PYTHON | Learning for Beginners

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfscVS0vtbw (Pycharm + Python)

Índice
Variáveis, Tipos de Data e Printing............................................................................2
Input, Operations e Conversions................................................................................3
Variáveis, Tipos de Data e Printing
(A) Printing:
Barra superior – Run – Run... or press play button.
Print: escrever alguma coisa
print("Hello my name is " + character_name + " and I am " +
character_age + " years old,")
Strings: “Ricardo”
Numbers: 50.743984
Values: True/False
character_name = "Ricardo"
character_age = 50.985483
isMale = True

(B) Variáveis:
Python
x = 5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)
Nomes
character_name = "George"
character_age = "70"
Multiplas
x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Output
x = "Python "
y = "is "
z = "awesome"
print(x + y + z)
Globais
x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

(C) Tipos de Data:

Input, Operações e Conversões

Getting input from a user:

name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = input("Enter your age: ")
print("Hello " + name + "! You are " + age)
Results:
Enter your name: Ricardo
Enter your age: 20
Hello Ricardo! You are 20

Operations

- Exemplo: my_num = 5
print(3 * (5 + 8))
10 a dividir por 3, o que sobra 1 (3+3+3=9)
print(10 % 3)
Variável
my_num = 5
print(my_num)
Print a number next to a string
print(str(my_num) + " my favourite number.")
|-5|= 5
print(abs(my_num))

Expoente (4 elevado a 6 = 4096)

print(pow(4, 6))
Máximo(32)/Mínimo(4)
print(max(4, 32))
print(min(4, 32))
Arredondamentos
print(round(3.7))
Usar mais expressões
from math import *
Arredondar para baixo sempre/Arredondar para cima sempre
print(floor(3.7))
print(ceil(3.7))
Raiz quadrada
print(sqrt(36))
Working with strings:
- Exemplo: Giraffe Academy
Parágrafo:
print("Giraffe\nAcademy")
Frases:
phrase = "Giraffe Academy"
print(phrase + " is cool!")
Maiúsculas/Minúsculas:
print(phrase.lower())
print(phrase.upper())
print(phrase.upper().isupper())
Length of the string:
print(len(phrase))
Letra 0: G – 01234567 8 910111213141516
print(phrase[0])
Encontrar palavras/letras:
print(phrase.index("Academy"))
Substituir palavras:
print(phrase.replace("Giraffe", "Elephant"))

Basic Calculator:
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
num2 = input("Enter another number: ")
result = int(num1) + int(num2)

print (result)
int (apenas para números naturais)
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
num2 = input("Enter another number: ")
result = float(num1) + float(num2)

print (result)
float (pode ter décimas)

Mad libs game:

{} = shif + alt + 8/9
color = input("Enter a color: ")
Plural_Noun = input("Enter a plural noun: ")
Celebrity = input("Enter a celebrity: ")

print("Roses are " + color)

print(Plural_Noun + " is blue")
print("I love " + Celebrity)
Results:
Enter a color: Green
Enter a plural noun: Sporting
Enter a celebrity: Bruno de Carvalho
Roses are Green
Sporting is blue
I love Bruno de Carvalho
Lists:
[] to store a bunch of values
friends = ["Rui", "Maria", "Bernardo"]
 0 1 2 (Indexs)
friends = ["Rui", "Maria", "Bernardo"]
-3 -2 -1
print(friends [2])
print(friends [0:])
['Rui', 'Maria', 'Bernardo', 'Tiago', 'Dinis']
print(friends [0:3])
['Rui', 'Maria', 'Bernardo']
friends[1] = "Rui"
['Rui', 'Rui', 'Bernardo']

List Functions:
friends = ["Rui", "Maria", "Bernardo", "Tiago", "Dinis"]
lucky_numbers = [2, 4, 65, 34, 76, 86, 53]
friends.extend(lucky_numbers)
print(friends [0:])
['Rui', 'Maria', 'Bernardo', 'Tiago', 'Dinis', 2, 4, 65, 34, 76, 86, 53]
Adicionar um elemento à lista
friends.append("João")
Inserir um elemento num determinado lugar da lista
friends.insert(1, "João")
Remover elemento da lista
friends.remove("Maria")
Remover todos os elementos da lista
friends.clear()
Remove o último elemento da lista
friends.pop()
Verificar se determinado elemento pertence à lista
print(friends.index("Maria"))
Contar quantos elementos iguais existem na lista
print(friends.count("Maria"))
Ordenar por ordem alfabética
friends.sort()
Reverter
lucky_numbers.reverse()
Copiar uma lista
friends2 = friends.copy()

Tuples:
coordinates = (4, 8)
print(coordinates [1])
coordinates = [(4, 8), (4, 8), (49, 38)]

Funções:
def sayhi():
print("Hello User")
Calling the function:
sayhi()

- Examples:
def sayhi(name, age):
print("Hello User " + name + ", you are " + age)

sayhi("Ricardo", "35")
sayhi("João", "65")
sayhi("Steve", "43")
ou
def sayhi(name, age):
print("Hello User " + name + ", you are " + str(age))

sayhi("Ricardo", 35)
sayhi("João", 65)
sayhi("Steve", 43)

Return Statement:
def cube(num):
return num*num*num

print(cube(4))
Result: 64
Ou
def cube(num):
return num*num*num

result = (cube(4))
print(result)

If Statements:
 1. One statement can be True or False.
is_male = True

if is_male:
print("You are a male")
Result: You are a male.
is_male = False

if is_male:
print("You are a male")
Result: none
2. Otherwise.
is_male = True

if is_male:
print("You are a male")
else:
print("You are not a male")
Result: You are a male.
is_male = False

if is_male:
print("You are a male")
else:
print("You are not a male")
Result: You are not a male.
3. Or
is_male = True
is_tall = True

if is_male or is_tall:
print("You are a male or tall or both")
else:
print("You neither male nor tall")
Result: You are a male or tall or both
is_male = False
is_tall = False

if is_male or is_tall:
print("You are a male or tall or both")
else:
print("You neither male nor tall")
Result: You neither male nor tall
4. And
is_male = True
is_tall = True

if is_male and is_tall:

print("You are a tall male")
else:
print("You are either not male or not tall or both")
Result: You are a tall made

5. Elif command and Not command

is_male = True
is_tall = False
if is_male and is_tall:
print("You are a tall male")
elif is_male and not(is_tall):
print("You are a short male")
elif not(is_male) and is_tall:
print("You are not male but you are tall")
else:
print("You are either not male or not tall")
Result: You are a short male.
is_male = False
is_tall = True

if is_male and is_tall:

print("You are a tall male")
elif is_male and not(is_tall):
print("You are a short male")
elif not(is_male) and is_tall:
print("You are not male but you are tall")
else:
print("You are either not male or not tall")
Result: You are not male, but you are tall.

If statements & comparisons:

def max_num(num1, num2, num3):
if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3:
return num1
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3:
return num2
else:
return num3

print(max_num(80, 45, 5))

Result: 80
Comparison operators: == or >= or <= or != (inequal) or < or > .

Building a better Calculator:

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
op = input("Enter operator: ")
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if op == "+":
print(num1 + num2)
elif op == "-":
print(num1 - num2)
elif op == "/":
print(num1 / num2)
elif op == "*":
print(num1 * num2)
else:
print("Invalid operator")
Result: 705
Enter first number: 23.5
Enter operator: *
Enter second number: 30
Dictionary
monthConversions = {
"Jan": "January",
"Feb": "February",
 "Mar": "March",
"Apr": "April",
"May": "May",
"Jun": "June",
"Jul": "July",
}

print(monthConversions["Feb"])
Result: February
Or
monthConversions = {
"Jan": "January",
"Feb": "February",
"Mar": "March",
"Apr": "April",
"May": "May",
"Jun": "June",
"Jul": "July",
}

print(monthConversions.get("Feb"))

While Loop
i = 1
while i <= 10:
print(i)
i += 1

print("Done with loop")

Result:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Done with loop

Building guessing game:

secret_word = "giraffe"
guess = ""
guess_count = 0
guess_limit = 3
out_of_guesses = False

while guess != secret_word and not(out_of_guesses):

if guess_count < guess_limit:
guess = input("Enter guess: ")
guess_count += 1
else:
out_of_guesses = True

if out_of_guesses:
print("Out of guesses, YOU LOSE!")
else:
print ("You win!")

For Loops:
Por cada letra numa palavra:
for letter in "Giraffe Academy":
print(letter)
Result: G I R A F F E A C A D E M Y
Ou
friends = ["Rui", "Maria", "Bernardo"]
for names in friends:
print(names)
Result: Rui Maria Bernardo

Lista de números até 10:

for index in range(10):
print(index)
Result: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ou
for index in range(3, 10):
print(index)
Result: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ou
for index in range(len(friends)):
print(friends[index])
Result: Rui, Maria, João
Ou
for index in range(5):
if index == 0:
print("First Iteration")
else:
print("Not first")
Result: First Iteration, Not first, Not first, Not first, Not first

Exponent Functions:
print(2**3)
Result: 2*2*2 = 8

Base/Expoente
def raise_to_power(base_num, pow_num):
result = 1
for index in range(pow_num):
result = result * base_num
return result

print(raise_to_power(2, 3))
Result: 8

2D & Nested Loops:

2D
number_grid = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
 [5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 0]
]
print(number_grid[0][3])
Result: 4
Nested Loops
number_grid = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 0]
]

for row in number_grid:

print(row)
Result:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[5, 6, 7, 8]
[9, 0]
for row in number_grid:
for col in row:
print(col)
Result: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Build a Translator:
def translate(phrase):
translation = ""
for letter in phrase:
if letter in "AEIOUaeiou":
translation = translation + "g"
else:
translation = translation + letter
return translation

print(translate(input("Enter a phrase: ")))

Result: dog = dgg
Ou
def translate(phrase):
translation = ""
for letter in phrase:
if letter.lower() in "aeiou":
if letter.isupper():
translation = translation + "G"
else:
translation = translation + "g"
else:
translation = translation + letter
return translation

print(translate(input("Enter a phrase: ")))

Result: Dog = Dgg
Comments
print("Comments are fun")
# This prints out a string
Ou
""""
bhfnjedhrfnjed
fnjekdm
frnemdri
"""

Try Except
try:
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number)
except:
print("Invalid Input")

try:
value = 10 / 0
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Divided by zero")
except ValueError:
print(("invalid input"))
Result: divided by zero.
Print the error
try:
answer = 10/0
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number)
except ZeroDivisionError as err:
print(err)
except ValueError:
print(("invalid input"))

Read Files
Read
open("employees", "r")
Write
open("employees", "w")
Edit information
open("employees", "a")
Read and write
open("employees", "r+")
Read files
employee_file = open("employees", "r")

print(employee_file.readable())

employee_file.close()
Result: True
employee_file = open("employees", "r")

print(employee_file.read())

employee_file.close()
Result: Jim - Salesman
Dwight - Salesman
Pan – Receptionist
Read Lines:
employee_file = open("employees", "r")

print(employee_file.readline())
print(employee_file.readline())

employee_file.close()
Result: Jim - Salesman
Dwight - Salesman
Ou
print(employee_file.readlines())
Result: ['Jim - Salesman\n', 'Dwight - Salesman\n', 'Pan - Receptionist']
Ou
print(employee_file.readlines()[1])
Result: Jim – Salesman
Ou
employee_file = open("employees", "r")
for employee in employee_file.readlines():
print(employee)
employee_file.close()
Result: Result: Jim - Salesman
Dwight - Salesman
Pan – Receptionist
Writing to Files:
Write
employee_file = open("employees", "a")

employee_file.write("Ricardo - Boss")

employee_file.close()
Adicionar parágrafo:
employee_file = open("employees", "a")

employee_file.write("\nKelly - Striper")

employee_file.close()
Overwriting
employee_file = open("employees", "w")

employee_file.write("\nKelly - Striper")

employee_file.close()
Criar um novo ficheiro:
employee_file = open("employees1", "w")

employee_file.write("\nKelly - Striper")

employee_file.close()
Ou
employee_file = open("index.html", "w")

employee_file.write("<p>This is HTML</>")

employee_file.close()

Modules and Pipes:

 BEAUTIFUL SOUP 4 | Learning for Beginners
From bs4 import BeautifulSoup