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DEPARTMENT
POLITICAL SCIENCE

Assignment
Submitted By: Ikram Ullah
Subject: Computer Science
Class No: 220604
Section: B
Submitted To: Sir Naveed Ahmad
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ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:
Q. No 1 What is data and information?

Q. No 2 What is the difference between computer and information

technology?

Q. No 3: What is software? Write down about application software

and system software.

Q. No 4: In which category of software we divide Microsoft Office?

Contents
Question No.1 ................................................................................................................................ 3
Data: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Information: .............................................................................................................................. 4
Question No: -2 .............................................................................................................................. 5
Computer science ...................................................................................................................... 5
Information technology: ........................................................................................................... 5
Question No: - 3 ............................................................................................................................. 8
System Software: - ................................................................................................................ 8
Application Software: -............................................................................................................. 9
Question No: - 4 ........................................................................................................................... 10
Microsoft Office: - ................................................................................................................... 10
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ANSWERS

Question No.1
Answer: - Data and Information:
Data and information are two of the most important concepts in computer study. They are essential
for the development of software, hardware, and networking technologies. Data and information
are two closely related concepts which are following;

Data:
Data is a plural form of the Latin Word Datum. The collection of fact a Figure is called Data OR
anything in raw form. Data cannot be used for decision making or action taking. Data can be
anything that can be represented in a digital format, such as numbers, text, images, or audio. It can
be stored in a variety of ways, such as on hard drives, CDs, or DVDs.

e.g. Name, Address, Number, Phone Number, Roll No etc.

Types of Data:

There are different types of data

1. Alphabetic data type:-It consist letter from A-Z, capital or from a-z small letter, e.g.
Ikram, Peshawar, Pakistan, Khan.
2. Numeric datatype: - It consist of digit from 0-9 e.g. 123, 567 etc.
3. Alphanumeric data type: - It consist alphabetic letter as well as numeric digit. Street no
A/10 etc.
4. Graphic data: - It consists tables, charts, graphics and statements
5. Audio data: - It consists only sounds. For example, radio news.
6. Video data: - It consists photos, image .and moving picture. Such as TV news.
7. Mixed data: - It consists more than one type of data. Such as the combination of audio
and video.
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Examples of Data: -
Temperature readings: A collection of numbers indicating the temperature at different times of
the day.
Stock prices: Raw numerical values representing the prices of various stocks in a given market.
Fitness tracker data: Raw data collected by a fitness tracker, such as steps taken, heart rate, and
sleep duration.

Information:
To organize the Data meaningful form upon which people can take necessary decision is
called Information, e.g. 2,1,5.4 when sorted it become 1,2,4,5 which is information. Information
is data that has been processed and organized in a way that makes it meaningful. It can be used to
make decisions, solve problems, or simply to learn more about the world. Examples are voucher,
bills, fee registration cards or library

cards.

Information can take various forms, such as text, images, audio, video, or a combination
of these. It can represent a wide range of content, including documents, multimedia files,
transaction records, user profiles, system logs, and much more.

Types of Information:

1. Textual Information: This includes any form of written or typed text, such as
documents, articles, emails, code files, or chat logs.
2. Numeric Information: Numeric information consists of numerical data used for
calculations, measurements, or statistical analysis. It can include numbers,
mathematical formulas, or quantitative measurements.
3. Multimedia Information: Multimedia information encompasses different forms of
media content, including images, graphics, audio files, videos, and animations.
4. Network Information: Network information pertains to data related to network
communication, such as IP addresses, domain names, protocols, routing information,
or network configurations.
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5. System Information: System information includes details about computer systems or

software configurations, such as hardware specifications, operating system version,
installed software, or system logs.

Examples of Information:

Weather forecast: Processed data such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed, presented in a
forecast format to provide information about the expected weather conditions.

Financial report: Analyzed data from a company's financial records, presented in the form of a
report to provide information on revenue, expenses, and profitability.

Health assessment: Interpreted data from medical tests and examinations, presented as a diagnosis
or health status to provide information about a person's well-being.

Question No: -2
Answer: - Computer and information technology are two closely related fields, but they have
distinct differences.

Computer science:

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems. It

encompasses the theory, design, development, and application of computer hardware and
software. Computer scientists use mathematics, algorithms, and logic to solve problems.

Information technology:

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and
manipulate data. IT professionals install, maintain, and troubleshoot computer systems,
networks, and software. They also develop and implement IT solutions to meet the needs
of businesses and organizations.
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Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between computer science and information
technology:

Characteristic Computer Science Information Technology

Focus Theory, design, Use of computers to store,

development, and retrieve, transmit, and
application of computer manipulate data
hardware and software

Problems Mathematical, logical, Business and

solved and algorithmic organizational problems
problems

Skills Programming, System administration,

mathematics, logic, network administration,
algorithms, data security, database
structures, software administration, software
engineering development

Here are some examples of how computer science and information technology are used in
the real world:
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• Computer scientists developed the programming languages and software that are
used to create websites, mobile apps, and other software applications.
• IT professionals install and maintain the computer networks that businesses use to
communicate with each other and with their customers.

• Security analysts use computer science and information technology to protect

businesses from cyber-attacks.
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Question No: - 3
Answer: - Software: -

Software is a collection of instructions that tells a computer what to do. It is a set of

programs, routines, and data that enables the computer to perform a specific task.

Software is an essential part of any computer system. It allows users to perform tasks, play
games, and create new things. The software industry is a major economic force, and software
development is a growing career field.

Software is often divided into two main categories.

System Software: -

Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. For example, word
processors, spreadsheets, and web browsers are all application software.
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• System software is typically written in low-level languages, such as assembly language.

These languages are designed to be efficient and to give the programmer direct control over
the computer's hardware.
• System software is typically pre-installed on the computer by the manufacturer.
• System software is typically included with the computer when it is purchased.
• System software is typically updated by the software vendor.
• System software is typically used by all users of the computer.
• System software is typically designed to be used with a variety of different applications.
• System software is typically used to manage the computer's hardware and resources.
• System software is an essential part of any computer system and it allows the computer to
function properly.

Application Software: -

System software is responsible for managing the computer's hardware and resources. It
includes the operating system, device drivers, and other utilities.

• Application software is typically written in high-level languages, such as C++, Java,

and Python. These languages are designed to be easy for humans to read and write, and
they are compiled into machine code that can be executed by the computer's processor.
• Application software is typically installed on the user's computer.
• Application software is typically sold or licensed to users.
• Application software can be updated by the user or by the software vendor.
• Application software can be used by one or more users.
• Application software is typically designed for a specific purpose.
• Application software can be used to create new things, such as documents,
spreadsheets, and presentations.
• Application software is a valuable tool that can help users to be more productive and
to achieve their goals.
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The operating system is the most important piece of system software. It provides a platform for
application software to run on and manages the computer's hardware resources, such as memory,
CPU, and disk storage. Device drivers are software programs that allow the computer to
communicate with its hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and hard drives. Utilities are
programs that perform tasks such as formatting disks, backing up files, and managing passwords.

Application Software also divided.

1. General-Purpose Software

General-purpose software can be used for a variety of tasks. For example, word processors,
spreadsheets, and web browsers are all general-purpose software.

2. Specialized Software

Specialized software is designed for a specific task or industry. For example, accounting
software, medical software, and engineering software are all specialized software.

Question No: - 4

Answer: -

Microsoft Office: -

Microsoft Office is one of the most popular productivity software suites in the world. It is
used by businesses, schools, and individuals all over the globe. Microsoft Office is available for
both Windows and macOS computers.

The following are some of the most popular programs in Microsoft Office:
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Word: Word is a word processor that allows users to create and edit documents.

Excel: Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows users to create and work with data tables.

PowerPoint: PowerPoint is a presentation software program that allows users to create and
deliver presentations.

Outlook: Outlook is an email client that allows users to send and receive email, manage their
calendar, and keep track of their contacts.

Microsoft Office is a powerful productivity software suite that can help users be more productive
in their work. It is available for both Windows and macOS computers, and it is used by
businesses, schools, and individuals all over the globe.