Contoh Soal

Example: Rectification of a Benzene – Toluene Mixture
A liquid mixture of benzene - Toluene is to be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101,3 kPa

pressure. The feed of 100 kmol/h is liquid and it contains 45% mol benzene and 55 mol %
toluene and enter at 327,6 K (1300F). A distilled containing 95% mol benzene and 5 mol %
toluene and a bottom containing 10 % mol benzene and 90 mol % toluene. The reflux ratio
is 4: 1. The avarage heat capacity of the feed is 159 kJ/kg mol.K (38 Btu/lbmol . 0F) and the
avarage latent heat 32,099 kJ/kgmol (13,800 Btu/lbmol). Equilibrium data for this system
are given in tabel 9.1-1 and in Fig. 9.1-1. Calculate the kg moles per hour distillate, kg moles
per hour bottoms. And the number of theoritical trays needed. (Geankoplis 482-483).
Solution: Metode Mc Cabe – Thiele
Kondenser
R =4:1
Distilat = D
Benzena = 95%
Feed = F
Kolom Toluena = 5%
distilasi
F = 100 kmol/jam
Benzena = 45%
Toluena = 55%
Bottom = W
Reboiler
Benzena = 10%
Toluena = 90%
Neraca Massa Total: == F = D + W  100 = D + W ----1)

W = 100 - D
Neraca Massa Komponen: F.Xf = D.Xd + W.Xw
Benzena = F.0,45 = D.0,95 + W.0,1 ----------2)
Toluena = F.0,55 = D.0,05 + W.0,9 ----------3)
dari pers 2) == (100)(0,45) = 0,95 D + (100 – D) (0,1)
D = 41,2 kmol/jam
W = 100 – D = 100 – 41,2
= 58,8 kmol/jam
Ratio Refluks === R = Ln/D = 4
Untuk garis operasi rektifikasi:
R 1
Yn+1 = Xn+ XD
R +1 R+1
4 0,95
Yn+1 = Xn+
4+ 1 4 +1
Kurva kesetimbangan (X – Y) dan garis operasi rektifikasi digambarkan dalam satu gambar
(lihat gambar)
Perhitungan harga q line Y = 0,8 Xn + 0,190
HV −HF
q=
HV −HL
HV – HL = ∆ H = λ = panas laten penguapan = 32,099 kJ/kmol

HV – HF = (HV – HL) + (HL – HF)
HL - HF = Cp (Td – Tf)
Td = titik didih umpan yaitu titik didih campuran, pada Xf = 0,45.
Dari tabel == Td = 366,7K = 93,5 0C ; Tf = suhu umpan
komposisi vapor dan liquid dalam kesetimbangan pada 95 0C (368,2 K). Untuk benzena-
toluen dengan menggunakan tabel tekanan-vapor pada 101,32 kPA (1 atm)
Temperatur Tekanan uap Mol fraction

K (0 C) Benzena Toluena XA YA
(PA) (PB)
353,3 80 101.32 - 1 1
358,2 85 116,9 46 0,780 0,899
363,2 90 134,5 54 0,587 0,779
366,7 93,5 0,45
368,2 95 155,7 63,3 0,4111 0,632
373,2 100 179,2 74,3 0,257 0,454
378,2 105 204,2 86 0,129 0,259
383,8 110,6 240 101,32 0 0
Cp = 159 kJ/mol.K ===kapasitas panas campuran

Sehingga :
HV −HF HV −HL+Cp(Td−Tf )
q= =
HV −HL HV −HL
32.099+ 159(366,7−327,6)
=
32.099
= 1,195 == cold liquid (cairan dingin)
q 1,195
Arah lereng garis q adalah :
q−1
= 1,195−1
=6,12
Garis q digambar dari titik XF dan dengan arah lereng 6,12. Garis operasi untuk seksi
stripping dibuat dengan menarik garis dari titik Y = X = Xw ke titik potong garis q dengan
garis operasi rektifikai
Keterangan :
1. Membuat kurva kesetimbangan berdasarkan data dalam tabel

2. Menetapkan XD = 0,95
3. Membuat garis operasi rektifikasi dari titik (0,95 ; 0,95) dengan arah lereng 0,8
(memotong ordinat (intercept) Y = 0,190)
4. Garis q dibuat melalui (0,45 ; 0,45) dengan arah lereng 6,12 memotong garis
operasi rektifikasi
5. Garis operasi seksi stripping dibuat dari titik (0,1 ;0,1) memotong perpotongan garis
q dan garis rektifikasi
q/(q-1) = 6,12
∆Y/∆X = 6,12
tgn α = 6,12
α = tgn-1 6,12 = 80,7 0
6. Anak tangga dibuat mulai dari titik (0,95 ; 0,95) antara garis operasi dan garis
kesetimbangan sampai melangkahi titik (0,1 ; 0,1) sepanjang garis operasi rektifikasi
lalu bersambung sepanjang garis operasi stripping.
7. Jumlah tahap = jumlah anak tangga = 7,6 dikurangi 1 tahap pada reboiler
8. Jumlah tahap teoritis 6,6
9. Umpan masuk pada tahap ke 5 dari atas
Example 2. Minimum Reflux ratio and total reflux in rectification

For the rectification in example 1, where a benzene-toluene feed is being distilled to give a
distilatte composition of XD = 0,95 and a bottom composition of XW = 0,10, calculate the
following
a) Minimum reflux ratio, Rm

b) Minimum number of theoritical plate total reflux
Penyelesaian:
Rm XD −Y ’ 0,95 – 0,712
= = =0,54
Rm +1 XD−X ’ 0,95−0,49
Rm = 0,54 (Rm + 1)
Rm = 0,54 Rm + 0,54
Rm – 0,54 Rm = 0,54
0,456 Rm = 0,54
Rm = 1,17
Gambar 2. Grafik rasio refluk minimum Rm, dan total refluk
Dari grafik diperoleh jumlah tahapan minimum teoritis n = 5,8 dimana jumlah tray teoritis
4,8 dan 1 buah reboiler.
Example 3 Number of trays in Stripping Tower

A liquid feed at the boiling point of 400 kg mol/h containing 70 mol % benzene (A) and 30
mol % toluene (B) is fed to a stripping tower at 101,3 kPa pressure. The bottoms product
flow is to be 60 kg mol/h containing only 10m0l % A and rest B. Calculate the kg mol/h
overhead vapor, its composition and the number of theoritical steps required.
Penyelesaian
Neraca Total = F = W + VD
400 = 60 + VD
VD = 340 kg/jam
Neraca komponen (A) =
F. Xf = W.Xw + VD.Yd
400 (0,7) = 60 (0,1) + 340 (Yd)
Yd = 0,806
Untuk cairan jenuh pada titik didih q line = 1 garis lurus dengan XF = 0,7. Garis operasi
diplot dari Xw = 0,1 dan intersep Yd =0,806. Sebagai alternativ untuk menghitung slop dapat
menggunakan persamaan :
Lm W Xw
Yn = Xm +
Vm+1 Vm +1
Lm
Dimana : = 400/340
Vm+1
Dari gambar 3, Tray teoritis n = 5,3 atau n = 4,3 di tambah 1 buah reboiler
Gambar 3. Menara Stripping
JENIS TRAY
1. BUBBLE CUP TRAYS
2. SIEVE TRAYS
3. VALVE TRAYS
SOAL: untuk no urut absen 1
A liquid mixture of benzene - Toluene is to be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101,3 kPa

pressure. The feed of 120 kmol/h is liquid and it contains 47% mol benzene and 53 mol %
toluene and enter at 327,6 K (1300F). A distilled containing 90% mol benzene and 10 mol %
toluene and a bottom containing 15 % mol benzene and 85mol % toluene. The reflux ratio is
3: 1. The avarage heat capacity of the feed is 159 kJ/kg mol.K (38 Btu/lbmol . 0F) and the
avarage latent heat 32,099 kJ/kgmol (13,800 Btu/lbmol). Equilibrium data for this system
are given in tabel 9.1-1 and in Fig. 9.1-1. Calculate the kg moles per hour distillate, kg moles
per hour bottoms. And the number of theoritical trays needed.
Untuk soal no 2 dst dirubah
2. F = 48% Benzene 52 % toluene , D = 91% Benzene, 9 % toluena, B = 16 % benzena, 84 % toluen


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Example: Rectification of a Benzene – Toluene Mixture

A liquid mixture of benzene - Toluene is to be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101,3 kPa

Solution: Metode Mc Cabe – Thiele

Neraca Massa Total: == F = D + W  100 = D + W ----1)

Untuk garis operasi rektifikasi:

Perhitungan harga q line Y = 0,8 Xn + 0,190

HV – HL = ∆ H = λ = panas laten penguapan = 32,099 kJ/kmol

Temperatur Tekanan uap Mol fraction

Cp = 159 kJ/mol.K ===kapasitas panas campuran

= 1,195 == cold liquid (cairan dingin)

1. Membuat kurva kesetimbangan berdasarkan data dalam tabel

Example 2. Minimum Reflux ratio and total reflux in rectification

a) Minimum reflux ratio, Rm

Example 3 Number of trays in Stripping Tower

Gambar 3. Menara Stripping

A liquid mixture of benzene - Toluene is to be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101,3 kPa

Untuk soal no 2 dst dirubah

2. F = 48% Benzene 52 % toluene , D = 91% Benzene, 9 % toluena, B = 16 % benzena, 84 % toluen

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