DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (EE-372)

Lab #3 Report

Course Instructor: Lt Col Dr Atif Qayyum

Lab Engineer: Haris Ataullah

Group Members Registration Number

Zain Rehan 301822
Muhammad Umer Siddiq 296908
Syed Muhammad Abdullah Shah 286767
Degree 41 Syndicate B
 LAB 3: Z-Transform in MATLAB

Objective:
• To realize the significance of z-transform.

• To determine the z-transform and inverse z-transform of discrete time signal and systems in
MATLAB.

• To find the pole-zero plot and impulse response of DT system.

Significance of 𝒛−𝒏:

The z-transform of a discrete-time signal x(n) is defined as the power series.

Where z is a complex variable. The relation sometimes called the direct z-transform because it
transforms the time-domain signal x(n) into its complex-plane representation X(z).

Where,
‘r’ is a real number.
𝑒𝑗𝜔 is Euler's Number
𝜔 is the angular frequency in radians per samples.
Lab Tasks:
1. Find Z-transform and inverse Z-transform of some DT signals.

1. For sin(ꞷ*n):
MATLAB Code:
syms z n w
fn = sin(w*n)
F1 = ztrans(fn,z)
f1 = iztrans(F2)

MATLAB Output:
fn =

sin(n*w)

F1 =

(z*sin(w))/(z^2 - 2*cos(w)*z + 1)

f1 =

sin(n*w)

2. For cos(ω*n):
MATLAB Code:
syms z n w
fn = cos(w*n)
F1 = ztrans(fn,z)
f1 = iztrans(F2)

MATLAB Output:
fn =

cos(n*w)

F1 =

(z*(z - cos(w)))/(z^2 - 2*cos(w)*z + 1)

f1 =

cos(n*w)

3. For a^n:
MATLAB Code:
syms a n z
fn = a^n;
F1 = symsum(fn.*(z.^-n),n,0,inf)
F2 = ztrans(fn,z)
f1 = simplify(iztrans(F2))

MATLAB Output:
fn =

a^n

F1 =

piecewise(a == z & z ~= 0, Inf, a ~= z & z ~= 0, -(z - z*limit(a^n/z^n, n,

Inf))/(a - z))

F2 =

-z/(a - z)

f1 =

piecewise(a == 0, kroneckerDelta(n, 0), a ~= 0, a^n)

4. For (1/2)^n:
MATLAB Code:
syms n z
fn = (1/2)^n;
F1 = simplify(symsum(fn.*(z.^-n),n,0,inf))
F2 = ztrans(fn,z)
f1 = simplify(iztrans(F2))
MATLAB Output:
fn =

(1/2)^n

F1 =

piecewise(z == 1/2, Inf, z ~= 0 & z ~= 1/2, -(2*z*(limit(1/(2^n*z^n), n, Inf)

- 1))/(2*z - 1))

F2 =

z/(z - 1/2)

f1 =

1/2^n

2. Define some DT systems and draw pole-zero plot of the systems. Also find impulse response
of the systems.

DT System 1:
MATLAB Code:
%% DT System 1
num = [1 2 0];
den = [1 0 0.2];
sys = tf(num,den,0.1)
[z,p,k] = tf2zpk(num,den)
zplane(num,den)
impz(num,den)

MATLAB Output:
sys =

z^2 + 2 z

---------

z^2 + 0.2

Sample time: 0.1 seconds

Discrete-time transfer function.

z =

-2

p =

0.0000 + 0.4472i

0.0000 - 0.4472i

k =

Pole-Zero Plot of DT System 1:

Impulse Response of DT System 1:

DT System 2:
MATLAB Code:
%% DT System 2
num = [1 0];
den = [1 -0.707 0.2499];
sys = tf(num,den,0.1)
[z,p,k] = tf2zpk(num,den)
zplane(num,den)
impz(num,den)

MATLAB Output:
sys =

----------------------

z^2 - 0.707 z + 0.2499

Sample time: 0.1 seconds

Discrete-time transfer function.

z =

p =

0.3535 + 0.3535i

0.3535 - 0.3535i

k =

Pole-Zero Plot of DT System 2:

Impulse Response of DT System 2:

DT System 3:
MATLAB Code:
%% DT System 3
num = [1 4 0];
den = [1 5 9];
sys = tf(num,den,0.1)
[z,p,k] = tf2zpk(num,den)
zplane(num,den)
impz(num,den)

MATLAB Output:
sys =

z^2 + 4 z

-------------

z^2 + 5 z + 9

Sample time: 0.1 seconds

Discrete-time transfer function.

z =

-4

p =

-2.5000 + 1.6583i

-2.5000 - 1.6583i

k =

Pole-Zero Plot of DT System 3:

Impulse Response of DT System 3: