevBU Iqvb K¬vm, û DW cÖevewj bU we †UvUvwj AvÛvi

AvIqvi K‡›Uªvj!

: û, Kvi w_fm?

: B‡hm, DB Avi d‡ib Bb‡fmAvim, nvD †Wqvi †` w÷j AvIqvi cÖcvwU©?62

138
eis ZvivB bZzb e¨emvi bv‡g, wewb‡qv‡Mi bv‡g ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x evsiv‡`‡ki ms¯‥…wZ, eyw×e„wË,
KvwqK-gvbwmK kÖg I evOvwj bvix‡`i †m․›`h© jy‡U †bevi D‡Ï‡k¨ DËi-Dcwb‡e‡ki dvu` ‣Zwi
K‡i:

:GB †`‡ki †jv‡Kiv e‡j †h, †` n¨vf `v wP‡c÷ †jevi Bb `v Iqvì©!

: †cÖvevewj, †bv cÖe‡jg, DB DBj BDR †`g, GÛ †` DBj †gK gvwb|

: †` Avi `v wP‡c÷, B‡qm, DB DBj wMf †`g IqvK©, GÛ †` DBj wms Uz Avm!

: †`qvi DB‡gb DBj !

ZLb †Uwjwfk‡b MvwÛe enZvi ÔgyiwM †Zvgvi AvÛvi †Lvu‡ RÕ †cÖvMÖv‡gi K_v Zv‡`i g‡b c‡o
...

ZLb GÛªy Gj evDU‡ci g‡b nq †h, GB †`‡k Mfv‡b©Ý GKUv mgm¨v, ¸W Mfv‡b©‡Ýi Lye
Afve, †m e‡j †h, GBUv wb‡qv wKQz Kiv hvq bv?

: hv‡e bv †Kb? Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, †Zvgiv †bRvgZ PvjvI, Avgv‡`i †`IqvwbUv w`qv
†`I, Avgiv PvjvB, UvUv Avm‡Z‡Q, avwe MÖæc Avm‡Z‡Q, fvB GUv wd« gv‡K©U B‡Kvbwg!63

D`vi gvbeZvev‡`i hy‡M D`vi A_©bxwZi DwQjvq behy‡Mi Dcwb‡ekvqb-cÖwµqvi cÖK…Z ¯^iƒcwU
knx`yj Rwni GB AbycÖ‡ekKvix Pwiθ‡jvi wPšÍv-K‡g©i cÖK…wZi gva¨‡g Zz‡j a‡i mgKv‡ji
†klcÖvšÍwU Qzu‡q‡Qb| AvL¨v‡bi Kvj-K¨vbfv‡mi we¯Í…wZ Gfv‡eB N‡U‡Q GB Dcb¨v‡m Ges
†jLK †mLv‡b mdj n‡q‡Qb e‡j gšÍe¨ Kiv hvq|

Z‡e knx`yj Rwn‡ii †h welqwU AšÍZ GB Dcb¨v‡m cÖKU`„ó, Zv n‡”Q Gi fvlv‣ewkó¨| cÖwgZ
evsjv †_‡K `~ieZ©x Gi eY©bfvlv| Pwi‡Îi †f․‡MvwjK AwfÁvb wn‡m‡e, KvjMZ `~i‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi
wn‡m‡e Pwi‡Îi gy‡Li fvlv †jLK wek¦vm‡hvM¨ K‡i M‡o‡Qb, wKš‘ eY©bvi g~jfv‡l¨ cÖwgZ e܇b
AvU‡K _v‡Kbwb| ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvÕ Dcb¨vm †_‡K wØZxq ce© ïiæ nIqv GB
†jL‡Ki eY©bvi fvlv ax‡i ax‡i cÖwg‡Zi eÜb wQbœ K‡i, †hvMv‡hvM-mÿg gy‡Li fvlvi GKwU
eY©bm~Î •Zwi K‡i‡Q, hv evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m weij`„ó| û‡Zvgx evsjvi HwZn¨ Avi
evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¸Yx mvwnwZ¨K‡`i D`vniY g‡b †i‡LI ejv hvq knx`yj Rwn‡ii GB
cÖ‡Póv e¨wZµwgZvq DrKxY©| fvlvq AskMÖn‡Yi myweav wb‡qB Rwni eY©bfv‡l¨ AwfbeZ¡

139
Avb‡Z m‡Pó wQ‡jb64; wZwb Rvb‡Zb fvlvi cÖengvbZvm~‡Î fvlv cwieZ©bkxj, wZwb mgKv‡ji
me‡P‡q DËg †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e evsjvfvlvi †h iƒcwU cÖPwjZ †`‡L‡Qb †mwU‡KB MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb|

djZ, K_¨wgwkÖZ Uvbv M‡`¨ wZwb Mí eqvb K‡i‡Qb, †Kv‡bviKg ivLXvK QvovB| AšÍZ,
Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ Dcb¨v‡mi M`¨ †mwUB cÖgvY K‡i:

ÒZLb Avmj A_ev bKj gvgyb‡K Luy‡R †ei Kiv Riæwi nqv c‡o; Zviv wUcy m~jZvb †iv‡Wi
gv_vq wLªóvb‡`i Ki¯’v‡bi Kv‡Q †cvjvcvb‡`i cvq, GB evj‡Kiv fv½v Lvcov Ges †Uwbm
ej w`qv ÔmvZLvcivÕ †Ljvq e¨¯Í wQj, Mv‡q Qzu‡o †`Iqv ej jvMvi f‡q gvgyb nq‡Zv jyKvqv
wQj Kv‡QB, mnmv †m †ei nqv Av‡m Ges Zvi ev‡ci Ke‡j c‡o|Ó65

D×…Zvs‡ki †iLv-wPwýZ wµqvc`¸‡jvi w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡jB †evaMg¨ nq †h, cÖwgZ †kvfbZv
†_‡K iƒcMZfv‡e G-fvlv K‡ZvLvwb m‡i G‡m‡Q g~j †_‡K| Dciš‘ GB fw½gvq †jLK
¯^vaxb-MwZ •Zwi K‡ib eY©bvKv‡j, fvlvi e܇bi †Kv‡bv evjvB bv _vK‡j M‡íi eY©bMwZ e„w×
cvq| fvlvi GB ¯^vaxb e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wZwb M‡íi wfbœ wfbœ m¤¢vebv •Zwi K‡ib| ¯^vaxb
wµqviƒ‡ci g‡Zv wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖPzi ms‡hvRK-we‡qvRK Ae¨q c` e¨envi K‡i evK¨ MVb
K‡ib| d‡j ev‡K¨ wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv KZ©v ev wµqv cvIqv hvq bv| Awbw`©óZvi my‡hv‡M †jLK
GKB ev‡K¨ AvL¨v‡bi ¯’vb-Kvj I Pwi‡Îi HK¨ †f‡O †`b, e¯‘Z GB c×wZ‡Z wZwb mg‡qi
¯Íi AwZµg K‡i GKB m‡½ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kvjmxgv‡K GwM‡q wb‡q P‡jb Ges GKB m‡½
`yBwU NUbvi cvÎ-cvÎx‡`i nvjnwKKZ Rvbvb|66 mgvb MwZ‡Z cvVK AZxZ-eZ©gvb fwel¨r‡K
Ae‡jvKb K‡ib Ges PwiÎmg~‡ni MwZcÖK…wZi Av‡`¨vcvšÍ AeMZ nIqvi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib|

140
Z_¨wb‡`©k:

1. Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv : knx`yj Rwni wbe©wPZ Dcb¨vm, mgv‡ek, XvKv, †deªæqvwi 2007; c„ôv
Ñ 11

2. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 12

3. cÖv¸³

4. mvjvnDwÏb Avn‡g`; m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ
227 |

5. Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv : cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 12

6. cÖv¸³

7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 15

8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 16

9. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 51

10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 51-52

11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 52

12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 39

13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 18

14. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 12

15. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 30

16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 25 I 41

17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 35

18. ÒGKwU e¨_© cÖY‡qi welYœZv Ges †h․e‡b jvwjZ ivR‣bwZK Av`k© AR©‡bi c_ †_‡K m‡i Avmvi
Møvwb‡eva Zvi wQj|Ó ÑAvey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2009; c„ôv Ñ 15

19. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 16

141
20. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 15

21. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 22

22. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 42

23. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 42-43

24. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 43

25. cÖv¸³

26. cÖv¸³

27. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 54

28. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 53

29. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 16

30. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 52

31. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 56

32. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 63

33. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 12

34. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 50

35. †m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj : knx`yj Rwni wbe©wPZ Dcb¨vm, cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv, †deªæqvwi 2007; c„ôv Ñ
53

36. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 54

37. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 55

38. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 83

39. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 84

40. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 116

142
41. mynvwmbxi †jv‡Kiv e‡j †h, gwdRywÏb wgqvi GiKg B”Qv wQj †h, Zvi †Q‡j‡`i ‡fZi GKRb‡K
†m gv`ªvmvq cov‡e, hv‡Z K‡i GKwU †Q‡j cwiev‡i ag©Kg© Pvjy ivL‡Z cv‡i, GRb¨ bvwmiDwÏb‡K
†m wkïKvj †_‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡i iv‡L Ges mynvwmbxi †jvK‡`i GB K_vwU wewfbœ cÖm‡½ GKvwaKevi
AewnZ K‡i e‡j, bvwmiDwÏb‡K Avwg Avjøvn&i bv‡g gv`ªvmvq w`gy; cÖv¸³|

42. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 118

43. Dcb¨vmwUi g~j PwiÎ gwdRywÏb-G †KD †kL gywR‡ei Qvqviƒc jÿ Ki‡Z Pvb| PvB‡j fzj Ki‡e|
Ñ knx`yj Rwni, Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi KZ…©K M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`
(m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 577 |

44. cÖvmw½Kfv‡e gšÍe¨ Kiv hvq †h, fvlvi †Ljvq knx`yj Rwni me©‡kl Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ †ZB nvZ
cvKv‡bv ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi †LvjvgyL hvÎvcÖevn my¯úóZv jvf K‡i Zvui †kl Dcb¨vm Ôgy‡Li w`‡K
†`wLÕ Ges MíMÖš’ ÔWjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ-Gi Mímg~‡n|

45. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 57

46. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 129

47. Dcb¨vmwU ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ Jcb¨vwmK ai‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb msL¨vjNy‡`i mgm¨v, †`k Z¨v‡Mi Kó,
wKš‘... Zvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj Av‡iv e¨vwß, Kvwnbxi Av‡iv cÖmviY, NUbvi Av‡iv axi jq| Ñ mvjgv evYx|
m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 338 |

48. gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL: gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2006| c„ôv Ñ 72

49. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 72-73

50. gyLeÜ: gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL; cÖv¸³

51. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 139

52. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 141

53. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 9

54. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 61

55. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 74

56. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 75

143
57. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 75-76

58. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 77

59. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 94

60. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 141

61. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 135

62. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 135

63. cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 129-130

64. Avwg Av‡MB e‡jwQ, cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j fvlvq AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi Avgvi Av‡Q| GUv‡K Avwg
ej‡Z PvB, ivBU Uz cvwU©wm‡cU| GUv cÖcvMvÛvi welq bv, GUv cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi welq| GLb K_v R‡”Q
GB ivBU Uz cvwU©wm‡ck‡bi Kvi‡Y fvlv e`jvqv hvB‡Z _vK‡j Kx n‡e? fvlv cwieZ©b nIqv `iKvi,
bvwK `iKvi bvB? Fvlv †Zv wbkPqB wPi¯’vqx Avmgvwb †Kvb e¨vcvi bv, Avgvi Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv,
Rxebhvcb c×wZ, AvPiY, KvR Ges AKvR, ms¯‥vi Ges Kzms¯‥vi, Avgvi eywj Ges Mvwj Avgvi
fvlvq Avm‡e bv? Mí wjwL‡q wnmv‡e Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cvIqv fvlv
i³vcøZvq AvµvšÍ Ges RxY© nqv †M‡Q| fvlvi GB cÖev‡n bZzb cwimÂvjb jvM‡e| Avwg
K_vmvwn‡Z¨i ïay msjvc bv, †U·‡Ui †ÿ‡ÎI bZzb evK¨ web¨vm Ges fvlv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvw”Q| Ñ
knx`yj Rwni, Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi KZ…©K M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`
(m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 572 |

65. gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL; cÖv¸³; c„ôv Ñ 46

66. Avwg GKUv wm‡½j wcKPvi †cÖ‡R›U Ki‡Z PvB bv| GB †h evievi GKB NUbvi eY©bv †`qv nq,
G‡Z wKš‘ NUbvwU GKUz GKUz K‡i †W‡fjc K‡i| gv‡b GKB NUbvi cybive„wË NU‡jI cÖwZeviB
NUbvi LvwbKUv AMÖMwZ N‡U| Avwg G‡Kev‡i cy‡ivUv bv e‡j w`‡q evievi ewj, GKB †d«‡g bv e‡j
GKvwaK †d«‡g ewj| G‡Z... cvV‡Ki Ici wKQzUv †cÖkvi wµ‡qU Kiv nq|... Avgvi g‡b nq GB
c×wZi GB GK myweav Ñ UvBg †d«g‡K †f‡O †`qv hvq| Ñknx`yj Rwni: Avngv` †gv¯Ívdv Kvgvj
KZ…©K M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi| m~Î: †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’; cÖv¸³;
c„ôv Ñ 596 |

144
 Dcmsnvi

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L) cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li Rxeb
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iPbvK‡g© Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb; hv Zvui AmvaviY cvi½gZvi Abb¨ wb`k©b|

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c‡e©i iPbvmg~‡n GBme fvwlK jÿY my¯úó|

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evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Amvgvb¨ m¤ú`| bZzb hy‡Mi †jLKMY nq‡Zv Zvui GB GwM‡q ivLv c_
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mvwnwZ¨K-`vk©wb‡KiI| djZ, welq wba©viY, Kvwnwbi Av‡qvRb I cÖKiY wbe©vP‡b wZwb n‡q
D‡V‡Qb wek¦vwfmvix|

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146
 MÖš’cwÄ

MíMÖš’:

cvivcvi : gy³aviv, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: Ryb 1985

Wzgyi‡L‡Kv gvbyl
I Ab¨vb¨ Mí : wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 1999

Wjy b`xi nvIqv

I Ab¨vb¨ Mí : gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2004

knx`yj Rwni
wbe©vwPZ Mí : cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2006

Dcb¨vm:

Rxeb I
ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZv :nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 1985
: wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 1994

Avey Beªvnx‡gi g„Zz¨ : cÖ_g cÖKvk ÔwbcyYÕ Ryb 1991

: gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2009

†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj : wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 1995

gy‡Li w`‡K †`wL : gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2006

knx`yj Rwni
wbe©vwPZ Dcb¨vm : cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2007

147
 mnvqK MÖš’vewj

A‡jvK ivq (m¤úvw`Z) : mvwnZ¨‡Kvl: K_vmvwnZ¨, mvwnZ¨‡jvK, KjKvZv, cwiewa©Z bZzb

ms¯‥iY: †m‡Þ¤^i 2010 (cÖ_g cÖKvk: GwcÖj 1967)

AvdRvjyj evmvi (Ab~w`Z) : wfU‡Mb÷vB‡bi UªvK‡UUvm, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:
AvM÷ 2001

Avey Rvdi : mvwn‡Z¨ mgvR fvebv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: Ryb 1995

Avj‡e¨i Kvgy : `¨ wg_ Ae wmwmdvm (g‡bvR PvKjv`vi Ab~w`Z), Ges gykv‡qiv,

KjKvZv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: Rvbyqvwi 2004

Kexi †P․ayix : mvwnZ¨-†Kvl, wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, PZz_© ms¯‥iY: wW‡m¤^i 2005

KzšÍj P‡Ævcva¨vq : mvwn‡Z¨i iƒc-ixwZ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½, iZœvejx, KjKvZv, PZz_©

cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z ms¯‥iY, Aóg gy`ªY: †g 2011

Mvweª‡qj Mvwm©qv gv‡K©m : mijv G‡iw›`iv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (mv‡jnv †P․ayix Ab~w`Z), m‡›`k, XvKv,
cÖ_g cÖKvk: A‡±vei 2004

wMqvm kvgxg : evsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK Dcb¨vm, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:
†deªæqvwi 2002

PÂjKzgvi †evm : evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi wkíiƒc, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:
GwcÖj 2009

wPiÄxe k~i (msKjK) : cÖZx‡P¨i mvwnZ¨ZË¡ I mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbv, Av‡jvPbv Pµ, KjKvZv,
wØZxq ms¯‥iY: Rvbyqvwi 2016

†`‡ek ivq : Dcb¨vm wb‡q, †`ÕR cvewjwks, KjKvZv, wØZxq ms¯‥iY: Rvbyqvwi
2003 (cÖ_g cÖKvk: Rvbyqvwi 1991)

bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq : †QvUM‡íi mxgv‡iLv, evK&-mvwnZ¨ cÖvt wjwg‡UW, wØZxq gy`ªY: 1406
e½vã|

cv_©cÖwZg e‡›`¨vcva¨vq : Dcb¨v‡mi mgvRZË¡, i¨vwWK¨vj B‡¤úªkb, KjKvZv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:

Rvbyqvwi 1994

d‡qR Avjg : DËi-Dcwb‡ekx gb, ms‡e`, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †g 2006

148
wecøe gvRx : †cv÷gWvwb©Rg: m¤¢vebv I fwel¨Z, AÄwj cvewjkvm©, KjKvZv, cÖ_g
cÖKvk: Ryb 2006

wek¦wRr †Nvl : evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: Ryb 1991

gnxeyj AwRR : evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m MÖvgxY wb¤œeM©, RvZxq MÖš’ cÖKvkb, XvKv, cÖ_g
cÖKvk: 2002

†gv. Avãyj gywnZ, W. : fvlv `k©b, Aemi, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: wW‡m¤^i 2012

†gv.gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb : evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í ga¨weË Rxe‡bi iƒcvqY, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv,
cÖ_g cÖKvk: Ryb 2009

†gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` (m¤úvw`Z) : knx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’, cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi
2010

†gvnv¤§` Rvwn` †nv‡mb : evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: Rxeb I mgvR, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g
cÖKvk: Ryb 1997

iwdKDjøvn Lvb : kZe‡l©i evsjv Dcb¨vm, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi
2000

ivRxe ûgvqyb : mgvRfvlvweÁvb, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi

2001

ivgK…ò fÆvPvh© : b¨v‡iUjwR: †Qv‡UvMí: †Qv‡Uv‡`i Mí, †KviK, KjKvZv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:
Rvbyqvwi 2014

i¨vjd d· : Dcb¨vm I RbMY (ew`Di ingvb Ab~w`Z), c¨vwcivm, XvKv, cÖ_g

cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2005

kixd nviæb (Ab~w`Z) : R¨uv-cj mv‡Z©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ev` I gvbeZvev`, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g
cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 1985

mvC`-Di-ingvb (m¤úvw`Z) : evsjv‡`‡ki cuwPk eQ‡ii mvwnZ¨, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk:
GwcÖj 2003

mvjvnDwÏb AvBqye : AvaywbKZv I DËivaywbKZv, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: RyjvB
1994

149
wmWwb kbevM© : †WUjvBb evsjv‡`k: bvBw›Ub †m‡fw›UIqvb (gwd`yj nK Ab~w`Z),
mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: Rvbyqvwi 1995

†m․wgÎ †kLi, W. : K_vwkí A‡š^lY, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi
2006

mnvqK Rvbv©j/ wjUj g¨vMvwRb

†jvK (knx`yj Rwni msL¨v) : Awb‡KZ kvgxg (m¤úvw`Z), 9g el© : msL¨v 12| wW‡m¤^i 2008

kvjyK (knx`yj Rwni we‡kl msL¨v) : Iev‡q` AvKvk (m¤úvw`Z) 9g el©: msL¨v 10| †m‡Þ¤^i 2008

150