Indonesia Lighting Roadmap ENG 19012022

ROADMAP
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-
EFFICIENCY LIGHTINGS FOR
INDONESIA
1
Project Team
Director : Dadan Kusdiana (General Director of EBTKE & Acting

Head of Research and Development Agency of Energy
and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources)
Supervisor : Hariyanto (Head of P3tek KEBTKE, Ministry of Energy
and Mineral Resources)
Team Leader : Muhammad Indra Al Irsyad (P3tek KEBTKE)
Members : Tri Anggono (P3tek KEBTKE)
Gea Prita Srikandi (P3tek KEBTKE)
Paber Parluhutan Sinaga (P3tek KEBTKE)
Dedi Suntoro (P3tek KEBTKE)
Vetri Nurliyanti (P3tek KEBTKE)
Rizki Triana Putri (Directorate of Electronics &
Telematics Industry, Ministry of Industry)
Marlina Pandin (P3tek KEBTKE)
Herlin Herlianika (CLASP Advisory Indonesia)
Katherine Hasan (CLASP Advisory Indonesia)
Renyta Citra (ADLIGHT)
Mirza Rahim (ADLIGHT Consultant for Street Lights)
Ihsan Andika Lubis (Directorate of Electronics &
Telematics Industry, Ministry of Industry)
Ardian Marta Kusuma (Directorate of Energy
Conservations, Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources)
Arief Heru Kuncoro (P3tek KEBTKE)
Harun Al Rasyid (P3tek KEBTKE)
Errie Kusriadie (P3tek KEBTKE)
Center for Research and Development of Electricity Technology, New Renewable Energy,
and Energy Conservation
Research and Development Agency of Energy and Mineral Resources
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
Bogor, 2021
2
Steering Committee of ADLIGHT
Chief Director : General Director of New-Renewable Energy and Energy

Conservation. Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources.
Vice Director : Resident Representative. UNDP Indonesia.
Members : GEF Task Manager, Climate Change Mitigation. UNEP
Asia Pacific.
Secretary of General Directorate of New-Renewable
Energy and Energy Conservation. Ministry of Energy
and Mineral Resources.
Director of Energy Conservation. Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources.
Director of Electronics & Telematics Industry. Ministry of
Industry.
Director of Supervision of Circulating Goods and
Services. Ministry of Trade.
Director of Evaluation, Accounting, and Settlement.
Ministry of Finance.
Director of Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Monitoring,
Reporting and Verification. Ministry of Environment and
Forestry.
Director of Road Traffic. Ministry of Transportation.
Director of Business Climate Development and
International Cooperation. Government
Goods/Services Procurement Agency.
3
Executive Summary
The ADLIGHT project aims to reduce electricity consumption and greenhouse gas
emissions in Indonesia by transforming the national lighting market by encouraging high-
efficiency lighting technology, such as LED lamps. The focus of component 1 in the
ADLIGHT project is to assist the domestic lamp industry to grow and produce high-quality
energy-efficient lighting. These efforts need to be carried out in structured and integrated
actions between sectors in determining the transformation strategy-, short-, medium-, and
long-term targets as set out in this roadmap.
This roadmap consists of 6 sections that discuss the demand for lamps in Indonesia, the
capacity of the local lighting industry, the quality and price of local lamps, policy action
plans, capacity building, gender equality, and environmental protection. In part 1, lamp
demand in Indonesia has been projected by CLASP and PwC [1]. The average growth of
lamp sales for the household sector is around 0.4% from 2019 – 2030. The average growth
of lamp sales for the professional sector is negative, i.e., -0.3% per year, with an average
sale of 67.7 million units per year during 2019 – 2030. In contrast, the average growth of
outdoor lighting sales during 2019 – 2030 is relatively high at 4.5% per year or increased
from 4.6 million units in 2019 to 7.7 million units in 2030.
The ratio of local LED lamps and imported LED lamps in 2018 was around 13% so that the
market share of local LED lamps other than street lights was around 12% [1]. The low market
share of local LED lamps for non-street lights has made several domestic lighting industries
no longer produce. APERLINDO admitted that four of its members are no longer producing
lamps. In line with that, GAMATRINDO reported that one of its members is no longer
producing lamps. The LED Street lights market is estimated to have been dominated by
local lamps. The primary users of street lights are government agencies required to use
domestic products if there are products with TKDN and a BMP value of 40% [2].
Part 2 discusses the results of a survey of 27 domestic lamp industries. Indonesia can
produce high-quality LED lamps exported to Asia, Africa, Europe, the Pacific, and America.
This capability can reduce LED lamp import, around 70% of total LED lamps circulated in
Indonesia. The domestic lighting industries manufacture various lamps such as LED lamps,
fluorescent, incandescent lamps, and high-intensity discharge (HID). The LED lamp types
4
also vary, i.e., street lights, bulbs, tube lights, and other LED lamp types. LED bulbs are
generally manufactured and assembled domestically, but five industries are still importing
LED bulbs. A similar supply pattern also occurs for LED tube lights, street lights, and other
LED lamp types. Most lamp industries have a production capacity of less than 1 million lamp
units per year. Lamp sales volume is correlated with the production volume. In 2019, 67 %
of respondents had a total sales volume of less than 1 million LED bulbs per year.
Number of Industry
LED Bulb 12 13 5
LED Tube 7 11 6
LED PJU 16 15 4
Other LED lamps 12 12 5
Type of Lamp
CFL 2 3
LFL - T12 2
LFL - T5 & T8 4 2 4
HID - High Pressure Sodium 2
HID - Metal Halide 2
Halogen 11 3
Incandescent 2 1
Production Assembly Import
Type of Lamp by Domestic Industry and Its Supply Pattern
Regarding the supply chain, the majority of the LED lamp industry still imports most
components. However, the LED Lamp industry can produce parts such as PCBs, housings,
and lenses domestically. The survey results propose adding the SPD component to the
industry tree of the street lights. The survey results suggest classifying the LED modules and
PCBs as components that the LED lamp industry can produce domestically for the industrial
tree of LED bulbs. Similar suggestions are for drivers and driver components because the
LED lamp industry can make those domestically.
5
Number of Industry
LED chip 15
Imported Components
LED module 8
Driver 16
Component for driver 6
Housing 5
Lens 12
PCB 2
Cable 0
Base cap 6
SPD 10
Number of Industries with Imported Components
Industrial Tree of LED Street Lighting as per the Ministry of Industry
6
Ministry of Industry Survey Result of ADLIGHT
Industry Tree of LED Bulb
Section 3 discusses the quality of local LED lamps, including efficacy, lifespan, power factor,
and price. The average efficacy of local LED bulbs is 93 lm/W, higher than the moderate
efficacy of imported LED bulbs (i.e., 89 lm/W). The lifespan of local LED bulbs reaches 40
thousand hours with an average value of 20 thousand hours. For comparison, imported LED
bulbs' average and maximum lifespan are 15 thousand hours and 30 thousand hours,
respectively. The average power factor of local lamps is acceptable, namely 0.52 for bulb
lamps, 0.6 for tube lights, and 0.9 for street lights. Local LED lamp prices are also quite
competitive. Local LED bulbs range from IDR 556 /W to IDR 15,500 /W, with an average
price of IDR 3,972 /W. On the other hand, the price range for imported LED bulbs is IDR
831 - 35,800 /W with an average price of IDR 8,264/W
7
140
120
100
Efficacy (lm/W)
80
60
40
20
-
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Power (W)
Local Import
Rated efficacy on local and imported LED bulbs
45000
40000
35000
Lifespan (hours)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Power (W)
Local Import
Rated lifespan on local and imported LED bulbs
8
40.000
35.000
Price unit (IDR/W)
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power (W)
Import Local
Price unit of local and imported LED bulbs
Section 4 discusses the Action Plans to increase local lamps' quality and market share in the
short, medium, and long term. Section 5 discusses the impacts of the Action Plans on the
market share of local lamps. The market share of local and high-efficiency lamps for the
professional sector is expected to increase from 12% in 2019 to 19% in 2025, 50% in 2030,
and 75% in 2035. The increase in the market share impacts various action plans, particularly
the action plan for replacing lamps that do not meet the MEPS or contain mercury with
lamps that meet national safety standards and MEPS and minimum 40% local content.
Together with import governance, this action plan will also increase the market share of
local lighting for the household sector. The demand for local lamps in the household sector
will increase from 12% in 2019 to 19% in 2030 and 75% in 2035. On average, the market
share of local lamps in these two sectors is 15% in 2025, 32% in 2030, and 75% in 2035.
9
Action Plans in Short Term (2022 – 2025)
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of

Action Plans LKPP ADLIGHT BRIN
EMR EF Industry Finance WECP
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
MEPS 80 lm/W for bulbs, 90 lm/W for tube lights, and
2022
120 lm/W for street lights.
Phasing out lamps that contain mercury in government 2022
agencies and SOEs buildings.
Lamp waste disposal regulation. 2023
INCREASING MARKET SHARE OF LOCAL LAMPS
Import Management (HS Code: 8539.50.00; 9405.10.91;
9405.10.92; 9405.20.90; 94053000; 9405.40.40; 2022
9405.40.50; 9405.40.60).
Prototyping non-street lights meet the national safety
standard and MEPS with minimum local content and 2022
BMP of 40%.
An obligation of government agencies and SOEs to use
local lights (local contents and BMP at least 40%) that 2023
meet the national safety standard and MEPS.
The LKPP Electronic Catalogue contains local non-street
2023
lights that meet the national safety standard and MEPS.
Disseminations of local lamp brands (local contents and
BMP at least 40%) that the national safety standard and 2023
MEPS.
LOCAL CONTENT ENHANCEMENT
Research and development of national molding and 2023
drivers for street lights. 2024
Providing super deduction tax for lamp industries that
2025
conducts research
GENDER EQUALITY
A guideline for gender mainstreaming in the lamp
2023
industry.
10
Action Plans in Medium Term (2026 – 2030)
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Association/ Ministry of
Action Plans Ministry of EF BRIN
EMR Industry PWH Industry Finance
MEPS 130 lm/W for non-streetlights bulb, 2026
and 180 lm/W for street lights.
Mandatory national safety standards of
2026
lamps for public procurement.
Phasing out lamps that contain mercury in
2027
all professional buildings.
Commitments of construction planners and
contractors to use local lamps (local
2026
contents and BMP at least 40%) that the
national safety standard and MEPS.
Lamp industries use lamp housing molding
2026
and national drivers for street lights.
Investments in LED chip or semiconductor 2028
industry.
Investment incentives 2030
Research and development of national SPD
2026
for street lights.
11
Action Plans in Long Term (2031 – 2035)
Ministry of Ministry of Association/ Ministry of
Action Plans
EMR Trade Industry Industry
MEPS 150 lm/W for non-
streetlights bulb, and 210 2032
lm/W for street lights.
Provision of a Function-worthy
Certificate (SLF) accompanied
by conditions for the use of
lamps that meet the national 2033
safety standard and MEPS
with local contents and BMP
at least 40%
Domestic purchasing
obligation (some lamps sold
by importers are required to 2035
have local contents and BMP
at least 40%)
Industries of street lights use
2031
the national SPD.
Minimum local contents and
BMP is increased to 60% for
the procurement of street 2034
lights by government
agencies.
80 75
Market Size (%)
70 75
60
50
50
40 32
30
19
20 15
12
10 19
12
0
2035
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
Years
Residential lightings Professional lightings Average
Projection of local LED lamp market share
12
Section 6 addresses issues of gender equality and environmental protection. The survey
results show that the total employees in 23 industries have a relatively wide range from 12
to 730 people, with an average of 153 people. The number of female workers is quite
significant, with an average of around 36.6% of total employees. Most industries are
concerned about worker welfare by giving incentives and facilities, such as paid maternity
leave, menstrual leave, and lactation room.
78,0
70,0
66,0
%
36,6
31,5
10,0
- 2,5 -
Female worker of total Female worker on Female worker on
employee management product development
Average
Percentage of Number of Female Workers in the Lighting Industry
The proposed action plan will reduce emissions and mercury due to the sale of lamps
during 2019 – 2035. The total potential for emission reductions for all sectors is 36 million
tons of CO2e. The total cumulative mercury reduction from the action plan on lamp sales
2019 – 2035 is 125 kg.
13
Emission (million ton CO2) 120 107
100
80
60 71
40
20
-
2019
2026
2034
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2035
Years
Business as usual Post Action Plans
Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035
2.000 1.843
1.800
1.600
1.718
1.400
Mercury (kg)
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
-
2022
2027
2032
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
2031
2033
2034
2035
Years
Business as usual Post Action Plans
Accumulative mercury from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035
14
Table of Contents
Project Team ...................................................................................................................................... 2

Steering Committee of ADLIGHT ................................................................................................... 3
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 15
List of Figure ..................................................................................................................................... 17
List of Table ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Definition and Abbreviation .......................................................................................................... 21
1. LAMP DEMAND ....................................................................................................................... 24
1.1. Baseline of Lamp Demands ............................................................................................... 25
1.2. The Market Share of Local Lamps ..................................................................................... 29
2. CAPABILITIES OF THE INDONESIAN LAMP INDUSTRY ................................................... 33
2.1. Lamp Industry in Indonesia ................................................................................................ 34
2.2. Production Capacity ............................................................................................................ 37
2.3. Technology ........................................................................................................................... 39
3. QUALITY AND PRICE OF LAMPS IN INDONESIA .............................................................. 47
3.1. Efficacy ................................................................................................................................... 48
3.2. Lifespan ................................................................................................................................. 54
3.3. Power Factor ......................................................................................................................... 58
3.4. Standardization .................................................................................................................... 60
3.5. Price ....................................................................................................................................... 62
4. POLICY ACTION PLANS ......................................................................................................... 66
4.1. Challenges Hindering Local Lamp Industries ................................................................. 67
4.2. Legal Basis ............................................................................................................................ 70
4.3. Short Term Action Plan ....................................................................................................... 73
4.4. Medium Term Action Plan .................................................................................................. 81
4.5. Long Term Action Plan........................................................................................................ 83
5. CAPACITY INCREASE ............................................................................................................. 85
6. GENDER EQUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION .......................................... 93
6.1. Gender Equality ................................................................................................................... 94
6.2. Environmental Protection ................................................................................................... 96
7. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 102
15
8. RESPONDENT PROFILE ...................................................................................................... 107
8.1. CV. Sentosa Electric .......................................................................................................... 108
8.2. PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama ......................................................................................... 109
8.3. PT. Catur Mukti Pratama .................................................................................................. 110
8.4. PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia ....................................................................................................... 111
8.5. PT. Daya Mandiri Terbarukan ......................................................................................... 112
8.6. PT. Fokus Indo Lighting ................................................................................................... 113
8.7. PT. Honoris Industry ......................................................................................................... 114
8.8. PT. Jaya Eco Energi .......................................................................................................... 115
8.9. PT. Kingled Indonesia ...................................................................................................... 116
8.10. PT. LED Pro IDN .............................................................................................................. 117
8.11. PT. Makarim Berjaya ....................................................................................................... 118
8.12. PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti ............................................................................................. 119
8.13. PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia ....................................................................................... 120
8.14 PT. Panasonic Gobel Life Solustions............................................................................. 121
8.15. PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia ......................................................................................... 122
8.16. PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia ................................................................... 123
8.17. PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi ........................................................................................ 124
8.18. PT. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia .............................................................................. 125
8.19. PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo........................................................................................... 126
8.20. PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut ........................................................................................... 127
8.21. PT. Signify Commercial Indonesia ............................................................................... 128
8.22. PT. Solarens Ledindo ..................................................................................................... 129
8.23. PT. Sumber Klik Sejahtera ............................................................................................. 130
8.24. PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang ............................................................................... 131
8.25. PT. Surya Utama Putra .................................................................................................... 132
8.26. PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi ........................................................................................... 133
16
List of Figure
Figure 1.1 Projected number of lamps in the household sector ............................................. 25

Figure 1.2 Projected number of lamps in the professional sector .......................................... 26
Figure 1.3 Projected number of outdoor lamps ........................................................................ 27
Figure 1.4 Projection of lamp sales in the residential sector ................................................... 28
Figure 1.5 Projection of lamp sales in the professional sector ................................................ 28
Figure 1.6 Sales projection of outdoor lamp .............................................................................. 29
Figure 1.7 Lamp market share in 2018 ........................................................................................ 30
Figure 1.8 The export destinations of Indonesia’s lamps ......................................................... 32
Figure 2.1 Production capacity of Indonesia's LED lamp industries ....................................... 37
Figure 2.2 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2019 .................................... 38
Figure 2.3 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2020 .................................... 38
Figure 2.4 Production Tools .......................................................................................................... 39
Figure 2.5 Imported components/parts ...................................................................................... 40
Figure 2.6 The industrial tree of LED bulbs ................................................................................ 41
Figure 2.7 The industrial tree of LED street lights ...................................................................... 42
Figure2.8 TKDN of LED street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog ..................................... 42
Figure 2.9 LED chip brands used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog ............... 43
Figure 2.10 LED driver brands used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog .......... 44
Figure 2.11 The types of housing used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog ..... 44
Figure 2.12 The production cost structure of LED bulbs .......................................................... 45
Figure 2.13 The production cost structure of LED street lights ............................................... 46
Figure 3.1 Efficacy listed from local and imported LED bulbs ................................................. 48
Figure 3.2 Local LED bulb efficacy measurement results ......................................................... 49
Figure 3.3 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED tube lights ........................................... 50
Figure 3.4 Measured efficacy of local LED tube lights .............................................................. 50
Figure 3.5 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED downlights .......................................... 51
Figure 3.6 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED floodlights........................................... 51
Figure 3.7 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED high bay .............................................. 52
Figure 3.8 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED street lights ......................................... 53
17
Figure 3.9 Measured efficacies of local street lights and high bay ......................................... 53
Figure 3.10 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED bulbs .......................................... 54
Figure 3.11 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED tube lights ................................. 55
Figure 3.12 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED downlights ................................ 55
Figure 3.13 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED floodlights................................. 56
Figure 3.14 The stated lifespan of local and imported high bays ........................................... 56
Figure 3.15 The stated lifespan of the local and imported street lights ................................ 57
Figure 3.16 The warranty of LED street lights at the LKPP Electronic Catalog...................... 57
Figure 3.17 The measurement results of power factor of local LED bulbs ............................ 58
Figure 3.18 The measurement results of power factor of local LED tube lights ................... 59
Figure 3.19 The power factor measurement results of local street lights and high bay ..... 59
Figure 3.20 The capacity factor of LED street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog ........... 60
Figure 3.21 Management system applied by local industries ................................................. 61
Figure 3.22 Test standards used by local industries ................................................................. 61
Figure 3.23 Number of LED bulbs complying with SNI IEC 62560:2015 .............................. 62
Figure 3.24 Unit prices for local and imported LED bulbs ....................................................... 63
Figure 3.25 Unit prices of local LED tube lights ......................................................................... 63
Figure 3.26 The unit price of local LED floodlights ................................................................... 64
Figure 3.27 Unit prices for LED lamps type panel, downlights, and post-top ...................... 65
Figure 3.28 The price unit of local street lights .......................................................................... 65
Figure 4.1 Policy proposals from local industries ...................................................................... 68
Figure 4.2 Opinions on the mandatory safety SNI ..................................................................... 69
Figure 4.3 Industry opinion on SKEM harmonization in ASEAN ............................................. 79
Figure 5.1 The establishment year of local industries ............................................................... 86
Figure 5.2 Type of capital ownership........................................................................................... 86
Figure 5.3 Investment and development plans ......................................................................... 87
Figure 5.4 Local LED lamp market share projection ................................................................. 88
Figure 5.5 Sales projections of high-efficiency lamps in the residential sector .................... 89
Figure 5.6 Projection of lamp sales in the residential after the action plans ......................... 89
Figure 5.7 The sales projection of LED lamps for the professional sector ............................ 90
Figure 5.8 The sales projection of all lamp types for professionals (post-action plans) ...... 90
Figure 5.9 The sales projection of LED outdoor lamps ............................................................ 91
Figure 5.10 The sales projection of all outdoor lamp types (post-action plans)................... 91
Figure 6.1 Number of employees ................................................................................................ 94
Figure 6.2 Percentage of the number of female employees ................................................... 95
18
Figure 6.3 Facilities for employees............................................................................................... 95
Figure 6.4 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp use for household ................. 96
Figure 6.5 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp use for professionals ............ 96
Figure 6.6 Accumulative electricity consumption from using outdoor lamps ...................... 97
Figure 6.7 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp sales 2019 – 2035 .................. 97
Figure 6.8 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold to the residential sector .. 98
Figure 6.9 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold to the professional sector98
Figure 6.10 Accumulative emissions from the use of sold outdoor lamps ............................ 99
Figure 6.11 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035 ................ 99
Figure 6.12 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of lamps sold to the
professional sector ....................................................................................................................... 100
Figure 6.13 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of sold outdoor lamps ...... 100
Figure 6.14 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035
......................................................................................................................................................... 101
Figure 8.3 The Production Process at PT. Catur Mukti Pratama ........................................... 110
Gambar 8.4 Lampu PJU LED produksi PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia .............................................. 111
Gambar 8.13 Proses produksi di PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia .......................................... 120
Gambar 8.20 Proses produksi lampu LED filamen di PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut ............ 127
19
List of Table
Table1.1 Number of local industries based on the LED lamp procurement process .......... 31
Table2.1 Industries participating in drafting the Roadmap ..................................................... 36
Table 4.1 Short Term Action Plan (2022 – 2025) ........................................................................ 74
Table 4.2 Medium Term Action Plan (2026 – 2030)................................................................... 82
Table 4.3 Long Term Action Plan (2031 – 2035) ........................................................................ 84
20
Definition and Abbreviation
ACFTA : ASEAN-China Free Trade Area

ALINDO : Indonesian Luminaire Association
APDAL-IRAS : Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and Direct Current
House Installation
APERLINDO : Indonesian Lighting Industry Association
ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BAPPENAS : National Development Planning Agency
BMP : Company Benefit Weight
BPJT : Toll Road Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Public Works and
Housing
BRIN : National Research and Innovation Agency
BSN : National Standardization Agency
CFL : Compact fluorescent lamp
CLASP : Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program
Directorate : Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy
General of EBTKE Conservation
EMC : Electromagnetic compatibility
FDG : Focus Group Discussion
GAMATRINDO : Indonesian Integrated Lighting Manufacturing Industry
Association
Import : Lamps are imported in a state already assembled for packaging
or already packaged from suppliers.
IoT : Internet of Things
Ministry of WECP : the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection
PPP : Government and Business Entity Cooperation
Imported lamp : The imported lamps are fully assembled so they can be used
right away
Local lamps : Lamps assembled domestically use components that are partly
from within or wholly from abroad.
LED : Light-emitting diode
LFL : Linear fluorescent lamp
LKPP : Government Goods/Services Procurement Policy Institute
LPDP : Education Fund Management Institute
LTSHE : Energy Saving Solar Lamps
M&E : Mechanical and Electrical
OEM : Original Equipment Manufacturer
OSS : Online Single Submission
PBG : Building Approval
21
PCB : Printed circuit board
Production : There is a process of making lamp components within the
factory area or in the territory of Indonesia.
PwC : PricewaterhouseCoopers
Assembly : All materials are imported from outside the factory outside the
territory of Indonesia (import), but the lamps are assembled in
Indonesia.
MEPS : Minimum Energy Performance Standard
SLA : Service Level Agreement
SLF : Functional Eligibility Certificate
SMT : Surface mount technology
SPD : Surge protection device
TKDN : Domestic Component Level
22
Industry survey results, analytical methods, data, and assumptions are reported
separately.
23
1. LAMP DEMAND
24
1.1. Baseline of Lamp Demands
CLASP and PwC [1] had projected the demands for lamps for three lamp users, namely
household (Figure 1.1.), professional (Figure 1.2), and outdoor (i.e., street lights, and
another outdoor lamp) (Figure 1.3). The projections are made using the Policy Analysis
Modeling System (PAMS), survey data of 51 retail stores, survey data on 5000 households,
data from industry associations, government data, lamp industry websites, and reviews of
previous studies. The PAMS is a spreadsheet in an excel file developed by the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the Collaborative Labeling and Appliance
Standards Program (CLASP) [3]. The projections were made for three lamp users,
500
Lamps (millionn units)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
-
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Incandescent Halogen CFL
LFL Mercury Vapour High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide LED
Source: CLASP and PwC [1]
Figure 1.1 Projected number of lamps in the household sector
The number of lamps in the residential sector will increase by 2.7% per year from 334.2
million units in 2019 to 446.2 million units in 2030 [1]. The proportion of incandescent and
compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) users in 2019 was still relatively high, at 7.1% and 41.8%,
as shown in Figure 1.1. The portion of lamp-emitting diode (LED) lamp users in 2019 was
already high at 43.5%, and the share of LED lamp users will continue to increase to 100% in
2030. The high penetration of LED lamps results from various advantages of LED lamps,
declining prices of LED lamps, and the prohibition on mercury imports [1, 4]. Several
advantages of LED lamps are high efficiency, long lifespan, better color rendering, and zero
25
harmful mercury [5]. Therefore, retailers now sell more LED lamps (76%) of the 765 models
found on the market than CFL lamps (24%) and incandescent lamps (0.4%) [1].
The shift from non-LED lamps to 100% LED lamps also occurs in the professional sector (i.e.,
commercial, government, and industrial buildings), as shown in Figure 1.2. The use of
lamps in the professional sector will increase from 323.7 million units in 2019 to 540 million
units in 2030 (average growth of 4.8% per year) [1]. The portion of lamps that will be
significantly reduced are fluorescent lamps, CFL, and linear fluorescent lamps (LFL) from
36.2% in 2019 to be entirely replaced by LED lamps in 2030.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 1.2 Projected number of lamps in the professional sector
The use of LED lamps for outdoor in 2019 has reached 85.5%, as shown in Figure 1.3 [1].
The projections are based on data from BPS, the Ministry of Transportation, toll road
operators, eight-city governments as the foremost users of street lights, four industry
associations, and five industries that control 75% of the lamp market share in Indonesia.
Outdoor lamps will increase from 26.6 million units in 2019 to 48.7 million units in 2030.
CLASP and PwC [1] predicted that all outdoor lamps by 2030 will be LED lamps.
26
60
50
40
30
20
10
-
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Halogen CFL LFL
Mercury Vapour High Pressure Sodium Metal Halide
LED
Figure 1.3 Projected number of outdoor lamps
Although the number of lamps used by residential and professional sectors will increase,
lamp sales in these two sectors in 2022 - 2030 are relatively stable [1]. The average growth
of lamp sales for the household sector is around 0.4% per year during 2019 – 2030, as
shown in Figure 1.4. The average growth of lamp sales for the professional sector is
negative, i.e., - 0.3% per year, with an average sales of 67.7 million units per year during
2019 – 2030, as shown in Figure 1.5. This relatively stable sales growth is due to the long
lifespan of LED lamps, up to 50,000 hours, compared to the maximum lifespan of CFL lamps
(i.e., 15,000 hours) [1].
27
120
100
80
60
40
20
-
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 1.4 Projection of lamp sales in the residential sector
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 1.5 Projection of lamp sales in the professional sector
On the other hand, the average growth of outdoor lamp sales during 2019-2030 is relatively
high at 4.5% per year. Figure 1.6 shows that outdoor lamp sales will increase from 4.6
million units in 2019 to 7.7 million units in 2030 [1]. LED lamps with a long life span have
28
dominated outdoor lamps, so the analysis of the lamp replacement period in the PAMS
model is relatively the same. Meanwhile, demands for new outdoor lamps are growing so
that sales of outdoor lamps will continuously increase, as shown in Figure 1.6.
9
8
7
Lamps (million units)
6
5
4
3
2
1
-
2024
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Years
Halogen CFL LFL
Mercury Vapour High Pressure Sodium Metal Halide
LED
Figure 1.6 Sales projection of outdoor lamp
1.2. The Market Share of Local Lamps
Based on discussions with associations and several lamp industries, the market size of local
lamps is around 20% of the total lamp supply in Indonesia. CLASP and PwC [1] estimated
the market share of local lamps in 2018 through three stages. The first stage was the
estimation of the number of imported lamps based on data on the weight of imported
lamps from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) [6] and the average weight of each type of
lamp from UN Comtrade [7]. The second stage was to calculate the ratio of the number of
local lamps to the number of imported lamps in 2018. CLASP and PwC [1] estimated that
the number of local lamps in 2018 was 62 million units based on data provided by several
domestic industries. The estimated imported lamps in 2018 were around 158 million units,
resulting in a 28% ratio. The ratio is similar to that estimated by associations and lamp
industries, i.e., 20% / 80% or 25%. The third stage was to estimate the production of each
29
type of local lamp using the 28% ratio. CLASP and PwC [1] adjusted the ratios for
incandescent, CFL, and LED bulbs based on data from associations and industries. Figure
1.7 shows that the ratio of local LED lamps and imported LED lamps in 2018 was around
13% so that the market share of local LED lamps other than street lights was around 12%.
The low market share of local LED lamps for non- street lights had shut several domestic
lamp industries. APERLINDO admitted that four of its members are no longer producing
lamps. In line with that, GAMATRINDO reported that one of its members is no longer
producing lamps.
Total : 194 million lamps

LED (except outdoor); Incandescent;
71.555.374 35.041.247
12% 88% 28% 72%

14%
37%
6%
Halogen;
11.826.168
HID; 1.060.010
35%
22% 78%
22% 78% 3%
CFL;
LFL; 6.777.111 67.923.185
22% 78% 21% 79%
Figure 1.7 Lamp market share in 2018
LED street lights are mostly local street lights. The key users of street lights are government
institutions requiring domestic products if a product with a total value of TKDN and BMP of
40% exists in the market [2]. Government institutes procuring street lights every year are
514 district/city governments, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of
Transportation, and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Other users of street lights
are toll road operators, residential and industrial estate developers, private companies, and
30
the general public. Those users may use imported street lights because they have no
obligation to use local street lights. Imported street lights can still enter government
procurement due to the following possibilities:
a. The implementing team or the goods/services procurement committee do not

know the obligations of TKDN and BMP because they do not regularly purchase
street lights;
b. Lack of supervision by government institutions on the production and assembly
processes of purchased street lights. During the survey, the industry discussed the
possibility of street lights’ import strategy amid contract deadlines and large
procurement volumes. The survey results in Table 1.2 show that four local industries
import street lights even though these industries are producing or assembling street
lights.
Table 1.1 also shows that 27.8% of the 25 industries surveyed import LED bulbs even
though these industries also carry out assembly (1 industry) or production and assembly (2
industries). Two industries that import LED bulbs without any production/assembly are
generally industries of street lights or other LED lamps.
Table1.1 Number of local industries based on the LED lamp procurement process
Tube Street Other types of

Procurement process Bulbs
lights lights LED lamps
Production 1 1 6 4
Assembly 5 3 5 4
Import 2 3 0 0
Production and assembly 7 7 7 4
Assembly and import 1 1 1 1
Production, assembly, and import 2 2 3 4
Total 18 17 22 17
n = 25 domestic industries
Of the 24 respondents, five industries export lamps to various countries. In Figure 4.6,
Indonesia's lamp export destinations are the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN), Asia, Middle East, Pacific, the United States, Latin American, and Africa. Those
exporting industries generally have more than 1 million units per year of sales and
production capacity. The age of an industry and the type of investment also affect the ability
to export.
31
5
19
Export Domestic only
Base (n) = 24 respondent
Figure 1.8 The export destinations of Indonesia’s lamps
32
2.CAPABILITIES OF THE
INDONESIAN LAMP
INDUSTRY
33
2.1. Lamp Industry in Indonesia
Indonesia has 40 lamp industries and three industry associations, i.e., the Association of
Indonesian Luminaires (ALINDO), the Indonesian Electrical Lighting Industry Association
(APERLINDO), and the Indonesian Integrated-Lamp Manufacturing Industry Association
(GAMATRINDO). ALINDO members are generally industries of street lights. APERLINDO
has 44 members, but around 58% are importers. PT. Jaya Eco Energi, PT Solarens Ledindo,
PT. Karya Energi Semesta, and PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi are members of two
associations (i.e., ALINDO and APERLINDO). Meanwhile, GAMATRINDO has ten local
industry members, but the active members are only eight industries. Following lamp
industries are not a member of any association:
a. PT. Catur Mukti Pratama.

b. PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia.
c. PT. Daya Mandiri Terbarukan.
d. PT. Global Persada Internusa.
e. PT. LED Pro Idn.
f. PT. Makarim Berjaya.
The ALINDO is the association of business entities or manufacturers engaged in luminary

production. Since its establishment on February 9, 2015, ALINDO has 12 members:
a. CV. Solarindo Jaya.

b. PT. Adyawinsa Electrical and Power.
c. PT. Faidhi Systema Solusindo.
d. PT. Fokus Indo Lighting.
e. PT. Jaya Eco Energi.
f. PT. Karya Energi Semesta.
g. PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia.
h. PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi.
i. PT. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia.
j. PT. Solarens Ledindo.
k. PT. Subur Semesta.
l. PT. Surya Utama Putra.
APERLINDO was founded and initiated by lamp industries in 1980 with a goal to build a
lamp industry community towards a better future. APERLINDO assists its members with
34
instructions, information, and recommendations. APERLINDO also introduces its members
and their products to the public at home and abroad through exhibitions, symposiums, and
magazine publications. APERLINDO has 41 members, of which 17 are local industries that
are:
a. PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama.

b. PT. Honoris Industry.
c. PT. Jaya Eco Energi.
d. PT. Karya Energi Semesta.
e. PT. Kingled Indonesia.
f. PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia.
g. PT. Ningbo Global Lamp.
h. PT. Panasonic Gobel Eco Solutions Manufacturing Indonesia.
i. PT. Pancaran Indonesia.
j. PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia.
k. PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi.
l. PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo.
m. PT. Signify Commercial Indonesia.
n. PT. Solarens Ledindo.
o. PT. Sumber Klik Sejahtera.
p. PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang.
q. PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi.
GAMATRINDO was established in 2013 to support the nation's independence,

especially in the lamp industry. The GAMATRINDO aspiration is to strengthen the
development of a highly competitive domestic industry in the face of increasingly open
global competition in regional and international markets. GAMATRINDO has ten
members, but only nine are still in production, namely:
a. CV. Sentosa Electric

b. PT. Global Jaya Elektronik.
c. PT. Hikari.
d. PT. Infinity Light Indonesia.
e. PT. Lighting Solution.
f. PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti.
g. PT. Sentra Solusi Elektrindo.
35
h. PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut.
i. PT. Suke Teknologi Indonesia.
The data in this Roadmap is based on the results of surveys and discussions in 27 industries,
as shown in Table 2.1.
Table2.1 Industries participating in drafting the Roadmap
Respondent Province Association

PT. Fokus Indo Lighting West Java ALINDO
PT. Jaya Eco Energi DKI Jakarta ALINDO/ APERLINDO
PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia Riau Islands ALINDO
PT. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia East Java ALINDO
PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi East Java ALINDO/ APERLINDO
PT. Solarens Ledindo West Java ALINDO/ APERLINDO
PT. Surya Utama Putra West Java ALINDO
PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama West Java APERLINDO
PT. Honoris Industry West Java APERLINDO
PT. Kingled Indonesia North Sumatra APERLINDO
PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia Central Java APERLINDO
PT. Panasonic Gobel Life Solustions East Java APERLINDO
PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia Central Java APERLINDO
PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo East Java APERLINDO
PT. Signify Commercial Indonesai DKI Jakarta APERLINDO
PT. Sumber Klik Sejahtera DKI Jakarta APERLINDO
PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang West Java APERLINDO
PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi East Java APERLINDO
CV. Sentosa Electric West Java GAMATRINDO
PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti Banten GAMATRINDO
PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut East Java GAMATRINDO
PT. Catur Mukti Pratama Banten No association
PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia West Java No association
PT. Daya Mandiri Terbarukan Banten No association
PT. Global Persada Internusa Banten No association
PT. LED Pro Idn West Java No association
PT. Makarim Berjaya DKI Jakarta No association
36
2.2. Production Capacity
The LED lamp production process is simpler than the non-LED lamp production process.
The production process of LED lamps does not need glass components, gas, and mercury.
Generally, local industries procure LED components in modules (either from imports or
other domestic industries), and then the local industries assemble these components. As
an illustration for the LED bulb, an industry with basic equipment and seven workers
working 8 hours can produce 1,500 lamps per day or 540 thousand lamps per year. For the
production process of street lights, an industry with 28 workers can produce 300 lamps per
day or 108 thousand lamps per year. The production capacity can be increased easily by
increasing the working hours or adding laborers.
Most local industries have a production capacity of fewer than 1 million units per year, as
shown in Figure 2.1. Production capacity relies on the number of workers, where industries
with more than 1 million units have more than 70 employees. The Ministry of Industry
estimates that the production capacity utilization of local lamp industries is only 15 to 16%.
The low utility is due to the low demand for local lamps. Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 show that
the sales volume of the Indonesian lamp industry is generally below 1 million lamps, which
the range is relatively high, from hundreds of units to thousands of units per year.
Number of industry
10
17
9
2
2 1
9 2 1 1
<1 million units 1 to 2.5 million units 2.5 to 5 million units > 5 million units
Production capacity per year
LED bulb LED tube lights LED street lights Other LED lamps
n = 26 respondents
Figure 2.1 Production capacity of Indonesia's LED lamp industries
37
Number of industry
12
18
9 0
0
10 2 1 1 1 0
0 1
Sales Volume in 2019

n = 26 respondents
Figure 2.2 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2019

Number of industry
12
18
11 1 1 1 1 0
1
Sales Volume in 2020
n = 26 respondents
Figure 2.3 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2020
38
2.3. Technology
Local industries have different ownership levels of production equipment, as shown in

Figure 2.4. The commonly used basic production tools are manual soldering and laser
cutting machines to stamp information at housings or lamp covers. Local industries also
have surface mount technology (SMT) machines (6 industries), plastic injection machines
for producing casing/cover (5 industries), die-cast machines (4 industries), and automatic
soldering systems (3 industries). One industry has a glass-blowing machine and a stem
machine to produce filament-type LED lamps. One industry has a 3D printing machine to
produce consumer-designed lamp housings quickly. All industries have electrical
characteristic test equipment, e.g., multimeters and current-measuring instruments, and
aging test equipment. Other standard test equipment are integrated sphere photometry
(ISP) (8 industries), humidity and temperature chamber (2 industries), goniophotometer,
and water spray chamber (1 industry).
Number of Manufacturers
Plastic injection machine 5
SMT 6
Die casting machinery 4
CNC milling 2
Laser cutting for name plate 7
Transformer coil winding machine 2
Manual solder 10
Production Equipment
Automatic soldering system 3

Solder paste inspection system 3
Cutting machine 3
Reflector machinery 2
Bending machinery 3
Piercing machinery 3
Drilling machinery 3
Powder coating system 3
Dialux/ Solitwork Software 2
Glass blowing machinery 1
Stem machine 1
3D printing system 1
Base (n) = 20 respondents
Figure 2.4 Production Tools
39
The local industry still relies on imported components, as shown in Figure 2.5. 66.7% of
respondents import LED chips and assemble them onto a printed circuit board (PCB). Other
respondents import LED plates (i.e., PCBs that have LED chips installed). Most industries
already use local PCBs, but two industries still import PCBs, especially double-layer PCBs.
In addition, most industries still import lamp drivers, and only six industries import driver
components and later assemble them in Indonesia. Although local industries can produce
housing (housing) and lamp lenses (diffuser), some still import these two products. Import
decisions take into account economies of scale for own production. For example,
manufacturing the bulb housings in plastic injection machines has material losses, so
producing the housings in small volumes will have higher costs. Likewise, six industries
argue that import prices of the base cap component are lower than producing or buying
them domestically.
Number of Manufacturers
LED chip 16
Imported Components
LED module 8
Driver 17
Component for driver 6
Housing 6
Lens 12
PCB 2
Base cap 6
SPD 11
Figure 2.5 Imported components/parts
Most components can be made or assembled domestically, such as base cap (i.e., fitting),
lamp housing, heatsink inside the housing, driver, driver components, diffuser, PCB,
thermal transfer pad, and LED plates. However, many industries still import these
components due to price considerations. The results of the ADLIGHT survey suggest
several revisions to industrial trees made by the Ministry of Industry, as shown in Figure 2.6
for LED bulbs and Figure 2.7 for street lights. The revision in Figure 2.6 breaks the LED
40
module into three parts, namely the LED chip, PCB, and LED plate, and breaks down the
LED driver into drivers and driver components. Industri can assemble LED plates and
drivers domestically because 6 LED lamp industries have SMT machines to attach LED chips
on PCB. Industries without SMT machines have bought LED plates and drivers from other
local industries that have SMT machines.
At least the street light technology consists of components in Figure 2.7, i.e., a driver, SPD,
reflector/lens, LED plate, housing, and bracket. Materials for driver components, SPD, and
LED plates are from import. Components made domestically are reflectors, housings, and
brackets. LKPP [8] noted that the TKDN of street lights reached 69%, with an average of
17.8%, as shown in Figure 2.8. About 332 street lights have 0% TKDN, but LKPP assured
that those street lights are local products. Those street light industries neither registered
the TKDN certificate nor entered TKDN values into the Electronic Catalog application.
Ministry of Industry Survey Result of ADLIGHT
Figure 2.6 The industrial tree of LED bulbs
41
Figure 2.7 The industrial tree of LED street lights
Source: LKPP [8]
Figure2.8 TKDN of LED street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog
Technologies of LED chips, drivers, and housings for street lights listed in the LKPP
Electronic Catalog are diverse, as shown in Figures 2.9, 2.10, and 2.11 [8]. The most widely
used LED chip technologies are Lumiled (169 lamps), Osram (110 lamps), Phillips (69
42
lamps), Samsung (63 lamps), and Cree (62 lamps), as shown in Figure 2.9. The common
brands for drivers are Inventronic (174 lamps), Panasonic (152 lamps), and Meanwell (130
lamps), as shown in Figure 2.10. Figure 2.11 shows that 68.7% of street lights in LKPP [8]
have die-casting type housings. The number of street lights with aluminum housings
consists of 71 types of pure aluminum, 50 types of aluminum alloy, 8 types of high purity
aluminum, and 32 types of aluminum combined with die-cast as accessories.
Epistar; 4 SZ-TYF; 7 Seoul; 10 LG Innotek; 29

Nichia; 39
Lumiled; 169
Bridgelux; 47
Luxeon; 56
Osram; 110 Cree; 62
Samsung; 63
Philips; 69
Base (n) : 665 lamps; Source: LKPP [8]
Figure 2.9 LED chip brands used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog
43
Delta; 6 Platinum; 8 Moso; 10
Done-DL; 4 Light+; 4 Nikkon; 10
Osram; 17
Eyelit; 24
Inventronic; 174
Sosen; 24
Hori; 25
Phillips; 77
Panasonic; 152
Meanwell; 130
Figure 2.10 LED driver brands used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog
aluminum; 71
aluminum (High
Purity); 8
Aluminum alloy;
50
Alumunium
Extrusion & Die
Cast; 32
Die Cast (High

Pressure); 47
Die Casting; 457
Figure 2.11 The types of housing used by street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog
44
The main production costs of LED bulbs are for the LED chip, PCB, housing, cover, and base
cap, which are between 37% to 76% with an average value of 54% of the total cost, as shown
in Figure 2.12. The cost breakdown is 9% - 27% for the housing, 16% - 49% for the LED chip
and PCB, 2% - 3% for the base cap, and 9% for the cover. The second highest cost is for the
driver, packaging, and other components, around 30% on average. The cost of the driver
itself is around 23% - 36% of the total production costs. The labor cost range from 8% - 27%,
with an average of 16% of total production costs.
The driver and SPD components are the main component costs in LED street lights, as
shown in Figure 2.13. The driver price is around 16% - 40% of the production costs, while
the SPD price is around 4.5% - 21%. The combined price of these two components is
equivalent to 19.6% - 40%, with an average of 30.3% of the total production costs. The
following highest average costs were for housing (28.2%), LED chip, PCB and lens (19.5%),
and labor (14%). The price of the LED chip is about 11% of the total production cost, and
the lens price is between 2% - 7% of the total production cost. In addition to these costs,
the production process of street lights also requires other costs such as cables, connectors,
and other supporting equipment. These other costs are equivalent to 6% of the total
production costs on average.
76
54
51
%
37
30
27
16 16
8
Manpower LED chip, PCB, housing, Driver, packaging, & other

base cap, & cover components
Average
Base (n) = 5 respondents.
Figure 2.12 The production cost structure of LED bulbs
45
40,0 40,0
35,7
29,0 30,3
28,2
25,0
%
19,0 19,5 19,6

14,0
10,0
8,1
5,0
-
Manpower Housing LED chip, PCB, & Driver & SPD Other costs
lens/ cover
Average
Figure 2.13 The production cost structure of LED street lights
46
3. QUALITY AND PRICE OF
LAMPS IN INDONESIA
47
3.1. Efficacy
Local LED lamps have better efficacy than imported LED lamps circulating in Indonesia.
Data of CLASP and PwC [1] show that the average efficacy of local LED bulbs is 93 lm/W,
which is higher than the average efficacy of imported LED bulbs (89 lm/W) as shown in
Figure 3.1. As a note, CLASP and PwC [1] data were data stated on the markings of the
packaging. The stated value is reliable because, based on the suitability test of 102 LED
lamp models by ADLIGHT [9], the deviation of stated and measured light intensity in 71%
of measured lamps was less than 20%. Figure 3.2 shows the efficacy of the measurement
results by ADLIGHT [9] in 2021. The efficacy of local lamps ranges between 53.8 lm/W to
198.6 lm/W with an average value of 110 lm/W.
140
120
100
Efficacy (lm/W)
80
60
40
20
-
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Power (W)
Local Import
Source: CLASP and PwC [1]; n = 42 local lamps and 33 imported lamps
Figure 3.1 Efficacy listed from local and imported LED bulbs
48
200,0
180,0
160,0
140,0
120,0
Efficacy (lm/W)
100,0
80,0
60,0
40,0
20,0
0,0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Power (W)
Source: ADLIGHT [9]; n = 95 local lamps
Figure 3.2 Local LED bulb efficacy measurement results
Furthermore, CLASP and PwC [1] data show that local LED tube lights have better efficacy
than imported LED tube lights with an average efficacy of 103 lm/W and 91 lm/W,
respectively, as shown in Figure 3.3. Data in Figure 3.3 are quite accurate because the
measurements by ADLIGHT [9] obtained that the average ratio of the actual data and stated
information is about 0.98. Figure 3.4 shows that the results of the efficacy measurement are
within the range of stated efficacy, i.e., 80.6 lm/W to 123.3 lm/W, with an average efficacy
of 104.3 lm/W.
Related to LED bulbs and LED tube lamps, the measurement data of ADLIGHT [9] is
relatively the same as the stated data. Therefore, efficacy survey data from CLASP and PwC
[1] is trustworthy. CLASP and PwC [1] data show that the average efficacy values of other
local LED lamps are also high, i.e., 98 lm/W for downlights (Figure 3.5), 97 lm/W for
floodlights (Figure 3.6), and high bay (Figure 3.7). In contrast, the average efficacy values
of other imported LED lamps are 86 lm/W for downlights (Figure 3.5), 88 lm/W for
floodlights (Figure 3.6), and 104 lm/W for high bay (Figure 3.7).
49
180
160
140
Efficacy (lm/W)
120
100
80
60
40
20
-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.3 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED tube lights
140
120
100
Efficacy (lm/W)
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Power (W)
Figure 3.4 Measured efficacy of local LED tube lights
50
180
160
140
Efficacy (lm/W)
120
100
80
60
40
20
-
0 50 100 150 200
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.5 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED downlights
160
140
120
Efficacy (lm/W)
100
80
60
40
20
-
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.6 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED floodlights
51
160
140
120
Efficacy (lm/W)
100
80
60
40
20
-
0 50 100 150 200 250
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.7 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED high bay
In general, the efficacy of local street lights can compete with imported street lights, as
shown in Figure 3.8. Survey data of CLASP and PwC [1] show that, on average, local street
lights have an efficacy of 106 lm/W while imported street lights have an efficacy of 122
lm/W. The efficacy of LED street lights in the Electronic Catalog [8] ranges from 81 lm/W to
212 lm/W with an average of 140 lm/W. Survey data of CLASP and PwC [1] are relatively
similar to the measurement data of ADLIGHT [9]. The average measured efficacies of 58
local street lights and high bay lamps are 113 lm/W, as shown in Figure 3.9.
52
250
200
Efficacy (lm/W)
150
100
50
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Power (W)
LKPP Local-CLASP Import-CLASP
Source: LKPP [8]: n = 664 lamps; CLASP and PwC [1]: n = 48 local lamps, and 9 imported lamps.
Figure 3.8 Stated efficacy of local and imported LED street lights
180
160
140
120
Efficacy (lm/W)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Power (W)
Figure 3.9 Measured efficacies of local street lights and high bay
53
3.2. Lifespan
Survey results of CLASP and PwC [1] show that, on average, local LED lamp industries state
a longer lifespan than that of imported LED lamps. In Figure 3.10, the lifespan of local LED
bulbs reaches 40,000 hours with an average value of 20,000 hours. For comparison, the
lifespan of imported LED bulbs is 15,000 hours on average and 30,000 hours at most. Local
LED tube lights also have a higher average lifespan of 37,000 hours than the average
lifespan of imported LED tube lights, i.e., 27,000 hours (Figure 3.11).
Other LED lamps also have a better average life[1]. The average lifespans for local and
imported LED downlights are 36,000 hours and 29,000 hours, respectively, as shown in
Figure 3.12. Local LED floodlights have a lifespan between 20,000 to 50,000 hours with an
average of 40,000 hours (Figure 3.13). On the other hand, the lifespan range of imported
LED floodlights is around 25,000 to 50,000 hours, with an average of 35,000 hours. In
Figure 3.14, the average lifespans of local and imported high bays are 38,000 hours and
33,000 hours, respectively.
45000
40000
35000
Lifespan (hours)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.10 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED bulbs
54
60000
50000
Lifespan (hours)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.11 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED tube lights
70000
60000
50000
Lifespan (hours)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 50 100 150
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.12 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED downlights
55
60000
50000
Lifespan (hours)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.13 The stated lifespan of local and imported LED floodlights
60000
50000
Lifespan (hours)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.14 The stated lifespan of local and imported high bays
56
Most local street lights have a lifespan of around 50,000 hours, as shown in Figure 3.15. The
lowest lifespan is 25,000 hours, and the average is 44,000 hours. Imported street lights have
a lifespan of between 15,000 to 45,000 hours with an average of 27,000 hours. With such a
high lifespan, local street light industries generally provide a five-year warranty, and, at
most, several industries may give a six-year warranty, as shown in Figure 3.16.
60000
50000
Lifespan (hours)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Power (W)
Local Import
Figure 3.15 The stated lifespan of the local and imported street lights
Source: LKPP [8]; n = 665 lamps
Figure 3.16 The warranty of LED street lights at the LKPP Electronic Catalog.
57
3.3. Power Factor
The quality of the power factor of local LED lamps is quite diverse, as shown in Figures 3.17,
3.18, and 3.19. Measurement results by ADLIGHT [9] in Figure 3.17 show that a local LED
bulb has a low power factor (i.e., 0.09), but some bulbs have a power factor of 0.96. The
average measured power factor of the 120 local LED bulbs is around 0.52. The LED tube
lights also have a low average power factor of 0.6 from sampled 15 lamps. The power
factors of the sample range from 0.33 to 0.95, as shown in Figure 3.18.
The measured power factors of LED street lights and high bay vary from 0.38 to 0.99, as
shown in Figure 3.19. The average power factor of the 58 samples is 0.94. The
measurement results are similar to the average power factor data of 665 street lights in the
Electronic Catalog [8], equal to 0.9. Figure 3.20 shows that the most common power factors
for street lights in the Electronics Catalog [8] are around 0.85 to 0.9. Another typical power
factor range is 0.95 to 1, found on 233 street lights.
1,1
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,7
Power Factor
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Power (W)
Figure 3.17 The measurement results of power factor of local LED bulbs
58
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
Power Factor
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Power (W)
Figure 3.18 The measurement results of power factor of local LED tube lights
1,2
1,0
0,8
Power Factor
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Power (W)
Figure 3.19 The power factor measurement results of local street lights and high bay
59
Source: LKPP [8]; n = 665 lamps
Figure 3.20 The capacity factor of LED street lights in the LKPP Electronic Catalog
3.4. Standardization
Most surveyed industries have implemented a management system, as shown in Figure

3.21. Industries applying the ISO 9001:2008 quality management system and the ISO
14001:2004 environmental management system are 21 and 15 industries, respectively. 11
industries implement occupational health and safety (K3) management systems, i.e.,
OHSAS 18001 and ISO 45001. Seven industries also comply with the national standard for
LED lamp safety (i.e., SNI IEC 62560:2015). In Figure 3.22, industries for street lights and
other LED-based luminaires have obeyed various standards requested in government
procurement, i.e., SNI IEC 60598-1:2016 (16 industries), photometric measurement test
results (7 industries), total harmonic distortion standard (THD) (9 industries), and
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards (8 industries). The website for goods
complying with the national standard [10] records that at least 52 local LED bulbs have SNI
IEC 62560:2015 [11] as in Figure 3.23. The number of local LED bulbs with SNI IEC
62560:2015 is potentially higher because not all industries report their lamps with SNI to
the website, managed BSN [10]. Moreover, the website shows LED bulbs with SNI 04-6504-
2001 [12], the safety standard for CFLs. This condition may occur due to an error in inputting
60
the SNI number and incorrect use of the SNI. BSN cannot verify each case because BSN
only inputs data from Product Certification Agencies and industries into the website.
Number of Industry
Quality Management (ISO 9001:2008) 21

Name of System
Environment Management (ISO

15
14001:2004)
Safety Management (OHSAS 18001:2007

11
atau ISO 45001:2018)
Figure 3.21 Management system applied by local industries
Number of Industry
LED swa-balast Safety (SNI IEC

7
62650:2015)
Name of Standard
Luminer Safety(SNI IEC 60598-1:2016) 16
Photometric Measurement (IES LM 79-08) 7
Total Harmonic Distortion (IEC 61000-3-2:

9
2014)
Electro Magnetic Compatibility (CISPR
8
15:2103+A1:2015)
Figure 3.22 Test standards used by local industries
61
Imported SNI IEC 62560:2015 Local lamps,
lamps, 54 52
Source: BSN [10]
Figure 3.23 Number of LED bulbs complying with SNI IEC 62560:2015
3.5. Price
Imported LED lamps generally come from China, and the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area
(ACFTA) agreement imposes zero import duty on those imported LED lamps. On the other
hand, imports of raw material components are subject to import duties whose values vary
unless imports use a Certificate of Origin form E. Other factors determining prices are labor,
income taxes, factory operating costs, and investment costs. As a result, the entire surveyed
industries stated that their production costs were not competitive compared to the price of
imported lamps. However, Figure 3.24 shows that local LED bulb prices are generally
cheaper than imported LED bulbs. The prices of local LED bulbs range from IDR 556 /W to
IDR 15,500 /W, with an average price of IDR 3,972 /W. The price units of imported LED
bulbs range from IDR 831 to 35,800 /W, with an average of IDR 8,264 /W. Data for imported
LED bulbs are from CLASP and PwC [1], conducting market surveys to electrical shops,
building shops, mini markets, supermarkets, traditional markets, and online markets.
Meanwhile, data for local LED bulbs were from lamps sold in the online market, so prices
for local LED bulbs in Figure 3.24 are competitive.
62
40.000
35.000
Price unit (IDR/W)
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power (W)
Import Local
n = 200 local lamps and 522 imported lamps. Source: Prices of imported lamps using data CLASP
and PwC [1]; local lamp prices based on price surveys in the online market.
Figure 3.24 Unit prices for local and imported LED bulbs
The price unit of LED tube lights is more expensive than LED bulbs. Figure 3.25 shows that
the lowest price unit of local LED tube lights is IDR 1,250 /W, and the highest price unit is
IDR 50,160 /W. The smart feature and brand influence the price unit. On average, an LED
tube light price is IDR 7,395 /W.
60.000
Price Unit (IDR/W)
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
-
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Power (W)
n = 38 lamps
Figure 3.25 Unit prices of local LED tube lights
63
Compared to LED bulbs and tube lights, the LED floodlights have a higher price unit for
IDR 27,274 /W, as shown in Figure 3.26. The price unit of LED floodlights ranges from IDR
4,725 /W to 78,956 /W for surveyed 59 lamps.
90.000
80.000
Price Unit (IDR/W)
70.000
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
-
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Power (W)
n = 59 lamps
Figure 3.26 The unit price of local LED floodlights
The prices for LED panel lamps, downlights, and post-top LED lamps are in Figure 3.27.
The price of LED panel lamps ranges from IDR 4,767 to 330,221 per watt, while the price of
LED downlights ranges from IDR 9,100 to 9,500 per watt. The post-top type has a higher
price between IDR 95,099 and 167,893 per watt. The average price for LED lamps in Figure
3.27 is IDR 11,342 /W for LED panel lamps, IDR 9,300 /W for LED downlights, and IDR
128,515 /W for post-top lamps.
The prices of LED street lights in Figure 3.28 have a wide range from IDR 4,767 /W to IDR
218,725 /W. This range includes prices of street lights with smart technology, i.e., remote
monitoring and reporting technology. The average price of 292 models of LED street lights
is IDR 68,883 /W.
64
180.000
160.000
Price unit (IDR/W)
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
-
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Daya (W)
Panel Lamp Downlight Post top
n = 19-panel lamps, two downlights, and 4 top post lamps
Figure 3.27 Unit prices for LED lamps type panel, downlights, and post-top
250.000
Price Unit (IDR/W)
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
-
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Power (W)
n = 292 lamps
Figure 3.28 The price unit of local street lights
65
4. POLICY ACTION PLANS
66
4.1. Challenges Hindering Local Lamp Industries
Local industries feel that current policies do not support them. The government often
provides facilities for importing finished products, such as import duty exemption and using
specifications of imported lamps for public procurement. Industries discern that
government supports are only for free certifications for SNI and TKDN. The ACFTA
agreement has exempted import duties on lamp components if industries use form E.
However, the ACFTA agreement also dismisses the import duty on LED lamps. Local lamp
industries cannot compete with the prices of imported lamps even though the industries
have used various strategies. Local industries have costs not borne by importers, such as
investment costs, labor, and warehouse rentals. Importers may avoid the warehouse rental
cost by directly distributing the imported lamps to retailers who can pay later.
Therefore, in Figure 4.1, 15 out of 24 respondents expect stricter import measures. The
industries suspect that illegal CFL without SNI enters Indonesia through hundreds of
informal and unmonitored ports. The implementation of import measures will increase
lamp prices in the short term, but it will reduce the production costs of local lamps in the
long term. The industry proposes the following import measures:
a. Higher import duties.

b. The obligation to build factories if an industry wants to sell lamps in Indonesia.
c. The mandatory SNI and a subsidy of the SNI certification cost for local industries.
d. Supervision of imported lamps to meet the mandatory SNI. In the experience of
mandatory SNI for CFLs, the industry found many imported CFLs without SNI in the
market. Therefore, the industries expect stronger regulations to protect the market
from illegally imported lamps.
Several industries expect the existing standard requirements to be strengthened, especially

safety, performance, and EMC standards. Apart from as an import measure, applying these
standards also protects consumers. Regarding lamp performance, one industry proposes
the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) of 120 lm/W to ensure high-quality
lamps distributed in Indonesia. Apart from being an import measure, applying these
standards will also protect consumers.
67
Number of Industry
Import measures 15
Proposed Policy
Strengthening the Standards 9

Simplify the process and lower the cost of
testing/certification
6
The obligation to use domestic LED lights 14
Upstream industry development 8

Related to LKPP dan Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources
9
Low-cost funding 3
National die cast housing 1
Related to PPP 5
Other policies 10

Figure 4.1 Policy proposals from local industries
However, not all industries and associations agree on the mandatory SNI, as shown in
Figure 4.2. Industries rejecting the mandatory SNI have three reasons: rapid changes in
lamp models, supervision only harming domestic industries, and reduced competitiveness
of local industries. The LED lamp model can change every 6 to 8 months following the
demand trend in the market. As a result, the industry must bear the certification cost, which
is quite expensive while sales are insignificant. The circulated lamps in the retail market do
not run out in two years, while the SNI certificate has validity. Meanwhile, the recall of the
unsold lamp incurs transportation costs and compensation costs to retailers.
On the other hand, industries supporting the mandatory SNI view that the SNI certificate
will increase their lamp quality credibility and, in the end, increase the sales volume. The
mandatory SNI will reduce the price gap between high-quality and low-quality lamps so the
industries can compete fairly. Those industries hope that the mandatory SNI is
accompanied by strict import supervision because importers often change their lamp
models/types but do not re-certificate their new lamps. Six industries expect the
government to simplify and limit the certification costs for SNI, MEPS, and other permits.
Moreover, several industries also expect free certification programs.
68
Mandatory Safety Number of Industry
Standard
Agree 15 8
Disagree 1 2
Non-Bulb Lamp Industry Bulb Lamp Industry
Figure 4.2 Opinions on the mandatory safety SNI
Fourteen industries expect the government to create a local LED market, such as replacing
conventional lamps with LED lamps in government institutions, hospitals, State-owned
enterprises (SOEs), and local government-owned enterprises. Moreover, industries also
expect the government to mandate using local lamps when issuing the Building Approvals
(PBG) for apartments, malls, and other new buildings. The policy should be accompanied
by applying SNI and TKDN requirements on lamp procurement.
Implementing the TKDN policy for lamps is feasible due to supporting industries in the
country. Indonesia already has industries for die-cast molding and plastic injections.
Indonesia still does not have LED chips and other semiconductors manufacturers since
Sharp Indonesia closed its semiconductor factory. Eight industries expected investments in
upstream lamp industries such as semiconductors. Currently, industries have difficulty
getting semiconductors supplies. Moreover, relying on imported semiconductors is
vulnerable to import blockades and rising exchange rates.
Two industries expect low-cost funding for new product development investments. The
industries have difficulty getting loans from conventional banks during the Covid-19
pandemic even though the loans will be used to finance government projects. One industry
explained that Bank Indonesia had cut its benchmark interest rate to 3.5% per year, but
conventional banks still set high-interest rates in practice. In comparison, the loan interest
rate in China has been around 4.35% per annum since 2015 [13].
Another support needed is the easy and simple access to services and consultations with
government agencies. The association already has this role, but the industry hoped to
69
directly consult regulatory issues with relevant institutions. One industry proposed national
component research to increase TKDN, such as a national die-cast for street light housing.
However, not all respondents welcomed the proposal. Other industries think that the
national die-cast can cause business competition conflicts, and each industry has different
housing designs. Therefore, one industry suggested that the government only need to set
a standard for housing to be followed by all industries. Regarding PPPs, five industries
expected a simplification of the PPP procurement mechanism and the requirements to
establish new business entities.
Formulating action plans to resolve the challenges faced by the industry is carried out in 3
stages. The first stage is to present the challenges at one-on-one meetings with the
following 11 ministries, agencies, and professional associations:
a. Ministry of Industry.
b. Ministry of Trade.
c. Ministry of Finance.
d. Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment.
e. Minister For Public Works and Housing.
f. Ministry of Transportation.
g. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
h. Ministry of Internal Affairs.
i. National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP).
j. Association of Indonesian Electrical Experts (HAEI).
k. Indonesian Illumination Engineering Association (HTII).
The second stage discussed proposed policy options from the one-on-one meeting with
lamp industries and their associations. The proposed policy options are then divided into
short, medium, and long-term action plans based on the priority needs of industries. The
third stage finalized the roadmap concept, especially the action plans, with all parties
simultaneously.
4.2. Legal Basis
The formulation of policy interventions takes into account the existing legal basis as follows:
70
a. Law Number 6 of 1994 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change [14].
b. Law Number 7 of 1994 concerning Ratification of the Agreement Establishing the
World Trade Organization [15].
c. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection [16].
d. Law Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy [17].
e. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management [18].
f. Law Number 3 of 2014 concerning Industry [19].
g. Law Number 16 of 2016 concerning Ratification of the Paris Agreement to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [20].
h. Law Number 11 of 2017 concerning Ratification of the Minamata Convention on
Mercury [21].
i. Government Regulation Number 58 of 2001 concerning the Guidance and
Supervision of the Implementation of Consumer Protection [22].
j. Government Regulation Number 70 of 2009 concerning Energy Conservation [23].
k. Government Regulation Number 79 of 2014 concerning National Energy Policy (KEN)
[24].
l. Government Regulation Number 2 of 2017 concerning the Development of Industrial
Facilities and Infrastructure [25].
m. Government Regulation Number 29 of 2018 concerning Industrial Empowerment
[26].
n. Government Regulation Number 45 of 2019 concerning Amendments to
Government Regulation Number 94 of 2010 concerning Calculation of Taxable
Income and Payment of Income Tax in the Current Year.
o. Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2010 concerning Ratification of the Agreement
on the ASEAN Harmonized Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulatory Regime
[27].
p. Presidential Regulation Number 61 of 2011 concerning the National Action Plan for
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions [28].
q. Presidential Regulation Number 38 of 2015 concerning Government Cooperation
with Business Entities in the Provision of Infrastructure [29].
r. Presidential Regulation Number 22 of 2017 concerning the General National Energy
Plan [30].
71
s. Presidential Regulation Number 47 of 2017 concerning Provision of Energy-Efficient
Solar Lamps (LTSHE) for Communities Who Have Not Obtained Access to Electricity
[31].
t. Presidential Regulation Number 21 of 2019 concerning the National Action Plan for
Mercury Reduction and Elimination.
u. Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Presidential
Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of
Goods/Services [2].
v. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 18 of 2014
concerning Affixing Energy Saving Sign Labels for Self-Based Lamps [32].
w. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 33 of 2017
concerning Procedures for Providing Energy-Efficient Solar Lamps for People Who
Have Not yet Accessed Electricity [33].
x. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 5 of 2018
concerning Amendments to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral
Resources Number 33 of 2017 concerning Procedures for Providing Energy-Efficient
Solar Lamps for People Who Have Not Accessed Electricity [34].
y. Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 27 of 2018 concerning Road
Lamp Equipment [35].
z. Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade Number 337/MPP/Kep/11/2001
concerning the Compulsory Application of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for
Self-Ballast Lamps for General Lamp-Safety Requirements (SNI 04-6504-2001 and its
Revisions) [36] and Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade Number
442/MPP/Kep/5/2002 concerning Amendment to Decree of the Minister of Industry
and Trade Number 337/MPP/Kep/11/2001 [37].
aa. Regulation of the Minister of Industry Number 51/M-IND/PER/3/2012 concerning
Procedures for Recognition of Certification of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Products from Conformity Assessment Agencies in ASEAN Countries [38].
bb. Regulation of the Minister of Industry Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Strategic
Plan of the Ministry of Industry for the Year 2020-2024 [39].
cc. Regulation of the Minister of Industry Number 22 of 2020 concerning Provisions and
Procedures for Calculation of the Value of Domestic Component Levels for Electronic
and Telematics Products [40].
dd. Minister of Finance Regulation 153 of 2020 concerning Provision of Gross Income
Reductions for Certain Research and Development Activities in Indonesia.
72
ee. Decree of the Head of Bappenas Number 2 of 2020 concerning Amendments to the
Regulation of the Minister of National Development Planning/Head of the National
Development Planning Agency Number 4 of 2015 concerning Procedures for
Implementing Government Cooperation with Business Entities in Infrastructure
Provision [41].
ff. Regulation of the National Standardization Agency (BSN) Number 7 of 2020
concerning Procedures for Compulsory Implementation of Indonesian National
Standards [42].
4.3. Short Term Action Plan
The short-term action plan consists of 4 independent action plans and one integrated
action plan, as shown in Table 4.1. The action plan has three objectives: environmental
protection, increasing local light market share, as well as increasing TKDN and gender
equality. The first independent action plan is import governance for LED lamps with
Harmonized System (HS) code as follows:
• 8539.50.00: Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps;

• 9405.10.91: Spotlights;
• 9405.10.92: Fluorescent lamps and lighting fittings
• 9405.20.90: Others;
• 9405.30.00: Lighting sets of a kind used for Christmas trees;
• 9405.40.40: Other spotlights;
• 9405.40.50: Other, of a kind used for lamp public open spaces or thoroughfares;
• 9405.40.60: Another exterior lighting.
73
Table 4.1 Short Term Action Plan (2022 – 2025)
Ministry of
Ministry of
Energy and Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Action plans Environment LKPP ADLIGHT BRIN
Mineral Industry Finance WECP
and Forestry
Resources
MEPS 80 lm/W for bulbs, 90 lm/W for tube lights, and 2022
120 lm/W for street lights.
Phasing out lamps that contain mercury in government 2022
agencies and SOEs buildings.
Lamp waste disposal regulation. 2023
Import Management (HS Code: 8539.50.00; 9405.10.91;
9405.10.92; 9405.20.90; 94053000; 9405.40.40; 2022
9405.40.50; 9405.40.60).
Prototyping non-street lights meet the national safety
standard and MEPS with minimum TKDN and BMP of 2022
40%.
An obligation of government agencies and SOEs to use
local lights (TKDN and BMP at least 40%) that meet the 2023
national safety standard and MEPS.
The LKPP Electronic Catalogue contains local non-street
2023
lights that meet the national safety standard and MEPS.
Disseminations of local lamp brands (TKDN and BMP at
2023
least 40%) that the national safety standard and MEPS.
TKDN ENHANCEMENT
Research and development of national molding and 2023
drivers for street lights. 2024
Providing super deduction tax for lamp industries that
2025
conducts research
GENDER EQUALITY
A guideline for gender mainstreaming in the lamp
2023
industry.
74
In 2015, LED lamps were included in 32 deregulations giving the high opportunity for
importing finished goods. The regular import duty for LED lamps is already low at 5%
because LED lamps are environmental goods. The Most Favored Nation (MSN) tariff applies
to countries with no cooperation. Meanwhile, import duties from countries with
cooperation refer to preferential tariffs. In the ACFTA cooperation, the import duty for raw
materials is 0% if using Certificate of Origin Service - Form E, and the import duty for whole
lamps is 0%. Raising preferential tariffs in ACFTA requires a mutual agreement with all
ASEAN countries and China. Other than that, Regulation of the Minister of Trade 28/2020
concerning the Eighth Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number
87/M-DAG/PER/10/2015 concerning Provisions for the Import of Certain Products is an
economic policy package that simplifies imports of finished goods. The regulation
facilitates the import of LED lamps by inspecting imported lamps at the post border by the
Ministry of Trade instead of the Directorate General of Customs, Ministry of Finance.
Surveyors only record imports of LED lamps. The regulation applies to finished goods
entering 12 seaports, five airports, and a border station.
However, import policy is dynamic so that the government can tighten or relax imports. The
Ministry of Industry proposes import governance to change the inspection of imported
lamps from post-border to the border. This governance will impact the import
requirements for LED lamps, which are now surveyor reports to become Import Approval
(PI) by considering lamp import surge data.
The second to third independent action plans are related to increasing TKDN through
research on LED lamp components, especially street lights. The second separate action
plan is to conduct research collaborations between industrial associations and BRIN or
universities to produce national housing molding and drivers for street lights. The research
aims to produce high-quality national products managed by associations and used by all
industries. The initial funding sources are LPDP research funds and the BRIN budget. For
further research, industrial associations should use profits from the commercialization of
previous research results.
The third independent action plan is to provide tax incentives for lamp industries
conducting research. Tax reduction or super deduction tax for research has been regulated
in Minister of Finance Regulation Number 153/PMK.010/2020 concerning Provision of
Gross Income Reduction for Certain Research and Development Activities in Indonesia [43].
75
Gross income is deducted by 100% of research costs incurred. The gross income will be
reduced again by 200% with the following conditions:
• An additional 50% reduction if a patent is registered at the patent office in

Indonesia;
• An additional 25% reduction if it also produces a patent registered at an
international patent office;
• Additional 100% reduction if research results reach the commercialization stage;
and
• An additional 25% reduction if the patent reaches the commercialization stage and
is carried out in collaboration with government research institutions or higher
education institutions in Indonesia.
The application of the super deduction tax incentives for research should be submitted to
the Electronically Integrated Business Licensing application or the Online Single
Submission (OSS). Submitted documents include proposals, fiscal certificates, and research
expense reports.
The fourth independent action plan is to develop a gender mainstreaming guide in the
lamp industry by the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (WECP). This
gender equality action plan is an implementation of Law 7/1984 [44], Law 17/2007 [45],
Presidential Regulation 59/2017 [46], and Presidential Regulation 18/2020 [47]. These
regulations stipulate that economic development needs to be accompanied by equally
improving the quality of human resources, both men and women. Therefore, the
government has implemented gender mainstreaming in various sectors, such as budgeting
[48, 49] and work programs in several ministries/ agencies [50-53]. Likewise, the lamp
sector is related to gender issues from the production stage (e.g., equal employment
opportunities for female and male workers) until the consumer side (e.g., children and
housewives who are mostly affected by lightings at home). For this reason, the Ministry of
WECP with ADLIGHT facilities will prepare a gender mainstreaming guideline for the lamp
industry.
The integrated action plan in Table 4.1 aims to create a local lamp market in government
institutions and state-owned enterprises. Instructions to use local lamps in the procurement
of goods and services in the government are allowed because it is not yet bound by an
agreement at the World Trade Organization (WTO). All lamp industries, ministries,
76
agencies, and associations, who attended the Finalization FGD, agreed on this action plan
as the primary policy. Local industries are willing to produce high-quality LED lamps, but it
is burdened by the low- and unstable demands of local lamps. Local industries expect a
definite and sustainable market from government projects. The demand for lamps in
government projects is quite remarkable, including:
a. The Directorate General of EBTKE procures LED lamps every year for three projects,
i.e., solar-powered street lights, LTSHE, and APDAL-IRAS. The number of solar-
powered street lights procurements is around 19 to 20 thousand units/year. The
Directorate General of EBTKE has also retrofitted lights in Islamic boarding schools
in 2019, but this activity only runs for one year. LED lamps for solar-powered street
lights and LTSHE must have SNI and a certificate of TKDN and BMP of at least 40%.
The mandatory SNI is regulated in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation Number 2 of 2018 concerning the Compulsory Enforcement of
Indonesian National Standards in the Electricity Sector [54]. LED lamps for APDAL –
IRAS are not required to have SNI, but the winning bidder already has SNI for the
supplied LED lamps. The LED lamps used are direct current (DC) types that are not
produced domestically, so they are imported (0% TKDN). The DC LED lamps will be
for 36 thousand residentials in 285 villages. Each residential receives three lamp
units, so that the total procured lamps are 36,000 units.
b. Another market for local LED lamps is toll roads that reach 2,430 km in length
throughout Indonesia. The additional length of the toll road until 2024 is about
2,000 km. Street lights for toll roads must be installed at gates, accesses, tunnels,
rest areas, interchanges, and main roads. However, BPJT does not issue mandatory
directives to use local LED street lights. Even so, toll road operators are already
aware of the benefits of LED street lights so that most operators of toll roads already
use LED street lights, reaching 84.4% of total street lights on toll roads. BPJT cannot
impose on existing operators to use local street lights if the price is higher than
imported street lights. However, BPJT can mandate to use local LED lamps for all
new toll roads under the planning process.
c. On the other hand, the Directorate of Toll Road, Directorate General of Highways –
Ministry of Public Works and Housing has encouraged toll road operators to use
local LED lamps. On August 9, 2021, the Director of Toll Road issued a Circular to
use the local street lights. Nevertheless, implementing the Circular mentioned
77
should also consider quality, competitive prices, after-sales service, and the
proximity of manufacturers to toll roads to minimize shipping costs.
d. The Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Transportation states that the street light
procurement will be 2,500 units in 2022. Another potential market for local street
lights is in Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2018 concerning the
Transportation Master Plan for Jakarta, Bogor, Depok Tangerang, and Bekasi for
2018 – 2019 [55].
e. The existence of the LKPP E-Catalog has boosted the sale of local street lights. Street
light demand in the E-Catalog reached IDR 1 trillion in 2020. LKPP does not prohibit
imported products, but the electronic catalog display products with a TKDN
certificate on the front page. In addition, the LKPP E-Catalog has pop-ups for local
products. Moreover, LKPP requires an Industrial Permit where only local industries
can have this permit. The E-catalog has 655 street lights from 34 industries. The 309
street light products have a TKDN certificate, but no product has a 100% TKDN.
f. The government has the PPP scheme to maintain a significant and sustainable street
light demands. PPP projects have been directed to use local lamps since the
planning stage.
g. An alternative to PPP is the bundling service or Service Level Agreement (SLA) for
street lights, whose regulations are prepared by the Ministry of Transportation. SLA
is similar to PPP with a period of three years or longer. The SLA scheme regulates
monthly payments for a street light operated at 18.00 to 05.30 with a minimum
efficacy of 100 lm/W and lifespan of 36,000 hours. If this requirement is not met, the
SLA payment is reduced. Moreover, the SLA will use local lamps only. SLA is
expected to solve issues on solar-powered street lights, which are often vandalized,
especially the theft of VRLA batteries. SLA can also solve the problem of unpaid
monthly electricity bills for street lights installed by the Ministry of Transportation.
Some local governments pay the bills, but many local governments do not pay it
because they view that street lights on national roads are the responsibility of the
Ministry of Transportation. The estimated SLA payment is around IDR 100 thousand
per day or almost IDR 5 million per year. SLA will use smart technology because the
payment will be based on the lighting service, so it needs sensors for continuous
measurement. Regional offices of the Ministry of Transportations are already using
smart street lights to monitor their street light conditions.
h. One potential market for non - street lights is the housing development project by
the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The Directorate General of Housing
78
builds 30% of the total houses built throughout Indonesia. The Directorate General
of Housing has a target for housing construction as stated in the RPJMN 2021 to
2024 for 51 thousand flats, 813 thousand house renovations, and 10 thousand
special housing units. All houses built by the Directorate General of Housing already
use LED lamps. The housing procurement process already uses local products, but
the Directorate General of Housing can only supervise the leading mechanical and
electrical (M&E) companies. In practice, these companies generally sub-contract
again to other smaller M&E companies.
Central and local governments have generally procured local street lights. Therefore, the
focus of the action plan in Table 4.1 is to replace energy-intensive or mercury-containing
lamps in government and BUMN buildings with high-efficiency local lamps. The action plan
requires an integrated policy from several ministries and agencies as follows:
a. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources will implement the MEPS
harmonization o in ASEAN of 80 lm/W for non- street lights and 130 lm/W for street
lights. The MEPS harmonization plan in ASEAN of 80 lm/W in 2023 will impact a
small number of local LED lamps. 14.3% of sampled local LED bulbs had efficacy
lower than the MEPS. The percentages of other local LED lamps with lower efficacy
than MEPS are 4.7% for tube lights, 33.3% for downlights, 27.8% for floodlights,
39.1% for high bay lights, and 10.4% for street lights. Most local lamp industries are
ready to support the MEPS harmonization, as shown in Figure 4.3.
Number of Industry
Agree 13 6
MEPS
Disagree 3 2
Non-Bulb Lamp Industry Bulb Lamp Industry
Figure 4.3 Industry opinion on MEPS harmonization in ASEAN
b. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry will issue a circular for ministries, agencies,
and SOEs to no longer use mercury-containing lamps. Phasing out the lamps has
79
become the government's plan, as stated in Law Number 11 of 2017 concerning the
Ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury [21].
c. Following the MEPS and phasing-out program, the Ministry of Environment and
Forestry will also prepare regulations for handling lamps and other electronic waste.
d. Together with lamp industries, the Ministry of Industry prepares local lamps that
satisfy MEPS, do not contain mercury, have a certificate of TKDN and BMP of at least
40%, and meet the safety SNI. Lamps prepared at least type of bulbs and tube lights.
After that, the Ministry of Industry will issue a circular to the central government
institutions, local governments, and state-owned enterprises to use these local
lamps. These circular letters have the following legal basis:
• Law Number 3 of 2014 concerning Industry [19].

• Government Regulation Number 29 of 2018 concerning Industrial
Empowerment [26].
• Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning Amendments to
Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Procurement of
Government Goods/Services [2].
• Presidential Decree Number 24 of 2018 concerning the National Team of
Increased Use of Domestic Production [56].
• Decree of the Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment
Number 84 of 2019 concerning the National Team Working Group of
Increased Use of Domestic Production [57].
• Regulation of the Minister of Industry 02/M-IND/PER/1/2014 concerning
Guidelines for the Use of Domestic Products in the Procurement of
Government Goods and Services [58].
The Ministry of Industry has sent a similar circular to use local street lights to the
Directorate General of EBTKE, Directorate General of Land Transportation, and the
Ministry of Public Works and Housing.
e. The ADLIGHT, together with the Ministry of Industry, will create a database of the
local LED lamps to be submitted to LKPP and request to add non- street lights on
the E-Catalog. Subsequently, industries will register their lamps to the E-Catalog.
ADLIGHT also needs to introduce these local LED lamps to the public, SOEs,
planning consultants, and contractor associations.
80
4.4. Medium Term Action Plan
The action plan in the medium term focuses on increasing the efficacy, market share, and
local concerns, as shown in Table 4.2. The first action plan is to increase MEPS by the
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to 130 lm/W for non- street lights and 180 lm/W
for street lights lamps. The MEPS increase considers the increasing efficacy trend of LED
lamp technology from 95 lm/W in 2016 to 169 lm/W in 2020 and is estimated to be 203
lm/W in 2025 [59]. The second action plan is the mandatory safety SNI by the Ministry of
Industry. All industries and their associations ideally support the policy because their
products for lamp replacement policy in the short term already have certificates of the
safety SNI and MEPS.
The third action plan is to expand the phasing-out policy for mercury-containing lamps in
all professional buildings. CLASP and PwC [1] projected that this condition would naturally
occur in 2029. To accelerate this condition in 2027, the Ministry of Environment and
Forestry should release a circular to prohibit the use of mercury-containing lamps. The
fourth action plan is that the Ministry of Public Works and Housing requests a commitment
from planning consultants and construction contractors to use local lamps that meet the
safety SNI and MEPS.
The next action plan is to increase the TKDN of local lamps. The fifth action plan is to use
research results in the short term, i.e., the massive usages of national housing molding and
drivers for street lights. The sixth action plan is to continue the research collaborations
between BRIN, industries, and their associations for SPD components in 2026. The seventh
action plan is the investment of LED chips and other semiconductor industries in 2029. This
action plan is according to the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Industry.
The Ministry of Finance has two incentive regulations to attract new investments in high-
efficiency lamps to support the seventh action plan. The first incentive is a tax holiday, in
which a reduction in corporate income tax can be granted for 5 to 20 years. Minister of
Finance Regulation No. 150/PMK.010/2018 concerning Provision of Corporate Income Tax
Reduction Facility [60] regulates corporate income tax deductions for 5 to 20 years
depending on the value of the investment. The tax holiday rules only apply to 18 pioneer
industries, and one of them is the manufacturing industry for the main components of
electronic or telematics equipment, including the semiconductor industry [60].
81
Table 4.2 Medium Term Action Plan (2026 – 2030)
Ministry of
Ministry of
Energy and Ministry of Ministry of Association/ Ministry of
Action plan Environment BRIN
Mineral Industry PWH Industry Finance
and Forestry
Resources
MEPS 130 lm/W for non-streetlights bulb, 2026
and 180 lm/W for street lights.
Mandatory national safety standards of
2026
lamps for public procurement.
Phasing out lamps that contain mercury in
2027
all professional buildings.
Commitments of construction planners and
contractors to use local lamps (TKDN and
2026
BMP at least 40%) that the national safety
standard and MEPS.
TKDN ENHANCEMENT
Lamp industries use lamp housing molding
2026
and national drivers for street lights.
Investments in LED chip and semiconductor 2028
industry.
Investment incentives 2030
Research and development of national SPD
2026
for street lights.
82
The second incentive is the tax allowance regulated in Government Regulation Number 78
of 2019 concerning Income Tax Facilities for Investment in Certain Business Fields and
Certain Regions [61]. The tax allowance is in the form of a reduction in net income of 50%
of the investment value in the form of tangible fixed assets, which is charged for six years
or, in other words, a tax allowance of 5% per year for six years. Lamp-related industries that
can receive this tax allowance are the semiconductor industry and other electronic
components (KBLI 26120) and the LED lamp industry (KBLI 27404). The tax allowance
application is made through the OSS application before starting commercial production.
The completion of LED chip or semiconductor industry investment is expected at 2029, so
incentives can begin in 2030.
4.5. Long Term Action Plan
In the long term, the action plan for developing high-efficiency lamps focuses on increasing
MEPS, market share, and TKDN, as shown in Table 4.3. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources needs to prepare a work program to increase the MEPS to 150 lm/W for non-
street lights and 210 lm/W for street lights in 2032.
Action plans to increase market share will focus on the mandatory use of local lamps in all
new professional buildings. Together with the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of
Public Works and Housing, the Ministry of Industry will release a regulation requiring to use
local lamps with TKDN and BMP of at least 40% in buildings requesting the Function-worthy
Certificate (SLF). Based on the Minister Regulation of Public Works and Housing Number
27/PRT/M/2018 [62], SLF is a certificate issued by regional governments except for Special
Function Buildings owned by the central government. The SLF states the condition
feasibility of the building function. This policy needs supports from building assessment
experts in the Ministry of Public Works and Housing to promote local lamp brands.
To increase the market share of local lamps in the general market, the Ministry of Trade will
prepare a regulation of domestic purchasing obligation for lamp importers. This regulation
requires importers to also sell local lamps. In this case, importers can cooperate with the
local lamp industry under an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) scheme to produce
lamps with importer's brands.
83
Table 4.3 Long Term Action Plan (2031 – 2035)
Ministry of
Energy and Ministry of Association/ Ministry of
Action plan
Mineral Trade Industry Industry
Resources
MEPS 150 lm/W for non-
streetlights bulb, and 210 2032
lm/W for street lights.
Provision of a Function-
worthy Certificate (SLF)
accompanied by
conditions for the use of
2033
lamps that meet the
national safety standard
and MEPS with TKDN and
BMP at least 40%
Domestic purchasing
obligation (some lamps
sold by importers are 2035
required to have TKDN and
BMP at least 40%)
TKDN ENHANCEMENT
LED lamp industries use
2031
the national SPD
Minimum TKDN and BMP
requirements are 60% for
government agencies' 2034
procurement of street
lights.
In the long term, all local industries should use national components (i.e., LED chips,
semiconductors, lamp housing moldings, drivers, and SPD), resulting from researches and
investments in short- and medium-terms. Therefore, the Ministry of Industry should increase
the minimum TKDN and BMP to at least 60% for street light procurements in government
agencies. Currently, the Ministry of Transportation has TKDN and BMP of at least 60% in
their procurement of street lights.
84
5. CAPACITY INCREASE
85
The LED industries in Indonesia are generally new. Figure 5.1 shows 44% of the respondent
established after 2010, 26% between 2000 and 2010, and 30% before 2000. Industries
generally started their business as lamp importers or other equipment manufacturers and
slowly started producing lamps domestically. Two industries established before 2000 have
experience in exporting lamps until now. Figure 5.2 shows that 22 of the 27 industries
surveyed are domestic investments, and the remaining industries are foreign investments.
The foreign industries generally have a higher production capacity and a higher sales
volume than domestic investment industries.
Number of Industry
Years of Establishment
< 2000 8
2000 - 2010 7
> 2010 12
Figure 5.1 The establishment year of local industries
Number of Industry
Type of Capital
Investmet
LOCAL 22
FOREIGN 5
Figure 5.2 Type of capital ownership
At least 22 out of 27 respondents plan to improve their lamp technology. As in Figure 5.3,
the investment plans include increasing production, developing new products, increasing
TKDN, and developing supporting products such as batteries. One industry plans to open
a new factory in Solo Techno Park to meet the market demands of low to middle-class
86
households in Central Java. Four industries have investment plans to manufacture non-LED
lamp products, i.e., CFL, LFL T12, induction lamps, and UV-C lamps (222 nm).
Number of Industry
Production Development
LED Lamps 22 4
Plan
Non-LED Lamps 4 22
Yes No
To manufacture IoT/ Wifi LED bulbs 2

To increase the production capacity of LED tube lights 2
To increase the production capacity of LED bulbs 2
To develop horticultural lamps 2
To increase the production capacity of LED floodlights 5
To increase the production capacity of indoor LED lamps 1
To increase the production capacity of industrial lamps 5
To develop lamps with a speaker connected to FM frequency 1
To increase TKDN on all lamp types 2
To advance new LED lamp systems and designs 6
To develop on-grid solar system products 1
To manufacture solar panels, batteries, and their derivatives 4
Base (n) = 26 respondents. Data are in the number of actual respondents.
Figure 5.3 Investment and development plans
Local lamp industries should anticipate increasing demand for local lamps due to short,
medium, and long-term action plans. Discussions with lamp industries and associations in
two FGDs agreed to the target market share in Figure 5.4. The market share of high-
efficiency lamps for the professional sector is expected to increase from 12% in 2019 to
19% in 2025 (short term), 50% in 2030 (medium-term), and 75% in 2035 (long-term).
Replacing the inefficient and mercury-containing lamps with the lamps having certificates
87
of SNI, MEPS, TKDN and BMP can support the target to increase the market share of the
commercial sector. This action plan, together with import governance, will boost the sales
volume of local lamps for the residential sector. Figure 5.4 shows that the residential market
shares for local lamps will increase from 12% in 2019 to 19% in 2030 and 75% in 2035. On
average, the market share of local lamps in these two user sectors will be 15% in 2025, 35%
in 2030, and 75% in 2035.
80 75
Market Size (%)
70 75
60
50
50
40 32
30 19
15
20 12
10 19
12
0
2028
2029
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Residential lightings Professional lightings Average
Figure 5.4 Local LED lamp market share projection
Figure 5.5 shows the sales projection for high-efficiency lamps in the residential sector. The
Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing technique [63-65] is used to interpolate the projection
in 2019 - 2030 by CLASP and PwC [1] for the projection from 2031 to 2035. The total
demand for high-efficiency local lamps will increase from 3.8 million units in 2020 to 7.4
million units in 2025, 17.3 million units in 2030, and 88.9 million units in 2035. The market
share of each type of lamp technology will not change because there will be no policy
intervention to ban mercury-containing lamps in the residential sector. Figure 5.6 shows the
same market share with the projection by CLASP and PwC [1] in Figure 1.4.
88
140
Number of Lamps (million units)
120
100
80
60
40
20
-
2020
2022
2029
2019
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
High Efficieny Lamps - Local High Efficieny Lamps - Import
Figure 5.5 Sales projections of high-efficiency lamps in the residential sector
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
-
2029
2033
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2030
2031
2032
2034
2035
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 5.6 Projection of lamp sales in the residential after the action plans
The demand for high-efficiency lamps in the professional sector will increase significantly
from 26 million units in 2020 to 47.8 million units in 2025, 66 million units in 2030, and 75.3
million units in 2035, as shown in Figure 5.7. The action plans phasing-out mercury-
containing lamps with local lamps (i.e., TKDN and BMP at least 40%) in government and
SOE buildings in 2023 and BUMN, as well as other professional buildings in 2026, increase
89
sales of high-efficiency local lamps from 3.1 million units in 2020 to 10 million units in 2025,
33 million units in 2030, and 56.5 million units by 2035. The action plan also accelerates the
use of 100% high-efficiency lamps from initially in 2030 [1] to 2026, as in Figure 5.8.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
-
2027
2028
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
High Efficieny Lamps - Local High Efficieny Lamps - Import
Figure 5.7 The sales projection of LED lamps for the professional sector
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
-
2029
2033
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2030
2031
2032
2034
2035
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 5.8 The sales projection of all lamp types for professionals (post-action plans)
Figure 5.9 shows that outdoor lamp sales will increase from 4 million units in 2020 to 6.2
million units in 2025, 7.7 million units in 2030, and 9.4 million units in 2035. Action plans in
90
the short and medium-term will accelerate 100% usages of high-efficiency lamps from
initially in 2030 [1] to become in 2023, as in Figure 5.10.
10
Number of Lamp (million units)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-
2026
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 5.9 The sales projection of LED outdoor lamps
10
9
Number of Lamp (million units)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-
2024
2033
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2034
2035
Years
Metal Halide LED
Figure 5.10 The sales projection of all outdoor lamp types (post-action plans)
Most industries believe they can meet the increasing demands for local lamps. The Ministry
of Industry stated that the utility of local lamp industries is around 15 to 16% of their total
production capacity. Many local lamp industries only use one production line without an
additional shift in the afternoon and evening. During the heyday of the lamp industry in
Indonesia, industries operated in multiple production lines that worked full-time for three
shifts (i.e., 24 hours). As an illustration, one industry had 26 production lines for
91
incandescent lamps, 16 production lines for tube lights, and three production lines for CFL.
Each production line worked 24 hours to produce 25,000 lamps per day. Therefore, the
industry can simply add laborers to anticipate the demand for local lights.
The government does not have a low-interest rate policy for financing new equipment
investments in the industry. This policy is more attractive than fiscal policy (i.e., tax holidays
and tax allowances) because the interest rates strongly influence investment feasibility. The
lower the interest rate, the better the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value
(NPV) and vice versa. The government has Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) Ltd providing
low-interest financing. However, the financing is only eligible for infrastructure projects like
new renewable energy projects and other strategic projects.
92
6. GENDER EQUALITY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
93
6.1. Gender Equality
The number of employees between industries has a reasonably high disparity, as shown in
Figure 6.1. The number of employees in 20 industries ranges from 12 to 730 people, with
the average number of employees being 144 people. The number of employees in the
management department is between 3 and 122 people with an average of 23 people. The
number of employees in the product development department is lower, between 0 to 18
people with an average number of 5 people. The tendency is that the greater the total
number of employees, the greater the employee number in the management and product
development.
730
People
153
122 18
24 5
12 3 0
Total number of Number of employees in Number of employees in
employees management product development
Average
Figure 6.1 Number of employees
The role of women in the LED lamp industry is significant, as in Figure 6.2. The percentage
of female employees to total employees is around 10% to 70%, with an average percentage
of 34%. The percentage of female employees in management is also quite good, ranging
from 2% to 66% with an average percentage of 34%. Regarding product development,
female employees in one industry reached 78% of the total employees, but some industries
do not have female employees in the product development division. The average
percentage of female employees in the product development division is 10%.
All industries have provided special facilities for female employees, as shown in Figure 6.3.
The most common facility is the maternity leave for three months divided into two periods,
i.e., before and after giving birth unless the doctor/midwife gives other medical
94
considerations. Eighteen industries give paid maternity leave ranging from 1.5 to 3 months,
and 13 industries give menstruation leave for 1 to 2 days. Two industries give miscarriage
leave for three months, proved by a certificate from the doctor/midwife. Four industries
have special rooms for women, e.g., lactation rooms, bathrooms, and rest areas. One
industry provides pick-up and transit facilities for female employees working night shifts.
78,0
70,0
66,0
%
36,6
31,5
10,0
- 2,5 -
Female worker of total Female worker on Female worker on product
employee management development
Average

Figure 6.2 Percentage of the number of female employees
Number of Industry
Female Worker Facility
Maternity leave 23
Paid maternity leave 18
Menstruation leave 12
Special room (lactation, toilet, rest) 9
Miscarriage leave 2
Pick-up and transit mess for the night shift 1

Figure 6.3 Facilities for employees
95
6.2. Environmental Protection
Action plans of MEPS and phasing-outs in the short, medium, and long term will reduce
electricity consumption in all sectors. In the residential sector, the cumulative electricity
consumption from the usages of lamps sold from 2019 to 2035 will be lower by 13 TWh
than the business-as-usual scenario, as shown in Figure 6.4. Other cumulative electricity
reductions from 2019 to 2035 will be 17 TWh for the commercial sector (Figure 6.5) and 12
TWh for the outdoor lamp (Figure 6.6). Thus, the total accumulative electricity saving from
the usage of lamps sold to these three sectors in 2019 – 2035 will be 41 TWh, as shown in
Figure 6.7.
40 38
Electricity Consumption (TWh)
35
30
25
20 25
15
10
5
-
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Business as usual Post action plans
Figure 6.4 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp use for household
60 53
Electricity Consumption (TWh)
50
40
30 36
20
10
-
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.5 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp use for professionals
96
35 33
Electricity Consumption (TWh) 30
25
20
21
15
10
5
-
2023
2033
2019
2020
2021
2022
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.6 Accumulative electricity consumption from using outdoor lamps
140 123
Electricity consumption (TWh)
120
100
80
81
60
40
20
-
2019
2029
2032
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2030
2031
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.7 Accumulative electricity consumption from lamp sales 2019 – 2035
Figures 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11 show the effects of the action plans on reducing emissions
estimated by using JAMALI's average emission factor of 0.87 kWh [66]. In Figure 6.8, the
action plans will reduce emissions from the usage of lamps sold in the residential sector
from 2019 to 2035 by 11 million tons of CO2. The emission reductions from usages of lamps
sold to professional and outdoor sectors during 2019 – 2035 will be around 15 million
tonnes CO2 (Figure 6.9) and 10 million tonnes CO2 (Figure 6.10), respectively. The total
emission reduction potential in all sectors is 36 million tons of CO2, as in Figure 6.11.
97
35 33
Emission (million tons of CO2)
30
25
20
22
15
10
5
-
2027
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.8 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold to the residential sector
50 46
45
40
35
30
25 31
20
15
10
5
-
2027
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.9 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold to the professional sector
98
30 28
25
20
15 18
10
-
2019
2022
2020
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.10 Accumulative emissions from the use of sold outdoor lamps
120 107
Emissions (million ton CO2)
100
80
60 71
40
20
-
2033
2034
2035
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Years
Figure 6.11 Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035
The impact on mercury reduction only occurs from lamp sales for the professional and
outdoor sectors, which must stop using mercury-containing lamps. The cumulative mercury
reduction from lamp sales during 2019 – 2035 will be 105 kg for professional lamps (Figure
6.12) and 20 kg for outdoor lamps (Figure 6.13). The mercury reduction in outdoor lamps
99
is low because current outdoor lamp sales are mostly LED lamps that do not contain
mercury (see Figure 1.6). The total cumulative mercury reduction in 2019 – 2035 is 125 kg,
as shown in Figure 6.14.
900
764
800
700
600
Mercury (kg)
659
500
400
300
200
100
-
2022
2027
2032
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
2031
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.12 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of lamps sold to the
professional sector
70
58
60
50
Mercury (kg)
40
30 38
20
10
-
2022
2027
2032
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
2025
2026
2028
2029
2030
2031
2033
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.13 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of sold outdoor lamps
100
2.000 1.843
1.800
1.600
1.718
1.400
Mercury (kg)
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
-
2019
2026
2033
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2034
2035
Years
Figure 6.14 Accumulative mercury amount from the usages of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035
101
7. REFERENCES
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106
8. RESPONDENT PROFILE
107
8.1. CV. Sentosa Electric
CV. Sentosa Electric

Address Jl. Hegar No. 3 Cibaligo, Leuwi Gajah-Cimahi Bandung, Indonesia
Website http://keibu-electric.com/
Brand Keibu, Sook, Mona
Lamp types Bulb, tube, street lights, solar-powered street lights, ceiling,
downlight panel, emergency, high bay, floodlight
Association GAMATRINDO
The main product of CV. Sentosa

Electric is the LED bulb under the
Keibu, Sook, and Mona brands.
Other LED lamps produced are
ceiling, fan, downlight panels,
emergency, street lights, solar-
powered street lights, tube lights,
high bays, 12 Vdc LED bulbs, and
spotlights. Sentosa Electric has
comprehensive production
equipment such as plastic
injection machines to fabricate
bodies and lampshades. Sentosa Keibu brand LED lamp made by CV. Sentosa Electric
Electric is also an Original

Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of other domestic brands of LED lamps. The LED lamp
bulbs manufactured by Sentosa Electric have passed the Indonesian National Standard
(SNI) / IEC 62560:2015 for the safety specifications for LED lamps, although the SNI is not
mandatory yet. Lamp efficacy already reaches 110 lm/W, and Sentosa Electric committs
continuously increases their lamp products' efficacy.
108
8.2. PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama
PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama

Address Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 34.5 - Cimanggis, Depok - West Java
Website https://artolite.co.id/.
Brand artolite
Lamp types Tubes, indoor and outdoor luminaires for architectural,
decorative, PJU, emergency, and special lamp needs
Association APERLINDO
Artolite Indah
Mediatama is a lamp
armature manufacturer
established in 1976.
The company's main
office and factory are in
Depok but the
company has branch
offices/ showrooms in
Jakarta, Bandung,
Semarang, Surabaya,
Medan, Pekan Baru,
Balikpapan, Bali, and
The Production Process PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama Makassar. Artolite
Indah Mediatama
manufactures various indoor and outdoor lighting products for architectural, decorative
needs, street lamps, emergency lamps, and special lamps tailored to customer orders.
Artolite Indah Mediatama uses LED lamps from several well-known manufacturers but
Artolite Indah Mediatama also has tube lights with the Artolite trademark. The tube lights
are produced by another factory (i.e., Original Equipment Manufacturer).
109
8.3. PT. Catur Mukti Pratama
PT. Catur Mukti Pratama

Address kaw. Industrial Cikupamas 2, JL. Bhumimas VI/1, Cikupa - Banten
Website https://siklon.co.id/
Brand Siklon, Samson
Lamp types PJU, electricity usage monitoring system
Association -
Since starting the

production of street
lights in 2014, Catur
Mukti Pratama has
expanded its market to
various regions
reaching 280
regencies/ cities. The
marketing strategy is by
educating the
specifications and
design of good street
lights and providing
Figure
The production
8.1 The Production
process at Process
PT. Chess
at Mukti
PT. Catur
Primary
Mukti Pratama after-sales service.
Catur Mukti Pratama
only uses pure aluminum housing because it has better heat sink properties than the die-
cast housing type. Another innovation by Catur Mukti Pratama is a Siklon Asset
Management System Online (SAMSON), a remote electricity usage monitoring tool for
street lights. The advantage of SAMSON is low capital and operation costs.
110
8.4. PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia
PT. Cipta Sinergi Asia

Address Jl. Raya Gombang No.37 Blok Pelita RT.12/RW.03 Gombang
Village, District, Plumbon Kab. Cirebon – West Java
Website http://www.ledcsa.com/
Brand Luxon, Zeron and Ecolux
Lamp types LED tube, LED bulb, downlight, flat panel, other indoor, PJU,
floodlight, high bay, explosion-proof lamps
Association -
Cipta Sinergi Asia is a

representative of a
Korean lamp company
in Indonesia. Cipta
Sinergi Asia was
established in 2007 as
an importer and built a
factory in Indonesia in
2018. Cipta Sinergi
Asia has direct
Gambar
PJU LED 8.2 Lampu
lamps PJU LED
produced by produksi PT.
PT. Create Cipta
Asian Sinergi Asia
Synergy affiliations with LED
manufacturers in Korea, e.g., Dongbu, Kumho, Daejin, Posco, and LG. Cipta Sinergi Asia
manufactures various lamp products such as LED bulbs, tube lights, spotlights, and street
lights. The trademarks used are Luxon and Zeron. Cipta Sinergi Asia has modern
equipment for light source tests, IP 65 testing, and goniophotometers. The sales is through
agents (90%), and retailers (10%).
111
8.5. PT. Daya Mandiri Terbarukan
PT. Daya Mandiri Terbarukan

Address Jl. Baetussa'adah No. 3, Curug, Tangerang, Banten 15810
Website https://www.linkedin.com/company/pt-daya-mandiri-
terbarukan/about/
Brand FujiLED
Lamp types Bulb, tube, street lights, solar-powered street lights, showcase,
high bay, floodlight
Association -
The main product of Daya Mandiri Terbarukan is

LED street lights. Other lamp products are solar-
powered street lights, LED bulbs, LED tube lights,
showcase, high bay, and floodlights. Daya
Mandiri Terbarukan has its brand of FujiLED and
an OEM of several other leading lamp brands.
Daya Mandiri Terbarukan commits to producing
high-quality LED lamps with a power factor above
95% and an efficacy higher than 100 lm/W. Daya
Mandiri Terbarukan, in the future, aims to
cooperate with other companies both at home
and abroad in producing LED lamps.
High bay lamp made by PT. Mandiri Daya

Terbarukan
112
8.6. PT. Fokus Indo Lighting
PT. Fokus Indo Lighting

Address South Industrial Jl Blok LL no 4 Jababeka II Industrial Estate, South
Cikarang, Bekasi, West Java 17530
Website https://www.fokuslamp.co.id/
Brand Street lights (Cosmic, Opera, Galaxy, Bimasakti, and Mars brands),
solar-powered street lights (Atria and Aludra brands), floodlights
(Caves, Samba, and Serayu brands), pedestrian lights (Jupiter,
Mars brands)
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, floodlights, pedestrian
lights
Association ALINDO
The experience of Fokus

Indo Lighting,
established in 2003 in
the lighting field, started
as an OEM for Phillips. In
2015, Fokus Indo
Lighting started to
produce various lamp
types with its brands,
such as street lights (i.e.,
Cosmic, Opera, Galaxy,
Bimasakti, and Mars
The production process at PT. Fokus Indo Lighting
brands), solar-powered
street lights (i.e., Atria and Aludra brands), floodlights (i.e., Caves, Samba, and Serayu
brands), and pedestrian lights (i.e., Jupiter and Mars brands). Fokus Indo Lighting focuses
on supplying project needs in the central and local governments, including the
Government and Business Entity Cooperation (KPPBU) scheme in managing and saving
energy at street lights. Fokus Indo Lighting has three smart street light technologies based
on Radio Frequency (RF), Power Line Communication (PLC), and Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM).
113
8.7. PT. Honoris Industry
PT. Honoris Industry

Address Jl. Raya Sukabumi Km. 2, Ciawi - Bogor 16720
Website https://www.honorisindustry.com/.
Brand Hori
Lamp types Bulb, tube, street lights, solar-powered street lights, ceiling,
downlight panel, emergency, high bay, floodlight
Honoris Industry was initially known as the OEM of Fujifilm's camera. After the demand for
film cameras decreased, Honoris Industry diverted its production to other products,
including LED lamps, candles, floodlights, street lights, solar-powered street lights, high
bays, downlights, and T8 tube lights. Honoris Industry uses the Hori brand for lamp
products. Its production equipment includes plastic injection machines, automatic
soldering machines, and SMT machines for the automatic and precise installation of
electronic components.
Honoris Industry commits to
producing high-quality
products to preserve the
environment and reduce
global warming. Honoris
Industry is currently trusted
as an OEM for a global lamp
brand with a market share in
the United States.
Hori LED bulb made by PT. Honoris Industry
114
8.8. PT. Jaya Eco Energi
PT. Jaya Eco Energi

Address Jl. Gading Kirana Utara No.3, RT.11/RW.8, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta
14240
Website www.jayaecoenergi.com
Brand Jishan, Chikara
Lamp types Street lights, LED bulbs, floodlights
Association ALINDO
Since its establishment in

2014 in Jakarta, Jaya Eco
Energi has committed to
developing and
promoting LED lamps as
a form of contribution to
nature conservation. The
main products of Jaya
Eco Energi are street
lights, floodlights, and
LED bulbs. Jaya Eco
Energi aims to increase
TKDN by proposing local
Street light products of PT. Jaya Eco Energi
components that can be
mass-produced
domestically so that Jaya Eco Energi can obtain a competitive production price. The local
industries can then share these local components to meet LED lamp demand in Indonesia.
115
8.9. PT. Kingled Indonesia
PT. Kingled Indonesia

Address Jl. Agarwood No. 131/46, Medan City, North Sumatra, 20235
Website http://kingledindonesia.com/
Brand Kingled and Mcleod
Lamp types Bulb, emergency, downlight, floodlight, high bay, street lights,
solar-powered street lights
Kingled Indonesia
manufactures LED lamps
under the Kingled and Mcled
trademarks. Around 230 LED
lamp models are produced,
such as bulbs, tube lights,
downlights, emergency
lamps, street lights, spotlights,
and decoration lamps. TKDN
of Kingled Indonesia reaches The showroom of PT. Kingled Indonesia in Jakarta
25%, and the market of their
lamps is projects and online sales. Kingled Indonesia provides a 2 to 5-year warranty
depending on the buyer's request.
116
8.10. PT. LED Pro IDN
PT. LED Pro IDN

Address Jl. Raya Light Kav. H10 28, Leuwinutug Village, Citeureup District,
Bogor Regency, 1680
Website https://ledproidn.com
Brand Led
Lamp types Street lights, luminaires
Association There is not any
LED Pro IDN was

established in September
2017 and is a subsidiary of
a Korean company VITSRO,
Co. Ltd., which produces
indoor and outdoor LED
lamps. The main products
of LED Pro IDN are street
lights (30 to 200 W). Other
products are floodlights
(40 to 120 W) and office
Street lights made by PT. LED Pro IDN luminaires. All products of
LED Pro IDN use high-
quality components and have SNI certificates, ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 14001: 2015, and
OHSAS 18001: 2007. LED Pro IDN commits to continuously improving product quality to
be energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
117
8.11. PT. Makarim Berjaya
PT. Makarim Berjaya

Address Jatinegara Indah Housing, Jl. Mount Bromo Block AG1, No.1
Jakarta-East 13930 – INDONESIA
Website https://makarimberjaya.com/
Brand SuryaLED
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, floodlights, pedestrian
lights, bulbs
Association -
Makarim Berjaya was

founded in 2010 with its
current factory location in
Bogor. In 2015, PT. Makarim
Berjaya started to produce
various LED lamps such as
bulbs, street lights, lamps for
planting, and ultraviolet (UV)
lamps under the SuryaLED
brand. Some of the profits
from the lamp sales are
donated to the Amil Zakat
Infaq and Alms
Muhammadiyah (Lazismu)
Institute. In addition, PT.
LED Solar Lamps produced by PT. Makarim Berjaya Makarim Berjaya, together
with the Ministry of Industry,
provided free training on producing LED lamps to the public in several areas and Islamic
boarding schools.
118
8.12. PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti
PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti

Address Jl. Agung Karya II Block D No 12A , Sunter Agung Podomoro,
Jakarta 14340
Website http://www.ledmoradon.com
Brand Moradon
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, floodlights
Moradon Berlian Sakti

manufactures various types of
LED lamps with the trademark
Moradon. The main product of
Moradon Berlian Sakti is LED
street lights with various sizes,
power, spare parts, and
accessories. In addition,
Moradon Berlian Sakti also
produces armatures supported
by molding machines for street
lights, spotlights, warehouse The production process at PT. Moradon Berlian Sakti
lamps, tunnel lamps, and

Hayman lamps. Moradon Berlian Sakti commits to producing high-quality LED lamps with
efficacy above 100 lumens/W, environmentally friendly, economical, and long-lasting (up
to 30,000 hours of lifespan).
119
8.13. PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia
PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia

Address Jl. Raya Semarang - Demak Km 7, Banjardowo Industrial
Environment Block B 8 - 9, Semarang - Central Java 50117
Website https://nikoelectronic.com/
Brand Niko
Lamp types LED bulbs
Niko Elektronik
Indonesia was
established in 2001
and started to build a
factory in 2002. Since
the first production in
2004, Niko Elektronik
Indonesia has
continued to grow to
produce various
household appliances,
ranging from CFL,
irons, fans, rice
Gambar
The 8.3 Proses
production produksi
process at PT.diNiko
PT. Niko Elektronik
Electronik Indonesia
Indonesia cookers, blenders, and
gas stoves. Niko
Elektronik Indonesia expanded its business by adding factories from 3 buildings to 11
buildings with 800 employees. In the era of CFL, Niko Elektronik Indonesia had to stop
producing CFL because they could not compete with imported CFL lamps. However, since
2021, PT. Niko Elektronik Indonesia is starting to produce LED bulbs to supply a large
market for LED bulbs in the future. Moreover, Niko Elektronik Indonesia can increase the
utilization of its existing production equipment, e.g., plastic injection machines, to produce
LED bulbs.
120
8.14 PT. Panasonic Gobel Life Solustions
PT. Panasonic Gobel Life Solutions

Address Pier Industrial Estate, Jl. Industrial Rembang No. 47, North Bunut,
Pejangngkang, Rembang Pasuruan
Website https://www.panasonic.com/id/consumer/lamp/led-lamp.html
Brand Panasonic
Lamp types Street lights, portable light, bulbs, desk lamp, floodlight, wall
washer, pixel, fountain light, high bay, explosion-proof,
emergency light, recessed mounting, panel, ceiling, outbow, wall
light, exit panel, strip, batten, linear recessed, base light
Panasonic Gobel Life

Solutions is a global company
in Indonesia, with one of its
factories in Pasuruan.
Panasonic Gobel Life
Solutions, established in
1996, currently produces LED
lamps such as emergency
lamps and street lights. The
markets of Panasonic Gobel
Life Solutions are domestic
and various countries (e.g.,
ASEAN countries, Australia,
Panasonic LED lamp type emergency exported to Thailand.
Japan, and Europe).
Panasonic Gobel Life Solutions also manufactures LED lamp drivers exported to Japan. Its
street light products have efficacy higher than 160 lumens/watt and have been installed in
186 cities in Indonesia.
121
8.15. PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia
PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia

Address Palebon, Pedurungan, Semarang, Central Java 50246
Website https://www.instagram.com/pandawaledofficial/?hl=en
Brand Pandawa, MP
Lamp types LED bulb, TL, downlight, floodlight
Pandawa LED Indonesia has

experience in lamp businesses
as a distributor. On April 21,
2019, Pandawa LED Indonesia
started selling its lamp brand,
focusing on markets outside
urban areas. Pandawa LED
Indonesia uses its existing
LED bulbs produced by PT. Pandawa LED Indonesia distribution network and various
promotional techniques to
increase its sales volume reaching 300 thousand units per month. Pandawa LED Indonesia
also continues to innovate lamp designs following global trends. Pandawa LED Indonesia
hopes that the government can impose the mandatory safety SNI for LED bulbs to eradicate
low-quality imported LED lamps. In addition, Pandawa LED Indonesia expects LKPP to
include LED bulbs in the Electronic Catalog.
122
8.16. PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia
PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia

Address Union Industrial Park Complex, Blok A No.9&10, Batu Ampar -
Batam
Website http://www.prisled.com.sg
Brand Prisled
Lamp types Crane lamps for port/hangar, street lights, solar-powered street
lights, floodlight, explosion-proof light, indoor light, and smart
street lights
Association ALINDO
A LED industry in Batam is Prisled

Innovative Lighting Indonesia, a
foreign investment company founded
in 2015. Prisled Innovative Lighting
Indonesia accordingly uses Prisled and
Prisoli brands for lamp and solar panel
products. Both products are for
domestic and export markets. The
main products of Prisled Innovative
Lighting Indonesia are crane lamps for
ports and hangars. Other lamps
produced are street lights, floodlights,
explosion-proof lamps, indoor lamps,
lamp-integrated with solar panels,
smart LED lamps, solar panels,
inverters, and lithium batteries. The The factory of PT. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia
efficacy of Prisled street lights is

between 120 to 150 lumens/watt. Prisled Innovative Lighting Indonesia has comprehensive
testing and production facilities, e.g., a water spray test chamber, goniophotometer, LED
automation, temperature and humidity chamber, sun simulator, solar cell laminating, and
solar cell framing.
123
8.17. PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi
PT. Saka Agung Karya Abadi

Address East Ring Road No.9, Kebonsar, Kebonsari, Kec. Temple, Sidoarjo
Regency, East Java 61271
Website https://www.saka-lamp.com/
Brand Saka, Global, Total
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, floodlights, high bay,
downlights, pedestrian lights
Association ALINDO, APERLINDO
Saka Agung Karya Abadi was established in 1993 and its current factory is in Sidoarjo. Saka
Agung Karya Abadi initially manufactured panel boxes, hydrant boxes, cable trays, and
lamp housings made of iron plates. In 2018, Saka Agung Karya Abadi expanded its business
to manufacturing various LED
lamps such as luminaires, street
lights, and other indoor lamps
under the Saka brand. Saka
Agung Karya Abadi possesses
production equipment such as
cutting machines, bending
machines, welding machines,
printing machines, CNC
machines for making molding,
and die-cast aluminum
machines to produce street
light luminaires.
The product development room at PT Saka Agung

Karya Abadi
124
8.18. PT. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia
PT. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia

Address Jl. Raya Surabaya - Malang No.Km.40, Pasuruan, East Java 67155
Website https://www.sei-gforcebell.com/
Brand G-Force Bell and e-Sun
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, smart street lights, solar-
powered bulbs, bulbs, smart bulbs
Association ALINDO
Santinilestari Energi Indonesia established the Pasuruan factory in 2012 to produce various
LED lamps and supporting equipment (e.g., solar
charge controllers (SSC), smart driver systems,
smart system communication gateways, solar
module panels, energy-efficient solar lamps).
The brands of its street lights are G Force Bell and
e-Sun with TKDN above 40% and efficacy at least
160 lumens/watt. Santinilestari Energi Indonesia
collaborated with state universities in East Java to
develop smart street light technology. The
technology feature can remotely monitor and
control street lights and diagnose damaged
components.
The applications of smart street lights

made by PT. Energy Santinilestari
Indonesia
125
8.19. PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo
PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo

Address Sinar Buduran Warehousing, 1 No. B22, Gesing, Banjarsari,
Buduran, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java 61252
Website https://bandell-lamp.com/
Brand Bandell
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights, facade lights, tunnel
lights, floodlights
Sarana Karya Solusindo was founded in 2013 to produce electrical and mechanical
technology and LED street lights with the Bandell trademark, which means strong and
durable in Javanese. Bandell street lights have power between 30 W to 200 W and have
been used in East Java, DKI
Jakarta, and South
Kalimantan. Production
machines owned by Sarana
Karya Solusindo are
relatively new and modern,
such as SMT. Sarana Karya
Solusindo also uses local
die-cast to increase the
TKDN of Bandell street
lights.
The production process at PT. Sarana Karya Solusindo
126
8.20. PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut
PT. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut

Address Jl. Rungkut Industri I No. 8, Kendangsari, Surabaya, East Java
60292
Website https://chiyoda-lamp.com/.
Brand Chiyoda
Lamp types Incandescent lamp, reflector lamp, candle lamp, filament led,
bulb, nano LED, tube, downlight, spotlight, floodlight, street
lights, high bay, a high discharge lamp, PAR.
Sinar Angkasa Rungkut founded in 1975 is a lamp manufacturer in Surabaya with the
Chiyoda brand. The flagship product is an incandescent lamp, but Sinar Angkasa Rungkut
has also produced LED bulbs, LED filaments, and LED tube lights with an efficacy of at least
100 lumens/watt. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut has complete equipment for incandescent lamp
production so Sinar Angkasa Rungkut excels in producing filament-type LED lamps. JW
Mariott Hotel Surabaya and several other large consumers have used its LED lamp
products. Sinar Angkasa Rungkut still exports its lamp products.
Gambar
The 8.4 Proses
production produksi
process lampu
of LED LED lamps
filament filamenatdi PT.
PT. Sinar
Sinar Angkasa
Angkasa Rungkut
Rungkut
127
8.21. PT. Signify Commercial Indonesia
PT. Signify Commercial Indonesia

Address Jl. Buncit Raya Kav.99, Jakarta 12510
Website https://www.signify.com/en-id
Brand Phillips, Interact, Phillips Hue, Color Kinetics, Strand, Vari-Lite,
UHP, Modular, Zero88
Lamp types Bulbs, tube lights, downlights, high bay, street lights, and 3D
Printing Luminaire
The factory of PT Signify Commercial Indonesia and 3D printing luminaire facilities
Signify Commercial Indonesia, previously known as PT. Philips Lighting Indonesia, changed
its name in 2018. With the vision of unlocking the incredible potential of lamps for a brighter
life and a better world, Signify Commercial Indonesia has superior lamp products, including
the Philips brand and Interact (connected lamp system with active data services). Currently,
Signify Commercial Indonesia has factories to produce street lights in the Karawang plant
and 3D printed luminaires in the Bumi Serpong Damai site.
128
8.22. PT. Solarens Ledindo
PT. Solarens Ledindo

Address Industrial Estate De Primaterra B2-3B, Jalan Sapan – Gedebage,
Tegalluar, Bandung
Website http://solarens.co.id/
Brand Solarens
Lamp types Aviation and marine, light engine, street lights, solar-powered
street lights, industrial lamps, floodlights, and smart street lights.
Association ALINDO, APERLINDO
As a member of Alindo, the main product of Solarens Ledindo is street lights. Moreover,
Solarens Ledindo also produces tube
lights, high bay, aviation and marine lamps,
floodlights, industrial lamps, and other
outdoor lamps. The lamps of Solarens
Ledindo have an efficacy of 160 lm/W, and
ready to use smart technology features
such as smart dimmer and light sensors.
Solarens Ledindo commits to developing
LED lamp products, especially street lights
in Indonesia.
The factory of PT. Solarens Ledindo
129
8.23. PT. Sumber Klik Sejahtera
PT. Sumber Klik Sejahtera

Address Jl.Sultan Iskandar Muda No. 100B, Kebayoran Lama - South
Jakarta
Website http://www.stark-indonesia.com/
Brand STARTLED, STARK
Lamp types LED bulbs
Sumber Klik Sejahtera has been producing LED lamps under the STARK brand since May
2013. The strategies implemented by Sumber Klik Sejahtera are (1) Leading in innovating
quality products, (2) Trusted both quality and warranty, and (3) Affordable prices for all
consumer classes. The main features of STARK LED lamps are: (1) being able to operate in
conditions of fluctuating voltage between 85 and 265 volts, (2) excellent heat dissipation,
and (3) high quality LED chip avoiding flickers. Another feature is that lamps will
automatically turn on when the electricity supply from PLN is interrupted.
The main features of the STARK LED Omni light.
130
8.24. PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang
PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang

Address Jl. Raya Narogong Pangkalan 1B No.80, Bantargebang, Bekasi,
West Java 17151
Website https://lightplusled.com/
Brand LIGHT+
Lamp types Bulbs, tube lights, emergency lamps, spotlights, ceiling lights,
floodlights, high bay, and street lights
Surya Citra Teknik

Cemerlang founded in 2009
is an LED lamp manufacturer
in Bekasi. Surya Citra Teknik
Cemerlang produces various
electrical products under the
LIGHT+ brand, such as LED
lamps, solar panels, power
supplies, running text, and
LED Videotron.
Manufactured LED lamps
consist of bulbs, tube lights,
The production process at PT. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang emergency lights, spotlights,
ceiling lights, floodlights,
high bay, and street lights.
The efficacy of LIGHT+ lamps reaches 120 lumen/ watt for indoor lamps and 160 lumen/
watt for street lights. Surya Citra Teknik Cemerlang continues to grow and will add new
products, i.e., lamp posts for street lights.
131
8.25. PT. Surya Utama Putra
PT. Surya Utama Putra

Address Jalan Raya Bandung - Garut KM. 23, Rancaekek, Bandung, West
Java 40394
Website https://suryautamaputra.co.id/
Brand Surya Utama Putra
Lamp types Street lights, solar-powered street lights
Association ALINDO
Surya Utama Putra, founded in

2009, has a 3,240 m2 factory on
an area of 8,090 m2 in the
Rancaekek, Bandung. Surya
Utama Putra manufactures solar
panels, street lights, lithium
batteries, and other solar energy-
based products. The efficacy of
street lights produced by Surya
Utama Putra has continued to
increase until now, reaching
above 150 lm/W. The street The production process at PT. Surya Utama Putra
lights of Surya Utama Putra have
been included in the LKPP Electronic Catalog and are widely used by ministries, state-
owned enterprises, local governments, and other industries. Surya Utama Putra has a
laboratory equipped with various test equipment such as integrated sphere photometry
and humidity chamber.
132
8.26. PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi
PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi

Address Jl Gatot Subroto 121, Gedangan, Sidoarjo - East Java , Indonesia
61254
Website http://www.focuselectric.com/focus_divisions.html
Brand Focus, Lightning, Lightning, Badalex, and Panda
Lamp types Incandescent, CFL, tube lights, LED bulbs, street lights, solar-
powered street lights, downlights
Tjipto Langgeng
Abadi was
established in
Surabaya in 1976.
Tjipto Langgeng
Abadi produced
various indoor and
outdoor lamps, e.g.,
incandescent, CFL,
tube lights, and LED
lamps branded
Focus, Petir, LED Lamps Produced by PT. Tjipto Langgeng Abadi
Halilintar, Badalex,
and Panda. In
addition, Tjipto Langgeng Abadi also produces various cables types. Tjipto Langgeng
Abadi commits to producing high-quality lamps but affordable for the underprivileged.
Tjipto Langgeng Abadi has sales branches in various areas such as Jakarta, Semarang,
Denpasar, Makassar, NTT, and NTB.
133
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ROADMAP

Director : Dadan Kusdiana (General Director of EBTKE & Acting

Chief Director : General Director of New-Renewable Energy and Energy

Production Assembly Import

Type of Lamp by Domestic Industry and Its Supply Pattern

Component for driver 6

Number of Industries with Imported Components

Industrial Tree of LED Street Lighting as per the Ministry of Industry

Industry Tree of LED Bulb

Rated efficacy on local and imported LED bulbs

Rated lifespan on local and imported LED bulbs

Price unit of local and imported LED bulbs

Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of

Projection of local LED lamp market share

Percentage of Number of Female Workers in the Lighting Industry

Business as usual Post Action Plans

Accumulative emissions from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035

Accumulative mercury from the use of lamps sold in 2019 – 2035

Project Team ...................................................................................................................................... 2

Figure 1.1 Projected number of lamps in the household sector ............................................. 25

ACFTA : ASEAN-China Free Trade Area

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.1 Projected number of lamps in the household sector

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.2 Projected number of lamps in the professional sector

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.3 Projected number of outdoor lamps

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.4 Projection of lamp sales in the residential sector

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.5 Projection of lamp sales in the professional sector

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.6 Sales projection of outdoor lamp

1.2. The Market Share of Local Lamps

Total : 194 million lamps

12% 88% 28% 72%

22% 78% 21% 79%

Source: CLASP and PwC [1]

Figure 1.7 Lamp market share in 2018

a. The implementing team or the goods/services procurement committee do not

Tube Street Other types of

Export Domestic only

Base (n) = 24 respondent

Figure 1.8 The export destinations of Indonesia’s lamps

a. PT. Catur Mukti Pratama.

The ALINDO is the association of business entities or manufacturers engaged in luminary

a. CV. Solarindo Jaya.

a. PT. Artolite Indah Mediatama.

GAMATRINDO was established in 2013 to support the nation's independence,

a. CV. Sentosa Electric

Table2.1 Industries participating in drafting the Roadmap

Respondent Province Association

Figure 2.1 Production capacity of Indonesia's LED lamp industries

Sales Volume in 2019

Figure 2.2 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2019

Figure 2.3 Sales volume of Indonesia's LED lamp industries in 2020

Local industries have different ownership levels of production equipment, as shown in

Automatic soldering system 3