Diagram of the Nerve Cell

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Nerve cells, also known as neurons, send and receive signals from your brain to

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coordinate tasks and actions in different parts of your body. Neurons, also known as

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nerve cells, send and receive signals from your brain. At birth, the human brain

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consists of an estimated 100 billion neurons. Unlike other cells, neurons don’t

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reproduce or regenerate. They aren’t replaced once they die. Neurons have no fixed
neurons have three essential parts: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

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A chemical synapse, action potentials affect other neurons via a gap between neurons called a

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synapse. Synapses consist of a presynaptic ending, a synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic ending.

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When an action potential is generated, it’s carried along the axon to a presynaptic ending. This
triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These molecules cross the
synaptic cleft and bind to receptors in the postsynaptic ending of a dendrite. Neurotransmitters
can excite the postsynaptic neuron, causing it to generate an action potential of its own.
Close up of connection
Alternatively, they can inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, in which case it doesn’t generate an action between neurons
potential.
The cell body of a neuron, also known as a soma, the cell body is the neuron’s core. The cell body carries genetic information, maintains the neuron’s structure, and
provides energy to drive activities. Like other cell bodies, a neuron’s soma contains a nucleus and specialised organelles. It’s enclosed by a membrane which both protects
it and allows it to interact with its immediate surroundings. An axon is a long, tail-like structure which joins the cell body at a specialised junction called the axon hillock.
Many axons are insulated with a fatty substance called myelin. Myelin helps axons to conduct an electrical signal. Neurons generally have one main axon. Dendrites are
fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. Like antennae, dendrites receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons. Neurons can have more than one set
of dendrites, known as dendritic trees. How many they have generally depends on their role. For instance, Purkinje cells are a special type of neuron found in the
cerebellum. These cells have highly developed dendritic trees which allow them to receive thousands of signals. Neurons send signals using action potentials. An action
potential is a shift in the neuron’s electric potential caused by the flow of ions in and out of the neural membrane.
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