CV2011-Lecture3 - LiB (Determinacy & EQ)

CV2102: Structures 1
CV2011 Structures 1
Lecture 3
• Determinacy
• Stability
• Simple application of equilibrium
equations
Lecture 3 – Li Bing 1
Determinacy
• Equilibrium equations (EE) provide sufficient conditions for
equilibrium
• When all forces (internal and reactions) can be determined
strictly from the EE, the structure is referred as statically
determine
• If the structure has more unknown forces than the numbers
of EE , the structure is a staticallyy indeterminate structure
• If a structure is statically indeterminate, addition equations,
known as compatibility equations are needed to solve for the
forces
forces
• In this course, we shall only work on statically determine
planar (2D) structures
•For stability, a minimum of 3
reaction components
p is needed:
d d
Lecture 3 2
•Examples of external statical classification:
•Computation of reactions using Equation of Equilibrium
•Example: Determine the reactions for the structure.

•Condition
d
equations
ti ffor planar
l
structures
Stability
• To ensure equilibrium of a structure or its members:
– Must
us satisfy
s s y EEss
– Members must be properly “held” or constrained
by their supports
• If the structure is not properly supported, instability
may be resulted and lead to collapse of the (partially
or whole)
h l ) structure
t t
• Instability could be caused by
– Partial constraints (i.e.
(i e no enough numbers of constraints
/ support reactions)
– Improper Constraints (i.e. enough numbers of constraints
but put in wrong positions/ / directions)
Lecture 3 7
•And they must be properly arranged:
In some cases, the number of reaction forces may equal EEs.

However, instability or movement of structure could still occur
if support reactions are
• Concurrent
C n rr nt (i.e.
(i ppass thr
through)
h) att a point
p int
• All parallel and acting along one direction only
•Example: A pin-connected two-bar frame is supported and loaded as shown
below. Determine the reactions at supports A and B.
•Structures with Internal Hinges
Simple application of EEs

Procedure of analysis using EEs
(1) Identify all the supports and hinge connections (if
any)
(2) Remove the supports and re re--apply the reactions
(3) Draw FBD for the whole structures or FBDs for
separate
p p
parts of the structure. Remember that 3
EEs could by applied to each separated FBD
(4) Apply EEs in turns (to different separate parts if
needed)
d d) tto solve
l ffor th
the unknown
k reaction
ti and d
forces
(5) Always try to solve one unknown at a time
Lecture 3 14
Simple application of EEs

Some useful hints
(1) There
Th is
i no need d to k
know iin advance
d the
h didirections
i
of the reaction before the analysis. One could
always assuming the reactions are acting in the
positive directions, if eventually the answer is
negative, it simply implies that the reaction is
acting
ti ini the
th oppositeit direction
di ti
(2) When apply the EEs, very often the solutions will
become very straightforward by take moment (i.e. (i e
using the ΣM=0 condition) at appropriate point
(3) Always
y write the EE in “sum-
“sum-to
to--zero” form,, this
could reduce the chance of making errors
Lecture 3 15
Numerical examples
Note: the 6.8kNm

+ ∑ Fx = 0; Ax − 270 cos 600 = 0
moment at the free
end should be
included when taking
Ax = 135kN moment at A
With anti - clockwise in the + direction,

∑ A
M = 0; − 270 sin 60 0
(3) + 270 cos 60 0
(0.3) + B y (4.2) − 6.8 = 0
B y = 159kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0; − 270 sin 600 + 159 + Ay = 0
Ay = 74.8kN
Lecture 3 16
The 6kN/m udl is converted to
36kN at its centroid
Segment BC :
∑ M c = 0; − 8 + B y (4.5) = 0 ⇒ B y = 1.78kN
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0; − 1.78 + C y = 0 ⇒ C y = 1.78kN
+ ∑ Fx = 0; Bx = 0
Lecture 3 17
Segment AB :
∑ M A = 0; M A − 36(3) + (1.78)(6) = 0
M A = 97.3kN .m
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0; Ay − 36 + 1.78 = 0
Ay = 34.2kN
+ ∑ Fx = 0; Ax = 0
Lecture 3 18
•Example :
•Compute the reactions for the structure shown below.
Some remarks
• More examples could be found in the textbook
• When udl is involved, one needs to convert it to the
equivalent point load acts at the centroid
• In all exercises, calculations are always very simple
but one need to draw FBDs and apply EEs
correctly
l to get the
h correct answers
• More exercises are given in Tutorial sheet 1
• More practice is useful to allow one to solve the
this type of question in a faster speed with less
chances
h to make
k error
Lecture 3 31
Next Lecture
• Introduction to planar truss

• Determinacy and stability of truss
Lecture 3 32

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CV2102: Structures 1

•Example: Determine the reactions for the structure.

In some cases, the number of reaction forces may equal EEs.

Simple application of EEs

Simple application of EEs

Note: the 6.8kNm

With anti - clockwise in the + direction,

• Introduction to planar truss

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