STA104

(INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS) FACULTY

OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT DIPLOMA
IN BUSINESS STUDIES (BA111) GROUP
ASSIGNMENT:
TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION UITM MACHANG STUDENTS USES
TO ATTEND CLASSES
PART2.

PREPARED BY:

NO. NAME NO.

MATRIC
1. NUR IMANINA BINTI HANAPI 2022487812
2. CHE ADIRA BINTI ANUAR 2022486978
3. IRDINA ILYA BINTI ISMARADIN 2022644702
4. HUDA ARDINI BINTI MAHADI 2022896084
5. AUFA YUSRINA BINTI MD YUSRI 2022451452

PREPARED FOR:
DR. MOHD AZRY BIN ABDUL MALIK

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE
Acknowledgement
Group members
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives of Study
1.4 Significance of Study
2.0 Methodology
2.1 Description of Data
2.2 Method of Analysis
3.0 Data Analysis
3.1 Descriptive Statistics
4.0 Conclusion

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before anything else, we would want to thank Allah SWT and the Prophet Muhammad
SAW for the blessing. We would like to take this chance and express our sincere gratitude
to Allah SWT for granting us enough strength and perseverance to accomplish our
assignment. This opportunity offers us many valuable benefits and encourages us to excel
in our task. Additionally, we spent an enormous amount of time and effort analyzing
concepts and justifying theoretical signals to direct the production, but in the end, it was all
worth it work.

In addition, we appreciate our lecturer, Sir Mohd Azry, for giving us the opportunity to
finish our group assignments on time. To finish our group assignment, it took the
cooperation and efforts of all of our group members. We want to thank Sir Mohd Azry, our
lecturer. He had given us his undivided attention from the start of the assignment until it
was finished. He had to explain to us how we could complete the assignment and give us
his opinions and suggestions. In order for us to complete the assignment before the due
date, he often reminds us during class.

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 GROUP MEMBERS

NAME : NUR IMANINA BINTI HANAPI

NO MATRIC : 2022487812

NAME : CHE ADIRA BINTI ANUAR

NO MATRIC: 2022486978

NAME: IRDINA ILYA BINTI ISMARADIN

NO MATRIC : 2022644702

NAME : HUDA ARDINI BINTI MAHADI

NO MATRIC: 2022896084

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NAME : AUFA YUSRINA BINTI MD YUSRI
NO MATRIC : 2022451452

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1.0 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Procrastination Among the Students in UITM Machang has been chosen as a title to be discussed in our
group assignment. Procrastination is the act of unnecessarily postponing decisions or actions. For example,
a student who wastes hours browsing social media before they finally manage to get started on a homework
assignment. According to a website of The University of Kansas, reasons of procrastination are fear and
anxiety – we may be overwhelmed with the task and afraid of getting a failing grade. Next, negative beliefs
– self-talk such as “I can’t do anything right” may influence to not do the work.

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1.2 Problem Statement

As human beings, we would have a lot of things or work to do to assure an efficient life. We must try to
ensure that we are spared from all the negative things so that we can guarantee a brighter future.
Procrastination is one of the huge problems that everyone needs to face, especially among the students. It is
a problem as it can sabotage our goal and it can also lead to a poor decision. This problem can be avoided
by eliminating every distraction, setting small goals and organizing tasks.

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1.3 Objectives of Study

All of the objectives are listed below:

1. To study the demographic profile of respondents
2. To study the cause of procrastination
3. To determine the majority/minority of students who procrastinate in doing assignment.
4. To learn the effects of procrastination on student’s academic
5. To study the ways to overcome procrastination

1.4 Significance of Study

Students' lives are filled with assignments and group projects. Because of the numerous duties assigned to them by
their instructor, they are extremely busy and stressed. That is one of the reasons they put off doing their homework.
Procrastination is something that we should avoid doing. Many students had difficulty studying because they
procrastinated in completing tasks. Students delay their tasks for a variety of reasons.

Furthermore, students must learn the consequences of procrastination on their academic performance so that they do
not repeat it. Finally, students must research techniques to combat procrastination because failing to do so might have
a negative impact on both academic and mental performance.

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 METHODOLOGY

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF DATA

a) Population
Population refers to the total group of individuals about whom they want to make conclusions or collect
data. A population in research not only collects an enormous collection of individuals but whatever you
desire to study. For hings,measurements,nations,species and a wide range of other things. In our collection
of study, the population we studied included all UiTM Machang students in UITM Machang ,Kelantan.
The total of students is 8000 out of all UITM Machang students.

b) Sample
A sample represents a portion of the entire population selected for study and the specific group that you
obtain for collect data .66 students from UiTM Machang students' procrastination Among the students the
sample for study based on what the cause of procrastination in doing assignment and other related with it
for our sample of our study.
• Sampling Teachnique:
The phrase "sampling technique" refers to the sampling procedure that can be accomplished by choosing a
sample that is representative of the population. The random sampling technique, together with the two
different types of sampling procedures.
In the present research, we used simple random sampling. This is due to procrastination among UiTM
students wasting hours browsing social media and, which is frequent. This teaching method involves
choosing a sample at random from a sampling frame so that each person, according to their spending
habits, has an equal chance of being selected as a sample. In order to survey UiTM Machang students about
their individual spending habits, 66 of them were chosen as a sample.

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 SAMPLE

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

To analyze all the data in this study we used the primary data method as a way
to collect data through an online questionnaire survey. Primary data is appropriate for
gathering and obtaining all of the information for this survey. Therefore, an online
survey has been utilized to gather information from diploma students in business
studies part 2. A few questions addressing Online vs face to face among UITM
students are prepared using a google form.
Besides quick analyzing, online surveys can be faster. The time span
needed to complete surveys online is on average two-thirds shorter than that of
traditional research methods.

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 TABLE 1: Description of Variables
Question Variables Types of Variables Measurement Scale
Q1 Gender Qualitative Nominal scale
Q2 Faculty of Qualitative Nominal scale
Q3 Do you procrastinate? Qualitative Ordinal scale
Q4 Main cause of Qualitative Ordinal scale
procrastination?
Q5 Time taken to complete Quantitative Ratio scale
an assignment?
Q6 Does procrastination Qualitative Ordinal scale
effects your academics?
Q7 How do you overcome Qualitative Ordinal scale
procrastination?

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2.0 Method of Analysis
Analysis method of Qualitative data

1) Frequency distribution
Making a frequency table is the first step in sketching a frequency distribution.
A frequency table is a basic table that collects and organizes data into simple
groupings and categories. A frequency table is made up of columns and rows. Put
categorical data in a column. A class is a classification scheme for qualitative data. A
score's frequency is calculated by counting the number of times it appears in the data
collection. The number of observations that fall into a specific category is known as
class frequency.

2) Bar chart
A bar chart, also known as a bar graph, contains rectangular bars with lengths
proportional to the value they represent. Bar charts are used to compare two or more
values. The bars can be oriented either horizontally or vertically. A bar chart can be
used to depict any level of measurement.

3) Pie chart
A pie chart (circle graph) is a graph split into sectors that displays relative
magnitudes, frequencies, or percentages. The sectors display the proportion of
components in each group or category. Each sector's arc length in a pie chart is
proportionate to the quantity it depicts. Although the pie chart is likely the most used
statistics graphic in business and the media, it is rarely utilised in scientific or
technical publications. Pie charts may be an efficient means of showing information in
various instances.

Analysis method of Quatitative data

1) Frequency distribution
The first step in drawing a frequency distribution is to create a frequency
table. A frequency table is a straightforward table that gathers and arranges
information into straightforward groupings and categories. Columns and rows make
up a frequency table. Columnize categorical data. A class is a way to categorise
qualitative data. A score's frequency is determined by counting how frequently it

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appears in the data set. Class frequency is the proportion of observations that fall into
a given category.

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 2) Histogram
3)

Frequency data are graphically represented by a histogram. It displays the proportion of cases
that fit into certain categories. A summary graph called a histogram shows how many data points fall into
different ranges. Class frequencies and class boundaries are combined to form the histogram. The area of
the bar is represented by the frequency. Histograms are helpful data summaries that convey both the
symmetry and general form of the frequency distribution.

4) Frequency polygon
Frequency polygons are a graphical tool for analyzing distribution shapes.
They serve the same purpose as histograms but are particularly useful for comparing
data sets. Cumulative frequency can also be shown using frequency polygons.
5) Ogive
An ogive or cumulative frequency curve can be built in two ways. There are
two types of ogives: 'less than' ogive and 'more than' ogive. The curve is usually
shaped like an 'S'. The neiye 'less than' is falling to the right. The ogive 'more than'
rises to the right.
6) Measures of central tendency (mean,median,mode)
A central tendency is a single value in the middle of a data set that can be used
to summarise the entire data set. The average, median, and mode are three diverse
types of measures of tendency.
a) Mean (x̅)
The mean (average) of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set
and then dividing by the number of values in the set. For group data, each class
interval is represented by the mid-point of the interval Xi.

b) Median (x̃)
The median is the middle value when a data set is ordered from least to
greatest. To find the median for grouped data, create a column for the cumulative
frequency and determine the position of median in the distribution. he median is
calculated as follows

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 c) Mode (x)
The mode is the number that occurs most often in a data set. For grouped
frequency distribution with continuous variables, the mode can be estimated by using
ahistogram and formula.

7) Measures of dispersion (variance and standard deviation)

a) Variance
Variance for a sample of n measurements is the sum of the squared distance of
the measurement from the mean divided by (n-1). s² is used to represent it.

b) Standard deviation

8) Shape of distribution
Each point in a data set is arranged to produce one of dozens of different
shapes when it is graphed. The shape of distribution can provide a visual
representation of how the data is spread out.

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3.0 DATA ANALYSIS

3.1 Descriptive Statistics

1. Gender

Figure 3.1
Based on figure 3.1 which shows the gender of UiTM student BA111 PART2. Most of
the correspondents are female, which is 53 (80.3%), and the rest are male, which is 13
(19.7%).

Gender Male Female

Number of students 13 53

Percentage (%)
19.7% 80.3%

Degrees 70.92 289.08

2. Faculty
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 Figure 3.2

68.2% of 45 students are from the faculty of Business and Management. While 8 students who
filled in the survey are from the faculty of Accountancy. Next, 4 students, that is 6.1% are
from the faculty of Computer and Mathematics including the 4 students from Information
Management which also make up 6.1%. Compared to others, 4.5% from Administrative
Science and Policy Studies. Lastly, there is 3.0% of students equal to 2 from College of
Creative Arts.

Gender Computer Administrative Accountancy College of Information Business and

and Science and Creative Management Management
Mathematics Policy Studies Arts

Number of 4 3 8 2 4 45
students

Percentage
(%) 4 3
× 100 =4.5%
8
×
2
×
4
×
45
×
× 100 = 66 66 66 66 66
66 100 =12.1% 100 =3.0% 100 =6.1% 100 =68.2%
6.1%
6.1 4.5 12.1 3 6.1 68.2
Degrees × × 360 =16.2 × × × ×
100 100 100 100 100 100
360 =21.96 360 =43.56 360 =10.8 360 =21.96 360 =245.52

3. Do you procrastinate?

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 Figure 3.3

Most students chose the answer Yes showing that they procrastinate when doing assignments. The majority number
for the Yes anwer is 59. While for the answer No only 7 students chose it to prove that they did not procrastinate
while doing assignments or meeting any due date line.

4. Main Cause of Procrastination

Figure 3.4

28 students responded that the main cause of their procrastination was a "distraction". Eleven students, on the other
hand, chose the "feeling overwhelmed with a lot of tasks" option because that was the cause of procrastination. Next,
10 students chose “trouble concentrating” as their main cause. The other eight students selected "low self-
confidence" and “problematic environment.”

5. Time taken to complete an assignment

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 Figure 3.5

Times (Hours) Class Midpoint Class Boundary Frequency Cumulative

Frequency
1-2 1.5 1-2 7 7
3-4 3.5 3-4 29 36
5-6 5.5 5-6 20 56
7-8 7.5 7-8 10 66

Mean:

(7×1.5)+(29×3.5)+(20×5.5)+(10×7.5)
66
=

10.5 + 101.5 + 110 + 75

=
66
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297
= 4.5
66

Median:

66
( 2 − 7)
2.5 + ×2 =
29

(2.5 + 0.8966) × 2 = 6.7932

Mode:

22
7+( )×2 =
22 + 9

(7 + 0.7097) × 2 =15.4194

Midpoint Frequency fx fx2

Variance:
Sd:

Shape of distribution

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4.0: CONCLUSION

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